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Journal articles on the topic 'Oil coalescence'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

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1

Xu, Danyun, Ling Zhu, Ziyu Yang, Jiale Gao, and Man Jin. "Parameter Optimization of Catering Oil Droplet Electrostatic Coalescence under Coupling Field with COMSOL Software." Atmosphere 13, no. 5 (May 12, 2022): 780. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13050780.

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At present, the common cooking fume purification devices are mostly based on electrostatic technology. There are few researches on the microscopic process of coalescence and electric field parameters’ optimization. In this paper, COMSOL MultiphysicsTM was used to simulate the electrostatic coalescence of oil droplets in the coupling field of an electric field and flow field. The degree of deformation of oil droplets (D) and the starting coalescence time (tsc) were used to evaluate the coalescence process. The feasibility of the model was verified through experimental results. The effects of voltage, flow speed and oil droplet radius on tsc were investigated, and the parameters were optimized by the response surface method and Matrix correlation analysis. It can be concluded that increasing the voltage, flow speed and oil droplet radius appropriately would be conducive to the coalescence of oil droplets. When the oil droplet radius was in the range of 0–1.5 mm, it promoted the coalescence of oil droplets. The influence of various factors on oil droplet coalescence was flow speed > voltage > oil droplet radius. The optimal result obtained by simulation was that when the radius of the oil droplet was 1.56 mm, the voltage 12 kV and the flow speed 180 mm/ms, the shortest coalescence time of oil droplets was 16.8253 ms.

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2

Zhang, Lei, Zhong Min Wang, Hai Tao Ma, Wei Gang Wang, and Jun Jie Yang. "The Reorganization Coalescence Oil-Removing Device and the Effect of Treating Polymer Flooding Produced Liquid." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 1994–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.1994.

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In view of problem of the coalescence material jam and the demulsification lower by using the Coalescence oil-removing device which was using to treat high viscosity polymer flooding. The novel Coalescence oil-removing device was developed through the optimization of coalescence material and reasonable backwashing system designing, which can realize coalescence material regeneration and improve oil strains of coalescence effect. At the condition that polymer concentration was 426mg/L, pH=8.75, average oil was 365mg/L, suspended solid (SS) was 75mg/L; The oil of effluent can reach 50mg/L below, removal rate reached 86%; SS of the out water can reach 30mg / L, the removal rate reached 60%.

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3

Chen, Shuai, Jiadao Wang, Chaolang Chen, and Awais Mahmood. "Understanding the coalescence and non-coalescence of underwater oil droplets." Chemical Physics 529 (January 2020): 110466. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemphys.2019.110466.

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4

Anand, Vikky, Subhankar Roy, Vijay M. Naik, Vinay A. Juvekar, and Rochish M. Thaokar. "Electrocoalescence of a pair of conducting drops in an insulating oil." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 859 (November 26, 2018): 839–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2018.849.

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The effect of an electric field on the coalescence of two water drops suspended in an insulating oil is investigated. We report four new results. (i) The cone angle for the non-coalescence of drops can be significantly smaller (as small as $19^{\circ }$) than the value of $30.8^{\circ }$ reported by Bird et al. (Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 103 (16), 2009, 164502). (ii) A surprising observation of the dependence of the mode of coalescence/non-coalescence on the type of insulating oil is seen. A cone–cone mode for silicone oil is observed as against cone–dimple mode for castor oil. (iii) The critical capillary number for non-coalescence decreases with increase in the conductivity of the droplet phase. (iv) Systematic experiments prove that the apparent bridge during non-coalescence is indeed transitory and not permanent, as reported elsewhere. Theoretical calculations using analytical theory and the boundary integral method explain the formation of the cone–dimple mode as well as the transitory bridge length. The numerical calculation and thereby the physical mechanism to explain the occurrence of very small non-coalescence angles as well as the dependence of the phenomenon on the conductivity of the insulating oil and the water droplets remain unexplained.

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5

Taboada, Martha, Nico Leister, Heike Karbstein, and Volker Gaukel. "Influence of the Emulsifier System on Breakup and Coalescence of Oil Droplets during Atomization of Oil-In-Water Emulsions." ChemEngineering 4, no. 3 (August 3, 2020): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemengineering4030047.

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Spray drying of whey protein-based emulsions is a common task in food engineering. Lipophilic, low molecular weight emulsifiers including lecithin, citrem, and mono- and diglycerides, are commonly added to the formulations, as they are expected to improve the processing and shelf life stability of the products. During the atomization step of spray drying, the emulsions are subjected to high stresses, which can lead to breakup and subsequent coalescence of the oil droplets. The extent of these phenomena is expected to be greatly influenced by the emulsifiers in the system. The focus of this study was therefore set on the changes in the oil droplet size of whey protein-based emulsions during atomization, as affected by the addition of low molecular weight emulsifiers. Atomization experiments were performed with emulsions stabilized either with whey protein isolate (WPI), or with combinations of WPI and lecithin, WPI and citrem, and WPI and mono- and diglycerides. The addition of lecithin promoted oil droplet breakup during atomization and improved droplet stabilization against coalescence. The addition of citrem and of mono- and diglycerides did not affect oil droplet breakup, but greatly promoted coalescence of the oil droplets. In order to elucidate the underlying mechanisms, measurements of interfacial tensions and coalescence times in single droplets experiments were performed and correlated to the atomization experiments. The results on oil droplet breakup were in good accordance with the observed differences in the interfacial tension measurements. The results on oil droplet coalescence correlated only to a limited extent with the results of coalescence times of single droplet experiments.

