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Journal articles on the topic 'Oil and petrochemical sector'
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1
Bin Amin, Md Fouad, and Mohd Ziaur Rehman. "Asymmetric Linkages of Oil Prices, Money Supply, and TASI on Sectoral Stock Prices in Saudi Arabia: A Non-Linear ARDL Approach." SAGE Open 12, no. 1 (January 2022): 215824402110711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440211071110.
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This study examines the asymmetric effects of oil prices, money supply, and the Tadawul All Share Index (TASI) on sectoral stock prices in Saudi Arabia. By applying a nonlinear auto-regressive distributive lag (NARDL) approach to monthly data spanning from January 2007 to December 2016, we found that the positive shocks of oil prices were more than the negative ones in the building and construction, energy and utilities, and petrochemical sectors, while higher oil prices adversely influenced the stock price of the bank and financial service sector. We identified the long-run and short-run asymmetric relationships of the Saudi stock market development on the stock prices of bank and financial services, energy and utilities, and the petrochemical sector and only a long-running asymmetric relationship with the building and construction sector. We also found the absence of long-run and short-run asymmetric impact of money supply on three sectors, namely, building and construction, energy and utilities, and the petrochemical sector except for the bank and financial service sector where only a long-running asymmetric relation was observed. These findings are appropriate for investors and portfolio managers to make judicious investment decisions. Policymakers should diversify their economic sectors apart from the oil dependencies to achieve the Vision 2030.
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Maitah, Mansoor, and Bassam Abdoljabbar. "The Economic Role of Petrochemical Industry in Iran." Modern Applied Science 9, no. 11 (September 30, 2015): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v9n11p101.
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<p>Iran’s economy is characterized by over dependence on the oil sector. Iran has been gradually growing into a centre for production of petrochemicals in the world. Petrochemical industry is one of the significant components of oil industry and is one of the principal industries in Iran which has an influential role in Iran’s economy. Although it is widely acknowledged that exports, particularly through manufactured components, play an important role as a potential source of economic growth. Hence, the aim of this research is to analysis the impact of petrochemical products export revenue on economic growth. Therefore the main objective of this research is the study of export-led growth hypothesis (ELG hypothesis) of Iran’s economy in the petrochemical industry by taking a time series data for the period of 1990-2010. It applies ordinary least square (OLS) method to investigate the relationship between gross domestic product, exports of petrochemical products, real exchange rate and inflation. The results of the study show that there is a positive relationship between export of petrochemical products and economic growth which validate export-led growth hypothesis in petrochemical industry while negative impact of inflation and real exchnage rate is observed.</p>
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Mutlu Çamoğlu, Seval. "The Impacts of Oil Prices, Exchange Rate and COVID-19 Pandemic on BIST Petrochemical Market." World Journal of Applied Economics 7, no. 1 (June 23, 2021): 17–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.22440/wjae.7.1.2.
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Stock markets are developing with the economic growth of the countries in a liberal market economy. Petrochemicals is an indicator of the performance of the country's industry with high inter-industry linkage by providing input to several sectors, producing various outputs with a certain number of raw materials. The COVID-19 pandemic period has affected all markets worldwide and caused fluctuations in the index values of large firms in the petrochemical industry in Borsa Istanbul (BIST). This study analyzes the impact of the pandemic period and change in the oil prices and exchange rate on the petrochemical market in Turkey. The monthly data of petrochemical stock market index, exchange rate, oil prices are used in this time series analysis. A pandemic information index representing the COVID-19 pandemic was derived and included in the model. According to the results, it is observed that the most important determinant of the fluctuations on the BIST petrochemical index is the oil prices. While a shock in oil prices negatively affects the BIST petrochemical index, the petrochemical index responds positively to the shock in the pandemic index.
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Hambleton, H. G. "L’essor de l’industrie pétrochimique en Arabie Saoudite." Note 57, no. 4 (January 21, 2009): 589–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/601008ar.
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ABSTRACT Eight giant petrochemical joint ventures will come on stream in Saudi Arabia between 1983 and 1985, reaching full capacity by 1987. While the equity for these complexes will be at least $12 billion, they will benefit from very cheap feedstock making them highly competitive. With the foreign partners in the ventures marketing much of the output abroad and with a growing domestic demand, there should be little difficulty with sales. In any event Saudi Arabia can link the sale of petrochemicals with the availability of crude oil. A re-structuring of the world production of petrochemicals is virtually inevitable, with Saudi Arabia and other countries with cheap feedstock producing bulk petrochemicals while the more industrialized countries concentrate on specialty petrochemicals with a greater value-added. Quebec, with petrochemicals a growth sector, is well placed to take advantage of these changes. Saudi Arabia, which normally runs a substantial trade surpluses with Quebec—some $360 million in 1981—might well opt to invest part of theses surpluses in a petrochemical industry in Quebec.
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Kadyrbergenova, A., N. Ismagulova, R. Bagitova, and M. Azhmagambetova. "FEATURES OF THE PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN AND ASSESSMENT OF ITS COMPETITIVENESS." Statistika, učet i audit 81, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.51579/1563-2415.2021-2.13.
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The petrochemical market is a necessary element of resource supply for all sectors of the economy. The petrochemical market is a necessary element of resource supply for all sectors of the economy. In its development, petrochemicals are ahead of related industries, such as oil production and refining. Even today, the volume of sales in monetary terms significantly exceeds the volume of sales of oil or petroleum products. In the future, the global petrochemical market will continue to grow faster than the oil and petroleum products market. The annual growth of the production rate of multi-tonnage plastics is expected to reach 5% by 2023, and the production of polyester fibers-6%. At the same time, the growth rate of oil demand, according to the Energy Information Agency (USA), will be 1.7% per year, including in developed countries – about 1% per year. The petrochemical industry is characterized by rapid development of scientific and technological progress, increasing the efficiency of public production. Even today, the volume of sales in monetary terms significantly exceeds the volume of sales of oil or petroleum products. In the future, the global petrochemical market will continue to grow faster than the oil and petroleum products market. The annual growth of the production rate of multi-tonnage plastics is expected to reach 5% by 2023, and the production of polyester fibers-6%. At the same time, the growth rate of oil demand, according to the Energy Information Agency (USA), will be 1.7% per year, including in developed countries – about 1% per year. The petrochemical industry is characterized by rapid development of scientific and technological progress, increasing the efficiency of public production.
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Azad, Sayyed Mohsen, and Seyed Hassan Ghodsypour. "Modeling the dynamics of technological innovation system in the oil and gas sector." Kybernetes 47, no. 4 (April 3, 2018): 771–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-03-2017-0083.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to model the relationship between “innovation systems” players and markets to indicate the “innovation functions” behavior during the petrochemical technology life cycle. Design/methodology/approach In a general classification, innovation systems are divided into four categories: technical, sectoral, regional and national. If two approaches are hybrid, their benefits would be combined. According to the sectoral structure of the governance model in Iran, in many sectors, such as petrochemical technology, the combination of one another with a sectoral approach is essential. Hence, this paper has introduced a new hybrid approach, called a techno-sectoral innovation system, and has used system dynamics as a methodology and a petrochemical industry as a case study. Findings The results predict the functions state of the innovation system and detect activation of innovation motors in each stage of innovation life cycle. Validation is investigated using Monte Carlo simulation that shows the error of the indices is acceptable. It can be concluded that the model is relatively in a development state and the motor of entrepreneurship functions. Originality/value This case-based model can help other researchers, as a generic model. It could be customized with the input parameters and relational flows of new cases, and functions (F1-F7) can show the result of each scenario made by the innovation analyst and the policymaker.
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EGOROV, O. I. "FORMATION OF REGIONAL PETROCHEMICAL CLUSTERS AS THE BASIS FOR INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL ECONOMY." Neft i gaz 2, no. 116 (April 15, 2020): 140–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.37878/2708-0080/2020.010.
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Intensive development of the oil and gas complex causes an urgent need to solve the problem of harmoniousdevelopment of productiveforces. It is knownthat theeffectivenessof theinvestments in the development of the oil and gas sector is significantly reduces due to large losses of products potentially contained in crude hydrocarbon. The development of ways to efficiently use hydrocarbon resources by increasing the share of the refining sector will help to meet domestic needs for refined products and petrochemicals, less vulnerability of the country’s economy to world price level for crude hydrocarbon.
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SHIMKO, Oleg V. "Priority measures to overcome the consequences of the introduction of new sanctions against the oil and gas sector of the Russian Federation." National Interests: Priorities and Security 18, no. 8 (August 15, 2022): 1584–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ni.18.8.1584.
