Relevant bibliographies by topics / Oil extraction; Recovery

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Oil extraction; Recovery'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Oil extraction; Recovery"

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Ahmed, Reem, Chandra Mohan Sinnathambi, and Usama Eldmerdash. "N-Hexane, Methyl Ethyl Ketone and Chloroform Solvents for Oil Recovery from Refinery Waste." Applied Mechanics and Materials 699 (November 2014): 666–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.699.666.

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Considerable amount of oily waste is generated from petroleum refinery in Malaysia. A typical refinery produces about 40 tons of sludge per month. Disposing via land filling (common method) is becoming less accepted and more expensive. As a result, refineries and other facilities have accumulated large volumes of this waste in makeshift landfills or other storage areas. For this reason solvent extraction method has been selected for oil recovery and to minimize the solid waste. Three solvents (chloroform, MEK, and n-hexane) and two extraction methods (sludge–solvent mixing method , and Soxhlet apparatus) were applied to recover the oil from the refinery sludge. Soxhlet extraction method has shown higher efficiency in extraction than sludge-solvent mixing method. Soxhlet extraction method using MEK solvent can recover about 48.3 % of oil, as compared to mixing method which accounts to only about 32.5 % of recovered oil. It has an added recovery of about 7.1 %, 15.8 % and 5.7 % for n-hexane, MEK and chloroform solvents respectively. FTIR results confirmed that MEK has the highest capability to extract hydrocarbon from refinery waste.
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Merchan-Arenas, Diego R., and Cindy Carolina Villabona-Delgado. "Chemical-Enhanced Oil Recovery Using N,N-Dimethylcyclohexylamine on a Colombian Crude Oil." International Journal of Chemical Engineering 2019 (May 2, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5241419.

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Oil recovery was improved using the tertiary amine, N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine (DMCHA), a powerful and promissory switchable solvent, in simulated conditions similar to the Colombian crude oil reserves. Firstly, the Colombian crude oil (CCO) and the soil were characterized completely. Afterwards, an aged crude-rock system was obtained to use DMCHA that gave an oil crude extraction of 80% in our preliminary studies. Thus, a sand-pack column (soil-kaolin, 95 : 5) frame saturated with CCO was used to simulate the conditions, in which DMCHA could recover the oil. After the secondary recovery process, 15.4–33.8% of original oil in place (OOIP) is obtained. Following the injection of DMCHA, the recovery yield rose to 87–97% of OOIP. Finally, 54–60% of DMCHA was recovered and reinjected without affecting its potential in the simulated conditions.
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Tagle, Fabian R. "Automatic virgin coconut oil (VCO) extractor." MATEC Web of Conferences 192 (2018): 01045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819201045.

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Virgin coconut oil (VCO) is a vegetable oil extracted from coconut milk that undergone either of the following extraction method: natural fermentation method with heat or without heat, expelling method or centrifugation method. Research showed that the extraction of VCO using expelling method had the highest percent oil recovery with 88.35% and yield of 30-31% followed by centrifugation method with oil recovery of 86.62% and yield of 31% then natural fermentation method with 65.95% oil recovery and yield of 16.5-19%. Even with low percent oil recovery and yield, VCO producers here in the Philippines particularly in Quezon province still employs the natural fermentation among other extraction method of VCO due to its cost-effectivity. The natural fermentation method involves several manual scooping activities in removing the VCO from the other component of the coconut milk which also takes time of waiting for about 24 to 48 hours for the VCO to be fractioned from the coconut milk mixture. This research therefore, focused in improving the natural fermentation method by developing a machine that automatically extracts the VCO from the coconut milk with higher percent oil recovery and yield. The designed machine was evaluated based on its oil recovery, and yield with respect to the current method of extraction. Furthermore, the effects of temperature and maturity of coconut kernel to the machine’s capability of extracting the VCO were carried out. The tests conducted showed that the Automatic Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) Extractor had an oil recovery of 89.84%. The study also showed that the yield using the automatic extractor is 31.27%. It was also concluded that it is better to use the Automatic Virgin Coconut Extractor in the area with temperature of 35-37 °C and preferably good coconut kernel should be used for the extraction of VCO.
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Siregar, A. N., J. A. Ghani, C. H. C. Haron, M. Rizal, Z. Yaakob, and S. K. Kamarudin. "Comparison of oil press for jatropha oil – a review." Research in Agricultural Engineering 61, No. 1 (June 2, 2016): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/22/2013-rae.

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As petrol will soon be exhausted in the near future, Jatropha is going to be one of the substitute candidates for future biodiesel production. Countries of South-East Asia, such as Malaysia, they are going to start the establishment of Jatropha plantations assuming that Jatropha will be the main resource for biodiesel production. A press is commonly used to extract oils from Jatropha. An oil press can be manually driven or engine-powered. In this paper, we will review some available advances focused on mechanical extraction techniques, covering three types of press for Jatropha oil extraction. We have found that major points like operating principles, oil extraction levels, advantages and disadvantages of each press and important factors to increase oil recovery. Based on the study, three types of press are: ram press, which is ineffective; strainer press, which is able to produce more oil than others and cylinder-hole press, which is the best due to its capacity in extracting oil from Jatropha seeds for about 89.4% of oil yields.
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Gómez-Cruz, Irene, Cristóbal Cara, María del Mar Contreras, and Inmaculada Romero. "Recovery of Bioactive Compounds from Exhausted Olive Pomace." Proceedings 83, no. 1 (November 30, 2020): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iecbm2020-08582.

