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Journal articles on the topic 'Oil Immersed Transformers'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 23 June 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2025

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1

Jin, Lan, Dowon Kim, Ahmed Abu-Siada, and Shantanu Kumar. "Oil-Immersed Power Transformer Condition Monitoring Methodologies: A Review." Energies 15, no. 9 (2022): 3379. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15093379.

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A power transformer is one of the most critical and expensive assets in electric power systems. Failure of a power transformer would not only result in a downtime to the entire transmission and distribution networks but may also cause personnel and environmental hazards due to oil leak and fire. Hence, to enhance a transformer’s reliability and extend its lifespan, a cost-effective and reliable condition monitoring technique should be adopted from day one of its installation. This will help detect incipient faults, extend a transformer’s operational life, and avoid potential consequences. With

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2

Barański, Marcin, Stanisław Gawron, and Tadeusz Glinka. "Stray Magnetic Field around the Transformer." Materials Science and Welding Technologies 68, no. 4/2024 (2024): 1–4. https://doi.org/10.32730/mswt.2024.68.4.4.

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Distribution transformers installed in residential buildings should not disturb residents’ living comfort through noise, fire hazards and variable magnetic fields. The article presents the results of measurements concerning magnetic flux density having a frequency of 50 Hz in the space around oil-immersed transformers having a power of 1600 kVA, 800 kVA and 100 kVA as well as dry-type transformers having a power of 1600 kVA and 2500 kVA. Oil-immersed transformers generate magnetic induction at the same distance in the space outside the tank, approximately four times lower than that generated b

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3

Gao, Xinyue, Shunyu Wang, and Huaixuan Gao. "Review of Cooling Methods for Oil-Immersed Transformers." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 111 (August 19, 2024): 597–606. https://doi.org/10.54097/tjgkhv77.

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With the growing demands for electricity, the safe and stable operation of transformers are crucial. Oil-immersed transformers are widely used in power systems due to their excellent heat dissipation and insulation properties. However, the traditional oil-immersed transformer cooling methods are difficult to meet the needs of modern power systems, therefore, new cooling methods need to be developed. The existing oil-immersed transformer cooling methods are varied, including oil natural air natural (ONAN), oil-natural air-forced (ONAF), oil-forced water-forced (OFWF), oil-forced air-forced (OFA

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4

Tran, Quynh T., Leon Roose, Binh Doan Van, and Quang Ninh Nguyen. "A Low-Cost Online Health Assessment System for Oil-Immersed Service Transformers Using Real-Time Grid Energy Monitoring." Energies 15, no. 16 (2022): 5932. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15165932.

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In this paper, we present a low-cost health assessment system for oil-immersed service transformers using a monitoring device to measure energy in real time. By assessing the important level of transformer components, three indicators, top oil temperature, vibration, and transformer load, were selected as main indicators to investigate the service transformer’s condition. An evaluation system using Fuzzy logic method is also presented in the paper to support monitor transformer health without adding the extra cost of installing expensive sensors. Different testing scenarios with different case

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Xi Song, Xi Song, Mingdong Zhang Xi Song, Weidong Xie Mingdong Zhang, Shaorong Cao Weidong Xie, and Chaochao Gao Shaorong Cao. "Fault Detection Method of Oil-immersed Transformer Based on Thermal Imaging." 電腦學刊 35, no. 5 (2024): 035–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/199115992024103505003.

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<p>In the power system, whether the transformer can work normally and stably will directly affect the safe operation of the power grid. Monitoring the real-time operational status of transformers is crucial for the early detection, diagnosis, and resolution of potential faults. In this paper, a fault detection method of oil-immersed transformer based on thermal imaging technology is proposed. Firstly, thermal imaging images of transformer under different working conditions are obtained by infrared thermal imaging technology. Then the feature extraction and fault detection of transformer

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6

Fernández, Inmaculada. "The Need for Experimental and Numerical Analyses of Thermal Ageing in Power Transformers." Energies 15, no. 17 (2022): 6393. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15176393.

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Most power transformers are oil-immersed transformers for which its insulation system consists of oil and cellulosic solid. The insulation liquid impregnates the solid-covering air spaces, which improves the efficiency of the insulation system. Not only does the oil ensure electrical insulation but it also works as coolants transferring the heat generated during transformer operation to the exterior of the transformer. Throughout normal operation conditions, transformers experience multiple stresses that degrade their insulation. Since the lifetime of oil-immersed transformers is defined mainl

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7

Yuchao, Ma, Mo Juan, Yu Jinshan, Li Xiang, and Zheng Zhongyuan. "Study on Sound Field Distribution Rule for Tank Structures of Large Oil-immersed Transformers." E3S Web of Conferences 233 (2021): 01021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123301021.

