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1
Rutherford, Steven R. "Noise‐discriminating, statistical‐amplitude compensation for AVO analysis." GEOPHYSICS 58, no. 12 (December 1993): 1831–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1443398.
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Statistical amplitude balancing/compensation techniques are widely used in the industry to prepare seismic data for amplitude variation with offset (AVO) processing and analysis. The intent of such statistical techniques is to compensate the data for the average signal decay with offset such that reflectors that are anomalous with respect to this average decay can be detected and analyzed. Statistical amplitude compensation techniques, however, suffer from a serious flaw when applied to data sets having low signal‐to‐noise ratios (S/N) that vary with offset. An artifact of this flaw is often a suppression of the AVO effects one is trying to detect. When S/N is low and decreases with offset, as is usually the case, the rms amplitude measurements that statistical techniques are based upon become increasingly dominated by noise as offset increases. This can lead to a suppression of the far offsets by the balancing scalars responding to a noise level that is increasing with offset. A noise‐discriminating, statistical‐amplitude compensation technique can be designed that counteracts the detrimental effects of noise. This technique is based on the premise that a common‐midpoint (CMP) ensemble average of crosscorrelations of like offset data is proportional to the average signal amplitude corresponding to that offset. The average signal decay with offset can be estimated with this technique and used to amplitude compensate a data set for AVO analysis. The noise‐discriminating statistical technique performs extremely well on synthetic data. When applied to a Gulf of Mexico data set having poor S/N characteristics, the technique also performs well and offers encouragement that it will be useful in actual practice.
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Druckenbrod, Catharina, and Volker Beckmann. "Production-Integrated Compensation in Environmental Offsets—A Review of a German Offset Practice." Sustainability 10, no. 11 (November 12, 2018): 4161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10114161.
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Environmental offset schemes designed to compensate for adverse development impacts are found in countries worldwide, pursuing no-net-loss policy. In Germany, a practice combining environmental improvements with farming evolved in the early 2000s, known as production-integrated compensation (PIC) (Produktionsintegrierte Kompensation). This paper provides a review of PIC, presenting origins, legal and cost aspects, as well as examples of PIC practice. PIC key challenges are the complexity of environmental improvements of agrarian habitats and the high efforts for communication among diverse actors and for designing and monitoring PIC. Benefits for nature conservation lie in the protection of strongly endangered species and an increase of acceptance of compensation measures. Positive effects for farmers are the sustaining of arable farmland and involvement in setting up land management terms. Investors profit from the increased availability of sites. However, a specific legal framework for PIC is still developing and representation of PIC in offset registries in the German States is only very small. In conclusion, targeted design, continuous monitoring, and long-term financing provided, PIC may (a) increase offset efficiency by focusing on implementation while avoiding land purchase and physical investments and (b) increase offset effectiveness by high conservation benefits and a collaborative approach towards farmers.
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Rahmdel, Mansour. "The Right of the Accused to Compensation in the Iranian Criminal Justice System." Economics, Law and Policy 1, no. 1 (April 24, 2018): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/elp.v1n1p76.
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<em>Normally, the right to compensation refers to the victim’s compensation. The legislator also typically refers to the right to it, as the Iranian Criminal Procedure Code has done so in articles 14 and 15. But the present paper, refers not to the victim’s, but the accused right. The Criminal Procedure Code of 1912 and 1999 referred to the possibility of compensating the accused by the iniquitous private complainant. However, none of them referred to the government’s obligation to compensate to the innocent accused. In contrast, the Penal Code of 2014 stipulates the government’s obligation to compensate the defendant for damages, but does not rule out the possibility of compensation by iniquitous complainant. Certainly, it does not exempt the complainant to compensation. Reaffirming the responsibility of the government to offset the losses of innocent accused, in line with international conventions, is one of the highlights of the new code. But the lack of compensation for unjustified detention is one of the gaps in the new code. This paper proposes that the Iranian new code of criminal procedure, serves as a development in respecting the accused right in creating comprehensive compensation schemes.</em>
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Et.al, Eui-Soo Lee. "Joint Timing and Frequency Synchronization Using Convolutional Neural Network in WLAN Systems." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 6 (April 10, 2021): 531–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i6.1969.
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In wireless communication systems, the performance of the receiver is very sensitive to time and frequency offsets. In particular, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems are highly vulnerable to those offsets due to inter-carrier interference (ICI) and inter-symbol interference (ISI). To solve this problem, wireless local area network (WLAN) systems transmit a preamble for synchronization. In this paper, we propose a joint time and frequency offsets estimation technique based on convolutional neural network (CNN) for WLAN systems. In the proposed technique, the correlation between the received signal and the transmitted preamble is performed first. Then the frequency offset is coarsely compensated by several hypothesized offsets. The compensated signals are inputted to the proposed CNN and the CNN predicts the time and frequency offsets. The estimation performance is examined through computer simulation. According to the results, the proposed time offset estimator shows 3 dB to 6 dB performance gain, and the frequency offset estimator shows much lower root mean square error (RMSE) performance than the conventional technique at low SNRs
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Zhang, Lingfei, Jun Ma, Rongxin Liu, Zhonglun You, and Tingting Xiang. "Low-complexity compensation of sampling offset with cross-correlation and early-late gate for OFDM receivers." Journal of Computational Methods in Sciences and Engineering 20, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 827–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jcm-194051.
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This paper proposes a method for compensation of sampling offset for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) used in wireless local area networks (WLAN). Sampling offset is a typical transmission interference used in OFDM systems that introduce large error when synchronized data is demodulated. In this regard, an appropriate offset compensation method with a simple structure can be adopted to mitigate the impacts of sampling offset by using cross-correlation and early-late gate compensation methods for OFDM receivers instead of conventional methods that use algorithms with analog and mixed mode loops implementations. When bit error rate (BER) is at 10-3, simulation with the method without sampling offset compensation showed a signal noise rate (SNR) curve of about 25 dB, while the SNR curve of the method with offset compensation as proposed in this paper is about 26 dB. The comparisons show that the proposed system sacrifices performance by 1 dB to realize the benefit of compensating sampling offset. This sacrifice of 1 dB in performance is within the system’s tolerance range. Furthermore, the method overcomes the impact of sampling offset without additional hardware resource in WLAN applications.
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Heidary Shalmany, Saleh, Matthias Merz, Ali Fekri, Zu-yao Chang, Romano J. O. M. Hoofman, and Michiel A. P. Pertijs. "A 7 μW Offset- and Temperature-Compensated pH-to-Digital Converter." Journal of Sensors 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6158689.
