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Journal articles on the topic 'Oenocyte'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 July 2024

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1

Elstob, P. R., V. Brodu, and A. P. Gould. "spalt-dependent switching between two cell fates that are induced by the Drosophila EGF receptor." Development 128, no. 5 (March 1, 2001): 723–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.128.5.723.

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Signaling from the EGF receptor (EGFR) can trigger the differentiation of a wide variety of cell types in many animal species. We have explored the mechanisms that generate this diversity using the Drosophila peripheral nervous system. In this context, Spitz (SPI) ligand can induce two alternative cell fates from the dorsolateral ectoderm: chordotonal sensory organs and non-neural oenocytes. We show that the overall number of both cell types that are induced is controlled by the degree of EGFR signaling. In addition, the spalt (sal) gene is identified as a critical component of the oenocyte/chordotonal fate switch. Genetic and expression analyses indicate that the SAL zinc-finger protein promotes oenocyte formation and supresses chordotonal organ induction by acting both downstream and in parallel to the EGFR. To explain these findings, we propose a prime-and-respond model. Here, sal functions prior to signaling as a necessary but not sufficient component of the oenocyte prepattern that also serves to raise the apparent threshold for induction by SPI. Subsequently, sal-dependent SAL upregulation is triggered as part of the oenocyte-specific EGFR response. Thus, a combination of SAL in the responding nucleus and increased SPI ligand production sets the binary cell-fate switch in favour of oenocytes. Together, these studies help to explain how one generic signaling pathway can trigger the differentiation of two distinct cell types.

2

Poidevin, Mickael, Nicolas Mazuras, Gwénaëlle Bontonou, Pierre Delamotte, Béatrice Denis, Maëlle Devilliers, Perla Akiki, et al. "A fatty acid anabolic pathway in specialized-cells sustains a remote signal that controls egg activation in Drosophila." PLOS Genetics 20, no. 3 (March 14, 2024): e1011186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1011186.

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Egg activation, representing the critical oocyte-to-embryo transition, provokes meiosis completion, modification of the vitelline membrane to prevent polyspermy, and translation of maternally provided mRNAs. This transition is triggered by a calcium signal induced by spermatozoon fertilization in most animal species, but not in insects. In Drosophila melanogaster, mature oocytes remain arrested at metaphase-I of meiosis and the calcium-dependent activation occurs while the oocyte moves through the genital tract. Here, we discovered that the oenocytes of fruitfly females are required for egg activation. Oenocytes, cells specialized in lipid-metabolism, are located beneath the abdominal cuticle. In adult flies, they synthesize the fatty acids (FAs) that are the precursors of cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs), including pheromones. The oenocyte-targeted knockdown of a set of FA-anabolic enzymes, involved in very-long-chain fatty acid (VLCFA) synthesis, leads to a defect in egg activation. Given that some but not all of the identified enzymes are required for CHC/pheromone biogenesis, this putative VLCFA-dependent remote control may rely on an as-yet unidentified CHC or may function in parallel to CHC biogenesis. Additionally, we discovered that the most posterior ventral oenocyte cluster is in close proximity to the uterus. Since oocytes dissected from females deficient in this FA-anabolic pathway can be activated in vitro, this regulatory loop likely operates upstream of the calcium trigger. To our knowledge, our findings provide the first evidence that a physiological extra-genital signal remotely controls egg activation. Moreover, our study highlights a potential metabolic link between pheromone-mediated partner recognition and egg activation.

3

Zara, F. J., and F. H. Caetano. "Ultramorphology and histochemistry of fat body cells from last Instar larval of the Pachycondyla (=Neoponera) villosa (Fabricius) (Formicidae: Ponerinae)." Brazilian Journal of Biology 64, no. 3b (August 2004): 725–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842004000400022.

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The fat body cells of Pachycondyla (=Neoponera) villosa are disposed in a single layer between the cuticle and the digestive tract, forming a group of cells enclosed by a thin membrane. Histological studies have revealed three different cellular types: trophocyte (more abundant), urate, (located among the trophocytes), and oenocyte (the scarcest), usually observed laying near the cuticle. Histochemically, the trophocytes showed a positive reaction for basic proteins in the nucleus and cytoplasm, as well as a strong positive reaction in the cytoplasmic granules. The test for carbohydrates showed a strong positive reaction throughout the cytoplasm, while the test for lipids was positive for the cytoplasmic vesicles. The urate cells showed a positive reaction for basic proteins in the nucleus and in the areas of the cytoplasm surrounding the vesicles. These cells did not react to the PAS test or to Sudan Black B. The oenocytes showed a weak positive reaction to PAS and a strong positive reaction to Sudan Black B and Mercuric-bromophenol Blue.

4

Burns, Kevin A., Lisa M. Gutzwiller, Yoshinori Tomoyasu, and Brian Gebelein. "Oenocyte development in the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum." Development Genes and Evolution 222, no. 2 (March 3, 2012): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00427-012-0390-z.

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5

Brodu, Véronique, Philip R. Elstob, and Alex P. Gould. "abdominal A specifies one cell type in Drosophila by regulating one principal target gene." Development 129, no. 12 (June 15, 2002): 2957–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.129.12.2957.