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Large oil-immersed transformers are an important part of the transmission and distribution network in power systems. Power transformers are the main noise source of substations. Because of the uneven manufacturing process, aging equipment, long-term operation, and close distance from sensitive points, the problem of transformer noise pollution has become increasingly prominent. In this paper, the transmission and analysis model is established for transformer sound waves on the interface between insulating oil and tank body according to the sound wave propagation rule in complicated medium, and

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8

Diao, Guanxun, Heli Ni, Wenrong Si, Yingjie Gu, and Jian Yang. "Multi-Physics Numerical Research in Oil-Immersed Three-Phase Transformer Under Load Unbalance." Energies 18, no. 5 (2025): 1217. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18051217.

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Transformers are susceptible to the influences of complex power grid systems, which may induce three-phase unbalance in transformers, thereby threatening their safety and stable operation. To better understand multiphysics interactions within a transformer under a three-phase load unbalance, a coupled multiphysics model is established and validated for an oil-immersed transformer based on the finite element method. The electromagnetic characteristics, conjugate heat transfer, and thermal stress of the transformer under three-phase load unbalance are analyzed, and the impact on the transformer’

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9

Lakehal, Abdelaziz, and Fouad Tachi. "Bayesian Duval Triangle Method for Fault Prediction and Assessment of Oil Immersed Transformers." Measurement and Control 50, no. 4 (2017): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020294017707461.

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Dissolved gas analysis of transformer insulating oil is considered the best indicator of a transformer’s overall condition and is most widely used. In this study, a Bayesian network was developed to predict failures of electrical transformers. The Duval triangle method was used to develop the Bayesian model. The proposed prediction model represents a transformer fault prediction, possible faulty behaviors produced by this transformer (symptoms), along with results of possible dissolved gas analysis. The model essentially captures how possible faults of a transformer can manifest themselves by

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10

Kunakorn, Anantawat, Sarawuth Pramualsingha, Peerawut Yutthagowith, Phethai Nimsanong, and Supat Kittiratsatcha. "Accurate Assessment of Moisture Content and Degree of Polymerization in Power Transformers via Dielectric Response Sensing." Sensors 23, no. 19 (2023): 8236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23198236.

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Power transformers are essential apparatuses used to transfer electrical energy from one voltage-level circuit to another. For reliable systems, preventive maintenance of the transformers is required to ensure good services of all mechanical, electrical, and insulation parts. Oil-immersed paper is most often used for transformer insulation. To ensure such good insulation performance and for assessing insulation conditions, advanced transformer sensing, monitoring, and effective assessment techniques are required. This paper introduces an effective technique for assessing the insulation conditi

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11

Li, Li, Dianhai Zhang, Zhi Wang, Yanli Zhang, Xiaopeng Fan, and Yongyan Zhou. "Novel field-circuit assisted FEA of 110 kV power transformer for noise control and vibration reduction." International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics 64, no. 1-4 (2020): 289–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jae-209333.

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The vibration and noise are serious problems for large oil-immersed power transformers, which directly affect the performance and stability of transformers. The no-load current, as the excitation source, is very important for accurate calculation of vibration and noise. This paper provides a novel approach based on the new field-circuit coupling model to calculate no-load current of large power transformers. For one 110 kV large oil-immersed power transformer, the multi-physics coupling problem including magnetic field, structural force field and acoustic field under alternating magnetic field

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12

Ralf Wittmaack. "CFD SIMULATIONS OF OIL IMMERSED AND DRY TYPE TRANSFORMERS." Journal of Energy - Energija 61, no. 1-4 (2022): 129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.37798/2012611-4245.

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At Siemens the in-house CFD code UniFlow is employed to investigate fluid flow and heat transfer in oil immersed and dry type transformers as well as transformer components like windings, cores, tank walls, and radiators. We outline its physical models and numerical solution methods. As an oil transformer application of the method, the simulation of oil flow and heat transfer in 5 windings of a prototype transformer with ONAN/ONAF cooling mode is described. It corresponds to a heat run test with the total losses. Furthermore, we outline an application to an AFWF cast resin transformer prototyp

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13

Feng, Junjie, Ziyu Feng, Guojun Jiang, Guangyong Zhang, Wei Jin, and Huijun Zhu. "A Prediction Method for the Average Winding Temperature of a Transformer Based on the Fully Connected Neural Network." Applied Sciences 14, no. 15 (2024): 6841. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14156841.

