Journal articles: 'Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch'

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Darliana, Ina. "BIODEGRADASI LIMBAH TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) MENGGUNAKAN KONSORSIUM AKTERI PENGHASIL ENZIM SELULASE." Wanamukti: Jurnal Penelitian Kehutanan 23, no. 1 (January 10, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.35138/wanamukti.v23i1.174.

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This research was conducted to observe the consortium cellulose enzyme activity that bacterial comes from oil palm empty fruit bunch waste. The use of bacterial isolates derived from oil palm empty fruit bunch waste is expected to have a good effect, because the bacteria have been adapted to live in a waste environment that has a high concentration of organic matter. The purpose of this study was to determine the activity of cellulose enzyme consortium of bacteria from palm oil waste in the process of biodegradation of oil palm empty fruit bunch waste (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.). The method used is descriptive method. The oil palm empty fruit bunch substrate was fermented and then cellulose enzyme activity was tested using the Somogyi-Nelson method. Doses of bacterial inoculums used in this study were 5% and 10%. The results showed that the consortium of bacteria from oil palm empty fruit bunch waste at a concentration of 5% with a value of 4.58 units / ml on day 21 had the highest cellulose enzyme activity.

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Sutikno, Wajan Berata, Kussuma H. S. Fendy, and Ahmat Safaat. "Effects of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch and Magnesium Oxide Volume Fraction on Mechanical Characteristics of Railway Brake Block Composite Material." Key Engineering Materials 867 (October 2020): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.867.91.

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Railway brake block is one of the most important components of the braking system of a railway vehicle. Materials for railway brake blocks are commonly made from metal or composite. The metallic brake blocks have some disadvantages that are heavy, low wear-resistant and has potential in generating a spark. While the composite brake blocks do not have those disadvantages. Natural fiber from oil palm empty fruit bunches as the waste from the production of palm oil can be used as a composite constituent. This composite brake blocks made from oil palm empty fruit bunches as reinforcement, phenol resin as matrix, and alumina, magnesium oxide and iron powder as a friction modifier. Density, hardness, coefficient of friction, compressive strength and flexural strength tests were carried out to determine the mechanical characteristic of the composite railway brake block material. The railway brake block test results consist of the density of 1.96 g/cm3, the hardness of 57.6 HRB, coefficient of friction of 0.43, the compressive strength of 37.1 MPa, and flexural strength of 33 MPa. There are three samples of volume fraction combination with 20% of oil palm empty fruit bunch in sample 1, 15% oil palm empty fruit bunch in sample 2 and 10% oil palm empty fruit bunch in sample 3. Percentage of MgO is adjusted to compensate the volume fraction of oil palm empty fruit bunch in the sample. Sample test results show that composite with volume fraction 10% of oil palm empty fruit bunch, phenolic resin of 30%, Al2O3 of 25%, MgO of 20%, iron powder of 15% has better mechanical properties for the alternative composite railway brake block material as compared to the other two.

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Juniarto, Arief, Irdika Mansur, and Arief Sabdo Yuwono. "Pemanfaatan Tandan Kosong Sawit Dan Rumput Sebagai Bahan Kompos di PT Bukit Asam, Sumatera Selatan." Journal of Tropical Silviculture 9, no. 3 (December 30, 2018): 182–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/j-siltrop.9.3.182-187.

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PT Bukit Asam had strategies to improve soil fertility in the ex-mine land using compost. The amount of compost added to the soil depend on the extent of reclamation area. Oil palm empty fruit bunch and grass are highly potential to be used as the compost materials in reclamation area. The objectives of the research were to characterize the compost from oil palm empty fruit bunch and grass, and to compare the suitability between the result of this research and nasional standard compost. Oil palm empty fruit bunch and grass were obtained from PT Bumi Sawindo Permai and reclamation area of PT Bukit Asam, respectively. Composting site was located in the ex-mine land of PT Bukit Asam. Composting method used passively aerated static pile system. The results showed that the compost characteristic of oil palm empty fruit bunch compost had a dark yellowish brown color, pH at 9.3, C/N ratio at 14, and nutrients (C-Organic, N, P, K, and Mn Total). The compost characteristics of grass had a very dark brown, pH at 7.3, C/N ratio at 7, and nutrients (C-Organic, N, P, K, and Mn Total). The compost from oil palm empty fruit bunch and grass were in accordance with the national standard of compost.Keywords: empty fruit bunch, grass, compos

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Nyakuma, Bemgba, Arshad Ahmad, Anwar Johari, Tuan Abdullah, Olagoke Oladokun, Habibu Uthman, and Muhamad Halim. "Thermal Decomposition Kinetics of Torrefied Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Briquettes." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 10, no. 3 (September 15, 2016): 325–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht10.03.325.

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The study is aimed at investigating the thermal behavior and decomposition kinetics of torrefied oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) briquettes using a thermogravimetric (TG) analysis and the Coats-Redfern model. The results revealed that thermal decomposition kinetics of OPEFB and torrefied OPEFB briquettes is significantly influenced by the severity of torrefaction temperature. Furthermore, the temperature profile characteristics; Tonset, Tpeak, and Tend increased consistently due to the thermal lag observed during TG analysis. In addition, the torrefied OPEFB briquettes were observed to possess superior thermal and kinetic properties over the untorrefied OPEFB briquettes. It can be inferred that torrefaction improves the fuel properties of pelletized OPEFB for potential utilization in bioenergy conversion systems.

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Endy Yulianto, Mohamad, Rizka Amalia, Wahyuningsih, Sutrisno, and Yusuf Arya Yudanto. "Bioadsorption of Modified Empty Fruit Bunch Palm Oil for Reducing its 3-MCPD Compounds using Response Surface Methodology." E3S Web of Conferences 202 (2020): 12019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020212019.

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Crude palm oil, consumed as a healthy food oil, contains a 3-monochloro-propane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) ester in the range of 0.04-0.05 ppm. The 3-MCPD compound is one of the contaminants belonging to the chloropropanol group that is genotoxin carcinogen. It is therefore necessary to develop an integrated palm oil refining through adsorption with a modified palm empty fruit bunch bioadsorbent to reduce 3-MCPD ester (<2 ppm / Codex Standard). Response Surface Method applied in the optimization study of the modified empty fruit bunch of oil palm. The research was designed by using Central Composite Design. The parameter process studied were temperature (60-800C), time (20-40 minutes) and oil volume (400-600 ml). Response surface of the pressurized liquid water extraction of curcumin was expressed by a second-order polynomial. The research showed that temperature was the most influencing variable for the adsorption of 3-MCPD from modified empty fruit bunch of oil palm. The response surface contour plots of the RSM on the effect of temperature, time and oil volume have showed that the optimum condition for the adsorption of 3-MCPD from modified empty fruit bunch of oil palm were adsorption performed at temperature of 86.80C, 46.81 minutes and oil volume of 668.17 ml.