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6

Barman, Jitesh, Arun Kumar Nagarajan, and Krishnacharya Khare. "Controlled electro-coalescence/non-coalescence on lubricating fluid infused slippery surfaces." RSC Advances 5, no. 128 (2015): 105524–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra21936a.

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7

Leister, Nico, and Heike Petra Karbstein. "Determination of the Dominating Coalescence Pathways in Double Emulsion Formulations by Use of Microfluidic Emulsions." Processes 11, no. 1 (January 11, 2023): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11010234.

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In water-in-oil-in-water (W1/O/W2) double emulsions several irreversible instability phenomena lead to changes. Besides diffusive processes, coalescence of droplets is the main cause of structural changes. In double emulsions, inner droplets can coalesce with each other (W1–W1 coalescence), inner droplets can be released via coalescence (W1–W2 coalescence) and oil droplets can coalesce with each other (O–O coalescence). Which of the coalescence pathways contributes most to the failure of the double emulsion structure cannot be determined by common measurement techniques. With monodisperse double emulsions produced with microfluidic techniques, each coalescence path can be observed and quantified simultaneously. By comparing the occurrence of all possible coalescence events, different hydrophilic surfactants in combination with PGPR are evaluated and discussed with regard to their applicability in double emulsion formulations. When variating the hydrophilic surfactant, the stability against all three coalescence mechanisms changes. This shows that measuring only one of the coalescence mechanisms is not sufficient to describe the stability of a double emulsion. While some surfactants are able to stabilize against all three possible coalescence mechanisms, some display mainly one of the coalescence mechanisms or in some cases all three mechanisms are observed simultaneously.

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8

Liu, Shasha, Hengming Zhang, and Shiling Yuan. "Hydrophilic Silica Nanoparticles in O/W Emulsion: Insights from Molecular Dynamics Simulation." Molecules 27, no. 23 (December 1, 2022): 8407. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27238407.

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Previous studies have been carried out on the effect of silica nanoparticles (SNPs) on the stability of oil–water emulsions. However, the combining configuration of SNPs and oil droplets at the molecular level and the effect of SNP content on the coalescence behavior of oil droplets cannot be obtained through experiments. In this paper, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was performed to investigate the adsorption configuration of hydrophilic SNPs in an O/W emulsion system, and the effect of adsorption of SNPs on coalescence of oil droplets. The simulation results showed: (i) SNPs adsorbed on the surface of oil droplets, and excessive SNPs self-aggregated and connected by hydrogen bonds. (ii) Partially hydrophilic asphaltene and resin molecules formed adsorption configurations with SNPs, which changed the distribution of oil droplet components. Furthermore, compared with hydrophobic asphaltene, the hydrophilic asphaltene was easier to combine with SNPs. (iii) SNPs would extend the oil droplet coalescence time, and the π–π stacking structures were formed between asphaltene and asphaltene or resin molecules to enhance the connection between oil droplets during the oil droplet contact process. (iv) Enough SNPs tightly wrapped around the oil droplet, similar to the formation of a rigid film on the surface of an oil droplet, which hindered the contact and coalescence of components between oil droplets.

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9

Wang, Fei, Lin Wang, Guoding Chen, and Donglei Zhu. "Numerical Simulation of the Oil Droplet Size Distribution Considering Coalescence and Breakup in Aero-Engine Bearing Chamber." Applied Sciences 10, no. 16 (August 14, 2020): 5648. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10165648.

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In order to improve the inadequacy of the current research on oil droplet size distribution in aero-engine bearing chamber, the influence of oil droplet size distribution with the oil droplets coalescence and breakup is analyzed by using the computational fluid dynamics-population balance model (CFD-PBM). The Euler–Euler equation and population balance equation are solved in Fluent software. The distribution of the gas phase velocity field and the volume fraction of different oil droplet diameter at different time are obtained in the bearing chamber. Then, the influence of different initial oil droplet diameter, air, and oil mass flow on oil droplet size distribution is discussed. The result of numerical analysis is compared with the experiment in the literature to verify the feasibility and validity. The main results provide the following conclusions. At the initial stage, the coalescence of oil droplets plays a dominant role. Then, the breakup of larger diameter oil droplet appears. Finally, the oil droplet size distribution tends to be stable. The coalescence and breakup of oil droplet increases with the initial diameter of oil droplet and the air mass flow increasing, and the oil droplet size distribution changes significantly. With the oil mass flow increasing, the coalescence and breakup of oil droplet has little change and the variation of oil droplet size distribution is not obvious.

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10

Kalogianni, Eleni P., Despoina Georgiou, and Stylianos Exarhopoulos. "Olive oil droplet coalescence during malaxation." Journal of Food Engineering 240 (January 2019): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2018.07.017.

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11

Boyson, T. K., and R. M. Pashley. "A study of oil droplet coalescence." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 316, no. 1 (December 2007): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2007.08.039.

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12

Wang, Yiting, Lijuan Qian, Zhongli Chen, and Fang Zhou. "Coalescence of Binary Droplets in the Transformer Oil Based on Small Amounts of Polymer: Effects of Initial Droplet Diameter and Collision Parameter." Polymers 12, no. 9 (September 9, 2020): 2054. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12092054.