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This paper demonstrates a micropower offset- and temperature-compensated smart pH sensor, intended for use in battery-powered RFID systems that monitor the quality of perishable products. Low operation power is essential in such systems to enable autonomous logging of environmental parameters, such as the pH level, over extended periods of time using only a small, low-cost battery. The pH-sensing element in this work is an ion-sensitive extended-gate field-effect transistor (EGFET), which is incorporated in a low-power sensor front-end. The front-end outputs a pH-dependent voltage, which is then digitized by means of a co-integrated incremental delta-sigma ADC. To compensate for the offset and temperature cross-sensitivity of the EGFET, a compensation scheme using a calibration process and a temperature sensor has been devised. A prototype chip has been realized in a 0.16 μm CMOS process. It occupies 0.35 × 3.9 mm2 of die area and draws only 4 μA from a 1.8 V supply. Two different types of custom packaging have been used for measurement purposes. The pH sensor achieves a linearity of better than ±0.1 for pH values ranging from 4 to 10. The calibration and compensation scheme reduces errors due to temperature cross-sensitivity to less than ±0.1 in the temperature range of 6°C to 25°C.
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Wu, Binqi, Jin Lu, Mingyi Gao, Hongliang Ren, Zichun Le, Yali Qin, Shuqin Guo, and Weisheng Hu. "Time-Domain Blind ICI Compensation in Coherent Optical FBMC/OQAM System." Sensors 20, no. 21 (November 9, 2020): 6397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20216397.
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A blind discrete-cosine-transform-based phase noise compensation (BD-PNC) is proposed to compensate the inter-carrier-interference (ICI) in the coherent optical offset-quadrature amplitude modulation (OQAM)-based filter-bank multicarrier (CO-FBMC/OQAM) transmission system. Since the phase noise sample can be approximated by an expansion of the discrete cosine transform (DCT) in the time-domain, a time-domain compensation model is built for the transmission system. According to the model, phase noise compensation (PNC) depends only on its DCT coefficients. The common phase error (CPE) compensation is firstly performed for the received signal. After that, a pre-decision is made on a part of compensated signals with low decision error probability, and the pre-decision results are used as the estimated values of transmitted signals to calculate the DCT coefficients. Such a partial pre-decision process reduces not only decision error but also the complexity of the BD-PNC method while keeping almost the same performance as in the case of the pre-decision of all compensated signals. Numerical simulations are performed to evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme for a 30 GBaud CO-FBMC/OQAM system. The simulation results show that its bit error rate (BER) performance is improved by more than one order of magnitude through the mitigation of the ICI in comparison with the traditional blind PNC scheme only aiming for CPE compensation.
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Barnthouse, Lawrence W., Cherie-Lee Fietsch, and David Snider. "Quantifying Restoration Offsets at a Nuclear Power Plant in Canada." Environmental Management 64, no. 5 (October 19, 2019): 593–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-019-01214-2.
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Abstract In Canada, the Fisheries Act requires all water takers to avoid, mitigate and offset fish losses. To satisfy the act’s requirements, operators of power plants are required to undertake habitat restoration projects to compensate for fish impinged and entrained at cooling water intake structures. Scaling the quantity of restoration needed, and measuring whether adequate compensation has been achieved, requires a metric that expresses the losses and gains in comparable units. Development of such a metric is especially difficult in the case of power plants, because the losses often consist of a mix of species and life stages that are very different from those produced by technically feasible restoration projects. This paper documents the method that has been developed for quantifying offsets for impingement and entrainment at the Bruce Generating Stations on the eastern shore of Lake Huron, and demonstrates how the method is being used to estimate the offset to be provided by removal of a dam on the nearby Saugeen River.
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MILLER, KATHERINE L., JAMES A. TREZISE, STEFAN KRAUS, KIMBERLEY DRIPPS, MEGAN C. EVANS, PHILIP GIBBONS, HUGH P. POSSINGHAM, and MARTINE MARON. "The development of the Australian environmental offsets policy: from theory to practice." Environmental Conservation 42, no. 4 (January 14, 2015): 306–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s037689291400040x.
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SUMMARYEnvironmental offsetting involves compensating for the residual adverse impacts of an action on the environment by generating an equivalent benefit elsewhere. As the prevalence of environmental offsetting grows, so does the challenge of translating no-net-loss goals to workable policy. From 2011–2012, the Australian Government developed an Environmental Offsets Policy and an accompanying metric (the Offsets Assessment Guide) to support decision making about offset requirements under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. Through extensive stakeholder consultation and in collaboration with academic researchers, the Guide was developed with the aim of accounting appropriately for ecological equivalence in a transparent and flexible manner. This paper outlines the Australian Government's environmental offset policy development process, and describes the approach adopted for evaluating the suitability of proposed offsets in meeting the policy goals. The Guide explicitly estimates the extent to which an offset will improve the target biota and/or avert future losses, the degree of confidence that the offset will be implemented successfully, and the time it will take to deliver a conservation benefit. Since implementation of the Environmental Offsets Policy and the Guide, there has been a shift in focus from estimating offset requirements based on simplistic area ratios, toward directly evaluating the components of an offset action that determine its environmental performance. Achieving a balance between scientific robustness and policy workability is an ongoing challenge. The Environmental Offsets Policy and Guide represent an important step towards consistency and transparency in environmental offset decision-making.
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Yang, Li Po, and Bing Qiang Yu. "Effect of Cold Rolling Strip Edge Offset on Original Shape Signal." Advanced Materials Research 753-755 (August 2013): 2794–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.753-755.2794.
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To solve the problem that two sides of strip usually cannot cover the shape measurement channel completely, an online compensatory model of error signal used for strip edge is established. Based on this model, the channel coverage of edge is able to be automatically calculated by the horizontal offset. Then, by combining proportion compensation with slope compensation, the signal error of edge shape should be compensated reasonably. This method is proved to be effective and reliable after the physical and industrial tests.
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Wen, Hao, Jian Gao, and Xin Chen. "Polygonal model based cutter location data generation with offset error compensation." Rapid Prototyping Journal 22, no. 3 (April 18, 2016): 559–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-01-2015-0001.
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Purpose As manufacturing technology has developed, digital models from advanced measuring devices have been widely used in manufacturing sectors. To speed up the production cycle and reduce extra errors introduced in surface reconstruction processes, directly machining digital models in the polygonal stereolithographyformat has been considered as an effective approach in rapid digital manufacturing. In machining processes, Cutter Location (CL) data for numerical control (NC) machining is generated usually from an offset model. This model is created by offsetting each vertex of the original model along its vertex vector. However, this method has the drawback of overcut to the offset model. The purpose of this paper is to solve the overcut problem through an error compensation algorithm to the vertex offset model. Design/methodology/approach Based on the analysis of the vertex offset method and the offset model generated, the authors developed and implemented an error compensation method to correct the offset models and generated the accurate CL data for the subsequent machining process. This error compensation method is verified through three polygonal models and the tool paths generated were used for a real part machining. Findings Based on the analysis of the vertex offset method and the offset model generated, the authors developed an error compensation method to correct the offset models and generated the accurate CL data for the subsequent machining process. The developed error compensation algorithm can effectively solve the overcut drawback of the vertex offset method. Research limitations/implications The error compensation method to the vertex offset model is used for generating the CL data with the using of a ball-end cutter. Practical implications On the study of CL data generation for a STL model, most of the current studies are focused on the determination of the offset vectors of the vertexes. The offset distance is usually fixed to the radius of the cutter used. Thus, the overcut problem to the offset model is inevitable and has not been much studied. The authors propose an effective approach to compensate the insufficient distance of the offset vertex and solve the overcut problem. Social implications The directly tool paths generation from a STL model can reduce the error of surface reconstruction and speed up the machining progress. Originality/value The authors investigate the overcut problem occurred in vertex offset for CL data generation and present a new error compensation algorithm for generating the CL data that can effectively solve the overcut problem.
