Journal articles on the topic 'Offshore renewable energy systems'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Offshore renewable energy systems.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Offshore renewable energy systems.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Wood, Robert J. K., AbuBakr S. Bahaj, Stephen R. Turnock, Ling Wang, and Martin Evans. "Tribological design constraints of marine renewable energy systems." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 368, no. 1929 (October 28, 2010): 4807–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2010.0192.
Full textAbstract:
Against the backdrop of increasing energy demands, the threat of climate change and dwindling fuel reserves, finding reliable, diverse, sustainable/renewable, affordable energy resources has become a priority for many countries. Marine energy conversion systems are at the forefront of providing such a resource. Most marine renewable energy conversion systems require tribological components to convert wind or tidal streams to rotational motion for generating electricity while wave machines typically use oscillating hinge or piston within cylinder geometries to promote reciprocating linear motion. This paper looks at the tribology of three green marine energy systems, offshore wind, tidal and wave machines. Areas covered include lubrication and contamination, bearing and gearbox issues, biofouling, cavitation erosion, tribocorrosion, condition monitoring as well as design trends and loading conditions associated with tribological components. Current research thrusts are highlighted along with areas needing research as well as addressing present-day issues related to the tribology of offshore energy conversion technologies.
2
Clark, Caitlyn E., and Bryony DuPont. "Reliability-based design optimization in offshore renewable energy systems." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 97 (December 2018): 390–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.08.030.
Full text
3
Arellano-Prieto, Yessica, Elvia Chavez-Panduro, Pierluigi Salvo Rossi, and Francesco Finotti. "Energy Storage Solutions for Offshore Applications." Energies 15, no. 17 (August 24, 2022): 6153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15176153.
Full textAbstract:
Increased renewable energy production and storage is a key pillar of net-zero emission. The expected growth in the exploitation of offshore renewable energy sources, e.g., wind, provides an opportunity for decarbonising offshore assets and mitigating anthropogenic climate change, which requires developing and using efficient and reliable energy storage solutions offshore. The present work reviews energy storage systems with a potential for offshore environments and discusses the opportunities for their deployment. The capabilities of the storage solutions are examined and mapped based on the available literature. Selected technologies with the largest potential for offshore deployment are thoroughly analysed. A landscape of technologies for both short- and long-term storage is presented as an opportunity to repurpose offshore assets that are difficult to decarbonise.
4
Castro-Santos, Laura, and Almudena Filgueira-Vizoso. "A Software for Calculating the Economic Aspects of Floating Offshore Renewable Energies." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 1 (December 27, 2019): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17010218.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this work is to develop a software to calculate the economic parameters so as to determine the feasibility of a floating offshore renewable farm in a selected location. The software can calculate the economic parameters of several types of offshore renewable energies, as follows: one renewable energy (floating offshore wind—WindFloat, tension leg platform (TLP), and spar; floating wave energy—Pelamis and AquaBuoy), hybrid offshore wind and wave systems (Wave Dragon and W2Power), and combined offshore wind and waves with different systems (independent arrays, peripherally distributed arrays, uniformly distributed arrays, and non-uniformly distributed arrays). The user can select several inputs, such as the location, configuration of the farm, type of floating offshore platform, type of power of the farm, life-cycle of the farm, electric tariff, capital cost, corporate tax, steel cost, percentage of financing, or interest and capacity of the shipyard. The case study is focused on the Galicia region (NW of Spain). The results indicate the economic feasibility of a farm of floating offshore renewable energy in a particular location in terms of its costs, levelized cost of energy (LCOE), internal rate of return (IRR), net present value (NPV), and discounted pay-back period. The tool allows for establishing conclusions about the dependence of the offshore wind resource parameters, the main distances (farm–shore, farm–shipyard, and farm–port), the parameters of the waves, and the bathymetry of the area selected.
5
Jones, Anthony T., and Will Rowley. "Global Perspective: Economic Forecast for Renewable Ocean Energy Technologies." Marine Technology Society Journal 36, no. 4 (December 1, 2002): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/002533202787908608.
Full textAbstract:
Renewable energy sources from the oceans include offshore wind, wave energy, and underwater currents. Sustainable future economies require renewable energy sources. Recent developments in ocean-based renewable energy systems are outlined and forecasts for the next decade are put forth. Offshore wind energy is the fastest growing sector in renewable energy. Anticipated to reach $6 billion per year in Europe by 2006, upwards of 86 MW of capacity from 88 turbines are in place today. Capacity by 2010 is projected to grow to at least 2000 MW. Governmental support in Europe is fueling the development, in part, because of greenhouse gas emission targets. The first commercial-scale wave power facility was established in Scotland. Several proponents plan prototype demonstrations over the next few years. Growth in this sector is anticipated to reach $100 million per annum by 2010. Projects harnessing tidal currents have shifted toward capturing tidal-driven coastal currents. Conservative estimates of $40 million per annum by 2010 appear realistic. Ocean-based renewable energy development lag land-based systems because of significant capital requirements and difficulty obtaining the necessary financing due to risk and market barriers. The technical capabilities, both in engineering and management, exist in the offshore sector to undertake the size and scope of projects envisioned.
6
Vasudevan, Saravanan, Venkatachalam Moorthy Kondayampalayam, and Arumugam Murugesan. "Recent developments in offshore wind energy systems: Technologies and practices." International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences 11, no. 3 (September 1, 2022): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijaas.v11.i3.pp220-231.
Full textAbstract:
This paper deals with offshore wind power generation technologies, power transmission and grid communication features, and associated power system studies for effective implementation of offshore wind energy systems, explaining its various stages of implementation. Also, this paper reviews the latest trends in offshore wind energy systems, addressing various aspects like large wind farm siting, power evacuation studies, cable selection, high-voltage direct current/flexible alternating current transmission systems (HVDC/FACTS) technology options, reliability evaluation, and autonomous monitoring. India's renewable power generation capacity through off-shore wind generation is also outlined to ensure low carbon energy emissions with improved energy efficiency. The policy and regulatory framework factors for reaching five gigawatts (GW) of offshore wind projects in the states of Tamilnadu and Gujarat by the year 2032 using current methods and advanced technology are discussed here. This goal can be accomplished using current practices and advanced technologies. For effective implementation of offshore wind farms, suitable measures and likely actions by various stakeholders are suggested.
7
Filgueira-Vizoso, A. "Importance of the fluctuations of the steel price in the economic feasibility of a hybrid offshore platform in the West of the Iberian Peninsula." Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal 20 (September 2022): 525–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.24084/repqj20.354.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this paper is to study the suitability of different floating offshore energy technologies in a particular location in economic terms. In this context, their main initial investments and expenses have been taken into account in order to calculate the economic indicators of the economic feasibility study. These indicators are Internal Rate of Return, Net Present Value and Levelized Cost Of Energy. The case study has evaluated the Canary Islands (Spain) and three types of floating offshore renewable energies: offshore wind, wave energy and hybrid systems. The method created generates economic maps, which facilitates the election of the best area where install offshore renewable energy farms in the location selected. In addition, it also allows to select what is the best marine technology to be exploited in this area.