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Exhausted olive pomace (EOP) is a residue derived from the olive pomace oil industry. One of the main components of this agro-industrial residue is the extractive fraction which contains non-structural components such as bioactive compounds. In this work, different extraction methods, including green technologies, have been compared to evaluate the extraction of antioxidants from EOP: hydrothermal extraction, aqueous accelerated extraction, organosolv extraction, and extraction with aqueous salt solutions. The extracts obtained were characterized regarding the content of total phenols by the Folin–Ciocalteu method. After characterization, hydroxytyrosol was found to be one of the potential active compounds in EOP.
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Wejnerowska, Grażyna, and Anna Ciaciuch. "Optimisation of oil extraction from quinoa seeds with supercritical carbon dioxide with co-solvents." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 36, No. 1 (February 28, 2018): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/122/2017-cjfs.

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In the present work supercritical fluid extraction with carbon dioxide was performed to obtain oil from quinoa seeds. The effects of extraction variables – namely pressure, temperature, time, particle size, and co-solvent, on supercritical carbon dioxide extraction are investigated. Total extraction yields and compositions using pure CO<sub>2</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> + selected co-solvents are compared. The maximum recovery for quinoa oil is found to be about 89%, and is obtained when extractions are carried out at 25 MPa, 40°C for 80 minutes. A significant effect on the oil recovery is exerted by size reduction of seeds to a particle size ≤ 0.50 mm and addition of co-solvent to seed in an amount of 20% – methanol/ethanol (1 : 1, w/w). Irrespective of the extraction method and conditions, the fatty acid composition is not substantially changed.
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Fan, Jing Cun, Feng Chao Wang, Jie Chen, Yin Bo Zhu, De Tang Lu, He Liu, and Heng An Wu. "Molecular mechanism of viscoelastic polymer enhanced oil recovery in nanopores." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 6 (June 2018): 180076. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.180076.

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Polymer flooding is a promising chemical enhanced oil recovery (EOR) method, which realizes more efficient extraction in porous formations characterized with nanoscale porosity and complicated interfaces. Understanding the molecular mechanism of viscoelastic polymer EOR in nanopores is of great significance for the advancement of oil exploitation. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we investigated the detailed process of a viscoelastic polymer displacing oil at the atomic scale. We found that the interactions between polymer chains and oil provide an additional pulling effect on extracting the residual oil trapped in dead-end nanopores, which plays a key role in increasing the oil displacement efficiency. Our results also demonstrate that the oil displacement ability of polymer can be reinforced with the increasing chain length and viscoelasticity. In particular, a polymer with longer chain length exhibits stronger elastic property, which enhances the foregoing pulling effect. These findings can help to enrich our understanding on the molecular mechanism of polymer enhanced oil recovery and provide guidance for oil extraction engineering.
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ROSA, M. S. L., I. B. C. L. SILVA, N. T. M. ARAUJO, F. C. FIGUEIREDO, and J. R. SANTOS JUNIOR. "TREATMENT OF LUBRICATING OIL USED WITH THE USE OF SOLVENTS AND ADSORBENT MATERIALS." Periódico Tchê Química 15, no. 30 (August 20, 2018): 127–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v15.n30.2018.130_periodico30_pgs_127_138.pdf.

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The development of human activities in the industrial and transportat sectors has increased the contamination of water bodies by the release of used and contaminated lubricating oils used and contaminated (OLUC). To contain such contaminations, the process of re-refining the OLUC has been used worldwide to recover the base oil. Based on the literature, this process using the extraction and adsorption steps is effective, low cost, making the product able to enter the production chain again. So, this review highlights the recovery process of the base oil, from the extraction with solvent and adsorbent materials and the characterizations of the new oil, OLUC and oil recovered by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermal analysis.
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John W. Goodrum and Mary B. Kilgo. "Rapeseed Oil Recovery by CO2 Solvent: Recovery Kinetics and Extraction Model." Transactions of the ASAE 32, no. 2 (1989): 0727–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.31061.

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Taiwo, E. A., and J. A. Otolorin. "Oil Recovery from Petroleum Sludge by Solvent Extraction." Petroleum Science and Technology 27, no. 8 (June 19, 2009): 836–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10916460802455582.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Oil extraction; Recovery"

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Al-Hadhrami, Munira. "Investigations into heavy oil recovery by vapour extraction (VAPEX)." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/25004.