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Subject. The article considers new sanctions against the oil and gas sector of Russia and the policy of leading foreign oil and gas companies. Objectives. The focus is on the assessment of export prospects of the fuel and energy complex. Methods. The study employs methods of comparative analysis and generalization. Results. The paper reveals that new sanctions against the oil and gas industry of Russia are aimed at limiting the export of domestic fuel and energy products, access to oil refining technologies, and investment inflows. The import of hydrocarbons from Russia is not critical for the United States, Great Britain, Canada, and Australia, while the European Union is seriously dependent on the supply of Russian energy resources, and, therefore, there is a time reserve for transformation of the entire domestic energy sector. Conclusions. New sanctions against the energy sector are a powerful external impetus for the domestic petrochemical industry development.
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Weisman, Camila. "MECHANISMS AND INSTRUMENTS FOR ENSURING ECONOMIC SECURITY OF OIL AND PETROCHEMICAL ENTERPRISES." Russian Journal of Management 8, no. 1 (May 22, 2020): 126–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/2409-6024-2020-8-1-126-130.
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The oil and gas industry remains for Russia the most important source of income, a strategic industry. According to official figures of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation, income from the oil and gas sector, according to the results of 2019, is 40% of the total budget of the country. A large volume of crude oil and gas is exported from the country. The tax burden on raw materials reaches up to 60% of the initial cost, which makes oil production at new fields extremely unprofitable.
The most important direction for the country is the transition from a strategy for the sale of crude oil products to refined ones, which have an additional cost.
The article discusses the features of domestic oil production, analyzes the reasons for overpriced in comparison with competitive raw materials from other oil producing leader countries. The strategy of ensuring the economic security of the industry is noted, the main tools are listed and the mechanisms for ensuring the economic security of petrochemical industry enterprises are presented.
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Bustamante, Gustavo, Biagio Fernando Giannetti, Feni Agostinho, Gengyuan Liu, and Cecília M. V. B. Almeida. "Prioritizing Cleaner Production Actions towards Circularity: Combining LCA and Emergy in the PET Production Chain." Sustainability 14, no. 11 (June 2, 2022): 6821. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14116821.
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Petrochemicals, which convert oil and gas into products such as plastics, are fundamental to modern societies. Chemists recognize their role in designing materials and the adverse effects that these may have on the environment, preventing sustainable development. Several methodological frameworks and sustainability assessment approaches have been developed to evaluate the resources used in the petrochemical sector in terms of environmental costs. Still, there is a need to evaluate these systems in terms of environmental costs deeply. A combination of life cycle assessment and emergy accounting—to assess the environmental support for resource use—is applied in this study of the PET production chain in Europe. The unit emergy values of several intermediates are calculated or updated to facilitate the discernment of the quality of energy used and the processes’ efficiency. Several routes for synthesizing renewable para-xylene and ethylene glycol from biomass are discussed and confronted with the efforts focused on recycling and recovering the final product, providing concurrently a procedure and a valuable data set for future CP actions. The results show that understanding the efficiencies changing across the production chain may help stakeholders decide where and when interventions to promote a circular economy are most effective along a petrochemical production chain.
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EGOROV, O. I. "DEVELOPMENT OF OIL REFINING AND PETROCHEMICAL SECTORS FOR EFFICIENT FUNCTIONING OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN." Neft i gaz 5, no. 119 (April 15, 2020): 96–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.37878/2708-0080/2020-5.030.
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Expediency of complex use of hydrocarbonic resources in the course of further development of a domestic oil and gas complex for increase of his competitiveness is proved. Ways of development of the petrochemical productions capable to provide release of the wide range of products with a high value added are offered. In article the provision that with development of the petrochemical industry the oil and gas complex of the republic will find necessary stability is reasoned and will be able to become not only the leading, but also knowledge-intensive branch of domestic economy
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Shchelokova, Svetlana V., and U. Shuan. "Strategies for Business Internationalization of Chinese State-Owned Oil and Gas Companies." Economic Strategies 160, no. 1 (February 20, 2022): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.33917/es-1.181.2022.72-79.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of the specifics of the business international expansion of large Chinese state-owned companies in the oil and gas sector: China National Oil and Gas Corporation (CNPC), China Petrochemical Corporation (SINOPEC), China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC). The article examines the strategic guidelines of the companies, the factors influencing the strategies, formats and forms of expansion, regional specifics of business internationalization, trends in the development of activities in foreign markets. The problems of specialization and business diversification of the studied companies are considered. Special attention is paid to the role of the state in the processes of international expansion of Chinese oil and gas companies.
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Meidute-Kavaliauskiene, Ieva, Vida Davidaviciene, Shahryar Ghorbani, and Iman Ghasemian Sahebi. "Optimal Allocation of Gas Resources to Different Consumption Sectors Using Multi-Objective Goal Programming." Sustainability 13, no. 10 (May 18, 2021): 5663. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13105663.
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Natural gas is a main source of energy in Iran, and optimal allocation to different sectors is crucial, based on realities, geopolitical considerations, and national security concerns. In this paper, a multi-objective goal programming model is developed to study the optimal allocation of this resource to various consumption sectors, including household business, industry, petrochemical industry, power plants, injection to oil fields, and export from Iran for the horizon of 2025. In this research, the energy security index is prioritized over other indicators. Two objective functions are considered: the first is maximizing the energy security index (minimizing the cost of energy security), and the second is minimizing the relative weight of different consumption sectors. The goal share of the various gas sectors, the amount of consumption of the various consumption sectors, and the allocatable and predicted amount for each year is calculated. Household business, power plants, petrochemical industries, industry, and export aid injection to oil fields are the most consuming sectors in 2025, respectively. Also, based on cost minimization, power plants, petrochemical industries, and industries in general are the more consuming sectors, respectively.
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KUMAR, B. R. PRADEEP, K. ABHAYA KUMAR, PRAKASH PINTO, IQBAL THONSE HAWALDAR, CRISTI SPULBAR, RAMONA BIRAU, and LUCIAN CLAUDIU ANGHEL. "Crude oil futures to manage the price risk of textile equities: An empirical evidence from India." Industria Textila 73, no. 04 (August 31, 2022): 438–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/it.073.04.202177.
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The textile sector in India is the oldest manufacturing sector. As the raw materials for this sector are sourced from the petrochemical industries, the earnings of Indian textile companies are dependent on the crude oil price. The crude price in the international market has become more volatile and hence, the equity price of Indian textile companies has become more volatile. This study aims to develop two price risk management strategies for Indian textile equities. Using the vector autoregressive (VAR) model, a price forecast model, further the possibility of cross hedge for textile equities with the help of crude futures is examined using the Granger causality test and Pearson correlation statistics. The results of the study showed that crude futures price in India is one of the price determinants of textile industry stock prices.
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Dincer, I., M. M. Hussain, and I. Al-Zaharnah. "Energy and exergy use in the industrial sector of Saudi Arabia." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 217, no. 5 (January 1, 2003): 481–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095765003322407539.
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This paper deals with the analysis of energy and exergy utilization in the industrial sector of Saudi Arabia by considering the sectoral energy and exergy flows for a period of 12 years from 1990 to 2001. Oil and gas, chemical and petrochemical, iron and steel, and cement are identified as the four essential subsectors in the industrial sector. Sectoral energy and exergy analyses are conducted to study the variations of energy and exergy efficiencies for each subsector throughout the years, and these heating and overall energy and exergy efficiencies are compared for the four subsectors. In this regard, an example illustration is presented for the year 2000. The chemical and petrochemical subsector appears to be the most energy-efficient sector, and the iron and steel subsector the most exergy-efficient one. A comparison of the overall energy and exergy efficiencies of the Saudi Arabian industrial sector with the Turkish industrial sector is also presented for the year 1993. Although the sectoral coverage is different for each country, it is still useful to illustrate the situation on how sectoral energy and exergy efficiencies vary. The Turkish industrial sector appears to be more efficient for that particular year. It is believed that the technique presented here is a useful tool for analysing sectoral and subsectoral energy and exergy utilization. Such energy and exergy studies help a country to identify major losses and to determine the true magnitudes of these losses.
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Laguna, Norma Martı́nez. "Oil policies and privatization strategies in Mexico: implications for the petrochemical sector and its production spaces." Energy Policy 32, no. 18 (December 2004): 2035–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-4215(03)00179-4.
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Putra, Arga Bachrian. "Analisis Dampak Pandemi Covid-19 Terhadap Kinerja Keuangan PT Chandra Asri Petrochemical Tbk Dan PT Aneka Gas Industri Tbk Tahun 2018-2020." Akuntansiku 1, no. 2 (July 20, 2022): 113–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.54957/akuntansiku.v1i2.239.
