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1
Changder, Narayan, Samir Aknine, Sarvapali Ramchurn, and Animesh Dutta. "ODSS: Efficient Hybridization for Optimal Coalition Structure Generation." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 34, no. 05 (April 3, 2020): 7079–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i05.6194.
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Coalition Structure Generation (CSG) is an NP-complete problem that remains difficult to solve on account of its complexity. In this paper, we propose an efficient hybrid algorithm for optimal coalition structure generation called ODSS. ODSS is a hybrid version of two previously established algorithms IDP (Rahwan and Jennings 2008) and IP (Rahwan et al. 2009). ODSS minimizes the overlapping between IDP and IP by dividing the whole search space of CSG into two disjoint sets of subspaces and proposes a novel subspace shrinking technique to reduce the size of the subspace searched by IP with the help of IDP. When compared to the state-of-the-art against a wide variety of value distributions, ODSS is shown to perform better by up to 54.15% on benchmark inputs.
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Xu, L. J., H. C. Shi, and X. Y. Ke. "Structural and functional design of WWTP operation decision support system with a case study." Water Science and Technology 53, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 241–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.026.
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This paper developes the WWTP operation decision support system (ODSS) to simulate the dynamic behavior of the WWTP treatment process based on ASMs (activated sludge models) and WWTP experiential knowledge. The novel structure and functions of ODSS can offer more flexible and general instructions to the WWTP operations. The three independent sub-systems, namely expert system, simulation system and training system, can cooperate to achieve many more functions such as operation alert, fault diagnosis, process simulation and so forth. The expert system based on the dynamic simulation, an essential part of WWTP ODSS, has been proved to be feasible and effective by the implementation at Fang Zhuang WWTP. Our results indicated that the WWTP ODSS has significant potential for improving plant performance and reducing treatment costs by assisting the operators at the decision-making level.
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Azeem, M. Mustafa, Zhongyu Li, Qingyu Wang, and Muhammad Zubair. "Molecular dynamics studies and irradiation effects in ODSS alloys." International Journal of Nuclear Energy Science and Technology 12, no. 4 (2018): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijnest.2018.097200.
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Li, Zhongyu, Qingyu Wang, Muhammad Zubair, and M. Mustafa Azeem. "Molecular dynamics studies and irradiation effects in ODSS alloys." International Journal of Nuclear Energy Science and Technology 12, no. 4 (2018): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijnest.2018.10018247.
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Raduns, Caroline Daiane, and Helena Copetti Callai. "Objetivos de desenvolvimento sustentável: visão dos professores sobre a conceituação e responsabilidade." Research, Society and Development 11, no. 11 (August 15, 2022): e58111133434. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i11.33434.
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Este artigo tem como objetivo geral analisar como os Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS) são compreendidos por professores do Ensino Básico e Superior, tomando como base duas linhas de pesquisa: a primeira, relacionada à conceituação dos ODS, e a segunda, às ações necessárias para alcançar os ODSs. As duas abordagens foram transformadas em perguntas, que constituíram um questionário, o qual pertence à metodologia da pesquisa. A metodologia está baseada no Ciclo da Pesquisa, dividida em três etapas: exploratória da pesquisa, trabalho de campo e tratamento do material. A partir da análise das respostas, constata-se uma precariedade no entendimento sobre os ODSs. A hipótese inicial de que o público-alvo da pesquisa tem potencial de ampliar as discussões e tornar as metas dos ODSs amplamente conhecidas e, com isso, gerar um maior engajamento e adoção de ações para o atendimento destas metas, não se demonstrou totalmente verdadeira. O principal fator que marcou as respostas foi a falta de sentimento de pertencimento e consciência de responsabilidade perante os ODSs.
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Velders, G. J. M., and J. S. Daniel. "Uncertainty analysis of projections of ozone-depleting substances: mixing ratios, EESC, ODPs, and GWPs." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 13, no. 10 (October 29, 2013): 28017–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-13-28017-2013.
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Abstract. The rates at which ozone depleting substances (ODSs) are removed from the atmosphere, that is, their lifetimes, are key factors for determining the rate of ozone layer recovery in the coming decades. We present here a comprehensive uncertainty analysis of future mixing ratios of ODSs, levels of equivalent effective stratospheric chlorine (EESC), ozone depletion potentials, and global warming potentials, using, among other information, the 2013 WCRP/SPARC assessment of lifetimes of ODSs and their uncertainties. The year EESC returns to pre-1980 levels, a metric commonly used to indicate a level of recovery from ODS-induced ozone depletion, is 2048 for mid-latitudes based on the lifetimes from the SPARC assessment, which is about 2 yr later than based on the lifetimes from the WMO assessment of 2011. However, the uncertainty in this return to 1980 levels is much larger than the 2 yr change. The year EESC returns to pre-1980 levels ranges from 2039 to 2064 (95% confidence interval) for mid-latitudes and 2061 to 2105 for the Antarctic spring. The primary contribution to these ranges comes from the uncertainty in the lifetimes. The earlier years of the return estimates are comparable to a hypothetical scenario in which emissions of ODSs cease in 2014. The later end of the range corresponds to a scenario containing an additional emission of about 7 Mt CFC-11-eq in 2015, which is the same as about 2 times the cumulative anthropogenic emissions of all ODSs from 2014 to 2050, or about 12 times the cumulative HCFC emissions from 2014 to 2050.
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Plummer, D. A., J. F. Scinocca, T. G. Shepherd, M. C. Reader, and A. I. Jonsson. "Contributions to stratospheric ozone changes from ozone depleting substances and greenhouse gases." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 10, no. 4 (April 15, 2010): 9647–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-10-9647-2010.