8
Riboldi, Luca, Marcin Pilarczyk, and Lars O. Nord. "The Impact of Process Heat on the Decarbonisation Potential of Offshore Installations by Hybrid Energy Systems." Energies 14, no. 23 (December 3, 2021): 8123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14238123.
Full textAbstract:
An opportunity to decarbonise the offshore oil and gas sector lies in the integration of renewable energy sources with energy storage in a hybrid energy system (HES). Such concept enables maximising the exploitation of carbon-free renewable power, while minimising the emissions associated with conventional power generation systems such as gas turbines. Offshore plants, in addition to electrical and mechanical power, also require process heat for their operation. Solutions that provide low-emission heat in parallel to power are necessary to reach a very high degree of decarbonisation. This paper investigates different options to supply process heat in offshore HES, while the electric power is mostly covered by a wind turbine. All HES configurations include energy storage in the form of hydrogen tied to proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysers and fuel cells stacks. As a basis for comparison, a standard configuration relying solely on a gas turbine and a waste heat recovery unit is considered. A HES combined with a waste heat recovery unit to supply heat proved efficient when low renewable power capacity is integrated but unable to deliver a total CO2 emission reduction higher than around 40%. Alternative configurations, such as the utilization of gas-fired or electric heaters, become more competitive at large installed renewable capacity, approaching CO2 emission reductions of up to 80%.
9
Sari, Arif, Ali Karaduman, and Altay Firat. "Deployment Challenges of Offshore Renewable Energy Systems for Sustainability in Developing Countries." Journal of Geographic Information System 07, no. 05 (2015): 465–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jgis.2015.75037.
Full text
10
Carpenter, Chris. "Repurposing Offshore Pipeline as Energy Storage Opens Market Segment." Journal of Petroleum Technology 74, no. 09 (September 1, 2022): 77–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0922-0077-jpt.
Full textAbstract:
_ This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper OTC 31703, “Repurpose Offshore Pipeline as Energy Storage (ROPES): Opening a New Market Segment Offshore,” by Azril Syazwan Hazim, SPE, Subsea 7, Daniel Buhagiar, FLASC, and Alasdair Gray, Xodus. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Copyright 2022 Offshore Technology Conference. Reproduced by permission. _ The repurposed offshore pipelines as energy storage (ROPES) solution repurposes aged offshore installations into energy storage systems based on proven hydropneumatic principles toward a cost-competitive, reliable system. Findings from a recent concept-assessment study show the cost competitiveness of the solution as a result of a low levelized cost of storage (LCOS) paired with the value of deferring full decommissioning of existing assets. The ROPES solution enables the storage of renewable power while allowing for the optimization of time and expenditure for decommissioning of infrastructure. Background Energy-storage technologies address a fundamental problem related to the integration of renewable energy production into conventional energy systems on a large scale: the mismatch between intermittent energy supply and consumer demand. Balancing supply and demand is quickly becoming the greatest obstacle to increased uptake of renewable energy. An emerging industrialized energy storage solution (ESS) technology uses mechanical power storage based on proven fluid-compression principles. Hydropneumatic energy storage (HPES) relies on a large pressure containment system (PCS) that acts as a pressurized liquid piston—potentially a pipeline system—with energy activated by a pump and recovered through a turbine. The solution is positioned to improve on economics for offshore wind farms either through remote units within each turbine or through the ROPES concept, with the energy conversion unit (ECU) on either the seabed or an adjacent decommissioned offshore platform. Overview of HPES Technology The proprietary HPES system stores energy by using it to pump seawater into a closed chamber to compress a fixed volume of precharged inert gas. The energy then can be recovered by allowing the compressed gas to push the water back out through a hydraulic turbine generator. The technology embodies a patented combination of two key features: - Pneumatic precharging allows the system to be installed in shallow water, making it suitable for both fixed-bottom and floating wind applications. - Using the ocean as a natural heatsink results in an efficient, isothermal system without the need for complex thermal-management systems.
11
Fernández-Guillamón, Ana, Kaushik Das, Nicolaos A. Cutululis, and Ángel Molina-García. "Offshore Wind Power Integration into Future Power Systems: Overview and Trends." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 7, no. 11 (November 7, 2019): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse7110399.
Full textAbstract:
Nowadays, wind is considered as a remarkable renewable energy source to be implemented in power systems. Most wind power plant experiences have been based on onshore installations, as they are considered as a mature technological solution by the electricity sector. However, future power scenarios and roadmaps promote offshore power plants as an alternative and additional power generation source, especially in some regions such as the North and Baltic seas. According to this framework, the present paper discusses and reviews trends and perspectives of offshore wind power plants for massive offshore wind power integration into future power systems. Different offshore trends, including turbine capacity, wind power plant capacity as well as water depth and distance from the shore, are discussed. In addition, electrical transmission high voltage alternating current (HVAC) and high voltage direct current (HVDC) solutions are described by considering the advantages and technical limitations of these alternatives. Several future advancements focused on increasing the offshore wind energy capacity currently under analysis are also included in the paper.
12
Leng, Jun, Qi Wang, and Ye Li. "A geometrically nonlinear analysis method for offshore renewable energy systems—Examples of offshore wind and wave devices." Ocean Engineering 250 (April 2022): 110930. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2022.110930.
Full text
13
López, Mario, Noel Rodríguez, and Gregorio Iglesias. "Combined Floating Offshore Wind and Solar PV." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 8 (July 30, 2020): 576. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8080576.
Full textAbstract:
To mitigate the effects of wind variability on power output, hybrid systems that combine offshore wind with other renewables are a promising option. In this work we explore the potential of combining offshore wind and solar power through a case study in Asturias (Spain)—a region where floating solutions are the only option for marine renewables due to the lack of shallow water areas, which renders bottom-fixed wind turbines inviable. Offshore wind and solar power resources and production are assessed based on high-resolution data and the technical specifications of commercial wind turbines and solar photovoltaic (PV) panels. Relative to a typical offshore wind farm, a combined offshore wind–solar farm is found to increase the capacity and the energy production per unit surface area by factors of ten and seven, respectively. In this manner, the utilization of the marine space is optimized. Moreover, the power output is significantly smoother. To quantify this benefit, a novel Power Smoothing (PS) index is introduced in this work. The PS index achieved by combining floating offshore wind and solar PV is found to be of up to 63%. Beyond the interest of hybrid systems in the case study, the advantages of combining floating wind and solar PV are extensible to other regions where marine renewable energies are being considered.
14
Dobrzycki, Arkadiusz, and Jacek Roman. "Correlation between the Production of Electricity by Offshore Wind Farms and the Demand for Electricity in Polish Conditions." Energies 15, no. 10 (May 17, 2022): 3669. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15103669.
