Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Ohlone'
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Espinoza, Hannah Brady. "The Sovereignty of Story: The Voices of Native American Women Continuing Indigenous Knowledge and Practice." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1429270316.
Full textThunander, Anna. "Clas Ohlsons levande minne." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Discourse Studies, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-1097.
Full textClas Ohlson startade ett företag i Insjön när han var 23 år gammal. Det började som ett enmansföretag och har nu vuxit till ett imperium, och nya butiker öppnar varje år. Som människa har han lämnat markanta spår efter sig i det lilla samhället i Dalarna. Här berättas om hans liv, hans minne och tvisten om hans grav.
Bergvall, Daniel, and Emma Lindgren. "Kommunicera, informera och modellera : Kommunikationsprocessen inom Clas Ohlson." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-162007.
Full textMatti, Lars. "Kvalitetssäkring av Clas Ohlson AB´s grafiska produktionsflöde." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Grafisk teknik, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-4369.
Full textLu, Qunfang Flora. "Bayesian forecasting of stock prices via the Ohlson model." Link to electronic thesis, 2005. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-050605-155155/.
Full textAndo, Juraj. "Heckscher-Ohlin Model - Theory and Empirical Performance." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-9135.
Full textAenehband, Pardis. "Hur kan ledare motivera vardagsarbetet? : En fallstudie om Clas Ohlson." Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Business Administration and Economics, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-102.
Full textThis bachelor thesis discus how store managers at Clas Ohlson motivate their co-workers at their everyday work.
Motivation at work is essential, since engaging co-works makes the everyday routine work more effective. Otherwise that type of work can easily lead to unhappiness at the workplace which leads to less motivated workers, poor performance, even less motivated workers and this will start a negative circle.
Other studies has shown that to in order to be pleased at a workplace and to keep qualified co-workers, the leaders needs to have knowledge in how they can use different techniques to increase staff motivation, but still motivation is not considered being an economic means of control. This has made me think about how leaders can motivate their workers at their everyday work.
The questions at issue are:
o How can leaders motivate co-workers in everyday work,
o Which preferences the leaders consider control the individual motivation and
o Which methods they can use to increase the motivation in the routine work.
The purpose with this thesis is to study how leaders use their leadership to motivate workers to perform everyday work with more enthusiasm. To answer the question I have interviewed store managers at Clas Ohlson.
In this thesis I have used a qualitative method, and I have compared relevant theories with the interviews I have done. Thus primary data has been gained through one-to-one interviews but also through mail interviews. Secondary data has its main source from literature studies, relevant to the subject but also articles from databases and Internet.
The result I have concluded with this study is that a number of factors influence the co-workers motivation in everyday work. These factors are well communicated company goal, competence development, good personnel policy, strong company culture and reward of different kind which are influenced strongly of the store managers, but also management role and konwledge as leaders.
I consider that Clas Ohlson has made use of all of these factors and my conclusion is based on the fact that workers in average stay longer at Clas Ohlson as employs than what they do in other retail stores.
Denna kandidatuppsats behandlar hur butikschefer på Clas Ohlson motiverar medarbetarna i vardagsarbetet.
Motivationen på en arbetsplats är betydelsefull eftersom engagerade medarbetare gör det vardagliga och slentrianmässiga arbetet mer effektivt. Det rutinartade arbetet kan annars lätt leda till vantrivsel på arbetsplasten som i sin tur leder till mindre motiverade arbetare, sämre prestation, ännu mindre motiverade arbetare och på så sätt har en ond cirkel skapats.
I olika studier har det bekräftats att för att trivas på en arbetsplats och för att behålla kompetenta medarbetare, behöver ledare ha kunskaper om hur de kan använder olika tekniker för att öka medarbetares motivation. Trots detta betraktas inte motivation som ett ekonomiskt styrmedel. Detta har fått mig att fundera på hur ledarna kan motivera medarbetarna i vardagsarbetet.
De frågeställningar jag utgår ifrån är:
o Hur ledare uppfattar att de motiverar medarbetarna i vardagsarbetet,
o Vilka preferenser lederna anser styr individernas motivation och
o Vilka metoder de kan använda för att öka motivationen i det rutinmässiga arbetet.
Syftet med denna uppsats är att studera hur ledarna själva uppfattar att de använder sitt ledarskap för att motivera medarbetare att utföra vardagliga arbetsuppgifter på utomordentligt sätt. För att besvara syftet riktar jag mig mot butikscheferna på företaget Clas Ohlson.
Jag har i denna uppsats anammat kvalitativ metod där jag i analysen satt relevant teori mot de underlag jag har fått genom intervjuer. Således har primär data samlats in genom personliga intervjuer men även genom mailintervjuer. Sekundär data har samlats in i form av litteraturstudier som berör ämnet men även artiklar från databaser och Internet.
Det resultat jag presenterar visar att det är ett antal faktorer som påverkar medarbetarens motivation i vardagsarbetet. Faktorer såsom välkommunicerade företagsmål, kompetensutveckling, god personalpolitik, stark företagskultur och belöningar av olika slag som påverkas starkt av butikscheferna, men även ledarens roll och kunskap som ledare.
Jag anser att Clas Ohlson har tagit väl tillvara på dessa faktorer och detta grundar jag bland annat på att medarbetarna på Clas Ohlson stannar längre som anställd än hos övriga detaljhandeln.
Yau, Kayan. "Clas Ohlsons etablering i Norge : En fallstudie ur ett situationsanpassningsperpektiv." Thesis, Stockholm University, School of Business, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-6284.