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The Hox/homeotic genes encode transcription factors that generate segmental diversity during Drosophila development. At the level of the whole animal, they are believed to carry out this role by regulating a large number of downstream genes. Here we address the unresolved issue of how many Hox target genes are sufficient to define the identity of a single cell. We focus on the larval oenocyte, which is restricted to the abdomen and induced in response to a non-cell autonomous, transient and highly selective input from abdominal A (abdA). We use Hox mutant rescue assays to demonstrate that this function of abdA can be reconstituted by providing Rhomboid (Rho), a processing factor for the EGF receptor ligand, secreted Spitz. Thus, in order to make an oenocyte, abdA regulates just one principal target, rho, that acts at the top of a complex hierarchy of cell-differentiation genes. These studies strongly suggest that, in at least some contexts, Hox genes directly control only a few functional targets within each nucleus. This raises the possibility that much of the overall Hox downstream complexity results from cascades of indirect regulation and cell-to-cell heterogeneity.

6

Cinnamon, Einat, Rami Makki, Annick Sawala, Leah P. Wickenberg, Gary J. Blomquist, Claus Tittiger, Ze'ev Paroush, and Alex P. Gould. "Drosophila Spidey/Kar Regulates Oenocyte Growth via PI3-Kinase Signaling." PLOS Genetics 12, no. 8 (August 8, 2016): e1006154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1006154.

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7

Jaremek, Milena, Krzysztof Olszewski, Jacek Chobotow, and Aneta Strachecka. "The Morphological Image of Fat Body and Tergal Gland Cells in Uninseminated Apis mellifera Queen Bees." Insects 15, no. 4 (April 3, 2024): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects15040244.

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The morphological changes in fat body cells, tergal gland cells, and the surface areas of the cell nuclei were determined in queen bees of the subspecies Apis mellifera carnica. This study focused on 1-, 8-, and 20-day-old uninseminated females kept in colonies, analyzing cells from three locations in the abdomen: the sternite, and tergites III and V. The oenocytes in the sternites were large, oval/circular with a centrally located nucleus, while in tergites III and V, they were small and triangular in the 1-day-old queens. During the first week of life, these cells in tergites III and V change their shape to oval and increase their sizes. The initially light yellow and then dark yellow granularities in the oenocytes of the fat body appear along with the advancing age of the queens. The trophocytes (sternites, tergites III and V) in the 1-day-old queens were completely filled with droplets of different sizes. In the 8- and 20-day-old queens, the number and size of the droplets decreased in the trophocytes of tergites III and V. The tergal gland cells had a centrally located cell nucleus in the 1-, 8- and 20-day-old queens. The dark granularities in these cells were visible only in the 20-day-old queens. Different morphological images of the fat body at the sternite, and tergites III and V, and the difference in the size of the oenocyte cell nuclei may indicate various functions of the fat body depending on its location. Characterization of the changes in the morphology of the fat body, taking into account its segmental character, and the tergal glands requires further research in older queens, e.g., one-year-old, brooding queens.

8

Chiang, Yin Ning, Kah Junn Tan, Henry Chung, Oksana Lavrynenko, Andrej Shevchenko, and Joanne Y. Yew. "Steroid Hormone Signaling Is Essential for Pheromone Production and Oenocyte Survival." PLOS Genetics 12, no. 6 (June 22, 2016): e1006126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1006126.

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9

Certel, K., M. G. Anderson, R. J. Shrigley, and W. A. Johnson. "Distinct variant DNA-binding sites determine cell-specific autoregulated expression of the Drosophila POU domain transcription factor drifter in midline glia or trachea." Molecular and Cellular Biology 16, no. 4 (April 1996): 1813–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.16.4.1813.

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Transcriptional regulators utilizing the POU domain DNA-binding motif have been shown to form multi-protein complexes dependent on the POU domain itself and its flexible recognition of various octamer sequence elements. We have identified two variant POU domain recognition elements DFRE1 and DFRE2, which are found within a 514-bp autoregulatory enhancer of the Drosophila melanogaster POU domain gene drifter (dfr). Both elements are capable of binding bacterially produced full-length DFR protein with high affinity, although they differ in the 5'-to-3' orientation of POU-specific and POU homeodomain subelements. When placed in dfr loss-of-function genetic backgrounds, all expression of dfr-lacZ fusion genes under control of the autoregulatory enhancer is dependent on DFR activity levels. However, the complete enhancer sequence directs beta-galactosidase expression in only a subset of cells which normally express the endogenous DFR protein, including the middle pair of midline glias of the ventral nerve cord, the oenocyte clusters, and all tracheal cells. In addition, DFRE1 and DFRE2 exhibit separable tissue-specific functions when independently disrupted or deleted. Disruption of DFRE1 function specifically abolishes beta-galactosidase expression in the middle pair of midline glias. Deletion of DFRE causes a specific loss of tracheal expression, leaving oenocyte and midline glia expression intact. These results suggest that dfr cell-specific autoregulation is determined by the context of DFR POU domain binding within the enhancer, which is possibly mediated by the formation of recognition element-specific heteromultimeric complexes containing additional tissue-specific factors.

10

Dweck, Hany K. M., Shimaa A. M. Ebrahim, Michael Thoma, Ahmed A. M. Mohamed, Ian W. Keesey, Federica Trona, Sofia Lavista-Llanos, et al. "Pheromones mediating copulation and attraction in Drosophila." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 21 (May 11, 2015): E2829—E2835. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1504527112.