Full textAbstract:
Energy transition forcing a change in the structure of the electricity generation system is a particularly difficult task in countries such as Poland, where the dominant source of energy is fossil fuels. Due to the nature of renewable sources (stochastic and seasonally variable), it is necessary to study their impact on the power system. Much research was conducted on this subject. They consider modelling power systems in terms of dealing with an increasing amount of renewable energy sources, stabilization of electricity generation or environmental aspects. This article examines one of the key sources of future power systems—offshore wind turbines (OWT). The influence of offshore wind sources on the power system in the fields of stability of generation, methods of regulatory strategies, and economics were examined. One of the aspects that are less considered is the correlation of energy production in OWT with energy demand and with generation in other renewable energy sources, especially in the region of the southern Baltic Sea and the distribution of energy demand in countries such as Poland. The key aspect of the research is to fill this gap. The obtained results indicate that the average monthly power generation in OWT is strongly positively correlated with the demand, and the hourly average is positively correlated moderately. Correlation between generation in OWT and photovoltaic sources is very high negative, and between onshore and offshore wind turbines is highly positive. The study indicates that the OWT has a significant potential for the development and replacement of conventional sources, due to the very high capacity and a positive correlation with demand. Moreover, future offshore wind farms can cooperate with photovoltaic sources as these sources complement each other. On the other hand, a significant saturation of the system with offshore and onshore wind sources may pose a threat to the power system due to their positive correlation.
15
Calado, Gonçalo, and Rui Castro. "Hydrogen Production from Offshore Wind Parks: Current Situation and Future Perspectives." Applied Sciences 11, no. 12 (June 16, 2021): 5561. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11125561.
Full textAbstract:
With the increase in renewable energy connected to the grid, new challenges arise due to its variable supply of power. Therefore, it is crucial to develop new methods of storing energy. Hydrogen can fulfil the role of energy storage and even act as an energy carrier, since it has a much higher energetic density than batteries and can be easily stored. Considering that the offshore wind sector is facing significant growth and technical advances, hydrogen has the potential to be combined with offshore wind energy to aid in overcoming disadvantages such as the high installation cost of electrical transmission systems and transmission losses. This paper aims to outline and discuss the main features of the integration of hydrogen solutions in offshore wind power and to offer a literature review of the current state of hydrogen production from offshore wind. The paper provides a summary of the technologies involved in hydrogen production along with an analysis of two possible hydrogen producing systems from offshore wind energy. The analysis covers the system components, including hydrogen storage, the system configuration (i.e., offshore vs. onshore electrolyzer), and the potential uses of hydrogen, e.g., Power to Mobility, Power to Power, and Power to Gas.
16
Castro-Santos, Laura, Elson Martins, and C. Guedes Soares. "Cost assessment methodology for combined wind and wave floating offshore renewable energy systems." Renewable Energy 97 (November 2016): 866–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2016.06.016.
Full text
17
MALOUM, Hakima, Boukhalfa BENDAHMANE, Cristian NICHITA, and Mouloud ADLI. "Offshore Wind Energy Integration using Photovoltaic Systems and Batteries as Smoothing Devices." Electrotehnica, Electronica, Automatica 69, no. 2 (May 15, 2021): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.46904/eea.21.69.2.1108002.
Full textAbstract:
Currently, producing electrical energy is among the major concerns, which will continue to grow in the future. This is due, on the one hand, to the depletion and high conventional energy sources costs. On the other hand, because of the pollution they cause to the environment, hence the need to produce electrical energy from renewable and clean sources, such as wind, photovoltaic and tidal systems. The exploitation of the sea wind by offshore wind turbines is interesting and promising. In this context, this work aims to propose a new approach to hybrid offshore wind/photovoltaic/battery systems energy management. The power produced by the photovoltaic/battery will be used to compensate for the lack of power presented by offshore wind production in relation to the demand of the grid, as offshore wind is taken as a main source in this study. To achieve the set objective, an energy management algorithm is developed and implemented. This algorithm makes it possible to involve photovoltaics in the first place, in a progressive way according to the power deficit presented by the offshore park and the available sunshine. As it also aims to manage the charge and discharge of the battery bench last if the power supplied by the offshore wind farm alone or by offshore wind/photovoltaic does not match the demand. To verify the efficiency of this management algorithm, simulations of the offshore wind/photovoltaic/battery system were carried out under matlab/simpowers. This system is divided into several sub-systems: wind, photovoltaic and battery bank. Each of them is equipped with different specific infrastructure, as well as adequate control systems for proper operation. All subsystems are grouped together at a common connection point, where energy management is carried out prior to connection to the distribution network. The results obtained validated the main approaches of the proposed method allowing a reliable stabilization of the power level to the common connection point at the reference power that must be injected into the distribution network.
18
Fjellstedt, Christoffer, Md Imran Ullah, Johan Forslund, Erik Jonasson, Irina Temiz, and Karin Thomas. "A Review of AC and DC Collection Grids for Offshore Renewable Energy with a Qualitative Evaluation for Marine Energy Resources." Energies 15, no. 16 (August 10, 2022): 5816. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15165816.
Full textAbstract:
Marine energy resources could be crucial in meeting the increased demand for clean electricity. To enable the use of marine energy resources, developing efficient and durable offshore electrical systems is vital. Currently, there are no large-scale commercial projects with marine energy resources, and the question of how to design such electrical systems is still not settled. A natural starting point in investigating this is to draw on experiences and research from offshore wind power. This article reviews different collection grid topologies and key components for AC and DC grid structures. The review covers aspects such as the type of components, operation and estimated costs of commercially available components. A DC collection grid can be especially suitable for offshore marine energy resources, since the transmission losses are expected to be lower, and the electrical components could possibly be made smaller. Therefore, five DC collection grid topologies are proposed and qualitatively evaluated for marine energy resources using submerged and non-submerged marine energy converters. The properties, advantages and disadvantages of the proposed topologies are discussed, and it is concluded that a suitable electrical system for a marine energy farm will most surely be based on a site-specific techno-economic analysis.
19
Wang, Yapo, Lixian Zhang, Constantine Michailides, Ling Wan, and Wei Shi. "Hydrodynamic Response of a Combined Wind–Wave Marine Energy Structure." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 4 (April 3, 2020): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8040253.
Full textAbstract:
Due to the energy crisis and greenhouse effect, offshore renewable energy is attracting increasing attention worldwide. Various offshore renewable energy systems, such as floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs), and wave energy converters (WECs), have been proposed and developed so far. To increase power output and reduce related costs, a combined marine energy structure using FOWT and WEC technologies has been designed, analyzed and presented in the present paper. The energy structure combines a 5-MW braceless semisubmersible FOWT and a heave-type WEC which is installed on the central column of the semisubmersible. Wave power is absorbed by a power take-off (PTO) system through the relative heave motion between the central column of the FOWT and the WEC. A numerical model has been developed and is used to determine rational size and draft of the combined structure. The effects of different PTO system parameters on the hydrodynamic performance and wave energy production of the WEC under typical wave conditions are investigated and a preliminary best value for the PTO’s damping coefficient is obtained. Additionally, the effects of viscous modeling used during the analysis and the hydrodynamic coupling on the response of the combined structure are studied.
20
Ayub, Muhammad Waqas, Ameer Hamza, George A. Aggidis, and Xiandong Ma. "A Review of Power Co-Generation Technologies from Hybrid Offshore Wind and Wave Energy." Energies 16, no. 1 (January 3, 2023): 550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16010550.