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In engineering applications, the coalescence of droplets in the oil phase dominates the efficiency of water-oil separation. To improve the efficiency of water-oil separation, many studies have been devoted to exploring the process of water droplets colliding in the oil phase. In this paper, the volume of fluid (VOF) method is employed to simulate the coalescence of water droplets in the transformer oil based on small amounts of polymer. The influences of the initial diameter and collision parameter of two equal droplets on droplet deformation and coalescence time are investigated. The time evolution curves of the dimensionless maximum deformation diameter of the droplets indicate that the larger the droplet diameter, the more obvious the deformation from central collisions. As the collision parameter increases, the contact area of the two droplets, as well as the kinetic energy that is converted into surface energy, decreases, resulting in an increase in droplet deformation. Furthermore, the effects of the initial droplet diameter and collision parameter on coalescence time are also investigated and discussed. The results reveal that as the initial droplet diameter and collision parameter increase, the droplet coalescence time increases.

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13

Taboada, Martha L., Doll Chutani, Heike P. Karbstein, and Volker Gaukel. "Breakup and Coalescence of Oil Droplets in Protein-Stabilized Emulsions During the Atomization and the Drying Step of a Spray Drying Process." Food and Bioprocess Technology 14, no. 5 (February 19, 2021): 854–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11947-021-02606-1.

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AbstractThe goal of this study was to investigate the changes in oil droplet size in whey protein–stabilized emulsions during the atomization and the subsequent drying step of a spray drying process. For this purpose, experiments were performed in an atomization rig and a pilot spray dryer with two commercial pressure swirl atomizers. By comparing the oil droplet size before atomization, after atomization, and after spray drying, the changes in oil droplet size during each process step were quantified. The effect of oil droplet breakup during atomization was isolated by atomizing emulsions with 1 wt.% oil content and a protein to oil concentration ratio of 0.1. At 100 bar, the Sauter mean diameter of oil droplet size was reduced from 3.13 to 0.61 μm. Directly after breakup, coalescence of the oil droplets was observed for emulsions with a high oil content of 30 wt.%, leading to a droplet size after atomization of 1.15 μm. Increasing the protein to oil concentration ratio to 0.2 reduced coalescence during atomization and oil droplets with a mean diameter of 0.92 μm were obtained. Further coalescence was observed during the drying step: for an oil content of 30 wt.% and a protein to oil concentration ratio of 0.1 the mean droplet size increased to 1.77 μm. Powders produced at high oil contents showed a strong tendency to clump. Comparable effects were observed for a spray drying process with a different nozzle at 250 bar. The results confirm that droplet breakup and coalescence during atomization and coalescence during drying have to be taken into consideration when targeting specific oil droplet sizes in the product. This is relevant for product design in spray drying applications, in which the oil droplet size in the powder or after its redispersion determines product quality and stability.

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14

Roy, Subhankar, Vikky Anand, and Rochish M. Thaokar. "Breakup and non-coalescence mechanism of aqueous droplets suspended in castor oil under electric field." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 878 (September 19, 2019): 820–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2019.665.

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The effect of an electric field on the coalescence of two water droplets suspended in an insulating oil (castor oil) in the non-coalescence regime is investigated. Unlike the immediate breakup of the bridge, as reported in earlier studies, e.g. Ristenpart et al. (Nature, vol. 461 (7262), 2009, pp. 377–380), the non-coalescence observed in our experiments indicate that at strong fields the droplets exhibit a tendency to coalesce, the intervening bridge thickens whereafter the bridge dramatically begins to thin, initiating non-coalescence. Numerical simulations using the boundary integral method are able to explain the physical mechanism of thickening of this bridge followed by thinning and non-coalescence. The underlying reason is the competing meridional and azimuthal curvatures which affect the pressure inside the bridge to become either positive or negative under the effect of electric field induced Maxwell stresses. Velocity and pressure profiles confirm this hypothesis and we are able to predict this behaviour of transitory coalescence followed by non-coalescence.

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15

Sterling, M. C., R. L. Autenrieth, J. S. Bonner, C. B. Fuller, C. A. Page, T. Ojo, and A. N. S. Ernest. "Dispersant Effectiveness and Toxicity—An Integrated Approach." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2003, no. 1 (April 1, 2003): 335–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2003-1-335.

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ABSTRACT An integrated approach to study chemical dispersant effectiveness and dispersed oil toxicity is presented. Conventional lab scale effectiveness tests generally provide a measure of overall dispersant effectiveness. However, chemical dispersion can be viewed as two processes: (1) dispersant-oil slick mixing and (2) oil droplet transport into the water column. Inefficiencies in either process limit the overall dispersant effectiveness. This laboratory study centered on the latter process and was conducted to focus on the impacts of water column hydrodynamics on the resurfacing of dispersed oil droplets. Using a droplet coalescence model (Sterling et al., 2002), the droplet coalescence rates of dispersed crude oil was determined within a range of shear rates. A controlled shear batch reactor was created in which coalescence of dispersed oil droplets were monitored in-situ. Experimental dispersion efficiencies (C/C0) and droplet size distributions were compared to those predicted by Stokes resurfacing. Experimental C/C0 values were lower than that predicted from Stokes resurfacing. Experimental dispersion efficiency values (C/C0) decreased linearly with increasing mean shear rates due to increased coalescence rates. These results suggested that dispersed oil droplet coalescence in the water column can adversely impact overall dispersant efficiency. To avoid high control mortality in toxicity testing, the toxicity exposure chamber was designed with separate compartments for scaled mixing and organism exposure, respectively. Chamber design includes continuous re-circulation between mixing and exposure chamber. A 1-minute exposure compartment residence time was determined from tracer studies indicating virtually identical oil concentrations in the mixing and exposure compartments. In addition, the 96-hour mortality of 14-day oil Menidia beryllina varied from 2% in the no-oil control tests to 87% in the dispersed oil (200 mg/L) tests. These results show the effectiveness of the integrated vessel for the characterization and toxicity testing of oil dispersions.