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Richards, Brooke, Miriam Sullivan, and Peter R. Mawson. "A case study of environmental offsets for the endangered Carnaby’s cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus latirostris)." Pacific Conservation Biology 26, no. 3 (2020): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc19038.
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Environmental offsets are applied in Western Australia (WA) as a management tool to compensate for residual significant impacts of clearing and development of habitat for the endangered Carnaby’s cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus latirostris). In the past 20 years many offsets have been established for the species. This research investigated whether environmental offsets were effective for conserving Carnaby’s cockatoo habitat. The research was conducted as a case study describing offset implementation in WA based on 45 state-approved development proposals (2011–16) and 20 federally approved development proposals (2013–15). Land acquisition offsets were the most common type used for both WA- and federally approved developments. Only one offset that contributed to the 25364ha acquired has been vested as conservation estate. Land acquisition offsets allow development to occur without significant time delays, as developers have been able to use the transfer of funds for land purchase to fulfil most, or all, of their offset obligation(s). Those lands purchased by the Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions (and its predecessors) in fulfilment of offset conditions have been strategically acquired to either extend existing conservation estate, or to create a significant contiguous corridor of habitat suitable for Carnaby’s cockatoos. Other offset types such as research and education were rarely used to fulfil offset obligations. There was free and easy access to online primary documentation associated with the granting of offsets, but secondary documentation was mostly unavailable and prevented in-depth investigation. Overall, mitigation of impacts on Carnaby’s cockatoos from development of key habitat through environmental offsets shows promise, but thus far has resulted in a net loss of habitat for Carnaby’s cockatoo.
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Hongjian, Wang, Yu Yong, Zheng Zhibin, Lei Zhiyong, Wei Yao, and Wu Gang. "Echo Doppler Frequency Compensation Analysis of Space-based Radars." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2235, no. 1 (May 1, 2022): 012067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2235/1/012067.
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Abstract Based on the geometric model between space-based radar (SBR) and the Earth, Earth’s rotation adds an additional component to the echo Doppler frequency. The result is as follows, when the orbit inclination is fixed, the crab magnitude has an offset effect on the clutter Doppler frequency, and the fluctuation of the offset value is very small, so the echo data can be uniformly compensated. However, the effect of the crab angle on the clutter Doppler frequency is two orders of magnitude larger than that of the crab magnitude and changes with time, so real-time compensation is needed. The maximum compensation interval is also related to the radar pulse repetition time and the number of accumulated pulses. Compensation interval needs to be less than 6s under a typical scene. The above conclusions lay the foundation for effective detection of SBR.
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Augusto Rodolfo Medeiros, Felipe, and William de Sousa Moreira. "Política e gestão de “offsets” em aquisições de defesa: contribuições da experiência internacional para o Brasil." Revista da Escola de Guerra Naval 22, no. 02 (2016): 327–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21544/1809-3191.v22n2.p327-360.
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O presente artigo explora as características dos acordos de compensação comercial, industrial e tecnológica, conhecidos como “offsets”3, praticados internacionalmente. A partir da construção de uma base teórica e conceitual, o trabalho busca depreender da experiência internacional contribuições para o aprimoramento da gestão de offsets no Brasil. Desenvolvido com base em pesquisa de mestrado pelo primeiro autor, sob orientação do segundo, o presente artigo sintetiza subsídios que podem informar a reflexão de atores envolvidos na formulação de normas atinentes às práticas de offset.
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Xue, Long, Li Jun Sun, and Su Na Guo. "Intelligent Turbine Flowmeter for Viscous Oil Flow Measurement." Advanced Materials Research 694-697 (May 2013): 1074–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.694-697.1074.
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Turbine flowmeter is significant, but the change of viscosity has a remarkable impact on the accuracy of the turbine flowmeter. Aiming at this problem, the experiment was carried out on the viscosity variable oil flow facility. New software compensation method for viscosity was put forward with the developed intelligent turbine secondary instrument. Firstly the viscosity was compensated, viscosity was regarded as independent variable, average meter factor was regarded as dependent variable, the polynomial was fitted; then the flow rate was compensated, flow rate was regarded as independent variable, the average offset between meter factor got by viscosity compensation and experiment was regarded as dependent variable. The polynomial was fitted, the sum of results of two functions was regarded as the final meter factor. The test demonstrated: with the software compensation the accuracy of intelligent turbine flowmeter changed from 8.0% to better than 2.3%.
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Li, Song, Yongmei Cheng, Huibin Wang, and Shibo Gao. "Distributed Multisensor Multitarget Tracking Algorithm with Time-Offset Registration." Xibei Gongye Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University 38, no. 4 (August 2020): 797–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jnwpu/20203840797.
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In multisensor systems, the signal processing delay, measurement acquisition delay, and other factors will lead to imprecisely time-stamped measurements, namely, the problem of time-offset. To deal with the measurement time offsets in distributed multisensor systems, a distributed multisensor multitarget tracking algorithm with time-offset registration is proposed. The local processors track multiple targets in the presence of false alarms and missed detections based on the joint probabilistic data association (JPDA) algorithm and the extended Kalman filter (EKF), providing the time-biased local tracks. In the global processor, in allusion to the global track accuracy degradation introduced by the time offsets of local tracks, the equivalent measurements are firstly constructed based on local tracks by using the inverse Kalman filter. The pseudo-measurement equation of time offset for constant velocity targets is derived and the pseudo-measurement calculation method is presented. Then, the pseudo-measurement based relative time-offset estimation algorithm is presented, by using the recursive least squares estimation (RLSE) and the Kalman filter (KF) to jointly estimate the state in space and time domains, respectively. Finally, a framework of distributed multisensor multitarget tracking with time-offset registration is presented, where the time-varying relative time-offset estimation and compensation, 'equivalent measurement to global track' association, and global track update are included. Simulations for multisensor multitarget tracking in the presence of false alarms and missed detections are conducted, demonstrating that the present algorithm effectively improves the accuracy of fused global tracks.