Full textAbstract:
Renewable energy resources such as offshore wind and wave energy are environmentally friendly and omnipresent. A hybrid offshore wind-wave energy system produces a more sustainable form of energy that is not only eco-friendly but also economical and efficient as compared to use of individual resources. The objective of this paper is to give a detailed review of co-generation technologies for hybrid offshore wind and wave energy. The proposed area of this review paper is based on the power conversions techniques, response coupling, control schemes for co-generation and complimentary generation, and colocation and integrated conversion systems. This paper aims to offer a systematic review to cover recent research and development of novel hybrid offshore wind-wave energy (HOWWE) systems. The current hybrid wind-wave energy structures lack efficiency due to their design and AC-DC-AC power conversion that need to be improved by applying an advanced control strategy. Thus, using different power conversion techniques and control system methodologies, the HOWWE structure can be improved and will be transferrable to the other hybrid models such as hybrid solar and wind energy. The state-of-the-art HOWWE systems are reviewed. Critical analysis of each method is performed to evaluate the best possible combination for development of a HOWWE system.
21
Rojas-Delgado, Brenda, Chisom Ekweoba, George Lavidas, and Irina Temiz. "GA-Based Permutation Logic for Grid Integration of Offshore Multi-Source Renewable Parks." Machines 10, no. 12 (December 13, 2022): 1208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines10121208.
Full textAbstract:
This paper proposes and analyzes a genetic algorithm based permutation control logic applied to the aggregator of an offshore multi-source park. The energy losses at the common coupling point are accounted for in the feedback. This paper focuses on offshore distributed energy resources, such as floating photovoltaic (PV), wind, and wave power. The main contributions of this research are the development of a control system that is capable of tracking the set-point imposed by the demand curve for each source individually, the introduction of a capacity factor for combined offshore floating PV/wind/wave power farms, and the unveiling of pure offshore renewable sources as potential storage-less flexibility service providers. The results of a case study for a site near San Francisco showed that energy losses and capacity factors are positively influenced by implementing the proposed approach.
22
Mohan, Sam Lee, and Andrew Taylor. "Collocated offshore wind-hydrogen." APPEA Journal 62, no. 2 (May 13, 2022): S44—S47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj21162.
Full textAbstract:
The hydrogen industry in Australia is in its infancy with most projects at this stage supported either by State Governments or through the funding arms of the Federal Government. The market is rapidly developing and interest in hydrogen has grown exponentially over the past few years. Governments in Australia and many countries around the world have set decarbonisation targets and it is expected that Hydrogen will play a major role in fulfilling these commitments. Largely driven by policy announcements and commitments, several hydrogen projects are currently in development in Australia and globally. Current forecast data indicates over 200 GW of electrolyser capacity are either planned for deployment or under construction. While industry moves forward with deployment-scale projects, incumbent fuels occupy a healthy competitive position. For example, in Western Australia natural gas prices are around $6/GJ and are set to remain stable into the foreseeable future, largely due to Western Australia’s domestic gas reservation policy. However, the impact of volatile oil prices on domestic natural gas remains to be seen. Although potential green hydrogen projects are mostly in early stages, increased opportunities for partnerships on the supply side or joint venture arrangements with energy producers and demand side off-takers, will accelerate these projects achieving feasibility. However, in achieving target hydrogen prices, the barriers remain significant. One such barrier, is the cost of renewable electricity and one such solution could be collocated offshore wind-hydrogen systems. By nature, offshore wind is an intermittent energy source. Hydrogen could be used as a means of storing renewable energy for electricity balancing, and as a dedicated source for large-scale hydrogen production. Hard-to-abate sectors remain a significant challenge as we transition to net-zero. Hydrogen may be used to de-carbonise hard-to-abate sectors as many stakeholders see offshore wind as the primary partner for hydrogen production. This paper discusses collocated wind-hydrogen systems as a potential pathway for offshore wind deployment and commercial hydrogen production.
23
Sisson, Nicholas B., Kyle Baker, Jaclyn Daly, Genevieve Davis, Carter Esch, Shane Guan, Amy Scholik-Schlomer, Erica Staaterman, and Sofie Van Parijs. "National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) minimum recommendations for use of passive acoustic listening systems in offshore wind energy development monitoring and mitigation programs." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 151, no. 4 (April 2022): A238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0011183.
Full textAbstract:
Offshore wind energy development is rapidly advancing in United States waters to meet state and federal renewable energy goals. With a diverse suite of endangered large whale species and a multitude of other protected marine species inhabiting these same waters, understanding the potential consequences of construction and operation activities is essential to advancing responsible offshore wind development. Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) represents a newer technology that has become one of several methods of choice for monitoring trends in the soundscape, presence of species, mitigating risk, and monitoring potential behavioral and distributional changes resulting from offshore wind activities. Federal and State regulators, the offshore wind industry, and environmental advocates require detailed information on PAM capabilities and techniques needed to promote efficient, consistent, and meaningful data collection efforts on local and regional scales. We provide capabilities and suggested applications of archival and real-time PAM systems, PAM study design considerations, and data management needs. We also provide key considerations for long-term baseline monitoring and vessel strike risk reduction using PAM. These recommendations provide an initial guide for stakeholders seeking to use PAM systems associated with the rapid expansion of offshore wind development in the United States.
24
Marchand, Jane, Ajay Shetgaonkar, Jose Luis Rueda Torres, Aleksandra Lekic, and Peter Palensky. "EMT Real-Time Simulation Model of a 2 GW Offshore Renewable Energy Hub Integrating Electrolysers." Energies 14, no. 24 (December 18, 2021): 8547. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14248547.
Full textAbstract:
Due to their weak nature, such as low inertia, offshore energy hubs are prone to unprecedented fast dynamic phenomena. This can lead to undesired instability problems. Recent literature, with main focus on onshore systems, suggests that electrolysers could be an attractive option to support wind generators in the mitigation of balancing problems. This paper presents an Electromagnetic Transient (EMT) model for real-time simulation based study of the dynamics of active power and voltage responses of offshore hubs due to wind speed fluctuations. The purpose of this study was to ascertain the ability of an electrolyser to support an offshore energy hub under different scenarios and with different locations of the electrolyser. Two locations of Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) electrolysers were considered: centralised (at the AC common bus of the hub) or distributed (at the DC link of the wind turbines). Numerical simulations conducted in RSCAD® on a 2 GW offshore hub with 4 × 500 MW wind power plants and 330 or 600 MW PEM electrolysers show that electrolysers can effectively support the mitigation of sudden wind speed variations, irrespective of the location. The distributed location of electrolysers can be beneficial to prevent large spillage of wind power generation during the isolation of faults within the hub.
25
Harnois, Violette, Helen C. M. Smith, Steven Benjamins, and Lars Johanning. "Assessment of entanglement risk to marine megafauna due to offshore renewable energy mooring systems." International Journal of Marine Energy 11 (September 2015): 27–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijome.2015.04.001.
Full text
26
Yang, Xin, Zhengnong Li, Yijun Shen, and Rao Kuang. "Review of studies on enhancing thermal energy grade in the open ocean." Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy 14, no. 6 (November 2022): 062701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0124542.