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The average winding temperature of a transformer (AWTT), serving as a key indicator for assessing the running state of the transformer, is of utmost importance in determining a transformer’s electrical properties and the insulation longevity of the transformer. An accurate prediction of AWTT is essential for ensuring the safe operation of the transformer. A novel method for predicting AWTT is introduced based on the analysis of field monitoring data. Firstly, the thermal characteristics and operational mechanisms of oil-immersed transformers are examined. Secondly, a factor analysis model is d

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14

Hao, Yuefeng, Zhanlong Zhang, Jiayi Xiao, Hui Zhao, Yu Yang, and Zijian Dong. "Study on Thermal Characteristics of Winding under Inter-Turn Fault of Oil-Immersed Transformer." Electronics 13, no. 14 (2024): 2869. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics13142869.

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The inter-turn fault is a common fault of oil-immersed transformers. Due to the deterioration of inter-turn insulation, its resistance decreases, which leads to an increase in the winding coil current and loss, causing the winding temperature to rise. Therefore, analyzing the electrothermal characteristics of inter-turn short circuit faults in oil-immersed transformers can provide a theoretical basis for the diagnosis of inter-turn faults in transformers. This paper studies the equivalent circuit under inter-turn faults and establishes a field–circuit coupling model to calculate the current ch

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15

Lin, Lin, Chengdan Qiang, Hui Zhang, Qingguo Chen, Zhen An, and Weijie Xu. "Review of Studies on the Hot Spot Temperature of Oil-Immersed Transformers." Energies 18, no. 1 (2024): 74. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18010074.

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Oil-immersed transformers are the core equipment of power systems for energy transfer. The thermal characteristic of a transformer immediately affects its operational reliability and service life. Therefore, analyzing the hot spot temperature of transformers is highly important. Currently, researchers worldwide have achieved substantial research results in this field. This paper reviews the research status of the transformer hot spot temperature. First, the calculation method of transformer loss, the forms of heat transfer and its calculation method, the characteristics of the cooling method,

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16

KROPOTIN, V. O., S. S. GIRSHIN, V. N. GORYUNOV, E. V. PETROVA, V. M. TROTSENKO, and A. O. SHEPELEV. "SIMULATION OF STATIONARY THERMAL REGIME OF OIL TRANSFORMER USING ANSYS." Actual Issues Of Energy 3, no. 1 (2021): 037–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.25206/2686-6935-2021-3-1-37-42.

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With the expansion of the electric power system, the number of distribution plants increases, the most common in which are oil-immersed transformers. the increase in the number of transformers leads to an increase in energy losses, which depend on many factors, including the temperature of the windings. at the same time, temperature is one of the most important parameters that determine the service life of a transformer. the paper discusses a digital model of the thermal regime of an oil-immersed transformer with natural cooling based on the ansys software, focused both on the tasks of calcula

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17

Petrova, S. Yu. "Practical experience condition diagnosis gained from oil-immersed power transformers voltage class 10 kV." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2052, no. 1 (2021): 012033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2052/1/012033.

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Abstract Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA) for oil samples has been the most widely used diagnosis tool for transformer condition assessment for many years. However, DGA use to oil-filled transformers with a voltage class up to 100 kV. The aim of this paper is to address the issue of DGA interpretation to oil-filled transformers with a voltage class of 10 kV. This paper will present DGA tests results from 57 power transformers and will propose a maintenance decision making procedure using the IEC 60599-2015 Ratio Method, IEEE Std C57.104-2008 include Dornenberg Ratio Method and Rogers Ratio Method,

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18

Zhang, Yiyi, Jiaxi Li, Xianhao Fan, Jiefeng Liu, and Heng Zhang. "Moisture Prediction of Transformer Oil-Immersed Polymer Insulation by Applying a Support Vector Machine Combined with a Genetic Algorithm." Polymers 12, no. 7 (2020): 1579. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12071579.

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The support vector machine (SVM) combined with the genetic algorithm (GA) has been utilized for the fault diagnosis of transformers since its high accuracy. In addition to the fault diagnosis, the condition assessment of transformer oil-immersed insulation conveys the crucial engineering significance as well. However, the approaches for getting GA-SVM used to the moisture prediction of oil-immersed insulation have been rarely reported. In view of this issue, this paper pioneers the application of GA-SVM and frequency domain spectroscopy (FDS) to realize the moisture prediction of transformer o

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19

Wang, Jizhong, Jianfei Chi, Yeqiang Ding, Haiyan Yao, and Qiang Guo. "Based on PCA and SSA-LightGBM oil-immersed transformer fault diagnosis method." PLOS ONE 20, no. 2 (2025): e0314481. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0314481.