Full text”When in Rome, do as Romans do”. Detta ordspråk myntades 387 e. Kr av St. Ambrose när han uttryckte ”när jag är i Rom fastar jag på lördagar; när jag är i Milano, gör jag inte det”. Efter hand kom det att innebära, ta seden dit du kommer. Detta gamla talesätt kan även tillämpas när inhemska företag utvidgar deras verksamhet utanför de nationella gränserna, där den naturliga strategin enligt St. Ambrose skulle vara en anpassning till de nya förhållandena som uppstår på en ny marknad. Anpassning kan dock komma i konflikt med de visioner, mål och strategier som företagen upprättat på hemmamarknaden. En alternativ situationanpassningsstrategi är standardisering. Syftet med denna studie är att analysera hur företag agerar vid etablering på en ny marknad. Vidare avser studien att undersöka hur och om företag tenderar att anpassa sina visioner, mål och strategier vid etablering utomlands. För att uppnå detta syfte har författaren genomfört en kvalitativ fallstudie med Clas Ohlson AB i fokus. Situationsanpassningsteorier och strategier var utgångspunkten i denna studie, vilket karaktäriserar ett deduktivt tillvägagångssätt. Intervjuer med Clas Ohlsons VD för dotterbolaget i Norge samt etableringschefen vid huvudkontoret i Insjön har genomförts för att insamla relevant information i avsikt att besvara studiens syfte. En övergripande slutsats författaren kom fram till var att en situationsanpassning inte var nödvändig i Clas Ohlsons fall. Det kan ifrågasättas huruvida Clas Ohlson endast har turen med sig eller om deras expansion i hög grad varit välplanerad. Många faktorer indikerar att det senare alternativet är det riktiga.
Lima, Aline Nast de. "Evidências empíricas do modelo de Ohlson (1995) para o Brasil." Universidade do Vale do Rio do Sinos, 2008. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/2825.
Full textNenhuma
A proposta deste estudo é testar empiricamente se o modelo de avaliação da firma proposto por Ohlson, em 1995, produz estimativas adequadas para os dados das principais empresas brasileiras listadas na Bolsa de Valores de São Paulo (Bovespa) no período de 2002 a 2005. Destaca-se que a aplicação empírica de todas as premissas desse modelo ainda é relativamente escassa e controversa para mercados emergentes. Foram testadas as funções de preço e retorno de Ohlson (1995), cada qual com diferentes especificações, de acordo com os resultados obtidos para os parâmetros de persistência do resultado anormal e da variável "outra informação". Dessa forma, o presente estudo adotou duas metodologias para estimar empiricamente as funções descritas, as quais divergem fundamentalmente quanto ao tratamento de dados aplicado, dadas às limitações inerentes ao tamanho da amostra utilizada. A primeira metodologia desenvolvida estritamente conforme os pressupostos teóricos de Ohlson (1995) consistiu em testar o modelo através de u
This study aims at empirically testing whether the equity valuation model as proposed by Ohlson in 1995 fits the data from the major Brazilian companies listed on Sao Paulo Stock Exchange (Bovespa), in the period 2002-2005. It has been highlighted that the empirical application of all the premises of this model is still relatively rare and controvert for emerging markets. Ohlson’s (1995) price and return functions have been tested, each with different specifications, according to the results obtained for the persistence parameters of both the abnormal earnings and the “other information” variable. Thus, the present study has adopted two methodologies to empirically estimate the functions mentioned above, which fundamentally diverge as to the data treatment applied, given the limitations inherent to the size of the sample used. The first methodology strictly developed according to the theoretical assumptions of Ohlson (1995) was testing the model through a cross section cut-off analysis for a 53-stock panel
Ohland, Jörg [Verfasser]. "Entwicklung einer Standardmethode zur Beurteilung der Abschreckwirkung von Abschrecksystemen / Jörg Ohland." Aachen : Shaker, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1124364781/34.
Full textGuimar??es, Carla Caricatti. "Impacto do ISE no valor de empresa obtido pelo modelo Ohlson." FECAP - Faculdade Escola de Com??rcio ??lvares Penteado, 2010. http://132.0.0.61:8080/tede/handle/tede/470.
Full textSeveral stock exchanges (BM&FBOVESPA, NYSE, London Stock Exchange, among others) are expanding their offerings of socially responsible investments. One can justify this fact by increasing the demand for that type of investment. The Sustainability indexes as the ISE - Corporate Sustainability Index or DJSI - Dow Jones Sustainability Index propagate the idea that these companies that include in their business strategy, social, environmental and financial actions are better prepared for future challenges. The objective of this dissertation was to investigate whether the presence or the passage of the ISE companies can influence its value in the long run. The sample was formed by 646 firms listed on BM&FBOVESPA, obeying its classifications of economic sectors; the period considered was from 1999 to 2009, in a data panel regression. The Ohlson model (1995) was chosen for valuation of companies, because it??s a model that uses accounting variables such as book value and earnings to account for company value. The Ohlson model (1995) was validated in the statistical test, so it can explain the value of the firm for BM&FBOVESPA companies during the study period. The relationship between participating in the ISE and the company value was not statistically significant in this period. This result is contrary to the message conveyed by BM&FBOVESPA that in the long run, companies that practice Sustainability actions will generate greater value to investors.