Full textAbstract:
Ocean thermal energy conversion is one of the important ways to utilize low-grade ocean thermal energy. The main reasons for its low economic feasibility include high cost, small temperature difference, low energy efficiency, and high consumption of deep-sea cold energy extraction pumps. Some new means to improve the thermal energy grade may be beneficial to improve the economic feasibility of ocean thermal energy conversion, desalination, and other systems. The research progress and analysis results of ways to obtain low-grade thermal energy in the ocean surface by using solar energy, offshore platform waste heat, compressed air storage waste heat, and other methods show that (1) after using solar energy or waste heat to raise sea water temperature, shallow seawater can be used as the cold source, which can reduce most of the pump consumption and expensive riser cost of lifting cold seawater. This way improves the net power generation efficiency more significantly than improving the circulation mode and working medium and also significantly improves the economic feasibility. (2) Exhaust waste heat from offshore platform diesel power generation and compressed air energy storage power generation systems can be used to obtain a larger temperature difference between cold and hot seawater and further improve the efficiency of thermal power generation. (3) The low density of solar energy flow at the sea level leads to the high cost of offshore platforms. Incorporating ocean thermal energy conversion systems into floating photovoltaic power generation, seawater desalination and other systems can reduce the cost of offshore platforms.
27
Mukhtasor, Sony Junianto, and Rudi Walujo Prastianto. "On Offshore Engineering Rules for Designing Floating Structure of Tidal Current Energy Conversion System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 874 (January 2018): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.874.71.
Full textAbstract:
Offshore engineering rules have been important part in supporting industrial development of tidal current energy conversion (TCEC) systems. The rules have been considered as guidelines for design of fixed type of TCEC systems, particularly those provided by European Marine Energy Centre (EMEC). However, for floating type of TCEC system, this is not the case. In fact, floating systems have a potential application for particular area of interests, for example in the area with strong currents at the seawater surface or in that with minimal infrastructure for installation support. In future, floating TCEC systems might be installed at the offshore area, even though the current application is commonly at the nearshore. Therefore, it may be beneficial to adopt relevant aspects of the offshore engineering rules for the floating structure design to support TCEC systems. This paper identifies elemental rules which may be suitable for application in the design of this type of floating structure. It includes choice of configurations, dynamic response analysis, material selection, mooring-water depth analyses and removal. This work is an important part of the whole big effort in supporting the development of ocean renewable energy industries.
28
Ustinov, Denis Anatolievich, and Ershat Rashitovich Shafhatov. "Assessment of Reliability Indicators of Combined Systems of Offshore Wind Turbines and Wave Energy Converters." Energies 15, no. 24 (December 19, 2022): 9630. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15249630.
Full textAbstract:
Marine renewable sources can make a significant contribution to the development of electrical energy generation and can increase the power supply reliability of mineral complexes. The development of alternative energy sources is happening at a fast pace, and this is due to the improvement of technologies that allow for generating more energy and operating in more extreme conditions, with almost no negative effect on the environment. However, currently, renewable sources are not able to meet all the energy requirements of the platforms. Hence, a key point is to gradually introduce and develop new technologies. This article explores the advantages of combining power generation by wave converters and offshore wind turbines. It investigates the possibilities of improving the combined systems’ reliabilities through justification of their mutual topology and accounting for the shadow effect from the wave installations.
29
Ganesh, Saran, Arcadio Perilla, Jose Rueda Torres, Peter Palensky, Aleksandra Lekić, and Mart van der Meijden. "Generic EMT Model for Real-Time Simulation of Large Disturbances in 2 GW Offshore HVAC-HVDC Renewable Energy Hubs." Energies 14, no. 3 (February 1, 2021): 757. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14030757.
Full textAbstract:
This paper proposes a Electro-Magnetic Transient (EMT) model of a 2 GW offshore network with the parallel operation of two Modular Multi-level Converter (MMC)—High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) transmission links connecting four Offshore Wind Farms (OWFs) to two onshore systems, which represent a large scale power system. Additionally, to mitigate the challenges corresponding to voltage and frequency stability issues in large scale offshore networks, a Direct Voltage Control (DVC) strategy is implemented for the Type-4 Wind Generators (WGs), which represent the OWFs in this work. The electrical power system is developed in the power system simulation software RSCADTM, that is suitable for performing EMT based simulations. The EMT model of 2 GW offshore network with DVC in Type-4 WGs is successfully designed and it is well-coordinated between the control structures in MMCs and WGs.
30
Maurya, Virendra Kumar. "Comparative Study of Different Grid Connected Wind Energy Conversion System Configurations." Journal of Informatics Electrical and Electronics Engineering (JIEEE) 2, no. 2 (June 4, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.54060/jieee/002.02.024.
Full textAbstract:
As per the present scenario of the world energy crisis, Renewable energy conversion systems (wind energy) have become the most prominent alternative in the field of renewable energy, especially at offshore locations due to the availability of wind in huge amounts round the clock. This paper summarizes the comparative study of most commonly used generators and power converters configurations at off-shore/on-shore wind farms. A comparison study has been done on the basis of their fixed/variable speed operation, MPPT ability, FRT ability, power converter utilization, power factor, reactive power compensation, with and without gearbox, and other technical parameters.
31
Majdi Nasab, Navid, Jeff Kilby, and Leila Bakhtiaryfard. "Integration of wind and tidal turbines using spar buoy floating foundations." AIMS Energy 10, no. 6 (2022): 1165–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/energy.2022055.
Full textAbstract:
<abstract> <p>Floating platforms are complex structures used in deep water and high wind speeds. However, a methodology should be defined to have a stable offshore structure and not fail dynamically in severe environmental conditions. This paper aims to provide a method for estimating failure load or ultimate load on the anchors of floating systems in integrating wind and tidal turbines in New Zealand. Using either wind or tidal turbines in areas with harsh water currents is not cost-effective. Also, tidal energy, as a predictable source of energy, can be an alternative for wind energy when cut-in speed is not enough to generate wind power. The most expensive component after the turbine is the foundation. Using the same foundation for wind and tidal turbines may reduce the cost of electricity. Different environment scenarios as load cases have been set up to test the proposed system's performance, capacity and efficiency. Available tidal records from the national institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA) have been used to find the region suitable for offshore energy generation and to conduct simulation model runs. Based on the scenarios, Terawhiti in Cook Strait with 110 m water height was found as the optimized site. It can be seen that the proposed floating hybrid system is stable in the presence of severe environmental conditions of wind and wave loadings in Cook Strait and gives a procedure for sizing suction caisson anchors.</p> </abstract>
32
Girleanu, Alina, Florin Onea, and Eugen Rusu. "Assessment of the Wind Energy Potential along the Romanian Coastal Zone." Inventions 6, no. 2 (June 4, 2021): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inventions6020041.