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Intraspecific olfactory signals known as pheromones play important roles in insect mating systems. In the model Drosophila melanogaster, a key part of the pheromone-detecting system has remained enigmatic through many years of research in terms of both its behavioral significance and its activating ligands. Here we show that Or47b-and Or88a-expressing olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) detect the fly-produced odorants methyl laurate (ML), methyl myristate, and methyl palmitate. Fruitless (fruM)-positive Or47b-expressing OSNs detect ML exclusively, and Or47b- and Or47b-expressing OSNs are required for optimal male copulation behavior. In addition, activation of Or47b-expressing OSNs in the male is sufficient to provide a competitive mating advantage. We further find that the vigorous male courtship displayed toward oenocyte-less flies is attributed to an oenocyte-independent sustained production of the Or47b ligand, ML. In addition, we reveal that Or88a-expressing OSNs respond to all three compounds, and that these neurons are necessary and sufficient for attraction behavior in both males and females. Beyond the OSN level, information regarding the three fly odorants is transferred from the antennal lobe to higher brain centers in two dedicated neural lines. Finally, we find that both Or47b- and Or88a-based systems and their ligands are remarkably conserved over a number of drosophilid species. Taken together, our results close a significant gap in the understanding of the olfactory background to Drosophila mating and attraction behavior; while reproductive isolation barriers between species are created mainly by species-specific signals, the mating enhancing signal in several Drosophila species is conserved.

11

Ma, Luo, and B. J. R. Philogène. "Oenocyte and prothoracic gland activity inManduca sexta under varying photoperiod and light conditions." Experientia 41, no. 7 (July 1985): 935–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01970021.

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12

Marriel, Nadja Biondine, Hudson Vaner Ventura Tomé, Raul Carvalho Narciso Guedes, and Gustavo Ferreira Martins. "Deltamethrin-mediated survival, behavior, and oenocyte morphology of insecticide-susceptible and resistant yellow fever mosquitos (Aedes aegypti)." Acta Tropica 158 (June 2016): 88–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.02.021.

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13

Kim, Minhee, Olivia Y. Du, Rachael J. Whitney, Ronit Wilk, Jack Hu, Henry M. Krause, Joshua Kavaler, and Bruce H. Reed. "A Functional Analysis of the Drosophila Gene hindsight: Evidence for Positive Regulation of EGFR Signaling." G3: Genes|Genomes|Genetics 10, no. 1 (October 24, 2019): 117–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/g3.119.400829.

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We have investigated the relationship between the function of the gene hindsight (hnt), which is the Drosophila homolog of Ras Responsive Element Binding protein-1 (RREB-1), and the EGFR signaling pathway. We report that hnt mutant embryos are defective in EGFR signaling dependent processes, namely chordotonal organ recruitment and oenocyte specification. We also show the temperature sensitive hypomorphic allele hntpebbled is enhanced by the hypomorphic MAPK allele rolled (rl1). We find that hnt overexpression results in ectopic DPax2 expression within the embryonic peripheral nervous system, and we show that this effect is EGFR-dependent. Finally, we show that the canonical U-shaped embryonic lethal phenotype of hnt, which is associated with premature degeneration of the extraembyonic amnioserosa and a failure in germ band retraction, is rescued by expression of several components of the EGFR signaling pathway (sSpi, Ras85DV12, pntP1) as well as the caspase inhibitor p35. Based on this collection of corroborating evidence, we suggest that an overarching function of hnt involves the positive regulation of EGFR signaling.

14

M, BALAVENKATASUBBAIAH, and NATARAJU B. "Hemocyte Changes During the Progressive Infection of Beauveria bassiana in Different Breeds of Silkworm (Bombyx mori L.)." Madras Agricultural Journal 92, september (2005): 431–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.a01339.

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The immune system in insects involves in clearing the haemolymph of foreign pathogens by haemocytes and humoral factor. They can accomplish this in a couple of different ways. One is a cellular mediated response by physically clearing the haemolymph by phagocytosis, nodulation and encapsulation and the other is by humoral secretion of proteins. Pathogenic infection in silkworm, Bombyx mori L. is common and there is a possibility of differential response by haemocytes in different breeds to microbial infection. Hence, the differential response in the form of difference in Total haemocyte count (THC) and Differential haemocyte count (DHC) in susceptible and tolerant breeds were investigated under normal and Beauveria bassiana invasion conditions. Under normal condition, there was a gradual increase in THC as the age of the silkworm increases and high THC was recorded in Nistari, PM and NB4D2 (tolerant breeds) compared to susceptible breeds (NB7, NB18 and KA). There was a gradual increase in THC, gradual decrease in prohaemocyte and oenocyte counts and increase in plasmatocyte and granulocyte counts during the progressive infection by Beauveria bassiana.

15

Römer, Franz, and Hans-Ulrich Bressel. "Secretion and Metabolism of Ecdysteroids by Oenocyte-Fat Body Complexes (OEFC) in Adult Males of Gryllus bimaculatus DEG (Insecta)." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 49, no. 11-12 (December 1, 1994): 871–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1994-11-1224.