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Abstract. A state-of-the-art chemistry climate model coupled to a three-dimensional ocean model is used to produce three experiments, all seamlessly covering the period 1950–2100, forced by different combinations of long-lived Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) and Ozone Depleting Substances (ODSs). The experiments are designed to investigate the mechanisms by which GHGs and ODSs affect the evolution of ozone, including changes in the Brewer-Dobson circulation of the stratosphere and cooling of the upper stratosphere by CO2. Separating the effects of GHGs and ODSs on ozone, we find the decrease in upper stratospheric ozone from ODSs up to the year 2000 is approximately 30% larger than the actual decrease in ozone due to the offsetting effects of cooling by increased CO2. Over the 21st century, as ODSs decrease, continued cooling from CO2 is projected to account for more than 50% of the projected increase in upper stratospheric ozone. Changes below 20 hPa show a redistribution of ozone from tropical to extra-tropical latitudes with an increase in the Brewer-Dobson circulation, while globally averaged the amount of ozone below 20 hPa decreases over the 21st century. Further analysis by linear regression shows that changes associated with GHGs do not appreciably alter the recovery of stratospheric ozone from the effects of ODSs; over much of the stratosphere ozone recovery follows the decline of halogen concentrations within statistical uncertainty, though the lower polar stratosphere of the Southern Hemisphere is an exception with ozone concentrations recovering more slowly than indicated by the halogen concentrations. These results also reveal the degree to which climate change, and stratospheric CO2 cooling in particular, mutes the chemical effects of N2O on ozone in the standard future scenario used for the WMO Ozone Assessment. Increases in the residual circulation of the atmosphere and chemical effects from CO2 cooling more than halve the increase in reactive nitrogen in the mid to upper stratosphere that results from the specified increase in N2O between 1950 and 2100.
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Velders, G. J. M., and J. S. Daniel. "Uncertainty analysis of projections of ozone-depleting substances: mixing ratios, EESC, ODPs, and GWPs." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 14, no. 6 (March 17, 2014): 2757–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-2757-2014.
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Abstract. The rates at which ozone-depleting substances (ODSs) are removed from the atmosphere, which determine the lifetimes of these ODSs, are key factors for determining the rate of ozone layer recovery in the coming decades. We present here a comprehensive uncertainty analysis of future mixing ratios of ODSs, levels of equivalent effective stratospheric chlorine (EESC), ozone depletion potentials, and global warming potentials (GWPs), using, among other information, the 2013 WCRP/SPARC (World Climate Research Programme/Stratospheric Processes and their Role in Climate) assessment of lifetimes of ODSs and their uncertainties. The year EESC returns to pre-1980 levels, a metric commonly used to indicate a level of recovery from ODS-induced ozone depletion, is 2048 for midlatitudes and 2075 for Antarctic conditions based on the lifetimes from the SPARC assessment, which is about 2 and 4 yr, respectively, later than based on the lifetimes from the WMO (World Meteorological Organization) assessment of 2011. However, the uncertainty in this return to 1980 levels is much larger than the shift due to this change in lifetimes. The year EESC returns to pre-1980 levels ranges from 2039 to 2064 (95% confidence interval) for midlatitudes and from 2061 to 2105 for the Antarctic spring. The primary contribution to these ranges comes from the uncertainty in the lifetimes, with smaller contributions from uncertainties in other modeled parameters. The earlier years of the return estimates derived by the uncertainty analysis, i.e., 2039 for midlatitudes and 2061 for Antarctic spring, are comparable to a hypothetical scenario in which emissions of ODSs cease in 2014. The later end of the range, i.e., 2064 for midlatitudes and 2105 for Antarctic spring, can also be obtained by a scenario with an additional emission of about 7 Mt CFC-11 eq. (eq. – equivalent) in 2015, which is the same as about 2 times the projected cumulative anthropogenic emissions of all ODSs from 2014 to 2050, or about 12 times the projected cumulative HCFC emissions from 2014 to 2050.
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Póvoa, P., A. Nobre, P. Leitão, P. Galvão, H. Santos, A. Frazão, R. Neves, and J. S. Matos. "Operational decision support system for large combined sewage systems: Lisbon/Tagus estuary case study." Water Science and Technology 72, no. 8 (July 9, 2015): 1421–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.352.
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Managing combined sewage systems in large cities discharging to coastal waters, often bearing recreational activities, remains a challenge. Studying the impacts of such discharges requires the development of specific models. Hydrodynamic and water quality modelling of coastal waters employs numerical methods and algorithms, leading to the design of complex models which require expert use. The use of such models as decision support tools to simulate discharge impacts and define adequate corrective measures could represent a key part in meeting this challenge. In this paper, the authors describe the work undertaken to develop an operational decision support system (ODSS) methodology aiming to enable wastewater utilities' non-expert staff to carry out user-friendly scenario analysis based on computational fluid dynamics simulations. This article depicts the application and validation of the ODSS to the combined sewage system and the Tagus estuary of the city of Lisbon in Portugal. The ODSS was used for simulating the effects in the receiving coastal waters of a discharge caused by a scheduled maintenance operation in the sewage infrastructure. Results show that the use of such ODSS by non-expert staff increases their decision capabilities and knowledge of the wastewater utility's contribution to reducing negative impacts of sewage discharges on the receiving water bodies.
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Elofson, Greg, Philomina Thomas, and Benn R. Konsynski. "A Multi-Agent ODSS Architecture for Supporting Distributed Decision-Making." Group Decision and Negotiation 7, no. 3 (May 1998): 229–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1008631432051.
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Santhanam, Radhika, Tor Guimaraes, and Joey F. George. "An empirical investigation of ODSS impact on individuals and organizations." Decision Support Systems 30, no. 1 (December 2000): 51–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-9236(00)00089-0.
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Eyring, V., I. Cionni, G. E. Bodeker, A. J. Charlton-Perez, D. E. Kinnison, J. F. Scinocca, D. W. Waugh, et al. "Multi-model assessment of stratospheric ozone return dates and ozone recovery in CCMVal-2 models." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 10, no. 5 (May 3, 2010): 11659–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-10-11659-2010.