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16

Leister, Nico, Chenhui Yan, and Heike Petra Karbstein. "Oil Droplet Coalescence in W/O/W Double Emulsions Examined in Models from Micrometer- to Millimeter-Sized Droplets." Colloids and Interfaces 6, no. 1 (February 8, 2022): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/colloids6010012.

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Water-in-oil-in-water (W1/O/W2) double emulsions must resist W1–W1, O–O and W1–W2 coalescence to be suitable for applications. This work isolates the stability of the oil droplets in a double emulsion, focusing on the impact of the concentration of the hydrophilic surfactant. The stability against coalescence was measured on droplets ranging in size from millimeters to micrometers, evaluating three different measurement methods. The time between the contact and coalescence of millimeter-sized droplets at a planar interface was compared to the number of coalescence events in a microfluidic emulsion and to the change in the droplet size distributions of micrometer-sized single and double emulsions. For the examined formulations, the same stability trends were found in all three droplet sizes. When the concentration of the hydrophilic surfactant is reduced drastically, lipophilic surfactants can help to increase the oil droplets’ stability against coalescence. This article also provides recommendations as to which purpose each of the model experiments is suited and discusses advantages and limitations compared to previous research carried out directly on double emulsions.

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17

Botti, Tálita Coffler, Anthony Hutin, Erick Quintella, and Marcio S. Carvalho. "Effect of interfacial rheology on drop coalescence in water–oil emulsion." Soft Matter 18, no. 7 (2022): 1423–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1sm01382c.

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Relationship between the coalescence of water drops in oil containing Span 80 with the viscoelastic properties of the interface: beyond the CMC, a solid-like interface is formed which prevents the coalescence.

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18

Ayirala, Subhash C., Ali A. Al-Yousef, Zuoli Li, and Zhenghe Xu. "Water Ion Interactions at Crude-Oil/Water Interface and Their Implications for Smart Waterflooding in Carbonates." SPE Journal 23, no. 05 (July 31, 2018): 1817–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/183894-pa.

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Summary Smart waterflooding (SWF) through tailoring of injection-water salinity and ionic composition is receiving favorable attention in the industry for both improved and enhanced oil recovery (EOR) in carbonate reservoirs. Surface/intermolecular forces, thin-film dynamics, and capillary/adhesion forces at rock/fluid interfaces govern crude-oil liberation from pores. On the other hand, stability and rigidity of oil/water interfaces control the destabilization of interfacial film to promote coalescence between released oil droplets and to improve the oil-phase connectivity. As a result, the dynamics of oil recovery in smart waterflood is caused by the combined effect of favorable interactions occurring at both oil/brine and oil/brine/rock interfaces across the thin film. Most of the laboratory studies reported so far have been focused on only studying the interactions at rock/fluid interfaces. However, the other important aspect of characterizing water ion interactions at the crude oil/water interface and their impact on film stability and oil-droplet coalescence remains largely unexplored. A detailed experimental investigation was conducted to understand the effects of different water ions at the crude-oil/water interface by using several instruments such as Langmuir trough, interfacial shear rheometer, Attension tensiometer, and coalescence time-measurement apparatus. The reservoir crude oil and four different water recipes with varying salinities and individual ion concentrations were used. Interfacial tension (IFT), interface pressures, compression energy, interfacial viscous and elastic moduli, oil-droplet crumpling ratio, and coalescence time between crude-oil droplets are the major experimental data measured. The IFTs are found to be the largest for deionized (DI) water, followed by the 10-times-reduced-salinity seawater and 10-times-reduced-salinity seawater enriched with sulfates. Interfacial pressures gradually increased with compressing surface area for all the brines and DI water. The compression energy (integration of interfacial pressure over the surface-area change) is the highest for DI water, followed by the lower-salinity brine containing sulfate ions, indicating rigid interfaces. The transition times of interfacial layer to become elastic-dominant from viscous-dominant structures are found to be much shorter for brines enriched with sulfates, once again confirming the rigidity of interface. The crumpling ratios (oil drop wrinkles when contracted) are also higher with the two recipes of DI water and sulfates-only brine to indicate the same trend and to confirm elastic rigid skin at the interface. The coalescence time between oil droplets was the least in brines containing sufficient amounts of magnesium and calcium ions, while the highest in DI water and sulfate-rich brine, respectively. These results, therefore, showed a good correlation of coalescence times with the rigidity of oil/water interface, as interpreted from different measurement techniques. This study, thereby, integrates consistent results obtained from different measurement techniques at the crude-oil/water interface to demonstrate the importance of both salinity and certain ions, such as magnesium and calcium, on crude-oil-droplets coalescence, and to improve oil-phase connectivity in smart waterflood.

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19

Feng, Silong, Shihan Wu, Yudong Li, Xiuna Yang, Ying Yu, Yiqian Liu, and Hao Lu. "Enhanced Coalescence of Fine Droplets by Medium Coalescence under an Electric Field." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, no. 1 (January 2, 2023): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11010071.

