Relevant bibliographies by topics / Offset Compensatio

Academic literature on the topic 'Offset Compensatio'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Offset Compensatio"

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Rutherford, Steven R. "Noise‐discriminating, statistical‐amplitude compensation for AVO analysis." GEOPHYSICS 58, no. 12 (December 1993): 1831–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1443398.

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Statistical amplitude balancing/compensation techniques are widely used in the industry to prepare seismic data for amplitude variation with offset (AVO) processing and analysis. The intent of such statistical techniques is to compensate the data for the average signal decay with offset such that reflectors that are anomalous with respect to this average decay can be detected and analyzed. Statistical amplitude compensation techniques, however, suffer from a serious flaw when applied to data sets having low signal‐to‐noise ratios (S/N) that vary with offset. An artifact of this flaw is often a suppression of the AVO effects one is trying to detect. When S/N is low and decreases with offset, as is usually the case, the rms amplitude measurements that statistical techniques are based upon become increasingly dominated by noise as offset increases. This can lead to a suppression of the far offsets by the balancing scalars responding to a noise level that is increasing with offset. A noise‐discriminating, statistical‐amplitude compensation technique can be designed that counteracts the detrimental effects of noise. This technique is based on the premise that a common‐midpoint (CMP) ensemble average of crosscorrelations of like offset data is proportional to the average signal amplitude corresponding to that offset. The average signal decay with offset can be estimated with this technique and used to amplitude compensate a data set for AVO analysis. The noise‐discriminating statistical technique performs extremely well on synthetic data. When applied to a Gulf of Mexico data set having poor S/N characteristics, the technique also performs well and offers encouragement that it will be useful in actual practice.
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Druckenbrod, Catharina, and Volker Beckmann. "Production-Integrated Compensation in Environmental Offsets—A Review of a German Offset Practice." Sustainability 10, no. 11 (November 12, 2018): 4161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10114161.

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Environmental offset schemes designed to compensate for adverse development impacts are found in countries worldwide, pursuing no-net-loss policy. In Germany, a practice combining environmental improvements with farming evolved in the early 2000s, known as production-integrated compensation (PIC) (Produktionsintegrierte Kompensation). This paper provides a review of PIC, presenting origins, legal and cost aspects, as well as examples of PIC practice. PIC key challenges are the complexity of environmental improvements of agrarian habitats and the high efforts for communication among diverse actors and for designing and monitoring PIC. Benefits for nature conservation lie in the protection of strongly endangered species and an increase of acceptance of compensation measures. Positive effects for farmers are the sustaining of arable farmland and involvement in setting up land management terms. Investors profit from the increased availability of sites. However, a specific legal framework for PIC is still developing and representation of PIC in offset registries in the German States is only very small. In conclusion, targeted design, continuous monitoring, and long-term financing provided, PIC may (a) increase offset efficiency by focusing on implementation while avoiding land purchase and physical investments and (b) increase offset effectiveness by high conservation benefits and a collaborative approach towards farmers.
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Rahmdel, Mansour. "The Right of the Accused to Compensation in the Iranian Criminal Justice System." Economics, Law and Policy 1, no. 1 (April 24, 2018): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/elp.v1n1p76.

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<em>Normally, the right to compensation refers to the victim’s compensation. The legislator also typically refers to the right to it, as the Iranian Criminal Procedure Code has done so in articles 14 and 15. But the present paper, refers not to the victim’s, but the accused right. The Criminal Procedure Code of 1912 and 1999 referred to the possibility of compensating the accused by the iniquitous private complainant. However, none of them referred to the government’s obligation to compensate to the innocent accused. In contrast, the Penal Code of 2014 stipulates the government’s obligation to compensate the defendant for damages, but does not rule out the possibility of compensation by iniquitous complainant. Certainly, it does not exempt the complainant to compensation. Reaffirming the responsibility of the government to offset the losses of innocent accused, in line with international conventions, is one of the highlights of the new code. But the lack of compensation for unjustified detention is one of the gaps in the new code. This paper proposes that the Iranian new code of criminal procedure, serves as a development in respecting the accused right in creating comprehensive compensation schemes.</em>
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Et.al, Eui-Soo Lee. "Joint Timing and Frequency Synchronization Using Convolutional Neural Network in WLAN Systems." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 6 (April 10, 2021): 531–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i6.1969.

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In wireless communication systems, the performance of the receiver is very sensitive to time and frequency offsets. In particular, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems are highly vulnerable to those offsets due to inter-carrier interference (ICI) and inter-symbol interference (ISI). To solve this problem, wireless local area network (WLAN) systems transmit a preamble for synchronization. In this paper, we propose a joint time and frequency offsets estimation technique based on convolutional neural network (CNN) for WLAN systems. In the proposed technique, the correlation between the received signal and the transmitted preamble is performed first. Then the frequency offset is coarsely compensated by several hypothesized offsets. The compensated signals are inputted to the proposed CNN and the CNN predicts the time and frequency offsets. The estimation performance is examined through computer simulation. According to the results, the proposed time offset estimator shows 3 dB to 6 dB performance gain, and the frequency offset estimator shows much lower root mean square error (RMSE) performance than the conventional technique at low SNRs
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Zhang, Lingfei, Jun Ma, Rongxin Liu, Zhonglun You, and Tingting Xiang. "Low-complexity compensation of sampling offset with cross-correlation and early-late gate for OFDM receivers." Journal of Computational Methods in Sciences and Engineering 20, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 827–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jcm-194051.

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This paper proposes a method for compensation of sampling offset for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) used in wireless local area networks (WLAN). Sampling offset is a typical transmission interference used in OFDM systems that introduce large error when synchronized data is demodulated. In this regard, an appropriate offset compensation method with a simple structure can be adopted to mitigate the impacts of sampling offset by using cross-correlation and early-late gate compensation methods for OFDM receivers instead of conventional methods that use algorithms with analog and mixed mode loops implementations. When bit error rate (BER) is at 10-3, simulation with the method without sampling offset compensation showed a signal noise rate (SNR) curve of about 25 dB, while the SNR curve of the method with offset compensation as proposed in this paper is about 26 dB. The comparisons show that the proposed system sacrifices performance by 1 dB to realize the benefit of compensating sampling offset. This sacrifice of 1 dB in performance is within the system’s tolerance range. Furthermore, the method overcomes the impact of sampling offset without additional hardware resource in WLAN applications.
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Heidary Shalmany, Saleh, Matthias Merz, Ali Fekri, Zu-yao Chang, Romano J. O. M. Hoofman, and Michiel A. P. Pertijs. "A 7 μW Offset- and Temperature-Compensated pH-to-Digital Converter." Journal of Sensors 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6158689.

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This paper demonstrates a micropower offset- and temperature-compensated smart pH sensor, intended for use in battery-powered RFID systems that monitor the quality of perishable products. Low operation power is essential in such systems to enable autonomous logging of environmental parameters, such as the pH level, over extended periods of time using only a small, low-cost battery. The pH-sensing element in this work is an ion-sensitive extended-gate field-effect transistor (EGFET), which is incorporated in a low-power sensor front-end. The front-end outputs a pH-dependent voltage, which is then digitized by means of a co-integrated incremental delta-sigma ADC. To compensate for the offset and temperature cross-sensitivity of the EGFET, a compensation scheme using a calibration process and a temperature sensor has been devised. A prototype chip has been realized in a 0.16 μm CMOS process. It occupies 0.35 × 3.9 mm2 of die area and draws only 4 μA from a 1.8 V supply. Two different types of custom packaging have been used for measurement purposes. The pH sensor achieves a linearity of better than ±0.1 for pH values ranging from 4 to 10. The calibration and compensation scheme reduces errors due to temperature cross-sensitivity to less than ±0.1 in the temperature range of 6°C to 25°C.
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Wu, Binqi, Jin Lu, Mingyi Gao, Hongliang Ren, Zichun Le, Yali Qin, Shuqin Guo, and Weisheng Hu. "Time-Domain Blind ICI Compensation in Coherent Optical FBMC/OQAM System." Sensors 20, no. 21 (November 9, 2020): 6397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20216397.

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A blind discrete-cosine-transform-based phase noise compensation (BD-PNC) is proposed to compensate the inter-carrier-interference (ICI) in the coherent optical offset-quadrature amplitude modulation (OQAM)-based filter-bank multicarrier (CO-FBMC/OQAM) transmission system. Since the phase noise sample can be approximated by an expansion of the discrete cosine transform (DCT) in the time-domain, a time-domain compensation model is built for the transmission system. According to the model, phase noise compensation (PNC) depends only on its DCT coefficients. The common phase error (CPE) compensation is firstly performed for the received signal. After that, a pre-decision is made on a part of compensated signals with low decision error probability, and the pre-decision results are used as the estimated values of transmitted signals to calculate the DCT coefficients. Such a partial pre-decision process reduces not only decision error but also the complexity of the BD-PNC method while keeping almost the same performance as in the case of the pre-decision of all compensated signals. Numerical simulations are performed to evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme for a 30 GBaud CO-FBMC/OQAM system. The simulation results show that its bit error rate (BER) performance is improved by more than one order of magnitude through the mitigation of the ICI in comparison with the traditional blind PNC scheme only aiming for CPE compensation.
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Barnthouse, Lawrence W., Cherie-Lee Fietsch, and David Snider. "Quantifying Restoration Offsets at a Nuclear Power Plant in Canada." Environmental Management 64, no. 5 (October 19, 2019): 593–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-019-01214-2.

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Abstract In Canada, the Fisheries Act requires all water takers to avoid, mitigate and offset fish losses. To satisfy the act’s requirements, operators of power plants are required to undertake habitat restoration projects to compensate for fish impinged and entrained at cooling water intake structures. Scaling the quantity of restoration needed, and measuring whether adequate compensation has been achieved, requires a metric that expresses the losses and gains in comparable units. Development of such a metric is especially difficult in the case of power plants, because the losses often consist of a mix of species and life stages that are very different from those produced by technically feasible restoration projects. This paper documents the method that has been developed for quantifying offsets for impingement and entrainment at the Bruce Generating Stations on the eastern shore of Lake Huron, and demonstrates how the method is being used to estimate the offset to be provided by removal of a dam on the nearby Saugeen River.
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MILLER, KATHERINE L., JAMES A. TREZISE, STEFAN KRAUS, KIMBERLEY DRIPPS, MEGAN C. EVANS, PHILIP GIBBONS, HUGH P. POSSINGHAM, and MARTINE MARON. "The development of the Australian environmental offsets policy: from theory to practice." Environmental Conservation 42, no. 4 (January 14, 2015): 306–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s037689291400040x.

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SUMMARYEnvironmental offsetting involves compensating for the residual adverse impacts of an action on the environment by generating an equivalent benefit elsewhere. As the prevalence of environmental offsetting grows, so does the challenge of translating no-net-loss goals to workable policy. From 2011–2012, the Australian Government developed an Environmental Offsets Policy and an accompanying metric (the Offsets Assessment Guide) to support decision making about offset requirements under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. Through extensive stakeholder consultation and in collaboration with academic researchers, the Guide was developed with the aim of accounting appropriately for ecological equivalence in a transparent and flexible manner. This paper outlines the Australian Government's environmental offset policy development process, and describes the approach adopted for evaluating the suitability of proposed offsets in meeting the policy goals. The Guide explicitly estimates the extent to which an offset will improve the target biota and/or avert future losses, the degree of confidence that the offset will be implemented successfully, and the time it will take to deliver a conservation benefit. Since implementation of the Environmental Offsets Policy and the Guide, there has been a shift in focus from estimating offset requirements based on simplistic area ratios, toward directly evaluating the components of an offset action that determine its environmental performance. Achieving a balance between scientific robustness and policy workability is an ongoing challenge. The Environmental Offsets Policy and Guide represent an important step towards consistency and transparency in environmental offset decision-making.
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Yang, Li Po, and Bing Qiang Yu. "Effect of Cold Rolling Strip Edge Offset on Original Shape Signal." Advanced Materials Research 753-755 (August 2013): 2794–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.753-755.2794.

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To solve the problem that two sides of strip usually cannot cover the shape measurement channel completely, an online compensatory model of error signal used for strip edge is established. Based on this model, the channel coverage of edge is able to be automatically calculated by the horizontal offset. Then, by combining proportion compensation with slope compensation, the signal error of edge shape should be compensated reasonably. This method is proved to be effective and reliable after the physical and industrial tests.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Offset Compensatio"

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Ravert, Jeffrey. "ON FREQUENCY OFFSET COMPENSATION FOR EQUALIZED SOQPSK." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624246.

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This paper describes the use of a phase lock loop (PLL) to compensate for and remove a residual frequency offset when using data-aided estimators to equalize SOQPSK-TG. The problems of multipath and residual frequency offset will be shown my example. An equalizer followed by a PLL will be shown to be a viable option to mitigate multipath and residual frequency offset by example.
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Crain, Ethan A. (Ethan Alan) 1972. "Fast offset compensation for a 10Gbps limit amplifier." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/28380.

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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2004.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 117-118).
A novel offset voltage compensation method is presented that significantly modifies the existing tradeoff between control loop bandwidth, and therefore total compensation time, and total output jitter. The proposed system achieves comparable output jitter performance to traditional approaches while significantly reducing the total compensation time by nearly three orders of magnitude. Traditional offset compensation methods are based on simple offset measurement techniques that generally rely on passive compensation blocks and exhibit a direct inverse relationship between total compensation time and resulting output jitter. Therefore, current high-speed data-link systems suffer from extremely long offset compensation loop settling times in order to satisfy the strict protocol jitter specifications. In the proposed system, the new CMOS peak detector design is the enabling component that allows us break this relationship and achieve extremely fast settling behavior while preventing data dependence of the control signal. Simulated results show that the implemented system can achieve output jitter performance similar to existing methods while dramatically improving the compensation time. Specifically, the proposed system can achieve less than 2pS of peak-to-peak jitter, or less than 700fS of RMS jitter, while reducing the total compensation time from roughly 500[mu]S to less than 1[mu]S. The system was implemented in National Semiconductor's CMOS9 0.18[mu]m CMOS process. Packaged parts will be tested to verify agreement with simulated performance.
by Ethan A. Crain.
M.Eng.
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Hauck, Shahram. "Automated CtP Calibration for Offset Printing : Dot gain compensation, register variation and trapping evaluation." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för teknik och naturvetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-119366.

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Although offset printing has been and still is the most common printing technology for color print productions, its print productions are subject to variations due to environmental and process parameters. Therefore, it is very important to frequently control the print production quality criteria in order to make the process predictable, reproducible and stable. One of the most important parts in a modern industrial offset printing is Computer to Plate (CtP), which exposes the printing plate. One of the most important quality criteria for printing is to control the dot gain level. Dot gain refers to an important phenomenon that causes the printed elements to appear larger than their reference size sent to the CtP. It is crucial to have the dot gain level within an acceptable range, defined by ISO 12647-2 for offset printing. This is done by dot gain compensation methods in the Raster Image Processor (RIP). Dot gain compensation is however a complicated task in offset printing because of the huge number of parameters affecting dot gain. Another important quality criterion affecting the print quality in offset is the register variation caused by the misplacement of printing sheet in the printing unit. Register variation causes tone value variations, gray balance variation and blurred image details. Trapping is another important print quality criterion that should be measured in an offset printing process. Trapping occurs when the inks in different printing units are printed wet-on-wet in a multi-color offset printing machine. Trapping affects the gray balance and makes the resulting colors of overlapped inks pale. In this dissertation three different dot gain compensation methods are discussed. The most accurate and efficient dot gain compensation method, which is noniterative, has been tested, evaluated and applied using many offset printing workflows. To further increase the accuracy of this method, an approach to effectively select the correction points of a RIP with limited number of correction points, has also been proposed. Correction points are the tone values needed to be set in the RIP to define a dot gain compensation curve. To fulfill the requirement of having the register variation within the allowed range, it has to be measured and quantified. There have been two novel models proposed in this dissertation that determine the register variation value. One of the models is based on spectrophotometry and the other one on densitometry. The proposed methods have been evaluated by comparison to the industrial image processing based register variation model, which is expensive and not available in most printing companies. The results of all models were comparable, verifying that the proposed models are good  alternatives to the image processing based model. The existing models determining the trapping values are based on densitometric measurements and quantify the trapping effect by a percentage value. In this dissertation, a novel trapping model is proposed that quantifies the trapping effect by a color difference metric, i.e. , which is more useful and understandable for print machine operators. The comparison between the proposed trapping model and the existing models has shown very good correlations and verified that the proposed model has a bigger dynamic range. The proposed trapping model has also been extended to take into account the effect of ink penetration and gloss. The extended model has been tested using a  high glossy coated paper and the results have shown that the gloss and ink penetration can be neglected for this type of paper. An automated CtP calibration system for offset printing workflow has been introduced and described in this dissertation. This method is a good solution to generate the needed huge numbers of dot gain compensation curves to have an accurate CtP calibration.
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Souza, Barbara Almeida. "Análise da compensação por perda de biodiversidade no setor de mineração de calcário." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3134/tde-28112017-080639/.

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Em resposta à crescente perda de biodiversidade, diversos países adotam políticas de compensação que buscam equilibrar a destruição do habitat local restaurando, aprimorando e / ou protegendo áreas. Tais mecanismos são cada vez mais importantes no setor de mineração, onde a perda de habitat pode ser inevitável devido à rigidez locacional dos recursos minerais e com a coincidência com as áreas de importância da biodiversidade. Buscando contribuir para o avanço da compreensão da prática atual de compensação por perda de biodiversidade, investigamos as práticas adotadas em três minerações de calcário, em conformidade com a Lei da Mata Atlântica, lei federal que visa proteger este hotspot. Foram adotados os mecanismos de proteção e restauração em razões de área de 1: 1 a 1: 5. As principais dificuldades relatadas pelos atores chave foi encontrar áreas adequadas, métodos para calcular perdas residuais e incertezas sobre o sucesso da restauração. As melhores práticas recomendadas internacionalmente são parcialmente seguidas, com maior aderência observada para o caso cuja avaliação de impacto ambiental foi mais detalhada e forneceu uma base mais forte para planejar a compensação. Os resultados sugerem que a qualidade do planejamento e implementação de compensações está diretamente relacionada à qualidade da avaliação de impacto ambiental e, portanto, do licenciamento ambiental.
In response to the increasing loss of biodiversity, several countries have adopted offsetting policies that seek to balance local habitat destruction by restoring, enhancing and/or protecting equivalent values offsite. Such mechanisms are increasingly important in quarrying, where habitat loss may be unavoidable due to colocation of mineral resources and areas of biodiversity importance. Seeking to contribute to advance understanding of the current practice of biodiversity offsetting, we investigated actions required for environmental approval of three limestone quarries in compliance with Brazil\'s Atlantic Forest Act, a federal law that aims at protecting this biodiversity hotspot. Both protection and restoration offsets were applied at area ratios from 1:1.1 to 1:5. The main difficulties reported by practitioners are to find suitable areas, methods to calculate residual losses and uncertainties about the success of restoration. Internationally recommended best practices are partially followed with the highest adherence observed for the case whose environmental impact statement was more detailed and provided a stronger basis for designing the offset. Results suggest that the quality of offset planning and implementation is directly related to the quality of the environmental impact assessment.
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Paredes, Samantha Jane. "The role of offsets in compensating for damage in the coastal and marine environments." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2015. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/86512/3/Samantha_Paredes_Thesis.pdf.

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This thesis examines the extent of which economic instruments can be used to minimise environmental damage in the coastal and marine environments, and the role of offsets to compensate for residual damage. Economic principles are used to review current command and control systems, potential incentive based mechanisms, and the development of appropriate offsets. Implementing offsets in the marine environment has a number of challenges, so alternative approaches may be necessary. The study finds that offsets in areas remote from the initial impact, or even to protect different species, may be acceptable provided they result in greater conservation benefits than the standard like-for-like offset. This study is particularly relevant for the design of offsets in the coastal and marine environments where there is limited scope for like-for-like offsets.
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Buga, Cristina. "Les politiques d'offset (compensation) : enjeux généraux et étude du cas de l'Afrique du Sud." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAE003/document.

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L’offset, appelé également opération de compensation, est un outil de politique discriminatoire destiné à favoriser la production locale. Il désigne un transfert ou une création d’activités en échange de l’octroi d’un contrat commercial d’achat-vente dans le cadre d’un marché public international. Les gouvernements utilisent ces mécanismes comme un levier stratégique de développement et d’amélioration de la balance des paiements. Malgré la portée de ces pratiques, elles restent un mécanisme d’échange relativement méconnu et peu décrit dans la littérature académique. L’objet de cette thèse est de définir, expliciter et évaluer l’importance de ces pratiques dans le commerce international et de proposer des pistes de réflexion pour le succès (l’efficience et l’efficacité) d’une politique de ce type imposée par le gouvernement hôte aux firmes internationales. Afin de prendre en compte les variables critiques du succès d’une politique d’offset, la relation entre l’État hôte et l’entreprise obligataire et le résultat de cette interaction sont examinés par l’intermédiaire de la théorie des jeux. L’application de ce cadre d’analyse à l’étude de la politique d’offset de l’Afrique du Sud et plus particulièrement à l’analyse des 121 projets d’offset civils fournis entre 1996 et 2012, dans le cadre du programme d’achats stratégiques de Défense met en évidence les résultats suivants : lors de la signature des contrats, les projets d’offset laissent espérer d’importantes retombées économiques et sociales pour le pays. Toutefois, au cours du processus de mise en œuvre, les nombreuses dérogations aux règles et aux procédures réglementaires fixées réduisent largement les effets positifs des projets et nuisent à leur efficacité. L’opacité des modalités de négociation, de sélection et d’exécution des projets d’offset permettent d’affirmer que ces pratiques n’ont pas toujours garanti la meilleure valeur possible des achats publics. Pour des problèmes d’information et d’analyse, il est difficile de statuer sur l’efficience globale de la politique d’offset sud-africaine mais le bilan estimatif reste positif
Offsets arrangements in government procurement are discriminatory policy tools aimed at increasing local production. They reflect a transfer or a creation of new activities as a pre-condition to the validity of the purchasing contract. The governments use these mechanisms to encourage local development or to improve the balance-of-payments. In spite of the broad utilization of offset practices, they are relatively unknown and little described in academic literature. The goal of this thesis is to define, to explain and to assess the importance of these practices in the international trade and to provide a theoretical framework within which it will be possible to critically appraise the success of an offset policy (its effectiveness and efficiency) for host countries. In order to take into account the success factors for an offset policy, the relationship between the host country and the obligor as well as the result of this relationship is examined through the game theory approach. By applying this general framework to the study of South African Offset policy and more particularly to the evaluation of 121 civil offset projects provided between 1996 and 2012, under the Strategic Defense Package purchase we find the following results: at the conclusion of public procurement contracts, South-African offset projects hold out promises of important economic benefits for the country. Nevertheless, during the implementation process, many violations of rules and procedures decrease the positive impact of these projects and hinder their effectiveness. The lack of transparency in the negotiation process, the selection and the execution phase of offset projects show that South Africa did not obtain best value for public money. It is difficult to appraise global program efficiency because of lack of data and analysis problems. However the estimated impact remains positive
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Huang, Defeng. "Low complexity diversity combining and carrier frequency offset compensation for ubiquitous OFDM based broadband wireless communications /." View abstract or full-text, 2004. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?ELEC%202004%20HUANG.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2004.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 163-171). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.
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Mustefa, Dinsefa, and Ermias Mebreku. "OFDM Systems Offset Estimation and Cancellation Using UKF and EKF." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, fysik och matematik, DFM, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-15524.

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Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is an efficient multi- carrier modulation scheme, which has been adopted for several wireless stan- dards. Systems employing this scheme at the physical layer are sensitive to frequency offsets and that causes Inter Carrier Interference (ICI) and degra- dation in overall system performance of OFDM systems. In this thesis work, an investigation on impairments of OFDM systems will be carried out. Anal- ysis of previous schemes for cancellation of the ICI will be done and a scheme for estimating and compensating the frequency offset based on Unscented Ka- man Filter (UKF) and Extended Kaman Filter (EKF) will be implemented. Analysis on how the UKF improves the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR); and how well it tracks the frequency offset estimation under Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel and flat fading Rayleigh channel will be carried on.
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Sit, Ji-Jon 1975. "A low-power analog logarithmic map circuit with offset and temperature compensation for use in bionic ears." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/16893.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2002.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 74-75).
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Logarithmic map circuits are useful in many applications that require non-linear signal compression, such as in speech recognition and cochlear implants. A logarithmic current-mode A/D converter with temperature compensation and automatic offset calibration is presented in this paper. It employs a dual-slope, auto-zeroing topology with a 60 dB dynamic range and 300 Hz sampling rate, for capturing the envelope of speech signals in a bionic ear. Fabricated in a 1.5 [mu]m process, the circuit consumes only 1 [mu]W of analog power and another 1 [mu]W of digital power, and can therefore run for over 50 years on just a couple of AA batteries. At the current level of power consumption, we have proven that this design is thermal-noise limited to a 6-bit precision, and higher precision is possible only if we expend more power. As such, it is already useful for cochlear implants, as deaf patients can only discriminate 1 dB out of a 30 dB dynamic range in the auditory nerve bundles. For the purpose of using this circuit in other applications, we conclude with several strategies that can increase the precision without hurting the power consumption.
by Ji-Jon Sit.
S.M.
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Giasson, Moara Menta. "A compensação ambiental e os instrumentos da Política Nacional de Meio Ambiente." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UNIVATES, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10737/1102.

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As preocupações com a degradação ambiental cada vez mais visível em meados do século XX mobilizaram as Conferências da Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU) sobre meio ambiente em Estocolmo (1972) e no Rio de Janeiro (1992). Esse movimento deu origem às políticas ambientais no Brasil, marcadas pelas concepções de meio ambiente da época. A Política Nacional do Meio Ambiente, de 1981, cria instrumentos para compatibilizar o desenvolvimento econômico-social com a preservação da qualidade ambiental e do equilíbrio ecológico. O controle de empreendimentos poluidores é feito por meio do licenciamento e da avaliação de impactos ambientais. Já a criação de espaços territoriais especialmente protegidos é uma ferramenta da Política para a conservação da biodiversidade. No Brasil, estes instrumentos embasam a compensação ambiental, a qual garante recursos de empreendimentos licenciados para criação e manutenção de unidades de conservação. Internacionalmente, o objetivo da compensação é alcançar a equivalência entre perdas e ganhos em termos de biodiversidade, de forma mensurável. Nesta dissertação é investigada a possibilidade da compensação ambiental no Brasil ser considerada um mecanismo gerador de ganho ambiental ou que garanta, minimamente, não haver perda de biodiversidade na implantação de projetos licenciados. Os estudos de caso evidenciaram que o procedimento de licenciamento não aponta claramente a conexão entre os impactos identificados nos estudos ambientais, e as medidas de mitigação e compensação executadas. As compensações, no entanto, revelaram que há equivalência ecológica entre a área impactada e as unidades de conservação beneficiadas. Conclui-se que a ferramenta de compensação ambiental brasileira apresenta potencial de contribuição para a perda zero de biodiversidade nos empreendimentos licenciados, sendo necessária a adequação no procedimento de licenciamento para a utilização da hierarquia de mitigação, e a exigência de medidas compensatórias que sejam mensuráveis e que garantam a equivalência ecológica entre as áreas impactadas e protegidas.
Worries about the ever more visible environmental degradation in the mid-twentieth century ignited the United Nations’ (UN) Conferences on the Environment in Stockholm (1972) and in Rio de Janeiro (1992). This movement originated environmental policies in Brazil, marked by the period’s understanding of environment. The 1981 National Environmental Policy creates instruments to reconcile social-economic development and preserving environmental quality and ecologic balance. Polluting enterprises are controlled through licensing and the environmental impact assessment. The creation of protected areas is tool in the policy for biodiversity conservation. In Brazil, these instruments are the foundation of environmental compensation (offset), which guarantees resources from licensed enterprises to create and maintain conservation units. Internationally, the goal of offset is to reach the equivalency between gains and losses in terms of biodiversity in a measurable way. In this dissertation, the possibility of environmental compensation in Brazil being considered a mechanism to generate environmental gain and to guarantee, at a minimum, no loss of biodiversity in the establishment of licensed projects is investigated. Case studies show that the licensing procedure has no clear connection between impacts identified by environmental studies and executed mitigation and compensation measures. Compensations, nevertheless, reveal that there is ecologic equivalency between the impacted area and the benefited conservation units. In conclusion, Brazil’s environmental compensation tool presents the potential to contribute to zero net loss of biodiversity in licensed enterprises. However, it is necessary to adjust the licensing procedure in order to use mitigation hierarchy, and the requirement of measurable compensatory ecologic equivalency measures.
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Books on the topic "Offset Compensatio"

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Witte, Johan F., Kofi A. A. Makinwa, and Johan H. Huijsing. Dynamic Offset Compensated CMOS Amplifiers. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2756-6.

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Witte, Johan F. Dynamic Offset Compensated CMOS Amplifiers. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009.

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James, Phillips. The impact of pension offset in New Jersey: The study of the effects of the pension offset provision in the New Jersey Unemployment Compensation Law. Trenton, N.J: New Jersey Dept. of Labor, Division of Planning and Research, Office of Program Research, 1985.

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Darbi, Marianne. Impact mitigation and biodiversity offsets: Compensation approaches from around the world : a study on the application of Article 14 of the CBD (Convention on Biological Diversity). Bonn: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, 2010.

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Huijsing, Johan, Kofi A. A. Makinwa, and Frerik Witte. Dynamic Offset Compensated CMOS Amplifiers. Springer, 2011.

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Veterans compensation: Offset of DOD separation pay and VA disability compensation : report to Congressional committees. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington 20013): The Office, 1995.

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Dworsky, Michael, Seth Seabury, Frank Neuhauser, Ujwal Kharel, and Roald Euller. California's 2012 Workers' Compensation Reforms Helped Replace Wages and Offset Earnings Losses After the Great Recession. RAND Corporation, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.7249/rb9932.

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Darbi, Marianne. Biodiversity Offsets Between Regulation and Voluntary Commitment: A Typology of Approaches Towards Environmental Compensation and No Net Loss of Biodiversity. Springer International Publishing AG, 2021.

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Darbi, Marianne. Biodiversity Offsets Between Regulation and Voluntary Commitment: A Typology of Approaches Towards Environmental Compensation and No Net Loss of Biodiversity. Springer, 2020.

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Saito, Hiro. Apologies and Denunciations, 1989–1996. University of Hawai'i Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21313/hawaii/9780824856748.003.0004.

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The history problem fully developed between 1989 and 1996. Japanese and South Korean NGOs expanded the transnational network to help former “comfort women” demand apologies and compensation from the Japanese government, while Japanese NGOs helped Chinese victims file compensation lawsuits against the Japanese government and corporations. At this historical juncture, the LDP was ousted from power. This allowed non-LDP prime ministers to offer apologies for Japan’s past wrongdoings more decisively than did their LDP predecessors. Nevertheless, the LDP remained the largest political party, forcing non-LDP prime ministers to compromise cosmopolitanism with nationalism in Japan’s official commemoration. This compromise intensified the history problem by galvanizing Japanese nationalists as well as the governments and citizens in South Korea and China. The former criticized the Japanese government for failing to honor Japanese war dead enough, whereas the latter criticized it for failing to commemorate South Korean and Chinese victims enough.
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Book chapters on the topic "Offset Compensatio"

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Qiu, Cong. "BLE Receiver with Fast DC Offset Cancellation and Carrier Frequency Offset Compensation." In Machine Learning and Intelligent Communications, 222–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66785-6_25.

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van Staveren, Arie, Michiel H. L. Kouwenhoven, Wouter A. Serdijn, and Chris J. M. Verhoeven. "Frequency Compensation." In Trade-Offs in Analog Circuit Design, 257–82. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47673-8_9.

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López-Vallejo, Marcela. "Non-additionality, Overestimation of Supply, and Double Counting in Offset Programs: Insight for the Mexican Carbon Market." In Springer Climate, 191–221. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82759-5_10.

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AbstractMexico utilizes an emissions trading system as one of its carbon pricing instruments. Mexico’s planning, like that of other countries, includes flexible mechanisms such as offsets. Offsets allow market participants to compensate for their emissions through mitigation projects. Offsetting via participation in the Clean Development Mechanism and Joint Implementation was fundamental to the Kyoto Protocol. In contrast, the Paris Agreement is ambiguous about its use. Other national or regional offset programs, such as the EU, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, or Korea, work within emission trading systems. Subnationally, the California-Quebec program has been in effect since 2014. As Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) are global, offsetting allows market participants to compensate for their emissions through mitigation projects, whether domestically or abroad. Given their global scope, such programs present a wide variability in quality. This chapter presents an overview of offset programs worldwide and argues that non-additionality, overestimated supply, and double counting are their three most pressing quality problems. This analysis sheds light upon the nascent Mexican system and its offset program.
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Bruschi, P., M. Dei, and M. Piotto. "An Offset Compensation Method for Integrated Thermal Flow Sensors." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 229–32. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3606-3_44.

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Szilágyi, László, Jan Pliva, and Ronny Henker. "Offset-Compensation Systems for Multi-Gbit/s Optical Receivers." In IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, 235–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53273-4_11.

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Tubbax, Jan, Boris Côme, Liesbet Van Der Perre, Stéphane Donnay, and Marc Engels. "Joint Compensation of IQ Imbalance, Frequency Offset and Phase Noise." In Multi-Carrier Spread-Spectrum, 473–80. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0502-8_53.

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Solyom, Stefan, and Johan Hultén. "Physical Model-Based Yaw Rate and Steering Wheel Angle Offset Compensation." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 51–58. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33838-0_5.

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Bock, Holger, Marco Bucci, and Raimondo Luzzi. "An Offset-Compensated Oscillator-Based Random Bit Source for Security Applications." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 268–81. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-28632-5_20.

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Lee, Jae-Ho, Dong-Joon Choi, Nam-Ho Hur, and Whan-Woo Kim. "Channel Compensation of Variable Symbol Timing Offset in Non-synchronized OFDM System." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 73–79. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6516-0_9.

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Wang, Xin, and Heung-Gyoon Ryu. "Carrier Aggregation Receiver with Beamformer and Compensation of Doppler Effects and Timing Offset." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 1–9. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35594-3_1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Offset Compensatio"

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Gadalla, Mohamed A. E., and Waguih H. ElMaraghy. "Improving the Accuracy of Machined Parametric Surfaces Using Cutting Force Synthesis and Surface Offset Techniques." In ASME 1997 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-1091.

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Abstract Prediction of machining errors and compensation for these errors during the tool path generation stage can improve the product quality significantly. A traditional approach would be machining a few parts, followed by a measuring process to estimate the errors, and finally using a scheme to compensate for the errors. In this paper two approaches are used to avoid trial runs. In the first approach prediction of the deflection of the cutting tool (based on modelling of the cutting forces) at certain points distributed on the design surface is calculated. An inverse operator is then applied to these errors to calculate a compensation vector at each point. A variable offset geometrical model was developed that uses these vectors to build the compensated surface. A detailed simulation analysis for the proposed compensation scheme is presented for different surface shapes in both up and down milling. The second approach is based on improving the roughing strategy by leaving a uniform thickness layer during the roughing phase on top of the finished surface. This leads to more uniform distribution of the cutting forces that may improve the accuracy of the finished surface.
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Gille, L., D. Dumont, and B. Boulder. "Automatic Integrated Offset Compensation." In Electro International, 1991. IEEE, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/electr.1991.718290.

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Kallio, Ulla, Joona Eskelinen, Jorma Jokela, Hannu Koivula, Simo Marila, Jyri Näränen, Markku Poutanen, Arttu Raja-Halli, Paavo Rouhiainen, and Heli Suurmäki. "Validation of GNSS-based reference point monitoring of the VGOS VLBI telescope at Metsähovi." In 5th Joint International Symposium on Deformation Monitoring. Valencia: Editorial de la Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/jisdm2022.2022.13691.

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VLBI telescope reference point, the closest point in the telescope primary axis from the secondary axis, is typically determined indirectly by observation of points co-rotating with the telescope. We have previously measured telescope reference point indirectly with two GPS-antennas attached on the edge of the dish of the Aalto University Metsähovi radio telescope in 2008-2015. Now we have applied the same technique to the new VGOS-telescope of the FGI Metsähovi geodetic research station. The reference point of the VGOS antenna was estimated using post-processed trajectory coordinates of two GNSS antennas. The antennas are attached on the edge of the radio telescope dish with gimbals where a counterweight with shock absorber act as compensators to ensure zenith pointing at all telescope elevation angles. In addition, spherical prisms are attached to the structure of the telescope for tachymetric reference point determination. One purpose of this study is to evaluate the limit values and uncertainties of the compensator assembly by simulations and precise tachymeter measurements. To ensure that the compensation error is nearly constant or can be modelled, we have measured the residual tilt of the GNSS antennas with different VLBI antenna elevations. The results indicate a need to apply the corrections or to improve the compensator design. We aim to improve the counterweight and dampening so that no extra model corrections to trajectory coordinates are needed. For final assurance of our GNSS-based reference point monitoring performance, we have compared the reference point coordinates determined by simultaneous tachymetric and GNSS data. Our results and simulations showed that, with a small compensation error, the influence on reference point coordinates is marginal but the axis offset will be compromised, provided that the compensating angle bias is nearly constant. Preliminary reference point estimates show a rather good agreement of simultaneous GNSS-based and tachymetric reference points. The final results will be achieved as part of the 18SIB01 EMPIR GeoMetre project, funded from the EMPIR programme and co-financed by the Participating States and from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme.
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Ibsen, Morten, Michael K. Durkin, and Richard I. Laming. "Chirped Moiré Fibre Gratings Operating on two Wavelength-Channels for use as Dual Channel Dispersion Compensators." In Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Fibers and Waveguides. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/bgppf.1997.btua.6.

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Dispersion compensation is necessary in order to allow high data rate transmission through the installed standard fibre links. Several dispersion compensation techniques exists, including dispersion compensating fibre, phase conjugation and chirped fibre gratings. Of these, chirped fibre gratings offer many advantages including compactness, low-loss and low nonlinearity. Recent error-free 10 Gbit/s and 40 Gbit/s transmission experiments at 1.55 μm over 109 km of standard fibre together with the possibility of simultaneous compensation of 2nd and 3rd order dispersion confirm the potential of this solution [1,2,3].
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Poulton, David W. "Conservation Offsets and Pipeline Construction: A Case Study of the TMX Anchor Loop Project." In 2012 9th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2012-90599.

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When Terasen Pipelines (later Kinder Morgan Canada) sought to loop its Trans Mountain pipeline through Canada’s Jasper National Park and British Columbia’s Mount Robson Provincial Park, both being components of the Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks UNESCO World Heritage site, the company faced formidable regulatory and public interest obstacles. However, the company and several environmental groups agreed not to test the strength of their respective uncertain legal positions, but to work co-operatively with each other and with park managers. The motivating goal was to design into the looping project some aspect of environmental improvement that would result in a net benefit to the ecological conditions of the two parks, more than compensating for the residual disturbance which would be caused by the looping after mitigation. The central concept was that of a “conservation offset” (also known as “biodiversity offset”), which has been defined as: “conservation actions intended to compensate for the residual, unavoidable harm to biodiversity caused by development projects, so as to ensure no net loss of biodiversity.” This paper reviews the history of the discussions and planning which took place, considers the adequacy of the outcomes, and suggest lessons for using conservation offsets as a means to align proponent and stakeholder interests and improve environmental outcomes for linear projects beyond the prospects offered by mitigation alone.
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6

Abu-Mallouh, Mohammed, Brian Surgenor, and Sasan Taghizadeh. "Hybrid Control of a Pneumatic Gantry Robot for Contour Tracking: Proportional Pressure Versus Proportional Flow Control." In ASME 2009 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2009-2665.

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The application of a pneumatic gantry robot to contour tracking is examined. A hybrid controller is structured to control the contact force and the tangential velocity, simultaneously. In a previous study, experimental contour tracking results for the robot were obtained with electronic proportional pressure control (PPC) valves. The results demonstrated the potential of pneumatic actuation for contour tracking applications. In another study it was found that improvement in performance was limited by system lag and Coulomb friction. A neural network (NN) compensator was developed to counter both effects. Simulation results demonstrated the effectiveness of the NN compensator. Although improvement in performance with NN compensation was significant, this was offset by the requirement for substantive design effort. This paper shows experimentally that equally significant improvement can be achieved by switching from PPC valves to proportional flow control (PFC) valves. The PFC approach requires less design effort.
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Zhao, Nan, and Soichi Ibaraki. "Calibration and Compensation of Rotary Axis Angular Positioning Deviations on a SCARA-Type Industrial Robot Using a Laser Tracker." In JSME 2020 Conference on Leading Edge Manufacturing/Materials and Processing. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/lemp2020-8502.

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Abstract In general, the “absolute” positioning accuracy of industrial robots is significantly lower than its repeatability. In the past research, in order to improve a robot’s positioning accuracy over the entire workspace, the compensation for the link length errors and the rotation axis angle offsets are often employed. However, the positioning error of the compensated industrial robot is still much higher than that of a typical machine tool. The purpose of this study is to propose a new kinematic model and its calibration scheme to further improve the absolute positional accuracy of an industrial robot over the entire workspace. In order to simplify the problem, this study only targets the 2D positioning accuracy of a SCARA-type robot. The proposed model includes not only link length errors and rotary axis angular offsets but also the “error map” of the angular positioning deviation of each rotary axis. The angular error deviation of each rotary axis is identified by measuring the robot’s end-effector position by a laser tracker at many positions. To verify the validity of the identified model, the effectiveness of the compensation based on it is also investigated.
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Bexten, Thomas, Manfred Wirsum, Björn Roscher, Ralf Schelenz, Georg Jacobs, Daniel Weintraub, and Peter Jeschke. "Techno-Economic Study of Wind Farm Forecast Error Compensation by Flexible Heat-Driven CHP Units." In ASME Turbo Expo 2017: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2017-63557.

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Many energy supply systems around the world are currently undergoing a phase of transition that is mainly characterized by a continuing increase in installed renewable power generation capacities. Aiming at a better integration of these additional capacities, operators of wind farms in Germany are obliged to bindingly forecast their power production. In order to maintain the continuous stability of the electricity grid, deviations from these forecasts have to be compensated by the grid operator, who charges the wind farm operators accordingly. An alternative way to compensate for forecast errors is the utilization of flexible and dispatchable energy conversion and storage units by the wind farm operator. Heat-driven combined heat and power (CHP) units with heat storage systems offer the potential of limited short-term load adjustments to compensate forecast errors while simultaneously fulfilling their main task of providing heat. The main objectives of the present study are the evaluation of the main technical parameters and the economic viability of the described application. The study utilizes a theoretical scenario incorporating a gas turbine as a CHP unit providing heat for an industrial process, a heat storage and an associated wind farm. A generic wind farm power generation forecast error model is developed, providing realistic forecast errors for the study. Detailed models of all system components are developed and integrated into a common simulation environment, allowing for simulations of the overall system operation with varying heat storage capacities. The simulation results show that the combination of a heat-driven CHP gas turbine and a heat storage system makes a significant contribution to the compensation of the wind farm power generation forecast errors. Distinct correlations between the heat storage capacity and the remaining forecast errors are identified. The net balance energy costs resulting from the remaining demand for balance energy after the partial forecast error compensation are investigated as the main parameter for the economic viability. No distinctive correlation between the heat storage capacity and the net balance energy costs can be identified. This is the result of the stochastic character of the net balance energy price.
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Li Caixia, Zheng Xiaokun, Huang Yongping, Han Xiaoxia, and Long Hainan. "Phase offset compensation algorithm simulation of OFDM." In Instruments (ICEMI). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icemi.2011.6037680.

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Wu, Xiaofu, and Yue Song. "Progressive Frequency-Offset Compensation in Turbo Receivers." In 2010 6th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing (WiCOM). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wicom.2010.5600945.

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Reports on the topic "Offset Compensatio"

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Ahumada, Hildegart, Eduardo A. Cavallo, Santos Espina-Mairal, and Fernando Navajas. Research Insights: Can Better Infrastructure Offset the Negative Impacts That COVID-19 Has Had on Productivity in Different Economic Sectors? Inter-American Development Bank, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003682.

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The effects of COVID-19 have been stronger in service-related subsectors, where supply and/or demand were constrained by lockdowns and social distancing measures. The losses in these subsectors have had direct impacts-through their weight in countries GDP-and indirect impacts through their effect on other sectors. In Latin America, effects on the three most affected sectors-wholesale, retail, and hospitality services; construction; and manufacturing-add up to a 4.9 percent hit to economy-wide labor productivity through direct and indirect channels. Large productivity improvements in infrastructure may be needed to fully compensate for the negative productivity losses traceable to COVID-19.
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Ahumada, Hildegart, Eduardo A. Cavallo, Santos Espina-Mairal, and Fernando Navajas. Research Insights: Can Better Infrastructure Offset the Negative Impacts That COVID-19 Has Had on Productivity in Different Economic Sectors? Inter-American Development Bank, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003682.

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The effects of COVID-19 have been stronger in service-related subsectors, where supply and/or demand were constrained by lockdowns and social distancing measures. The losses in these subsectors have had direct impacts-through their weight in countries GDP-and indirect impacts through their effect on other sectors. In Latin America, effects on the three most affected sectors-wholesale, retail, and hospitality services; construction; and manufacturing-add up to a 4.9 percent hit to economy-wide labor productivity through direct and indirect channels. Large productivity improvements in infrastructure may be needed to fully compensate for the negative productivity losses traceable to COVID-19.
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Saulais, Laure, and Maurice Doyon. Impact du design de questions sur la perception des compensations proposées et les intentions de participation au pad: étude de préfaisabilité. CIRANO, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54932/ziga3839.

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Le Plan d’agriculture durable (PAD) du gouvernement du Québec offre aux entreprises agricoles un ensemble de possibilités pour accélérer l’adoption des meilleures pratiques agroenvironnementales d’ici 2030. Il est prévu que des rétributions soient offertes pour compenser les coûts encourus suite à la mise en œuvre de certaines pratiques. Cette étude s’appuie sur les principes de l’économie comportementale et les techniques de l’économie expérimentale pour mettre en évidence des leviers comportementaux de l’acceptation et de l’adhésion des entreprises agricoles à certaines pratiques proposées par le PAD. À partir de l’analyse de données fournies par le Centre d’études sur les coûts de production en agriculture (CECPA) recueillies auprès de 489 répondants, les auteurs concluent que : 1. La façon de présenter l’information aux agricultrices et agriculteurs a un impact sur leur perception du montant de rétribution qui leur est présenté. 2. Présenter l’information comme un incitatif ou un bénéfice est préférable à présenter l’information comme une compensation de coûts. 3. Ajouter un préambule à l’offre de rétribution qui reconnaît les efforts déjà faits par les entreprises agricoles québécoises et la hauteur des défis vers l'amélioration du bilan environnemental de leur entreprise crée une émotion négative, réduisant ainsi la probabilité que les personnes interrogées acceptent un niveau donné de rétribution.
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