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Extracts of whole adult males of Gryllus bimaculatus show distinct maxima of free ecdysteroids on the 8th, 12th and 14th day after imaginal moult at a breeding temperature of 25 °C. Isolated OEFC of 11 days old males secrete in vitro free as well as conjugated ecdysteroids, although the latter predominate. The bulk of free ecdysteroids seem s to consist of E and 20 E according to their retention times in two HPLC systems. Apart from the polar ones, apolar m etabolites appear during incubation. By esterase the apolar metabolites are mostly split into polar ones, partly into 20 E and E. Further treatment of the polar metabolites with helicase leads again to E and 20 E. OEFC transform [3H]E preferably into apolar and polar conjugates, with dominance of the apolar ones at the beginning and of polar ones in the further course of incubation. Only a small quantity of free 20 E is found during this experiment, but it can be produced in significant quantities by splitting the polar conjugates. N o conversion of [3H]cholesterol into [3H]ecdysteroids could be detected.

16

Inoue, Lais V. B., Caio E. C. Domingues, Aleš Gregorc, Elaine C. M. Silva-Zacarin, and Osmar Malaspina. "Harmful Effects of Pyraclostrobin on the Fat Body and Pericardial Cells of Foragers of Africanized Honey Bee." Toxics 10, no. 9 (September 9, 2022): 530. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics10090530.

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Managed honey bees are daily exposed in agricultural settings or wild environments to multiple stressors. Currently, fungicide residues are increasingly present in bees’ pollen and nectar and can harm colonies’ production and survival. Therefore, our study aimed to evaluate the effects of the fungicide pyraclostrobin on the fat body and pericardial cells of Africanized honey bees. The foragers were divided into three experimental treatment groups and two controls: pyraclostrobin 0.125 ng/µL (FG1), 0.025 ng/µL (FG2), 0.005 ng/µL (FG3), untreated control (CTL), and acetone control (CAC). After five days of oral exposure (ad libitum), the bees were dissected and prepared for histopathological and morphometric analysis. The FG1-treated bees showed extensive cytoarchitecture changes in the fat body and pericardial cells, inducing cell death. Bees from the FG2 group showed disarranged oenocytes, peripheral vacuolization, and pyknotic nuclei of pericardial cells, but the cytoarchitecture was not compromised as observed in FG1. Additionally, immune system cells were observed through the fat body in the FG1 group. Bees exposed to FG3 demonstrated only oenocytes vacuolization. A significant decrease in the oenocyte’s surface area for bees exposed to all pyraclostrobin concentrations was observed compared to the CTL and CAC groups. The bees from the FG1 and FG2 treatment groups presented a reduced surface area of pericardial cells compared to the controls and the FG3 group. This study highlighted the harmful effects of fungicide pyraclostrobin concentrations at the individual bee cellular level, potentially harming the colony level on continuous exposure.

17

Roma, Gislaine, Odair Bueno, and Maria Camargo-Mathias. "Ultrastructural analysis of the fat body in workers of Attini ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." Animal Biology 59, no. 2 (2009): 241–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157075609x437745.

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AbstractIn the present study a comparative morphological analysis of the fat body cells of ant workers of the basal Attini species Cyphomyrmex rimosus and Mycetarotes parallelus, and the derived species Acromyrmex disciger and Atta laevigata was conducted. The results revealed that the fat body is located mainly in the abdomen around organs (perivisceral) and near the integument (parietal). The main cells observed are spherical or polygonal trophocytes with a slightly rough surface. The oenocytes, another cell type found, are closely associated with trophocytes, and present a spherical or polygonal shape and a smoother surface. The morphometric analysis showed that the area of trophocytes and oenocytes of C. rimosus and M. parallelus is significantly smaller when compared to those of A. disciger and A. laevigata. In the cytoplasm of parietal and perivisceral trophocytes and oenocytes, electronlucent droplets (probably lipids) and electrondense granules (probably proteins) indicate the participation of these cells in the storage of these elements, while digestive vacuoles, residual bodies, and multivesicular bodies suggest a role in intracellular digestion. In perivisceral trophocytes and oenocytes of C. rimosus, the presence of mitochondria, lamellar rough endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi complex suggests that these cells synthesize proteins. Based on these data, no significant differences were observed between the fat body cells of basal and derived ants, except regarding the larger size of trophocytes and oenocytes of the derived species A. disciger and A. laevigata.

18

Wells, William A. "The oenocytes went 3 by 3." Journal of Cell Biology 168, no. 1 (December 28, 2004): 10–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb1681rr2.

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19

Makki, Rami, Einat Cinnamon, and Alex P. Gould. "The Development and Functions of Oenocytes." Annual Review of Entomology 59, no. 1 (January 7, 2014): 405–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-011613-162056.

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20

Reshetnyak, D. Ye. "МОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ИЗМЕНЧИВОСТЬ ГЕМОЦИТОВ HARPALUS RUFIPES (COLEOPTERA, CARABIDAE) ПРИ ПИТАНИИ КОРМАМИ РАСТИТЕЛЬНОГО И ЖИВОТНОГО ПРОИСХОЖДЕНИЯ." Biological Bulletin of Bogdan Chmelnitskiy Melitopol State Pedagogical University 5, no. 01 (April 30, 2015): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/2015010.