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As more and more oilfields enter later stages of extraction, demulsification of water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions with high water content has become a challenging problem. To upgrade the current offshore oil treatment process, a compact and efficient demulsification treatment is highly desirable. In this paper, a novel enhanced treatment combining a direct current (DC) electric field and medium coalescence was proposed. Based on this idea, an electric-medium demulsifier was also designed for deep purification of W/O emulsions. The effects of operating conditions, emulsions characteristics and medium bed parameters on demulsification performance were investigated. The enhanced treatment showed better performance compared to electrostatic demulsification and medium coalescence alone, and was especially suitable for treating emulsions with strong emulsification. In short, at U = 3 kV, the demulsification efficiency increased by approximately 30% compared to that at U = 0 kV. This research provided a new approach for the treatment of W/O emulsions that has the advantages of wide operational flexibility, a tolerance for deteriorated characteristics and a rapid and thorough treatment process.

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20

Yeung, A., K. Moran, J. Masliyah, and J. Czarnecki. "Shear-induced coalescence of emulsified oil drops." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 265, no. 2 (September 2003): 439–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9797(03)00531-9.

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21

Sokolovic, Dunja, Dragan Govedarica, and Radmila Secerov-Sokolovic. "Influence of fluid properties and solid surface energy on efficiency of bed coalescence." Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly 24, no. 3 (2018): 221–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq170304034s.

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Emulsion separation is important in industry due to economic, safety, and ecological reasons. It can be applied in liquid-liquid extraction, effluent treatment, heat exchange, and fuel and chemical purification. In case of both oil-in-water and water-in-oil emulsions, regardless of their quantity and phase concentration, bed coalescence is a good and economical solution for separation. Due to the complexity of the bed coalescence phenomenon, the coalescer design relies on the base of the experimental test. The design strategy of a coalescer to separate oils of different quality in time is additionally complicated. This paper presents a literature review on the current understanding of the influence of properties of both liquids and surface phenomena of filter media on emulsion separation efficiency using steady-state bed coalescence. The influence of oil viscosity, interfacial tension, density, molecular weight, emulsivity and dielectric constant of mineral oil is presented. The effect of solid surface roughness and wettability on separation efficiency is also elaborated.

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22

Hu, Cui, Xiaoming Zou, Jia Liu, Shucong Zhang, Yi Feng, and Xiangfeng Huang. "A novel application of modified bamboo charcoal to treat oil-containing wastewater and its modified mechanism." Water Science and Technology 70, no. 12 (November 7, 2014): 1992–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2014.446.

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Three conventional coalescence filters including walnut shells (WS), polystyrene resin particles (PR), and quartz sand (QS) were compared with bamboo charcoal (BC) to treat oily wastewater in a coalescence system process. The results showed the order of oil removal efficiency was QS>BC>WS>PR. To improve the oil removal efficiency of BC further, six types of modified BC were prepared. The results showed that the modified BC using silane coupling agent (SCA) significantly increased oil removal efficiency, but the other types (including the use of NaOH, HNO3, H2O2, FeCl3 and ultrasound) of modified BC exhibited nearly the same level of efficiency as that of pure BC. Infra-red, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and the contact angle for modified BC were measured to reveal the modified mechanism. It was found that the higher oil removal efficiency of the SCA-modified BC occurred due to the changed crystal structure of the BC and the increase in its surface hydrophobicity, which resulted in higher oil removal efficiency. Therefore, modified bamboo charcoal is an attractive filter candidate for oil removal in a coalescence system process.

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23

Peng, Ye, Tao Liu, Haifeng Gong, and Xianming Zhang. "Review of the Dynamics of Coalescence and Demulsification by High-Voltage Pulsed Electric Fields." International Journal of Chemical Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2492453.

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The coalescence of droplets in oil can be implemented rapidly by high-voltage pulse electric field, which is an effective demulsification dehydration technological method. At present, it is widely believed that the main reason of pulse electric field promoting droplets coalescence is the dipole coalescence and oscillation coalescence in pulse electric field, and the optimal coalescence pulse electric field parameters exist. Around the above content, the dynamics of high-voltage pulse electric field promoting the coalescence of emulsified droplets is studied by researchers domestically and abroad. By review, the progress of high-voltage pulse electric field demulsification technology can get a better understanding, which has an effect of throwing a sprat to catch a whale on promoting the industrial application.

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24

Nam, Youngsuk, Donghyun Seo, Choongyeop Lee, and Seungwon Shin. "Droplet coalescence on water repellant surfaces." Soft Matter 11, no. 1 (2015): 154–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4sm01647e.

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25

Morse, Andrew J., Sin-Ying Tan, Emma C. Giakoumatos, Grant B. Webber, Steven P. Armes, Seher Ata, and Erica J. Wanless. "Arrested coalescence behaviour of giant Pickering droplets and colloidosomes stabilised by poly(tert-butylaminoethyl methacrylate) latexes." Soft Matter 10, no. 31 (2014): 5669–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4sm00801d.

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26

Wang, Zhen, Ming Hu Jiang, Ping Tao Hou, Qing Jiao Sheng, and Li Xin Zhao. "Numerical Simulation of a Helical Pipe Coalescence Device." Advanced Materials Research 516-517 (May 2012): 1062–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.516-517.1062.