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Suyama, Satoshi, Junichi Onodera, Hiroshi Suzuki, and Kazuhiko Fukawa. "Decision-directed phase noise compensation for millimeter-wave single carrier systems with iterative frequency-domain equalization." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 2, no. 3-4 (July 8, 2010): 399–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078710000516.
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This paper proposes a receiver that repeats iterative frequency-domain equalization (FDE) and decision-directed phase noise compensation (DD-PNC) to alleviate degradation due to the phase noise for millimeter-wave single carrier (SC) systems. High bit-rate SC-FDE transceivers based on the single-chip Si RF-CMOS IC technology in the 60-GHz millimeter-wave band have been extensively studied for wireless personal area network (WPAN) systems, and the relatively large phase noise in a phase-locked loop (PLL) synthesizer severely degrades transmission performance. In an initial processing of the proposed receiver, a cyclic prefix (CP)-based phase noise compensator (CP-PNC) removes the phase noise from a time-domain received signal by using CP, which is known to the receiver, and the channel is equalized by the iterative FDE using the conventional minimum mean-square-error (MMSE) weight. In an iterative processing, DD-PNC estimates the phase noise each symbol by exploiting an output of a channel decoder, and then compensates the time-domain received signal for the phase noise by using the estimate. In order to equalize the compensated received signal, the iterative FDE performs both the MMSE filtering and residual inter-symbol interference cancelation using the decoder output. Computer simulations following the 60-GHz WPAN standard demonstrate that in the 64QAM with the coding rate of 3/4, the proposed receiver with three iterations can drastically remove the phase noise of −85 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset, and that it can achieve excellent transmission performance.
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M. Simamora, Yohannes S., Harijono A. Tjokronegoro, Edi Leksono, and Irsan S. Brodjonegoro. "Compensation of time-varying clock-offset in a LBL navigation." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 9, no. 4 (August 1, 2020): 1364–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v9i4.1996.
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This paper presents compensation of the clock-offset in a long baseline (LBL)navigation. It departs from the existing literature mainly in dealing with a time-varyingclock-offset, i.e. the clock-rate drifts over the time. Specifically, the clock-offsetdynamics are introduced to the ToFs as an autoregressive filter.Subsequently,interactions among the now biased ToFs and the kinematics of an autonomousunderwater vehicle (AUV)–the navigation subject–are represented in a state-spaceform. Implementing the so-called graphic approach, minimum sensor requirementfor this system’s observability is then explicated. Finally, a standard discrete Kalmanfilter is deployed as the state estimator. By simulation, it is demonstrated that theestimator manages to compensate the offset and to provide localization with less than1 m accuracy
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Yen, Jia-Yush, Chao-Si Jeng, and Kuang-Chau Fan. "Servo Design for a 3-D Laser-Tracking Measurement System." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 118, no. 3 (September 1, 1996): 476–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2801170.
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This paper addresses the servo design for a real-time, laser-tracking, three-dimensional (3-D), position measurement system. The 3-D measurement system uses two sets of tracking mirrors to shine laser beams toward the measurement point. By examining the angles of these mirrors, one can calculate the position of this point. The servo loop in the measurement system corrects the mirror orientations by continuously checking and compensating the offset between the out going laser beam and the beam reflected from a retro-reflector attached to the measurement point. To achieve high speed and high accuracy measurement, the tracking servo system has to compensate for the highly nonlinear nature of the system and maintain the laser beams close to the measurement point. This paper derives the relationship between the tracking angle rotations and the measured beam offsets. By including this relationship in the system model, the linear H∞ optimization technique can be applied for controller synthesis. All the design specifications are then directly implemented.
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Kang, Dongwoo, Hyunchang Kim, Hyuntae Kim, Jeongdai Jo, and Taik-Min Lee. "Actively compensated precision overlay in a reverse-offset printing system for realizing printed electronics of a large-area and multi-layer structure." Flexible and Printed Electronics 7, no. 1 (February 23, 2022): 014010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-8585/ac5213.
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Abstract This study focuses on developing a way to improve the overlay accuracy of the reverse-offset printing system. Investigations were made into how the overlay error is distorted by the six-DOF position error of the roller during the rolling contact through literature review and finite element (FE) simulations. This means that controlling the motion error actively in MD, CD, and yaw direction between the offset roller and the substrate (or cliché) can be the control knobs to compensate for the overlay errors caused by the six-DOF motion errors during rolling contact. With these control knobs, a novel active and automatic correction algorithm of overlay error for a reverse-offset printing system is proposed. A novel reverse-offset printing system is developed to precisely control the six-DOF motion of the roller and print the patterns with high position repeatability. The core modules for the proposed overlay compensation are also explained. To evaluate the proposed overlay compensation algorithm, an overlay printing test is performed in the developed printing system. With the proposed correction algorithm, the overlay error is converged to 1.9 μm and 2.4 μm in CD and MD, respectively.
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Mukhopadhyay, Pradip Kumar, and Subhashis Mallick. "An accurate ray-based offset-to-angle transform from normal moveout uncorrected multicomponent data in a transversely isotropic medium with vertical symmetry axis." GEOPHYSICS 76, no. 3 (May 2011): C41—C51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3565182.
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A new ray-based approach for converting multicomponent normal moveout uncorrected offset domain prestack seismic data into angles is presented. From any two-way zero-offset time sample and a given angle of incidence, the exact ray and a few neighboring rays that contribute to the given angle of incidence are traced through the medium to their corresponding source and receiver locations to compute their raypath lengths, traveltimes, and offsets. A polynomial then is fitted locally between these computed offsets and their corresponding traveltimes. Next the traveltimes for the actual offsets on data that lie within these traced rays are computed from this local polynomial fit, and their corresponding time samples are partially stacked and moved to their two-way zero-offset times. Repetition of this procedure for all zero-offset time samples and for all desired angles produces an angle gather. The procedure allows computation of both primary (P-P) and mode-converted (P-SV) angle gathers. Also, by calculating the exact raypath length, an accurate geometric spreading compensation can be computed and applied to these gathers. By using the methodology for a horizontally stratified transversely isotopic medium with a vertical symmetry axis (a VTI medium), it is possible to extract a much more accurate angle-domain response from the ray-based method than is possible from a traditional NMO-based method. Accuracy out to large angles for both primary and mode-converted reflection suggests that this ray-based transform potentially could be used in a multicomponent prestack waveform inversion scheme.
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Patel, Swetal, Francis Oyebanji, and Kurt J. Marfurt. "A method to compensate for migration stretch to improve the resolution of amplitude variation with offset, S-impedance (ZS), and density (ρ)." Interpretation 8, no. 4 (August 31, 2020): T687—T699. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2019-0226.1.