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It is anticipated that resources from extra-heavy oils and bitumen may resolve the expected future escalation in oil demand. Such oils are usually recovered by thermal methods, however these can be energy intensive, especially for reservoirs with thin net-pay or those bounded with large aquifers or gas caps. This is primarily due to excessive heat losses. On the other hand, VAPour EXtraction of heavy oil (VAPEX) is a more energy-efficient, economically attractive and pollution-free alternative, especially for these problematic scenarios. Despite all the potential benefits of this process, there are many uncertainties associated with the actual physics of the process. The question as to whether the oil drainage rates are sufficient for the mechanism to be economically feasible for field scale application remains unanswered. Prediction of field scale recovery factors by numerical simulation is challenging since a very fine grid is needed to ensure that the physical diffusion dominates the numerical diffusion and then to model the subsequent gravity drainage. Thus, there is a tendency to rely upon the Butler-Mokrys (1989) analytical equation to estimate oil rates. A further uncertainty in field scale application, which has only been investigated in a few studies, is the impact of geological heterogeneity on the process, since this can influence the solvent-oil dispersive mixing as well as the shape of the solvent chamber. This research first investigated the oil drainage rates with VAPEX by performing a series of laboratory experiments in both homogenous and heterogeneous systems (including layered and single discontinuous shales). All experiments were performed in well-characterized glass bead packs using glycerol and ethanol as analogues of heavy oil and solvent, respectively. The porous medium and fluid properties were measured independently. The experimentally measured rates were compared to the estimates derived from the Butler-Mokrys (1989) analytical model. In addition, numerical simulations were performed to validate whether the physical diffusion boundaries were captured correctly. Our experiments revealed that the Butler-Mokrys analytical model substantially underestimated the drainage rates in all cases, even when the effects of convective dispersion and end-point density difference were factored in. Results from the heterogeneous models further suggested that layering may not reduce VAPEX oil drainage rates significantly. The performance in systems with layers and discontinuous shale barriers, however, was less than in homogenous models with higher or equivalent permeabilities. The numerical simulations, therefore, under-predicted the physical oil drainage rates, although the pattern of solvent-oil distribution was correctly captured. The research was then extended from lab-scale experiments to field-scale numerical investigations, using a fine grid, high resolution model with realistic petro-physical properties. The solvent-oil PVT were based on real field properties. Three key criteria were examined: the oil production rates and the recovery factors that it is possible to achieve; the full range of static parameters influencing VAPEX, and; identification of the most sensitive parameters (i.e. reservoir thickness (h), vertical permeability (kv/kh) and average arithmetic permeability). In addition, we compared the performance of VAPEX against Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD). These, field scale numerical simulations revealed that VAPEX oil extraction rates incorporating diffusional mixing alone were insufficient for the mechanism to be feasible. Although incorporating single-well tracer test (SWTT) dispersivities into the numerical simulations significantly improved the recovery rates, they still remained unacceptably low.
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Balland, Philippe. "The solenoidal finite element method and reservoir simulation." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260727.

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Palmier, Cédric. "Oil Mobility Estimation and Recovery Optimization." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BOR30053/document.

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L’objectif général de cette thèse était d’améliorer l’utilisation des éléments de diagnostic des sites pollués par des hydrocarbures légers. En particulier, il s’agissait : • De valider la méthode d’estimation de la mobilité de l’huile dans le sol, en milieu hétérogène, appelée bail-down test. Et de définir quelle méthode d’interprétation est la plus adaptée. • Comprendre l’impact des variations de hauteur de nappe sur l’épaisseur d’huile mesurée dans les puits de surveillance et sur la mobilité de l’huile. Dans un premier temps, des simulations de bail-down tests ont été réalisées en laboratoire, sur un pilote radial, remplie d’une matrice homogène. Puis, un grand nombre de tests réalisés sur un terrain d’étude, a été interprété. Ces travaux ont permis de confirmer la validité des bail-down tests pour estimer la mobilité de l’huile dans le milieu. L’hypothèse principale pour expliquer la validité de ces tests, alors que les hypothèses théoriques ne sont à priori pas respectées lors des essais, réside dans la faible mobilité de l’huile liée à une viscosité élevée. Dans un deuxième temps, l’impact des variations de nappes a été suivi par des mesures manuelles et automatiques sur le terrain d’étude, pendant plusieurs mois. Ce suivi a permis de décrire de manière précise cet impact, qui est différent pour un hydrocarbure en nappe libre, ou en milieu confiné. Par ailleurs, un modèle a été développé et testé pour simuler les variations d’épaisseur d’huile en fonction des hauteurs de nappe. Ce modèle permet d’estimer l’épaisseur et la position de l’huile dans la formation, ainsi que sa conductivité hydraulique. Les conclusions de cette étude apportent des éléments importants pour améliorer les phases d’investigation de site pollués par des hydrocarbures légers, et pour optimiser l’utilisation des données collectées. Enfin, confirmant l’impact significatif des variations de nappe sur les épaisseurs d’huile dans les puits et en montrant la validité des bail-down tests pour estimer la mobilité de l’huile, cette étude montre la nécessité de baser le dimensionnement des réseaux d’extraction des hydrocarbures, non pas sur l’épaisseur, mais sur la mobilité du produit
The overall objective of this thesis was to improve the use of investigation data from contaminated site with light hydrocarbons. In particular, this work focused on: • To confirm the validity of the method to estimate the oil mobility in the formation, for heterogeneous conditions, called bail-down test. And, to define which interpretation method is the most relevant. • To understand the impact of the groundwater table variations on the oil thickness in the monitoring wells, and on its mobility. First, bail-down test simulations were performed at laboratory scale, on a radial pilot, filled with homogeneous sand. Then, a significant number of tests were performed on a studied site and interpreted. This work allowed to confirm the bail-down test validity for estimating the oil mobility in the formation. The key assumption to explain why these tests are valid whereas some of the assumptions and boundary conditions are not met during the tests, is based on the low mobility of the oil due to its viscosity. Secondly, the impact of the groundwater table variations has been manually and automatically measured on the studied site, during months. These measurements allowed to describe in detail the impact, which is different between confined and non-confined oil conditions. In addition, a model has been proposed and tested to simulate oil thickness depending on groundwater table level. This model allowed to estimate the thickness and the position of the oil in the formation, and its hydraulic conductivity. Overall, this study gives key elements to improve the investigation phase of site contaminated with light hydrocarbons, and to optimize the use of the collected data. Last, confirming the significant impact of the groundwater table fluctuation on the oil thickness and the validation of the bail-down test to estimate the oil mobility, this study shows the need to consider the oil mobility rather than the oil thickness for designing an oil recovery project
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Bottone, Anna. "Analyzing microplastics in soils : Evaluating canola oil extractions." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-165179.