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A model of coalescing helical pipe is established through the analysis to the oil phase in continuous water phase inside a helical pipe, by using Fluent software. The influence of structural parameters and operation parameters of helical pipes on oil droplet coalescing effect is verified. Results show that the oil drop coalescing effect increases with the rise of gyration radius and number of turns of helical pipe, and decreases with the rise of the helical pipe diameter and inlet velocity.

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27

Fingas, Merv. "OIL SPILL DISPERSION STABILITY AND OIL RE-SURFACING." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2008, no. 1 (May 1, 2008): 661–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2008-1-661.

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ABSTRACT This paper summarizes the data and the theory of oil-in-water emulsion stability resulting in oil spill dispersion re-surfacing. There is an extensive body of literature on surfactants and interfacial chemistry, including experimental data on emulsion stability. The phenomenon of resurfacing oil is the result of two separate processes: de stabilization of an oil-in-water emulsion and desorption of surfactant from the oil-water interface which leads to further de stabilization. The de stabilization of oil-in-water emulsions such as chemical oil dispersions is a consequence of the fact that no emulsions are thermodynamically stable. Ultimately, natural forces move the emulsions to a stable state, which consists of separated oil and water. What is important is the rate at which this occurs. An emulsion is said to be kinetically stable when significant separation (usually considered to be half or 50% of the dispersed phase) occurs outside of the usable time. There are several forces and processes that result in the destabilization and resurfacing of oil-in-water emulsions such as chemically dispersed oils. These include gravitational forces, surfactant interchange with water and subsequent loss of surfactant to the water column, creaming, coalescence, flocculation, Ostwald ripening, and sedimentation. Gravitational separation is the most important force in the resurfacing of oil droplets from crude oil-in-water emulsions such as dispersions. Droplets in an emulsion tend to move upwards when their density is lower than that of water. Creaming is the de stabilization process that is simply described by the appearance of the starting dispersed phase at the surface. Coalescence is another important de stabilization process. Two droplets that interact as a result of close proximity or collision can form a new larger droplet. The result is to increase the droplet size and the rise rate, resulting in accelerated de stabilization of the emulsion. Studies show that coalescence increases with increasing turbidity as collisions between particles become more frequent. Another important phenomenon when considering the stability of dispersed oil, is the absorption/desorption of surfactant from the oil/water interface. In dilute solutions, much of the surfactant in the dispersed droplets ultimately partitions to the water column and thus is lost to the dispersion process. This paper provides a summary of the processes and data from some experiments relevant to oil spill dispersions.

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Šećeov Sokolović, R. M., S. M. Sokolović, S. N. Šević, and D. Mihajlović. "Influence of Oil Properties on Bed Coalescence Efficiency." Separation Science and Technology 31, no. 15 (September 1996): 2089–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01496399608001032.

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Miller, D. J., and R. Böhm. "Optical studies of coalescence in crude oil emulsions." Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 9, no. 1 (February 1993): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0920-4105(93)90023-8.

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Abasova Inara. "DEVELOPMENT OF A PROCESS CONTROL SYSTEM FOR DYNAMIC SEDIMENT OF OIL EMULSION." World Science 1, no. 3(43) (March 31, 2019): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_ws/31032019/6399.

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Using heat balance and geometric features of horizontal cylindrical sedimentation, a new method and algorithm for controlling the dynamic sediment of emulsified water drops of oil emulsion have been developed. The mechanism of oil emulsion dynamic sediment on the proposed method is that the redistribution of the flow contributes to the cyclic change in the flow rate of the oil emulsion in the settling apparatus and the oscillatory motion (compression and expansion) of the intermediate emulsion layers, leading to the destruction of armoring casings, coalescence of emulsified water drops and transfer mechanical impurities into water cushion of the settling apparatus, as a result of which the quality of commercial oil increases (the content of water and mineral salts decrease in the prepared oil) and the risk of flooding the settling apparatus decreases. In the settling apparatus, where the volume of the oil emulsion is greater than the average value, the intermediate emulsion layer expands, the kinetic energy increases, and it increases the efficiency of collisions between the drops, leading to the destruction of the armoring casings and coalescence of the drops. When the volume is less than the average value, the intermediate emulsion layer is compressed, the distance between the drops decreases, leading to a coalescence of the drops and an increase in the efficiency of oil preparation.

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Sokolovic, S., R. Secerov-Sokolovic, and S. Sevic. "Two-Stage Coalescer for Oil/Water Separation." Water Science and Technology 26, no. 9-11 (November 1, 1992): 2073–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0664.

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Many different types of coalescers are used for separation of oil-in-water dispersion. The investigated results of a newly developed two stage coalescer are given in this work. The proposed designofthis coalescer includes two independent stages which are set in the same coalescer body. Expanded polystyrene granules are being used in the first stage. By using this coalescent material, gravity separation and the large oil droplets, coalescence processes are at the same time being insured. The second stage of this new type of coalescer uses polyurethane foam. The surface of this layer has been previously oiled. the proposed two stage coalescer has been tested for different type of oily wastewaters. A high loaded oilywastewater has been treatedby the new coalescer separator in the field In a one year working period, a mean oil separation efficiency has been higher than 98 %. The proposed coalescer can be use for suspended solids separation at the same time. Mean separation efficiency has been 85% duringthe field test.

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Rozynek, Z., R. Bielas, and A. Józefczak. "Efficient formation of oil-in-oil Pickering emulsions with narrow size distributions by using electric fields." Soft Matter 14, no. 24 (2018): 5140–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8sm00671g.