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Because of their improved leverage against ground roll and multiples, as well as the ability to estimate azimuthal anisotropy, wide-azimuth 3D seismic surveys routinely now are acquired over most resource plays. For a relatively shallow target, most of these surveys can be considered to be long offset as well, containing incident angles up to 45°. Unfortunately, effective use of the far-offset data often is compromised by noise and normal moveout (NMO) (or, more accurately, prestack migration) stretch. The conventional NMO correction is well-known to decrease the frequency content and distort the seismic wavelet at far offsets, sometimes giving rise to tuning effects. Most quantitative interpreters work with prestack migrated gathers rather than unmigrated NMO-corrected gathers. However, prestack migration of flat reflectors suffers from the same limitation called migration stretch. Migration stretch leads to lower S-impedance ([Formula: see text]) and density ([Formula: see text]) resolution estimated from inversion, misclassification of amplitude variation with offset (AVO) types, and infidelity in amplitude variation with azimuth (AVAZ) inversion results. We have developed a matching pursuit algorithm commonly used in spectral decomposition to correct the migration stretch by scaling the stretched wavelets using a wavelet compensation factor. The method is based on hyperbolic moveout approximation. The corrected gathers show increased resolution and higher fidelity amplitudes at the far offsets leading to improvement in AVO classification. Correction for migration stretch rather than conventional “stretch-mute” corrections provides three advantages: (1) preservation of far angles required for accurate [Formula: see text] inversion, (2) improvement in the vertical resolution of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] volumes, and (3) preservation of far angles that provide greater leverage against multiples. We apply our workflow to data acquired in the Fort Worth Basin and retain incident angles up to 42° at the Barnett Shale target. Comparing [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] of the original gather and migration stretch-compensated data, we find an insignificant improvement in [Formula: see text], but a moderate to significant improvement in resolution of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. The method is valid for reservoirs that exhibit a dip of no more than 2°. Consistent improvement is observed in resolving thick beds, but the method might introduce amplitude anomalies at far offsets for tuning beds.
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Yeh, Syh Shiuh, Wan Chu Chen, and Jin Tsu Sun. "Machining of NURBS Surfaces Using Three-Axis NC Milling Machine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 376 (August 2013): 417–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.376.417.
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Three-axis NC milling machines must carefully consider the surface interpolation algorithm and the cutting tool compensation method to achieve precise NURBS surface machining results. This study thus analyzed NURBS surface functions and developed a tool compensation method to efficiently compensate for the radius and length offsets of the cutting tool used for NURBS surface machining. A NURBS surface machining test performed on a vertical machining center further validates the proposed approaches.
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Shen, Jie, Hanming Liu, Jing Wang, and Xia Jia. "Algorithm for frequency capture and rectification in a low-orbit satellite IoT communication network." Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering 18, no. 6 (2021): 7999–8023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/mbe.2021397.
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<abstract> <p>In satellite communication systems, due to relative motion between satellites and that between satellites and the ground, the resulting Doppler frequency offset adversely affects communication synchronization. In this research, Doppler frequency offset compensation and phase offset compensation method eliminate the influence of the Doppler effect on synchronization. The proposed algorithm divides frequency estimate into two steps, coarse and precision. Finally, the corresponding frequency offset and phase offset compensation are performed. The simulation results show that the demodulated output results after frequency offset and phase offset compensation agree well with the original modulation data, indicating that the algorithm is valid and accurate.</p> </abstract>
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Wang, Xiao Jun, Yong Jie Zhao, and Jian Xue. "Ultra-High Resistance Measurement Based on Offset Current Compensation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 373-375 (August 2013): 856–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.373-375.856.
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An on-line offset current compensation method is proposed to improve ultra-high resistance (UHR) measurement more accurately and reliably. Iterative compensation algorithm is firstly adopted to generate compensation current by adjusting the compensation DAC to decrease the offset current to approximate zero, and then on-line offset current measurement algorithm is employed to ensure the time-varying offset current is always in an appropriate range. This algorithm can maintain a continuous unsaturated measurement process. Experiment results show that the uncertainty (k=2) is 1.4% for 1014Ω and 5.5% for 1015Ω under ±1000V based on the offset current compensation method proposed, which has been successfully implemented in a commercial UHR meter.
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Li, Hu, Tianyang Chen, Zhijie Wang, Bingyao Cao, Yingchun Li, and Junjie Zhang. "Low-Complexity Sampling Frequency Offset Estimation and Compensation Scheme for OFDM-Based UWOC System." Photonics 9, no. 4 (March 25, 2022): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics9040216.
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In this paper, a simple sampling frequency offset (SFO) estimation and compensation scheme based on two phase-conjugated pilots is proposed and experimentally demonstrated in an OFDM-based underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) system. The phase shift is obtained by simple multiplication for phase-conjugated pilots, and the results are averaged to perform more accurate phase estimation. The experimental results show that the estimation offset is limited within ±3 ppm when the SFO ranges from −1000 ppm to +1000 ppm over a 1 m tap water channel. Moreover, with the help of the proposed scheme, up to ±300 ppm SFO can be well-compensated with error vector magnitude (EVM) penalties below 1 dB after 1 m underwater transmission. In addition, the results demonstrate that, compared with the ideal case without SFO, our proposed SFO compensation scheme can provide nearly negligible bit error rate (BER) penalties in saltwater with the highly scattering property.
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Lee, Jae, and Seon-Hwan Hwang. "DC Offset Error Compensation Algorithm for PR Current Control of a Single-Phase Grid-Tied Inverter." Energies 11, no. 9 (September 2, 2018): 2308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11092308.
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In a single-phase grid-tied inverter, the direct current (DC) offset error included in the measured grid side phase current has various causes, such as a non-ideal current sensor, unbalanced power supply of an operational amplifier, and nonlinear features of analog components in interface circuits, etc. If the DC offset error is included in the measured current, it causes the secondary harmonic of fundamental frequency and the DC component in grid phase current which result in degradation of inverter performance. In this paper, a theoretical detection method of the secondary harmonic of the fundamental frequency and a DC component in grid phase current for a proportional-resonant (PR) current control system is introduced. Based on the detection method, an algorithm for compensating DC offset error is also presented for single-phase grid-tied inverters. Simulation results and experimental verification of the DC offset error compensation algorithm are shown in this paper.
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Liu, Ying-Chi, and Yukio Takeda. "Kineto-Static Analysis of a Wrist Rehabilitation Robot with Compliance and Passive Joints for Joint Misalignment Compensation." Machines 8, no. 2 (May 2, 2020): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines8020023.