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Dwi Januari, Arty, Suyud Warno Utomo, and Haruki Agustina. "Estimation and potential of palm oil empty fruit bunches based on crude palm oil forecasting in Indonesia." E3S Web of Conferences 211 (2020): 05003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021105003.

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The increase of palm oil production produced waste, which has an impact on the environmental burden. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to predict the amount of palm oil empty fruit bunches produced per month in Indonesia to determine the potential of empty fruit bunches management. The predicted amount of the waste is based on crude palm oil (CPO) forecasts analysis that is processed using exponential triple smoothing. Based on the analysis, it was obtained that the amount of waste of empty fruit bunches proved to be directly proportional to the crude palm oil production. The efficiency of mill operation plays an essential role in CPO production and waste generation. However, this study has less variance on empty fruit bunches production since that quantity derived directly from CPO forecasting results based on fresh fruit bunches processed in the mills. Based on the estimation quantity, the management of palm oil empty fruit bunch as a raw material of fertilizer is sufficient to manage the produced empty fruit bunch. The data can be used to consider the waste palm’s potential management in palm oil mills and national scope.

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Rahman, Anggun Rahman, Khaswar Syamsu Syamsu, and Isroi Isroi Isroi. "BIODEGRADABILITY OF BIOPLASTIC IN NATURAL ENVIRONMENT." Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management) 9, no. 2 (July 11, 2019): 258–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jpsl.9.2.258-263.

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Biodegradation of the bioplastic composite based on cellulose from oil palm empty fruit bunches was investigated in this study. Microbes consortium from landfill soil collected from top soil were used as the inoculums for the biodegradation process. Biodegradation test of the bioplastic from oil palm empty fruit bunch samples compared with oxodegradation and conventional plastic samples were conducted in the glass jar. The biodegradation rate was evaluated from CO2 generated from the biodegradation process and absorbed by 0.1 N sodium hydroxide solutions. The generated CO2 was titrated with 0.1 N HCl and using phenolphthalein (PP) followed by methyl oranges indicator. The results showed that the highest CO2 production on landfill soil indicating the highest rate of biodegradation was found on bioplastic from oil palm empty fruit bunch followed by oxodegradable plastic and conventional plastic. The rate of biodegradation for bioplastic from oil palm empty fruit bunch, oxodegradable plastic and conventional plastic were 0.067mg CO2/day, 0.052 mg CO2/day and 0 mg CO2/day, respectively.

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Michael, Elmer Surya, and Halimatuddahliana. "DAYA SERAP AIR DAN KANDUNGAN SERAT (FIBER CONTENT) KOMPOSIT POLIESTER TIDAK JENUH (UNSATURATED POLYESTER) BERPENGISI SERAT TANDAN KOSONG SAWIT DAN SELULOSA." Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU 2, no. 3 (September 14, 2013): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jtk.v2i3.1443.

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This study was aimed to investigate the effect of empty fruit bunch palm oil and cellulose content as filler in water absorption and fibre volume fraction of the unsaturated polyester composites. The composites were made by hand-lay up method by mixing unsaturated polyester with the composition of each fillers (empty fruit bunch palm oil and cellulose) of 5,10,15,20 wt%. The parameter which was carried on the prepared samples was water absorption for each sample every 24 hours until the composites have constant absorption. It was found that the addition of fillers to the matrix caused the water absorption of composites increased at each of composition of fillers (empty fruit bunch palm oil and cellulose) and the fibre volume fraction increased as the filler content increase.

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Bismantolo, P., H. Hestiawan, F. Wardhani, and M. F. Utama. "Pemanfaatan limbah tandan buah kosong kelapa sawit sebagai penguat komposit untuk diaplikasikan sebagai bahan baku outer shell helm Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI)." Dinamika Teknik Mesin 12, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/dtm.v12i1.498.

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Oil palm empty fruit bunch is abundantly available as waste from palm oil processing which is only used for boiler fuel and plant fertilizers. This study aims to investigate the utilization of oil palm empty fruit bunch as a composite reinforcement material to be applied as a raw material for the outer shell of Indonesian national standard (SNI) helmets. The materials used include oil palm empty fruit bunch, the polyester resin of BQTN yukalac, and the catalyst of MEKPO. The manufacturing process uses the hand lay-up technique by varying the fiber volume fractions 3, 6, 9, 12%, and therefore the fiber size passes mesh of 20 and 50. The tensile test uses the ASTM standard D 638 while the impact test uses the ASTM standard D 5942. Fiber volume fraction and fiber size affect the mechanical properties of oil palm fiber reinforced composites. The results of the tensile and impact tests showed that the highest tensile strength and impact toughness were obtained within the composite with a fiber volume fraction of 6% and a mesh of 50, which were 34.74 MPa and 60.21 kJ/m², respectively. In comparison with the tensile strength of the SNI helmet of 33.93 MPa, the oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber can be used as a composite reinforcement for the outer shell of the SNI helmet.

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Edyson, F. Murgianto, and A. Ardiyanto. "Impact of Palm Oil By-Products Application to Earthworm Populations and Soil Chemical In Oil Palm Plantation." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 995, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/995/1/012062.

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Abstract Palm oil mill has by-products from processing fresh fruit bunch such as empty fruit bunch and fruit fiber that benefits oil palm plantation. The aim of this research was to observe earthworms population and soil chemical properties after the application of palm oil by-products. This research was conducted in Pantai Harapan Estate PT Bumitama Gunajaya Agro, Central Kalimantan from July 2020 - May 2021. The organic matter was used in this study were empty bunch, empty bunch compost, and pressed fruit fiber, applied in an oil palm circle in two different soil types. The earthworms population was observed before and six months using a square sampling size 1 m x 1 m at a depth of 0,15 m. The earthworms population after six months with organic application both in dystrudepts and haplohumods range from 46 to 119 individuals/m2. Earthworms population increased 22,17% and 71,33% after six month, compared to control decrease 48,21% and 68,51% in haplohumods and dystrudepts respectively. Soil chemical properties such as C-organic, total P, and K are significantly different after organic application compared to control both in haplohumods and dystrudepts. Thus, the application of organic matter is able to increase the earthworms population and improve soil chemical properties in oil palm plantations.

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Rahmawati, Saparudin, and Teuku Andi Fadly. "English Effect of Activated Variations Carbon from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch to Solar Cell Efficiency p-n Junction Layer Cu2O-TiO2." Jurnal Inotera 5, no. 1 (May 14, 2020): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31572/inotera.vol5.iss1.2020.id99.