Diversas bolsas de valores (BM&FBOVESPA, Bolsa de Nova York, Bolsa de Londres, entre outras) est??o ampliando suas ofertas de investimentos socialmente respons??veis. Pode-se justificar tal fato pelo aumento da procura desse tipo de investimento. Os ??ndices de sustentabilidade empresarial como o ISE - ??ndice de sustentabilidade empresarial ou DJSI - Dow Jones Sustainability Index propagam a id??ia de que essas empresas, que incluem na sua estrat??gia de neg??cio, a????es sociais, ambientais e financeiras, est??o melhor preparadas para os desafios futuros. O objetivo desta disserta????o foi investigar se a perman??ncia ou a passagem das empresas pelo ISE conseguem influenciar seu valor de empresa a longo prazo. A amostra foi formada pelas 646 empresas listadas na BM&FBOVESPA, obedecendo suas classifica????es dos setores econ??micos da Econom??tica; o per??odo considerado foi de 1999 a 2009; foi usada a t??cnica estat??stica de regress??o com dados em painel. Foi escolhido o modelo Ohlson (1995) para avalia????o das empresas, por ser um modelo que utiliza vari??veis cont??beis como o patrim??nio l??quido e os lucros para explicar valor de empresa. O modelo Ohlson (1995) foi validado no teste estat??stico, isto ??, ele consegue explicar o valor de empresa das empresas da BM&FBOVESPA no per??odo pesquisado. A rela????o entre participar do ISE e o valor de empresa n??o foi estatisticamente significativa, nesse per??odo. Esse resultado ?? contr??rio ?? mensagem transmitida pela BM&FBOVESPA de que, a longo prazo, as empresas que praticam a????es sustent??veis gerar??o maior valor aos investidores.
Rios, Heron Marcos Teixeira. "Trade policy in a dynamic Heckscher-Ohlin model." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/16659.
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The Import Substitution Process in Latin Amer ica was an attempt to enhance GDP growth and productivity by rising trade barriers upon capital-intensive products. Our main goal is to analyze how an increase in import tariff on a particular type of good affects the production choices and trade pattern of an economy. We develop an extension of the dynamic Heckscher-Ohlin model – a combination of a static two goods, two-factor Heckscher-Ohlin model and a two-sector growth model – allowing for import tariff. We then calibrate the closed economy model to the US. The results show that the economy will produce less of both consumption and investment goods under autarky for low and high levels of capital stock per worker. We also find that total GDP may be lower under free trade in comparison to autarky.
Åhlén, Katrin, and Isabelle Käller. "Konkursprediktion i svenska detaljhandelsföretag : En jämförelse av fyra modeller för konkursprognostisering." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-28424.
Full textGonçalves, Raphael Pazzetto. "O valor da empresa e a informação contábil: um estudo nas empresas petrolíferas listadas na bolsa de valores de Nova York (NYSE)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/96/96133/tde-19052008-140423/.
Full textThis work investigates the relevance of accounting to explain the behavior of oil companies\' stock prices negotiated on NYSE. This investigation is based on Ohlson\'s model (1995). To achieve our goal, we performed empirical experiments with the aim to test three main hypotheses: (i) the evaluation based on future account results is as relevant as the evaluation based on future dividends; (ii) the current prices can be significantly explained by variables found in account reports submitted to SEC; (iii) the account result significantly incorporates the economical results of these companies. The sample data we used are related to 46 companies of the oil and gas sectors within 2002 to 2006. Our results have shown that, for this sample, the evaluation method based on future dividends present better results when compared to the future account results method. We have also detected that both account variables - book value and account profit - have similar relevance to explain the stock prices. Additionally, from the seven tested variables which were derived from oil reserves information, only three have significant statistical results. We can also conclude that the negative results are not incorporated more significantly than the results as a whole, by these same companies.
PAREDES, Breno José Burgos. "Análise de valuation: aplicação do Modelo de Ohlson no mercado de ações brasileiro." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2016. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/19682.
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A avaliação de empresas apresenta-se como um tema relevante tanto para a literatura quanto para o mercado financeiro, uma vez que os agentes econômicos possuem interesse em precificar estes ativos. O presente estudo buscou avaliar o impacto dos indicadores PIB per capita, Inflação, Taxa de Juros, Taxa de Câmbio, risco, Governança Corporativa, Sustentabilidade Empresarial e crise dentro do processo de valuation das empresas brasileiras listadas nos segmentos estudados, de 1995 e 2013, por meio do Modelo de Ohlson (MO) (1995). A amostra foi composta pelos segmentos Petróleo e Gás, Siderurgia, Construção, Energia Elétrica e Financeiro da Bovespa. Esta dissertação foi estruturada com base em dois artigos, o primeiro analisou o efeito das variáveis macroeconômicas e de risco no processo de formação de valor das empresas, já o segundo, objetivou capturar o impacto dos aspectos de Governança Corporativa, Sustentabilidade Empresarial e Crise por meio de variáveis dummies. A principal contribuição deste trabalho está no uso das variáveis Risco, Governança Corporativa, Sustentabilidade Empresarial e Crise no processo de valuation. Os resultados indicam que o MO foi capaz de mensurar o valor de mercado das organizações, bem como, as variáveis SELIC, Taxa de Câmbio, IPCA, Risco e Crise demonstraram ser influenciadoras do processo de valoração. Contudo, as variáveis Governança Corporativa e Sustentabilidade Empresarial não apresentaram significância estatística. Tais achados demonstram a necessidade do aprofundamento do estudo sobre estas temáticas dentro do processo de valuation.
The company valuation is presented as an important issue both for literature and for the financial market, since economic agents have interest in pricing these assets. This study aimed to assess the impact of GDP indicators per capita, Inflation, Interest Rate, Exchange Rate Risk, Corporate Governance, Corporate Sustainability and crisis within the valuation process of Brazilian companies listed in the segments studied, 1995 and 2013, through the Ohlson's Model (1995). The sample was composed of the segments Oil and Gas, Steel, Construction, Energy and Financial Bovespa. This dissertation was structured based on two articles, the first analyzed the effect of macroeconomic variables and risk in the process of formation of the company value, as the second, aimed to capture the impact of aspects of Corporate Governance, Corporate Sustainability and Crisis through of dummy variables. The main contribution of this work is the use of variables Risk, Corporate Governance, Corporate Sustainability and Crisis in the valuation process. The results indicate that the Ohlson's Model was able to measure the market value of organizations, as well as the SELIC variables, Exchange Rate, IPCA, Risk and Crisis proved influencing the evaluation process. However, the variables Corporate Governance and Corporate Sustainability were not statistically significants. Such findings demonstrate the need to study the deepening of these issues within the valuation process.