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In this paper, we present a kineto-static analysis on a wrist rehabilitation robot to compensate for joint misalignment between human and robot joints. Since joint misalignment has proved to generate user–device interaction forces, which reduce the comfort and safety of the wearable devices and limit the user’s willingness to use it. The use of compliance and the addition of passive joints for joint misalignment compensation are discussed. In order to study the effect of the initial offset, we find that the initial offset in the direction perpendicular to the forearm causes a larger unwanted force. In addition, the use of the softest compliance can minimize unwanted force by 38% compared to the case without compliance. Furthermore, the effect of the addition of passive joints to the exoskeleton is investigated. From the analysis results, the soft part of the human being is regarded as a passive joint with the ability to compensate for joint misalignment. Moreover, the influence of the soft characteristics of human limbs should be considered when designing a wearable robot. This soft property, causing the movement of the braces, results in reducing the angular range of the wrist. Through the analysis results, we provide effective ideas for joint misalignment compensation to fulfill a comfortable and safer robot design.
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Tung, Chieh, and Pei Lum Tso. "Inverse Kinematics with 3-Dimensational Tool Compensation for 5-Axis Machine Center of Tilting Rotary Table." Applied Mechanics and Materials 110-116 (October 2011): 3525–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.110-116.3525.
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The purpose of this paper is to develop a tool radius compensation method for a 5-axis horizontal machine center with a tilting rotary table. The generalized expression is presented first to determine the cutting contact location for any type of milling tools. The spindle orientation solved from a closed form of the inverse kinematics is applied for generating the postprocessor, and a compensating procedure is implemented to verify the offset path.
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Carcione, José M., Hans B. Helle, and Tong Zhao. "Effects of attenuation and anisotropy on reflection amplitude versus offset." GEOPHYSICS 63, no. 5 (September 1998): 1652–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1444461.
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To investigate the effects that attenuation and anisotropy have on reflection coefficients, we consider a homogeneous and viscoelastic wave incident on an interface between two transversely isotropic and lossy media with the symmetry axis perpendicular to the interface. Analysis of P P and P S reflection coefficients shows that anisotropy should be taken into account in amplitude variation with offset (AVO) studies involving shales. Different anisotropic characteristics may reverse the reflection trend and substantially influence the position of the critical angle versus offset. The analysis of a shale‐chalk interface indicates that when the critical distance is close to the near offsets, the AVO response is substantially affected by the presence of dissipation. In a second example, we compute reflection coefficients and synthetic seismograms for a limestone/black shale interface with different rheological properties of the underlying shale. This case shows reversal of the reflection trend with increasing offset and compensation between the anisotropic and anelastic effects.
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Gevorgyan, Vazgen S. "DRIVER OUTPUT IMPEDANCE CALIBRATION SYSTEM WITH COMPARATOR UNIT OFFSET CANCELLATION." Proceedings of the YSU A: Physical and Mathematical Sciences 55, no. 1 (254) (May 21, 2021): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.46991/pysu:a/2021.55.1.81.
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In modern integrated circuits, the channel length of the transistors is reduced, and the supply voltages are also reduced. But the threshold voltages of the transistors cannot be reduced so quickly due to the physical properties of the materials used, which decreases the operating range of the transistors and makes noises comparable to them. Therefore, it is necessary to eliminate the influence of noise sources in the circuits, in particular, reflections between the transmission line and the output of the transmitter. A system is proposed for calibrating the output impedance of the transmitter based on an accurate external resistor with comparator unit offset voltage compensation. Existing analog and reference frequency based solutions have key disadvantages such as the inability to compensate the offset voltage after the integrated circuit is fabricated, and the distribution of the calibration voltage across the Input/Output device and constant power consumption during the operation. The proposed circuit includes a high-precision digital-to-analog converter to compensate the comparator offset voltage. It generates calibration codes for the pull-up and pull-down parts of the transmitter output buffer, and provides fine tuning of the output impedance. The circuit was modeled using 16 nm FinFET process elements and simulated with HSPICE simulator.
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Ye, Yuan, Ling Fu, Zhang Junhua, Wei Wang, Liu Yanbin, and Bin Wu. "Research on Precise Flow Control and Anti-interference Performance of Load Sensitive Multi-way Valve with After-valve Compensation." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2419, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 012065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2419/1/012065.
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Abstract Regarding a load-sensitive system with after-valve compensation, in the case of a single action or composite action, theoretically, the flow of each channel neither varies with the load pressure of this channel, nor is it affected by the flow of other channels, and the anti-interference performance is good. In fact, due to the influence of factors such as the flow passage of the valve body, the matching between the pressure compensation valve and the main spool, its flow control and anti-interference performance are difficult to achieve good results, which has a great impact on the synchronization, rapid action impact and micro motion characteristics of the main engine of construction machinery. This paper studies the simplification and analysis of the system pressure drop diagram, the matching characteristics between the pressure compensation valve and the main valve, accurate modeling and simulation technology, solves the problems of flow fine control and anti-interference performance, improves the flow control accuracy of a single action and compound action, and enhances the anti-interference performance. The real vehicle test shows that the self-developed multi-way valve for compensating for load sensitivity behind the valve is installed on the 6T small excavation. The initial position of the excavator’s track is aligned along a straight line. After the test runs for 20 meters, the track offset is measured. The fast forward offset is only 20mm, and the slow forward offset is only 7mm.
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Nieh, Jo-Yen, and Yuan-Pin Cheng. "Innovative Multi-Target Estimating with Clutter-Suppression Technique for Pulsed Radar Systems." Sensors 20, no. 9 (April 25, 2020): 2446. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20092446.
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Linear frequency modulation (LFM) waveforms have high Doppler-shift endurance because of the relative wide modulation bandwidth to the Doppler variation. The Doppler shift of the moving objects, nevertheless, constantly introduces obscure detection range offsets despite the exceptional Doppler tolerance in detection energy loss from LFM. An up-down-chirped LFM waveform is an efficient scheme to resolve the true target location and velocity by averaging the detection offset of two detection pairs from each single chirp LFM in opposite slopes. However, in multiple velocity-vary-target scenarios, without an efficient grouping scheme to find the detection pair of each moving target, the ambiguous detection results confine the applicability of precise target estimation by using these Doppler-tolerated waveforms. A succinct, three-multi-Doppler-shift-compensation (MDSC) scheme is applied to resolve the range and velocity of two moving objects by sorting the correct LFM detection pair of each target, even though the unresolvable scenarios of two close-by targets imply a fatal disability of detecting objects under a cluttered background. An innovative clutter-suppressed multi-Doppler-shift compensation (CS-MDSC) scheme is introduced in this research to compensate for the critical insufficient of resolving two overlapping objects with different velocities by solely MDSC. The CS-MDSC has been shown to successfully overcome this ambiguous scenario by integrating Doppler-selective moving target indication (MTI) filters to mitigate the distorting of near-zero-Doppler objects.
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Zhang, Fan, Guangfeng Jin, Junchao Geng, Tianzhen Wang, Jingang Han, Hubert Razik, and Yide Wang. "A Fault Tolerance Method for Multiple Current Sensor Offset Faults in Grid-Connected Inverters." Machines 11, no. 1 (January 4, 2023): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines11010061.