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Research about influence effect of activated activated carbon from oil palm empty fruit bunch to solar cell efficiency p-n junction layer Cu2O-TiO2 and direct of sunlight. The layer of Cu2O formed from copper (Cu) burned with temperature 550 ͦ C in 100 minutes. The solar cells are made with TiO2 layer composed of activated carbon from oil palm empty fruit bunch of 0%, 10%, 15%, dan 20%. The parameters of the solar cell can be obtained by measuring the short circuit (Isc), voltage open circuit (Voc), maximum power and Fill Factor (FF) with resitor value (R) 0-50 kΩ. The composed of TiO2 /activated carbon from oil palm empty fruit bunch analyzed using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectrocopy. As a result addition of activated carbon from oil palm empty fruit bunch to solar cell efficiency is increase in the value, voltage and efficiency of solar cells. The results of the measurement of the highest efficiency of solar cells using a sun simulator and sunlight are found in variations of activated carbon 20%, with each efficiency values 0,043% and 0,0018%.

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Sandi, Kurnia, Ricky Andi Syahputra, and Moondra Zubir. "Review Journal Thermodynamics Carbon Active Adsorption Empty Fruit bunch of Heavy Metal from Liquid Waste." Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science and Technology (IJCST) 3, no. 2 (August 13, 2020): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/ijcst.v3i2.19530.

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Research on metal adsorption isotherms with activated carbon oil palm empty fruit bunches in liquid waste. Oil palm empty fruit bunches are used as adsorbent for metal absorption. Oil palm empty fruit bunches are prepared at 105O C for 24 hours to get a constant weight then are characterized by SEM. Oil palm empty fruit bunches are heated at temperatures (400O C – 700O C) to get activated carbon. Re-characterization using SEM at optimum conditions shows that the pore surface is expanding. Then with a batch method for metal absorption (Cu, Pb, Hg) and analyzed using AAS. The most common absorption of activated carbon of oil palm empty fruit bunches is Cu (II). Based on the Langmuir and Freundlich R2 models close to 1, which means that multi-layer adsorption occurs.

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Haji, Abdul Gani. "Komponen Kimia Asap Cair Hasil Pirolisis Limbah Padat Kelapa Sawit." Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia & Lingkungan 9, no. 3 (June 1, 2013): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.23955/rkl.v9i3.779.

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Chemical components of liquid smoke which is produced via pyrolisis of palm oil solid waste have been analyzed by using gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Solid waste consists of shell, empty fruit bunch, and palm fiber. Solid waste was obtained from palm oil manufactory in Tanjung Semantok, Aceh province. The objective of this research was to investigate the chemical components in liquid smoke obtained from various palm oil solid waste. Sample was pyrolyzed at 500°C for 5 hours by using tube furnace reactor type 21100 which is equipped by thermolyne as temperature adjustment. The yield of pyrolysis from shell, empty fruit bunch and palm fiber are 52,02; 29,59; and 34,88%, respectively. The results showed that 27; 13 and 11 compounds of chemical were observed in liquid smoke obtained by pyrolysis of shell, empty fruit bunch, and palm fiber, respectively. Overall, acetic acid and phenol are the highest concentration of chemical obtained in this research.

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Andriyanto, Andriyanto, Retni S. Budiarti, and Agus Subagyo. "Pengaruh Penggunaan Effective Microorganism 4 (EM4) Pada Budidaya Jamur Merang (Volvariella volvaceae) Menggunakan Media Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit." Jurnal Biologi UNAND 7, no. 1 (March 15, 2019): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jbioua.7.1.59-68.2019.

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Indonesia is the biggest producer of palm oil in the world. Palm oil empty fruit bunches is the biggest waste generated by the palm oil processing industry. However, utilization of the palm oil empty bunches has been not optimal. The palm oil empty fruit bunches have potential to be developed into a medium for growing mushroom because it has a high cellulose content. However, the high content of cellulose and lignin in palm oil empty fruit bunches is difficult to decompose into organic material that need for mushroom growth. The composting processes of empty fruit bunches can be increased by using Effective Microorganism (EM4). This study aims to understanding the role of Effective Microorganism 4 (EM4) on Volvariella volvaceae cultivation processes that used Empty Fruit Bunches compost. This research was conducted by composted the empty fruit bunch with different concentration of EM-4 there are 0%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%. Parameters observed were number of mushrooms, weight of mushrooms and C / N ratio of compost. The results showed that EM-4 had reduce C/N ratio of empty bunch palm oil compost, C/N ratio was not affected mushroom production and EM4 was affected mushroom production, the highest production reached by concentration of 15% that had not significant with concentration of 5%, 10% and 20%. At concentration of 25% mushroom production was decreased. It is probably there are several mechanisms by EM4 microorganisms containing that affected mushrooms production.

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Akita, Hironaga, Mohd Zulkhairi Mohd Yusoff, and Shinji Fujimoto. "Preparation of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Hydrolysate." Fermentation 7, no. 2 (May 25, 2021): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation7020081.

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Malaysia is the second largest palm oil producer and exporter globally. When crude palm oil is produced in both plantations and oil processing mills, a large amount of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) is simultaneously produced as a waste product. Here, we describe the preparation of hydrolysate from OPEFB. After OPEFB was hydrothermally treated at 180–200 °C, the resultant liquid phase was subjected to high-performance liquid chromatography analysis, while the solid phase was used for acidic and enzymatic hydrolysis. Hemicellulose yield from the acid-treated solid phase decreased from 153 mg/g-OPEFB to 27.5 mg/g-OPEFB by increasing the hydrothermal treatment temperature from 180 to 200 °C. Glucose yield from the enzyme-treated solid phase obtained after hydrothermal treatment at 200 °C was the highest (234 ± 1.90 mg/g-OPEFB, 61.7% production efficiency). In contrast, xylose, mannose, galactose, and arabinose yields in the hydrolysate prepared from the solid phase hydrothermally treated at 200 °C were the lowest. Thus, we concluded that the optimum temperature for hydrothermal pretreatment was 200 °C, which was caused by the low hemicellulose yield. Based on these results, we have established an effective method for preparing OPEFB hydrolysates with high glucose content.

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Wirjosentono, Basuki, Purboyo Guritno, and Hanafi Ismail. "OIL PALM EMPTY FRUIT BUNCH FILLED POLYPROPYLENE COMPOSITES." International Journal of Polymeric Materials 53, no. 4 (April 2004): 295–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00914030490429942.

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Oktavianta, Irma D., Gusrizal Gusrizal, and Nurlina Nurlina. "Oil Palm Empty Bunch Compost as a Source of Humic Acid." Jurnal Akademika Kimia 9, no. 4 (November 30, 2020): 205–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.22487/j24775185.2020.v9.i4.pp205-212.

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Humic acid is a fraction of humic compounds that are part of soil organic matter. In this research, humic acid is extracted from oil palm empty fruit bunches compost. Compost is made from the process of counting the empty oil palm bunches, which are composted until the compost is cooked. The humic acid extraction process uses a strong base extraction method. The principle of humic acid extraction is to dissolve the humic compound with a base solution and then separate it by adding an acid solution (HCl solution). The extraction of humic acid from oil palm empty fruit bunches compost produced blackish-brown humic acid with a yield of 4.895%. The result showed that the main functional group content of palm oil empty fruit bunches compost humic acid was the -OH group and phenol group which had a conjugated carbonyl group and a more aliphatic humic acid structure. Quantitatively, the functional groups of humic acid functional groups each amounted to a total acidity of 7,400 cmol/kg, a carboxylic group of 520 cmol/kg, and a phenolic -OH group content of 6,880 cmol/kg. Research results show that oil palm empty fruit bunches compost can be used as a source of humic acid.