Dutra, Gonzalo. "Evidência no mercado brasileiro do modelo Edwards - Bell - Ohlson para avaliar companhias." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/38326.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Sociais Aplicadas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Contabilidade. Defesa: Curitiba, 2015
Inclui referências : fls. 125-137
Área de concentração : Contabilidade e finanças
Resumo: Este estudo tem por objetivo testar empiricamente, nas companhias listadas na BM&FBOVESPA, a validade do modelo de avaliação conhecido como EBO desenvolvido por Edwards e Bell (1961) e aprimorado por Ohlson (1995). Dessa forma a pesquisa analisa a validade do modelo EBO para identificar ações subavaliadas e sobreavaliadas que poderiam gerar oportunidades de investimento com rentabilidade anormal para investidores. A metodologia usada considera: (i) revisão bibliográfica que providencia o embasamento teórico no campo de Valuation, (ii) pesquisa quantitativa-empírica quanto à abordagem do problema. O levantamento teórico abrangeu as abordagens mais destacadas de avaliação de empresas (Fluxos de Caixa Descontados, Modelos baseados na Contabilidade, Avaliação Relativa e Modelo de Precificação de Opções) para finalmente aprofundar na teoria subjacente do Modelo de Lucros Residuais proposto por Edwards e Bell (1961) e Ohlson (1995). Para avaliar a performance do modelo EBO, três (3) hipotéticos portfólios foram criados. Inicialmente as ações foram avaliadas pelo modelo EBO, que forneceu uma decisão de investimento após comparar os valores resultantes do modelo EBO com os preços das ações. Em seguida, por meio de testes t de diferenças de médias, foram avaliados os desempenhos dos portfólios sub- e sobreavaliados. Os resultados empíricos confirmam, com base nos 10 anos da amostra usada, que o modelo de Edwards-Bell (1961) e Ohlson (1995), consegue consistentemente classificar corretamente as ações sub e sobreavaliadas. Portanto, o modelo EBO é um instrumento útil para avaliar decisões de investimento no mercado acionário brasileiro. O estudo conclui que modelo EBO fornece um critério de avaliação teoricamente sólido e empiricamente válido para companhias brasileiras. Palavras-chave: Precificação de Ativos, Mercados de Capitais, Modelo de Retornos Anormais, Gestão de Portfólios, Modelo de Edwards-Bell e Ohlson.
Abstract: This dissertation empirically tests the validity of the Edwards-Bell (1961) and Ohlson (1995) Valuation Model (EBO) by applying this model to Brazilian companies listed on the BM&FBOVESPA. The research examines the utilization of the EBO model in identifying under- and overvalued corporations which can provide abnormal returns to an investor. The methodology includes (i) literature review of valuation theory, and (ii) a quantitative assessment of the EBO model's valuation results. The initial phase of the research is to substantiate the EBO model by employing leading research approaches to valuation. The used approaches are Discounted Cash Flows, Accounting Based Models, Relative Valuation and Black-Scholes Option Pricing Models. Finally, a deeper review of Residual Income Models (EDWARDS-BELL 1961, OHLSON 1995) is conducted. To assess the performance of the EBO Model three (3) hypothetical equity-investment portfolios were created. Firstly individual assets were valued by the EBO model, which provided an investment decision by comparing the EBO model's outcomes to the assets' prices. Then through t-tests of difference between two means, under- and overvalued portfolios' performances were assessed. According to results, based on 10 years' sample data, the Edwards-Bell (1961) and Ohlson (1995) Model consistently succeeds in determining which equities are over- or undervalued. Therefore, the EBO model is a beneficial instrument in evaluating equity investment decisions in the Brazilian marketplace. Thus, the study concludes that EBO Model provides a valuation criteria that is both theoretical sound and empirically valid for Brazilian companies. Keywords: Asset Valuation, Asset Pricing, Capital Markets, Residual Income Valuation, Intrinsic Value, Portfolio Management, Edwards-Bell and Ohlson Model.
Peters, Thomas, and Vincent Twint. "The servicescape and the effects on interaction : A case study of Clas Ohlson." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hållbar samhälls- och teknikutveckling, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-12497.
Full textImeri, Dodona, and Kajany Varatharajah. "Internkommunikation av CSR : - En fallstudie av hur CSR internt förmedlas inom Clas Ohlson." Thesis, KTH, Industriell produktion, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-101778.
Full textThe increased transparency in society has led to the fact that more and more companies activelywork with Corporate Social Responsibility, CSR. However, not all companies get the credit fortheir effort. This is due to the fact that the external communication has lacked. When the consumer awareness in this matter is low, the competition benefit that comes with CSR is lost. At the same time, an exaggerated marketing of the firms CSR-policy will only have the opposite effect. A source that is underutilized in this matter is the employees of a company. The employees are usually the ones that have the most contact with company’s stakeholders, customers. Investing in the development of ones employees can bring great advantages in the work of the external communication. In this report the value of en effective internal communication of CSR is examined through acase study. The company is a retail company in Sweden called Clas Ohlson. The thesis throughout the study has considered three general areas. How the CSR-policy is communicated, how the employees relate to it and how this effects the external communication. Clas Ohlson has a rich information flow where they use several types of communicationchannels. A few examples of these are the company newspapers and informal meetings. The store managers at Clas Ohlson feel that the CSR-policy is genuine and would like to learn more about it. They do however feel a lack of guidelines on how to implement this knowledge in their daily work. This results in the fact that they don’t discuss the subject in a favorable amount. In turn this effects the external communication of the CSR-policy in a negative way. Thus a great deal of the competition edge that comes along with an effective CSR-policy is lost. Keywords: Employees, Store Managers, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Commitment, Internal Communication, Word of Mouth (WoM).