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Three-phase grid-connected inverters have been widely used in the distributed generation system, and the current sensor has been applied in closed-loop control in inverters. When the current sensor offset faults occurs, partial fault features of multiple current sensors disappear from the closed-loop control grid-connected system, which leads to difficulties for fault diagnostics and fault-tolerant control. This paper proposes a fault tolerance method based on average current compensation mode to eliminate these adverse effects of fault features. The average current compensation mode compensates the average of the three-phase current to the αβ axis current to realize the fault feature reconstruction of the current sensor. The mode does not affect the normal condition of the system. Then, the data-driven method is used for fault diagnosis, and the corresponding fault tolerant control model is selected according to the diagnosis results. Finally, the experimental results show that the proposed strategy has a good fault tolerance control performance and can improve the fault feature discrimination and diagnostic accuracy.
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Lee, Kyuman, and Eric N. Johnson. "Latency Compensated Visual-Inertial Odometry for Agile Autonomous Flight." Sensors 20, no. 8 (April 14, 2020): 2209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20082209.
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In visual-inertial odometry (VIO), inertial measurement unit (IMU) dead reckoning acts as the dynamic model for flight vehicles while camera vision extracts information about the surrounding environment and determines features or points of interest. With these sensors, the most widely used algorithm for estimating vehicle and feature states for VIO is an extended Kalman filter (EKF). The design of the standard EKF does not inherently allow for time offsets between the timestamps of the IMU and vision data. In fact, sensor-related delays that arise in various realistic conditions are at least partially unknown parameters. A lack of compensation for unknown parameters often leads to a serious impact on the accuracy of VIO systems and systems like them. To compensate for the uncertainties of the unknown time delays, this study incorporates parameter estimation into feature initialization and state estimation. Moreover, computing cross-covariance and estimating delays in online temporal calibration correct residual, Jacobian, and covariance. Results from flight dataset testing validate the improved accuracy of VIO employing latency compensated filtering frameworks. The insights and methods proposed here are ultimately useful in any estimation problem (e.g., multi-sensor fusion scenarios) where compensation for partially unknown time delays can enhance performance.
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Grigorov, Grigor Nikolov. "Blanking system with beam offset compensation." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 298, no. 1-3 (December 1990): 289–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(90)90630-o.
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Sponagel, Christian, Hans Back, Elisabeth Angenendt, and Enno Bahrs. "Development of Supply Curves for Biodiversity Offsets on Agricultural Land – a Case Study from the Stuttgart Region." German Journal of Agricultural Economics 70, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 70–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.30430/70.2021.2.70-83.
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Impacts on nature and landscape are to be offset in accordance with different nature conservation acts in various European countries. In Germany in particular, biodiversity offsets can also be made in advance, for instance, by booking them into eco-accounts, and then allocating them to an intervention. In Baden-Württemberg, these offset measures are assessed in eco credits in accordance with the Eco Account Regulation (ÖKVO). As a means of income diversification, farmers can voluntarily implement offset measures on their land, and then generate and sell corresponding eco credits. Using a geodata-based model, the potential for implementing biodiversity offsets on arable land – areas with major eco credit potential – is analysed from an economic perspective. The Stuttgart Region is a steadily growing conurbation in south-west Germany. It serves as a study region since the loss of farmland due to large-scale construction measures and the related offsetting are a major issue here. In the analysis, the gross margins of the crops grown, their yield capacity, the associated standard land values and the costs of possible offset measures are used to determine the net present value of the arable land at parcel level. From a theoretical point of view and depending on the market price for eco credits, there is a significant potential for offset measures on arable land. Production-integrated compensation (PIC) – an extensification of arable land use – is less economically viable than the conversion of arable land into grassland or its utilisation for nature conservation. There are major spatial disparities between the city of Stuttgart and the surrounding districts. The implementation of biodiversity offsets is not economically viable at a price of less than € 1.00 per eco credit in the city of Stuttgart. By contrast, in surrounding districts, offset measures may be economically viable and implemented on a large scale for less than € 0.30. This is particularly relevant as the districts concerned are located in the same natural area as the city of Stuttgart and the eco credits can, therefore, be attributed in the event of interventions. Based on derived supply curves, decision-makers can see the scale of additional costs of biodiversity offset measures if they are implemented in a spatially restricted region. The analyses presented here can help decision-makers to more easily weigh up the desired natural characteristics and economic effects in the context of agricultural land.
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Kerner, Christoph, and Thomas Brudermann. "I Believe I Can Fly—Conceptual Foundations for Behavioral Rebound Effects Related to Voluntary Carbon Offsetting of Air Travel." Sustainability 13, no. 9 (April 24, 2021): 4774. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13094774.
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Voluntary carbon offsets (VCO) have been introduced as a means of compensating personal carbon emissions related to travelling. Purchases of VCO have remained low in the past, but might increase in the future due to rising awareness about climate change. VCO have been assumed to increase the acceptability of flying among eco-minded people. Therefore, VCO might not only be a tool to offset emissions but also to compensate for “flight shame”. Much research has been carried out to detect VCO purchasers’ motives, but none has explored the potential behavioral rebound effects of VCO with regard to flying. This article contributes to the debate by presenting a conceptual framework that was developed to investigate these rebound effects. First, we present the motives that travelers have for offsetting their flight emissions. These motives already indicate the possibility of a rebound effect. Second, we discuss several conceptual ideas which should be considered for the design of empirical studies. Overall, we argue that the use of VCO might lead to unintended carbon emissions; however, isolating the specific role of VCO remains a difficult task. Nevertheless, research on behavioral rebound effects is needed to clarify whether VCO counteract sustainability in the transport sector.
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Chen, C.-K., and C.-Y. Wang. "Compensating analysis of a double circular-arc helical gear by computerized simulation of meshing." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 215, no. 7 (July 1, 2001): 759–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954406011524126.
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A mathematical model of a stepped double circular-arc helical tooth profile with two centre offsets is developed. The conditions of gear meshing that reflect manufacturing and assembly errors are simulated. The locations of bearing contact and the contact path pattern of mating tooth surfaces are determined by tooth contact analysis (TCA). By applying the proposed mathematical model and TCA, single error impact can be determined. To compensate for offset and angular misalignment, the authors propose an adjustable bearing whereby transmission errors can be minimized. The investigation is illustrated with several numerical examples.
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Collura, Thomas F., Christopher R. Edwards, and Richard C. Burgess. "Automated offset compensation for DC biopotential measurements." Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers 22, no. 1 (January 1990): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03203117.
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Gerosa, A., A. Xotta, A. Neviani, and G. A. Mian. "Frequency offset compensation in fractionally spaced equalisation." IEE Proceedings - Circuits, Devices and Systems 150, no. 2 (2003): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-cds:20030338.