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The Covid-19 pandemic has spread throughout the world including Indonesia since the beginning of 2020. The impact of the pandemic is felt by all levels of society and various sectors of life, one of the sectors that have the most impact is the industrial sector. In this paper, the writer chose PT Chandra Asri Petrochemical Tbk as the object of the paper. This paper aims to determine the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the financial performance of PT Chandra Asri Petrochemical Tbk by using financial ratio analysis. The author also compares the financial performance of PT Chandra Asri Petrochemical Tbk (TPIA) with similar companies engaged in the basic and chemical industry sector, namely PT Aneka Gas Industri Tbk (AGII). The data used in this paper use each company’s financial statements for 2018-2020. The analytical method used is the quantitative analysis method by calculating the company's financial ratios. The ratio that is the focus of the author is the liquidity, solvency, and profitability ratio. Financial ratio analysis shows that TPIA can maintain its financial performance, especially in the ideal liquidity and solvency ratio. When compared with similar companies, namely AGII, the overall financial performance of TPIA tends to be better. However, the profitability ratio is still below AGII due to the slowdown in the industry accompanied by a decline in product margins and crude oil prices. Pandemi Covid-19 telah menyebar di seluruh dunia termasuk Indonesia sejak awal tahun 2020. Dampak pandemi dirasakan oleh seluruh lapisan masyarakat dan berbagai sektor kehidupan, salah satu sektor yang paling berdampak ialah sektor industri. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui dampak pandemi Covid-19 terhadap kinerja keuangan PT Chandra Asri Petrochemical Tbk dengan menggunakan analisis rasio keuangan. Penelitian ini juga membandingkan kinerja keuangan PT Chandra Asri Petrochemical Tbk (TPIA) dengan perusahaan sejenis yang bergerak di sektor industri dasar dan bahan kimia yaitu PT Aneka Gas Industri Tbk (AGII). Data-data yang digunakan dalam peneltian ini menggunakan laporan keuangan masing-masing perusahaan tahun 2018-2020. Metode analisis yang digunakan yaitu metode analisis kuantitatif dengan menghitung rasio keuangan perusahaan tersebut. Rasio yang digunakan untuk menganalis adalah rasio likuiditas, solvabilitas dan profitabilitas. Analisis rasio keuangan menunjukan bahwa TPIA mampu mempertahankan kinerja keuangannya terutama pada rasio likuiditas dan solvabilitas di angka yang ideal. Bila dibandingkan dengan perusahaan sejenisnya yaitu AGII secara keseluruhan kinerja keuangan TPIA cenderung lebih baik. Akan tetapi, pada rasio profitabilitas masih dibawah AGII karena terjadinya perlambatan industri diiringi dengan penurunan margin produk dan harga minyak mentah.
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Shammas, Pierre. "LPG Consumption in the Long Term: Supply, Pricing Demand with Particular Reference to the Petrochemical Sector." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 14, no. 2 (April 1996): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014459879601400204.
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Supply of LPG is forecast to grow over the next decade from the present level of 180 million t/y to about 185–190 million t/y, depending on demand in Asia which is rising rapidly and on new LPG export projects. Most of the increase in supply will come from new gas and crude oil production, from new LNG ventures, and from refineries reducing the n-butane content of motor gasoline. Pricing will remain volatile as a result of crude oil price volatility, variations in the winter weather in the Northern Hemisphere, and as a result of competition between ethane, PPG, naphtha and condensate as ethylene cracker feedstocks. Saudi Aramco is the world's biggest exporter of LPG/NGL, with a capacity rising from 17.5 million to more than 20 million t/y over the next decade. It plays a key role in the pricing of LPG, and since Oct. 1, 1994, has introduced a new “contract price” (CP) formula which in winter months has raised its revenue by up to $30/tonne. Its move has upset most of its clients and some of them have cancelled their contracts. Demand for LPG in OECD countries will continue to show steady growth. The increase in demand will be more rapid in the relatively less developed OECD countries, as the trend in Spain has shown in recent years. Provided that the LPG price is competitive, demand in China, South-East Asia and the Indian sub-continent could grow beyond current projections. Consumption in these countries will depend on the installation of distribution facilities and the rate at which LPG can substitute for traditional fuels and kerosine as well as compete for limited disposable incomes.
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Nielsen, Eric, Terry Plank, and Michael Schneider. "USCG Sector Delaware Bay Response to Rail Risks Planning Project." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2017, no. 1 (May 1, 2017): 2017018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2017.1.000018.
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The recent increase in domestic petrochemical industries coupled with the transportation of domestic crude oil by rail (specifically Bakken, Bitumen, and Diluted Bitumen (Dilbit)) in the U.S. has dramatically impacted the way that Coast Guard Sector Delaware Bay plans for and responds to rail incidents within their Area of Responsibility (AOR). Their AOR has historically seen one Million Barrels Per Day (BPD) transported within their port; but currently, 588,000 BPD Bakken and 103,000 BPD Bitumen/Dilbit is refined each day at five nearby refineries which is transported via three different Class I rail companies throughout the AOR, calling for the area's new energy renaissance to be joined with proper contingency planning and updated response strategies. Increased investigation into these response strategies is critical in maintaining an effective and safe response posture throughout the eastern corridor through which this oil travels. To address this risk, Sector Delaware Bay completed a first of its kind, “Response to Rail Incidents Planning Project” to include a modified Comprehensive Ecological Risk Assessment (CERA) that is designed to articulate a process which incorporates rail incident planning into their most current Area Contingency Plan. The Sector's Incident Management Division and Contingency Preparedness staffs leveraged support from their port partners and Area Committee to discuss, plan for, and respond to, these emerging threats. The project included the prioritization of critical rail/water nexus areas, and incorporating them into the Geographic Response Plan (GRP), by conducting site survey visits throughout the AOR, and then designating response strategies to be approved by the local Area Committee. This project, in conjunction with the CERA focused on identifying the major threat from the new domestic crude oil products and documenting best practices and response strategies with input from a very complex and extremely active tri-state region. This initiative has the potential to be the model for rail risk planning Coast Guard-wide, and the aim is to share the work and participate in the dialogue among the entire response community at the International Oil Spill Conference.
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Vásquez, John W., Gustavo Pérez-Zuñiga, Javier Sotomayor-Moriano, and Adalberto Ospino. "Super-Alarms with Diagnosis Proficiency Used as an Additional Layer of Protection Applied to an Oil Transport System." Entropy 23, no. 2 (January 23, 2021): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23020139.
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In automated plants, particularly in the petrochemical, energy, and chemical industries, the combined management of all of the incidents that can produce a catastrophic accident is required. In order to do this, an alarm management methodology can be formulated as a discrete event sequence recognition problem, in which time patterns are used to identify the safe condition of the process, especially in the start-up and shutdown stages. In this paper, a new layer of protection (a Super-Alarm), based on the diagnostic stage to industrial processes is presented. The alarms and actions of the standard operating procedures are considered to be discrete events involved in sequences; the diagnostic stage corresponds to the recognition of the situation when these sequences occur. This provides operators with pertinent information about the normal or abnormal situations induced by the flow of the alarms. Chronicles Based Alarm Management (CBAM) is the methodology used in this document to build the chronicles that will permit us to generate the Super-Alarms; in addition, a case study of the petrochemical sector using CBAM is presented in order to build one chronicle that represents the scenario of an abnormal start-up of an oil transport system. Finally, the scenario’s validation for this case is performed, showing the way in which, a Super-Alarm is generated.
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Rodnyansky, Dmitry, Aliaksei Bykau, Sergey Manasyan, Yuri Basharimov, and Maxim Evsin. "Contradictions between corporate and state sectoral management in russian regions’ oil industry: digital solutions." SHS Web of Conferences 106 (2021): 01005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202110601005.
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Currently, the key and budget-forming sector of the Russian economy is still the oil industry, which includes the production, processing, transportation and sale of oil and oil products. The share of the oil industry in the country’s GDP amounted to above 40%, and, taking into account the petrochemical and manufacturing industries, exceeds 50%. In this aspect, an important task is to study the institutional environment of the operation of enterprises and organizations of the oil industry, as well as the mechanisms and tools of state sectoral management, because not only the activities of individual companies, corporations and enterprises, but also the level of socio-economic development of the country as a whole. The main forms of state participation in the regulation of such industries remain direct ownership of shares, including a controlling stake or “golden share”, delegation of government representatives to corporate boards of directors, as well as the creation of various forms of organizations with state participation. At the same time, there are a number of contradictions between the state, economic entities of the oil industry and public and expert organizations, which are expressed in different interpretations of short-term and long-term goals, the presence of not always coordinated concepts and strategies for the development of individual industries and areas, inconsistency of a number of state programs, projects, etc. These contradictions lead to a decrease in the efficiency of the system of state regulation of strategic sectors of the economy, which is expressed in a significant lag in labor productivity.
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Tobin, Damian. "From Maoist self-reliance to international oil consumer: a resource-based appraisal of the challenges facing China's petrochemical sector." Journal of Chinese Economic and Business Studies 6, no. 4 (November 2008): 363–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14765280802431761.