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<p>The study of morphological variability <em>Harpalus rufipes</em> (De Geer) hemocytes was carried out. <em>Harpalus</em> <em>rufipes</em> (De Geer) is a field polyzonal species found almost throughout the temperate zone of Eurasia and North America. Structure of the population of hemocytes was studied. We identified seven types of cells: adipohemocytes, granulocytes, plasmatocytes, prohaemocytes, shperulocytes, cystocytes, and oenocytes. The effect of different plant and animal diets on linear dimensions of hemocytes and their nuclei was studied. In all samples the shperulocytes and oenocytes had the largest size; theirs large and small diameter were 18.14 ± 6.51 and 15.85 ± 5.03 µm, 17.08 ± 2.93 and 14.43 ± 2.16 µm respectively. Prohaemocytes were the smallest: 10.95 ± 2.11 and 9.59 ± 1.85 µm. Linear dimensions N<sub>1</sub> and N<sub>2</sub> of oenocytes, cystocytes and shperulocytes were 8.83 ± 3.13 and 6.81 ± 1.64, 8.70 ± 2.42 and 6.34 ± 1.99, 8.41 ± 3.15 and 6.71 ± 2.25 µm respectively. Among four sunflower feeding the largest size were registered for adipohemocytes, prohaemocytes, shperulocytes and oenocytes. Maximum sizes of granulocytes, plasmatocytes and cystocytes were fixed during millet and wheat feeding. The chemical composition of food intake had different effects on certain types of hemocytes, leading to increase or decrease in their size. Among six animal feeding we registered the largest size for adipohemocytes, plasmatocytes, cystocytes, and oenocytes towards Sarcophagidae sp. larvae. In all samples the largest size had shperulocytes and oenocytes. The hemocytes of imago changed their sizes insignificantly regards plant or animal food, which testifies a physiological adaptation of beetle feeding towards food items.</p> <p><em>Key words: morphological variability, hemocytes, Harplus rufipes, feeding.</em></p><p> </p><p><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.7905/bbmspu.v5i1.969"><strong>http</strong><strong>://</strong><strong>dx</strong><strong>.</strong><strong>doi</strong><strong>.</strong><strong>org</strong><strong>/10.7905/</strong><strong>bbmspu</strong><strong>.</strong><strong>v</strong><strong>5</strong><strong>i</strong><strong>1.969</strong></a><strong> </strong></p><p><em><br /></em></p>

21

Symonová, Radka, and Jaroslav Smrž. "First Record of Hemocytes and Oenocytes in Freshwater Ostracodes." Journal of Crustacean Biology 29, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1651/08-3003.1.

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22

Rusten, T. E., R. Cantera, J. Urban, G. Technau, F. C. Kafatos, and R. Barrio. "Spalt modifies EGFR-mediated induction of chordotonal precursors in the embryonic PNS of Drosophila promoting the development of oenocytes." Development 128, no. 5 (March 1, 2001): 711–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.128.5.711.

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Genes of the spalt family encode nuclear zinc finger proteins. In Drosophila melanogaster, they are necessary for the establishment of head/trunk identity, correct tracheal migration and patterning of the wing imaginal disc. Spalt proteins display a predominant pattern of expression in the nervous system, not only in Drosophila but also in species of fish, mouse, frog and human, suggesting an evolutionarily conserved role for these proteins in nervous system development. Here we show that Spalt works as a cell fate switch between two EGFR-induced cell types, the oenocytes and the precursors of the pentascolopodial organ in the embryonic peripheral nervous system. We show that removal of spalt increases the number of scolopodia, as a result of extra secondary recruitment of precursor cells at the expense of the oenocytes. In addition, the absence of spalt causes defects in the normal migration of the pentascolopodial organ. The dual function of spalt in the development of this organ, recruitment of precursors and migration, is reminiscent of its role in tracheal formation and of the role of a spalt homologue, sem-4, in the Caenorhabditis elegans nervous system.

23

Hebbar, Sarita, Avinash Khandelwal, R. Jayashree, Samantha J. Hindle, Yin Ning Chiang, Joanne Y. Yew, Sean T. Sweeney, and Dominik Schwudke. "Lipid metabolic perturbation is an early-onset phenotype in adult spinster mutants: a Drosophila model for lysosomal storage disorders." Molecular Biology of the Cell 28, no. 26 (December 15, 2017): 3728–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e16-09-0674.

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Intracellular accumulation of lipids and swollen dysfunctional lysosomes are linked to several neurodegenerative diseases, including lysosomal storage disorders (LSD). Detailed characterization of lipid metabolic changes in relation to the onset and progression of neurodegeneration is currently missing. We systematically analyzed lipid perturbations in spinster (spin) mutants, a Drosophila model of LSD-like neurodegeneration. Our results highlight an imbalance in brain ceramide and sphingosine in the early stages of neurodegeneration, preceding the accumulation of endomembranous structures, manifestation of altered behavior, and buildup of lipofuscin. Manipulating levels of ceramidase and altering these lipids in spin mutants allowed us to conclude that ceramide homeostasis is the driving force in disease progression and is integral to spin function in the adult nervous system. We identified 29 novel physical interaction partners of Spin and focused on the lipid carrier protein, Lipophorin (Lpp). A subset of Lpp and Spin colocalize in the brain and within organs specialized for lipid metabolism (fat bodies and oenocytes). Reduced Lpp protein was observed in spin mutant tissues. Finally, increased levels of lipid metabolites produced by oenocytes in spin mutants allude to a functional interaction between Spin and Lpp, underscoring the systemic nature of lipid perturbation in LSD.