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Small fragments of artificial polymers (microplastics, MPs) has been reported for multiple environmental matrices from our planet. The omnipresent existence of these microplastics even in remote polar areas have raised concern about their potential environmental impacts and created a need for effective and standardized analytical methods targeting their detection in environmental samples. So far, no methods have been developed for detecting microplastics in organic-rich soils. In this master thesis, I evaluate two analytical methods (both based on canola oil extractions) targeting microplastics in two contrasting soil matrices; one mineral rich (sandy mineral soil from a Podzol) and the other by organic matter (sample from a Histosol). I hypothesize that the detection of microplastic has a bias that depends on specific plastic particle properties (size, polymer type and morphology) as well as on the organic content of soil samples. My results show that the recovery of added plastics is strongly dependent on particle size and diminishes with decreasing microplastics length. This result was repeated by both extraction approaches.  Polymer shape and soil characteristics (organic matter content) affect MPs recovery if oil extractions are conducted without pre-treatment (oxidation) step. Here, fibers proved most difficult to detect and low recoveries suggested that the method was not applicable to organic rich samples. The addition of a pretreatment step including oxidation with sodium hypochlorite improved recoveries for organic rich samples and removed the effect of soil type and polymer shape. Hence, the use of a pretreatment is essential to extract MPs from organic-rich soils, but it also decreases the overall recovery for all type of studied polymers and mostly fibers. My study suggests that there is a substantial bias when detecting MPs in soils that is causing a general underestimation, especially for small, fibrous particles in organic rich soils.
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Alkindi, Abdullah Saleh Mansoor. "Experimental and numerical investigation of the vapour extraction (VAPEX) process for heavy oil recovery." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/11234.

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Orire, Endurance. "The techno-economics of bitumen recovery from oil and tar sands as a complement to oil exploration in Nigeria / E. Orire." Thesis, North-West University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/5704.

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The Nigeria economy is wholly dependent on revenue from oil. However, bitumen has been discovered in the country since 1903 and has remained untapped over the years. The need for the country to complement oil exploration with the huge bitumen deposit cannot be overemphasized. This will help to improve the country's gross domestic product (GDP) and revenue available to government. Bitumen is classifled as heavy crude with API (American petroleum Institute) number ranging between 50 and 110 and occurs in Nigeria, Canada, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela etc from which petroleum products could be derived. This dissertation looked at the Canadian experience by comparing the oil and tar sand deposit found in Canada with particular reference to Athabasca (Grosmont, Wabiskaw McMurray and Nsiku) with that in Nigeria with a view of transferring process technology from Canada to Nigeria. The Nigeria and Athabasca tar sands occur in the same type of environment. These are the deltaic, fluvial marine deposit in an incised valley with similar reservoir, chemical and physical properties. However, the Nigeria tar sand is more asphaltenic and also contains more resin and as such will yield more product volume during hydro cracking albeit more acidic. The differences in the components (viscosity, resin and asphaltenes contents, sulphur and heavy metal contents) of the tar sands is within the limit of technology adaptation. Any of the technologies used in Athabasca, Canada is adaptable to Nigeria according to the findings of this research. The techno-economics of some of the process technologies are. x-rayed using the PTAC (petroleum technology alliance Canada) technology recovery model in order to obtain their unit cost for Nigeria bitumen. The unit cost of processed bitumen adopting steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD), in situ combustion (ISC) and cyclic steam stimulation (CSS) process technology is 40.59, 25.00 and 44.14 Canadian dollars respectively. The unit cost in Canada using the same process technology is 57.27, 25.00 and 61.33 Canadian dollars respectively. The unit cost in Nigeria is substantively lesser than in Canada. A trade off is thereafter done using life cycle costing so as to select the best process technology for the Nigeria oil/tar sands. The net present value/internal rate of return is found to be B$3,062/36.35% for steam assisted gravity drainage, B$I,570124.51 % for cyclic steam stimulation and B$3,503/39.64% for in situ combustion. Though in situ combustion returned the highest net present value and internal rate of return, it proved not to be the best option for Nigeria due to environmental concern and response time to production. The best viable option for the Nigeria tar sand was then deemed to be steam assisted gravity drainage. An integrated oil strategy coupled with cogeneration using MSAR was also seen to considerably amplify the benefits accruable from bitumen exploration; therefore, an investment in bitumen exploration in Nigeria is a wise economic decision.
Thesis (M.Ing. (Development and Management))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010.
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Romuli, Sebastian [Verfasser]. "Process optimisation of oil and protein recovery from Jatropha curcas L. seeds in terms of hulling, shelling and mechanical extraction for improved efficiency and product quality / Sebastian Romuli." Aachen : Shaker, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1149278633/34.