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Abstract. Projections of stratospheric ozone from a suite of chemistry-climate models (CCMs) have been analyzed. In addition to a reference simulation where anthropogenic halogenated ozone depleting substances (ODSs) and greenhouse gases (GHGs) vary with time, sensitivity simulations with either ODSs or GHGs concentrations fixed at 1960 levels were performed to disaggregate the drivers of projected ozone changes. These simulations were also used to assess the two distinct milestones of ozone returning to historical values (ozone return dates) and ozone no longer being influenced by ODSs (full ozone recovery). These two milestones are different. The date of ozone returning to historical values does not indicate complete recovery from ODSs in most cases, because GHG induced changes accelerate or decelerate ozone changes in many regions. In the upper stratosphere where GHG induced stratospheric cooling increases ozone, full ozone recovery has not likely occurred by 2100 while ozone returns to its 1980 or even 1960 levels well before (~2025 and 2040, respectively). In contrast, in the tropical lower stratosphere ozone decreases continuously from 1960 to 2100 due to projected increases in tropical upwelling, while by around 2040 it is already very likely that full recovery from the effects of ODSs has occurred, although ODS concentrations are still elevated by this date. In the lower midlatitude stratosphere the evolution differs from that in the tropics, and rather than a steady decrease of ozone, first a decrease of ozone is simulated between 1960 and 2000, which is then followed by a steady increase throughout the 21st century. Ozone in the lower stratosphere midlatitudes returns to its 1980 levels ${\\sim}$2045 in the NH and ~2055 in the SH, and full ozone recovery is likely reached by 2100 in both hemispheres. Overall, in all regions except the tropical lower stratosphere, full ozone recovery from ODSs occurs significantly later than the return of total column ozone to its 1980 level. The latest return of total column ozone is projected to occur over Antarctica (~2050–2060) whereas it is not likely that full ozone recovery is reached by the end of the 21st century in this region. Arctic total column ozone is projected to return to 1980 levels well before Cly does so (~2020–2030) and while it is likely that full recovery of ozone from the effects of ODSs has occurred by ~2035, at no time before 2100 is it very likely that full recovery has occurred. In contrast to the Antarctic, by 2100 Arctic total column ozone is projected to be above 1960 levels, but not in the fixed GHG simulation, indicating that climate change plays a significant role.
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Plummer, D. A., J. F. Scinocca, T. G. Shepherd, M. C. Reader, and A. I. Jonsson. "Quantifying the contributions to stratospheric ozone changes from ozone depleting substances and greenhouse gases." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 10, no. 18 (September 20, 2010): 8803–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-8803-2010.
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Abstract. A state-of-the-art chemistry climate model coupled to a three-dimensional ocean model is used to produce three experiments, all seamlessly covering the period 1950–2100, forced by different combinations of long-lived Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) and Ozone Depleting Substances (ODSs). The experiments are designed to quantify the separate effects of GHGs and ODSs on the evolution of ozone, as well as the extent to which these effects are independent of each other, by alternately holding one set of these two forcings constant in combination with a third experiment where both ODSs and GHGs vary. We estimate that up to the year 2000 the net decrease in the column amount of ozone above 20 hPa is approximately 75% of the decrease that can be attributed to ODSs due to the offsetting effects of cooling by increased CO2. Over the 21st century, as ODSs decrease, continued cooling from CO2 is projected to account for more than 50% of the projected increase in ozone above 20 hPa. Changes in ozone below 20 hPa show a redistribution of ozone from tropical to extra-tropical latitudes with an increase in the Brewer-Dobson circulation. In addition to a latitudinal redistribution of ozone, we find that the globally averaged column amount of ozone below 20 hPa decreases over the 21st century, which significantly mitigates the effect of upper stratospheric cooling on total column ozone. Analysis by linear regression shows that the recovery of ozone from the effects of ODSs generally follows the decline in reactive chlorine and bromine levels, with the exception of the lower polar stratosphere where recovery of ozone in the second half of the 21st century is slower than would be indicated by the decline in reactive chlorine and bromine concentrations. These results also reveal the degree to which GHG-related effects mute the chemical effects of N2O on ozone in the standard future scenario used for the WMO Ozone Assessment. Increases in the residual circulation of the atmosphere and chemical effects from CO2 cooling more than halve the increase in reactive nitrogen in the mid to upper stratosphere that results from the specified increase in N2O between 1950 and 2100.
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Chemke, Rei, Michael Previdi, Mark R. England, and Lorenzo M. Polvani. "Distinguishing the impacts of ozone and ozone-depleting substances on the recent increase in Antarctic surface mass balance." Cryosphere 14, no. 11 (November 19, 2020): 4135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-4135-2020.
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Abstract. The Antarctic surface mass balance (SMB) has global climatic impacts through its effects on global sea-level rise. The forced increase in Antarctic SMB over the second half of the 20th century was argued to stem from multiple forcing agents, including ozone and ozone-depleting substances (ODSs). Here we use ensembles of fixed-forcing model simulations to quantify and contrast the contributions of stratospheric ozone, tropospheric ozone and ODSs to increases in the Antarctic SMB. We show that ODSs and stratospheric ozone make comparable contributions and together account for 44 % of the increase in the annual mean Antarctic SMB over the second half of the 20th century. In contrast, tropospheric ozone has an insignificant impact on the SMB increase. A large portion of the annual mean SMB increase occurs during austral summer, when stratospheric ozone is found to account for 63 % of the increase. Furthermore, we demonstrate that stratospheric ozone increases the SMB by enhancing the meridional mean and eddy flows towards the continent, thus converging more water vapor over the Antarctic.
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Sritharan, Jeavana, Jill S. MacLeod, Christopher B. McLeod, Alice Peter, and Paul A. Demers. "Prostate cancer risk by occupation in the Occupational Disease Surveillance System (ODSS) in Ontario, Canada." Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada 39, no. 5 (May 2019): 178–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.39.5.02.
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Introduction Previous Canadian epidemiologic studies have identified associations between occupations and prostate cancer risk, though evidence is limited. However, there are no well-established preventable risk factors for prostate cancer, which warrants the need for further investigation into occupational factors to strengthen existing evidence. This study uses occupation and prostate cancer information from a large surveillance cohort in Ontario that linked workers’ compensation claim data to administrative health databases. Methods Occupations were examined using the Occupational Disease Surveillance System (ODSS). ODSS included 1 231 177 male workers for the 1983 to 2015 period, whose records were linked to the Ontario Cancer Registry (OCR) in order to identify and follow up on prostate cancer diagnoses. Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate age-adjusted hazard ratios and 95% CI to estimate the risk of prostate cancer by occupation group. Results A total of 34 997 prostate cancer cases were diagnosed among workers in ODSS. Overall, elevated prostate cancer risk was observed for men employed in man¬agement/administration (HR 2.17, 95% CI = 1.98–2.38), teaching (HR 1.99, 95% CI = 1.79–2.21), transportation (HR 1.20, 95% CI = 1.16–1.24), construction (HR 1.09, 95% CI = 1.06–1.12), firefighting (HR 1.62, 95% CI = 1.47–1.78), and police work (HR 1.20, 95% CI = 1.10–1.32). Inconsistent findings were observed for clerical and farm¬ing occupations. Conclusion Associations observed in white collar, construction, transportation, and protective services occupations were consistent with previous Canadian studies. Findings emphasize the need to assess job-specific exposures, sedentary behaviour, psy¬chological stress, and shift work. Understanding specific occupational risk factors can lead to better understanding of prostate cancer etiology and improve prevention strategies.