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Ni Kadek Sukriasih, Ikawati Karim, Suryani Dewi, Makmur, and Cengiz Kayacilar. "Production and Potential Income for Business of Oil Palm Empty Fruits Bunch as A Media for Growing Oyster Mushroom." International Journal of Science and Environment (IJSE) 1, no. 1 (November 21, 2021): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.51601/ijse.v1i1.4.

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Solid waste produced by oil palm mills consists of oil palm empty bunches, shells, fibers and sludge. Oil palm empty fruit bunches contain 40 percent of cellulose, 24 percent of hemicellulose, 21 percent of lignin, and 15 percent of ash. This study aims to determine the production and the income potential of oyster mushrooms by using oil palm empty fruit bunches as a growth medium. This research is a quantitative descriptive study using an experimental design approach. Analysis of variance showed that all treatments had no significant effect on the length of mycelium fulfillment, the length of the mushroom stalk, the diameter of the fruit cap and the wet weight of the fungus. Treatment with K0 without empty fruit bunches of oil palm has the same growth and production potential as treatment of K1-K4 using oil palm empty fruit bunches. Fungal growth and production are influenced by environmental, nutritional and genetic factors. The potential production of oyster mushrooms with wood sawdust and 15 baglog empty fruit bunches growing media is 5.2 kilograms with a total cost of IDR 297,250. The total revenue for twice harvests for each baglog is IDR 312,000. Therefore, to support the potential for growth and production of oyster mushrooms, oil palm empty fruit bunches can be used as a medium for growing oyster mushrooms because they have the potential for income to be used as a business.

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Caroko, Novi, Harwin Saptoadi, and Tri Agung Rohmat. "Heating Characteristics of Palm Oil Industry Solid Waste and Plastic Waste Mixture using a Microwave Oven." ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering 20, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ajche.58503.

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A microwave thermogravimetric analyzer was used to measure the characteristics of a mixture of palm oil solid waste (fiber, shell, and empty fruit bunch) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). In the study, the range of palm oil solid waste composition ratios to PET used was 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100 (by weight). The study included the influence of the quality of raw material on the heating process. The mixture of palm oil solid waste (fiber, shell, and empty fruit bunch) and PET proved to impact the heating rate, mass-loss rate, and energy consumption. Based on the observation, empty fruit bunch-PET mixture had the highest heating rate (average 1.5039oC/s) than shell (average 0.6058oC/s), and fiber (0.9119oC/s) and also had the highest mass-loss rate (average 0.0253 g/s). The highest biomass (shell, empty fruit bunch, and fiber) and PET composition ratio give the highest rate of heating rate (average 1.8264oC/s) and mass-loss rate (average 0.02875 g/s). In addition, the increasing ratio of fixed carbon and material density will impact the increasing heating rate and mass-loss rate and decrease energy consumption. Therefore, fixed carbon and material gaps significantly affect the heating rate.

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Nyakuma, Bemgba B., Arshad Ahmad, Anwar Johari, Tuan Amran T. Abdullah, Olagoke Oladokun, Ali H. Al-Shatri, Adnan Ripin, and Afizah Alir. "Preliminary torrefaction of oil palm empty fruit bunch pellets." E3S Web of Conferences 90 (2019): 01014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199001014.

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Torrefaction of pelletised oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFBs) is a promising pretreatment technique for improving its solid biofuel properties and energy recovery potential. Therefore, this paper investigates the torrefaction of OPEFB pellets to examine the effects of temperature and purge gas flow rate on mass yield (MY), energy yield (EY), and mass loss (ML). The results revealed that MY and EY decreased due to significant ML during torrefaction. Furthermore, significant improvements in the higher heating value (HHV) and energy density (DE) were observed. The torrefaction temperature increased liquid (tar) and gas yields mainly above 300 °C at the expense of solid products. However, the effect of purge gas flow rate on the torrefaction products was found to be negligible. Consequently, the torrefaction of OPEFB pellets were limited to 250-300 °C, 30 min, and nitrogen (N2) gas flow rate of 200 ml min-1.

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GUNAWAN, Fergyanto E., Hiroomi HOMMA, Satryo S. BRODJONEGORO, Afzer Bin BASERI HUDIN, and Aryanti Binti ZAINUDDIN. "Mechanical Properties of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Fiber." Journal of Solid Mechanics and Materials Engineering 3, no. 7 (2009): 943–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jmmp.3.943.

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Kristiani, Anis, Kiky Corneliasari Sembiring, Yosi Aristiawan, Fauzan Aulia, Luthfiana Nurul Hidayati, and Haznan Abimanyu. "Catalytic Performance of Sulfonated Carbon Catalysts for Hydrolysis of Palm Oil Empty Fruit Bunch." Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi 23, no. 6 (May 31, 2020): 209–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jksa.23.6.209-215.

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Utilizing lignocellulosic biomass into valuable products, such as chemicals and fuels, has attracted global interest. One of lignocellulosic biomass, palm oil empty fruit bunch (EFB), has major content of cellulose (30-40%), which is highly potential to be a raw material for fermentable sugar production. In this research, a series of sulfonated carbon catalysts with various concentrations of sulfuric acid (H2SO4, 10-30 v/v%) solutions have been successfully prepared and applied for a single stage of heterogeneous acid-catalyzed hydrolysis over microcrystalline cellulose and EFB under moderate temperature condition and ambient pressure. The catalysts’ physical and chemical properties were characterized by using a Thermogravimetric Analyzer (TGA), X-ray diffractometer, surface area analyzer, and Fourier-transform infrared spectrophotometer. The characterization results showed that sulfonated carbon had relatively similar physical properties with the parent of active carbon. The hydrolysis activity of sulfonated carbon catalysts gave various Total Reducing Sugar (TRS). The effects of sulfate loading amount in catalyst samples and various ionic liquids were investigated. The hydrolysis of pure microcrystalline cellulose powder (Avicel) using 30%-sulfonated carbon (30-SC) catalyst in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM]Cl) ionic liquid at 150°C yielded the highest TRS of 16.11%. Subsequently, the catalyst of 30-SC was also tested for hydrolysis of EFB and produced the highest TRS of 40.76% in [BMIM]Cl ionic liquid at 150°C for 4 h. The obtained results highlight the potential of sulfonated carbon catalysts for hydrolysis of EFB into fermentable sugar as an intermediate product for ethanol production.

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Aulia, Septi Lora, Maria Fitriana, and Erizal Sodikin. "Growth and Yield of Red Rice (Oryza nivara L.) Applied with Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers." Jurnal Lahan Suboptimal : Journal of Suboptimal Lands 10, no. 1 (April 5, 2021): 14–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.36706/jlso.10.1.2021.477.