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Khalfalla, Hamza Abdulmagid. "Modelling and optimisation of oxidative desulphurization process for model sulphur compounds and heavy gas oil : determination of rate of reaction and partition coefficient via pilot plant experiment : modelling of oxidation and solvent extraction processes : heat integration of oxidation process : economic evaluation of the total process." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4247.

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Heightened concerns for cleaner air and increasingly more stringent regulations on sulphur content in transportation fuels will make desulphurization more and more important. The sulphur problem is becoming more serious in general, particularly for diesel fuels as the regulated sulphur content is getting an order of magnitude lower, while the sulphur contents of crude oils are becoming higher. This thesis aimed to develop a desulphurisation process (based on oxidation followed by extraction) with high efficiency, selectivity and minimum energy consumption leading to minimum environmental impact via laboratory batch experiments, mathematical modelling and optimisation. Deep desulphurization of model sulphur compounds (di-n-butyl sulphide, dimethyl sulfoxide and dibenzothiophene) and heavy gas oils (HGO) derived from Libyan crude oil were conducted. A series of batch experiments were carried out using a small reactor operating at various temperatures (40-100 °C) with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as oxidant and formic acid (HCOOH) as catalyst. Kinetic models for the oxidation process are then developed based on 'total sulphur approach'. Extraction of unoxidised and oxidised gas oils was also investigated using methanol, dimethylformamide (DMF) and N-methyl pyrolidone (NMP) as solvents. For each solvent, the 'measures' such as: the partition coefficient (KP), effectiveness factor (Kf) and extractor factor (Ef) are used to select the best/effective solvent and to find the effective heavy gas oil/solvent ratios. A CSTR model is then developed for the process for evaluating viability of the large scale operation. It is noted that while the energy consumption and recovery issues could be ignored for batch experiments these could not be ignored for large scale operation. Large amount of heating is necessary even to carry out the reaction at 30-40 °C, the recovery of which is very important for maximising the profitability of operation and also to minimise environmental impact by reducing net CO2 release. Here the heat integration of the oxidation process is considered to recover most of the external energy input. However, this leads to putting a number of heat exchangers in the oxidation process requiring capital investment. Optimisation problem is formulated using gPROMS modelling tool to optimise some of the design and operating parameters (such as reaction temperature, residence time and splitter ratio) of integrated process while minimising an objective function which is a coupled function of capital and operating costs involving design and operating parameters. Two cases are studied: where (i) HGO and catalyst are fed as one feed stream and (ii) HGO and catalyst are treated as two feed streams. A liquid-liquid extraction model is then developed for the extraction of sulphur compounds from the oxidised heavy gas oil. With the experimentally determined KP multi stage liquid-liquid extraction process is modelled using gPROMS software and the process is simulated for three different solvents at different oil/solvent ratios to select the best solvent, and to obtain the best heavy gas oil to solvent ratio and number of extraction stages to reduce the sulphur content to less than 10 ppm. Finally, an integrated oxidation and extraction steps of ODS process is developed based on the batch experiments and modelling. The recovery of oxidant, catalyst and solvent are considered and preliminary economic analysis for the integrated ODS process is presented.
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Qiu, Longhui. "Effect of oil sands slurry conditioning on bitumen recovery from oil sands ores." Master's thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10048/1520.

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The effect of slurry conditioning on bitumen recovery and bitumen froth quality has been studied by using three oil sands ores tested with a laboratory hydrotransport extraction system (LHES) and a Denver flotation cell. Tests with the LHES show that an increase in slurry conditioning time yielded a lowered bitumen recovery for a long flotation time (30 min). Longer slurry conditioning time led to a better bitumen froth quality regardless of flotation time. However the over conditioning could be compensated by higher conditioning temperatures and higher slurry flow velocities. Tests with the Denver flotation cell show that the increase in slurry conditioning time resulted in a higher bitumen recovery and a better bitumen froth quality for both good and poor processing ores for a shorter flotation time of 5 min. For a longer flotation time of 20 min, increasing slurry conditioning time had little impact on bitumen recovery but led to a slightly better bitumen froth quality for the good processing ore whereas no effect on bitumen froth quality of the poor processing ore. Results also show that higher slurry temperatures and stronger mechanical energy input were beneficial to both bitumen recovery and bitumen froth quality for all three oil sands ores tested on both devices.
Chemical Engineering
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James, Lesley. "Mass Transfer Mechanisms during the Solvent Recovery of Heavy Oil." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/4478.