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Eyring, V., I. Cionni, G. E. Bodeker, A. J. Charlton-Perez, D. E. Kinnison, J. F. Scinocca, D. W. Waugh, et al. "Multi-model assessment of stratospheric ozone return dates and ozone recovery in CCMVal-2 models." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 10, no. 19 (October 7, 2010): 9451–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-9451-2010.
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Abstract. Projections of stratospheric ozone from a suite of chemistry-climate models (CCMs) have been analyzed. In addition to a reference simulation where anthropogenic halogenated ozone depleting substances (ODSs) and greenhouse gases (GHGs) vary with time, sensitivity simulations with either ODS or GHG concentrations fixed at 1960 levels were performed to disaggregate the drivers of projected ozone changes. These simulations were also used to assess the two distinct milestones of ozone returning to historical values (ozone return dates) and ozone no longer being influenced by ODSs (full ozone recovery). The date of ozone returning to historical values does not indicate complete recovery from ODSs in most cases, because GHG-induced changes accelerate or decelerate ozone changes in many regions. In the upper stratosphere where CO2-induced stratospheric cooling increases ozone, full ozone recovery is projected to not likely have occurred by 2100 even though ozone returns to its 1980 or even 1960 levels well before (~2025 and 2040, respectively). In contrast, in the tropical lower stratosphere ozone decreases continuously from 1960 to 2100 due to projected increases in tropical upwelling, while by around 2040 it is already very likely that full recovery from the effects of ODSs has occurred, although ODS concentrations are still elevated by this date. In the midlatitude lower stratosphere the evolution differs from that in the tropics, and rather than a steady decrease in ozone, first a decrease in ozone is simulated from 1960 to 2000, which is then followed by a steady increase through the 21st century. Ozone in the midlatitude lower stratosphere returns to 1980 levels by ~2045 in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) and by ~2055 in the Southern Hemisphere (SH), and full ozone recovery is likely reached by 2100 in both hemispheres. Overall, in all regions except the tropical lower stratosphere, full ozone recovery from ODSs occurs significantly later than the return of total column ozone to its 1980 level. The latest return of total column ozone is projected to occur over Antarctica (~2045–2060) whereas it is not likely that full ozone recovery is reached by the end of the 21st century in this region. Arctic total column ozone is projected to return to 1980 levels well before polar stratospheric halogen loading does so (~2025–2030 for total column ozone, cf. 2050–2070 for Cly+60×Bry) and it is likely that full recovery of total column ozone from the effects of ODSs has occurred by ~2035. In contrast to the Antarctic, by 2100 Arctic total column ozone is projected to be above 1960 levels, but not in the fixed GHG simulation, indicating that climate change plays a significant role.
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Banerjee, A., A. C. Maycock, A. T. Archibald, N. L. Abraham, P. Telford, P. Braesicke, and J. A. Pyle. "Drivers of changes in stratospheric and tropospheric ozone between year 2000 and 2100." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 15, no. 21 (November 5, 2015): 30645–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-15-30645-2015.
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Abstract. A stratosphere-resolving configuration of the Met Office's Unified Model (UM) with the United Kingdom Chemistry and Aerosols (UKCA) scheme is used to investigate the atmospheric response to changes in (a) greenhouse gases and climate, (b) ozone-depleting substances (ODSs) and (c) non-methane ozone precursor emissions. A suite of time-slice experiments show the separate, as well as pairwise, impacts of these perturbations between the years 2000 and 2100. Sensitivity to uncertainties in future greenhouse gases and aerosols is explored through the use of the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios. The results highlight an important role for the stratosphere in determining the annual mean tropospheric ozone response, primarily through stratosphere–troposphere exchange of ozone (STE). Under both climate change and reductions in ODSs, increases in STE offset decreases in net chemical production, leading to overall increases in the tropospheric ozone burden. This opposes the effects of projected decreases in ozone precursors through measures to improve air quality, which act to reduce the ozone burden. The global tropospheric lifetime of ozone (τO3) does not change significantly under climate change at RCP4.5, but it decreases at RCP8.5. This opposes the increases in τO3 simulated under reductions in both ODSs and ozone precursor emissions. The additivity of the changes in ozone is examined by comparing the sum of the responses in the single-forcing experiments to those from equivalent combined-forcing experiments. Whilst the ozone responses to most forcing combinations are found to be approximately additive, non-additive changes are found in both the stratosphere and troposphere when a large climate forcing (RCP8.5) is combined with the effects of ODSs.
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Banerjee, Antara, Amanda C. Maycock, Alexander T. Archibald, N. Luke Abraham, Paul Telford, Peter Braesicke, and John A. Pyle. "Drivers of changes in stratospheric and tropospheric ozone between year 2000 and 2100." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16, no. 5 (March 4, 2016): 2727–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-2727-2016.
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Abstract. A stratosphere-resolving configuration of the Met Office's Unified Model (UM) with the United Kingdom Chemistry and Aerosols (UKCA) scheme is used to investigate the atmospheric response to changes in (a) greenhouse gases and climate, (b) ozone-depleting substances (ODSs) and (c) non-methane ozone precursor emissions. A suite of time-slice experiments show the separate, as well as pairwise, impacts of these perturbations between the years 2000 and 2100. Sensitivity to uncertainties in future greenhouse gases and aerosols is explored through the use of the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios. The results highlight an important role for the stratosphere in determining the annual mean tropospheric ozone response, primarily through stratosphere–troposphere exchange (STE) of ozone. Under both climate change and reductions in ODSs, increases in STE offset decreases in net chemical production and act to increase the tropospheric ozone burden. This opposes the effects of projected decreases in ozone precursors through measures to improve air quality, which act to reduce the ozone burden. The global tropospheric lifetime of ozone (τO3) does not change significantly under climate change at RCP4.5, but it decreases at RCP8.5. This opposes the increases in τO3 simulated under reductions in ODSs and ozone precursor emissions. The additivity of the changes in ozone is examined by comparing the sum of the responses in the single-forcing experiments to those from equivalent combined-forcing experiments. Whilst the ozone responses to most forcing combinations are found to be approximately additive, non-additive changes are found in both the stratosphere and troposphere when a large climate forcing (RCP8.5) is combined with the effects of ODSs.