Full textAbstract:
The present work aims to provide a comprehensive picture of the wind energy potential that characterizes the Romanian coastal environment using in situ measurements and reanalysis of wind data (ERA5) that cover a 42–year time interval (1979–2020). A total of 16 reference points (both land and offshore) equally distributed along the Romanian sector are used to evaluate the local wind energy potential, targeting in this way several sites where a renewable wind project could be established. Compared to the in situ measurements (land points), the ERA5 dataset underestimates the wind speed by at least 11.57%, this value increasing as we approach the coastline. From the analysis of the spatial maps, it is likely that the wind speed steadily increases from onshore to offshore, with a sharp variation near the coastline being reported. Furthermore, the assessment of some state-of-the-art offshore wind turbines was conducted using 12 systems defined by rated capacity ranging from 2 to 10 MW. Some scenarios were proposed to identify sustainable offshore wind projects to be implemented in the Romanian coastal zone based on these results.
33
Kazi, Mohamed Amine, Radouane Majdoul, Nadia Machkour, Adnane El-alami, and Ibrahim Baraka. "Master-Slave Approach for a Multi-terminal VSC-HVDC Systems Connected Offshore Wind Farm." E3S Web of Conferences 297 (2021): 01045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202129701045.
Full textAbstract:
The world is facing today the global challenge of energy transition since countries need more and more energy to grow their economy on a planet where resources are limited and poorly distributed. The integration of renewable energies and especially offshore wind energy into high voltage direct current (VSC-HVDC) transmission systems demonstrates great flexibility and reliability. In this paper, a control strategy for a multi-terminal VSC-HVDC system based on Master-Slave approach is proposed to automatically share the real power variation and stabilize the DC bus voltage in presence of abnormal operating conditions.
34
Nassar, Walid, Olimpo Anaya-Lara, and Khaled Ahmed. "Coordinating Control of an Offshore LVDC Microgrid Based Renewable Energy Resources for Voltage Regulation and Circulating Current Minimization." Energies 14, no. 12 (June 8, 2021): 3384. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14123384.
Full textAbstract:
Multi-Use Platform (MUP) is a new topic addressed, extensively, under the EU funded projects that aim to exploit oceans in a sustainable way in order to reduce the costs of marine energy and to extract seafood. MUP’s electrical grid experiences many challenges, being offshore. One of these challenges is that only Alternating Current (AC) systems are considered which are inefficient, expensive and require bulky components. Considering the advantages of Direct Current (DC) systems, this paper aims to study the feasibility of using the DC system to improve the electrical infrastructure of the MUP’s grid. Floating energy unit comprising tidal, wind and solar energy resources is considered as a base unit for the MUP’s grid. The paper proposes a new distributed controller for grid voltage regulation and minimizing circulating current among parallel-connected floating energy units in an offshore Low Voltage Direct Current (LVDC) microgrid. A mathematical model is derived for n-parallel floating energy units with the proposed controller. Additionally, stability analysis for the overall model of a single floating energy unit is also presented. The analysis and simulation of the proposed DC system demonstrate that the system is stable and fault-rejected at different operating conditions.
35
Barelli, Linda, Dario Pelosi, Dana Alexandra Ciupageanu, Panfilo Andrea Ottaviano, Michela Longo, and Dario Zaninelli. "HESS in a Wind Turbine Generator: Assessment of Electric Performances at Point of Common Coupling with the Grid." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 12 (December 10, 2021): 1413. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9121413.
Full textAbstract:
Among Renewable Energy Sources (RES), wind energy is emerging as one of the largest installed renewable-power-generating capacities. The technological maturity of wind turbines, together with the large marine wind resource, is currently boosting the development of offshore wind turbines, which can reduce the visual and noise impacts and produce more power due to higher wind speeds. Nevertheless, the increasing penetration of wind energy, as well as other renewable sources, is still a great concern due to their fluctuating and intermittent behavior. Therefore, in order to cover the mismatch between power generation and load demand, the stochastic nature of renewables has to be mitigated. Among proposed solutions, the integration of energy storage systems in wind power plants is one of the most effective. In this paper, a Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS) is integrated into an offshore wind turbine generator with the aim of demonstrating the benefits in terms of fluctuation reduction of the active power and voltage waveform frequency, specifically at the Point of Common Coupling (PCC). A MATLAB®/SimPowerSystems model composed of an offshore wind turbine interfaced with the grid through a full-scale back-to-back converter and a flywheel-battery-based HESS connected to the converter DC-link has been developed and compared with the case of storage absence. Simulations were carried out in reference to the wind turbine’s stress conditions and were selected—according to our previous work—in terms of the wind power step. Specifically, the main outcomes of this paper show that HESS integration allows for a reduction in the active power variation, when the wind power step is applied, to about 3% and 4.8%, respectively, for the simulated scenarios, in relation to more than 30% and 42% obtained for the no-storage case. Furthermore, HESS is able to reduce the transient time of the frequency of the three-phase voltage waveform at the PCC by more than 89% for both the investigated cases. Hence, this research demonstrates how HESS, coupled with renewable power plants, can strongly enhance grid safety and stability issues in order to meet the stringent requirements relating to the massive RES penetration expected in the coming years.
36
Sun, Ruijuan, Gayan Abeynayake, Jun Liang, and Kewen Wang. "Reliability and Economic Evaluation of Offshore Wind Power DC Collection Systems." Energies 14, no. 10 (May 18, 2021): 2922. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14102922.
Full textAbstract:
One key directive to realize the global transition towards net-zero emission goals is to integrate more renewable energy resources into the generation mix. Due to higher and more consistent wind speeds, offshore wind farms (OWFs) have the potential to generate more energy at a steadier rate than their onshore counterpart. However, at the collection system level, all the OWFs use alternating current (AC) technology at present. Nonetheless, with an increasing capacity of the single wind turbine (WT) and larger distances to the shore, the use of direct current (DC) technology at the collection system level is beneficial. To select a suitable DC collection system topology, this paper proposes a comprehensive analytical reliability evaluation method, based on the Universal Generating Function technique, together with associated economic factors. Four candidates DC collection system options were evaluated with different WT capacities for a 400 MW OWF. The availability indices such as Generation Ratio Availability and Expected Energy Not Supplied were used to assess their reliability levels. The results show that the radial topology with a single platform DC/DC converter is more reliable and economical than the other candidate options.
37
May, Allan, David McMillan, and Sebastian Thöns. "Economic analysis of condition monitoring systems for offshore wind turbine sub‐systems." IET Renewable Power Generation 9, no. 8 (November 2015): 900–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-rpg.2015.0019.
Full text
38
Abdelhady, Suzan, Domenico Borello, and Ahmed Shaban. "Assessment of levelized cost of electricity of offshore wind energy in Egypt." Wind Engineering 41, no. 3 (May 18, 2017): 160–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309524x17706846.
Full textAbstract:
Offshore wind turbines are being used to harness the high value of wind energy usually available on the sea sufficiently far from the shore (i.e. some kilometers). The present study provides an assessment of the potential of offshore wind energy along the Mediterranean Sea in Egypt. The techno-economic assessment was conducted considering a 7.0 MW offshore wind turbine at seven sites along the Mediterranean Sea. Fixed platforms were considered, assuming that the maximum sea depth will be 60 m, that is representative of the sea depth in the Mediterranean coast of Egypt at 5 km from the shore. The analysis reveals that a very large amount of energy can be harvested. The minimum energy production is obtained at Alexandria with a capacity factor of 55%, and the maximum energy production is obtained at El Dabaa station with a capacity factor of 63%. The levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) is estimated as to be equal to about 0.075–0.079 US$/kWh which can be considered very competitive with other renewable energy systems in Egypt. The results prove the techno-economic feasibility of the offshore wind energy resource in Egypt, and it would motivate both the research community and the policy makers for more attention regarding this resource.