24

Martins, Gustavo Ferreira, José Marcelo Ramalho-Ortigão, Neil Francis Lobo, David William Severson, Mary Ann McDowell, and Paulo Filemon Paolucci Pimenta. "Insights into the transcriptome of oenocytes from Aedes aegypti pupae." Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 106, no. 3 (May 2011): 308–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0074-02762011000300009.

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25

Wicker-Thomas, Claude, Ilhem Guenachi, and Youssouf F. Keita. "Contribution of oenocytes and pheromones to courtship behaviour in Drosophila." BMC Biochemistry 10, no. 1 (2009): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2091-10-21.

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26

Strachecka, Aneta, Paweł Migdał, Karolina Kuszewska, Patrycja Skowronek, Marcin Grabowski, Jerzy Paleolog, and Michał Woyciechowski. "Humoral and Cellular Defense Mechanisms in Rebel Workers of Apis mellifera." Biology 10, no. 11 (November 6, 2021): 1146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10111146.

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Abstract:

The physiological state of an insect depends on efficiently functioning immune mechanisms such as cellular and humoral defenses. However, compounds participating in these mechanisms also regulate reproductive caste formation and are responsible for reproductive division of labor as well as for labor division in sterile workers. Divergent reaction of the same genotype yielding reproductive queens and worker castes led to shaping of the physiological and behavioral plasticity of sterile or reproductive workers. Rebels that can lay eggs while maintaining tasks inside and outside the colony exhibit both queen and worker traits. So, we expected that the phagocytic index, JH3 titer, and Vg concentration would be higher in rebels than in normal workers and would increase with their age. We also assumed that the numbers of oenocytes and their sizes would be greater in rebels than in normal workers. The rebels and the normal workers were collected at the age of 1, 7, 14, and 21 days, respectively. Hemolymph and fat bodies were collected for biochemical and morphological analyses. The high levels of JH, Vg, and the phagocytic index, as well as increased numbers and sizes of oenocytes in the fat body cells demonstrate the physiological and phenotypic adaptation of rebels to the eusocial life of honeybees.

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Martins, G. F., B. A. M. Guedes, L. M. Silva, J. E. Serrão, C. L. Fortes-Dias, J. M. Ramalho-Ortigão, and P. F. P. Pimenta. "Isolation, primary culture and morphological characterization of oenocytes from Aedes aegypti pupae." Tissue and Cell 43, no. 2 (April 2011): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tice.2010.12.003.

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28

GOULD, ALEX P., PHILIP R. ELSTOB, and VÉRONIQUE BRODU. "Insect oenocytes: a model system for studying cell-fate specification by Hox genes." Journal of Anatomy 199, no. 1-2 (July 2001): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-7580.2001.19910025.x.

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29

GOULD, ALEX P., PHILIP R. ELSTOB, and VÉRONIQUE BRODU. "Insect oenocytes: a model system for studying cell-fate specification by Hox genes." Journal of Anatomy 199, no. 1 (August 2001): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021878201008317.

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30

Jackson, A., and M. Locke. "The formation of plasma membrane reticular systems in the oenocytes of an insect." Tissue and Cell 21, no. 3 (January 1989): 463–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-8166(89)90059-1.

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31

Staiber, Wolfgang, and Irmgard Wech. "Isolation of Single Viable Polytene Cells from Larval Oenocytes of Acricotopus Iucidus(Diptera, Chironomidae)." CYTOLOGIA 56, no. 4 (1991): 567–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1508/cytologia.56.567.

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32

Tower, John, Gary Landis, Rebecca Gao, Albert Luan, Jonathan Lee, and Yuanyue Sun. "Variegated Expression of Hsp22 Transgenic Reporters Indicates Cell-specific Patterns of Aging in Drosophila Oenocytes." Journals of Gerontology: Series A 69A, no. 3 (May 30, 2013): 253–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glt078.

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33

Hsu, Chin-Yuan, and Cheng-Yen Lu. "Mitochondrial energy utilization maintains young status in the trophocytes and oenocytes of old queen honeybees." Apidologie 46, no. 5 (February 11, 2015): 583–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13592-015-0348-z.

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34

Rinterknecht, E. "Cuticulogenesis correlated with ultrastructural changes in oenocytes and epidermal cells in the late cockroach embryo." Tissue and Cell 17, no. 5 (January 1985): 723–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-8166(85)90007-2.

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35

Koto, Akiko, Naoto Motoyama, Hiroki Tahara, Sean McGregor, Minoru Moriyama, Takayoshi Okabe, Masayuki Miura, and Laurent Keller. "Oxytocin/vasopressin-like peptide inotocin regulates cuticular hydrocarbon synthesis and water balancing in ants." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 12 (March 6, 2019): 5597–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1817788116.

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Oxytocin/vasopressin-like peptides are important regulators of physiology and social behavior in vertebrates. However, the function of inotocin, the homologous peptide in arthropods, remains largely unknown. Here, we show that the level of expression of inotocin and inotocin receptor are correlated with task allocation in the antCamponotus fellah. Both genes are up-regulated when workers age and switch tasks from nursing to foraging. in situ hybridization revealed thatinotocin receptoris specifically expressed in oenocytes, which are specialized cells synthesizing cuticular hydrocarbons which function as desiccation barriers in insects and for social recognition in ants. dsRNA injection targetinginotocin receptor, together with pharmacological treatments using three identified antagonists blocking inotocin signaling, revealed that inotocin signaling regulates the expression ofcytochrome P450 4G1(CYP4G1) and the synthesis of cuticular hydrocarbons, which play an important role in desiccation resistance once workers initiate foraging.