Toubal, Rana, and Karl Hjelm. "Clas Ohlson : Hur påverkas styrningen i ett företag i och med en börsintroduktion?" Thesis, Stockholm University, School of Business, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-6535.
Full textThe purpose of this report is to examine what will happen with the financial control of a company if changes from a family owned company to a public company listed on a stock market. The expectations were that the control would have a more short-term focus with more financial measures. The result shows that the changes were experienced as minor. The rate and the work in the finance department showed to be the major changes due to the change of owners.
Svedberg, Hannes. "En oanständig frälsare : Marcella Althaus-Reids kristologi och Elisabeth Ohlson Wallins Ecce Homo." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Systematisk teologi med livsåskådningsforskning, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-225918.
Full textSchuch, Gabriel Medaglia. "Modelo de Ohlson (1995) na avaliação de empresas : uma análise empírica no Brasil." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/75853.
Full textThis paper conducted an empirical application of the Ohlson model (1995) for the main Brazilian companies listed on the BM&FBovespa in the period 1996-2010, in order to verify the consistency of the model in predicting stock prices. Since the method for using this model is divergent in the literature, it was decided the use of panel data methodology for this study, which considers both, the individual characteristics of each company and the specific factors for certain periods. It was developed two empirical tests for the model, one for the price function and another for the return function. The results showed that the model was rejected in the Brazilian capital market for both functions.
Cioffi, Patrícia Leite de Moraes. "O modelo de Ohlson aplicado ao mercado de capitais brasileiro para verificar a sinalização dos dividendos no valor e na avaliação das empresas abertas." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2009. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/1337.
Full textThis study used Ohlson´s model (1995, 2001) of firm valuation, which does connection between accounting data and market values, in order to test the dividend signaling effect in two aspects: in the effective value and in the valuation of Brazilian firms. In the sample it was considered BM&FBovespa listed companies, from 1997 to 2007. First, it was verified if dividends could be considered as a proxy for information that helps predict future abnormal earnings, in order to test the signaling effect in the equity market value of the firms. Further, it was examined the dividend relevance in the analysts forecasts. The purpose was to prove if dividends could have a signaling effect in the analysts valuation, and if they could reduce information asymmetry, that is forecast errors. The results evidenced the dividend positive pricing in the firm values, according to studies made abroad Rees (1997), Fama e French (1998), Giner e Rees (1999) e Akbar e Stark (2003) e Hand e Landsman (2005) and also in Brazil Correia e Amaral (2002), Novis e Saito (2003), Bruni et al. (2003) e Famá et al. (2008). However, this positive result could not be addressed to the signaling effect of future profit expectation. But, the evidences led to consider dividends as relevant to investors because of risk aversion, according to Bird in the Hand Theory, presented by Gordon and Lintner (1968). Regarding the analyst forecasts, the dividend signaling was confirmed. It was found that signaling effect occurred because of the less information asymmetry provided by firms that distribute dividends. It meant that the forecast errors were smaller for these companies. Moreover, the analysts´ future revenue expectations reflected that other information still not figured in the financial statements, beyond past performance and dividends, was not controlled in the adopted model
O estudo utilizou o Modelo de Ohlson (1995, 2001) de avaliação de empresas, que faz uma conexão entre dados contábeis e valores de mercado, para testar o efeito de sinalização dos dividendos em dois aspectos: no valor efetivo e na avaliação de empresas brasileiras. Na amostra foram consideradas as empresas abertas negociadas na BM&FBovespa, no período de 1997 a 2007. Primeiramente, verificou-se se os dividendos poderiam ser considerados como uma proxy para outras informações que colaboram para a previsão de retornos anormais futuros, com o objetivo de testar o efeito de sinalização no valor de mercado das empresas. Posteriormente, foi examinada a relevância dos dividendos nas previsões de analistas. O propósito foi comprovar se os dividendos poderiam ter efeito de sinalização nas avaliações dos analistas e se poderiam reduzir a assimetria informacional, ou seja, os erros de previsão. Os resultados evidenciaram que os dividendos têm efeito positivo no valor das empresas, de acordo com estudos feitos no exterior Rees (1997), Fama e French (1998), Giner e Rees (1999) e Akbar e Stark (2003) e Hand e Landsman (2005) e também no Brasil Correia e Amaral (2002), Novis e Saito (2003), Bruni et al. (2003) e Famá et al. (2008). Entretanto, este resultado positivo não pôde ser atribuído ao efeito de sinalização de lucratividade futura. Mas, as evidências levaram a considerar os proventos como relevantes aos investidores em razão da aversão ao risco, conforme a Teoria do Pássaro na Mão, apresentada por Gordon e Lintner (1968). Em relação às projeções de analistas, evidenciou-se a sinalização de dividendos. Constatou-se que o efeito de sinalização ocorreu por causa da menor assimetria informacional proporcionada por empresas que provêm dividendos. Isto significou que os erros nas previsões foram menores para estas empresas. Ademais, a expectativa de lucros futuros feitas por analistas refletiram que outras informações ainda não contempladas nas demonstrações financeiras, além do desempenho passado e dos dividendos, não foram controladas pelo modelo adotado
Choi, Young-Soo. "The reliability and the applicability of the residual income-based valuation model : theoretical augmentation of the linear information dynamics model and its validity compared with Ohlson and Edwards-Bell-Ohlson approaches." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.403802.
Full textHåkansson, Linn, and Lisa Rydberg. "Vi vill att du är med oss på lång sikt : En fallstudie om Clas Ohlsons låga personalomsättning,motivationsstrategier och medarbetarnas motivation." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Företagsekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-28005.