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Stolarski, Richard S., Anne R. Douglass, Paul A. Newman, Steven Pawson, and Mark R. Schoeberl. "Relative Contribution of Greenhouse Gases and Ozone-Depleting Substances to Temperature Trends in the Stratosphere: A Chemistry–Climate Model Study." Journal of Climate 23, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 28–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jcli2955.1.
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Abstract The temperature of the stratosphere has decreased over the past several decades. Two causes contribute to that decrease: well-mixed greenhouse gases (GHGs) and ozone-depleting substances (ODSs). This paper addresses the attribution of temperature decreases to these two causes and the implications of that attribution for the future evolution of stratospheric temperature. Time series analysis is applied to simulations of the Goddard Earth Observing System Chemistry–Climate Model (GEOS CCM) to separate the contributions of GHGs from those of ODSs based on their different time-dependent signatures. The analysis indicates that about 60%–70% of the temperature decrease of the past two decades in the upper stratosphere near 1 hPa and in the lower midlatitude stratosphere near 50 hPa resulted from changes attributable to ODSs, primarily through their impact on ozone. As ozone recovers over the next several decades, the temperature should continue to decrease in the middle and upper stratosphere because of GHG increases. The time series of observed temperature in the upper stratosphere is approaching the length needed to separate the effects of ozone-depleting substances from those of greenhouse gases using temperature time series data.
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Rodrigues, Érica, Jéssica Schwanke, Katiucia de Oliveira Peres, Logan Mallmann, and Geysler Rogis Flor Bertolini. "Os 17 ODSs no Cenário Covid-19: Uma Revisão Sistemática sobre as discussões, os avanços e as novas perspectivas." Desenvolvimento em Questão 20, no. 58 (November 16, 2022): e12744. http://dx.doi.org/10.21527/2237-6453.2022.58.12744.
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O objetivo deste artigo foi revisar conceitualmente os Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável da ONU (17 ODSs), trazer um breve contexto da atual crise pandêmica trazida pela Covid-19, e, neste cenário, investigar quais são as discussões, avanços e novas perspectivas na gestão dos 17 ODSs. Baseado na pesquisa bibliográfica, o estudo consistiu numa revisão sistemática, construída a partir de buscas na plataforma Web of Science, em que, por meio de critérios preestabelecidos se chegou a dez artigos, que juntamente com outros materiais disponíveis sobre o tema, serviram de referencial teórico e na argumentação dos resultados por intermédio de análises e percepções. Verificou-se que existem ao redor do mundo diversas pesquisas que têm trazido contribuições significativas, como a gestão com foco na sustentabilidade e o planejamento estratégico apoiado pelas Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TICs), a transição da economia linear para circular e o emprego de tecnologias digitais como a inteligência artificial, a chamada indústria 4.0. Além disso, destacou-se a necessidade da cooperação internacional, tanto para que as vacinas promissoras possam ser desenvolvidas e acessíveis a todas as áreas afetadas, quanto para que ocorram avanços na solução dos principais problemas sociais experimentados pelo mundo, como a erradicação da pobreza e da fome, o acesso à saúde e à educação de qualidade, à igualdade, ao pleno emprego e acesso a recursos básicos, como energia, água limpa, saneamento para todos, redução nas mudanças climáticas e na degradação ambiental, além do consumo consciente, tal qual preconizam os ODSs.
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Singh, A. K., and Asheesh Bhargawa. "Atmospheric burden of ozone depleting substances (ODSs) and forecasting ozone layer recovery." Atmospheric Pollution Research 10, no. 3 (May 2019): 802–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2018.12.008.
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Baker, Jacquie, Justin R. Paturel, David M. Sletten, Phillip A. Low, and Kurt Kimpinski. "The Orthostatic Discriminant and Severity Scale (ODSS): an assessment of orthostatic intolerance." Clinical Autonomic Research 30, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10286-018-00586-5.
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Aulia, Izki, Wijianto Wijianto, and Teguh Prihastomo. "MANAJEMEN FISIOTERAPI PADA KASUS MORBUS HENSEN MULTI BASILER REAKSI II." Journal of Innovation Research and Knowledge 3, no. 1 (June 30, 2023): 5025–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.53625/jirk.v3i1.5988.
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Latar Belakang: Penyakit Morbus Hensen atau yang biasa disebut kusta merupakan penyakit granulo matosa kronis yang dikarenakan bakteri Myobacterium leprae. Dan untuk morbus hensen Multi Basiler Reaksi II sendiri merupakan reaksi hormonal antara M. Leprae dan antibody pasien yang menimbulkan respon inflamasi pada pasien. Kusta awal mula ditemukan oleh Gerhard Armauer Hansen pada tahun 1873 di Norwegia. Penyakit ini menyerang pada sistem saraf tepi, perifer dan saraf sensoris, dengan manifestasi klinik berupa kulit kering hingga xerosis dan kelemahan otot. Tujuan: Manajemen fisioterapi pada kasus ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui manfaat diberikannya intervensi fisioterapi berupa oiling dan terapi latihan, ambulasi dan edukasi dalam mengurangi xerosis dan kemampuan fungsional pasien. Metode: case report ini dilakukan di RSUD Kelet Donorejo dengan mengambil salah sample salah satu pasien kusta dengan pemberian modalitas fisioterapi berupa oiling, terapi latihan dan ambulasi sebanyak 3 kali sesi terapi. Selanjutnya melakukan pengukuran pada terapi pertama dan terapi ketiga dan didapatkan hasil peningkatan skala ODSS dan peningkatan skala kemampuan fungsional. Hasil: dari manajemen fisioterapi yang diterapkan pada kasus Morbus Hensen Multi Basiler Reaksi II didapatkan hasil berupa meningkatnya skala ODSS dan meningkatnya skala aktifitas fungsional. Kesimpulan: Manajemen fisioterapi pada case report ini terbukti dalam peningkatan skala ODSS dan peningkatan skala kemampuan fungsional pasien
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Saberi Zafarghandi, Mohammad Bagher, Sahar Eshrati, Vahid Rashedi, Meroe Vameghi, Reza Arezoomandan, Thomas Clausen, and Helge Waal. "Indicators of Drug-Related Community Impacts of Open Drug Scenes: A Scoping Review." European Addiction Research 28, no. 2 (November 18, 2021): 87–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000519886.