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Red rice was one species of rice in Indonesia that was superior in nutritional content and selling price compared to white rice but the productivity of red rice is still low. One of way to improved rice growth and productivity is fertilization red rice was one type of rice in Indonesia that contains high nutrition. This research aimed to observe the effects of the combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the growth and yield of red rice (Oryza nivara L.). The research used a Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with 7 treatments. Each treatment had 3 replications and each experiment unit consisted of 3 plants so that there were 63 plants. The best treatment was compost of oil palm empty fruit bunch (125 g) + N, P, and K fertilizer 50%. The highest production was on oil palm empty fruit bunch compost (125 g) + Fertilizer N, P and K 50%, it was equivalent to 5.49 ton/ha. In the red rice crop farming system it can be recommended to provide a combination of oil palm empty fruit bunch (125 g) compost and 50% N, P and K fertilizer to increase yields in the cultivation of red rice.

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Oke, J. A., N. O. Obaji, and K. J. Osinubi. "Oil palm empty fruit bunch ash stabilized laterite as a fill material for low-volume pavement." Nigerian Journal of Technology 39, no. 3 (September 16, 2020): 721–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v39i3.10.

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A reddish-brown laterite was treated with up to 14 % oil palm empty fruit bunch ash (EFBA) by dry weight of soil and compacted with the British Standard light, BSL (or Standard Proctor) compactive effort. Index, compaction, strength and durability tests as well as microanalysis of the natural and stabilized specimens were carried out. The index, compaction characteristics (maximum dry density, MDD and optimum moisture content, OMC) and strength properties (California bearing ratio, CBR and unconfined compressive strength, UCS) were improved with higher EFBA treatment. Peak un-soaked and soaked CBR values of 70.0 and 45.0 %, as well as peak UCS strengths of 253.0, 462.0 and 577 kN/m2 at 7, 14 and 28 days curing were recorded at 8 % EFBA content. Based on the CBR specification specified in the Nigerian General Specifications, the laterite optimally treated with 8 % EFBA compacted with the BSL compactive effort can be used as a fill material in the construction of low-volume traffic pavement. The benefit of the EFBA application is primarily the reduction of the adverse environmental impact of the oil palm empty fruit bunch waste. Keywords: California bearing ratio, durability, laterite, oil palm empty fruit bunch ash, microanalysis, stabilization

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Surahmanto, Fredy, Harwin Saptoadi, Hary Sulistyo, and Tri A. Rohmat. "Investigation of the pyrolysis characteristics and kinetics of oil-palm solid waste by using Coats–Redfern method." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 38, no. 1 (September 22, 2019): 298–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0144598719877759.

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The pyrolysis kinetics of oil-palm solid waste was investigated by performing experiments on its individual components, including empty fruit bunch, fibre, shell, as well as the blends by using a simultaneous thermogravimetric analyser at a heating rate of 10°C/min under nitrogen atmosphere and setting up from initial temperature of 30°C to a final temperature of 550°C. The results revealed that the activation energy and frequency factor values of empty fruit bunch, fibre, and shell are 7.58–63.25 kJ/mol and 8.045E-02–4.054E + 04 s−1, 10.45–50.76 kJ/mol and 3.639E-01–5.129E + 03 s−1, 9.46–55.64 kJ/mol and 2.753E-01–9.268E + 03, respectively. Whereas, the corresponding values for empty fruit bunch–fibre, empty fruit bunch–shell, fibre–shell, empty fruit bunch–fibre–shell are 2.97–38.35 kJ/mol and 1.123E-02–1.326E + 02 s−1, 7.95–40.12 kJ/mol and 9.26E-02–2.101E + 02 s−1, 9.14–50.17 kJ/mol and 1.249E-01–2.25E + 03 s−1, 8.35–45.69 kJ/mol and 1.344E + 01–4.23E + 05 s−1, respectively. It was found that the activation energy and frequency factor values of the blends were dominantly due to the role of the components with a synergistic effect occurred during pyrolysis.

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Mina Grace Asoka, Gideon Orkwagh Abu, and Obioma Kenechukwu Agwa. "Proximate and physicochemical composition of oil palm empty fruit bunch." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 17, no. 1 (October 30, 2021): 026–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2021.17.1.0299.

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Agro-waste management generates worries to most developing countries and the menace needs to be curbed to reduce pollution. This study investigated the Proximate and Physicochemical composition of Oil Palm Empty fruit bunch. Samples collected were oven dried, grinded and analytical methods were carried out adopting AOAC 2005 (Association of official Analytical Chemists) test methods. The proximate analysis of the EFB revealed it to be a poor source of lipid (3.75 ± 0.01) but with a high fibre content (67.0 ± 1.19). The results showed concentrations of ash (6.87 ± 0.11), carbohydrate (12.3 ± 0.95), moisture (5.13 ± 0.24) and protein (4.87 ± 0.01). The physicochemical characteristics of oil palm empty fruit bunch is reported that pH had mean of 5.81±0.22, while temperature, total suspended solid, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solid, salinity, nitrate and sulphate had mean of 28.14 ± 0.02, 5.09 ± 0.02, 53.15 ± 0.03, 26.61 ± 0.015, 19.97±0.03, 14.65 ± 0.05, and 4.94 ± 0.02 respectively. More so, phosphate had mean of 17.55 ± 0.04, while ammonia, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, magnesium and calcium had mean of 0.04 ± 0.01, 2.86 ± 0.01, 1.58 ± 0.02, 2.55 ± 0.02, 1.05 ± 0.01 and 3.77 ± 0.01 respectively. The Proximate and Physicochemical composition of the Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch in this study demonstrates the efficiency of utilizing and application of this byproduct in various processes to help combat waste management issues in the environment.

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Tsabitah, Sumayyah, Abdul Aziz Omar, and Lukman Ismail. "Chemical Pretreatment Comparison for Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch: A Review." Applied Mechanics and Materials 625 (September 2014): 851–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.625.851.

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Lignocellulosic waste such as oil palm empty fruit bunch are becoming attractive research areas as it can be converted into biofuel or cellulose fiber. Pretreatment of lignocellulosic due to its complex structure is needed to enhance its digestibility during conversion to the required product.Lignin content and distribution is responsible for recalcitrance of lignocellulosic material, therefore delignification process can improve the rate and extent of enzymatic hydrolysis. Pretreatment of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) that mainly aim for delignification can be classified as biological, physical, chemical, and physical-chemical pretreatment. Most common chemical pretreatment of OPEFB are alkaline pretreatment, dilute acid pretreatment, and organosolv delignification. High efficiency of delignification can be achieved by combining several methods.

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Situmorang, Andreas Junico Marulitua, Bandi Hermawan, and Hesti Pujiwati. "DAMPAK SISTEM OLAH TANAH DAN MULSA TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN, HASIL JAGUNG MANIS (Zea mays saccharata) DAN TATA AIR TANAH." Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia 21, no. 2 (December 14, 2019): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31186/jipi.21.2.68-74.