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Ali, Murad, Anwar Ul-Hamid, Tayyab Khan, Abdulhakim Bake, Haider Butt, Olufemi Eyitope Bamidele, and Aamer Saeed. "Corrosion-related failures in heat exchangers." Corrosion Reviews 39, no. 6 (October 25, 2021): 519–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/corrrev-2020-0073.
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Abstract Corrosion is the primary cause of failure of heat exchangers in industry, especially in the oil and petrochemical sector. The modes of failure related to corrosion include erosion corrosion, pitting corrosion, crevice corrosion, grain boundary corrosion, dealloying, galvanic corrosion, stress corrosion cracking, waterside corrosion, uniform corrosion, and microbially induced corrosion. Primary causes of corrosion-related failures were found to be fabrication and welding defects, presence of residual stresses, inappropriate materials selection and design, improper water chemistry/flow and poor choice of filters, presence of corrosive species such Cl−, Sx−, O2, NH4 + in water, nonadherence to recommended operating conditions, and noncompliance with standard practices during the shutdown. This article is a review covering only corrosion-related failures in heat exchangers.
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Shimko, O. V. "The use of revenue-based multipliers for the appraisal of oil and gas companies." Digest Finance 25, no. 4 (December 25, 2020): 387–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/df.25.4.387.
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Subject. The article focuses on ratios of the market capitalization and corporate value to revenue of the twenty five leading public companies in the oil and gas sector within 2008 through 2018. Objectives. The study is to trace key trends in ratios of corporations in the oil and gas. I also determine what caused such a transformation for the analyzable period and whether the multipliers are applicable to appraise the corporate value in the oil and gas sector. Methods. The study is based on methods of comparative and financial-economic analysis, summarizing financial reporting data. Results. Revenue-based ratios are found to be applicable to appraise the value of oil and gas companies. Although having the similar composition of net revenue, companies with better profitability have higher multipliers. Integrated corporations were found to have lower multipliers than independent companies. The study shows that the import-based petrochemical production tends to have the lower value than that using domestic resources. The multiplier goes down if the company's revenue includes proceeds from the resale. As the debt burden grows, the multiplier decreases. Therefore, considering the significant difference in the debt burden, the multiplier should better include the corporate value instead of the market capitalization, since the corporate value comprises the net debt. I also discovered the country-related factor, which should be taken into consideration when using the multiplier. Conclusions and Relevance. The use of revenue-based multipliers requires the thorough analysis of the financial and business operations of companies. However, it is quite acceptable when the overall profitability decreases and the debt burden increases in the public segments of the global oil and gas industry. The findings can be used to appraise the value of oil and gas assets as part of the comparative approach and decide on actions for raising the market capitalization of public oil and gas corporations.
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Mustafa Babanlı, Arif Mammadov, Mustafa Babanlı, Arif Mammadov, and Tahir Jabbarov, Narmin Mammadli Tahir Jabbarov, Narmin Mammadli. "MAIN DIRECTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT OF NEW MATERIALS BASED ON BLACK AND NONFERROUS-METALS." PAHTEI-Procedings of Azerbaijan High Technical Educational Institutions 10, no. 06 (October 10, 2021): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/pahtei1006202114.
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The article discusses the innovative development of metallurgy in the Republic of Azerbaijan. Methods of production of energy-efficient and competitive metal products are analyzed to ensure the environmental safety of metallurgical processes to meet the needs of Azerbaijan and other CIS countries, as well as the world metal market. The importance of innovative metallurgical technologies, including nanotechnology, to meet the country's demand for metal products in the oil refining, petrochemical, chemical, automotive, mechanical engineering, utilities and other industries is emphasized. Proposed principles of creation of steel products of higher quality on the basis of new scientific approaches to the discovery and development of oil and gas fields and other valuable natural resources in the deeper layers of the Caspian Sea. This discusses the development of technologically efficient types of metal products with low metal capacity and high strength for the needs of the defense industry. Production of non-ferrous metals with the application of high-yield technologies based on the use of ore deposits of the country, creation of products from "master-alloys", rare and rare earth metals, etc. issues such as Keywords: metallurgy, innovative technologies, oil refining, petrochemistry, mechanical engineering, construction sector, ferrous and non-ferrous metals.
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Ndubisi, Nelson Oly, Obaid Al-Shuridah, and Celine Capel. "Greening multinational enterprises in the oil, gas and petrochemicals." International Journal of Manpower 41, no. 7 (March 19, 2020): 967–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijm-08-2019-0361.
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PurposePremised on the shortage of research on the role of organisational mindfulness in promoting environmental sustainability, this study evaluates the effects of organisational mindfulness and mindful organising on environmental sustainability outcomes in the critical case of multinational enterprises (MNEs) operating in the oil and gas sector in the Arabian Gulf.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from the (oil and gas sector) MNES. A total of 92 completed responses were received. The respondents include executives, senior managers and directors. The data were analysed using SmartPLS software. The measurement and structural models were evaluated.FindingsThe models show that four (of five) dimensions of organisational mindfulness (defined as organisational goals, desires and strategies) and mindful organising (defined as organisational tactics and practices) are significantly related. Mindful organising is significantly associated with more environmentally sustainable outcomes. But contrary to expectations sensitivity to the local environment did not have a significant moderating effect on the relationship between mindful organising and environmental sustainability initiatives and outcomes of these MNEs.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper presents several hypotheses, most of which were confirmed. Direct effects of organizational mindfulness, mindful organizing were confirmed. Environmental sensitivity has a direct effect rather than a moderating effect (as hypothesized) on environmental sustainability.Practical implicationsEnvironmental sustainability can be approached by MNEs in the oil and gas sector by among other factors, increased environmental sensitivity, signalling environmental behaviours the organisation expects, rewards and supports and putting in place a social process that is reliant on extensive and continuous interactions between individuals and among teams regarding these environmental expectations.Social implicationsSocial and environmental performance of MNEs can be improved through mindfulness-based approaches, effects of which can be transmitted through a social process that relies on continuous real-time communication and interactions among members through formal and informal interactions during meetings, briefings, work and play. Sensitivity and respect for the host community and environment can bolster brand image and social relations.Originality/valueThe paper addresses the greening issues surrounding the largely unexplored context of the Arabian Gulf’s oil and gas sector. It demonstrates that ongoing greening communications and interactions through briefings, meetings, updates and in teams' ongoing work are some of the mechanisms for achieving sustainability. Also environmental sensitivity is a direct driver rather than a contingent factor of sustainability.
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Rodnyanskii, D. V. "Corporate integration processes as a mechanism to manage the oil sector of Russia." National Interests: Priorities and Security 8, no. 8 (August 14, 2020): 1459–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ni.16.8.1459.
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Subject. The oil industry is a key and fundamental source of fiscal revenue in Russia. It includes the mining, refining, transportation and sale of oil and petrochemicals. In this respect, it is important to examine the institutional environment of entities and enterprises operating in the oil sector, and mechanisms and tools for public administration in the sector. The management quality determines not only the performance of some companies, but the national socio-economic development. Objectives. I substantiate that corporate integration processes influence the management of the oil sector in Russia. I also outline my recommendations on the prediction of the sectoral development by modeling the M&A data. Methods. To make reasonable and reliable conclusions, I carry out the statistical and retrospective analysis and econometric modeling apparatus. Results. I analyzed how corporate integration processes influenced the public administration in the oil sector of the Russian Federation. Based on the correlation and regression analysis, I conclude on the extent to which each factor influences the development indicators of the oil sector. Conclusions and Relevance. In addition to traditional tools of the sectoral regulation, special governmental authorities should use the mechanism of corporate integration processes. Furthermore, governmental institutions should join the process to enhance the management, ensure the balance of short-term and long-term interests of some business structures and the entire sector, and the sustainable development of the national oil sector.
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Plyaskina, Nina I., and Viktoriya N. Kharitonova. "ROLE OF REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTIONS IN CREATION OF PETROLEUM AND GAS CHEMICAL CLUSTERS OF THE ANGARO-YENISEI MACROREGION." Interexpo GEO-Siberia 3, no. 1 (May 21, 2021): 139–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2021-3-1-139-151.
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The article presents an analysis of the capabilities of the Yenisei Siberia Corporation and regional development institutions of the Irkutsk region in organizing systematic state support for innovative projects for the formation of the East Siberian petrochemical cluster. The directions of correction of its specialization were discussed in connection with the expected growth in demand of Arctic and northern projects of the mining sector for low-tonnage chemistry products and long-term factors of stabilization of demand for large-tonnage supplies of Russian polymers in the APR markets. On the basis of a comparative analysis of the competences and powers of regional development institutions, the organizational advantages of the Yenisei Siberia Corporation were revealed: The presence of strategic partners and the possibility of creating technological and investment platforms at the federal level. To assess the effectiveness of innovative directions for the development of the East Siberian oil and gas chemical cluster, it is proposed to use the author's model toolkit for the formation of a megaproject of the East Siberian oil and gas complex (VSOGK).