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SAVARIT, FABRICE, and JEAN-FRANÇOIS FERVEUR. "Genetic study of the production of sexually dimorphic cuticular hydrocarbons in relation with the sex-determination gene transformer in Drosophila melanogaster." Genetical Research 79, no. 1 (February 2002): 23–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016672301005481.

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In Drosophila melanogaster, the main cuticular hydrocarbons (HCs) are some of the pheromones involved in mate discrimination. These are sexually dimorphic in both their occurrence and their effects. The production of predominant HCs has been measured in male and female progeny of 220 PGal4 lines mated with the feminising UAS-transformer transgenic strain. In 45 lines, XY flies were substantially or totally feminised for their HCs. Surprisingly, XX flies of 14 strains were partially masculinised. Several of the PGal4 enhancer-trap variants screened here seem to interact with sex determination mechanisms involved in the control of sexually dimorphic characters. We also found a good relationship between the degree of HC transformation and GAL4 expression in oenocytes. The fat body was also involved in the switch of sexually dimorphic cuticular hydrocarbons but its effect was different between the sexes.

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Wang, Guolun, Lisa Gutzwiller, David Li-Kroeger, and Brian Gebelein. "A Hox complex activates and potentiates the Epidermal Growth Factor signaling pathway to specify Drosophila oenocytes." PLOS Genetics 13, no. 7 (July 17, 2017): e1006910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1006910.

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38

Cousin, Marianne, Elaine Silva-Zacarin, André Kretzschmar, Mohamed El Maataoui, Jean-Luc Brunet, and Luc P. Belzunces. "Size Changes in Honey Bee Larvae Oenocytes Induced by Exposure to Paraquat at Very Low Concentrations." PLoS ONE 8, no. 5 (May 28, 2013): e65693. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0065693.

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39

Lycett, G. J., L. A. McLaughlin, H. Ranson, J. Hemingway, F. C. Kafatos, T. G. Loukeris, and M. J. I. Paine. "Anopheles gambiae P450 reductase is highly expressed in oenocytes and in vivo knockdown increases permethrin susceptibility." Insect Molecular Biology 15, no. 3 (June 2006): 321–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2583.2006.00647.x.

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Johnson, M. B., and F. M. Butterworth. "Maturation and aging of adult fat body and oenocytes inDrosophila as revealed by light microscopic morphometry." Journal of Morphology 184, no. 1 (April 1985): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051840106.

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41

Fan, Yongliang, Ludek Zurek, Michael J. Dykstra, and Coby Schal. "Hydrocarbon synthesis by enzymatically dissociated oenocytes of the abdominal integument of the German Cockroach, Blattella germanica." Naturwissenschaften 90, no. 3 (February 13, 2003): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00114-003-0402-y.

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42

Popescu, Mariana Cristina. "An oenochoe with Gnathia decoration in the National Museum of Transylvanian History." Acta Musei Napocensis 58 (December 12, 2021): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.54145/actamn.i.58.01.

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An oenochoe with Gnathia decoration, part of the collection of the National Museum of Transylvanian History is here published. Judging by its style, the vase is part of the Alexandria group. The vessels specific to this group are mainly produced in the workshops of Taranto, during the first half of the 3rd century BC. The vessel from the Cluj museum has characteristic ribbing arranged in two vertical registers, on the whole surface of the body and the decoration with stylised geometric and plant motifs, depicted on the neck and in the middle and upper area of the body.

43

Ruvolo, Maria Claudia Colla, and Carminda da Cruz Landim. "Morphologic and morphometric aspects of oenocytes of Apis mellifera queens and workers in different phases of life." Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 88, no. 3 (September 1993): 387–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0074-02761993000300007.

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44

Weaver, Lesley N., and Daniela Drummond-Barbosa. "The nuclear receptor seven up functions in adipocytes and oenocytes to control distinct steps of Drosophila oogenesis." Developmental Biology 456, no. 2 (December 2019): 179–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.08.015.

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45

LOPER, Gerald M. "INFLUENCE OF AGE ON THE FLUCTUATION OF IRON IN THE OENOCYTES OF HONEY BEE (APIS MELLIFERA) DRONES." Apidologie 16, no. 2 (1985): 181–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/apido:19850208.

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46

Blomquist, Gary J., and Matthew D. Ginzel. "Chemical Ecology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology of Insect Hydrocarbons." Annual Review of Entomology 66, no. 1 (January 7, 2021): 45–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-031620-071754.

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Abstract:

Insect cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) consist of complex mixtures of straight-chain alkanes and alkenes, and methyl-branched hydrocarbons. In addition to restricting water loss through the cuticle and preventing desiccation, they have secondarily evolved to serve a variety of functions in chemical communication and play critical roles as signals mediating the life histories of insects. In this review, we describe the physical properties of CHCs that allow for both waterproofing and signaling functions, summarize their roles as inter- and intraspecific chemical signals, and discuss the influences of diet and environment on CHC profiles. We also present advances in our understanding of hydrocarbon biosynthesis. Hydrocarbons are biosynthesized in oenocytes and transported to the cuticle by lipophorin proteins. Recent work on the synthesis of fatty acids and their ultimate reductive decarbonylation to hydrocarbons has taken advantage of powerful new tools of molecular biology, including genomics and RNA interference knockdown of specific genes, to provide new insights into the biosynthesis of hydrocarbons.