39
Chen, Hao, Qi Li, Mohamed Benbouzid, Jingang Han, and Nadia Aït-Ahmed. "Development and Research Status of Tidal Current Power Generation Systems in China." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 11 (November 18, 2021): 1286. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9111286.
Full textAbstract:
Considering the depletion of oil, coal, gas and other fossil energy, and the increasingly serious environmental pollution, all countries in the world are developing clean and renewable energy, such as wind energy, water energy, solar energy, etc., to alleviate the current energy crisis. Tidal current energy belongs to the marine renewable energy. It is clean, pollution-free, and abundant, with a good prospect of development due to its similarity with wind energy. This paper firstly analyses the reserves and distribution of tidal current energy in China. Then the early exploration of Tidal Current Power Generation System (TCPGS) in China is briefly introduced. Subsequently, it gives the details of the devices and experimental platforms of TCPGS that were researched and developed by various universities, research institutes and enterprises in China. The information mainly includes: the size and the capacity of the system, the support structure, turbine type, the selection of generator, and some river and offshore test information, etc. Finally, it discusses the similarities and differences between China and other countries in tidal current power generation technology, and summaries the current development status and gives the prospect of the TCPGS technology in China.
40
Pham, Thi Quynh Mai, Sungwoo Im, and Joonmo Choung. "Prospects and Economics of Offshore Wind Turbine Systems." Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology 35, no. 5 (October 31, 2021): 382–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.26748/ksoe.2021.061.
Full textAbstract:
In recent years, floating offshore wind turbines have attracted more attention as a new renewable energy resource while bottom-fixed offshore wind turbines reach their limit of water depth. Various projects have been proposed with the rapid increase in installed floating wind power capacity, but the economic aspect remains as a biggest issue. To figure out sensible approaches for saving costs, a comparison analysis of the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) between floating and bottom-fixed offshore wind turbines was carried out. The LCOE was reviewed from a social perspective and a cost breakdown and a literature review analysis were used to itemize the costs into its various components in each level of power plant and system integration. The results show that the highest proportion in capital expenditure of a floating offshore wind turbine results in the substructure part, which is the main difference from a bottom-fixed wind turbine. A floating offshore wind turbine was found to have several advantages over a bottom-fixed wind turbine. Although a similarity in operation and maintenance cost structure is revealed, a floating wind turbine still has the benefit of being able to be maintained at a seaport. After emphasizing the cost-reduction advantages of a floating wind turbine, its LCOE outlook is provided to give a brief overview in the following years. Finally, some estimated cost drivers, such as economics of scale, wind turbine rating, a floater with mooring system, and grid connection cost, are outlined as proposals for floating wind LCOE reduction.
41
Lian, Jijian, Ou Cai, Xiaofeng Dong, Qi Jiang, and Yue Zhao. "Health Monitoring and Safety Evaluation of the Offshore Wind Turbine Structure: A Review and Discussion of Future Development." Sustainability 11, no. 2 (January 18, 2019): 494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11020494.
Full textAbstract:
With the depletion of fossil energy, offshore wind power has become an irreplaceable energy source for most countries in the world. In recent years, offshore wind power generation has presented the gradual development trend of larger capacity, taller towers, and longer blades. The more flexible towers and blades have led to the structural operational safety of the offshore wind turbine (OWT) receiving increasing worldwide attention. From this perspective, health monitoring systems and operational safety evaluation techniques of the offshore wind turbine structure, including the monitoring system category, data acquisition and transmission, feature information extraction and identification, safety evaluation and reliability analysis, and the intelligent operation and maintenance, were systematically investigated and summarized in this paper. Furthermore, a review of the current status, advantages, disadvantages, and the future development trend of existing systems and techniques was also carried out. Particularly, the offshore wind power industry will continue to develop into deep ocean areas in the next 30 years in China. Practical and reliable health monitoring systems and safety evaluation techniques are increasingly critical for offshore wind farms. Simultaneously, they have great significance for strengthening operation management, making efficient decisions, and reducing failure risks, and are also the key link in ensuring safe energy compositions and achieving energy development targets in China. The aims of this article are to inform more scholars and experts about the status of the health monitoring and safety evaluation of the offshore wind turbine structure, and to contribute toward improving the efficiency of the corresponding systems and techniques.
42
Moura Paredes, Guilherme, Claes Eskilsson, and Allan P. Engsig-Karup. "Uncertainty Quantification in Mooring Cable Dynamics Using Polynomial Chaos Expansions." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 3 (March 2, 2020): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8030162.
Full textAbstract:
Mooring systems exhibit high failure rates. This is especially problematic for offshore renewable energy systems, like wave and floating wind, where the mooring system can be an active component and the redundancy in the design must be kept low. Here we investigate how uncertainty in input parameters propagates through the mooring system and affects the design and dynamic response of mooring and floaters. The method used is a nonintrusive surrogate based uncertainty quantification (UQ) approach based on generalized Polynomial Chaos (gPC). We investigate the importance of the added mass, tangential drag, and normal drag coefficient of a catenary mooring cable on the peak tension in the cable. It is found that the normal drag coefficient has the greatest influence. However, the uncertainty in the coefficients plays a minor role for snap loads. Using the same methodology we analyze how deviations in anchor placement impact the dynamics of a floating axi-symmetric point-absorber. It is shown that heave and pitch are largely unaffected but surge and cable tension can be significantly altered. Our results are important towards streamlining the analysis and design of floating structures. Improving the analysis to take into account uncertainties is especially relevant for offshore renewable energy systems where the mooring system is a considerable portion of the investment.
43
Wang, Xiaonan, Lanyu Li, Ahmet Palazoglu, Nael H. El-Farra, and Nilay Shah. "Optimization and control of offshore wind systems with energy storage." Energy Conversion and Management 173 (October 2018): 426–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2018.07.079.
Full text
44
Majidi Nezhad, Meysam, Riyaaz Uddien Shaik, Azim Heydari, Armin Razmjoo, Niyazi Arslan, and Davide Astiaso Garcia. "A SWOT Analysis for Offshore Wind Energy Assessment Using Remote-Sensing Potential." Applied Sciences 10, no. 18 (September 14, 2020): 6398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10186398.