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Fedorova, O. A. "TRANSPORT NETWORK OF THE REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN AS A BASIS FOR CREATING CARBON POLYGONS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ARTIFICIAL HYDROCARBONS." Bulletin USPTU Science education economy Series economy 2, no. 40 (2022): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17122/2541-8904-2022-2-40-101-110.
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This study presents the prerequisites for the development of artificial hydrocarbons on the territory of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The reduction of proven oil reserves, the high cost of hydrocarbons in the market, as well as climate change contribute to the development of renewable energy sources. Thus, in the world, biodiesel production in the United States occupies a leading position after Europe. However, insufficient attention is paid to this production in the Russian Federation. The polarization of petrochemical and oil refining enterprises, especially the fuel sector, may face a short supply of traditional hydrocarbon raw materials – oil in the future, which may lead to a socio-economic decline in the life of the population of this territory. Such territories of the Russian Federation include the Republic of Bashkortostan. At the same time, a developed logistics transport network can contribute to the development of renewable energy sources, which contributes not only to the continuation of the life cycle of petrochemical and oil refining enterprises, but also to the activation of regions' economic growth points. The article provides a detailed analysis of motor transport and railway routes in the region, which shows that the uniformity of the growth of socio-economic development directly depends on the infrastructure, primarily cargo transportation along transport routes. In the article, the author suggests that for the rapid socio-economic development of the territory of the Republic of Bashkortostan, it is necessary to fully use not only roads and railways, but also the water transport system of the region. So, if examples of creating experimental polygons for the production of artificial hydrocarbons in Buraevsky, Mishkinsky, Baltachevsky, Tatyshlinsky, Yanaulsky, Kaltasinsky regions of the Republic of Bashkortostan were chosen, then the river route can be considered as an effective way for transporting finished products. In addition, in the Askinsky district of the republic, the operation of the oil processing plant of the Oleokemix company was successfully introduced, the goal of which is to become a leader in the republic in terms of crops, a high degree of sharpness of rapeseed oil in Russia. Therefore, the development of a transport network, experimental sites for the production of artificial hydrocarbons in the northwestern direction of the Republic of Bashkortostan, intensive development of industrial energy sources, including biofuels.
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Moreira, Bruno Arantes, Hélio de Oliveira, Fábio de Oliveira Arouca, and João Jorge Ribeiro Damasceno. "Analysis of the Compressibility of Sediments in Batch Settling Tests Using Newtonian and Non-Newtonian Fluids." Materials Science Forum 802 (December 2014): 280–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.802.280.
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The study of compressibility in deformable porous media is of interest in many industrial processes, such as, filtration, thickening and during oil well drilling processes in the petrochemical sector. In this work the compressibility of porous media was evaluated by the comparison of solid concentration profiles in sediments using fluids with Newtonian and non-Newtonian behavior. For this, consolidation tests in distillated water, solutions of xanthan and glycerol were performed in a vertical column from the gravitational settling of suspensions. The porosity distribution in the formed sediment was obtained after the complete settling of particulate material. The local porosity measurements were performed using the ionizing radiation emitted by americium-241. The gamma-ray attenuation technique used in this study allowed the realization of nondestructive measurements for achieving local concentration of solids. The results showed that the rheological behavior of the fluid does not change significantly the compressibility of the porous matrix.
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Hasanova, R. Z., G. S. Mukhtarova, Yu A. Abdullayeva, N. H. Alekperova, S. B. Logmanova, and N. F. Gafarova. "The composition and properties of oil fractions of unique azerbaijan oils (review)." World of petroleum products 03 (2022): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.32758/2782-3040-2022-0-3-20-23.
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This review article presents the results of a study of Azerbaijan oils for their scientifically based sorting and processing, since they are a valuable raw material for petrochemical processes. Particular attention is paid to the study of light oil products, their qualities are decisive for the assessment of the oil itself. In oils, the qualities of fuel oils, distillate and oil fractions are also determined. Azerbaijan oils, due to their uniqueness, are used as a valuable raw material for petrochemistry. In addition, in connection with the export of oil to world markets, it is important to identify the valuable properties of Azerbaijani oils that allow them to compete with well-known marker oils. Also relevant is the assessment of the qualities of fuel oils and oil fractions of Azerbaijani oils. The review article discusses the quality of oil fractions from offshore fields oils in the Azerbaijan and Turkmen sectors of the Caspian Sea, containing 9-13% paraffin, 14-36% aromatic hydrocarbons. It has been established that base oils with a VI of 80-90 units (I group by API) are obtained by processes of selective purification and dewaxing, as we showed earlier when obtaining oil fractions from promising Azerbaijan oils Azeri, Chirag, etc. To obtain modern high-quality oils with IV 100 and higher, it is possible to use refined oil components from Azerbaijan oils (for example, from Balakhani oil) using and involving hydrocracking oils (20-40%) and a package of additives from foreign companies.
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Shutaieva, Elena Alekseevna, and Viktoriya Viktorovna Pobirchenko. "WORLD OIL MARKET: ANALYSIS OF PRODUCTION AND DEMAND, RUSSIA’S POSITION." Scientific Bulletin: finance, banking, investment., no. 2 (55) (2022): 170–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.37279/2312-5330-2021-2-170-184.
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The article analyzes the state of the world oil market. It is shown that modern problems and dilemmas of the oil market development are mediated by institutional and technological shifts on a global scale, within the contours of which the structure and mechanism of oil market pricing are formed corresponding to the changes. Analysis of the dynamics of quantitative indicators characterizing fluctuations in the oil market made it possible to reveal the essence of the transformation, assess the changes taking place in the world oil market, and show the role of OPEC from the standpoint of the regulating factor of temporary shocks in the short term. The main directions of the transformation of the world oil market have been identified in connection with the change in the role of the main players, caused by changes in the macroeconomic and geopolitical situation, the dynamics of the dollar exchange rate and the state of financial markets, the spread of the coronavirus infection COVID-19, and increased international competition. It is shown that a new circle of leading market participants is being formed and strengthened, their role in achieving market equilibrium is changing. The main players in the oil market, the United States, Saudi Arabia and Russia, have not only resource and geological potential, but also a wide range of related factors, including a mechanism for making strategic decisions. The current situation on the world oil market complicates the conditions for Russia’s activity on it, maintaining its leading positions. An analysis of Russia’s competitive advantages in the world oil market, based on significant resource potential, showed their institutional basis: a developed export infrastructure, a diversified distribution system, integral partnerships united in a petrochemical cluster. It is shown that thanks to the crisis, the Russian oil sector has received every reason to reassess the energy strategy, the prospects of the industry, its structure and reorganization tasks, taking into account the need to ensure the stability of the industry to any external influences.
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Shutaieva, Elena Alekseevna, and Viktoriya Viktorovna Pobirchenko. "WORLD OIL MARKET: ANALYSIS OF PRODUCTION AND DEMAND, RUSSIA’S POSITION." Scientific Bulletin: finance, banking, investment., no. 2 (55) (2022): 170–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.37279/2312-5330-2021-2-170-184.
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The article analyzes the state of the world oil market. It is shown that modern problems and dilemmas of the oil market development are mediated by institutional and technological shifts on a global scale, within the contours of which the structure and mechanism of oil market pricing are formed corresponding to the changes. Analysis of the dynamics of quantitative indicators characterizing fluctuations in the oil market made it possible to reveal the essence of the transformation, assess the changes taking place in the world oil market, and show the role of OPEC from the standpoint of the regulating factor of temporary shocks in the short term. The main directions of the transformation of the world oil market have been identified in connection with the change in the role of the main players, caused by changes in the macroeconomic and geopolitical situation, the dynamics of the dollar exchange rate and the state of financial markets, the spread of the coronavirus infection COVID-19, and increased international competition. It is shown that a new circle of leading market participants is being formed and strengthened, their role in achieving market equilibrium is changing. The main players in the oil market, the United States, Saudi Arabia and Russia, have not only resource and geological potential, but also a wide range of related factors, including a mechanism for making strategic decisions. The current situation on the world oil market complicates the conditions for Russia’s activity on it, maintaining its leading positions. An analysis of Russia’s competitive advantages in the world oil market, based on significant resource potential, showed their institutional basis: a developed export infrastructure, a diversified distribution system, integral partnerships united in a petrochemical cluster. It is shown that thanks to the crisis, the Russian oil sector has received every reason to reassess the energy strategy, the prospects of the industry, its structure and reorganization tasks, taking into account the need to ensure the stability of the industry to any external influences.
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Alsabri, Amzan, Furqan Tahir, and Sami G. Al-Ghamdi. "Life-Cycle Assessment of Polypropylene Production in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Region." Polymers 13, no. 21 (November 2, 2021): 3793. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13213793.