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Canada has the second largest proven oil reserves next to Saudi Arabia which is mostly located in Alberta and Saskatchewan but is unconventional heavy oil and bitumen. The tar sands are found at the surface and are mined, yet 80% of the 173 billion barrels of heavy oil and bitumen exist in-situ according to the Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers (CAPP). Two factors inhibit the economic extraction and processing of Canadian heavy oil; its enormous viscosity ranging from 1000 to over 1 million mPa.s and the asphaltene content (high molecular weight molecules containing heavy metals and sulphur). Heavy oil and bitumen were only included in the reserves estimates through the efforts of Canadian enhanced oil recovery (EOR) research. Viscosity reduction is the one common element of in-situ methods of heavy oil recovery with the exception of cold production. Currently, steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) and cyclic steam stimulation (CSS) are being used commercially in the field where the oil’s viscosity is reduced by injecting steam. Thermal methods are energy intensive requiring vast volumes of water such that any improvement would be beneficial. Solvent extraction is one alternative requiring no water, the solvent is recoverable and reusable, and depending on the mode of operation the heavy oil is upgraded in-situ. Vapour Extraction (VAPEX) and enhanced solvent extraction (N-SolvTM) are two such methods. VAPEX and N-Solv reduce the bitumen’s viscosity via mass transfer and a combination of mass and heat transfer, respectively. A light hydrocarbon solvent (instead of steam) is injected into an upper horizontal well where the solvent mixes with the heavy oil, reduces its viscosity and allows the oil to drain under gravity to a bottom production well. The idea of using solvents for heavy oil extraction has been around since the 1970s and both VAPEX and N-Solv are patented processes. However, there is still much to be learned about how these processes physically work. Research to date has focused on varying system parameters (including model dimensions, permeability, heavy oil viscosity, solvent type and injection rate, etc.) to observe the effect on oil production from laboratory scale models. Based on an early mass balance model by Butler and Mokrys (1989) and an improvement by Das (1995), molecular diffusion alone cannot account for the produced oil rates observed from laboratory models. Until recently, very little progress had been made towards qualifying and quantifying the mass transfer mechanisms with the exception of the diffusivity of light hydrocarbons in heavy oil. Mass transfer can only be by diffusion and convection. Differentiating and quantifying the contribution of each is complex due to the nature and viscosity of the oil. The goal of this thesis is to investigate the mass transfer mechanisms during the solvent recovery of heavy oil. Quantifying the diffusion of light hydrocarbon solvents has been an active topic of research with limited success since the mid 1990’s. The experimental approach presented here focused on capturing the rate of solvent mass transfer into the bitumen by measuring the bitumen swelling and the butane uptake independently. Unlike early pressure decay methods, the pressure is held constant to not violate the assumed equilibrium solvent concentration at the interfacial boundary condition. The high solubility of solvent in heavy oil complicates the physical modeling because simplifying assumptions of a constant diffusion coefficient, constant density and a quiescent liquid should not be used. The model was developed from first principles to predict the bitumen swelling. The form of the concentration dependent diffusivity was assumed and the diffusivity coefficients initially guessed. The swelling (moving boundary) was fixed by defining a new dimensionless space coordinate and the set of partial differential equations solved using the method of lines. Using the non-linear regression (lsqnonlin) function in MATLAB®, optimising for the difference in predicted and experimentally found bitumen heights and independently validating the result using the solvent uptake, the diffusivity of butane in heavy oil (at 25oC) was found to be Dsb = 4.78 x 10-6ωs + 4.91 x 10-6 cm2/s where ωs is the solvent mass fraction. Diffusion alone has proven inadequate in predicting oil recovery rates from laboratory scale models. It is logical to assume that convective mass transfer plays a role at mixing the solvent and bitumen while draining via gravity through the reservoir porous matrix. Solvent extraction experiments were conducted in etched glass micromodels to observe the pore scale phenomena. The pore scale mechanisms were found to differ depending on how the solvent extraction was operated, with non-condensing (VAPEX) or condensing (N-SolvTM) solvent. Observations show increased convective mixing and an increased rate of interface advancement when the solvent condenses on the bitumen surface. Evidence of trapped butane vapour being mobilised with the draining live oil and a technique of observing solvent extraction using UV light confirm that the draining live oil is on average one pore deep. While the interface appears from a distance to be uniform, at the pore scale it is not. Live oil can drain from one to two pores via capillary displacement mechanisms in one section of the interface and via film flow only in another area (James and Chatzis 2004; James et al. 2008). This work also shows the detrimental impact of having a non-condensable gas present during solvent extraction (James and Chatzis 2008). In summary, this work emphasises the mass transfer and drainage displacement mechanisms of non-condensing (VAPEX) and condensing (N-Solv) solvent extraction methods of heavy oil recovery.
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Books on the topic "Oil extraction; Recovery"

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Guidelines for submission of a pre-disturbance assessment and conservation & reclamation plan (PDA/C&R Plan): Under an Environmental Protection and Enhancement Act approval for an enhanced recovery in-situ oil sands and heavy oil processing plant and oil production site. [Edmonton]: Alberta Environment, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Oil extraction; Recovery"

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Abdul Aziz, Mustafa Kamal, Takayuki Okayama, Ryota Kose, Noor Azian Morad, Noor Baini Nabila Muhamad, Mohd Rizuan Bin Mansor, and Freddie Panau. "Green Extraction Process for Oil Recovery Using Bioethanol." In Green Technologies for the Oil Palm Industry, 57–70. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2236-5_3.