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Wu, Xiaofu, Yue Song, Chunming Zhao, and Xiaohu You. "Progressive Frequency Offset Compensation in Turbo Receivers." IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 10, no. 2 (February 2011): 702–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/twc.2010.120610.101513.
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Palmisano, G., and G. Palumbo. "Offset compensation technique for CMOS current comparators." Electronics Letters 30, no. 11 (1994): 852. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19940523.
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Kwonhue Choi. "Residual Frequency Offset Compensation-Embedded Turbo Decoder." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 57, no. 5 (September 2008): 3211–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2007.914482.
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ZHEN, B., H. B. LI, and R. KOHNO. "Clock Offset Compensation in Ultra-Wideband Ranging." IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences E89-A, no. 11 (November 1, 2006): 3082–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ietfec/e89-a.11.3082.
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Mohanraj, M. R., and R. Prakash. "A unified power quality conditioner for power quality improvement in distributed generation network using adaptive distributed power balanced control (ADPBC)." International Journal of Wavelets, Multiresolution and Information Processing 18, no. 01 (August 2, 2019): 1941021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219691319410212.
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Power quality improvement is one of the central and critical needs in all types of power-driven industries for perfect utilization of sources. However, fundamental inconveniences in power quality have been recognized, for instance, sags, swells, harmonic distortions and different blocks. Among those, sags and swells are overwhelmingly uncovered, and each influences the electrical gadgets or electrical machines and this requires to be compensated with an advancement to ensure any mal-operation or disappointment. To settle these troubles, custom power gadgets are used like unified power quality conditioner (UPQC), dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) and Distributed Static Compensator (DSTATCOM). This work aims to update the power quality in both single-phase and three-phase system using UPQC. The capacity of UPQC to mitigate voltage sag, voltage swell, responsive power remuneration, load balancing, zero voltage direction, and power factor redress and Total Harmonics Distortion (THD) in the appropriation framework is done by utilizing adaptive distributed power balanced control (ADPBC) method. This investigation works on the single-phase UPQC design to utilize two H-connect setups with eight switches and the three-phase UPQC arrangement to use four legs and three-phase four wire course of action. The overall function of the UPQC with distributed generation (DG) system will be able to compensate for the offset voltage and current disturbances with all the compensated data being collected and verified in Internet of Things (IoT) based on conditional Random Fields (CRFs).
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Palmisano, G., and G. Palumbo. "Offset-compensated low power current comparator." Electronics Letters 30, no. 20 (September 29, 1994): 1637–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19941119.
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Barnes, Annaêl, Alexandre Ickowicz, Jean-Daniel Cesaro, Paulo Salgado, Véronique Rayot, Sholpan Koldasbekova, and Simon Taugourdeau. "Improving Biodiversity Offset Schemes through the Identification of Ecosystem Services at a Landscape Level." Land 12, no. 1 (January 8, 2023): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12010202.
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Biodiversity offsets aim to compensate the negative residual impacts of development projects on biodiversity, including ecosystem functions, uses by people and cultural values. Conceptually, ecosystem services (ES) should be considered, but in practice this integration rarely occurs. Their consideration would improve the societal impact of biodiversity offsets. However, the prioritisation of ES in a given area is still limited. We developed a framework for this purpose, applied in rangelands landscapes in Kazakhstan, in the context of uranium mining. We assumed that different landscapes provide different ES, and that stakeholders perceive ES according to their category (e.g., elders and herders) and gender. We performed qualitative, semi-structured interviews with a range of stakeholders. Using the Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services, we identified 300 ES in 31 classes across 8 landscape units. We produced a systemic representation of the provision of ES across the landscapes. We showed a significant link between ES and landscape units, but not between ES and stakeholder categories or gender. Stakeholders mostly identified ES according to the location of their villages. Therefore, we suggest that the biodiversity offsets should target ES provided by the landscape unit where mining activities occur and would be most interesting in the landscapes common to all villages. By performing a systemic representation, potential impacts of some offset strategies can be predicted. The framework was therefore effective in determining a bundle of ES at a landscape scale, and in prioritising them for future biodiversity offset plans.
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Kiayani, Adnan, Lauri Anttila, Yaning Zou, and Mikko Valkama. "Advanced Receiver Design for Mitigating Multiple RF Impairments in OFDM Systems: Algorithms and RF Measurements." Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2012 (2012): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/730537.
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Direct-conversion architecture-based orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems are troubled by impairments such as in-phase and quadrature-phase (I/Q) imbalance and carrier frequency offset (CFO). These impairments are unavoidable in any practical implementation and severely degrade the obtainable link performance. In this contribution, we study the joint impact of frequency-selective I/Q imbalance at both transmitter and receiver together with channel distortions and CFO error. Two estimation and compensation structures based on different pilot patterns are proposed for coping with such impairments. The first structure is based on preamble pilot pattern while the second one assumes a sparse pilot pattern. The proposed estimation/compensation structures are able to separate the individual impairments, which are then compensated in the reverse order of their appearance at the receiver. We present time-domain estimation and compensation algorithms for receiver I/Q imbalance and CFO and propose low-complexity algorithms for the compensation of channel distortions and transmitter IQ imbalance. The performance of the compensation algorithms is investigated with computer simulations as well as with practical radio frequency (RF) measurements. The performance results indicate that the proposed techniques provide close to the ideal performance both in simulations and measurements.
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Ursin, Bjørn, and Ketil Hokstad. "Geometrical spreading in a layered transversely isotropic medium with vertical symmetry axis." GEOPHYSICS 68, no. 6 (November 2003): 2082–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1635062.
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Compensation for geometrical spreading is important in prestack Kirchhoff migration and in amplitude versus offset/amplitude versus angle (AVO/AVA) analysis of seismic data. We present equations for the relative geometrical spreading of reflected and transmitted P‐ and S‐wave in horizontally layered transversely isotropic media with vertical symmetry axis (VTI). We show that relatively simple expressions are obtained when the geometrical spreading is expressed in terms of group velocities. In weakly anisotropic media, we obtain simple expressions also in terms of phase velocities. Also, we derive analytical equations for geometrical spreading based on the nonhyperbolic traveltime formula of Tsvankin and Thomsen, such that the geometrical spreading can be expressed in terms of the parameters used in time processing of seismic data. Comparison with numerical ray tracing demonstrates that the weak anisotropy approximation to geometrical spreading is accurate for P‐waves. It is less accurate for SV‐waves, but has qualitatively the correct form. For P waves, the nonhyperbolic equation for geometrical spreading compares favorably with ray‐tracing results for offset‐depth ratios less than five. For SV‐waves, the analytical approximation is accurate only at small offsets, and breaks down at offset‐depth ratios less than unity. The numerical results are in agreement with the range of validity for the nonhyperbolic traveltime equations.