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The environmental impacts of the polypropylene (PP) manufacturing process are not fully understood in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region. There is a growing interest in assessing the environmental impacts of this highly demanded product, especially for the petrochemical industry sector. This research examines the environmental impacts of the polypropylene manufacturing process using a life cycle assessment (LCA) approach. Gabi software is selected to carry out this research study and quantify the risks associated with manufacturing one ton of polypropylene, chosen as the functional unit for this LCA study. This work has the following merits: (i) an evaluation of environmental impacts specific to GCC region based on actual plant data; (ii) the results in this work can be used to evaluate LCA impacts of PP based products; and (iii) emphasizing the importance of waste management in reducing environmental impacts. This study shows that the polypropylene manufacturing process releases numerous pollutants into the environment, as the gross CO2 emissions for the manufacturing process of PP in the plant located in the GCC region were estimated to be 1.58 kg CO2 eq./kg-PP. The manufacturing process of propylene has extremely high impacts on global warming potential, fossil resource depletion (1.722 kg Oil eq./kg-PP), human toxicity (0.077 kg 1,4-DB eq./kg-PP), acidification (0.0049 kg SO2 eq./kg-PP), and petrochemical oxidant formation (0.0042 kg NMVOC/kg-PP). Additionally, based on the results of this present research, this study proposes possible improvements and alternative solutions such as applying advanced technologies, clean energy, and safe recycling processes in the GCC that are environmentally friendly.
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Lin, Kun-Chin. "Disembedding Socialist Firms as a Statist Project: Restructuring the Chinese Oil Industry, 1997–2002." Enterprise & Society 7, no. 1 (March 2006): 59–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1467222700003736.
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Crucial to the success of China’s transition to the market economy is the central government’s capacity for institutional innovation. Since 1997, Chinese politicians have sought to transform the governance of state-owned industries from decentralized administrator control to centralized corporate shareholder control. This essay examines the ideological, political, and institutional components of the central state’s strategy of “disembeddedness” that aimed to disrupt preexisting social norms and exchange relations of the planned economy. However, this authoritarian approach to organizational change has generated sociopolitical contentions and unintended economic outcomes that point to alternative conceptions of authority and exchange relations at industrial and firm levels. Focusing on the recent restructuring of the oil and petrochemical sectors into national oil corporations, I provide evidence of how certain types of informal social dynamics have shaped and constrained the implementation of asset control strategies and industrial policies favored by the state, with direct implications for the proper functioning of new market institutions.
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Abaker, Mohamed-Osman Shereif Mahdi, Omar Ahmad Khalid Al-Titi, and Natheer Shawqi Al-Nasr. "Organizational policies and diversity management in Saudi Arabia." Employee Relations: The International Journal 41, no. 3 (April 1, 2019): 454–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/er-05-2017-0104.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to report empirical research conducted in Saudi Arabia on the impacts of organizational policies and practices on the diversity management of the Saudi private sector. To this end, the Saudization policy and views of key respondents have been tested and discussed.Design/methodology/approachPrimary data were collected through questionnaire surveys from the largest 11 private sector organizations listed on the Saudi Stock Market in the financial/banking, oil and gas, petrochemical, private higher education and private health service sectors. Statistical tools such as means and standard deviations and one-samplet-tests were used for analysis.FindingsThe findings suggest that Saudization, retention, pay with benefits and health insurance policies significantly affect the diversity management in the Saudi private sector. Therefore, there is a need to develop organizational policies that support the existence of foreign employees for private businesses in Saudi Arabia. Considering differences as strengths that can be utilized to enhance performance, a diverse workforce might better be able to serve diverse markets.Research limitations/implicationsCollecting data from a closed environment such as Saudi Arabia is constrained by access difficulties, as well as inadequate literature on relevant diversity issues. However, the convenience sampling method and snowballing approach adopted in this study generated reliable data. As a result, this study has implications for both the multinational corporations operating in Saudi Arabia and Saudi owned companies operating in the West and intending to adopt and implement diversity management initiatives for branches in different countries. As such, further research on the gulf countries’ diversity management issues would be critical.Originality/valueThe current study is a first survey-based research endeavor on the topic of diversity management in the Saudi context. The findings contribute to the limited knowledge base on middle eastern countries, thus presenting new empirical evidence on the organizational policies and practices of Saudization, retention, pay and benefits and health insurance policies. The study of the Saudi case, thus adds value to the existing knowledge on diversity management.
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Abuhasel, Khaled, Mohamed Kchaou, Mohammed Alquraish, Yamuna Munusamy, and Yong Tzyy Jeng. "Oily Wastewater Treatment: Overview of Conventional and Modern Methods, Challenges, and Future Opportunities." Water 13, no. 7 (April 2, 2021): 980. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13070980.
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Industrial developments in the oil and gas, petrochemical, pharmaceutical and food sector have contributed to the large production of oily wastewater worldwide. Oily wastewater pollution affects drinking water and groundwater resources, endangers aquatic life and human health, causes atmospheric pollution, and affects crop production. Several traditional and conventional methods were widely reported, and the advantages and limitations were discussed. However, with the technology innovation, new trends of coupling between techniques, use of new materials, optimization of the cleaning process, and multiphysical approach present new paths for improvement. Despite these trends of improvement and the encouraging laboratory results of modern and green methods, many challenges remain to be raised, particularly the commercialization and the global aspect of these solutions and the reliability to reduce the system’s maintenance and operational cost. In this review, the well-known oily wastewater cleaning methods and approaches are being highlighted, and the obstacles faced in the practical use of these technologies are discussed. A critical review on the technologies and future direction as the road to commercialization is also presented to persevere water resources for the benefit of mankind and all living things.
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Hutagalung, Aldi M., Djoni Hartono, Maarten J. Arentsen, and Jon C. Lovett. "Economic implications of domestic natural gas allocation in Indonesia." International Journal of Energy Sector Management 13, no. 2 (June 3, 2019): 424–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijesm-05-2018-0003.
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Purpose The purpose of the paper is to provide to a better scientific understanding of Indonesia’s domestic gas allocation policy and its effects on the national economy and to answer the question of what best priorities can be set in allocating the natural gas for the domestic market to maximize the benefits for the national economy. Design/methodology/approach The authors apply a Computabled General Equilibrium (CGE). The Social Accounting Matrix 2008 is used to calibrate the CGE Model. There are two scenarios proposed, each is simulated with certain percentage of gas supply curtailment (50 MMSCFD, Scenario A), (100 MMSCFD, Scenario B). Findings It is confirmed that government’s current policy to give priority to oil production is not the optimum way to maximize added value of natural gas to Indonesian economy. While oil production generates state revenue, it is industry and petrochemical sector that induces high economic impacts because of strong backward and forward linkages. Research limitations/implications Due to the limited data availability, it is assumed that the data on the SAM 2008 are valid for describing the structure of Indonesian economy. Practical implications The paper provides recommendation to the government to revise gas allocation policy by changing the rank of consumers’ priority. Originality/value This paper provides instruments to measure the impact of Indonesia’s domestic gas allocation policy. Finding the best hierarchy of consumer priorities is essential for maximizing added value of natural gas for the national economy.
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Vallada, Douglas Da Silva, Carlos Alberto Mendes Moraes, and Paulo Ricardo Santos da Silva. "Thermal pyrolysis of LDPE and LLDPE films in post-consumer packaging." Revista Eletrônica em Gestão, Educação e Tecnologia Ambiental 24 (December 4, 2020): e23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2236117062698.
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Thermoplastics are increasingly present in the daily life of society in the most varied applications. Among the thermoplastics, polyethylene is the one that presents the higher volume of worldwide production and consumption. However, a large part of its applications are for products with a short shelf life, especially the food packaging sector. This way, they become expressive constituents in the composition of urban solid waste, leading to large quantities often being deposited in landfills. Pyrolysis appears as a technology for recycling plastic waste, allowing the recovery of the monomers that originated it. Through this thermochemical process, the waste is converted into three different products: oil or, in some cases wax, non-condensable gases, and a solid fraction named char. Thus, the goal of this study is to contribute for the development of pyrolysis as a technology for the final treatment of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) waste from post-consumer packaging, through the analysis of the influence of the pyrolysis temperature in the chemical composition of the oil produced, as well as the discussion of possible applications. For this purpose, the waste was initially characterized through analyses of attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), thermogravimetry (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The characterization experiments showed that the plastic waste is constituted of 4.07% ash, 0.52% fixed carbon, and 95.54% volatile matter, showing its great potential to produce pyrolytic oil. Thermal degradation of the waste initiated at around 410°C and continued through about 530°C, with maximum rate of thermal degradation at about 488°C. The pyrolysis process was carried out with 50g samples of post-consumer LDPE and LLDPE, previously agglutinated, with particle size ranging from 0.001mm to 4mm, in a horizontal quartz reactor, with an inert atmosphere of N2, heating rate of 10°C/min, and residence time of 30 minutes. The experiments were conducted with experimental temperatures of 500°C and 700°C, in order to verify the influence of the temperature in the chemical composition of the oil obtained in the process. The analysis of the oil collected at 500°C by infrared spectroscopy revealed a specter similar to the one of commercial diesel. Through gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, it was verified a composition constituted mostly by olefins (44%), from 8 to 35 carbon atoms, followed by paraffins (23.8%), and cycloparaffins (10%). There was also a considerable percentage of alpha-olefins, important for the petrochemical industry, and a percentage of aromatic compounds on a trace level. By varying the temperature to 700°C, an increase in the level of aromatic compounds to 16.6% occurred, accompanied by a decrease in the percentage of olefins, paraffins, and cycloparaffins. The oils obtained in both temperatures have potential for application in steam cracking or conventional catalytic cracking processes to obtain the raw materials of the petrochemical industry.