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Prado, Juliana M., Priscilla C. Veggi, Moysés N. Moraes, and Giovani L. Zabot. "Supercritical Fluid Extraction for the Recovery of Edible Oils." In Edible Oils, 71–98. Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2017. | Series: Contemporary food engineering: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315152493-5.

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Cunha, Vânia Maria Borges, Marcilene Paiva da Silva, Wanessa Almeida da Costa, Mozaniel Santana de Oliveira, Fernanda Wariss Figueiredo Bezerra, Anselmo Castro de Melo, Rafael Henrique Holanda Pinto, Nelio Teixeira Machado, Marilena Emmi Araujo, and Raul Nunes de Carvalho Junior. "Carbon Dioxide Use in High-Pressure Extraction Processes." In Carbon Dioxide Chemistry, Capture and Oil Recovery. InTech, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.71151.

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Sinha, Ragini, Anil Kumar Singh, Kuldeep Bauddh, Tilak Raj Sharma, and Pallavi Sharma. "Phytomining: a sustainable approach for recovery and extraction of valuable metals." In Phytorestoration of Abandoned Mining and Oil Drilling Sites, 487–506. Elsevier, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-821200-4.00013-3.

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Batchelor, Tony, and Robin Curtis. "Geothermal energy." In Energy... beyond oil. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199209965.003.0005.

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The term ‘geothermal energy’ describes all forms of heat stored within the Earth. The energy is emitted from the core, mantle, and crust, with a large proportion coming from nuclear reactions in the mantle and crust. It is estimated that the total heat content of the Earth, above an assumed average surface temperature of 15◦C, is of the order of 12.6×1024 MJ, with the crust storing 5.4×1021 MJ (Armstead, 1983). Based on the simple principle that the ‘deeper you go the hotter it gets’, geothermal energy is continuously available anywhere on the planet. The average geothermal gradient is about 2.5–3◦C per 100 metres but this figure varies considerably; it is greatest at the edges of the tectonic plates and over hot spots–where much higher temperature gradients are present and where electricity generation from geothermal energy has been developed since 1904. Geothermal energy is traditionally divided into high, medium, and low temperature resources. Typically, temperatures in excess of 150◦C can be used for electricity generation and process applications. Medium temperature resources in the range 40◦C to 150◦ C form the basis for ‘direct use’ i.e. heating only, applications such as space heating, absorption cooling, bathing (balneology), process industry, horticulture, and aquaculture. The low-temperature resources obtainable at shallow depth, up to 100–300 metres below ground surface, are tapped with heat pumps to deliver heating, cooling, and hot water to buildings. The principles of extracting geothermal energy, in applications ranging from large scale electrical power plants to smallscale domestic heating, are illustrated in Fig. 3.1. Geothermal energy can be utilized over a temperature range from a few degrees to several hundred degrees, even at super critical temperatures. The high temperature resources, at depth, are typically ‘mined’ and are depleted over a localized area by extracting the in situ groundwaters and, possibly, re-injecting more water to replenish the fluids and extract more heat. Although natural thermal recovery occurs, this does not happen on an economically useful timescale.
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Lou, Der-Chyuan, Jiang-Lung Liu, and Hao-Kuan Tso. "Evolution of Information-Hiding Technology." In Information Security and Ethics, 144–54. IGI Global, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-937-3.ch010.