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<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Places where people deal and/or use drugs publicly are known as open drug scenes (ODSs). Drug-related community impacts (DRCIs) refer to drug-related issues that negatively influence public and individual health, communities, businesses, and recreational and public space enjoyment. There are no well-established criteria for identification of DRCIs. We therefore performed a scoping review of literature to determine DRCIs indicators associated with ODSs. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The review was performed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScP). We searched English articles in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases from 1990 to 2021. The keywords were drug-related crime, drug-related offense, misconduct, social marginalization, homeless drug users, open drug scene, drug-related street disorder, public nuisance, and community impact. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Sixty-four studies were identified. Twenty-five studies were included. Two studies (8%) were about drug-related public nuisance, 1 (4%) considered drug-related social problems, 2 (8%) focused on drug-related social disorder, and 18 studies (72%) discussed indicators of community impacts such as crime, drug-related litter, safety, noise, and drug use in public. Two studies (8%) included the frequency of drug use in ODSs. <b><i>Discussion:</i></b> DRCI indicators are heterogenic, and various factors affect the indicators. The factors include social mores, political discourse, and historical approaches to dealing with and using drugs. Some societies do not tolerate the existence of ODSs. In contrast, many countries have adopted harm reduction programs to manage DRCIs. Identified DRCI indicators were drug using and dealing in public, drug-related litter, crime, drug-related loitering, street-based income generation activities, noise, and unsafety feelings in inhabitants. To solve the problems associated with DRCIs and to make a major change in ODSs, it is necessary to pay attention to the improvement of the economic conditions (e.g., employment opportunities), amendment (e.g., determine the limits of criminalization in drug use), and adoption of social policies (e.g., providing low-threshold and supportive services for homeless drug users).
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Ibrahim, Mohd Ismail, Izani Uzair Zubair, Mohd Nazri Shafei, Mohd Izmi Ahmad, and Najib Majdi Yaacob. "Interactive Low Back Pain Intervention Module Based on the Back School Program: A Cluster-Randomized Experimental Study Evaluating Its Effectiveness among Nurses in Public Hospitals." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 16 (August 14, 2020): 5916. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165916.
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The prevalence of low back pain (LBP) among nurses is high. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an interactive LBP module based on the Back School Program in improving Oswestry Disability Scores (ODSs) among nurses in government hospitals in Penang, Malaysia. A cluster-randomized experimental study was conducted within four public hospitals. These hospitals were randomized to intervention and control groups. A total of 284 nurses from the selected hospitals were randomly selected (142 in each group). An interactive LBP intervention module based on the Back School Program was designed and prescribed. Both the intervention and control groups were assessed using the Oswestry Disability Questionnaire at baseline and at the end of the third and sixth weeks. Out of 284 participants, 281 completed this study. A between-group comparison revealed that ODSs were significantly lower in the intervention group than in the control group at the ends of the third (p = 0.006) and sixth weeks (p < 0.001). Within-group changes revealed a significant reduction in ODSs within the intervention group from baseline to the third (p < 0.001) and sixth weeks (p < 0.001) of the intervention. This simple interactive LBP module was effective in reducing symptoms of LBP among nurses as early as three weeks, and this effect was sustained until the sixth week of the intervention.
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Kot, Rafał. "Review of Obstacle Detection Systems for Collision Avoidance of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles Tested in a Real Environment." Electronics 11, no. 21 (November 5, 2022): 3615. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11213615.
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The high efficiency of obstacle detection system (ODS) is essential to obtain the high performance of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) carrying out a mission in a complex underwater environment. Based on the previous literature analysis, that include path planning and collision avoidance algorithms, the solutions which operation was confirmed by tests in a real-world environment were selected for this paper consideration. These studies were subjected to a deeper analysis assessing the effectiveness of the obstacle detection algorithms. The analysis shows that over the years, ODSs being improved and provide greater detection accuracy that results in better AUV response time. Almost all analysed methods are based on the conventional approach to obstacle detection. In the future, even better ODSs parameters could be achieved by using artificial intelligence (AI) methods.
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Firdausi, Aldhita Inayah, Isnaini Herawati, Isnaini Herawati, and Teguh Prihastomo. "MANAGEMEN FISIOTERAPI PADA KASUS XEROSIS EC MORBUS HANSEN MULTI BASILLER DI RS KUSTA KELET DONOROJO (STUDI KASUS)." Journal of Innovation Research and Knowledge 2, no. 12 (May 14, 2023): 4553–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.53625/jirk.v2i12.5626.
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Introduction: Xerosis is a term for dry skin that often occurs on the lower limbs, heels, elbows, and fingers. Xerosis is caused by reduced moisture due to loss of lipids and natural moisturizing factors in the Stratum Corneum. The purpose of this study is to determine the implementation of physiotherapy in reducing xerosis in both lower limbs and maintaining skin elasticity with. Methods: patients are given oiling treatment, ankle pumping, bridging exercise, balance exercise and sensory stimulus exercises on the feet for 4 weeks which are carried out 3x/week. Results: evaluation was carried out using Range Of Motion (ROM), Manual Muscle Testing, Anthropometry, ODSS (Overall Dry Skin Score). Conclusion: there is an increase in ROM, MMT, ODSS (Overall Dry Skin Score) and a decrease in Anthropometry after being given Exercise therapy for 4 weeks.
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Newman, P. A., L. D. Oman, A. R. Douglass, E. L. Fleming, S. M. Frith, M. M. Hurwitz, S. R. Kawa, et al. "What would have happened to the ozone layer if chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) had not been regulated?" Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 8, no. 6 (December 10, 2008): 20565–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-8-20565-2008.