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Marinina, Oksana, Anna Tsvetkova, Yurii Vasilev, Nadejda Komendantova, and Anna Parfenova. "Evaluating the Downstream Development Strategy of Oil Companies: The Case of Rosneft." Resources 11, no. 1 (January 7, 2022): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources11010004.
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The relevance of this study is due to the low rate of development of the downstream sectors of Russian oil companies. Against a background of the sale of significant volumes of oil and gas raw materials, Russia lags behind world leaders in the production and consumption of petrochemical and chemical products, with their share in the gross domestic product of the country being only 1.1%. Connected to this is the issue of substantiating strategies of development for the downstream sectors of Russian oil companies, which requires detailed research. In this light, it is necessary to take into account current trends in the worldwide demand on petroleum products and also the opportunities and competitive advantages of Russian oil and gas companies in the creation and development of refineries with a consideration of modern technological, environmental, social and market criteria. The paper tests hypotheses about modernisation as a process of increasing efficiency in the development of the industry as a whole. The results of the study show that the planned pace of development in the industry by means of modernisation proves to be insufficient and requires additional investments in innovative development and new construction. The value of the research lies in the modelling of modernisation strategy options by the example of a large oil company, the estimation of results by the criteria of world average indices of technological efficiency of production and the analysis of these results by state indicators of branch development. The theoretical significance of the research lies in the possibility of using this research approach as an analogue.
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Jain, Mohit, and Ritu Srivastava. "Advertising or branding: it is different." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 10, no. 1 (February 14, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-04-2019-0086.
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Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Learning outcomes The learning outcomes are as follows: to understand the linkage between brand development and advertising/marketing communications plan; and to understand the critical role of branding for organizations and its clients against competition in a business-to-business environment. Case overview/synopsis The case presents a very dilemma faced by firms such as Bharat Oil Company in developing economies such as India. The public sector entities in India have always enjoyed state-vested power, authority and control. Employees in the organizations lack the appreciation for concepts such as branding and marketing communications. It is a similar situation with the case protagonist Deepak Dixit. The company has completed its first phase of marketing communications/advertising exercise for Prosell, the petrochemical brand. Deepak’s boss Aakash wants Deepak to prepare the marketing communications plan for the second phase of Prosell. Deepak’s meeting with the customers and line managers left him perturbed about the success of the first phase of brand Prosell. The case ends at a point where Deepak has to come up with a branding and marketing communications plan rather than an advertising plan. Research methods: this case is based on data gathered from primary interviews with the case protagonist (name disguised), five line managers and eleven actual business customers of the Bharat Oil Company. Secondary data has been collected from published reports and company website. The name of the company has been disguised. Complexity academic level Postgraduate, Executive, Undergraduate. Subject code CSS 8: Marketing.
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KAZANIN, A. G. "ANALYSIS OF STRATEGIC PRIORITIES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY IN THE YAMAL-NENETS AUTONOMOUS DISTRICT." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 3, no. 8 (2020): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2020.08.03.005.
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Russia is one of the most important players on the energy shelf of the Arctic zone, with significant economic, political and political interests in the region, which is associated with significant natural resources, in particular oil and gas, in the Russian Arctic territories. The article analyzes the strategies of social and economic development of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. The author identified the priorities of strategic regional development at the level of the oil and gas sector, which include the reorientation of the regional economy from gas production to the expansion of liquid hydrocarbon production, an increase in the region's share in the total volume of oil and condensate production in Russia, the expansion of oil and gas processing and petrochemicals in the region, the growth of production and transportation liquid hydrocarbons along the Northern Sea Route. Areas that are not given enough attention in the project approach are identified, and program activities for each period of the strategy implementation are analyzed.
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Hill, Karlheinz. "Fats and oils as oleochemical raw materials." Pure and Applied Chemistry 72, no. 7 (January 1, 2000): 1255–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200072071255.
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Vegetable oils and fats are important constituents of human and animal foodstuffs. Certain grades are industrially used and, together with carbohydrates and proteins, are important renewable resources compared to fossil and mineral raw materials, whose occurrence is finite. In concepts for new products, the price, performance, and product safety criteria are equally important and have a correspondingly high importance right at the start of product development. To ensure a high degree of product safety for consumers and the environment, renewable resources have often been shown to have advantages when compared with petrochemical raw materials and can therefore be regarded as being the ideal raw material basis. Results from oleochemistry show that the use of vegetable fats and oils allows the development of competitive, powerful products, which are both consumer-friendly and environment-friendly. Recently developed products, which fit this requirement profile, are the anionic surfactants cocomonoglyceride sulfate and the nonionic sugar surfactant alkyl polyglycoside. These products are used especially as mild surfactants in cosmetic formulations. In polymer applications derivatives of oils and fats, such as epoxides, polyols, and dimerizations products based on unsaturated fatty acids, are used as plastic additives or components for composites or polymers like polyamides and polyurethanes. In the lubricant sector fatty acid-based esters have proven to be powerful alternatives to conventional mineral oil products.
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Shoshanov, S. B., S. S. Makhanov, and L. N. Salykova. "ORGANIZATION OF REFINED PRODUCTS SALES IN KAZAKHSTAN." BULLETIN 389, no. 1 (February 10, 2021): 194–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2021.2518-1467.26.
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The article presents the main theoretical and methodological approaches to the sale of refined products. The views of scientists and economists on the sales of refined products and its categories are considered. Organization schemes of petroleum products sales on domestic and world markets, multilevel marketing system, routes of product movement (logistics chain of product movement) have been substantiated. The main documents (futures), risk insurance (hedging), planning the organization of sales of petroleum products, the impact of marketing programs on the choice of sales channel are considered. The article presents the formation of sales channels for petroleum products in vertically integrated oil companies. The tasks for timely provision of consumers with petroleum products have been clarified. The optimal choice of efficient schemes for cargo transportation of refined products, logistics schemes for their transportation and temporary storage, and rationality of transit forms of delivery of oil products to consumers are indicated. The main goals of achieving optimal sales systems for petroleum products by vertically integrated oil companies are revealed. The possibility of having special divisions for the sale and export of refined products by large oil companies is justified. The analysis of indicators of demand and supply of petrochemical products on the world markets with the author's positions on the current situation on the world oil markets in connection with the coronavirus pandemic. The analysis and assessment of production and consumption of basic petroleum products on the domestic markets of Kazakhstan is given. As a separate example, the analysis of diesel fuel consumption by regions and sectors of the national economy of Kazakhstan was carried out.
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Nguyen, Huu Luong. "Potential market and impact of clean hydrogen development to 2050 in Vietnam." Petrovietnam Journal 12 (December 28, 2021): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.47800/pvj.2021.12-04.
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Hydrogen plays an important role in the energy transition towards a zero-carbon economy. Blue hydrogen and green hydrogen are potential sources to replace fossil materials and fuels in the fields of refining - petrochemical, production of fertiliser, steel, cement, electricity, and transportation. The potential demand for clean hydrogen in these areas has been evaluated along with the impacts and benefits of hydrogen development. Accordingly, the potential hydrogen market can reach an output of 22 million tons/year by 2050. The development of hydrogen in the fields will create new markets with a total value of USD 100 billion in 2035 and USD 1,200 billion in 2050. In terms of the environment, replacing fossil materials and fuels with hydrogen reduces the total national CO2 emissions by 5.4%. In order to develop and complete the hydrogen value chain in Vietnam, it is necessary to set goals and roadmaps along with appropriate policies. Recognising the importance of hydrogen to the operation of the oil and gas and energy sectors in general, the Vietnam Oil and Gas Group (PVN) has developed a scientific research programme on the development of production, storage, transportation, distribution, and efficient use of hydrogen in Vietnam in the 2021 - 2025 period.
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bin Abd Majid, Mohd Amin, Rano Khan Wassan, and Ainul Akmar Mokhtar. "Semi-Quantitative Risk Assessment Matrix for Rotating Equipment." Advanced Materials Research 845 (December 2013): 647–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.845.647.