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[IMPACT OF THE TILLAGE SYSTEM AND OIL PALM EMPTY FRUIT BUNCH MULCH ON GROWTH, YIELD OF SWEET CORN (Zea mays saccharata) AND GROUNDWATER SYSTEM]. This study aims to determine the impact of land management and the use of oil palm empty fruit bunches (TKKS) mulch. This research was conducted from August to October 2018, arranged in a split plot design with two factors. As a first factor, land management consists of unprocessed, plowed, and plowed and harrowed. The treatment of oil palm empty fruit bunches mulch as the second factor consisted of no mulch, 9 tonnes/ha of mulch, 12 tonnes/ha of mulch, and 15 tonnes/ha of mulch. Plant variables observed consisted of plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, fresh plant weight, plant dry, ear weight, ear length, ear diameter. Soil variables observed were the redistribution of groundwater and infiltration. The results showed no significant interaction between the tillage system and the application of oil palm empty fruit bunch mulch on all observed variables. Treatment without tillage or mulch dose of 12 tons/ha can provide growth and yield of sweet corn plants better than other treatments. The highest water content and infiltration rate were obtained from the dosage of oil palm empty bunches mulch 15 tons/ha. Soil cultivation by plowing and harrowing produces the highest infiltration rate compared to lower tillage intensities. About 18% to 42% of the diversity of growth and yield of sweet corn plants have a significant relationship with the diversity of groundwater.

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Siboro, Jusy. "PENGUJIAN PENGGUNAAN BIOCHAR BERBAHAN BAKU SISA POHON KELAPA SAWIT TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BIBIT KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) DI MAIN NURSERY PADA TANAH ULTISOL ASAL GALANG." Fruitset Sains : Jurnal Pertanian Agroteknologi 10, no. 1 (December 12, 2021): 01–05. http://dx.doi.org/10.35335/fruitset.v10i1.1835.

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The rest of the oil palm plantations in large quantities, if not processed, can damage the environment. if used properly, it can be used as biochar, which functions to improve the soil. This study aims to determine the effect of testing the use of Biochar made from raw residual Palm Oil Trees for The Growth Of Palm Oil Seeds (Elaeis guenensis Jacq.) in the Main Nursery in Ultisol. The research was conducted using a complete randomized design (RAL) non factorial with 4 replications. The factors is biochar consisting of 5 treatments: B0 (Control); B1 (biochar of stem palm oil); B2 (biochar of palm oil fronds); B3 (biochar of empty fruit bunch compost); B4 (biochar of stem palm oil + fronds + oil empty fruit bunch compost). The parameters observed were plant height, diameter of the stem and number of leaves. The results showed that administration of biochar had no significant effect on increasing plant height, application of biochar also had no significant effect on increasing the diameter the stem, application of biochar had no significant effect on increasing the giving biochar had no number of leaves of oil palm seedlings.

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Suhartati, Siti, Iwan Syahjoko Saputra, Dwinna Rahmi, Yoki Yulizar, and Sudirman Sudirman. "BIOREDUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES FROM OIL PALM EMPTY FRUIT BUNCH." Jurnal Sains Materi Indonesia 21, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.17146/jsmi.2020.21.4.6032.

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BIOREDUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES FROM OIL PALM EMPTY FRUIT BUNCH (OPEFB). The synthesis of silver nanoparticles was successfully carried out by extracting oil palm empty fruit bunch. The precursor used was silver nitrate (AgNO3) with a concentration of 9x10-4 M and 5 wt% of the oil palm empty fruit bunch extract. OPEFB acted as a capping agent in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The bioreduction method Ag+ to Ag0 produced a silver nanoparticle colloid in brown color. The results of the UV-Vis spectrophotometer showed the silver nanoparticles colloids spectrum at a wavelength of 420 nm with an absorbance value of 0.5. FTIR shows the reduction and shift of absorption peak in the hydroxyl functional group (-OH) at wavenumbers of 3323 cm-1 and the presence of absorption peaks at 560 cm-1. While, XRD pattern showed the specific crystallinity peaks of silver nanoparticles at 2θ: 33.24°; 39.98°; 61.23°; dan 79.13° respectively with the face-centered cubic crystal structure (FCC) and crystallite size of 15 nm. PSA analysis showed two specific peaks with an average size distribution silver nanoparticles of 43.5 nm and a PDI value of 0.4. Analysis of TEM shows the average particle size of 20 nm with a spherical particle shape.

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Zainudin, Zainudin, and Abdul Rofik. "Pemanfaatan Limbah Cair Pabrik Kelapa Sawit Sebagai Bioaktivator Untuk Pengomposan Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit." Agrifarm : Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian 8, no. 1 (September 3, 2019): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.24903/ajip.v8i1.525.

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Palm oil is an export commodity of the plantation sector which began to develop rapidly in East Kalimantan with an area until 2017 reaching 1,192,342 Ha consisting of 284,523 Ha as plasma / smallholder plants, 14,402 Ha owned by SOEs as the core and 893,417 Ha owned by Large Private Plantation.Empty bunches (Tankos) are solid waste that is produced by palm oil mills in the process of managing palm fruit bunches into crude palm oil (CPO). In each processing 1 ton of fruit bunches will produce Tankos as much as 21-23%. Oil palm empty fruit bunches that are not managed properly will become waste that does not provide benefits. Compost technology using a local microorganism starter (MOL) can be used to produce quality organic fertilizer considering the process involves decomposing bacteria of organic ingredients. Compost technology from tankos waste is very possible to be developed, both at the level of farmers and private oil palm companies. This study aim to determine the potential of palm oil mill effluent (POME) as an bioactivator for composting oil palm empty fruit bunches, and to determine the chemical quality of oil palm empty fruit bunch compost with MOL bioactivator liquid waste as organic fertilizer. Through this research, it is expected that the palm oil mill's liquid waste can be utilized as a bioactivator for compost production and can be applied to the production of oil palm empty fruit bunch compost.This research was conducted for one year. The stages of the research are as follows: 1. Chemical analysis of POME waste, 2. Making LM POME, 3. Chemical analysis of LM POME, and 4. Making EFB Compost, and Chemical Analysis of oil palm empty fruit bunch compost. Compost making using randomized block design (RBD) with 5 treatments and 4 replications include: P0 = 0 ml / liter of water, P1 = 100 ml / liter of water, P2 = 300 ml / liter of water, P3 = 600 ml / liter of water, P4 = 900 ml / liter of water.The analysis showed that there was an increase in the chemical properties of POME after becoming an LM POME activator. Increased chemical properties such as phosphorus from 0.01 to 0.02, potassium from 0.19 to 0.27, and organic carbon from 0.90 to 1.30, but some chemical properties such as pH decreased from 7.20 to 3, 37 and nitrogen decreased from 0.37 to 0.05. The EFB compost analysis results showed that the highest pH was p2 with a value of 8.23, the highest organic C at p4 treatment with a value of 57.65, the highest total N at p3 with a value of 1.80, P2O5 the highest total at p3 with a value of 0.64, and the highest total K2O at p4 with a value of 2.68.