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A fault diagnosis method for oil immersed transformers based on principal component analysis and SSA LightGBM is proposed to address the problem of low diagnostic accuracy caused by the complexity of current oil immersed transformer faults. Firstly, data on dissolved gases in oil is collected, and a 17 dimensional fault feature matrix is constructed using the uncoded ratio method. The feature matrix is then standardized to obtain joint features. Secondly, principal component analysis is used for feature fusion to eliminate information redundancy between variables and construct fused features.

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20

Mizutani, Yoshinobu. "Deterioration Diagnosis for Oil-immersed Transformers." IEEJ Transactions on Power and Energy 136, no. 4 (2016): 351–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejpes.136.351.

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21

Askari, Mohammad Tolou, Mohammad Javad Mohammadi, Jagadeesh Pasupuleti, Mehrdad Tahmasebi, Shangari K. Raveendran, and Mohd Zainal Abdin Ab Kadir. "Analysis of thermal models to determine the loss of life of mineral oil immersed transformers." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 10, no. 5 (2021): 2327–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v10i5.3131.

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Hot spot as well as top oil temperatures have played the most effective parameters on the life of the electrical transformers. The prognostication of these factors is very vital for determining the residual life of the electrical transformers in the transmission and distribution systems. Thus, an accurate mathematical method is required to calculate the critical temperature such as hot spot and top oil temperature based on the different types of thermal models. In this study calculates the service life of the transformers based on an accurate top oil temperature. Accordingly, An approach solut

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22

Besharatifard, Hamidreza, Saeed Hasanzadeh, Ehsan Heydarian-Forushani, Hassan Haes Alhelou, and Pierluigi Siano. "Detection and Analysis of Partial Discharges in Oil-Immersed Power Transformers Using Low-Cost Acoustic Sensors." Applied Sciences 12, no. 6 (2022): 3010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12063010.

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Partial Discharge (PD) is one of the symptoms of an electrical insulation problem, and its permanence can lead to the complete deterioration of the electrical insulation in high-voltage equipment such as power transformers. The acoustic emission (AE) method is a well-known technique used to detect and localize PD activity inside oil-filled transformers. However, the commercially available monitoring systems based on acoustic sensors still have a high cost. This paper analyses the ability of low-cost piezoelectric sensors to identify PDs within oil-filled power transformers. To this end, two ty

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23

Fokeev, A. E., and I. N. Tumakov. "Analysis of Operating Modes of Oil-Immersed Power Transformers with a Voltage of 10 (6) / 0.4 kV." Vestnik IzhGTU imeni M.T. Kalashnikova 24, no. 4 (2021): 80–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.22213/2413-1172-2021-4-80-91.

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The rate of thermal aging of the power transformers windings insulation depends on the effects of the electric field, mechanical stresses, temperature and processes that cause changes in these factors. A calculation algorithm is considered that allows determining the temperature of the most heated point of the windings of an oil power transformer at known values of the load current and ambient temperature. Calculation of the most heated winding point temperature and the rate of thermal aging of insulation for an oil power transformer at different ambient temperatures during the year, different

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24

Yu, Wenmin, Ren Yu, and Jun Tao. "An Unsupervised Mutual Information Feature Selection Method Based on SVM for Main Transformer Condition Diagnosis in Nuclear Power Plants." Sustainability 14, no. 5 (2022): 2700. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14052700.

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Dissolved gas in oil (DGA) is a common means of monitoring the condition of an oil-immersed transformer. The concentration of dissolved gas and the ratio of different gases are important indexes to judge the condition of power transformers. Monitoring devices for dissolved gas in oil are widely installed in main transformers, but there are few recorded fault data of main transformers. The special operation and maintenance modes of main transformers leads to the fault modes particularity of main transformers. In order to solve the problem of insufficient samples and the feature uncertainty, thi

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25

Denmukhammadiev, A. M., D. T. Yusupov, Sh A. Shoyusupov, A. U. Djalilov, and O. A. Nazarov. "Diagnostics of power transformers operating for many years in the power supply system through gases in the composition of transformer oil." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2176, no. 1 (2022): 012064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2176/1/012064.

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Abstract Oiled power transformers and autotransformers 40-60 years ago are still in operation in Uzbekistan. At the same time, diagnostic methods for determining faults in transformers and autotransformers remained the same. This article partially analyzes the factors affecting the oils of power transformers and autotransformers used in the agricultural sector. It is known that transformer oil performs the functions of cooling and insulation. During use, the oil is in direct contact with air through the respiratory system. There is a process of transition of moisture and various gases in the c

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26

Wang, Lujia, Yutong Zhang, Ling Yang, et al. "FEM Simulation of FDS Response in Oil-Impregnated Paper Insulation of Current Transformers with Axial Aging Variation." Energies 18, no. 12 (2025): 3163. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18123163.