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We propose a new bulk approach to fabricating Pickering emulsions. We used electric fields not only to facilitate coalescence but also to manipulate surface particles and to induce droplet rotation, each contributed to formation of stable particle-covered droplets.

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Thayee Al-Janabi, Omer Yasin, Miran Sabah Ibrahim, Ibrahim F. Waheed, Amanj Wahab Sayda, and Peter Spearman. "Breaking water-in-oil emulsion of Northern Iraq’s crude oil using commercial polymers and surfactants." Polymers and Polymer Composites 28, no. 3 (August 13, 2019): 187–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967391119868118.

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Water (W) and oil (O) normally mix during production and while passing through valves and pumps to form a persistent water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion, which is a serious restriction in oil production and transporting and refining processes. The objective of this work is to treat emulsions of two crude oil samples labeled KD1 and DGH2 using commercial polymers and surfactants which are also known as demulsifiers. Hydrophile–lipophile balance (HLB) in the demulsifier structure has demonstrated a great effect on breaking W/O emulsion. Emulsion breakers with low HLB value showed better reduction in the dynamic IFT, high diffusivity at the W/O interface, and accelerated coalescence of water droplets. Concomitantly, high emulsion temperatures were found to reduce the interfacial film viscosity and accelerate water droplets coalescence. A maximum water separation efficiency (WSE) of 97% was achieved in the case of KD1 and 88% for DGH2, and using a (1:1) polymer blend demulsifier further increased WSE to 99% after 100 min.

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R. Otazo, Mariela, Rob Ward, Graeme Gillies, Reuben S. Osborne, Matt Golding, and Martin A. K. Williams. "Aggregation and coalescence of partially crystalline emulsion drops investigated using optical tweezers." Soft Matter 15, no. 31 (2019): 6383–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9sm01137d.

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Peng, Ye, Tao Liu, Haifeng Gong, Jingshu Wang, and Xianming Zhang. "Effect of pulsed electric field with variable frequency on coalescence of drops in oil." RSC Advances 5, no. 40 (2015): 31318–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra01357g.

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Luo, Shirui, Jarrod Schiffbauer, and Tengfei Luo. "Effect of electric field non-uniformity on droplets coalescence." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 18, no. 43 (2016): 29786–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cp06085d.

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Zinurov, Vadim, Ilnar Sharipov, Oksana Dmitrieva, and Ilnur Madyshev. "The experimental study of increasing the efficiency of emulsion separation." E3S Web of Conferences 157 (2020): 06001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202015706001.

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The aim of this research paper is to compare the operation efficiency of two types of coalescents: insert, made of high porous material and flat baffles. For this purpose, the method of physical experiment was applied. This research paper shows that the use of them in the settling tank allows to increase the efficiency and velocity of water-oil emulsion separation with an increase of oil concentration in the original mixture from 15 up to 25%. The experimental studies also show that the most effective coalescers are the baffles, than the inserts, made of highly porous cellular material, due to the fact that the cells are quickly clogged with heavy oil components, which leads to a more complex flow structure through them, therefore, the process of mixing oil and water compounds is intensified and prevails over the coalescence process. The velocity of oil-water emulsion separation when using the inserts, made of highly porous cellular material, and baffles in comparison with the settling tank without inserts, increases on average by 10.9 and 14.5%.

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Shi, Yi, Jiaqing Chen, and Zehao Pan. "Experimental Study on the Performance of a Novel Compact Electrostatic Coalescer with Helical Electrodes." Energies 14, no. 6 (March 20, 2021): 1733. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14061733.

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As most of the light and easy oil fields have been produced or are nearing their end-life, the emulsion stability is enhanced and water cut is increasing in produced fluid which have brought challenges to oil–water separation in onshore and offshore production trains. The conventional solution to these challenges includes a combination of higher chemical dosages, larger vessels and more separation stages, which often demands increased energy consumption, higher operating costs and larger space for the production facility. It is not always feasible to address the issues by conventional means, especially for the separation process on offshore platforms. Electrostatic coalescence is an effective method to achieve demulsification and accelerate the oil–water separation process. In this paper, a novel compact electrostatic coalescer with helical electrodes was developed and its performance on treatment of water-in-oil emulsions was investigated by experiments. Focused beam reflectance measurement (FBRM) was used to make real-time online measurements of water droplet sizes in the emulsion. The average water droplet diameters and number of droplets within a certain size range are set as indicators for evaluating the effect of coalescence. We investigated the effect of electric field strength, frequency, water content and fluid velocity on the performance of coalescence. The experimental results showed that increasing the electric field strength could obviously contribute to the growth of small water droplets and coalescence. The extreme value of electric field strength achieved in the high-frequency electric field was much higher than that in the power-frequency (50 Hz) electric field, which can better promote the growth of water droplets. The initial average diameters of water droplets increase with higher water content. The rate of increment in the electric field was also increased. Its performance was compared with that of the plate electrodes to further verify the advantages of enhancing electrostatic coalescence and demulsification with helical electrodes. The research results can provide guidance for the optimization and performance improvement of a compact electrocoalescer.

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Bindereif, Benjamin, Heike Petra Karbstein, and Ulrike Sabine van der Schaaf. "Can Enzymatic Treatment of Sugar Beet Pectins Reduce Coalescence Effects in High-Pressure Processes?" Colloids and Interfaces 6, no. 4 (November 15, 2022): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/colloids6040069.

