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1
EZIRIM, GERALD EKENEDIRICHUKWU. "Oil Crimes, National Security, and the Nigerian State, 1999–2015." Japanese Journal of Political Science 19, no. 1 (January 17, 2018): 80–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1468109917000238.
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AbstractThe discovery of oil in commercial quantity in Nigeria in 1956 ushered in a period characterized by endemic crises of oil rents management and corporate insecurity. From 1999, democratic renewal, backed by excess oil rents returns, made the popular democratic control of oil wealth critical. The consequent rentier management of oil wealth, excluding the citizens and their huge expectations occasioned threats to national security, thus punctuating limited democratic control of oil wealth, or lack of it. Employing the ex-post-facto research design, primary data for the study were generated from focus group discussions with experts in the oil sector, while other sources were from observations of the Nigerian Navy, Nigerian Customs Service, Nigerian Police, Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation, Nigerian Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative, National Bureau of Statistics, and the Central Bank of Nigeria. Logical induction was used to analyze the data. Anchored on a frustration-aggression conceptual and theoretical framework, the study found that deprivation of oil benefits to Nigerian citizens manifested in illegal oil bunkering, pipeline vandalization, cross-border smuggling of petroleum products, attacks on oil installations, kidnapping, and piracy, with attendant threats to national security.
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Shehu, Sani, Mohd Afandi Salleh, and Edy Fitriawan Syahadat. "THE CHALLENGES FACING PALM OIL INDUSTRY IN NIGERIA." Asian People Journal (APJ) 4, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.37231/apj.2021.4.1.201.
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The oil palm plantation can be found throughout West Africa and palm oil has contributed significantly towards the Nigerian exports. However, the palm oil industry in Nigeria was declining to 36.4% in 1969 and 13.2% in 1974 in spite of being the largest global exporting country at the beginning of 20th Century. Since then, domestic consumption has increased, slow growth in palm oil production and low output was delivered. The equipment of production is considered obsolete, the plantations are aging, the technology access is very little, and financing is insufficient. This indicated a threat and inefficiency of Nigerian palm oil industries to cater for the needs of people regardless of the increase in oil demand locally as the palm kernel oil is becoming important food and raw materials. Due to this problem, Nigeria remained to receive palm oil from Malaysia even though the seedlings was originated from Nigeria. Other large importers include from Benin, Ghana, Ivory Coast and Togo. This issue has caused Palm oil production in Nigeria to be more expensive and not competitive if compared to other countries like Malaysia and Indonesia. Hence, the objective of this paper explores the challenges facing palm oil industry in Nigeria using qualitative data through document and thematic analysis. The semi-structured interview was analysed by utilizing Atlas ti 8 software. The findings of the paper shows that there are challenges facing palm oil industry in Nigeria such as lack of good planting materials, poor funding, improper milling and lack of technology. From this, it is confirmed that there are numerous challenges facing palm oil industry in Nigeria which requires aids from the government from allocation of huge amount of its budget to agriculture and establish better policies for the palm oil industry that will attract more public and private investment.
Keywords: Oil Palm, Palm Oil, Palm Oil industry in Nigeria, Challenges
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Adetula, Yomi Vincent, and Damilola Misturah Marindoti. "IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRIES; A STRATEGIC SECTOR FOR TECHNO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND NERVE CENTER FOR INDUSTRILIZATION IN NIGERIA." International Journal of New Economics and Social Sciences 10, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.8089.
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The Nigerian iron and steel industry established as a basis for industrialization has remained unproductive even as the year 2020 targeted for the country to become one of the world's top 20 economies is barely a few months away. Despite, the boom in the oil sector, the value-added sector is low while the inter-sectoral linkages are weak. This implies a boom in one activity rarely affects another in the sector, but will rather impact on the foreign economy from where imports were sourced. Nigeria relies mainly on crude oil to the neglect of the iron and steel sector which is a major determinant for the industrialization of any nation. Lack of industrialization and unemployment in Nigeria today which engenders insecurity could be linked to the comatose state of the Nigerian iron and steel industry. Thus, this paper discussed the iron and steel sector as a strategic sector for rapid development and nerve center for industrialization in Nigeria.
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Oyelami, Lukman Oyeyinka, and Omowumi M. Ajeigbe. "Exchange Rate Volatility and Sectoral Analysis of Non-Oil Export in Nigeria." Zagreb International Review of Economics and Business 24, no. 1 (May 1, 2021): 21–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/zireb-2021-0002.
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Abstract The paper seeks to assess the industry-based effect of exchange rate volatility on the export of non-oil sector in Nigeria. Theoretically and empirically, volatility-trade link is ambiguous. The paper employed bound test for co-integration between exchange rate volatility and exports of non-oil products. Empirically, the results show that we can accept the hypothesis of no co-integration between volatility and export of non-oil industries in most cases. Therefore, the study concludes that the exchange rate volatility can actually produce negative effect on non-oil export industries in the short-run especially the big industries (Agriculture, food and manufacturing) but this effect does not linger into the long-run and this suggests that most of these industries have been able to develop a mechanism to cope with exchange rate volatility problem in the long-run.
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Emmanuel, Chinanuife, Magboo Kingsley, and Zekeri Momoh. "OIL PRICE VOLATILITY AND INFLATION LEVEL IN NIGERIA: AN EXPONENTIAL GARCH APPROACH." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 08 (August 31, 2021): 01–08. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/13219.
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Over the years, expenditures of public and private sectors are regulated by the activities in the oil and gas industry. The budget of Nigeria is hinged on the international price of crude oil and any shock on oil price affects the general activities in the country. With quarterly data from the period of 1981Q1 to 2020Q2, the study uses an exponential generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity approach to examine oil price volatility and inflation level in Nigeria. An augmented Dicky-Fuller unit root test and bound test cointegration approach were used to test for stationarity and existence of long run association among the variables respectively. The study found that negative shocks in real oil price affects the volatility of the inflation level. Also, it was observed that aside real oil price volatility, interest rate and real gross domestic product volatilities affect the volatility of the inflation level. The study therefore recommends among other things that policies meant for diversification of Nigerian economy in areas like industries and agriculture should be adopted to reduce high volatility of the inflation level.
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Idi, Adamu. "Dividend Policy and Share Price Volatility of Nigerian Oil and Gas Industries." Pakistan Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 6, no. 1 (March 31, 2018): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.52131/pjhss.2018.0601.0030.
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This work aimed at assessing the Effect of dividend policy on share price volatility of downstream sector of Oil and Gas Company in Nigeria. The population of the study comprised all the twelve (12) quoted oil and gas downstream sector on the Nigerian Stock Exchange as o December 2016, it covered the period of 5 years from 2011 to 2015. Four (4) companies were selected as sample due to the availability of data. The study employed ex-post facto research design; secondary data were collected from a sample of the study. The descriptive statistic, diagnostic test, correlation and multiple regressions were employed. The study found that dividend policy affects the share price volatility significantly. This result supports the Gordon Theory of dividend, which asserts that dividend payment is relevant and affects the share price of a company.
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Anthony-Orji, Onyinye I., Anthony Orji, Jonathan E. Ogbuabor, and Emmanuel Nwosu. "An Empirical Re-examination." Journal of Infrastructure Development 9, no. 1 (June 2017): 36–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0974930617706809.
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The current decline in global oil prices and the attendant economic distortions it has caused in many oil-dependent economies, such as Nigeria, have become a cause of concern to researchers and economic managers alike. This research work, therefore, investigates the impact of non-oil export (NOIL) on capital formation and economic growth in Nigeria. It adopts a classical linear macroeconomic model using aggregate data time series from 1980 to 2013. Empirical results from the estimated model show that NOIL has a positive impact on capital formation and economic growth in Nigeria, respectively. However, the level of statistical significance differs between capital formation and economic growth. The study, therefore, recommends that there is a need for diversification of the economy as this will go a long way in boosting the growth of the Nigerian economy. Furthermore, the government should create an enabling environment that will ensure the survival and functioning of the ailing industries in order to diversify the economy. Finally, the problem of infrastructural deficits (water supply, transport system, telecommunication and energy) should be tackled by massive public expenditure and private investment, as this will enhance productivity in the non-oil sectors.
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Esosuakpo, Sunday. "Restructuring Ceramic Production for Wealth Creation, Security and Sustainable Development through the Construction of Kick Wheel." UJAH: Unizik Journal of Arts and Humanities 21, no. 4 (May 20, 2021): 118–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ujah.v21i4.7.
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Right from the time of independence, Nigeria has adopted different restructuring methods in order to create wealth that will improve her economy, ensure security and enhance sustainable development. In doing this, different aspects of human and natural resources have been explored. But it appears that ceramics which is a branch of industrial art and an aspect of the people’s culture has not been considered even when the major raw material (clay) required is abundantly available as the oil. Perhaps, its non-consideration could be due to the crude tools used which do not give room for mass production of ceramic wares that could generate wealth to the nation and her citizens, ensure security and enhance sustainable development in Nigeria. Therefore, this paper explores restructuring ceramic production for wealth creation, security and enhancement of sustainable development in Nigeria through the construction of kick wheel. In carrying out the construction, materials were sourced and constructed into parts. Thereafter, assemblage was done through welding and screwing of parts. In a trial test, the kickwheel worked effectively in mass production of ceramic wares that could create wealth and make ceramics interesting for people to take up as job, thus reduce idleness and crime and ensure peace and security. The paper recommended among others that our country should establish centres for local constructions and fabrications as it will help in turning out our own Nigerian made tools and equipment, give room for apprenticeship, facilitate establishment of cottage industries, help revamp and restructure moribund industries, create wealth, and enhance security and sustainable development in Nigeria.
Keywords: Restructure, National Development, Construction, Kick- Wheel, Ceramics, Wares, Wealth Creation
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Olalekan, David, Oladipo, Noah, Oluwashina Afees, and Agbalajobi, Sunday Ayodele. "An Empirical Analysis of the Contribution of Mining Sector to Economic Development in Nigeria." Khazar Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 19, no. 1 (April 2016): 88–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.5782/2223-2621.2016.19.1.88.
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Nigeria is richly endowed with vast but largely untapped natural resources including solid minerals and arable land. Mining industries have been viewed as key drivers of economic growth and development process, as lead sectors that drive economic expansion which can lead to higher levels of social and economic well being. Contributions from mining as a percentage of GDP in rich countries are usually between 2-8 percent. In Nigeria, the contribution is still low at 0.15 percent, one of the major factors responsible for this is as a result of over dependence of the Nigerian economy on the proceeds from the sale of crude oil for over four decades which is at the expense of other sectors such as mining and agriculture that contributed significantly to the Nigerian economy before the emergence of crude oil. In the light of this, the study presents an empirical analysis of the contribution of mining sector to the economic development in Nigeria from 1960 to 2012. The study employed Error Correction Model (ECM) to examine the short run and long run effect of mining sector‟s contribution to Nigeria economic development. The study harnessed time series data to evaluate the impact of the specified key sectors; crude petroleum and gas, solid mineral, manufacturing and agriculture on the economic development proxied by per capita income. Equally highlighted are the problems militating against the mining sector in Nigeria and the strategies for its transformation of the economy. The finding revealed that the value of solid mineral have strong impact on economic development in Nigeria. Thus, Nigeria needs to urgently develop her monumental mining potentials in order to diversify her economy and to achieve rapid economic growth and development.
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Epuh, E. E., A. I. Ufot, and M. J. Orji. "Application of GIS to Oil and Gas Pipeline Management (A Case Study of South-South Nigeria)." July 2017 1, no. 2 (July 2017): 337–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.36263/nijest.2017.02.0035.
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Over the years, the oil and gas industries have been engaging in traditional practices and procedures in their mode of operation in pipeline management. This has brought some draw backs in terms of planning and mapping of pipeline facilities. Several challenges in terms of natural disaster, equipment failure, and human error could not be averted because the traditional methods could not produce survey maps and plans required for “real time “applications. The advent of Geographic Information System (GIS) technology in the oil and gas industries has brought about rapid changes and improvements in the activities of the oil and gas industries in terms of exploration, production and transmission of products from the field to the end users. In this research, digital maps showing oil and gas pipelines as well as other relevant features such as terrain, vegetation and settlements within the study area were generated. A relational database model was developed using pipeline attributes such as; the pipeline diameter, date of installation, pressure, coating and soil type. Queries on the database provided the required information such as; the required date of maintenance of pipes, areas prone to sabotage, areas with specific pipe diameters in various sections, previous spillages and the affected areas.
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Okonkwo, Eloamaka Carol. "OIL SPILLS IN NIGERIA: ARE THERE SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC IMPACTS?" International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2014, no. 1 (May 1, 2014): 300289. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2014-1-300289.1.
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Oil exploration and production results in various problems ranging from oil spills, gas flaring, habitat destruction, air and water pollution as well as land degradation. In this work oil spill will be singled out as main topic of discussion as it is one of the area in the oil industry that is been affecting the industry seriously in recent years. Oil spill can cause colossal damage which includes destruction of economic and social activities. The problems culminates into several impacts which include health, environmental, economic and social impacts. Over the years, so much attention is been given to the environmental and health impact of these spills. This work is going to go beyond this environmental and health impacts to the economic and social impacts. Economic impacts of oil spills generally include cost of clean-up and compensation, damage to agricultural lands, fishery and wildlife. Social impact on the other hand includes community conflicts, violence and frustration which leads to militancy, reduction in tourism and hospitality industries. The social and economic impacts actually go together in the sense that social impacts most times affects the economy. For instance, social impacts on tourism and hospitality industries causes reduction in jobs, poverty and revenue. In Nigeria, the impacts of oil spill appear more devastating owing to the fact that it is a developing country and that there is always political crisis in the country. Spills have caused deaths, destruction of farmlands, destruction of fishing industry, destruction of tourism facilities and cultural areas. In the Niger Delta Region, one can say that the impacts take different dimensions are many as spill and subsequent pollution is believed to be one of the main causes of militancy in the Niger Delta. This work looks at the socio-economic impacts of spills holistically and socio-economic impact specifically on the Niger Deltans and proffer solutions. A comparative approach will be used to analyse how socio-economic impacts of oil spills is being dealt with in some selected jurisdictions and the lessons Nigeria can learn from it putting into consideration the socio-economic and political situations. In doing that, formidable options available to Niger Deltans who are victims of oil spills will be explored. This will include options that will make the spillers accountable and responsible.
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Dr and Dr. "LEAN Manufacturing and Firm Performance in the Palm-Oil Industries in Delta State, Nigeria." International Journal of Economics and Business Administration VIII, Issue 4 (October 1, 2020): 319–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.35808/ijeba/590.
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Misbahu Sa’idu, Aminu Bakari Buba, and Ahmed Usman. "Interrogating the Causes of Industrial Apathy in Gombe, North East Nigeria." Konfrontasi: Jurnal Kultural, Ekonomi dan Perubahan Sosial 8, no. 1 (March 28, 2021): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/konfrontasi2.v8i1.138.
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This paper examined the factors and actors that coalesced to engender disinterest in the establishment and sustenance of manufacturing industries in Gombe State, North East geopolitical zone of Nigeria. The study adopted a historical method anchored on oral interviews with sixty (60) local manufacturers, and government officials across the eleven local government areas of Gombe state. Secondary sources in forms of published books, journal articles, Newsletters and Annual reports were also used. The result showed that lack of capital, epileptic electricity supply and weak political will constitute the major causes of industrial apathy in Gombe. Other factors include weak maintenance culture, lack of technical knowhow, longer gestation period in reaping the fruits of manufacturing, crisis of confidence and disdain for loans owing to interest attached to it. Finally, the study argues and recommends that prospects for reviving comatose industries and establishing new ones still exist in the study area. This ray of hope is informed by the emergence of participant political culture which could usher strong political will capable of harnessing the huge mineral endowments of the area. Another impetus added to this optimism is the Federal Government of Nigeria’s policy of economic diversification away from dependence on crude oil.
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Ironkwe, Uwaoma, and Ordu Promise A. "An Analysis of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) Issues Concerning Some Elements of Accounting in Oil and Gas Industries in Nigeria." International Journal of Management Science and Business Administration 1, no. 9 (2015): 14–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijmsba.1849-5664-5419.2014.19.1002.
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Iheukwumere, Emmanuel, David Moore, and Temitope Omotayo. "Investigatingthe challenges of refinery construction in Nigeria: A snapshot across two-timeframes over the past 55 years." International Journal of Construction Supply Chain Management 10, no. 1 (July 31, 2020): 46–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.14424/ijcscm100120-46-72.
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he sub-optimal performance of state-owned refineries in Nigeria has led to a significant gap in the supply of refined petroleum products (RPPs) in the country. More so, the growing demand for these products has further widened the gap to the range of 500,000 –600,000 barrels per day (bpd). Consequently, most of the imports for RPPs in Nigeria are being filled from the United States and North-Western Europe at the expense of the Nigerian economy. However, given the abundance of petroleum resources in Nigeria and its long history in the production of oil, it is unfortunate that the local refineries are hardly maintained to meet the needs of the local population. In addition, the inability of the Nigerian state to build additional refining capacity to cushion its domestic supply gap for RPPs has become a major concern. With more than 40 licenses issued to private companies since 2002, only two companies (Niger Delta Petroleum Resources Refinery and Dangote Oil Refinery) have made noticeable progress in new refinery construction.This paper is focused on investigating the current challenges of refinery construction in Nigeria. This is done with a view of comparing the drivers and enablers of productivity in construction in this sector during the period of 1965 –1989 and how they differ from the current period of 2000 -2019 in Nigeria.A systematic literature review within the academic journals, source documents from the industry, relevant interviews from published news media and consulting organisations were used to identify and categorise these challenges. The findings of this study were validated by interviews from experts across key industries in this sector.The study reveals that change of ownership structures from the government sector to the private sector between the two eras, present additional challenges. These challenges cut across availability of capital, inconsistent government priorities and access to land for construction. Others include cronyism and corruption, weak political will, unstructured refinery licensing scheme, security challenges and economic factors regarding the regulated downstream market inNigeria. Key recommendations proffered to help solve these problems include a private sector-led partnership with the government in the form of public private partnerships (PPPs), a review of existing methods for licensing refineries for private organisations, the development of local manpower with relevant technical skills to help lower the cost of expatriate labour and the establishment of more designated clusters as free trade zones within the oil-producing Niger Delta. These recommendations will help lower the entry barriers for private organisations in this sector
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Ojukwu-Ogba, Nelson, and Patrick Osode. "Reversing the ‘Resource Curse’ Phenomenon in Nigeria: An Assessment of the Nigeria Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative Act After a Decade." African Journal of Legal Studies 10, no. 2-3 (December 7, 2017): 141–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17087384-12340019.
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Abstract Natural resources endowment is a blessing to the endowed states due to their catalytic development-driving potential. The exploitation of the endowment should result in rapid socio-economic development. However, for most developing states, the blessing of these natural resources strangely tends to turn disadvantageous; a phenomenon that has been distinctly identified in the literature as ‘the resource curse’. This paper examines that phenomenon, using Nigeria as a case study given the serious environmental, political and socio-economic challenges occasioned by the country’s exploitation of its oil and gas endowment. The paper particularly considers the impact of the statutory intervention in Nigeria to reverse the trend through the instrumentality of the Nigeria Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative Act (NEITI Act) 2007. The paper further explores what could be the most effective means of containing the said problems in light of their implications for the future of the country and its people.
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Fuady, Ahmad Helmy. "Pragmatism and Nationalism: Industrialization Policy in Indonesia and Nigeria." Economics and Finance in Indonesia 61, no. 1 (April 11, 2015): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.7454/efi.v61i1.495.
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This paper examines industrialization policy in two oil giant economies, Indonesia and Nigeria. What are the key features of continued economic divergence in these two countries since the 1980s? It shows that Indonesia’s policy-makers adopted a series of liberalization measures and switched to an export-oriented strategy to develop manufacturing industries from the mid-1980s, while Nigeria’s policy-makers was reluctant to do so. This paper also seeks to understand the rationale behind the different policy choices. This paper argues that policy-makers’ experience and educational background are possible explanation to the different industrialization policies in these two countries.
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Amakor, Ifeoma Chinelo, and Onyinye Eneh. "A Comparative Analysis of Adjustment of Nigerian Selected Macro Economic Variables to Deregulated Exchange Rate System." Journal of Public Management Research 5, no. 1 (June 27, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpmr.v5i1.14984.
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This study is a comparative analysis of how Nigerian macro economic variables of Balance of Payment and Real Sector performance (surrogated by Real Gross Domestic Product) reacted to exchange rate deregulation in Nigeria. One of the reasons why countries deregulate their exchange rate is to avail themselves the benefits of international trade, and the international trade transaction of every nation is depicted in its balance of payment position. In order to ascertain the significance of Naira deregulated exchange rate on the selected variables, a pre and post deregulation analyses were carried out using Paired Sample T Test staring from 1960 to 1985 as pre deregulation period and 1986 to 2011 as post deregulation period. The result revealed that both Balance of Payment and Real Sector Performance reacted significantly to exchange rate deregulation. While the influence of deregulation of exchange rate on Balance of Payment was negative, it showed a positive influence on Real Sector performance. The researchers concluded that deregulation of exchange rate did not increase the Nigerian general export, but oil export only, which is also an indication that Nigerian domestic industries did not contribute significantly to the country’s export level. We recommend that the monetary authority can consider placing a crawling peg on Naira exchange rate level in order to regulate the level of currency depreciation; this will reduce the cost of production for the domestic industries as most of their raw materials are imported. Again the export ability of the Nigerian domestic industries can be enhanced by granting them export incentives such as free international packaging and external credit guarantee.
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Okonkwo, Eloamaka Carol. "ASSESSING THE IMPACTS OF SPILLS AND OIL-RELATED POLLUTION IN NIGERIA." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2017, no. 1 (May 1, 2017): 2017177. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2017.1.000177.
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Pollution associated with oil and gas exploration causes huge environmental damage. It is mainly caused by oil spills, gas flaring, effluent discharge and human error and these impacts on health, environment, and culture, economic and social activities of people. Recently, spills appear to be the main cause of oil-related pollution because many countries have worked hard to reduce flaring which is also a major source of pollution in the industry. In Nigeria, pollution from exploration activities is mainly caused by oil spills and gas flaring[1]which had led to many problems including health complications such as serious respiratory problems cancer, kidney and liver problems or even deaths, destruction of farmlands, fishing industry, tourism facilities and cultural areas. It has also led to community conflicts, violence and frustration, militancy, reduction in tourism and hospitality industries, and loss of biodiversity and destruction of habitats. This paper holistically looked at these impacts and examined them in the context of the Niger Delta situation. It generally raises and seeks to provide answers to some important questions: why are these problems grave in Nigeria and the role the negative impacts had played in anti-social behaviour, crises and criminality in the Niger Delta? In answering the questions, the paper examines actions taken by stakeholders to ameliorate the impacts while making few references to other jurisdictions where appropriate. It concluded that the impacts of spills and oil-related pollution are one of the main reasons why militancy and other societal ills have taken the centre stage in the Niger Delta. It recommends a more tailored solution in dealing with oil pollution and problems caused by it.
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Nduka, John Kanayo Chukwu, and Orish Ebere Orisakwe. "Precipitation Chemistry and Occurrence of Acid Rain over the Oil-Producing Niger Delta Region of Nigeria." Scientific World JOURNAL 10 (2010): 528–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2010.61.
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This study investigated the nitrate, sulfate, total dissolved solid (TDS), electrical conductivity, total hardness (TH), and bicarbonates of rainwater samples collected from Warri and Port Harcourt between April–June, July–August, and September–October of 2005 and 2006 to depict onset of rainy season, mid-rainy season, and end of rainy season for the two major crude oil–producing cities of the Niger Delta region of Nigeria (although Port Harcourt is also noted for non-oil manufacturing industries). The same was done in Awka, a non-oil producing city in the hinterland of southeastern Nigeria. In each of the cities, rain samples were collected from three points in a triangular equilibrium using a clean plastic basin fastened to a table 2 m above ground level and 115 m away from tall buildings and trees. The parameters were determined after filtering, using their respective standard methods. Averages of 1.50, 1.81, 1.13 and 2.14, 1.50, 1.86 mg/l of nitrate for April–June, July–August, and September–October were recorded for Warri in 2005 and 2006, respectively. While 15.21, 3.23, 22.31 and 20.89, 9.96, and 14.27 mg/l were recorded in Port Harcourt. Sulfate levels for Warri and Port Harcourt for the same periods are follows: 1.38, 1.88, 1.06, 1.50, 1.43, 1.50 and 2.64, 1.15, 5.88, 4.73, 1.90, 1.55 mg/l, respectively. Nitrate levels were higher than sulfate. Other parameters include TDS (5.44, 4.79, 3.30 and 7.63, 3.69, 2.56 mg/l for Warri in 2005 and 2006; 12.57, 2.07, 25.214 and 28.87, 6.73, 7.80 mg/l for Port Harcourt for the same periods). Other parameters also varied in that order for the 2 years in same cities. Crude oil exploration and gas flaring in the Niger Delta, and multiplicity of cottage industries in Awka, impacted on the inorganic ion pollution of the rainwater. This may have public health implications in the region.
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A Owusu, Richard, and Terje I Vaaland. "Achieving Local Content in Extractive Industries of African Countries." International Journal of Innovation and Economic Development 7, no. 1 (2021): 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijied.1849-7551-7020.2015.71.2003.
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Local content defines the extent of participation of local industry in extractive industries like mining, oil and gas. These industries are major destinations of foreign direct investments. They are very important revenue streams for governments of developing and emerging economies. In many countries, however, local industry is not participating enough. Recently researchers are bringing new perspectives into research and policy on the subject. We discuss the issue based on a review of relevant literature including a study in Nigeria in the wake of the passage of the new local content laws. Our study finds that the achievement of local content depends on the collaboration of a range of actors. Local political and legal institutions, local businesses, MNCs, universities and research organizations, international development partners and donors have to contribute their political and economic resources to achieve local content.
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Angela, Mamudu, Okoro Emeka, Igwilo Kevin, Olabode Oluwasanmi, Elehinafe Francis, and Odunlami Olayemi. "Challenges and Prospects of Converting Nigeria Illegal Refineries to Modular Refineries." Open Chemical Engineering Journal 13, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874123101913010001.
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The sub-optimum conditions of Nigeria conventional refineries remains a drastic setback since all other industries are intertwined with its outputs. It is noted that amidst all other glaring contributing factors as listed in the study, insufficient large capital funds on the part of private investors and vandalization of pipelines seems to be conspicuous. The stolen crude oil got from the pipelines serve as the beginning point for illegal refining. Asides the issue of quality control of products, their sub-standard operation also affects Nigerians environmentally and economically. The more the Government invest time and resources to stop their operation; the more they spring up like mushrooms. This paper reflects the authors view on achieving a win-win scenario. The upgrading of existing illegal refineries at strategic locations within the country to standard modular refineries seems to be a more feasible and friendly approach. The issue of channeling of intermediate products can be solved through the introduction of clusters, where final products of one become raw material for the other. Intermediate products can also be channeled to Government owned conventional refineries for further processing. From analysis, it is deduced that overall design capacities from clusters have optimum effect on the intermediate environment in terms of meeting demand. Extensive operational training on crude oil refining will help buttress the point while Transfer of Knowledge from official vendors to Nigerian Engineers on how to fabricate modular refining units locally will also help to reduce overall cost.
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Olubomehin, Oseyemi Omowunmi, Yisau Oluwatosin Atoyebi, and Nojeem Adesola Babarinde. "CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF THE SEED OIL OF CANAVALIA ENSIFORMIS LINN. FOR NUTRITIONAL AND INDUSTRIAL QUALITIES." African Journal of Science and Nature 6 (July 23, 2020): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.46881/ajsn.v6i0.143.
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The extensive demand for oils by man for consumption and industrial applications has led to an increasing search for oils from non-conventional sources to augment the available ones. Thus, the seed oil of Canavalia ensiformis Linn., a leguminous plant abundantly found in South-western Nigeria was extracted and analysed for its nutritional and industrial applications. Phytochemical screening and proximate analysis of the seeds along with physicochemical parameters of the oil using standard procedures were done. Different weights of the powdered seeds were extracted using a soxh let extractor with four solvents- n-hexane, chloroform, petroleum ether and ethanol. The fatty acid composition of the oil was characterized by Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Canavalia ensiformis seed contained saponins, anthracene derivatives, phenols, tannins, sapogenin and reducing sugar. The proximate analysis gave 1.50±0.84, 25.51±0.21, 2.10±0.23, 3.05±0.92, 56.94±1.96, 10.90±1.11 for moisture content, protein, ash content, crude fibre, carbohydrate, and oil extracts respectively. The physicochemical parameters of the oil were: pH-4.69, specific gravity0.89±0.01, acid value-6.2, saponification value-203.3 mg KOH/g, free fatty acid-3.1, peroxide value18.50 and iodine value-61.0 g of I/100 g oil, while the oil is miscible with petroleum ether. The fatty 2 acid compositions were 11-octadecenoic acid (43.86%) 9-octadecenoic acid (27.49%), hexadecanoic acid (17.07%), cis-11-eicosenoic acid (4.32%), ethyl cis-9-octadecenoate (3.80%) and methyl octadecanoate (3.46%). The presence of 75.67% monoenoic acids in its composition, high saponification value, good foaming and emulsion properties makes the oil useful as an emollient, excipient in pharmaceuticals and solubilizing agents in aerosol products and also of great importance in soap and cosmetics industries.
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Uduji, Joseph Ikechukwu, and Elda Nduka Okolo‐Obasi. "Corporate Social Responsibility in Nigeria and Rural Youths in Sustainable Traditional Industries Livelihood in Oil Producing Communities." Journal of International Development 31, no. 7 (July 30, 2019): 658–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jid.3432.
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Aniyikaiye, Tolulope, Temilola Oluseyi, John Odiyo, and Joshua Edokpayi. "Physico-Chemical Analysis of Wastewater Discharge from Selected Paint Industries in Lagos, Nigeria." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 7 (April 7, 2019): 1235. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16071235.
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Effluents from the paint industry have been a major source of environmental pollution. There is a need to investigate the compliance of wastewater discharged from paint industries with regulatory standards. In response, this study evaluates the physicochemical parameters of both raw and treated wastewater, the wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) efficiencies as well as the compliance level of five selected paint manufacturing companies in Lagos, Nigeria with some regulatory standards: Federal Ministry of Environment (FME) in Nigeria, World Health Organization (WHO) and Department of Water Affairs (DWA) in South Africa. All parameters investigated were analysed using standard methods. The values of pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and total dissolved solids (TDS) levels were in the range of 4–12.2, 149.1–881.3 mS/m and 1100–6510 mg/L, respectively. The range of other parameters include total suspended solids (TSS); 0–2470 mg/L, TS; 1920–6510 mg/L, chloride; 63.8–733.8 mg/L, dissolved oxygen (DO); 0–6.7 mg/L, oil and grease (O & G); 44–100 mg/L, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD); 162.8–974.7 mg/L, chemical oxygen demand (COD); 543–1231 mg/L, nitrates;12.89–211.2 mg/L, phosphate; below detection limit (bdl)–0.02 mg/L, sulphate; 195–1434 mg/L, nickel; bdl–1.9 mg/L while copper, lead and chromium were below detection limits. The results indicated that the WWTPs of the studied paint companies were ineffective in reducing the TS, TSS, BOD, COD and (O & G) to acceptable limits. Routine monitoring of wastewater from paint industries is therefore recommended to prevent the risk of contamination to the receiving watershed which many communities rely on as source for domestic water.
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Odunze, W. C. "ASSESSMENT OF IMPACT OF A GAS PLANT ON THE ENVIRONMENT OF OGBA/EGBEMA/NDONI, RIVERS STATE, NIGERIA." African Journal of Health, Safety and Environment 1, no. 1 (April 21, 2020): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.52417/ajhse.v1i1.38.
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Environmental impact of oil industries has constituted great hazard. This paper therefore evaluates the impact of gas flaring in Ogba /Egbema/Ndoni on the socio –economic well-being, environment, and health status of the inhabitants and the effort by the Industry to alleviate these effects. Mitigative measures and more effective management options were recommended. The research adopted analytical and survey research design methods. The data were obtained from questionnaire, interview and personal observation. 200 copies of structured questionnaires, were administered, while 192 were retrieved. The result showed that the gas flaring of the Industry impacted negatively from environmental to health status and socio-economic well-being, through constant rise in temperature and sooth pollution which in turn affect the agricultural produce both in quality and quantity. Cough, catarrh, skin and other respiratory diseases are associated with the activities of the oil industries in the area. The degradation of the environment weakened the economic life of the people as they depend on the agricultural yield for their income. Finally, recommendation on the need for public awareness on any project and engagement on the potential benefits of the project and abatement methods of the impact to the environment. Government to draw a line between technical and political decision as to guide office holders also Community Development Commission (CDC) staff should develop project initiative to reinforce the assessment and awareness on environmental sustenance. Health facilities to be improved and resistant species be given to farmers.
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Paye, Michael. "Beyond a Capitalist Atlantic: Fish, Fuel, and the Collapse of Cheap Nature in Ireland, Newfoundland, and Nigeria." Irish University Review 49, no. 1 (May 2019): 117–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/iur.2019.0384.
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Irish director Risteard O'Domhnaill's 2010 film, The Pipe, documents the battle of a small Mayo community against the Corrib gas pipeline project, following a number of local residents in their eight-year struggle against state-sponsored and corporate violence. In his next major production, Atlantic (2016), a comparative documentary of fishing and fossil-fuel industries in Ireland, Newfoundland, and Norway, O'Domhnaill retreats from the possible anti-systematicity of the Rossport struggle, taking a reformist, nationalist attitude to the question of oil and fish extraction. In this article, I will demonstrate how O'Domhnaill naturalizes this mobilization and ‘cheapening’ through a vocabulary of rightful ownership and human-centric dominance. Using world-ecological and energy humanities theories, I will then demonstrate that numerous other contemporary depictions of life and labour at the fish and oil frontiers, across the Global North and South, articulate how systemic contradiction materializes as environmental violence, focusing on works by Irish author Mike McCormack, Canadian author Lisa Moore, and Nigerian author Nnedi Okorafor.
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Nwojiewho, Isaac. "TECHNICAL VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING IN SOUTH-SOUTH, NIGERIA: A VERITABLE TOOL FOR SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC GROWTH." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 5, no. 5 (May 31, 2017): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v5.i5.2017.1835.
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This study examined how technical vocational education and training (TVET) in the South-South Nigeria could serve as a tool for sustainable economic growth. Strategies for sustainable economic growth within the Niger Delta region and challenges of TVET in this region were discussed. This paper stressed the need for a proper conducive learning environment if TVET objectives will be achieved. From the study, it was found that in South-South region the TVET systems, their strategies and polices have not been aligned sufficiently with the regional economic needs and labour market demands. The study gathered that due to urgent needs for skilled manpower in this region, the State Governments and the Niger Delta Development Commission (NDDC) have established many skills acquisition centers that produce manpower for oil and gas industry amongst others. Based on the findings, the following recommendations were made: industries must make TVET a stronger focus of their economic and human resources development; TVET should be remolded to enhance the demand of our industry; industries should be involved in all designs and implementation of TVET programmes, there should be a cooperation between tertiary institutions, Government and industry; finally the teachers and instructors should given be in-service training regularly.
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Braide, Wesley, Judith Nwachukwu, Samuel A. Adeleye, and Emmanuel Egbadon. "Effects of Gas Flaring on the Physicochemical and Microbiological Quality of Water Sources in Egbema, Imo State, Nigeria." International Letters of Natural Sciences 56 (July 2016): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.56.7.
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This study evaluates the effects of gas flaring on the physico-chemical and microbiological characteristics of water sources at Egbema, Imo State, Nigeria. Surface and ground water samples from the area were compared with samples from Ihiagwa Autonomous Community in Owerri West, a non-gas flared community. Both water sources were then compared with WHO standards for drinking water. The results revealed that water sources from the gas flared area have high levels of temperature, total chlorine, nitrate, nitrites, sulphates, calcium, and zinc, chromium with a very acidic pH when compared with water from non-gas flared sources. Also, microbial load increased the farther the distance from the flare site. The human health imparts of the presence of heavy metals and microorganisms in drinking water had been reported. In conclusion, gas flaring can pollute water sources within oil and gas facilities, thereby making them unsuitable for human consumption. Oil and gas industries should therefore treat water within their areas of operations before discharged into water bodies in addition to other remediation measures as part of their social responsibility.
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Bashir Aziz, Ahmad, Ahmed Ibrahim Mohammed, and . "Significance of Murabahah Finance towards the Imrovement of Agricultural Productivity in Kano State, Nigeria." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.21 (August 8, 2018): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.21.17156.
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Murabahah finance (mark-up) is an Islamic financial product which engages in sales of a commodity in cash or in credit with a full knowledge and agreement on the cost of a commodity and profit margin by both the buyer and the seller. It explores the Shariah legal justification and it is viable in advancing agricultural output of the most populous state of Nigeria. Equally, the study momentarily revealed the background of Kano state. The state is occupied by agricultural output and agro-allied industrial products that serve as a channel of earning income to the farmers and government prior to the discovery and exploration of oil. The study is intents to poster the significance Murabahah finance towards the improvement of this type of Islamic financial product in order to contribute to the agricultural output of Kano state. This paper aims to put into the development of the 44 Kano state micro finance banks, which are the infant financial institution owned by the state government. It is hoped that the outcome of this research will improve the socioeconomic standard of rural farmers, enhance food supply, agribusiness, and agro allied industries of the state. It is also hoped that the application of Murabahah will attract both local and foreign investors which will lead to the economic growth of Kano state and Nigeria in general. This study employed qualitative research methodology, whereby the data will be extracted from the books, magazines, scholarly articles, and other relevant websites material.
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Desta, Yemane. "A Comparative Study of Corruption in the Extractive Industries of Nigeria and Botswana: Lessons that can Be Learnt by the Young African Country of Eritrea." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 10, no. 3 (October 12, 2020): 384. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v10i3.17810.
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This article examines the nature of corruption in the extractive industries of two Sub-Saharan countries, namely Nigeria and Botswana. It explained the root causes of the high levels of corruption present in the case of oil and gas-rich Nigeria and the reasons that account for the minimal levels of corruption prevailing in diamond-rich Botswana. This article identified corrupt political leadership; the legacy of the divide and rule policies introduced by the former British colonial masters; lack of transparent and accountable public institutions, political patronage networks; poverty-driven desire to meet the basic necessities of life; massive inflows of petrodollars producing the “resource curse”; chronic political disruptions characterized by several military coups; the supremacy of familial, ethnic and religious loyalties over national interest and poor public sector pay as the main drivers of pervasive corruption in Nigeria. On the other hand the primary factors that contributed to the remarkable achievement of Botswana in the fight against corruption include ethical political leadership; sound pre-independence traditional institutions; relatively homogenous population; respect for rule of law and property rights; high degree of transparency; cultural intolerance to graft, establishment of democratic institutions at independence; good economic management; ability to manage ethnic diversity; and a competent, a meritorious bureaucracy. This article also identified the key elements of anticorruption strategy that would help prevent and combat corruption as well enhance integrity in the Eritrean public sector based on the experiences of Nigeria and Botswana. They include sound ethical political leadership; transparency and accountability in government; merit-based and adequately paid civil service; independent, empowered and well-resourced anticorruption commission; and prudent natural resource management.
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Adah, Christiana Agbenu, Sylvester Obaike Adejo, Joeseph Aondoaver Gbertyo, and Andrew Adah Ogwuche. "Comparative studies of inhibitive properties of Ficus polita and Ficus platyphylla on corrosion inhibition of mild steel in acidic medium." Ovidius University Annals of Chemistry 32, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/auoc-2021-0006.
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Abstract The menace of corrosion of steel in industries has been widely acknowledged. Analysis of oil pipeline failures in oil and gas industries in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria showed corrosion as one of the major causes of failure. Eco-friendly, cheap and renewable materials such as plant extracts have been investigated as alternative to the use of expensive synthetic chemicals which are often hazardous. In this study inhibitive properties of ethanol extracts of Ficus polita and Ficus platyphylla leaves as eco-friendly inhibitors of mild steel in 2 M sulfuric acid solution were investigated by weight loss method at temperatures of 301, 305, 309 and 313 K. The study has shown that both plant extracts inhibited the corrosion of mild steel in the acid medium. The inhibition efficiency (IE) and surface coverage (θ) for both extracts increased with increase in concentration and temperature. This trend is suggestive of chemical adsorption. However, the leaf extract of Ficus polita showed higher IE compared to F. platyphylla. Thermodynamic parameters and apparent activation energy obtained from the studies revealed the inhibition by both plant extracts to be spontaneous, exothermic and chemisorptive, while the adsorption mechanism of both plant extracts on the steel surface aligned with the Freundlich isotherm model, F. polita fits well to Temkin and Adejo-Ekwenchi isotherm models in addition.
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Kanayo, Ogujiuba, and Ogbonnaya Ufiem Maurice . "A Review of Value Added in Nigeria’s Pre and Post–SAP Agricultural Sector: Background and Issues." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 5, no. 1 (January 30, 2013): 44–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v5i1.379.
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In spite of the growing importance of oil, Nigeria has remained essentially an agrarian economy, with agriculture still significantly contributing to its Gross Domestic Product. However, the potentials of the agricultural sector to contribute to economic development in Nigeria have varied widely in the last two decades. This variation appears to be correlated to the nature of the political and economic regimes that exists. There were indications of some moderate output increase following the introduction of SAP. But, it is not yet certain whether the extent of deregulation policy currently being pursued by the Government and the preliminary outcome has elicited the desired response. One of the indications of the adverse development is the diversion of scarce foreign exchange from financing capital and intermediate imports to paying for food imports. Successive governments have experimented with various options in the promotion of agro-based industries, import substitution, promotion of specific sectors and specific areas. The outcome is an imbalance growth of various sub-sectors in the sector, poor capacity utilization, eroded competitiveness of local manufacturers and uneven playing field within the country. This paper basically reviews and analyzes the components of Nigeria’s agricultural sector, its contributions to economic development, and strategies adopted within the sector before and during the Structural Adjustment Program. It recommends that providing the right policy framework/enabling environment and incentives for private sector investment in the sector enshrined in the new economic blue print‘Transformation Agenda’ could be a viable option for revitalizing the sector.
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Henry Chukwuma, Oruche, and Okpara Donatus Anayo. "Unsustainable management of wastewater and brewing effluents: The impacts on socioeconomy and environment, Lagos and Niger Delta region, Nigeria." E3S Web of Conferences 211 (2020): 03006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021103006.
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Wastewater mismanagement poses a threat to economic growth and long term prosperity of many countries around the world specially developing ones. Waste is regarded as redundant products, with no marginal value by the owner but impact negatively to the environment and human well-being. Wastewater treatment or reuse does not only improve the promotion of environment and healthy ecosystems but sustains it for long period. Sustainable wastewater management is crucial especially in Niger Delta where water scarcity is enormous. Socio-economic importance of wastewater control especially by municipals, brewery and industries cannot be overemphasized. Though combinations of effluents, oil spills, etc. contribute over 95% of environmental pollution in Nigeria, our focus is on inefficiency of wastewater treatment plants. This study examines the exposure of poor management of wastewater, brewery effluents in Niger delta eco-zones and Lagos state. Multiple Exposure, Multiple Effects (MEME) descriptive method of analysis was used. Based on expository founding that humans, flora and fauna were exposed to the danger of wastewater pollutions in both regions. Conclusion was made based on government priority. The study will be beneficial to brewery industries, government monitoring agencies/institutions, researchers for further improvement especially in the area of mind-set change.
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Rhodes, Anton, and Romain Chancerel. "Oil Spill Preparedness and Response Capability in West, Central and Southern Africa: Sustaining momentum in a changing world of oil spill risks." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2014, no. 1 (May 1, 2014): 1364–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2014.1.1364.
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ABSTRACT The Global Initiative for West, Central and Southern Africa (GI WACAF Project) is a partnership between the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and IPIECA - the global oil and gas industry association for environmental and social issues, to enhance the capacity of countries to prepare for and respond to marine oil spills. The GI WACAF Project was launched in 2006 and is jointly funded by IMO and eight oil company members in order to strengthen national oil spill response capability in 22 countries of West, Central and Southern Africa through the establishment of local partnerships between the oil industries and the national authorities in charge of oil spill preparedness and response at the national level. This paper will describe how the GI WACAF Project cooperates with local stakeholders in order to develop a structure for preparedness and response in the region, and to detail what are the challenges lying ahead in order to make this structure fully operational taking into account the changes in the region in terms of risk profiles, industry representation and national and regional governance. The analysis of the exercises organised under the umbrella of the GI WACAF Project in Congo, Nigeria (2011), Gabon (2012), Cameroon, and Mauritania (2012) emphasises the needs in terms of international cooperation, integration of response capabilities at the national and regional levels and the development of effective incident management structures. In conclusion, we will present how the GI WACAF Project has evolved in order to maintain its momentum for the continuous development of preparedness and response capabilities in the region.
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Ehis-Eriakha, Chioma Bertha, Chioma Blaise Chikere, and Onyewuchi Akaranta. "Functional Gene Diversity of Selected Indigenous Hydrocarbon-Degrading Bacteria in Aged Crude Oil." International Journal of Microbiology 2020 (July 30, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2141209.
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Crude oil pollution has consistently deteriorated all environmental compartments through the cycle of activities of the oil and gas industries. However, there is a growing need to identify microbes with catabolic potentials to degrade these pollutants. This research was conducted to identify bacteria with functional degradative genes. A crude oil-polluted soil sample was obtained from an aged spill site at Imo River, Ebubu, Komkom community, Nigeria. Bacteria isolates were obtained and screened for hydrocarbon degradation potential by turbidometry assay. Plasmid and chromosomal DNA of the potential degraders were further screened for the presence of selected catabolic genes (C230, Alma, Alkb, nahAC, and PAHRHD(GP)) and identified by molecular typing. Sixteen (16) out of the fifty (50) isolates obtained showed biodegradation activity in a liquid broth medium at varying levels. Bacillus cereus showed highest potential for this assay with an optical density of 2.450 @ 600 nm wavelength. Diverse catabolic genes resident in plasmids and chromosomes of the isolates and, in some cases, both plasmid and chromosomes of the same organism were observed. The C230 gene was resident in >50% of the microbial population tested, while other genes occurred in lower proportions with the least observed in nahAC and PAHRHD. These organisms can serve as potential bioremediation agents.
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Fapohunda, C., A. Kilani, B. Adigo, L. Ajayi, B. Famodimu, O. Oladipupo, and A. Jeje. "A Review of Some Agricultural Wastes in Nigeria for Sustainability in the Production of Structural Concrete." Nigerian Journal of Technological Development 18, no. 2 (August 13, 2021): 76–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njtd.v18i2.1.
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A review of agricultural wastes available in Nigeria that is suitable for use in concrete industry, in order to attain sustainability in structural concrete production and practice, is presented in this paper. The wastes reviewed are: Cassava Peel Ash (CPA), Empty Palm Oil Fruit Brunch Ash (EPO-FBA), Rice Husk Ash (RHA), and Saw Dust Ash (SDA). Others were Palm Kernel Shell Ash (PKSA), Groundnut Husk Ash (GHA), Corncob Ash (CA), and Egg Shell Powder (ESP). The study revealed that some agricultural wastes that have potential for use as supplementary cementing material (SCM) for cement in the production of structural concrete abounds in Nigeria. It was also revealed that the necessity of standardization of procedures for testing of such wastes so that structural performance index can be compared. In addition, there is also the need for the development of classification methods similar to that of fly ash, so that their use can be enhanced. Using these waste materials in concrete will lead to sustainability in concrete production, reduction in the use of natural non-renewable resources, innovativeness in the use of wastes, and the development of small-scale industries.
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Otoijamun, Itohan, Moses Kigozi, Sikiru Ottan Abdulraman, Adelana Rasak Adetunji, and Azikiwe Peter Onwualu. "Fostering the Sustainability of Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining (ASM) of Barite in Nasarawa State, Nigeria." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (May 24, 2021): 5917. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13115917.
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The exploration and mining of Nigerian barite are primarily by artisanal and small-scale miners (ASM) whose operations are characterized by poor productivity. As a result, the quantity and quality of barites produced do not satisfy the nation’s oil sector demands and other industries that require the mineral. This situation leads to massive importation of the mineral with negative impact on the country’s drive toward increasing the contribution of solid minerals to the gross domestic product (GDP). This study reviews the existing policies and government interventions on ASM of Nigerian barite; evaluates the operations of ASM through a survey of mines in Nasarawa state, Nigeria; identifies factors that affect sustainability of the sector and proffers solutions to foster sustainability of ASM of barite in the region. The study adopted the 4Is optimization technique (Information gathering, Interpretation, Implication, and Implementation) through personal interactions with the stakeholders at the barite mining sites, and government agencies, regarding policies and interventions specific to ASM of barite. Challenges identified include: weak implementation and enforcement of mining laws; inadequate support from government and development partners; poor access to mining equipment and technology; poor infrastructure (access road, water, electricity); poor pricing of products (marketing challenges); poor remuneration of mine workers; poor mining skills; inadequate formal education; limited awareness on environmental health and safety hazards; fragility and conflict; insufficient information and data on mines and miners; security issues; lack of access to finance; lack of formalization of operations and poor legal framework for operations. The strategies suggested for fostering the sustainability of ASM of barites include: enhanced policy and legislation formulation and implementation, strengthening of institutions, formalization of ASM operations, training of miners, awareness campaign, improvement in environmental and safety of operations, empowerment and support by government and development partners for individual miners and processors and organized groups within the sector (such as Miners Association of Nigeria, Association of Miner and Processors of Barite, AMAPOB). Implementation of these strategies will lead to sustainable operations of the sector and hence improved rural livelihoods, stimulation of entrepreneurship in an environmentally responsible manner, and improvement in the contribution of the mineral sector to the nation’s gross domestic product (GDP), and hence national development.
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Ajibola, Kolawole Sunday, Elegwa Mukulu, and Alice Simiyu. "Performance Appraisal and Employee Engagement: Does Tenure Matters? Evidence from South-West Nigeria." Quest Journal of Management and Social Sciences 1, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 146–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/qjmss.v1i2.27415.
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Background: The level of employee engagement globally is declining.Evidences points to low level of employee engagement in Nigeria. In this study, performance appraisal and performance appraisal feedback are hypothesized as factors that increase the level of employee engagement.
Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the influence of performance appraisal and performance appraisal feedback on the employee engagement among workers in South-West Nigeria.
Methods: The study adopted descriptive research approach. Respondents were sampled from employees of one State University, wire industries, and oil and gas sector in Osun State capital, Nigeria. Stratified and simple random sampling techniques were used to select 250 respondents. The questionnaire was used for data collection. Only 139 (54.51%) questionnaires were found useful for the analysis. Descriptive statistics, correlation and regression analyses were used for the data analysis.
Results: The study found out that performance appraisal had positive significant influence on employee engagement but the relationship between performance appraisal feedback and employee engagement was found to be statistically insignificant. Tenure was found to moderate the influence on the relationships.
Conclusions: Based on the findings of the study, the study concluded that employee tenure was an important moderator in the relationship between performance appraisal, performance appraisal feedback and employee engagement.
Implications: The implication of the findings of this study was that employee characteristics are important factors for the consideration of Human resource practitioners for organization effectiveness and productivity.
Recommendations: The paper recommended that HR managers should pay more attention to the employee metrics in implementing HR policies.
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Mathew, Shadrack Uzoma, and Tamzor Lebari Aban. "Design and Cost Optimization of Heat Exchangers Network System in a Typical Brewery Plant." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 5, no. 3 (March 6, 2020): 245–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2020.5.3.1748.
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Heat exchanger design and cost optimization had been carried out for Pabod Brewery, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria using Pinch Technology as process application method. The gross energy expenditure by the plant is 10.44MW at production capacity of 400,000 liters of beer per day. On quantitative aggregate 6.157MW goes for heating and 4.267MW for cooling. A temperature pinch or minimum approach temperature (ΔTmin) of 100C, minimum heating utility of 5.04MW and cooling utility of 3.09MW were recorded. Energy upturn of 1.08MW and 1.23MW for the hot and cold flows were measured. This finding correlates to energy conservationS of 18% for hot utility and 21% for the cold utility. Overall improvement in capital and annualized costs of 39% was achieved for the hot and cold utilities. The researchers strongly recommend the outcome of this research to process applications in brewery, chemical, petrochemical, oil and gas industries.
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Watts, Michael. "There Will Be Blood: Oil Curse, Fossil Dependency and Petro-Addiction." New Formations 103, no. 103 (March 1, 2021): 10–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3898/newf:103.02.2021.
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There is an active academic and policy debate over whether and how oil producers – as exemplars of a larger set of Global South development problems associated with 'resource dependency' – can be associated with a number of 'pathologies' or deficits (corruption, poor economic growth, conflict) that are seen as expressions of a much-wider global addiction to petroleum and natural gas. Equally, there is a vibrant set of regulatory and policy interventions designed to render the oil and gas sector more transparent and accountable through modalities like the extractive industries transparency initiative (EITI). In both cases, the language of dependency and addiction is endemic. The socalled 'resource curse' and oil's commodity status as 'the devil's excrement' are exemplary expressions of oil's apparently seductive yet catastrophic properties. Oil dependency and oil addiction have become central to the discourse – a planetary discourse in effect, of the Anthropocene and forms of life within it. This article explores how discourses of dependency and addiction have been put to work, and with what effect, in the debate around the oil and gas global assemblage. It shows how in the case of dependency (and here it is largely the dependency associated with oil-producing or petro-states such as Saudi Arabia or Nigeria) there are often unacknowledged and deep registrations of the word's meanings which are embedded in liberal governance. Much of this dependency talk, I will argue, locates the problem in a series of failings (which oil both overdetermines and facilitates) associated with liberal views of the self, of political economy and the state. In the case of oil dependency as an addiction, I attempt to draw out how an understanding of addiction as a social (and systemic) issue, rather than a property of individual consumers or the pathological-addictive character of particular commodities, sheds light on how oil is built into hydrocarbon capitalism, and what it will take to, as it were, break the habit of large-scale oil consumption.
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Hassan, Kalin, White, and Aladejana. "Hydrostratigraphy and Hydraulic Characterisation of Shallow Coastal Aquifers, Niger Delta Basin: A Strategy for Groundwater Resource Management." Geosciences 9, no. 11 (November 7, 2019): 470. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9110470.
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The groundwater from shallow coastal aquifers in Nigeria has been reported to be under intense stress resulting from both natural and anthropogenic impacts ranging from saltwater intrusion, effluent-related contamination and pollution to oil spillage, gas flaring, municipal, industries and agriculture. Here we characterised the hydrostratigraphy and hydraulic characteristics of the shallow coastal aquifers of the Niger Delta basin and assessed the resilience of groundwater to both natural and anthropogenic impacts. Fifty-two borehole logs were analysed from which lithological sections were used to generate cross-sections along with four profiles. The system was more complex than previously reported: a unit of silty sand was observed in the western part of the basin that thins out leaving the eastern part of the basin as an unconfined aquifer underlain by multiple thin beds of the sand aquifer. A layered sand aquifer occurs in the northern parts of the basin, which holds freshwater in this area, and is interbedded by clay layers which serve as aquitards. The relatively higher hydraulic conductivity of the Benin Formation units compared to those of the Deltaic Formation leave it with weaker climate change resilience and more vulnerable to pollution and contamination. While groundwater remains the dominant source of fresh water in the northern part of the basin, a strategic approach is needed to access potable water from the southern part where contaminated surface water appears to directly interact with groundwater of the uppermost unconfined aquifer. Management of waste and effluent related to oil spillage, municipal, industries and agricultural in this area should be engineered to protect the groundwater resources of this aquifer.
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Zdráhal, Ivo, Nahanga Verter, Barbora Daňková, and Jan Kuchtík. "‘Products Mapping’ and Agri- Food Trade between Nigeria and ECOWAS Member Countries." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 67, no. 5 (2019): 1379–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201967051379.
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Intra-ECOWAS trade and food evxports have been debated and given attention in recent years. The paper uses an analytical tool, called ‘products mapping’ following some methods, such as trade balance index, Balassa index and Lafay index to analyse comparative advantages in all 46 food items (SITC 0 + 1 + 22 + 4) in trade between Nigeria and ECOWAS as well as the world. The findings suggest that Nigeria has performed better in trading with other ECOWAS countries than in trading with the overall world market. For Nigeria and the world, the findings reveal that the country’s comparative advantages reduced from 12 out of 46 (12/46) in 1995 to 8/46 food products in 2017. The notable products that reveal comparative advantages and positive TBI are cocoa (SITC 072), crustaceans (SITC 036), fruits and nuts (SITC 057); and oil seeds and oleaginous fruits (SITC 222). Contrary to Nigeria’s trade with the world, the results suggest that the country’s comparative advantages in trading with ECOWAS countries rose from 19/46 in 1995 to 26/46 food products in 2017. The notable products that show comparative advantages and positive TBI are tobacco, edible products, maize and wheat. Inversely, food products with comparative disadvantage and adverse TBI, slightly reduced from 18/46 in 1995 to 17/46 in 2017. The findings further suggest that the structure of Nigeria’s food trade with ECOWAS has started involving and improving, albeit at a slow pace. There is an urgent need to stimulate domestic food production and food processing industries for domestic consumption and exports. Regional and national agricultural policies should be dramatically implemented for self-sufficiency and more comparative advantages and the number of positive TBI to be ensured and sustained.
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Onyishi, Ike E., Kenneth Amaeshi, Fabian O. Ugwu, and Ibeawuchi K. Enwereuzor. "Going the Extra Mile Because My Organization Does: How Does Corporate Social Responsibility Influence Organizational Citizenship in Nigeria?" Management and Organization Review 16, no. 1 (January 10, 2020): 169–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mor.2019.44.
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ABSTRACTThere is a growing call to understand the influence of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on organizational outcomes, especially in developing economies. Given the strong link between organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and organizational performance and survival, on one hand, and the constant need in the literature to understand their antecedents, on the other hand, this study adopts the social cognitive theory to examine the relationship between employees’ perceptions of their organizations’ engagement in CSR and their individual engagement in OCB in Nigeria. Based on the relevance of organizational learning culture to both CSR and OCB, the study further examines the mediating role of organizational learning culture in the relationship between employees’ perceptions of their organization's CSR engagement and their individual engagement in OCB. We tested these relationships in a sample of 254 employees drawn from banking, oil and gas, manufacturing and service industries. The results showed that there is a significant positive relationship between employees’ perceptions of their organizations’ engagement in CSR and their exhibition of OCB. This relationship is mediated by organizational learning culture. The implications of the results for CSR, especially in non-enabling institutional contexts, were discussed.
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Shehu, Sani, and Mohd Afandi Salleh. "NECESSITATING FACTORS TO NIGERIAN FAILURE ON PALM OIL." Asian People Journal (APJ) 3, no. 2 (October 31, 2020): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.37231/apj.2020.3.2.166.
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The oil palm tree, is originally a native crop of the tropical forest of West Africa. Palm oil trade emergedduring the British Industrial Revolution, whereby it was used for machines lubrication. Nigeria is among thefew places where the fruit was first discovered before the 14th century. Palm oil serves as the main vegetableoil produced globally, generating almost 60% of international trade in vegetable oils. In 1960s, Nigeria wasthe largest palm oil-producing and exporting country in the world. This accounted for forty-three percent ofentire palm oil global production, but the production entirely declined as a result of other factors that causedslow growth in palm oil production, while the domestic consumption has increased. Now it produces ameagre 1.7 percent of total world production which is insufficient for local consumption. Nigeria lost itsposition to Malaysia and Indonesia. Nigeria currently does not export palm oil, but it imports it fromMalaysia and Indonesia due to the local shortfall. The objective of this paper, explores the necessitatingfactors to Nigerian failure on palm oil, the paper is a qualitative research, it has adopted document analysis,the findings of the paper are the necessitating factors that led to the Nigerian failure on palm oil whichinclude; oil boom and decline in agriculture, civil war, traditional system of palm oil production, inconclusion, these factors are the failure to Nigerian palm oil production.
Keywords: Nigerian Background, Oil Palm, Palm Oil, Necessitating Factors
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DUMEBI, Ideh Anthony, and Olasunmbo OLUSANYA. "GLOBAL OIL PRICES AND THE NIGERIAN LABOUR MARKET." LASU Journal of Employment Relations & Human Resource Management 2, no. 1 (December 1, 2018): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.36108/ljerhrm/0202.02.0170.
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Nigeria is both a major exporter of crude oil and major importer of refined petroleum products with high level of unemployment. Nigeria depends on oil for its revenue and as major input in most industrial sectors. This paper examined the opportunities created by the low global oil prices for improving the Nigerian labour market. The study adopted qualitative research approach. The key findings are that fall in oil price provides negative challenges for Nigerian labour market in the short-run but an opportunity for improved employment generation in the long-run. The study concludes that government should take advantage of the fall in oil price to develop other sectors of the Nigerian economy. The paper has contributed to knowledge by establishing among others, that low oil prices create opportunities for nations to improve the labour market conditions.
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Adeyemo, O. O., R. Mabugu, and R. H. Hassan. "Interfuel substitution: the case of the Nigerian industrial sector." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 18, no. 1 (February 1, 2007): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2007/v18i1a3337.
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The purpose of this paper is to investigate energy substitution possibility among the fuel types used in the industrial sector of the Nigerian economy. An econometric model, utilizing the translog cost func-tion, is estimated for nine major industries in the industrial sector - non-metal, basic metal, fabricated metal, chemicals, food and beverages, paper, tex-tile, wood and others. Fuels are aggregated into four categories: electricity, oil, gas and coal. The model is estimated using time series data over the period 1970 - 2000. The results vary across the industries for different fuels. The conclusion provides future directions for interfuel substitution in the industrial sector of the Nigerian economy.
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Eke-Ejiofor, J., Nwosu Amarachi, and M. Akusu. "Physicochemical Properties of Starches from Four Local Varieties of Millet in Nigeria." American Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition 3, no. 1 (July 6, 2021): 21–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/ajfsn.739.
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Purpose: The study was carried out to evaluate the physico-chemical properties of starches from four local varieties of millet in salad cream production.
Methodology: Starches were extracted from four varieties of millet, two varieties of pearl millet were used namely Gero and Maiwa (Pennisetum glaucum), Tamba-Finger millet (Eluesine coracona) and Acha-Fonio millet (Digitaria exillis) using dry and wet milling processes for characterization and salad cream production. Standard analytical methods were used in determining the physicochemical properties of the starches.
Findings: The various starches physical properties, including colour, Amylose, Amylopectin, Starch Damage and Total Starch of millet cultivars were determined, and significant (p < 0.05) differences were observed among them. Values obtained for Amylose and amylopectin ranged from 24.47 to 26.91% and 73.09 to 74.51% respectively. The amount of starch damage varied from 0.08 to 0.10 % while total starch contained in the various samples ranged from 89.74 to 98.42 %. Proximate composition showed no significant difference among the starches in terms of moisture except in the wet milled Acha with 10 %. Ash content of the starches ranged between 0.79 and 9.22 %. Fat was higher in the control sample 10.22 % and lowest in the wet milled Tamba 1.69 %. Significant differences P<0.005 were found in the protein content amongst the various starches extracted, with Wmg having the highest value of 9.26 %. Crude fibre was in the range of 2.37 and 4.50 %. The Resistant starch was highest in Wmt (79.44%) and lowest in Dma (16.90%). Carbohydrate content was less in the control sample Wmc (62.40%) and highest in Wma (75.29%). Functional properties of various starches such as Bulk density ranged from 0.59% to 0.77%. Water absorption capacity of the starches were between 0.35% and 4.80% with Dmm starch having the lowest and Wmg the highest. Oil absorption capacity of starches varied between 2.10g/ml and 2.80g/ml. while swelling power were 0.43 to 0.91% with Dmc starch recording the lowest and Dmg starch the highest. Solubility values ranged from 9.50 to 24.00% with Dmm and Dmg having lowest and highest respectively. Least gelation capacity varied from 6% to 10%. The pasting characteristics of the four different starches were significantly (p < .05) different. Peak viscosity ranged from 2145.5 to 4379.0 RVU while Trough viscosity ranged from 1311.0 to 3190.0 RVU. Breakdown viscosity ranged from 625.5 RVU to 2401.5 RVU. The Final viscosity varied between 2704.5 and 5495.0 RVU. Increase may be attributed to high carbohydrate content in the different starches. Setback viscosity in this study ranged from 1393.5 to 2633.0 RVU. Peak time measured the peak viscosities in minutes of the cooking time of the starches and it ranged from 4.93 min to 6.30 min. Pasting temperature varied between 75.85°C and 88.40°C. Starches produced from the four local Millet varieties can be utilized for making diverse food products to meet the growing demand for starches in the food industries.
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Komolafe, M. O., T. T. Oladokun, and P. O. Iruobe. "Challenges of Rural Industrialization in Edo State." Nigerian Journal of Environmental Sciences and Technology 1, no. 1 (March 2017): 99–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.36263/nijest.2017.01.0003.
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Rural industrialization has been identified a potent ingredient for sustainable nation building. This is particularly relevant in Nigeria, given its high unemployment rate and prevailing crisis in its oil sector. This study examines industrialization in a Nigerian rural area, Ebelle community of Edo state. It specifically looks into the existing extent of involvement in industrial activities, the viability of the industrial activities, the challenges and the improvements needed. This is with a view to proffering recommendations on viable approach to revitalizing rural industrialization in Nigeria. It sampled 97 industrialists purposively selected in the study area. The data collected was analyzed using frequency counts and mean values. It is revealed from the study that agricultural activities are more predominant in the study area and it is perceived as most viable by the respondents. However, like in most other industrial activities in the area, inadequate capital, use of primitive methods, and low support on industrial activities has inhibited optimum performance in the agricultural sector. Provision of credit facilities, government policies that support consumption of local goods and supply of equipment at subsidized process were adjudged the immediate need to improve on the status quo. The study concluded that ample opportunities abound in rural industrialization in Nigeria, provided that tackling the challenges are given utmost priority.
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Timah, Benson P., and Gospel J. Chukwu. "Tax Incentives Influence On Corporate Earnings: Evidence From Quoted Manufacturing Companies In Nigeria." Archives of Business Research 9, no. 1 (February 5, 2021): 182–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/abr.91.9665.
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This study examines the influence of tax incentives on corporate earnings of quoted manufacturing companies in Nigeria. The operational dimension of tax incentives adopted are annual allowance, investment allowance, and tax holiday; while the proxy for corporate earnings is earnings per share (EPS), with share capital as a moderating variable. Secondary data for this study are sourced from financial reports of 69 manufacturing firms quoted on the Nigerian Stock Exchange out of a population of 81 in agriculture, conglomerates, consumer goods, healthcare, industrial goods, natural resources, oil and gas operations. Results from data analysis using descriptive statistics and multiple regression, showed that EPS is influenced by the specified operational dimensions, adjusted R2 = 0.62, p < 0.05. Thus, tax incentives influence corporate earnings in quoted manufacturing companies in Nigeria. It is, therefore, recommended that tax incentives should be sustained by the government to enhance corporate revenue and improve investment. Also, investment booster agencies should do more to coordinate activities, disseminate information on available incentives, and assist investors towards optimum capacity utilization to efficiently drive the Nigerian economy to higher heights.