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Kusworo, Tutuk Djoko, Bayu Aji Pratama, and Dhea Putri Safira. "Optimization of Bio-oil Production from Empty Palm Fruit Bunches by Pyrolysis using Response Surface Methodology." Reaktor 20, no. 1 (March 13, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.20.1.1-9.

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The need for fuel oil continues to increase in line with the increasing number of human populations and the growth rate of dependence on fuel oil. Bio-oil is a condensed-liquid mixture that results from the thermal derivation of biomass containing hemicellulose, lignin, and cellulose. This research developed an optimization of the operation condition of bio-oil from empty palm fruit bunches (OPEFB) using a modified pyrolysis reactor. The temperature and mass of empty palm fruit bunches were the two parameters considered in this study. Optimization was carried out on process parameters using the surface response methodology (RSM) and variance analysis (ANOVA). The significance of the different parameters and the effect of the relationship between parameters on the bio-oil yield is determined using a full factorial central composite design. The optimal operation condition of pyrolysis was found to be 570.71 oC, and the mass of empty palm fruit bunch 420.71 gr. Predictions from the optimum variable of operating conditions produce a bio-oil yield of 5.58%. The actual bio-oil yield on the optimum condition that was be validated is 5.6 %. The chemical composition of bio-oil obtained was evaluated by GCMS to ensure its characterization as a fuel.Keywords: Empty palm fruit bunches, Bio-oil, Pyrolysis, Response Surface Methodology, Optimization

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Iman, Golshokouh, Samion Syahrullail, and Ani Farid Nasir. "Empty Fruit Bunches Oil as New Lubricant." Applied Mechanics and Materials 660 (October 2014): 352–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.660.352.

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In this study, a tribological property of new oil extract from the empty fruit bunches (EFB) of palm fruit was studied as a new alternative source of lubricant oil. The experimental works were did using a fourball tribotester following the ASTM D4172 standard. The wear conditions on the balls surface were examined using CCD microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM). A similar experimental works were conducted using engine oil as a benchmark for the new tested lubricant. The correlation between coefficient of friction and time was calculated using statistical software. The results showed that empty fruit bunch oil has higher anti-friction and anti-wear ability compared to engine oil.

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Mohd Hassan, Nurul Husna, Noorshashillawati Azura Mohammad, Mazlan Ibrahim, Nor Yuziah Mohd Yunus, and Siti Noorbaini Sarmin. "Soda-anthraquinone pulping optimization of oil palm empty fruit bunch." BioResources 15, no. 3 (May 14, 2020): 5012–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.3.5012-5031.

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The influence of soda-anthraquinone (AQ) pulping conditions on paper properties of oil palm empty fruit bunches was studied using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based on Central Composite Design (CCD). The alkali charge, NaOH (A), pulping temperature (T), and pulping time (t) ranged between 20 and 30%, 160 and 180 °C, and 60 and 120 minutes, respectively. The mechanical properties evaluated for the handsheets produced were the tensile index, tearing index, bursting index, folding endurance, zero-span tensile strength, and the optical properties (brightness and opacity). The effects of soda-AQ pulping conditions on oil palm empty fruit bunch paper were elucidated by the regression models obtained. The optimum pulping condition were at 27.3% alkali charge, 160 °C, and 60 min that produced paper properties with 26.8 N.m/g tensile index, 7.95 mN.m2/g tearing index, 5.32 kPa.m2/g bursting index, 1.70 log10 folding endurance, 46.2 N zero-span tensile strength, 51.8% brightness, and 95.8% opacity.

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Ratnasinga, Jegatheswaran, Tee Chew Tek, and Saied Reza Farro. "Tool Wear Characteristics of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Particleboard." Journal of Applied Sciences 8, no. 8 (April 1, 2008): 1594–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jas.2008.1594.1596.

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Pahlawi, Qadly Ameen, Nazlee Faisal Ghazali, Khairilanuar Mohd Hanim, and Nik Azmi Nik Mahmood. "Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Lignocellulosic Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB)." Advanced Materials Research 1113 (July 2015): 305–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1113.305.

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A preliminary study was performed on enzymatic hydrolysis process for treating empty fruit bunch (EFB) fibre. The bioconversion of cellulose hydrolysis was carried out with soluble cellulase from Trichodermareesei as the biocatalyst. Crucial trends such as substrate and enzyme loading influencing the enzymatic reaction were also studied in order to enhance the cellulose conversion. The results indicate that as the enzyme loading was increased, the EFB conversion also increased until it reached 115.63 FPU/g of enzyme concentration, beyond this values, the reverse occurred. On the other hand, as the substrate loading was increased the conversion decreased. Inhibition of enzyme adsorption by hydrolysis products appear to be the main cause of the decreasing conversion at increasing enzyme loading and substrate loading.

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Wong, Yi Hang, Eamon Marcus T.-Z. Chew, Pey Yi Toh, and Lee Muei Chng. "Evaluation of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch for Cellulose Production." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 945, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/945/1/012021.

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Abstract Oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) with a cellulose content of 39 wt% is a good promise to be an alternative lignocellulosic feedstock for cellulose production through environmentally friendly extraction process. Therefore, this research was aimed to establish an effective cellulose extraction scheme from OPEFB via introduction of ultrasonication in the alkaline pulping stage for process intensification. The process could greatly reduce alkali solvent usage for cellulose extraction, hence alleviating the environmental impact caused by chemical disposal. Firstly, four distinct pre-treatment techniques had been used to pre-treat the OPEFB powder, namely autoclave, organosolv, acid and microwave pre-treatments. Afterwards, the pre-treated samples further underwent ultrasonic-assisted alkali extraction to extract the cellulose content. It was observed that the autoclave pre-treated ultrasonic extract achieved the highest cellulose content of 77.14 wt% at optimum KOH concentration of 0.75 M, ultrasonic amplitude of 30%, duration of 30 min and temperature of 80 °C. Therefore, the introduction of ultrasonication in alkali extraction of cellulose was indeed an effective approach in establishing a green production scheme of cellulose from lignocellulose.

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Ling, Jen Hua, Yong Tat Lim, Wen Kam Leong, and How Teck Sia. "Utilization of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch in Cement Bricks." Journal of Advanced Civil and Environmental Engineering 4, no. 1 (April 29, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/jacee.4.1.1-10.