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In petrochemical, power generation, oil and gas industries and in variety of other sectors rotating equipments are in use to fulfill production requirements. Failure of rotating equipment, especially in such industries can result to risk related issues. A well implemented rotating equipment risk assessment strategy is most needed to achieve desired plant availability and efficiency. In this research semi-quantitative risk assessment approach is proposed to evaluate the risk of rotating equipment and categorize their associated failure risks. Borda ranking is adopted to evaluate the risk in order to minimize risk ties which exist in risk matrix. Compressor is taken as case study to show the applicability of the proposed method for rotating equipment. It was observed that risks of selected failure modes of gas turbine compressor fall in the categories of serious and medium levels based on risk matrix. Rotor bend distortion, blade failure or inlet guide vane failures needed more attention for treatment based on Borda ranking.
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Moliere, M. "Expanding fuel flexibility of gas turbines." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 219, no. 2 (March 1, 2005): 109–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095765005x6818.
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Gas turbines are continuous-flow engines that develop steady aerodynamics and flame kinetics. These features reduce the constraints placed on fuel properties for combustion and provide a considerable margin for clean combustion. In particular, heavy-duty gas turbines can operate on a large number of primary fuels that are available in many branches of the industry. These accessible fuels include natural gas (NG) and diesel fuel (DF), as well as a number of industry byproducts generated by the refining and petrochemical sectors, coal and oil and gas activities, steel and mining branches, and by the agricultural industry (biofuels). This fuel flexibility enhances the existing qualities demonstrated by gas turbines, such as efficiency, reliability, versatility in applications [mechanical drive, simple and combined cycle, combined heat and power (CHP)], strong integration potential [integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC), gas to liquid (GTL)], and low emissions. As a result, gas turbines that use local fuel resources, synfuels or industrial byproducts — and are deployed in simple or combined cycles or in CHP units — can play a prominent role in the creation of reliable, clean, and energy-efficient power systems. This article provides the energy community with comprehensive information about alternative gas turbine (GT) fuels, covering volatile fuels [naphtha, natural gas liquid (NGL), condensates], weak gas fuels from the coal/iron industry [coalbed gas, coke oven gas (COG), blast furnace gas (BFG)], ash-forming oils, and hydrogen-rich byproducts from refineries or petrochemical plants. The main technical considerations essential to the success of alternative fuel applications are reviewed and key experience milestones are highlighted. A special emphasis is placed on the combustion of hydrogen in gas turbines.
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Sobolčiak, Patrik, Anton Popelka, Aisha Tanvir, Mariam A. Al-Maadeed, Samer Adham, and Igor Krupa. "Some Theoretical Aspects of Tertiary Treatment of Water/Oil Emulsions by Adsorption and Coalescence Mechanisms: A Review." Water 13, no. 5 (February 28, 2021): 652. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13050652.
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The massive increase in the volumes of oily contaminated produced waters associated with various industrial sectors has initiated considerable technological and scientific efforts related to the development of new cleaning strategies. The petrochemical industry (oil and gas production and processing) contributes to those volumes by approximately 340 billion barrels per year. The removal of emulsified oily components is a matter of particular interest because the high emulsion stability necessitates sophisticated technological approaches as well as a deep theoretical understanding of key mechanisms of oil/water separation. This review deals with the theoretical aspects of the treatment of emulsified oil/water mixtures and is particularly focused on tertiary treatment, which means the reduction of the oil content from 70–100 ppm to below 10 ppm, depending on national regulations for water discharge. The review concerns the mechanisms of oil/water separation and it covers the (i) adsorption isotherms, (ii) kinetics of adsorption, (iii) interfacial interactions between oil/water mixtures and solid surfaces, and (iv) oil/water separation techniques based on the wettability of solid/oil/water interfaces. The advantages and drawbacks of commonly used as well as newly proposed kinetic and adsorption models are reviewed, and their applicability for the characterization of oil/water separation is discussed. The lack of suitable adsorption isotherms that can be correctly applied for a description of oil adsorption at external and internal solid surfaces of both nonporous and porous structures is pointed out. The direct using of common isotherms, which were originally developed for gas adsorption, often leads to the incorrect data description because the adsorption of oily components at solid surfaces does not fit the assumptions from which these models were originally derived. Particularly, it results in problematic calculations of the thermodynamic parameters of sorption. The importance of nonlinear analysis of data is discussed, since recent studies have indicated that the error structure of experimental data is usually changed if the original nonlinear adsorption isotherms are transformed into their linearized forms. The comparison between the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models was performed. It was shown that the correlation between data and models strongly depends on the selection of data, particularly on the frequency of collected data in time scale. The wettability of solid surfaces by oil in air and under water is discussed, regarding the surface morphology of surfaces. We demonstrate that the combination of surface chemistry and topology strongly influences the separation of oil/water emulsions.
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Cygańczuk, Krzysztof, and Paweł Wolny. "A Chance for the Climate. Fuel of the 21st Century – Analysis of the Perspective of Climate Neutrality on the Example of the Polish Hydrogen Strategy." Safety & Fire Technology 58, no. 2 (2021): 120–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.12845/sft.58.2.2021.7.
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Aim: This article attempts to present the issues related to the search for alternatives to energy resources in all sectors of the economy. The direction of the search is to choose “green energy” (in this case hydrogen), which, due to its potential wide application, is already beginning to be treated as an instrument of carbon neutrality. Most EU countries have agreed that they will be carbon-neutral by 2050, which should result in the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere by around 95% compared to the beginning of the gas emissions calculation in 1990. However, achieving emission neutrality will require a far-reaching elimination of emissions not only in the power sector, but also in other sectors (including industry, transport and heating). These areas still rely on emission fossil fuels (coal, crude oil and natural gas), which cannot be directly replaced with electricity from RES. Introduction: Hydrogen is not a source of energy, but it is a very effective carrier. Although it is practically not in the free state, it is very often found in the form of chemical compounds such as CH4 (methane) or H2O (water). In order to extract the energy it contains, it must be isolated from the molecules it is composed of. Hydrogen can be transported via gas pipelines (gaseous) or tankers (liquefied). It is currently used in the petrochemical industry, in - cluding for oil refining and chemical industry for the production of fertilizers, ammonia or methanol. Recently, hydrogen has become a topic that is often discussed in the public space in the context of climate protection (and thus decarbonisation of the economy). This fuel is credited with extraordinary potential and applicability in so many areas that it should be widely regarded as oil of the 21st century and a key element of the new energy policy. Moreover, the investment in hydrogen should support sustainable growth and job creation, which will be critical when recovering from the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: The article provides an overview of research questions and the most recent results of considerations. It presents a multidimensional and interdisciplinary analysis of the suitability of alternative fuels and the implementation of the related projects. The analysis of the topic was based on, among others, on the project of the Polish Hydrogen Strategy, which is important for the further development of research topics and cooperation in this field. Conclusions: For the energy sector that processes available forms of energy, hydrogen is probably a good choice for the future. It can be an alternative to natural gas in providing backup capacity for renewable energy sources that produce energy dependent on weather conditions (i.e. sun and wind). Hy- drogen, which has the advantage of high energy density, is also a good tool for storing renewable energy and for transmitting and distributing renewable energy over long distances. Due to this, green energy from regions of the world with high insolation and wind energy, such as Australia, Latin America or North Africa, could be transferred over long distances (taking into account losses in energy networks it would be a much more economical solution). It would not require high-cost investments in new infrastructure. The article deals with the aspects relating to all parts of the value chain – production, transmission, storage and use of hydrogen, taking into account the legal conditions at the national (Polish Hydrogen Strategy) and the EU level, and proposing sustainable support systems and measurable goals. Keywords: green hydrogen, synthetic fuel, renewable energy, solar fuel, hydrogen Article type: review article
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Matveev, I. E. "WORLD ENERGY ECONOMY AS A TRADITIONAL SPHERE OF APPLICATION OF NEW TECHNOLOGIES." International Trade and Trade Policy, no. 4 (December 20, 2018): 90–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2410-7395-2018-4-90-106.
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The article considers the current state of the world energy development, assesses the prospects of modernization of the sector in the context of global digitalization policy, examines energy resources and approaches to their consumption. Technological and organizational aspects of the formation of the energy sector, changes in trade in fuel and energy products, the current state of the industry in theRussian Federationare also considered. It was noted that digitalization, the use of other advanced technologies allow to ennoble the appearance of this sector, to make improvements to the existing system of production relations, to stimulate global demand for electronic and power products and develop of a number of other high-tech industries. Highly likely, the creation of smart-grid has an impact on the energy landscape, international and local trade of oil, gas, coal, petrochemicals and electricity and can contribute to the development of existing and the creation of new market niches and technologies (for example, energy sharing), ways of capital application in its various forms. The next level of global energy development can be reached on new knowledge, approach and technologies basis. In the new world, the key approach to the production and consumption of energy can be the principle of «From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs».