Dissertations / Theses: 'Office buildings'

1

Kwan, Yuen-ling. "Office decentralization in Hong Kong, 1981-89, with particular reference to the financial sector /." [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1990. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13008894.

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Kraatz, Anthony M. "Office park." This title; PDF viewer required. Home page for entire collection, 2005. http://archives.udmercy.edu:8080/dspace/handle/10429/9.

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Farkas, Tibor. "Daylighting in office buildings." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25150.

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This thesis presents a conceptual framework for the introduction of daylighting considerations into the design of office buildings. Design is an intuitive process, yet the intuition must be educated by study and analysis. The framework developed in the thesis enables the systematic study of daylighting principles and techniques and is a major step towards a grasp of daylighting design. The thesis is divided into nine chapters. The introductory chapter contains a brief history of daylighting in office buildings, examines reasons for daylighting, and explains the structure of the thesis. The following chapter analyses the performance criteria that the luminous environment in office interiors must fulfill in order to provide a satisfactory performance of visual tasks and result in user acceptance. Each of the next five chapters examine specific techniques, under five general objectives: i. promoting daylight access ii. promoting daylight penetration iii. interior space planning for daylighting advantage iv. controlling brightness extremes v. integrating daylight with electrical light In each chapter, these techniques are listed in order of decreasing scale: from site planning, through building configuration and building envelope, to building interior. The thesis shows that daylighting can be incorporated into building design at various levels of commitment, ranging from a total commitment to daylighting, in which the building is conceived as "a light fixture that can be engineered to a state of optimal performance", to a minor commitment, in which, for example, perimeter lights in an otherwise standard office building design are controlled in response to daylighting needs. Furthermore, it is shown that daylighting techniques can be introduced at various scales--some techniques may modulate the massing, while others deal with specific building components. Following the study of techniques, there is a discussion on daylighting design tools and the integration of daylighting with other aspects of design. The thesis concludes that daylighting offers architects the opportunity to design office buildings so that they use less energy and, at the same time, provide a better working environment than is the case with most buildings today.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Architecture and Landscape Architecture (SALA), School of
Graduate

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Cummin, Lesley D., and Andrew H. Popik. "Repositioning Manhattan office buildings." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/72747.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1989.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 129-131).
by Lesley D. Cummin and Andrew H. Popik.
M.S.

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Liu, Mei-fong. "A study of office decentralization in Sha Tin New Town /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1992. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13349880.

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Lai, Kwok-leung Horace. "Union office in West Kowloon reclamation area." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31985774.

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7

Wong, Sik-kin Simon. "An analysis of the Hong Kong office property market." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19740694.

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Wei, Yu-Hua S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "The market of medical office buildings." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/77128.

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Thesis (S.M. in Real Estate Development)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Real Estate Development in Conjunction with the Center for Real Estate, 2012.
Cataloged from department-submitted PDF version of thesis. This electronic version was submitted and approved by the author's academic department as part of an electronic thesis pilot project. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 103).
This paper is to define the demand and supply factors and to develop a system to forecast the future development of medical office buildings. At this juncture of time when the health care industry is facing historical changes due to demographic shift, economic challenges and legislative moves, understanding the market mechanism of medical office buildings that provide easy accesses for medical service to aging population, carry lower costs for health care system, and promote the preventive care in medical practices has never been more critical. Medical office buildings as a real estate product type have unique market and development mechanism. They house medical services and have commercial and retail real estate characteristics. To understand the demand and supply of medical office buildings, health care industry that provide medical services, population consuming medical services and real estate industry develop and manage the physical space need to be observed. By using panel regression to analyze historical economic, population and health care employment data across metropolitan areas, we can establish a system that explains the medical office building market. We further quantify the future medical office building demand based on the forecasted economic data and the model established in this paper. The future development of medical office buildings is intricately tied to many factors including the trends predicating the scale and speed of the development. Using the historical events as guidelines and the system established, this paper presents positive outcomes for the demand of medical office buildings under different scenarios.
by Yu-Hua Wei.
S.M.in Real Estate Development

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Ericsson, Jacob, and Erik Waldén. "Conversion of office buildings to dwellings." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-190052.

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During the current market boom, Sweden’s property market represents an attractive investment market with a continuously bright future. Stockholm contributes, according to last year's notations, to a third of Sweden’s total transaction volume and is by investors seen as the most attractive investment market in the Nordic region. While interest in investing in Stockholm's commercial property market is high, the region is facing exceptionally high numbers in population growth, which are putting pressure on the production of new housing. The amount of new construction projects in Stockholm is too low to reach the market’s demand, which encourages other options to produce new housing. In the present real estate stock for the office segment, there are several older buildings with poor economy and yields. This may be due to the property's structural conditions, floor plans and location. For properties of this kind, reconstruction to condominiums may be a viable alternative. Here, property owners have a decision to either implement a renovation to satisfy the market’s requirements for adaptable office space, or to convert into condominiums. This report presents an economic profitability analysis in converting existing office buildings into condominiums for selected sub-markets in Stockholm. Transaction prices for condominiums, office properties and standardized market valuations of office properties forms the groundwork for the analysis. This is presented in a general area analysis, which is verified by two case studies of properties in selected markets. Considering the high condominium prices in Stockholm, the region constitutes a favorable market for conversion of this type. The highest profitability has been identified in submarkets, which are AA- or A-areas for housing while at the same time C- or D-areas for offices.
Sveriges fastighetsmarknad är, under den rådande högkonjunkturen, en attraktiv investeringsmarknad med en fortsatt ljus framtid. Stockholm står, enligt fjolårets siffror, för en tredjedel av transaktionsvolymen i landet och är fortsatt den största och mest intressanta investeringsmarknaden i Norden. Samtidigt som intresset att investera i Stockholms kommersiella fastighetsmarknad är högt, står regionen inför toppnoteringar i befolkningstillväxt vilket sätter press på produktionen av nya bostäder. Antalet nybyggnationsprojekt i Stockholm är otillräckligt för att nå upp till marknadens efterfrågan, vilket uppmuntrar till andra alternativ att producera nya bostäder. I dagens fastighetsbestånd för kontossegmentet finns flertalet äldre byggnader med dålig ekonomi och avkastningskrav. Detta kan bero på fastighetens byggnadstekniska förutsättningar, planlösningar och läge. För fastigheter av detta slag kan ombyggnation till bostadsrätter vara ett lönsamt alternativ. Här står fastighetsägare inför ett val att antingen genomföra en renovering för att mäta marknadens krav för anpassningsbara kontorsytor, eller att konvertera till bostadsrätter. Denna rapport presenterar en ekonomisk lönsamhetsanalys i att konvertera befintliga kontorsfastigheter till bostadsrätter för utvalda delmarknader i Stockholm. Transaktionspriser för bostadsrätter, kontorsfastigheter, samt schabloniserade marknadsvärderingar av kontorsfastigheter ligger som grund för analysen. Denna presenteras i en generell områdesanalys som verifieras med två fallstudier av fastigheter i utvalda delmarknader. Med hänsyn till de höga bostadspriserna utgör Stockholm en gynnsam marknad för konvertering av detta slag. Störst lönsamhet har påvisats i delmarknader vilka är ett AA- eller A-läge för bostäder samtidigt som det är ett C- eller D-läge för kontor.

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Kwong, Kwok-tung Vincent. "A new general Post Office." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25954751.

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Reader, James Weatherston. "Hydrographic office & chart Information centre." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25946432.

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Chau, Yuet-chu. "A future newspaper office building." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B26398278.

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Leung, Wai-yip. "Indoor air quality and heating, ventilation & air conditioning systems in office buildings /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18734315.

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Kwan, Pui-man, and 關佩文. "Building energy conservation and environmental assessment for office buildings in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45008097.

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15

Kara, Deniz. "Implementing productivity based demand response in office buildings using building automation standards." Thesis, Durham University, 2015. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/10944/.

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Demand response is an effective method that can solve known issues in electrical power systems caused by peak power demand and intermittent supply from renewable sources. Office buildings are good candidates for implementing demand response because they usually incorporate building management systems which are able to control and monitor various electrical devices, from lighting to HVAC, security to power management. In order to study the feasibility of using an existing office building management system to implement demand response, a simulator for a typical office building has been built which models the energy consumption characteristics of the building. With the help of this simulator, an Indoor Environment Quality based control algorithm is developed whose aim is to minimise reduction in productivity in an office building during a demand response application. This research revealed two key elements of automatic demand response: lighting loads need to be utilised in every demand response scenario along with HVAC, and the control system needs to be able to operate rapidly because of changing conditions. A multi-agent based demand response control algorithm for lighting is then developed and used to test the suitability of two communication protocols currently widely used in office buildings: KNX and LonWorks. The results show that excessive overload of the communication channel and the lag caused by slow communication speeds using these protocols present serious problems for the implementation of real time agent based communication in office buildings. A solution to these problems is proposed.

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Campbell, Ronald. "Intelligent buildings : fact or fiction?" Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336647.

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Treloar, Graham J., and edu au jillj@deakin edu au mikewood@deakin edu au wildol@deakin edu au kimg@deakin. "Energy analysis of the construction of office buildings." Deakin University. School of Architecture and Building, 1994. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20040617.170806.

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Buildings have a significant impact on the environment due to the energy required for the manufacture of construction materials. The method of assessing the energy embodied in a product is known as energy analysis. Detailed office building embodied energy case studies are very rare. However, there is evidence to suggest that the energy requirements for the construction phase of commercial buildings, including the energy embodied in materials, is a significant component of the life cycle energy requirements. This thesis sets out to examine the current state of energy analysis, determine the national average energy intensities < i.e. embodied energy rates < for building materials and assess the significance of using national average energy intensities for the energy analysis of a case study office building. Likely ranges of variation in the building material embodied energy rates from the national averages are estimated and the resulting distribution for total embodied energy in the case study building simulated. Strategies for improving the energy analysis methods and data are suggested. Detailed energy analysis is shown to be a useful indicative method of quantifying the energy required for the construction of buildings.

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18

Blakstad, Siri Hunnes. "A Strategic Approach to Adaptability in Office Buildings." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Architecture and Fine Art, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-26.

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This thesis, “A Strategic Approach to adaptability in office buildings”, is the result of a doktor ingeniør-project financed by a NBI project called “Buildings in a life cycle perspective”. The work was carried out at the Department of Building Technology, Faculty of Architecture, Planning and Fine Arts at NTNU in the period 1997 - 2001.

The main objective of this work is to develop and present knowledge about adaptability in office buildings and how this knowledge can be enhanced. Adaptability is thought to be important in order to reduce mismatches between buildings and their user organisations. Mismatches will occur in the Building – User Relationship over a period of time. The level of mismatch will vary, but at one point the mismatch exceeds the acceptable mismatch level, and major adaptations in the building, in the use of the building, or in how the user organisation finances and procures real estate, are needed. The acceptable mismatch level will vary from situation to situation, but there will always be some level of mismatch in the Building – User Relationship, and minor adaptations must be carried out continuously.

As opposed to many of the earlier works that have dealt with these issues, this work is mainly focused on adaptability, not only on flexibility. Adaptability is here defined as “the ability to change, responding to internal or external changes”, and it is seen as something that approaches the problem “from the top”. Flexibility, on the other hand, is seen as more solution-oriented, giving possibilities for change within a limited set of alternatives. Flexibility is still seen as important, but as one of several ways to achieve physical adaptability, together with partitionability, multifunctionality, and extendability. This work is also more based on a social-constructivist approach to the problem, and on the socio-technical relationships between buildings and users, rather than on technical solutions.

The main reason to engage oneself in the study of adaptability in office buildings is that we have seen the changes that have taken place in offices during the last 100 years, and that we expect these changes to accelerate. During the history of office buildings there has been a large variety in office layouts and workplace design. The use of the building and the workplace ideals may change, but the actual building is more durable. Thus, most buildings will meet a change in requirements during their lifetime, to which they have to be adapted. Some existing buildings adapt readily to change, others are more difficult to alter. The building will be adapted if the value of adapting the building into new or future use is thought to be greater than the value of the alternatives and the cost of adaptations. This value can be both financial value and value of use.

The value of use is most clearly seen in the Building – User Relationship (BUR). This is a dialectic relationship between buildings and users, where the two sides are believed to mutually affect each other. When the organisation changes, the building must be adapted in response to a new situation. On the other hand, the organisation will adapt itself to the possibilities and constraints in the building. The BUR is not necessarily only concerned with one user. It can also be seen as the relationship between the building and several users or between the user and several buildings. Major and continuous changes and adaptations will happen in both cases, and the same approach, with some adaptations, can be used.

Because the BUR is thought to be constantly changing, there is always a mismatch between supply (what the building can offer) and demand (what the organisation needs). This mismatch must be managed in order to create the best possible fit between the building and the user organisation.

To manage the mismatches, one has to consider planning and decision-making under uncertainty. An understanding of the direction and the future on the demand side (the user organisation), as well as a strategy for developing the supply side (the building) must be developed. The interface between the two has to be managed in a long-term perspective. In order to deal with this, a strategic way of managing the mismatch is chosen, and the Strategic Approach to adaptability is based on a strategic iterative decision-making process. The metaphor of design has been used to explore and explain the iterative decision-making process, which is based on interaction between the phases of awareness, analysis, and action.

The main ingredients in the Strategic Approach are:

1. A “mindset”, which is a way of thinking about changes in the Building – User Relationship. This mindset includes knowledge about organisations and buildings and how they change and affect each other.

2. Strategic, iterative decision-making based on a process of awareness, analysis, and action. This decision-making process can be applied in different situations. Two situations of special relevance to the Building – User Relationship have been described in this work: The management of BUR mismatches, which is the continuous process of adapting buildings and user organisations to each other, and the Strategic Approach used in the building’s life cycle, from initiative concept, programming, design, and construction, to use and operation.

3. Some tools can be applied within the strategic decision-making process to aid decision-making. For ex. assess uncertainty, for financial analysis, to anticipate the future, to evaluate buildings, to structure planning processes, for visualising, or for problem solving. In this work, two tools have been described in detail: scenarios and layering.

4. Measures are actual solutions that can be applied (a) to the building, (b) to the use of buildings, or (c) in finance and contracts, to enhance adaptability. Actual measures are outside the scope of this work, where the main focus is on strategic decision-making and the Building – User Relationship. They are, however, mentioned when appropriate, i.e. in the description of design strategies and of layering.

This study is mostly explorative, and an interpretative research approach has been used. This means that concepts and theories have been developed during the enquiry. An iterative research process with empirical and theoretical studies was used. The research instruments were interviews, workshops, and case studies, as well as a final example case, which is used to demonstrate the Strategic Approach in practice.

4 cases are presented: Dagbladet, a major retrofit process of a building complex with several buildings of different ages, which focused on a layered and phased retrofit process. Gjensidige, a new corporate headquarters for a large insurance company, which in its new building focused on strategic decisions and end-user involvement.

Office XX, an experimental building with technical solutions that encourages flexibility and give possibilities for easy assembly and disassembly of the building or parts of it. And finally K-bank’s new headquarters, Colosseum Park, which was developed as a commercial multi-purpose office building.

The Strategic Approach is finally applied to an example, in order to show how it could have been used in practice. A description of the real sequence of events is compared to an idealised version of the example; a simulation of the Strategic Approach used in the Consultants Inc. project”. The study shows that Consultants Inc. might have benefited from using the approach. The next step will, however, be to test the Strategic Approach in a pilot case and monitor the long-term effects on adaptability and BUR mismatches.

The main results from this work have been:

- That a Strategic Approach based on an understanding of the dynamics in the Building-User Relationship, and a strategic decision-making process has been developed, as well as some tools and methods which can be applied within a Strategic Approach. Some of this is developed in this project. Other issues are based on previous works, but used within the framework, the Strategic Approach developed in this project.

- That a Strategic Approach has been shown to be important and necessary to improve adaptability in office buildings.

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Zhang, Ke. "Life cycle costing for office buildings in Canada." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ39098.pdf.

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Khajehpour, Siavash. "Optimal conceptual design of high-rise office buildings." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ60544.pdf.

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21

Grajewski, Tadeusz Roman. "Spatial configurations and interaction patterns within office buildings." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.408397.

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Sannaty, Venoo Kamesh. "Strategies for Energy Efficient Office Buildings in India." Thesis, KTH, Samhällsplanering och miljö, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-100769.

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Poon, Kwok-hing Francis. "Analysis of financial return of office sector in Hong Kong (1979-1988)." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1989. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31979671.

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Costanzo, Vincenzo. "Cool Roofs for improving thermal performance of existing EU office buildings." Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/3822.

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Cool materials are characterized by having a high solar reflectance - which is able to reduce heat gains during daytime - and a high thermal emissivity that enables them to dissipate the heat absorbed throughout the day during night. Despite the concept of cool roofs - i.e. the application of cool materials to roof surfaces - is well known in US since 1990s, many studies focused on their performance in both residential and commercial sectors under various climatic conditions for US countries, while only a few case studies are analyzed in EU countries. The present thesis work aims at analyzing the thermal benefits due to their application to existing office buildings located in EU countries. Indeed, due to their weight in the existing buildings stock, as well as the very low rate of new buildings construction, the retrofit of office buildings is a topic of great concern worldwide. After an in-depth characterization of the existing buildings stock in the EU, the thesis gives an insight into roof energy balance due to different technological solutions, showing in which cases and to what extent cool roofs are preferable. A detailed description of the physical properties of cool materials and their availability on the market provides a solid background for the parametric analysis carried out by means of detailed numerical models that aims at evaluating cool roofs performance for various climates and office buildings configurations. With the help of dynamic simulations, the thermal behavior of representative office buildings of the existing EU buildings stock is assessed in terms of thermal comfort and energy needs for air conditioning. The results, which consider several variations of building features that may affect the resulting energy balance, show how cool roofs are an effective strategy for reducing overheating occurrences and thus improving thermal comfort in any climate. On the other hand, potential heating penalties due to a reduction in the heat fluxes passing through the roof are taken into account, as well as the aging process of cool materials. Finally, an economic analysis of the best performing models shows the boundaries for their economic convenience.

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Chan, Kin-fai. "Office development for the future C.B.D." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25945166.

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Diaz, C. "Climate-responsive design for non-domestic buildings in warm climates : optimisation of thermal mass for indoor cooling." n.p, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/.

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Lai, Kwok-leung Horace, and 勵國樑. "Union office in West Kowloon reclamation area." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31985774.

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Chiang, Yat-hung. "Property investment in a portfolio context : analysis of risk and return of office property investment in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19050239.

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Lee, Kai-Yip, and 李繼業. "Indoor air pathogens and HVAC systems in office buildings." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31255929.

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Kwong, Kwok-tung Vincent, and 鄺國棟. "A new general Post Office." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31983406.

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Duran, Ozlem. "Evaluation of retrofitting strategies for post-war office buildings." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2018. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/32268.

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The energy used in non-domestic buildings accounts for 18 % of the energy use in the UK. Within the non-domestic building stock, 11 % of office buildings have a very high influence on the energy use. Thus, the retrofit of office buildings has a significant potential for energy efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions reduction within the non-domestic building stock. However, the replacement rate of existing buildings by new-build is only around 1-3 % per annum. Post-war office buildings, (built between 1945 and 1985) represent a promising sector for retrofit and energy demand reduction. They have disproportionately high energy consumption because many were built before the building regulations addressed thermal performance. The aim of the research is to evaluate the retrofit strategies for post-war office buildings accounting for the improved energy efficiency, thermal comfort and hence, productivity, capital and the running costs. The research seeks to provide the optimal generic retrofit strategies and illustrate sophisticated methods which will be the basis for guidelines about post-war office building retrofit. For this, multiple combinations of heating and cooling retrofit measures were applied to representative models (Exemplar) of post-war office buildings using dynamic thermal simulation modelling. The retrofit strategies include; applying envelope retrofit to UK Building Regulations Part L2B and The Passivhaus Institue EnerPHit standards for heating demand reduction and winter comfort. Passive cooling interventions such as shading devices and night ventilation and active cooling intervention such as mixed-mode ventilation were applied to overcome summer overheating. All retrofit combinations were evaluated considering future climate, inner and outer city locations and different orientations. In summary, the results showed that under current weather conditions Part L2B standard retrofit with passive cooling provided the optimum solution. In 2050, however, both Part L2B retrofit naturally ventilated cases with the passive cooling measures and EnerPHit retrofit mixed-mode ventilation cases provide the requisite thermal comfort and result in a similar range of energy consumption. It was concluded that to create generic retrofit solutions which could be applied to a given typology within the building stock is possible. The methodology and the Exemplar model could be used in future projects by decision-makers and the findings and analysis of the simulations could be taken as guidance for the widespread retrofit of post-war office buildings.

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Chau, Yuet-chu, and 周月珠. "A future newspaper office building." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31982748.

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Khasreen, Mohamad Monkiz. "Carbon dioxide emissions of office buildings in Scotland : life-cycle assesment of new-build offices." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2701.

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In the context of the global trend towards reducing the carbon footprint of buildings, the design team must make decisions, which have major consequences on the carbon footprint. This should be during the early stages of the building design process, as changes made later on can be costly. Although Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) is the ‘gold standard’ method to evaluate the design from 'cradle to grave'. The lack of detail available on the concept design makes LCA very difficult if not impossible. Unfortunately, this is the very stage at which decisions are made that have a most significant influence on the life cycle. In order to support designers, a database of LCA case studies data is needed, accessible to designers and decision makers, and giving guidance on specific areas of significant impact, on which they can concentrate to reduce the building’s total impact. The work in this thesis sets out to address this need. This thesis presents life-cycle case studies of two new-build offices in Scotland that could be used as guidance during the concept stage of the design process. This is achieved by modelling the carbon emissions of different life-cycle stages, and different building materials and components used in building activities. The hypothesis that the current trend of office building in Scotland produces buildings which are relatively lower in their emissions than those reported in the literature is tested by a full life-cycle assessment of two new-build offices in Edinburgh. Scenario and sensitivity analysis is used to assess the future of office buildings in Scotland. The carbon dioxide emissions of the two case study buildings, when normalised according to floor area, are similar and lie towards the lower end of the range of worldwide data reported in the literature. Sensitivity analysis shows that the life cycle results are affected by changes in design parameters, and are highly sensitive to the assumptions about the future made at the design stage, such as future changes in electricity generation over time, refurbishment and recycling. Large savings in carbon dioxide emissions can result from small changes at the design stage, such as glazing ratios and the provision of parking. Some of these are fields for future research and development.

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Xu, Nora (Nora Lan). "Active participation of buildings in the power sector : the case of small office buildings." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/103567.

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Thesis: S.M. in Technology and Policy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, Technology and Policy Program, 2015.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 135-140).
Under the broad context of decarbonization of the energy sector, commercial buildings are well-suited for providing ancillary services to the electricity grid and poised to transform from passive consumers to active electricity market participants. A data-driven multi-zonal thermal response model is formulated and fit to EnergyPlus simulation data from a Department of Energy Small Office Reference Commercial Building for the months of June, July and August. When validated and tested against EnergyPlus simulation data, the thermal response model performs well. The thermal response model is then used in a co-optimization of energy and ancillary provision for a small office building with a variable air volume system from [9] using summer wholesale electricity and ancillary services prices from ISO-NE. Under six different price cases, the individual small office building provides maximum hourly regulation and spinning reserve capacities of 3.2 and 4.4 kW respectively and daily total regulation and spinning reserve capacities of 51 and 46 kW respectively. When scaled up over similar building stock in New England, small office buildings can provide up to 9.5% of ISO-NE's daily regulation requirement and 8% of the daily spinning reserves requirement. From an economic perspective, a small office building's potential summer ancillary services' revenues are not sufficient to drive investment in installation of a building automation system, variable air volume system and associated metering. However, buildings may invest in the necessary equipment for energy cost reductions and to participate in other demand response programs. Increasing building participation rates in ancillary services markets requires addressing the principal-agent problem, building-specific concerns such as program controllability and convenience and targeted policies aimed at increasing availability of clear aggregator-enabled building participation avenues.
by Nora Xu.
S.M. in Technology and Policy

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Mustafaraj, Giorgio. "Thermal behaviour model identification for three different office buildings." Thesis, Brunel University, 2008. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/5336.

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The thermal behaviour was investigated of three offices positioned in three buildings built in different periods, one academic institute built in 1920 and two modem commercial buildings in London. The buildings chosen for this study are the Rockefeller Building, which is part of University College London (UCL), Portman House in Oxford Street and the Visa Building in Paddington. Due to the lack of specific information related to the structure of the buildings such as windows, doors, building dimensions and other information that would allow the use of physical models, in this project black-box linear and non-linear mathematical models were used. Data relating to room temperature, hot and chilled water temperature, air flow and temperature from air handling units and outside temperature were collected for one year, from the actual building management systems (BMSs) installed in these buildings. The main assumption of the model development in the three buildings was that although occupancy, computers, printers etc cause an additional internal heat gain, their impact is in part indirectly included in the model. The primary objective of the analysis was to identify the inputs (independent variables) that gave good models for the prediction of room temperature for a certain period. Consequently, the process of input selection and period of validity in obtaining models that give good thermal prediction (within the same period) were the key points in season subdivision. The first part of the analysis applied the following linear parametric mathematical models to the three office buildings selected: Box Jenkins (BJ), autoregressivem oving averagew ith exogenousi nput (ARMAX) and output error (OE) structure. The project then deals with non-linear mathematical models. The same inputs selected and assumptions made with linear analysis were used to build, in turn, models with feedforward backpropagation (FFBP), non-linear autoregressive mathematical models with parallel arrangement (NARX) and series-parallel arrangement (NARXSP). The research presented in this project is related to developing models for three real offices positioned in three different buildings whereas previous researchers have applied these models mainly to experimental rooms and HVAC plants, with the purpose of fault detection and diagnostics. Furthermore, in the past, research on thermal model development has been related to one office or HVAC plant, and for a limited period of time (a few weeks or months). In contrast, this study undertakes an overall analysis of thermal model development for three offices and for a period of one year, where the process of input selection is given priority to obtain good models. Thus, previous studies have not utilized these two types of models for such a long period of data collection nor related them to three different buildings. Finally, model development and then validation were pursued utilizing the same week, different weeks and different days (where the first part of the data in each case was used for model estimation and the following part for model validation). This was one within the period that the models gave good results for the prediction of room temperature. The best mathematical models (linear and non-linear) that predict the room temperature, in terms of the inputs selected, has been determined for each season. The procedures for how to choose the best models are based on the following techniques: final prediction error (FPE for linear models), mean squared error (mse for non-linear models), and model fits and errors between measurements and simulated model output. Overall, the results related for the prediction of room temperature with non-linear models, are better than those obtained with linear models, as a result of comparison between models' errors, FPE and mse obtained with linear and non-linear models.

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Giatas, Shawn. "The Technological Evolution of Three Office Buildings Over Time." Digital WPI, 2013. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/301.

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From the 1920s until present day, the technological evolution of the office building, or more specifically, the office building skyscraper has been eminent. From past to present, the functions of this building have changed dramatically and with this change, a component cost shift has occurred. An investigation of different technologies that have transformed over the years has been performed on three notable skyscrapers: the Empire State Building (1931 completion), the World Trade Center (1971 completion), and One World Trade Center (late 2013 projected completion). All buildings are located in New York City, New York and were constructed at relatively equal intervals throughout time, from each other. A building can be broken down into different elements and for this analysis; five specific components were investigated. They were the podium, also known as the foundation and floors, the load-bearing members of the structure, or frame, the veneer or curtain wall system, the interior finishes of the building and any machinery involved with the buildings functional usage. All three buildings incorporate all five of these components in their design, but there are distinctions as to how the percentages of importance of each changed as the evolution and knowledge of technology progressed throughout time. This study has addressed the different methods each building used to achieve a technological cutting edge of their respective periods of time of construction, within the scope of the five main building components.

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Brittle, John P. "Passive system integration for office buildings in hot climates." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2017. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/23912.

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Passive ventilation and cooling systems can offer energy savings when combined into a mechanical ventilation and cooling strategy for office buildings. At early design stages, it is difficult to predict actual energy savings as current design and calculation tools are limited and do not allow assessment for energy reductions when attempting to use typical passive options such as solar chimneys, rain screen facades, ventilated double facades, passive downdraught evaporative cooling and earth ducts. The only passive systems that are directly incumbent to dynamic thermal modelling software are natural ventilation and external solar shading. Currently, impacts of passive systems on annual building energy performance is unclear and lacks clarity. In hot climates, this is even more problematic as buildings need to endure higher external temperatures and solar irradiation. Understanding minimal energy performance reductions for each passive system can aid with design decisions regarding building ventilation and cooling strategies. The aim of this study is to investigate how existing passive ventilation and cooling system design and operational strategies can be improved to reduce mechanical ventilation and cooling energy consumption for commercial buildings in hot climates. Theoretical commercial building models are created using dynamic thermal simulation software to determine minimum mechanical ventilation and cooling energy values, which are verified against published bench marks, known as base case models. These base case models are simulated using weather data from four different hot climates (Egypt, Portugal, Kenya and Abu Dhabi). Impacts of passive system energy performance are afforded by using either dynamic thermal simulation or fundamental steady state analysis identifying approximate passive ventilation and cooling potentials for reducing mechanical energy. These percentage reductions are created based upon passive system parameters and weather data, using appropriate methodology. From these findings new simplified design guidelines, integration strategies and performance design tools are created including a new passive system energy assessment tool (PSEAT) using Microsoft Excel platform to ensure that a wider audience can be achieved in industry. The design guidance and integration strategies are developed and simplified to enable architects, building services engineers and alike, to apply with speed and accuracy influencing the design process and improve confidence in desired passive solution.

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Kantola, Dunja. "Socially Sustainable Office Buildings - A better business for everyone." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-416343.

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Buildings account for 39 per cent of the global greenhouse gas emissions, therefore the way buildings are constructed and utilized plays an important role in the transition to a sustainable future. Environmental Certification Systems (ECS) functions as a catalysator for sustainable solutions within the building industry and is seen as a hygiene factor for property owners today. The market offers numerous environmental certifications for buildings to choose from, and Swedish property owners are frequently users of them. However, most of the environmental certification systems does not cover the social aspects of sustainability that directly include human health and wellbeing in the building. This has led to the creation of the sustainability certification WELL Building Standard – a global certification system for buildings that exclusively addresses the users in the building, in terms of health and wellbeing. There are currently 298 WELL-certified projects around the world, and in Sweden there are six property companies that have registered different project for the certification. Due to the Swedish property owners’ relatively modest efforts regarding the social sustainability work, this paper explores what the drivers is for these six companies into working with a WELL-certification. By exploring that, this study aims to contribute to the understanding on what can drive the willingness of corporations to invest in sustainability certifications in general, and in what ways a WELL-certification can fill a potential gap in the Swedish property market. The findings reveal that a WELL-certification has a unique selling point due to its human-centred approach. It can be a beneficial tool, both for property companies, who may attract new clients, as well as for the tenants that are renting their space, in terms of increasing their own employer brand and corporate reputation. According to Herzberg’s two-factor theory, this human centred approach can be used as motivation factor for the property owners, rather than a hygiene factor. The findings also reveal that there is a need in society for addressing health issues, due to the increasing numbers of sick leave in Sweden the past years. Furthermore, the study reveals that there have been a “competence gap” in the built environment for addressing this kind of issues and that a WELL-certification is therefore helpful in addressing areas of the built environment that the property owners never have thought of before.

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Oduyemi, Olufolahan Ifeoluwa. "Life cycle costing methodology for sustainable commerical office buildings." Thesis, University of Derby, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10545/581569.

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The need for a more authoritative approach to investment decision-making and cost control has been a requirement of office spending for many years now. The commercial offices find itself in an increasingly demanding position to allocate its budgets as wisely and prudently as possible. The significant percentage of total spending on buildings demands a more accurate and adaptable method of achieving quality of service within the constraints on the budgets. By adoption of life cycle costing techniques with risk management, practitioners have the ability to make accurate forecasts of likely future running costs. This thesis presents a novel framework (Artificial Neural Networks and probabilistic simulations) for modelling of operating and maintenance historical costs as well as economic performance measures of LCC. The methodology consisted of eight steps and presented a novel approach to modelling the LCC of operating and maintenance costs of two sustainable commercial office buildings. Finally, a set of performance measurement indicators were utilised to draw inference from these results. Therefore, the contribution that this research aimed to achieve was to develop a dynamic LCC framework for sustainable commercial office buildings, and by means of two existing buildings, demonstrate how assumption modelling can be utilised within a probabilistic environment. In this research, the key themes of risk assessment, probabilistic assumption modelling and stochastic assessment of LCC has been addressed. Significant improvements in existing LCC models have been achieved in this research in an attempt to make the LCC model more accurate and meaningful to estate managers and high-level capital investment decision makers A new approach to modelling historical costs and forecasting these costs in sustainable commercial office buildings is presented based upon a combination of ANN methods and stochastic modelling of the annual forecasted data. These models provide a far more accurate representation of long-term building costs as the inherent risk associated with the forecasts is easily quantifiable and the forecasts are based on a sounder approach to forecasting than what was previously used in the commercial sector. A novel framework for modelling the facilities management costs in two sustainable commercial office buildings is also presented. This is not only useful for modelling the LCC of existing commercial office buildings as presented here, but has wider implications for modelling LCC in competing option modelling in commercial office buildings. The processes of assumption modelling presented in this work can be modified easily to represent other types of commercial office buildings. Discussions with policy makers in the real estate industry revealed that concerns were held over how these building costs can be modelled given that available historical data represents wide spending and are not cost specific to commercial office buildings. Similarly, a pilot and main survey questionnaire was aimed at ascertaining current level of LCC application in sustainable construction; ranking drivers and barriers of sustainable commercial office buildings and determining the applications and limitations of LCC. The survey result showed that respondents strongly agreed that key performance indicators and economic performance measures need to be incorporated into LCC and that it is important to consider the initial, operating and maintenance costs of building when conducting LCC analysis, respondents disagreed that the current LCC techniques are suitable for calculating the whole costs of buildings but agreed that there is a low accuracy of historical cost data.

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McKinley, Alan D. (Alan Duncan) Carleton University Dissertation Engineering Electrical. "The characteristics of electronic communications traffic in office buildings." Ottawa, 1993.

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Pun, Kok-hing Ali. "The evolution of a strategic office centre in Tsuen Wan under the implications of PADS : the possibility of Tsuen Wan to become an office centre /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25940466.

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Ismail, Lokman Hakim. "An evaluation of bioclimatic high rise office buildings in a tropical climate : energy consumption and users' satisfaction in selected office buildings in Malaysia." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.491107.

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This research has been carried out with the aim to investigate how high rise office building design in tropical climate can contribute in reducing energy consumption while maintaining comfort. The main objective of this study is to compare the performance of a sample of bioclimatic high rise office blocks with that of conventional ones when situated in a tropical climate such as that in Malaysia. The research firstly reviewed all the characteristics of bioclimatic buildings in the Malaysian Peninsula particularly the traditional Malay house and the transformation through time. Secondly, the research studied some design planning and architecture of several high-rise office buildings principally the bioclimatic approaches. Thirdly, the claimed benefits of bioclimatic design approach for high rise office buildings were examined in the results of previously conducted research projects, dealing with energy consumption and design approaches which compares the bioclimatic and conventional high rise. The performance was measured according to a combination of technical and social criteria: direct observation on various architectural aspects, environmental measurement and users' perception of comfort and satisfaction with their working environment via questionnaires. The energy consumptions were compared based on the electricity bills recorded for at least a year period. The local building energy index is used as the benchmark to check whether there were real energy savings in the bioclimatic high rise office blocks or otherwise. The major finding of this work is that the occupants in bioclimatic high rise office buildings have a higher level of satisfaction with their working environment than those in conventional office blocks. There is evidence that bioclimatic high rise office buildings are energy efficient as the most recent bioclimatic high rise office building (Menara UMNO), has a lower energy index than the ASEAN standard and within the latest Malaysian Standard related to energy efficiency. In the past, high rise buildings have been perceived as inefficient users of energy, with the new bioclimatic design concept and technologies, there is no doubt that high rise office buildings in the future would be much better in design that provide better environment to the users and consume less energy.

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Liusman, Ervi. "Rental adjustment in the office market : empirical evidence from Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25940168.

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Ma, Chi-fai Jeff. "Hong Kong Mail Centre." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25948933.

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Moore, Thomas. "Qualitative and quantitative aspects of user controllable lighting systems." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2001. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250352.

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Wong, Sik-kin Simon, and 黃錫堅. "An analysis of the Hong Kong office property market." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31954820.

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Korolija, Ivan. "Heating, ventilating and air-conditioning system energy demand coupling with building loads for office buildings." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/5501.

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The UK building stock accounts for about half of all energy consumed in the UK. A large portion of the energy is consumed by nondomestic buildings. Offices and retail are the most energy intensive typologies within the nondomestic building sector, typically accounting for over 50% of the nondomestic buildings’ total energy consumption. Heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) systems are the largest energy end use in the nondomestic sector, with energy consumption close to 50% of total energy consumption. Different HVAC systems have different energy requirements when responding to the same building heating and cooling demands. On the other hand, building heating and cooling demands depend on various parameters such as building fabrics, glazing ratio, building form, occupancy pattern, and many others. HVAC system energy requirements and building energy demands can be determined by mathematical modelling. A widely accepted approach among building professionals is to use building energy simulation tools such as EnergyPlus, IES, DOE2, etc. which can analyse in detail building energy consumption. However, preparing and running simulations in such tools is usually very complicated, time consuming and costly. Their complexity has been identified as the biggest obstacle. Adequate alternatives to complex building energy simulation tools are regression models which can provide results in an easier and faster way. This research deals with the development of regression models that enable the selection of HVAC systems for office buildings. In addition, the models are able to predict annual heating, cooling and auxiliary energy requirements of different HVAC systems as a function of office building heating and cooling demands. For the first part of the data set development used for the regression analysis, a data set of office building simulation archetypes was developed. The four most typical built forms (open plan sidelit, cellular sidelit, artificially lit open plan and composite sidelit cellular around artificially lit open plan built form) were coupled with five types of building fabric and three levels of glazing ratio. Furthermore, two measures of reducing solar heat gains were considered as well as implementation of daylight control. Also, building orientation was included in the analysis. In total 3840 different office buildings were then further coupled with five different HVAC systems: variable air volume system; constant air volume system; fan coil system with dedicated air; chilled ceiling system with embedded pipes, dedicated air and radiator heating; and chilled ceiling system with exposed aluminium panels, dedicated air and radiator heating. The total number of models simulated in EnergyPlus, in order to develop the input database for regression analysis, was 23,040. The results clearly indicate that it is possible to form a reliable judgement about each different HVAC system’s heating, cooling and auxiliary energy requirements based only on office building heating and cooling demands. High coefficients of determination of the proposed regression models show that HVAC system requirements can be predicted with high accuracy. The lowest coefficient of determination among cooling regression models was 0.94 in the case of the CAV system. HVAC system heating energy requirement regression models had a coefficient of determination above 0.96. The auxiliary energy requirement models had a coefficient of determination above 0.95, except in the case of chilled ceiling systems where the coefficient of determination was around 0.87. This research demonstrates that simplified regression models can be used to provide design decisions for the office building HVAC systems studied. Such models allow more rapid determination of HVAC systems energy requirements without the need for time-consuming (hence expensive) reconfigurations and runs of the simulation program.

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Lai, Yuen-kwan, and 黎婉筠. "A comparative study of tenant mix between shopping centres in residential buildings and office buildings." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45009363.

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Lai, Yuen-kwan. "A comparative study of tenant mix between shopping centres in residential buildings and office buildings /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B40988442.

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Liu, Mei-fong, and 廖美芳. "A study of office decentralization in Sha Tin New Town." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1992. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31258049.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Office buildings'

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