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Oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) is a biomass waste abundantly produced by the oil palm industry in Malaysia. To minimize the environmental impacts, it needs to be properly disposed of or being rapidly consumed as a raw material of another industry. This study investigated the feasibility of substituting EFB in cement bricks, which is in high demand by the construction industry. A total of 120 specimens having the cement-to-sand (c/s) ratios of 1:2.5 and 1:3 were produced in the laboratory. EFB fibre was used to replace 10% to 25% of sand in the mix by volume. The specimens were tested for the compressive strength, density and water absorption after 28 days of casting. For the mix of 1:2.5 c/s ratio, 25% EFB content reduced 22% of density, decreased 59% of compressive strength and increased 43% of water absorption capacity of normal cement brick. This was mainly attributed to the porous cellular structure of EFB fibre that created a large volume of voids in the mix. Based on the feasibility evaluation, EFB fibre can only replace up to 15% and 10% of sand in the mixes of 1:2.5 and 1:3 c/s ratios respectively.

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Handoko, Slamet, N. Nurhadi, Sri mujiati, and Rachma Fitriani. "Characterization of pyrolysis products of oil palm empty fruit bunch." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 749, no. 1 (May 1, 2021): 012041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/749/1/012041.

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Ahmad, M. I., W. N. K. W. Jusoh, Z. I. Rizman, M. S. M. Rasat, Z. A. Z. Alauddin, S. N. M. Soid, M. S. A. Aziz, M. Mohamed, and M. F. M. Amin. "Effect of torrefaction on oil palm empty fruit bunch pelletization." Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences 9, no. 3S (January 24, 2018): 955. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jfas.v9i3s.66.

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Vincentius, Vincentius, Evita H. Legowo, and Irvan S. Kartawiria. "Potential of Palm Oil Empty Fruit Bunch as Biogas Substrate." ICONIET PROCEEDING 2, no. 1 (February 12, 2019): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.33555/iconiet.v2i1.11.

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Natural gas is a source of energy that comes from the earth which is depleting every day, an alternative source of energy is needed and one of the sources comes from biogas. There is an abundance of empty fruit bunch (EFB) that comes from palm oil plantation that can become a substrate for biogas production. A methodology of fermentation based on Verein Deutscher Ingenieure was used to utilize EFB as a substrate to produce biogas using biogas sludge and wastewater sludge as inoculum in wet fermentation process under mesophilic condition. Another optimization was done by adding a different water ratio to the inoculum mixture. In 20 days, an average of 6gr from 150gr of total EFB used in each sample was consumed by the microbes. The best result from 20 days of experiment with both biogas sludge and wastewater sludge as inoculum were the one added with 150gr of water that produced 2910ml and 2185ml of gas respectively. The highest CH 4 produced achieved from biogas sludge and wastewater sludge with an addition of 150gr of water to the inoculum were 27% and 22% CH 4 respectively. This shows that biogas sludge is better in term of volume of gas that is produced and CH percentage.

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Isroi, A. Cifriadi, T. Panji, Nendyo A. Wibowo, and K. Syamsu. "Bioplastic production from cellulose of oil palm empty fruit bunch." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 65 (May 2017): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/65/1/012011.

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ROZMAN, H. D., H. ISMAIL, R. M. JAFFRI, A. AMINULLAH, and Z. A. MOHD ISHAK. "Mechanical Properties of Polyethylene-Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Composites." Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering 37, no. 4 (November 1998): 495–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03602559808001376.

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Meilany, Diah, Efri Mardawati, Made Tri Ari Penia Kresnowati, and Tjandra Setiadi. "KINETIC STUDY OF OIL PALM EMPTY FRUIT BUNCH ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS." Reaktor 17, no. 4 (February 2, 2018): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.17.4.197-202.

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As lignocellulosic biomass, Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) can be used as the source of xylose that can be further utilized as the raw material for xylitol production. The processing of OPEFB to xylose comprises of pretreatment and hydrolysis that can be performed enzymatically. This process offers the advantages of moderate operation conditions and more environmentally friendly. This article describes the kinetic study of enzymatic hydrolysis process of OPEFB for producing xylose using self-prepared and commercial xylanase enzymes. Despite the possible mass transfer limitation, the Michaelis Menten kinetics was hypothesized. The results indicated that the reaction at pH 5 and 60°C followed the Michaelis Menten kinetics, with Vm of 0.84 g/L-h and Km of 48.5 g/L for the commercial enzyme, and Vm of 0,38 g/L-h and Km of 0,37 g/L for the self-prepared enzyme. The reaction is affected by temperature, with Ea of 8.6 kcal/gmol. The performance of self-prepared xylanase enzyme was not yet as good as the commercial enzyme, Cellic Htec 2. Keywords: enzymatic hydrolysis; kinetics parameter; OPEFB; xylanase; xylose

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Samadhi, Tjokorde W., Winny Wulandari, and Kezia R. Tirtabudi. "Oil palm empty fruit bunch ash valorization through potassium extraction." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 823 (May 27, 2020): 012035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/823/1/012035.

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Rozman, H. D., G. S. Tay, A. Abubakar, and R. N. Kumar. "Tensile properties of oil palm empty fruit bunch–polyurethane composites." European Polymer Journal 37, no. 9 (September 2001): 1759–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0014-3057(01)00063-5.

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Gea, S., N. Panindia, A. F. Piliang, A. Sembiring, and Y. A. Hutapea. "All-cellulose composite isolated from oil palm empty fruit bunch." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1116 (December 2018): 042013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1116/4/042013.

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Mohamad Ibrahim, Mohamad Nasir, Mohamad Yusof Nor Nadiah, Mohd Salleh Norliyana, Coswald Stephen Sipaut, and Sollehuddin Shuib. "Separation of Vanillin from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Lignin." CLEAN – Soil, Air, Water 36, no. 3 (March 2008): 287–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/clen.200700141.

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Or, Khai Hee, Azma Putra, and Mohd Zulkefli Selamat. "Oil palm empty fruit bunch fibres as sustainable acoustic absorber." Applied Acoustics 119 (April 2017): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apacoust.2016.12.002.

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Sutrisno, Bachrun, and Arif Hidayat. "Pyrolysis of palm empty fruit bunch: Yields and analysis of bio-oil." MATEC Web of Conferences 154 (2018): 01036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815401036.

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The palm oil industry is currently growing rapidly and generating large amounts of biomass waste that is not utilized properly. Palm empty fruit bunch (PEFB), by product of palm oil industry is considered as a promising alternative and renewable energy source that can be converted to a liquid product by pyrolysis process. In this work, pyrolysis of PEFB was studied to produce bio-oil. Pyrolysis experiments were carried out in a bench scale tubular furnace reactor. The effects of pyrolysis temperatures (400–600 °C) at heating rate of 10 °C/min to optimize the pyrolysis process for maximum liquid yield were investigated. The characteristics of bio-oil were analyzed using FTIR and GC–MS. The results showed that the maximum bio-oil yield was 44.5 wt. % of the product at 450 °C. The bio-oil products were mainly composed of acids, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, phenols, and oligomers. The chemical characterization showed that the bio-oil obtained from PEFB may be potentially valuable as a fuel and chemical feedstock.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch'

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