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Abstract. Ozone depletion by chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) was first proposed by Molina and Rowland in their 1974 Nature paper. Since that time, the scientific connection between ozone losses and CFCs and other ozone depleting substances (ODSs) has been firmly established with laboratory measurements, atmospheric observations, and modeling research. This science research led to the implementation of international agreements that largely stopped the production of ODSs. In this study we use a fully-coupled radiation-chemical-dynamical model to simulate a future world where ODSs were never regulated and ODS production grew at an annual rate of 3%. In this "world avoided" simulation, 17% of the globally-average column ozone is destroyed by 2020, and 67% is destroyed by 2065 in comparison to 1980. Large ozone depletions in the polar region become year-round rather than just seasonal as is currently observed in the Antarctic ozone hole. Very large temperature decreases are observed in response to circulation changes and decreased shortwave radiation absorption by ozone. Ozone levels in the tropical lower stratosphere remain constant until about 2053 and then collapse to near zero by 2058 as a result of heterogeneous chemical processes (as currently observed in the Antarctic ozone hole). The tropical cooling that triggers the ozone collapse is caused by an increase of the tropical upwelling. In response to ozone changes, ultraviolet radiation increases, more than doubling the erythemal radiation in the northern summer midlatitudes by 2060.
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Newman, P. A., L. D. Oman, A. R. Douglass, E. L. Fleming, S. M. Frith, M. M. Hurwitz, S. R. Kawa, et al. "What would have happened to the ozone layer if chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) had not been regulated?" Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 9, no. 6 (March 23, 2009): 2113–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-2113-2009.
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Abstract. Ozone depletion by chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) was first proposed by Molina and Rowland in their 1974 Nature paper. Since that time, the scientific connection between ozone losses and CFCs and other ozone depleting substances (ODSs) has been firmly established with laboratory measurements, atmospheric observations, and modeling studies. This science research led to the implementation of international agreements that largely stopped the production of ODSs. In this study we use a fully-coupled radiation-chemical-dynamical model to simulate a future world where ODSs were never regulated and ODS production grew at an annual rate of 3%. In this "world avoided" simulation, 17% of the globally-averaged column ozone is destroyed by 2020, and 67% is destroyed by 2065 in comparison to 1980. Large ozone depletions in the polar region become year-round rather than just seasonal as is currently observed in the Antarctic ozone hole. Very large temperature decreases are observed in response to circulation changes and decreased shortwave radiation absorption by ozone. Ozone levels in the tropical lower stratosphere remain constant until about 2053 and then collapse to near zero by 2058 as a result of heterogeneous chemical processes (as currently observed in the Antarctic ozone hole). The tropical cooling that triggers the ozone collapse is caused by an increase of the tropical upwelling. In response to ozone changes, ultraviolet radiation increases, more than doubling the erythemal radiation in the northern summer midlatitudes by 2060.
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Baker, J., J. Racosta, and K. Kimpinski. "P.032 Development of a new instrument to discriminate orthostatic from non-orthostatic symptoms." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 43, S2 (June 2016): S29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2016.136.
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Background: Orthostatic symptoms including dizziness, light-headedness and syncope can be major causes of disability in patients with dysautonomia. Currently there is no validated tool capable of discriminating orthostatic from non-orthostatic constitutional symptoms. Therefore, we developed the Orthostatic Discriminant and Severity Scale (ODSS) to help make this distinction. Objective: Demonstrate validity and reliability of the ODSS. Methods: Convergent and clinical validity were assessed by correlating Orthostatic scores with previously validated tools (Autonomic Symptom Profile (ASP), composite scores of the Orthostatic Hypotension Questionnaire and the total Composite Autonomic Severity Score (tCASS), respectively). Test-retest reliability was calculated using an intra-class correlation coefficient. Results: Orthostatic scores from 23 controls and 5 patients were highly correlated with both the Orthostatic Intolerance index of the ASP (r=0.724;p<0.01) and the composite OHDAS and OHSAS (r=0.552;p<0.01 and r=0.753;p<0.01, respectively), indicating good convergent validity. Orthostatic scores were significantly correlated with tCASS (r=0.568;p<0.01), and the systolic blood pressure change during head-up tilt (r=-0.472;p=0.013). In addition, patients with Neurogenic Orthostatic Hypotension had significantly higher Orthostatic scores than controls (p<0.01) indicating good clinical validity. Test-retest reliability was strong (r=0.954;p<0.01) with an internal consistency of 0.978. Conclusions: Our results, though preliminary, provide empiral evidence that the ODSS is capable of producing a valid and reliable orthostatic score.
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Siahaan, Etty Merli. "Hubungan Pengetahuan, Sikap dan Dukungan Tenaga Kesehatan Dengan Partispasi Ibu Dalam Kelas Ibu Balita." SIMFISIS Jurnal Kebidanan Indonesia 1, no. 3 (February 28, 2022): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.53801/sjki.v1i3.36.
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Pendahuluan : Hasil Survey Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia (SDKI) tahun 2019 Angka Kematian Bayi (AKB) 24 per 1000 kelahiran hidup walapun trend ada penurunan tetapi masih tinggi. Sedangkan Angka Kematian Balita (AKABA) 32 per 1000 kelahiran hidup. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan sikap dan dukungan kesehatan terhadap partisipasi dalam kelas ibu balita di Kelurahan Rawasari. Metode: Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan desain Cross-sectional dengan populasi seluruh ibu balita yang memiliki anak umur 0-5 tahun dan sudah pernah mengikuti kelas ibu balita dan tinggal di RW 01 Kelurahan Rawasari dan sampel sebanyak 50 responden dan pengambilan data dengan kuesioner kemudian dianalisis univariat dan bivariat. Hasil: Hasil uji Chi-Square menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang bermakna antara pengetahuan dengan partisipasi ibu dalam kelas ibu balita yaitu p-value (0,000), Odss Ratio (4,030). Adanya hubungan yang bermakna antara sikap dengan partisipasi ibu dalam kelas ibu balita yaitu p-value (0,000) Odss Ratio (4,696). Adanya hubungan yang bermakna antara dukungan tenaga kesehatan dengan partisipasi ibu dalam kelas ibu balita yaitu p-value (0,020 ) Odss Ratio (2,452). Kesimpulan: Adanya hubungan yang bermakna antara pengetahuan, sikap, dan dukungan tenaga kesehatan dengan partisipasi ibu dalam kelas ibu balita. Pengetahuan ibu baik maka berpeluang 4 kali memiliki partisipasi ibu aktif dalam Kelas Ibu Balita dibandingkan dengan pengetahuan yang kurang baik. Sikap Ibu mendukung maka berpeluang 4 kali memiliki partisipasi ibu aktif dalam Kelas Ibu Balita dibandingkan dengan dengan sikap ibu yang kurang mendukung. Dan ibu mendapat dukungan tenaga kesehatan maka berpeluang 2 kali memiliki partisipasi ibu aktif dalam kelas balita dibandingkan dengan ibu yang kurang mendapatkan dukungan tenaga Kesehatan.