Full textPurpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate if Clas Ohlson employee turnover can be a result of the company's motivation strategies and the employee motivation. Research questions: Does the organization see both advantages and disadvantages with their low turnover? What strategies does the organization and management have regarding employee motivation? Does the employees experience motivation based on these strategies? Method: Through a case study on Clas Ohlson we did a triangulation using a HR-partner, three store managers and employees. Through qualitative interviews and quantitative surveys, the collected empirical material was analyzed qualitatively. The study was conducted through a hermeneutic and deductive approach. The theoretical reference framework is based on models and theories as well as scientific articles and literature. Conclusions: The study show that most of the participators of employees of Clas Ohlson do feel motivated at work and their workplace. If the company low turnover is a result of the company's motivation strategies is not shown clearly in the study. However, the study does show that the employees do feel motivated to stay in the company and the majority see themselves work at Clas Ohlson in the future.
Fadinger, Harald. "Essays on trade and technology." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7384.
Full textNordin, Niklas, and Mattias Söderberg. "Kommunikation av Corporate Social Responsibility : - En fallstudie om kommunikation i perspektiv avföretaget Clas Ohlson." Thesis, KTH, Industriell produktion, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-102412.
Full textAs globalization and society trends grow, it has become more important for companies to take a broader responsibility for their actions. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) comprises economic, legal, ethical and philanthropic responsibilities and means that the companies have to work after laws, own initiative and stakeholder expectations. Being good at something is to be good at communicating it, to communicate CSR. Subjects such as transparency, strategy and being able to send right information through the right medium that ends up at the right recipient is vital. This report is meant to describe and create an understanding about how a retail company communicate their CSR-work in a successfully way. To accomplish this, the theories on CSR, stakeholders and strategies for communicating CSR have been studied. After that the company Clas Ohlson has been studied through qualitative interviews with an employee (communications manager) and a supplier (anonymous). Collected empirical data has later been reconnected with the theory basis and conclusions have been drawn. The conclusions point that Clas Ohlson has a good communication with their suppliers and consumers, but there is a potential to become better. In these areas of improvement is considered that a greater two-way communication relating to stakeholder response strategy is central. Further concrete suggestions on CSR-channels that can lead to a rise in their philanthropic responsibility and stimulate suppliers interest for sustainability and questions around CSR is given. The CSR-forum of Clas Ohlson show good engagement and in both short- and long-term it appears to be good potential for increased effort in several segments. Keywords: Corporate social responsibility, communication, strategy, transparency
Stromann, Hilke. "Wertrelevanz deutscher und US-amerikanischer Rechnungslegungsinformationen : theoretische und empirische Analyse des Feltham-Ohlson-Modells /." Wiesbaden : Deutscher Univ.-Verl, 2003. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/361773366.pdf.
Full textHedlund, Tim, and Josefin Höglund. "Utredning av brandbelastning och produktkategoriers förbränningsvärme : En studie av Clas Ohlson DC, Insjön, Dalarna." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-75268.
Full textThe demand on larger storage areas has become more apparent in recent years among companies around the world. This has created a trend where warehouses are continuously being build larger and higher. Because fires in warehouses can develop very quickly with devastating consequences, it is important that these buildings get proper fire protection. Therefore, it is necessary to have good knowledge about storage content, amount of content and the contents fire properties. An important parameter for fire growth is the anticipated energy from a fully developed fire, or more precisely the buildings fire load density which is specified in MJ/m2. To analytically define the fire load density for a building it is necessary to consider both the permanent and the variable fire load density. For warehouses it is normal that the fire load density has a large variation over time because of the amount being stored is continually fluctuating. This creates problems when trying to define the fire load density because none of the traditional methods accounts for variation over time for the individual building. Instead the variable fire load density its often defined according to the variation over a population of buildings. The main purpose of this analysis has been to define the fire load density according to a variation over time. The analysis has been tested on Clas Ohlson's distribution central, DC, which handles and stores a wide selection of products organized in eight product categories. To calculate the variable fire load density, an untraditional method has been used and adjusted for the analysis. A great number of products in each category has been randomly selected to represent the characteristic heat of combustion in their category. These calculated values combined with a historic data of the amount of stored products in DC, has been used to statically define the distribution of the fire load density. Where the 80e-percentile of the statistical distribution of the fire load density has been used to define the fire load density as well as the fire load. With the accessible storage history data, the heat of combustion for the different categories and the design dimensions of DC the fire load density was calculated to 2 952 MJ/m2 with a total fire load of roughly 227 million MJ. The result also shows that the calculated heat of combustion for the different categories has a great difference, where the highest and the lowest heat of combustion was calculated to roughly 32 respectively 10 MJ/kg. The calculated fire load density can be considered high, but it should be considered reasonable because in simplified design the value is assumed to be higher or equal to 1 600 MJ/m2. However, it is not reasonable to assume that all areas in DC has a uniform fire load density. According to the results from this analysis it can be considered acceptable to define fire load density in accordance with the variation over time for the observed object. The method is suitable for building types that has a great variating fire load density under the building’s lifespan and where lower fire load density’s that the simplified designs values can be verified. For this method to be efficient to apply it is necessary to have great knowledge about theVcontents heat of combustion as well as availability to historical data over the amount stored content in the building.
Kare, Sridhar, Rajuldevi Mahesh Kumar, and Ranjit Veeramachaneni. "Warehousing in theory and practice : A case study at ÖoB, Clas Ohlson, Stadium, Åhlens." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Ingenjörshögskolan, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-19356.
Full textBengtsson, Sofie. "Intern kommunikation av värderings- och imagerelaterade frågor Medarbetarnas roll i hållbarhetsarbetet på Clas Ohlson." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Biblioteks- och informationsvetenskap / Bibliotekshögskolan, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-17825.