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Information-hiding technology is an ancient art and has existed for several centuries. In the past, messages could easily be intercepted because there was no technology of secret communication. Hence, a third party was able to read the message easily. This was all changed during 440 B.C., that is, the Greek Herod’s era. The Greek historian Herodotus in his writing of histories stated that Demaratus was the first person who used the technique of information hiding. Demaratus, a Greek who lived in Persia, smuggled a secret message to Sparta under the cover of wax. The main intent was to warn Sparta that Xerxes, king of Persia, was planning an invasion on Greece by using his great naval fleet. He knew it would be very difficult to send the message to Sparta without it being intercepted. Hence, he came up with the idea of using a wax tablet to hide the secret message. In order to hide the secret message, he removed all the wax from the tablet, leaving only the wood underneath. He then wrote the secret message into the wood and recovered the tablet with the wax. The wax covered his message to make the wax tablet look like a blank one. Demaratus’ message was hidden and never discovered by the Persians. Hence, the secret message was sent to Sparta successfully. Greece was able to defeat the invading Persians by using the secret message. Another example of information hiding was employed by another Greek named Histaiaeus. Histaiaeus wanted to instigate a revolt against the Persian king and had to deliver a secret message about the revolt to Persia. He came up with the shaved-head technique. Histaiaeus decided to shave the head of his most trusted slave and then tattooed the secret message on his bald scalp. When the hair grew back, the secret message was covered, and then Histaiaeus ordered the slave to leave for Persia. When the slave reached his destination, his head was shaved, showing the secret message to the intended recipient. Around 100 A.D., transparent inks made it into the secret field of information hiding. Pliny discovered that the milk of the thithymallus plant could easily be used as transparent ink. If a message was written with the milk, it would soon evaporate and left no residue. It seemed that the message was completely erased. But once the completely dried milk was heated, it would begin to char and turned to a brown color. Hence, the secret message could be written on anything that was not too flammable. The reason it turned brown was because the milk was loaded with carbon, and when carbon was heated, it tended to char. Information hiding became downfallen and won no respect until World Wars I and II. Invisible inks, such as milk, vinegar, fruit juices, and urine, were extensively used during the wars. All of them would darken when they were heated. The technology was quite simple and noticeable. Furthermore, World War II also brought about two inventions of new technologies. The first one was the invention of the microdot technology. The microdot technology was invented by the Germans to convey secret messages to their allies. The microdot was basically a highly detailed picture shrunk to about the size of a period or dot, which permitted hiding large amounts of data into the little microdot. By using a microscope, the hidden message would be revealed. The Germans would put their dots into their letters, and they were almost undetectable to the naked eye. The other technology was the use of open-coded messages. For open-coded messages, certain letters of each word were used to spell out the secret message. Open-coded messages used normal words and messages to write the buffer text that hid the message. Because they seemed normal, they often passed the check of security. For example, the following message was a common example of open-coded messages and was actually sent by a German spy during World War II. Apparently neutral’s protest is thoroughly discounted and ignored. Isman hard hit. Blockade issue affects pretext for embargo on by-products, ejecting suets and vegetable oils. By extracting the second letter in each word, the secret message was revealed: Pershing sails from NY June 1. This technique was effective because it could pass through the check of security and was easy for someone to decode (Johnson, Duric, & Jajodia, 2001; Katzenbeisser & Petitcolas, 2000; Schaefer, 2001). The technologies mentioned here are different ways of information hiding in different eras. With the development of computer technology, it is becoming hard for the third party to discover the secret message.
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Conference papers on the topic "Oil extraction; Recovery"

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Kar, Taniya, and Berna Hascakir. "Effective Extraction of Green River Oil Shale via Combustion." In SPE Improved Oil Recovery Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/179610-ms.

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Tsau, Jyun-Syung, Ly Huong Bui, and G. Paul Willhite. "Swelling/Extraction Test of a Small Sample Size for Phase Behavior Study." In SPE Improved Oil Recovery Symposium. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/129728-ms.

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Leung, Juliana Yuk Wing. "Scale-up of Effective Mass Transfer in Vapor Extraction Process for Heterogeneous Reservoirs." In SPE Improved Oil Recovery Symposium. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/153862-ms.

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Stape, Philip, Cesar Ovalles, and Berna Hascakir. "Pore Scale Displacement Mechanism of Bitumen Extraction with High Molecular Weight Hydrocarbon Solvents." In SPE Improved Oil Recovery Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/179608-ms.

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Morrow, Anderson Wiley, Albina Mukhametshina, Denis Aleksandrov, and Berna Hascakir. "Environmental Impact of Bitumen Extraction with Thermal Recovery." In SPE Heavy Oil Conference-Canada. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/170066-ms.

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Siagian, Ucok W. R., and Reid B. Grigg. "The Extraction of Hydrocarbons from Crude Oil by High Pressure CO2." In SPE/DOE Improved Oil Recovery Symposium. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/39684-ms.

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Sood, Arun, and Subodh Gupta. "Hydrocarbon Recovery Using a Convective Solvent Extraction Process." In SPE Canada Heavy Oil Technical Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/189776-ms.

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Smith, Richard James, Steven W. Meier, Neal Leon Adair, Arnold P. Kushnick, Sergio Adrian Leonardi, Eric Herbolzheimer, David P. Yale, and Jianlin Wang. "Slurrified Heavy Oil Reservoir Extraction (SHORE): A non-thermal, recovery method." In SPE Heavy Oil Conference-Canada. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/165498-ms.

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H. Zainee, A., A. Alkindi, and A. Muggeridge. "Investigations into Oil Recovery and Drainage Rates During Vapour Extraction (VAPEX) of Heavy Oils." In IOR 2011 - 16th European Symposium on Improved Oil Recovery. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201404757.

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Hazra, K. G., K. J. Lee, C. E. Economides, and G. Moridis. "Comparison of Heating Methods for In-situ Oil Shale Extraction." In IOR 2013 - 17th European Symposium on Improved Oil Recovery. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20142631.

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Reports on the topic "Oil extraction; Recovery"

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Sethl, V. K., R. M. Satchwell, and L. A. Jr Johnson. Surface process study for oil recovery using a thermal extraction process. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10189645.

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