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The aging of oil-impregnated paper (OIP) insulation is one of the key factors influencing the service life of oil-immersed current transformers. Frequency domain spectroscopy (FDS), supported by mathematical models or simulation methods, is commonly used to evaluate insulation conditions. However, traditional aging models typically ignored significant aging differences between the transformer OIP head and straight sections caused by the axial temperature gradient. To address this limitation, an accelerated thermal aging experiment was performed on a full-scale oil-immersed inverted current tra

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27

Li, Guang Hua, Hong Lei Liu, and De Jian Wang. "Heat Transfer Model and Analysis of Oil-Immersed Electrical Transformers with Heat Pipe Radiator." Advanced Materials Research 516-517 (May 2012): 312–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.516-517.312.

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This paper has formulated a heat transfer model for analyzing the cooling properties of a heat pipe cooling device of oil-immersed electrical transformer. Based on the model, the oil temperature field of a 30 KVA oil-immersed transformer has been numerical simulated, and experiments also had been conducted. Results showed that the numerical simulation has good agreement with experiment results. Results also showed that heat pipe radiator is feasible for oil-immersed electrical transformer cooling. The model can be used to analyze the oil temperature distribution properties in an oil-immersed e

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Liu, Wei Jia, Xin Wang, Yi Hui Zheng, Li Xue Li, and Qing Shan Xu. "The Assessment of the Overload Capacity of Transformer Based on the Temperature Reverse Extrapolation Method." Advanced Materials Research 860-863 (December 2013): 2153–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.860-863.2153.

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The assessment of the overload capacity of transformer has a certain practical significance. In this paper, a temperature reverse extrapolation method is proposed to assess the overload capacity of transformer. Firstly, the top oil temperature is monitored by the online monitoring system. Secondly, the temperature distribution model and the calculation methods of hot spot temperature in the PTP7 (Power Transformers. Part 7: Loading guide for oil-immersed power transformers) guide are analyzed. Then, a new method called temperature reverse extrapolation which can calculate the overload factor o

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Mharakurwa, Edwell Tafara, and Rutendo Goboza. "Multiparameter-Based Fuzzy Logic Health Index Assessment for Oil-Immersed Power Transformers." Advances in Fuzzy Systems 2019 (December 13, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2647157.

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The health index scheme can be the most fundamental tool that unifies all transformer condition status information into a singular outcome, thereby enhancing the power transformer asset management and life longevity strategies. This study aims at establishing a multiple parameter-dependent transformer health index estimation model cascaded with a fuzzy logic inference system. This strategy is centered on the effect of dynamic loading regime, varying hotspot temperatures and multiple attesting results of the insulation system. Furthermore, a nonintrusive degree of polymerization (DP) model base

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Mehrabadi, Ahmad Karimi, Asaad Shemshadi, and Hossein Shateri. "An Alternative Approach for Oil-immersed High Voltage Power Transformer Dissolved Gas Analysis Diagnostic Techniques." ELEKTRIKA- Journal of Electrical Engineering 18, no. 2 (2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/elektrika.v18n2.123.

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This article presents alternative analyzing method of extracted dissolved gases related to insulating oil of power transformers. Analysis of soluble and free gas is one of the most commonly used troubleshooting methods for detecting and evaluating equipment damage. Although the analysis of oil-soluble gases is often complex, it should be expertly processed during maintenance operation. The destruction of the transformer oil will produce some hydrocarbon type gases. The development of this index is based on two examples of traditional evaluation algorithms along with fuzzy logic inference engin

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Ling, Jeeng Min, Ming Jong Lin, and Chao Tang Yu. "Transformer Fault Diagnosis with the Duval Triangle and Heuristic Techniques." Applied Mechanics and Materials 535 (February 2014): 157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.535.157.

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Dissolved gas analysis (DGA) is an effective tool for detecting incipient faults in power transformers. The ANSI/IEEE C57.104 standards, the most popular guides for the interpretation of gases generated in oil-immersed transformers, and the IEC-Duval triangle method are integrated to develop the proposed power transformer fault diagnosis method. The key dissolved gases, including H2, CH4, C2H2, C2H4, C2H6, and total combustible gases (TCG), suggested by ASTM D3612s instruction for DGA is investigated. The tested data of the transformer oil were taken from the substations of Taiwan Power Compan

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32

Guo, Zheng Wei, Xiang Li Liu, Xin Ju Guo, et al. "Research on Pressure Relief Technology of Main Transformer in 220KV Indoor Substation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 873 (November 2017): 279–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.873.279.