Full textProgram: Magisterutbildning i strategisk information och kommunikation
El, Yahchouchi Georges. "Modèles Feltham-Ohlson et parties prenantes de création de valeur : méthodes et relations empiriques." Bordeaux 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR40029.
Full textHERNANDEZ, BEATRIZ CRISTINA MURIEL. "THREE ASSAYS ON HECKSCHER-OHLIN PREDICTIONS: THEORETICAL QUESTIONS AND EMPIRICAL TESTS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2004. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=5937@1.
Full textEsta tese discute três questões em torno das previsões de Heckscher-Ohlin (HO). A primeira se relaciona com o impacto da abertura comercial sobre o aumento na desigualdade salarial nos Estados Unidos, e apresenta resultados consistentes com esta premissa quando se leva em conta a distorção provocada pelos níveis de sindicalização dos trabalhadores não qualificados. A segunda discute as implicações teóricas e empíricas das fontes de vantagens comparativas reveladas pelo comércio em um dado país, propondo-se dois refinamentos teóricos à literatura: as diferenças tecnológicas entre países e entre períodos. Com base neste debate estudam-se as fontes de vantagens comparativas no Brasil e mostrase que o país é rico em trabalho não-qualificado, estoque capital e terra, mas escasso em trabalho qualificado. Por fim, estuda-se o impacto das políticas de livre comércio - ocorridas na década de noventa - sobre o mercado de trabalho brasileiro, levando em conta as mudanças tecnológicas. Todos os testes elaborados são consistentes com as previsões de HO, já as inovações tecnológicas tiveram efeitos contrários à abertura comercial no mercado de trabalho.
This thesis analyzes three questions around the Heckscher- Ohlin (HO) predictions. The first one is related to trade impact on the increase of wage inequality in the United States, and presents results that are consistent with this argument when the distortion caused by unions of unskilled workers is taken into account. The second one studies the theoretical and empirical concerns related to the comparative advantages sources that are revealed by a country international trade. It is added two theoretical considerations to the literature: technological differences between countries and between periods. Based on this debate the comparative advantages sources are determined to Brazil, showing that this country is rich in unskilled workers, capital and land, but scarce in skilled workers. Finally, the impact of free international trade policies - occurred in the 90s - on the Brazilian labor market is evaluated, taking into account the technological changes. The tests elaborated are consistent with the HO predictions, and technological innovations present contrary effects to openness on labor market.
Oesterreich, Babett [Verfasser], and Knut [Gutachter] Ohlsen. "Preclinical development of an immunotherapy against antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus / Babett Oesterreich ; Gutachter: Knut Ohlsen." Würzburg : Universität Würzburg, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1148944478/34.
Full textOhlsen, Niels [Verfasser], Ines [Akademischer Betreuer] Weller, Ines [Gutachter] Weller, and Uwe [Gutachter] Engel. "Klimawandelbewusstsein und Akzeptanz erneuerbarer Energien / Niels Ohlsen ; Gutachter: Ines Weller, Uwe Engel ; Betreuer: Ines Weller." Bremen : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Bremen, 2018. http://d-nb.info/118840640X/34.
Full textFalk, Alice. ""Is this some kind of IKEA" : - en semiotisk analys av Clas Ohlsons reklamfilmer i Storbritannien." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för mediestudier, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-95067.
Full textStrandberg, Emma, and Ruge Ditte Boysen. "A safe workplace in a pandemic : En retorisk analys av Clas Ohlsons internkommunikation under Coronapandemin." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för humaniora, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-34308.
Full textWestergård, Cecilia. "Konsten och yttrandefriheten : En diskursanalys av debatten om Elisabeth Ohlsons Ecce Homo och Lars Vilks Muhammedbild." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för utbildning och ekonomi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-6900.
Full textOhlow, Maike [Verfasser]. "Synthese und präklinische Evaluation von neuen antioxidativen Substanzen zur Neuroprotektion / Maike Ohlow." Mainz : Universitätsbibliothek Mainz, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1023186772/34.
Full textHe, Shiqiang. "An interregional test of the Heckscher-Ohlin theory : the case of Japan." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/66771.
Full textHeisey, J. Mark. "Defense industry mergers and monopoly power : analysis of abnormal earnings using the Edwards-Bell-Ohlson model." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1997. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA340993.
Full text"December 1997." Thesis advisor(s): O. Douglas, WaIter E. Owen. Includes bibliographical references (p. 127-130). Also available online.
Leimbach, Andreas [Verfasser], Ulrich [Gutachter] Dobrindt, Rolf [Gutachter] Daniel, and Knut [Gutachter] Ohlsen. "Genomics of pathogenic and commensal Escherichia coli / Andreas Leimbach ; Gutachter: Ulrich Dobrindt, Rolf Daniel, Knut Ohlsen." Würzburg : Universität Würzburg, 2017. http://d-nb.info/114486254X/34.
Full textSaleh, Walid Fahmi Omar. "A UK contrarian investment strategy : evidence based on a UK version of the Ohlson (1995) model." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.418784.
Full textLiljeström, Ohlin Lone. "Utforskande av olika uttryck med grund i parkettläggningsteknik." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Carl Malmsten - furniture studies, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-110673.
Full textThis thesis work revolves around my experiments with parquetry and my attempts to build a piece of furniture that appears to have been taken over by a pattern or structure. A transition into something more sculptural. I use pieces of wood left over from other projects to create these decorations. My basis is traditional parquetry techniques, but I also work with a type of more three dimensional parquetry, with thicker, angled pieces, to create depth and an impression of growing.
Nobre, Fábio Chaves. "A evolução do comércio dos Estados Brasileiros: uma aplicação do modelo de Heckscher-Ohlin." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2006. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/5575.