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While sugar beet pectins (SBPs) are well known for effectively stabilizing fine oil droplets in low-fat food and beverages, e.g., low-fat dressings and soft drinks, it often fails in products of higher oil contents. The aim of this study was to improve the emulsifying properties of SBPs and, consequently, their ability to reduce coalescence during high pressure homogenization of products with increased oil content. Therefore, the molecular size of SBPs was reduced by partial cleavage of the homogalacturonan backbone using the enzymes exo- and endo-polygalacturonanase and varying incubation times. The sizes of SBPs were compared based on the molecular size distribution and hydrodynamic diameter. In addition, to obtain information on the interfacial activity and adsorption rate of SBPs, the dynamic interfacial tension was measured by drop profile analysis tensiometry. The (non)modified SBPs were used as emulsifying agents in 30 wt% mct oil–water emulsions stabilized with 0.5 wt% SBP at pH 3, prepared by high-pressure homogenization (400–1000 bar). By analyzing the droplet size distributions, conclusions could be drawn about the coalescence that occurred after droplet breakup. It could be shown that SBPs modified by exo-polygalacturonanase stabilized the oil–water interface more rapidly, resulting in less coalescence and the smallest oil droplets. In contrast, SBPs modified with endo-polygalacturonanase resulted in poorer emulsification properties, and thus larger oil droplets with increasing incubation time. The differences could be attributed to the different cleavage pattern of the enzymes used. The results suggest that a minimum molecular size is required for the stabilization of fine oil droplets with SBPs as emulsifiers.

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Kwok, Sylvie, Robert Botet, Lewis Sharpnack, and Bernard Cabane. "Apollonian packing in polydisperse emulsions." Soft Matter 16, no. 10 (2020): 2426–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9sm01772k.

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Straube, Christian, Jörg Meyer, and Achim Dittler. "Identification of Deposited Oil Structures on Thin Porous Oil Mist Filter Media Applying µ-CT Imaging Technique." Separations 8, no. 10 (October 19, 2021): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations8100193.

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The identification of microscale oil structures formed from deposited oil droplets on the filter front face of a coalescence filter medium is essential to understand the initial state of the coalescence filtration process. Using µ-CT imaging and a deep learning tool for segmentation, this work presents a novel approach to visualize and identify deposited oil structures as oil droplets on fibers or oil sails between adjacent fibers of different sizes, shapes and orientations. Furthermore, the local and global porosity, saturation and fiber ratios of different fiber material of the oleophilic filter medium was compared and evaluated. Especially the local and global porosity of the filter material showed great accordance. Local and global saturation as well as the fiber ratios on local and global scale had noticeable differences which can mainly be attributed to the small field of view of the µ-CT scan (350 µm on 250 µm) or the minimal resolution of approximately 1 µm. Finally, fiber diameters of the investigated filter material were analyzed, showing a good agreement with the manufacturer’s specifications. The analytical approach to visualize and analyze the deposited oil structures was the main emphasis of this work.

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Matveev, Yu A., A. Yu Bogdanov, S. S. Chebotarev, D. F. Lavrinenko, and A. I. Antonova. "Coalescence filter for wastewater treatment at oil producing companies." Equipment and Technologies for Oil and Gas Complex, no. 1 (2019): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.33285/1999-6934-2019-1(109)-72-76.

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Tian, Yuan Si, Er Qiang Li, Ehab Elsaadawy, Jia Ming Zhang, Ivan U. Vakarelski, and Sigurdur T. Thoroddsen. "Coalescence time of water-in-oil emulsions under shear." Chemical Engineering Science 250 (March 2022): 117257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2021.117257.

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Al-Shimmery, Abouther, Saeed Mazinani, Joseph Flynn, John Chew, and Davide Mattia. "3D printed porous contactors for enhanced oil droplet coalescence." Journal of Membrane Science 590 (November 2019): 117274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117274.

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45

Hong, Joung Sook. "Enhanced coalescence of two oil droplets with clay particles." Korea-Australia Rheology Journal 31, no. 1 (February 2019): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13367-019-0006-5.

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Wang, Tian, Simon Ivar Andersen, and Alexander Shapiro. "Coalescence of oil droplets in microchannels under brine flow." Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 598 (August 2020): 124864. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.124864.

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Whitby, Catherine P., Franziska E. Fischer, Daniel Fornasiero, and John Ralston. "Shear-induced coalescence of oil-in-water Pickering emulsions." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 361, no. 1 (September 2011): 170–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2011.05.046.

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48

Fredrick, Eveline, Pieter Walstra, and Koen Dewettinck. "Factors governing partial coalescence in oil-in-water emulsions." Advances in Colloid and Interface Science 153, no. 1-2 (January 2010): 30–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2009.10.003.

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49

Shin, C., and G. G. Chase. "Water-in-oil coalescence in micro-nanofiber composite filters." AIChE Journal 50, no. 2 (2004): 343–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.10031.

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Dorobantu, Loredana S., Anthony K. C. Yeung, Julia M. Foght, and Murray R. Gray. "Stabilization of Oil-Water Emulsions by Hydrophobic Bacteria." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 10 (October 2004): 6333–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.10.6333-6336.2004.

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ABSTRACT Formation of oil-water emulsions during bacterial growth on hydrocarbons is often attributed to biosurfactants. Here we report the ability of certain intact bacterial cells to stabilize oil-in-water and water-in-oil emulsions without changing the interfacial tension, by inhibition of droplet coalescence as observed in emulsion stabilization by solid particles like silica.

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