47

Moyetta, Natalia R., Fabián O. Ramos, Jimena Leyria, Lilián E. Canavoso, and Leonardo L. Fruttero. "Morphological and Ultrastructural Characterization of Hemocytes in an Insect Model, the Hematophagous Dipetalogaster maxima (Hemiptera: Reduviidae)." Insects 12, no. 7 (July 14, 2021): 640. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12070640.

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Hemocytes, the cells present in the hemolymph of insects and other invertebrates, perform several physiological functions, including innate immunity. The current classification of hemocyte types is based mostly on morphological features; however, divergences have emerged among specialists in triatomines, the insect vectors of Chagas’ disease (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). Here, we have combined technical approaches in order to characterize the hemocytes from fifth instar nymphs of the triatomine Dipetalogaster maxima. Moreover, in this work we describe, for the first time, the ultrastructural features of D. maxima hemocytes. Using phase contrast microscopy of fresh preparations, five hemocyte populations were identified and further characterized by immunofluorescence, flow cytometry and transmission electron microscopy. The plasmatocytes and the granulocytes were the most abundant cell types, although prohemocytes, adipohemocytes and oenocytes were also found. This work sheds light on a controversial aspect of triatomine cell biology and physiology setting the basis for future in-depth studies directed to address hemocyte classification using non-microscopy-based markers.

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Rogina, Blanka, Kavitha Kannan, Dushyant Mishra, Jacob Macro, Danielle Lesperance, Nichole Broderick, Shivani Padhi, and Aaron Rosenbloom-Snow. "The Effects of INDY on Fly Metabolism." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 737. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2622.

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Abstract The Indy (I’m not dead yet) gene encodes a plasma membrane citrate transporter in Drosophila. INDY reduction affects metabolism and extends longevity of flies and worms. In flies, INDY is predominantly expressed in the midgut, fat body and oenocytes, tissues with a key role in metabolism. We hypothesize that INDY reduction in the midgut regulates citrate levels leading to metabolic changes that preserve intestinal stem cell (ISC) homeostasis and slows aging by modifying Insulin/Insulin-like signaling (IIS), which is a key nutrient sensing pathway. Our second goal was to examine the role of JAK/STAT signaling pathway, which activates epithelial renewal in the gut, in response to aging-related stressors. We hypothesize that Indy reduction has effects on the microbiome, preventing bacterial overgrowth and altering community diversity, leading to extended longevity in a JAK/STAT-mediated fashion. Our data suggest that effects of Indy reduction is mediated by reduced IIS and JAK/STAT pathways

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Furtado, Waléria C. A., Dihego O. Azevedo, Gustavo F. Martins, José C. Zanuncio, and José Eduardo Serrão. "Histochemistry and Ultrastructure of Urocytes in the Pupae of the Stingless Bee Melipona quadrifasciata (Hymenoptera: Meliponini)." Microscopy and Microanalysis 19, no. 6 (September 9, 2013): 1502–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927613013445.

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AbstractThe main cell types of the adult bee fat body are trophocytes and oenocytes; however, in pupae of some newly emerged bees, trophocytes are modified into cells called urocytes, which possibly function as a substitute for Malpighian tubules during metamorphosis when larval tubules are not functional and/or storage of urate salts is required. This study evaluated the morphology of urocytes in the stingless bee Melipona quadrifasciata and the possibility of maintaining these cells in primary culture. The urocytes M. quadrifasciata are white spherical cells with an irregular surface as observed by stereomicroscopy. They may be found individually or in groups associated with tracheae. Urocytes have a single, small, and spherical nucleus and cytoplasm rich in neutral polysaccharides, lipid droplets, protein, and granules containing calcium and urate salts. Our findings suggest that urocytes play a role in storage of neutral polysaccharides and calcium in M. quadrifasciata pupae and that these cells can be cultured for 72 h.

50

Blomquist, Gary J., and Matthew D. Ginzel. "Chemical Ecology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology of Insect Hydrocarbons." Annual Review of Entomology 66, no. 1 (January 7, 2021): 45–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-031620-071754.

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Abstract:

Insect cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) consist of complex mixtures of straight-chain alkanes and alkenes, and methyl-branched hydrocarbons. In addition to restricting water loss through the cuticle and preventing desiccation, they have secondarily evolved to serve a variety of functions in chemical communication and play critical roles as signals mediating the life histories of insects. In this review, we describe the physical properties of CHCs that allow for both waterproofing and signaling functions, summarize their roles as inter- and intraspecific chemical signals, and discuss the influences of diet and environment on CHC profiles. We also present advances in our understanding of hydrocarbon biosynthesis. Hydrocarbons are biosynthesized in oenocytes and transported to the cuticle by lipophorin proteins. Recent work on the synthesis of fatty acids and their ultimate reductive decarbonylation to hydrocarbons has taken advantage of powerful new tools of molecular biology, including genomics and RNA interference knockdown of specific genes, to provide new insights into the biosynthesis of hydrocarbons.