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Most indoor substations adopt oil-immersed transformers as voltage transformation device. In multiple disadvantage conditions, the flammable gases formed form transformer oil may explode in transformer room. Typical 220kV main transformer room of indoor substation was researched in this paper. An correlation of pressure relief area of the 220kV mail transformer room of indoor substation were presented based on the CFD tool FLACS modeling of the general designing schemes of the State Grid Corporation of China. This research may be used as reference of the pressure relief technology for main tra

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Peng, Qian, Kangkang Wang, Shengnan Hu, Ziqiu Luo, Jing Zhang, and Mengna Liu. "Experimental study on the low-temperature performance of transformer oil with different trace water content." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2351, no. 1 (2022): 012020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2351/1/012020.

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In oil-immersed transformers, the insulation performance of transformer oil is a key factor for the normal operation of transformers. In order to explore the performance of transformer oil under different micro-water content conditions in a low-temperature environment, this paper builds a low-temperature experimental platform with a minimum temperature of -50 °C and selects the commonly used 45# oil as the test oil. Four properties including conductivity and dielectric properties were tested. The research results show that the viscosity of transformer oil increases exponentially with the decre

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Barkas, Dimitris A., Stavros D. Kaminaris, Konstantinos K. Kalkanis, George Ch Ioannidis, and Constantinos S. Psomopoulos. "Condition Assessment of Power Transformers through DGA Measurements Evaluation Using Adaptive Algorithms and Deep Learning." Energies 16, no. 1 (2022): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16010054.

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Condition assessment for critical infrastructure is a key factor for the wellbeing of the modern human. Especially for the electricity network, specific components such as oil-immersed power transformers need to be monitored for their operating condition. Classic approaches for the condition assessment of oil-immersed power transformers have been proposed in the past, such as the dissolved gases analysis and their respective concentration measurements for insulating oils. However, these approaches cannot always correctly (and in many cases not at all) classify the problems in power transformer

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E. Gouda, Osama, Saber M. Saleh, and Salah Hamdy EL-Hoshy. "Power Transformer Incipient Faults Diagnosis Based on Dissolved Gas Analysis." TELKOMNIKA Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering 16, no. 3 (2015): 409. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/tijee.v16i3.1630.

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Incipient fault diagnosis of a power transformer is greatly influenced by the condition assessment of its insulation system oil and/or paper insulation. Dissolved gas-in-oil analysis (DGA) is one of the most powerfull techniques for the detection of incipient fault condition within oil-immersed transformers. The transformer data has been analyzed using key gases, Doernenburg, Roger, IEC and Duval triangle techniques. This paper introduce a MATLAB program to help in unification DGA interpretation techniques to investigate the accuracy of these techniques in interpreting the transformer conditio

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E. Gouda, Osama, Saber M. Saleh, and Salah Hamdy El-hoshy. "Power Transformer Incipient Faults Diagnosis Based on Dissolved Gas Analysis." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 1, no. 1 (2016): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v1.i1.pp10-16.

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Incipient fault diagnosis of a power transformer is greatly influenced by the condition assessment of its insulation system oil and/or paper insulation. Dissolved gas-in-oil analysis (DGA) is one of the most powerfull techniques for the detection of incipient fault condition within oil-immersed transformers. The transformer data has been analyzed using key gases, Doernenburg, Roger, IEC and Duval triangle techniques. This paper introduce a MATLAB program to help in unification DGA interpretation techniques to investigate the accuracy of these techniques in interpreting the transformer conditio

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Cui, Qi Ming, Shu Ting Cui, Zu Yuan Guan, and Wen Tao Sun. "Expert System Based on ESTA and Guide for Condition Evaluation of Transformers." Advanced Materials Research 347-353 (October 2011): 306–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.306.

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Through the application research of expert system shell ESTA, We have established a transformer condition evaluation expert system(ES) based on ESTA and corporate standards of State Grid (Q/GDW 169-2008) «Guide forCondition Evaluation of Oil-immersed Power Transformers (Reactors) ». Knowledge Base consists of several sections, parameters, rules in the evaluation of state variables, components and transformers. The value of the transformer condition evaluation expert system is that it supports and enhances the operation and maintenance personnel work, guidance (less experienced) the operation a

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Lu, Yun Cai, Li Wei, Wei Chao, and Wu Peng. "The New Development Trend of Distribution Transformer." Applied Mechanics and Materials 672-674 (October 2014): 831–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.672-674.831.