Full textAbstract:
The elaboration of a methodology for accurately assessing the potentialities of blue renewable energy sources is a key challenge among the current energy sustainability strategies all over the world. Consequentially, many researchers are currently working to improve the accuracy of marine renewable assessment methods. Nowadays, remote sensing (RSs) satellites are used to observe the environment in many fields and applications. These could also be used to identify regions of interest for future energy converter installations and to accurately identify areas with interesting potentials. Therefore, researchers can dramatically reduce the possibility of significant error. In this paper, a comprehensive SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) analysis is elaborated to assess RS satellite potentialities for offshore wind (OW) estimation. Sicily and Sardinia—the two biggest Italian islands with the highest potential for offshore wind energy generation—were selected as pilot areas. Since there is a lack of measuring instruments, such as cup anemometers and buoys in these areas (mainly due to their high economic costs), an accurate analysis was carried out to assess the marine energy potential from offshore wind. Since there are only limited options for further expanding the measurement over large areas, the use of satellites makes it easier to overcome this limitation. Undoubtedly, with the advent of new technologies for measuring renewable energy sources (RESs), there could be a significant energy transition in this area that requires a proper orientation of plans to examine the factors influencing these new technologies that can negatively affect most of the available potential. Satellite technology for identifying suitable areas of wind power plants could be a powerful tool that is constantly increasing in its applications but requires good planning to apply it in various projects. Proper planning is only possible with a better understanding of satellite capabilities and different methods for measuring available wind resources. To this end, a better understanding in interdisciplinary fields with the exchange of updated information between different sectors of development, such as universities and companies, will be most effective. In this context, by reviewing the available satellite technologies, the ability of this tool to measure the marine renewable energies (MREs) sector in large and small areas is considered. Secondly, an attempt is made to identify the strengths and weaknesses of using these types of tools and techniques that can help in various projects. Lastly, specific scenarios related to the application of such systems in existing and new developments are reviewed and discussed.
45
Gecevičius, Giedrius, and Žydrūnas Kavaliauskas. "Development of Renewable Energy in Lithuania: Experience, State and Trends." Environmental Research, Engineering and Management 77, no. 4 (December 9, 2021): 64–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.erem.77.4.29902.
Full textAbstract:
In recent decades, the growing number of citizens and improving life quality have increased energy consumption in the world and Europe, as well as in Lithuania. Despite the fact that an increasing number of countries are focusing on the development of renewable energy, most of the energy is produced by using fossil fuels. As a result, climate change is being felt more than ever before. One of the ways to mitigate climate change is the development of renewable energy sources in the world, Europe and Lithuania. Last year, Lithuania produced 5,142 TWh of electricity, which accounted for 47% of the country’s total electricity consumption, and 22.2% of all electricity consumption was generated using renewable energy sources. According to the Lithuanian National Energy Independence Strategy, 70% of electricity will have to be produced in Lithuania by 2030, reaching 100% by 2050. However, electricity imports and resulting energy dependence are still a major challenge in Lithuania. To address the ambitious goals of eliminating energy dependence and developing climate-neutral technologies, the last decade has seen the focus on the development of renewable energy, and wind energy in particular. Forecasts for the future suggest that by the middle of the century, the country will be producing electricity mainly from renewable sources including onshore and offshore wind energy, large- and small-scale solar energy, and bioenergy systems.
46
Gorton, Alicia M., and Will J. Shaw. "Advancing Offshore Wind Resource Characterization Using Buoy-Based Observations." Marine Technology Society Journal 54, no. 6 (November 1, 2020): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.54.6.5.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractAs countries continue to implement sustainable and renewable energy goals, the need for affordable low-carbon technologies, including those related to offshore wind energy, is accelerating. The U.S. federal government recognizes the environmental and economic benefits of offshore wind development and is taking the necessary steps to overcome critical challenges facing the industry to realize these benefits. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is investing in buoy-mounted lidar systems to facilitate offshore measurement campaigns that will advance our understanding of the offshore environment and provide the observational data needed for model validation, particularly at hub height where offshore observations are particularly lacking. On behalf of the DOE, the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory manages a Lidar Buoy Program that facilitates meteorological and oceanographic data collection using validated methods to support the U.S. offshore wind industry. Since being acquired in 2014, two DOE lidar buoys have been deployed on the U.S. east and west coasts, and their data represent the first publicly available multi-seasonal hub height data to be collected in U.S. waters. In addition, the buoys have undergone performance testing, significant upgrades, and a lidar validation campaign to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the lidar data needed to support wind resource characterization and model validation (the lidars were validated against a reference lidar installed on the Air-Sea Interaction Tower operated by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution). The Lidar Buoy Program is providing valuable offshore data to the wind energy community, while focusing data collection on areas of acknowledged high priority.
47
Noori, M., M. Kucukvar, and O. Tatari. "Economic Input–Output Based Sustainability Analysis of Onshore and Offshore Wind Energy Systems." International Journal of Green Energy 12, no. 9 (July 18, 2014): 939–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15435075.2014.890103.
Full text
48
Barter, Garrett E., Amy Robertson, and Walter Musial. "A systems engineering vision for floating offshore wind cost optimization." Renewable Energy Focus 34 (September 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ref.2020.03.002.
Full text
49
Hu, Yu, Jian Yang, and Charalampos Baniotopoulos. "Study of the Bearing Capacity of Stiffened Tall Offshore Wind Turbine Towers during the Erection Phase." Energies 13, no. 19 (October 1, 2020): 5102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13195102.
Full textAbstract:
Offshore wind energy is a rapidly maturing renewable energy technology that is poised to play an important role in future energy systems. The respective advances refer among others to the monopile foundation that is frequently used to support wind turbines in the marine environment. In the present research paper, the structural response of tall wind energy converters with various stiffening schemes is studied during the erection phase as the latter are manufactured in modules that are assembled in situ. Rings, vertical stiffeners, T-shaped stiffeners and orthogonal stiffeners are considered efficient stiffening schemes to strengthen the tower structures. The loading bearing capacity of offshore monopile wind turbine towers with the four types of stiffeners were modeled numerically by means of finite elements. Applying a nonlinear buckling analysis, the ultimate bearing capacity of wind turbine towers with four standard stiffening schemes were compared in order to obtain the optimum stiffening option.
50
Liang, Chengyu, Wei Xiong, Meiling Wang, David S. K. Ting, Rupp Carriveau, and Zhiwen Wang. "Experimental and Modeling Investigation for Slugging Pressure under Zero Net Liquid Flow in Underwater Compressed Gas Energy Storage Systems." Applied Sciences 13, no. 2 (January 16, 2023): 1216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13021216.
Full textAbstract:
As an emerging flexible-scale energy storage technology, underwater compressed gas energy storage (UW-CGES) is regarded as a promising energy storage option for offshore platforms, offshore renewable energy farms, islands, coastal cities, etc. Liquid accumulation often occurs in underwater gas transmission pipelines, which is a challenge to overcome. In this study, an experimental investigation is carried out on the pressure distribution characteristics of liquid accumulation flow in hilly terrain under the condition of Zero Net Liquid Flow. A slug flow pressure model with different inclination angles at four times is established and verified, and its error range is within ±20%. Analysis revealed that reduction and growth in pressure difference are related to the outflow of slug in an inclined pipe. A high-speed camera is used to capture the movement of liquid accumulation under Zero Net Liquid Flow (ZNLF) and record the associated dynamic parameters. By imaging the motion of liquid accumulation and detecting the pressure changes in the pipeline at various times, the pressure fluctuation in the pipeline at the slug flow cause is studied. Outcomes from this work can be leveraged to help further the development of underwater compressed gas energy storage technology.