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The objective of this research is to show how the Brazilian states trade their products worldwide. The theoretical framework is based upon the theorem of Heckscher-Ohlin in which a country or region tends to specialize in the production of a good in which the abundant factor of production is more intensively used. this research evaluates to trade patterns of 15 products of the Annual Industrial Research and it was evidenced that great part of the production depends on the factor production human capital. Therefore, the Brazilian states that are abundant on this production factor tends to concentrate its production in the products that use this factor intensively, this way, the sate will be internationaly competitive. In the same way for the work force, therefore the national states that are endowed with this factor in abundance tends to concentrate its production in the products that uses this factor of production intensively.
O objetivo desta pesquisa é mostrar como os estados brasileiros comercializam seus produtos com o resto do mundo. A fundamentação teórica vem do teorema de Heckscher-Ohlin, teoria que pressupõe que um país ou região tende a se especializar na produção de bens cujo fator de produção mais abundante é utilizado mais intensivamente. Avaliou-se o padrão de comércio de 15 produtos da pesquisa industrial anual - PIA e foi constatado que grande parte da produção depende do fator de produção capital humano. Então, os estados brasileiros que detêm este fator de produção em abundância, deverão concentrar sua produção nos produtos que utilizam este fator intensivamente. Desta forma, este estado terá competitividade internacional. O mesmo raciocínio pode ser aplicado na variável força de trabalho, pois os estados nacionais que detêm este fator em abundância, deverão se concentrar na produção de produtos que utilizem este fator de produção intensivamente.
Lång, Louise, and Emma Jansson. "Hållbarhetsrapporteringens värderelevans : En studie om hur hållbarhetsrapporters kvalitet påverkar svenska börsbolags marknadsvärden." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-434102.
Full textStelzner, Kathrin [Verfasser], Thomas [Gutachter] Rudel, and Knut [Gutachter] Ohlsen. "Identification of factors involved in Staphylococcus aureus- induced host cell death / Kathrin Stelzner ; Gutachter: Thomas Rudel, Knut Ohlsen." Würzburg : Universität Würzburg, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1219853348/34.
Full textSjöström, Linda, and Mathilda Grönberg. "Recensioner och omdömen via internet. : En kvantitativ studie om Clas Ohlsons kunders attityder till webbaserade recensioner och omdömen." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-110222.
Full textCarvalho, Karina da Silva. "A influência das variáveis macroeconômicas sobre o valor de empresas: uma abordagem a partir do Modelo de Ohlson." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2013. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/10979.
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CAPES
Este estudo objetivou verificar se a inserção de variáveis macroeconômicas aumenta a eficiência de mensuração do Modelo de Ohlson (1995) para calcular o valor de mercado das empresas de capital aberto em cada setor econômico da Bolsa de Valores Mercadorias e Futuros de São Paulo BM&FBOVESPA no período de 2002 a 2011. A pesquisa torna-se importante, pois as metodologias que se baseiam no conteúdo informacional das demonstrações contábeis são menos usadas, especialmente no Brasil. Ohlson (1995) desenvolve um modelo de avaliação do valor de mercado de empresa com base nos lucros atuais e futuros, nos valores contábeis e dividendos. O estudo foi realizado, com uma amostra de 295 companhias de capital aberto brasileiras, que totalizou 2022 observações. A técnica estatística empregada foi a regressão com dados em painel. Utilizou-se o Modelo de Ohlson (1995) acrescido das variáveis macroeconômicas (PIB Per capita, Selic, IPCA e Taxa de Câmbio) para determinar o valor das empresas. Os principais resultados confirmam a adequação do modelo para mensurar o valor de mercado das companhias. A inclusão das variáveis macroeconômicas aumentou o poder explicativo do Modelo de Ohlson e, na maioria dos casos, foram estatisticamente significantes. A variável dummy ano inserida no Modelo de Ohlson apresentou informações relevantes sobre a situação econômico-financeira do país no período de análise.
Aldaz-Carroll, Enrique. "Getting things in proportion : essays on the development and application of Heckscher-Ohlin trade theory." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289237.
Full textSellami, Mohamed. "Mesure de la pertinence des données comptables par le modèle de Feltham et Ohlson (1995) : cas de la France." Paris, CNAM, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CNAM0659.
Full textCette thèse s’intéresse à la mesure de la pertinence des données comptables des entreprises cotées sur la Bourse de Paris en utilisant le modèle de Feltham et Ohlson (1995). Nous proposons, dans une première partie, une classification des travaux empiriques portant sur la mesure de la pertinence des informations comptables et nous dégageons les limites théoriques et méthodologiques associées aux résultats desdits travaux. Pour pallier certaines de ces limites, nous appliquons, dans une deuxième partie, la démarche théorique de Feltham et Ohlson (1995). Pour ce faire, nous testons la relation linéaire de l’information dynamique,notamment, les conditions liées à la persistance des bénéfices anormaux d’exploitation, au comportement « prudent » des dirigeants et à la croissance des actifs d’exploitation. Celles-ci étant vérifiées, nous recourons aux méthodes de régression pour tester le modèle de Feltham et Ohlson entre 1992 et 2001. Les résultats révèlent que les données comptables sont des mesures peu pertinentes. A l’issue de ces résultats, nous proposons, dans une troisième partie, un complément du modèle de Feltham et Ohlson. Ce dernier trouve ses fondements théoriques dans le cadre de l’approche économique de l’information. Partant des apports de cette approche aux recherches en comptabilité, nous introduisons, tout d’abord, la méthode de la frontière efficiente stochastique. Celle-ci permet de générer un indice d’efficience (pertinence) par entreprise. Ensuite, nous menons des analyses par secteur d’activité et marché de cotation pour dégager les indices qui leurs sont afférents. Enfin, nous déterminons les variables de l'inefficience (non pertinence) des données comptables