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Firstly, this paper introduces the development of new materials, new technology and new manufacture in power industry of China, energy-saving, low noise and smart distribution transformers are widely used in countryside power grid reconstruction. In this paper, application status and development trend of different types of distribution transformers were introduced and compared in terms of new material and new structure, such as oil-immersed distribution transformer, amorphous core transformer(AMT), dry-type transformer, SF6 insulated distribution transformer, composite transformer and other ty

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Wang, Yang, Dong Zhao, Yonggang Jia, et al. "Acoustic Sensors for Monitoring and Localizing Partial Discharge Signals in Oil-Immersed Transformers under Array Configuration." Sensors 24, no. 14 (2024): 4704. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24144704.

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Partial discharge (PD) is one of the major causes of insulation accidents in oil-immersed transformers, generating a large number of signals that represent the health status of the transformer. In particular, acoustic signals can be detected by sensors to locate the source of the partial discharge. However, the array, type, and quantity of sensors play a crucial role in the research on the localization of partial discharge sources within transformers. Hence, this paper proposes a novel sensor array for the specific localization of PD sources using COMSOL Multiphysics software 6.1 to establish

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Smajic, Jasmin, Roman Obrist, Martin Rüegg, et al. "Lightning impulse modeling and simulation of dry-type and oil-immersed power- and distribution transformers." Journal of Energy - Energija 63, no. 1-4 (2022): 235–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.37798/2014631-4183.

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This paper presents in detail numerical methods and techniques for lightning impulse (LI) modeling and simulation of power and distribution transformers. The modeling methods are based on equivalent circuits of transformer winding entities resulting from the initial winding discretization determined by the required accuracy. The parameters of the equivalent circuit such as resistances and self- and mutual capacitances and inductances are obtained from field simulations (FEM). The circuit equations of the transformer’s equivalent circuit written in the state space form yield a large system of d

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Li, Min, Bo Wang, Hengrui Ma, Fuqi Ma, Hongxia Wang, and Xiao Wang. "Adsorption Mechanisms of TM3 (TM = Mo, Ru, Au)-Decorated Tin Sulfide Monolayers for the Decomposition of Gas Components under Fault Conditions in Oil-Immersed Transformers." Molecules 29, no. 5 (2024): 934. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29050934.

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Oil-immersed transformers play a pivotal role owing to their environmentally friendly characteristics, compact footprint, and cost-effectiveness. Ensuring the online monitoring of oil-immersed transformers is a fundamental measure to ensure the secure and stable operation of modern power systems. In this paper, metal particle cluster-doped SnS is firstly used in the adsorption and sensing of decomposition components (CO, C2H2) under fault conditions in oil-immersed transformers. The study comprehensively analyzed band structure, differential charge density, density of states, and molecular orb

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Thungsuk, Nuttee, Narong Mungkung, Thaweesak Tanaram, et al. "The Characterization Analysis of the Oil-Immersed Transformers Obtained by Area Elimination Method Design." Applied Sciences 12, no. 8 (2022): 3970. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12083970.

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This study used the Area Elimination Method (AEM) of transformer design with transformer characteristic simulation. The multidimensional variable of physical parameters such as magnetic density, current density, voltage and coil turn was performed. This method was used in designing the 8000 kVA 22,000–3300/1905 V oil-type large distribution transformer. The result from a design found that the objective function tries to reduce the material to be used, and less core steel, less conductors, less transformer oil or less transformer tanks may cause an increasing load loss or increasing temperature

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Ohno, Takahiro, Masami Katayama, Toshitugu Ishii, and Hideo Tsukioka. "Decreasing Behavior of Acetylene in Oil-Immersed Transformers." IEEJ Transactions on Power and Energy 119, no. 1 (1999): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejpes1990.119.1_54.

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Zheng, Shuyu, Jianeng Zhao, Hongping Shao, Chuanhui Cheng, Ran Zhuo, and Zhiming Huang. "Simulation Analysis of Metallic Particles Movement in Typical Structure of Oil-immersed Power Transformer." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2731, no. 1 (2024): 012006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2731/1/012006.

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Abstract The insulation performance of oil-immersed power transformers is closely involved with the movement of metal particle impurities, and the movement characteristics of metal particles are not only influenced by the electric field, but also by the oil flow. In this paper, a solid-liquid two-phase flow simulation model was constructed, and the effect of electric field on the motion of metal particles was considered. Firstly, the validity of the simulation model was verified by using the experimentally observed motion of metal particles in the horizontal oil channel between parallel flat p

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Zou, Dexu, Jian Hao, Weiju Dai, Guochao Qian, Haoruo Sun, and Jing Xu. "Harmonic Current Effect on Vibration Characteristics of Oil-Immersed Transformers and Their Experimental Verification." Energies 18, no. 7 (2025): 1673. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18071673.

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Harmonic currents can intensify transformer vibrations, seriously threatening their mechanical stability and safe operation. Drawing upon this foundation, the present paper undertakes a thorough simulation and experimental investigation into the vibration characteristics of transformers under diverse harmonic current scenarios. Initially, a multi-field coupling model incorporating both “electromagnetic and structural forces” was developed to simulate and analyze how the vibration acceleration of a transformer is distributed under varying harmonic currents. Subsequently, a specialized transform

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Yang, Jianzhong, Hongduo Wu, Yue Yang, et al. "A Transformer Maintenance Interval Optimization Method Considering Imperfect Maintenance and Dynamic Maintenance Costs." Applied Sciences 14, no. 15 (2024): 6845. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14156845.

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As one of the most critical components of the power grid system, transformer maintenance strategy planning significantly influences the safe, economical, and sustainable operation of the power system. Periodic imperfect maintenance strategies have become a research focus in preventive maintenance strategies for large power equipment due to their ease of implementation and better alignment with engineering realities. However, power transformers are characterized by long lifespans, high reliability, and limited defect samples. Existing maintenance methods have not accounted for the dynamic chang

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Sutan Chairul, Imran, Sharin Ab Ghani, Norazhar Abu Bakar, Mohd Shahril Ahmad Khiar, Nor Hidayah Rahim, and Mohamad Nazri Mohamad Din. "Comparative study of moisture treatment techniques for mineral insulating oil." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 12, no. 6 (2023): 3256–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v12i6.5927.

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The presence of moisture is one of the factors that promote degradation of transformer insulating oils and deterioration of cellulose insulation materials in oil-immersed power transformers, which affect the lifespan of the transformers. Realizing the importance of moisture in transformer insulating oils, this study compares the effectiveness of three moisture treatment techniques nitrogen bubbling technique (NBT), molecular sieve technique (MST), and vacuum oven technique (VOT)) for mineral oil (MO). The moisture content and AC breakdown voltage of the MO samples before and after moisture tre

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Ghani, Sharin Ab, Mohd Shahril Ahmad Khiar, Imran Sutan Chairul, and Muhammad Imran Zamir. "Effect of repeated electrical breakdowns on mineral and natural ester insulating oils." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 10, no. 6 (2021): 2989–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v10i6.3258.

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Transformer insulating oils are exposed to repeated electrical discharge or breakdowns inside power transformers. Durability tests are conducted to analyze the ability of oil to resist decomposition due to such high electrical stresses. With the increasing demand for alternative insulating oils for oil-immersed transformers, it is worthy to compare the performance of different types of insulating oils (conventional mineral-based insulating oil and natural ester-based insulating oil) under repeated electrical breakdown. In this paper, the AC breakdown voltage of different mineral-based and natu

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CH, Hussaian Basha, T. Mariprasath, Shaik Rafi Kiran, and M. Murali. "An Experimental Analysis of Degradation of Cellulosic Insulating Material Immersed in Natural Ester Oil for Transformer." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (2022): 18957–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.18957ecst.

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The physical, chemical and electrical prosperities of MO is matched as an insulating material for transformer. Therefore, it can be used in transformers. Whereas, the MO is extracted from the fossil fuels. Due to vast consumption of fossil fuels, the accessibility of vestige fuel is going to run out near future. In addition, the MO (MO) is doesn’t meet the new environmental regulation due to it has less biodegradable. Therefore, this research proposed a new ecological friendly insulating oil for transformer which is renewable that of petroleum based insulating oil such as MO. Initially, a crit

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Novković, Marko, and Zoran Radaković. "Algorithm and software for shortening heat run test of oil-immersed power transformers." Tehnika 75, no. 4 (2020): 333–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/tehnika2003333n.

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One of the type tests on power transformers is heat run test, which checks that the characteristic winding and oil temperatures are below allowed values. This is necessary to prevent accelerated ageing and shortening of the transformer life if the temperatures are higher than the allowed values. In addition to the user's clear interest, manufacturers are also interested in the results of heat run tests, as they can verify and improve the accuracy of calculation methods and software [1]. Then they can increase the accuracy and reduce the safety margins of calculation methods, so they can change

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