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McLandress, Charles, Andreas I. Jonsson, David A. Plummer, M. Catherine Reader, John F. Scinocca, and Theodore G. Shepherd. "Separating the Dynamical Effects of Climate Change and Ozone Depletion. Part I: Southern Hemisphere Stratosphere." Journal of Climate 23, no. 18 (September 15, 2010): 5002–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jcli3586.1.
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Abstract A version of the Canadian Middle Atmosphere Model that is coupled to an ocean is used to investigate the separate effects of climate change and ozone depletion on the dynamics of the Southern Hemisphere (SH) stratosphere. This is achieved by performing three sets of simulations extending from 1960 to 2099: 1) greenhouse gases (GHGs) fixed at 1960 levels and ozone depleting substances (ODSs) varying in time, 2) ODSs fixed at 1960 levels and GHGs varying in time, and 3) both GHGs and ODSs varying in time. The response of various dynamical quantities to the GHG and ODS forcings is shown to be additive; that is, trends computed from the sum of the first two simulations are equal to trends from the third. Additivity is shown to hold for the zonal mean zonal wind and temperature, the mass flux into and out of the stratosphere, and the latitudinally averaged wave drag in SH spring and summer, as well as for final warming dates. Ozone depletion and recovery causes seasonal changes in lower-stratosphere mass flux, with reduced polar downwelling in the past followed by increased downwelling in the future in SH spring, and the reverse in SH summer. These seasonal changes are attributed to changes in wave drag caused by ozone-induced changes in the zonal mean zonal winds. Climate change, on the other hand, causes a steady decrease in wave drag during SH spring, which delays the breakdown of the vortex, resulting in increased wave drag in summer.
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Jung, James K. H., Saul G. Feinstein, Luis Palma Lazgare, Jill S. Macleod, Victoria H. Arrandale, Christopher B. McLeod, Alice Peter, and Paul A. Demers. "Examining lung cancer risks across different industries and occupations in Ontario, Canada: the establishment of the Occupational Disease Surveillance System." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 75, no. 8 (May 7, 2018): 545–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2017-104926.
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BackgroundThe Occupational Disease Surveillance System (ODSS) was established in Ontario, Canada by linking a cohort of workers with data created from Workplace Safety and Insurance Board (WSIB) claims to administrative health databases. The aim of this study was to use ODSS to identify high-risk industry and occupation groups for lung cancer in Ontario.MethodsWorkers in the WSIB lost time claims database were linked to the Ontario Cancer Registry using subjects’ health insurance numbers, name, sex, birthdate and death date (if applicable). Several occupations and industries known to be at increased risk were outlined a priori to examine whether ODSS could replicate these associations. Age-adjusted, sex-stratified Cox proportional hazard models compared the risk of lung cancer within one industry/occupation versus all other groups in the cohort. Workers with a lung cancer diagnosis prior to cohort entry were excluded for analysis, leaving 2 187 762 workers for analysis.ResultsDuring the 1983 to 2014 follow-up, 34 661 workers in the cohort were diagnosed with lung cancer. Among expected high-risk industries, elevated risks were observed among workers in quarries/sand pits and construction industries for both sexes, and among males in metal mines, iron foundries, non-metallic mineral products industries and transportation industries. Excess risk was also observed among occupations in drilling/blasting, other mining/quarrying, mineral ore treating, excavating/grading/paving, truck driving, painting, bus driving and construction.ConclusionsThis current surveillance system identified several established high-risk groups for lung cancer and could be used for ongoing surveillance of occupational lung cancer in Ontario.
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Cini, Ricardo De Amorim, Caroline Filla Rosaneli, and Anor Sganzerla. "Soberania alimentar na agenda de desenvolvimento sustentável." Monções: Revista de Relações Internacionais da UFGD 8, no. 16 (December 18, 2019): 458–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.30612/rmufgd.v8i16.9574.
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A produção de alimentos, da forma hegemônica, é uma das principais responsáveis pelos danos ao meio ambiente e crise climática. Além disso, o sistema agroalimentar, inserido numa lógica mercadológica que desvincula os aspectos éticos, sociais, culturais e humanos da alimentação, não consegue responder aos problemas da fome, má alimentação, produção sustentável, e democratização do acesso à terra, água e alimentos. Posto isso, os Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODSs) surgem como uma iniciativa internacional, construídos com metas globais, alinhando-se aos aspectos econômicos, sociais e ambientais para atingir o desenvolvimento sustentável. Dessa forma, fez-se uma análise crítica dos ODSs, através do conceito de soberania alimentar, que preconiza a autonomia dos povos em decidirem sobre sua própria alimentação, e, sua conexão com a bioética e os direitos humanos. O documento, por mais que traga algumas metas essenciais, principalmente relacionadas à sustentabilidade ambiental, não relaciona os problemas ambientais à produção, distribuição e consumo de alimentos. Além disso, não discute Doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, relacionadas ao padrão de dieta atual, como também não indica a garantia da alimentação como um direito humano.
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Reimann, Stefan, Martin K. Vollmer, Matthias Hill, Paul Schlauri, Myriam Guillevic, Dominik Brunner, Stephan Henne, Dominique Rust, and Lukas Emmenegger. "Long-term Observations of Atmospheric Halogenated Organic Trace Gases." CHIMIA International Journal for Chemistry 74, no. 3 (March 25, 2020): 136–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2533/chimia.2020.136.
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CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons) and other strong ozone-depleting halogenated organic trace gases were used in numerous industrial, household and agriculture applications. First atmospheric measurements of CFCs were performed in the 1970s, well ahead of the detection of the ozone hole in the 1980s. The continuous observation of these ozone-depleting substances (ODSs) is crucial for monitoring their global ban within the Montreal Protocol. In addition, also HFCs (fluorinated hydrocarbons) are measured, which were introduced as substitutes of ODSs and are potent greenhouse gases. Since 2000, Empa continuously measures more than 50 halogenated trace gases at the high-Alpine station of Jungfraujoch (3850 m asl) as part of the global AGAGE network (Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment). Jungfraujoch is the highest location worldwide where such measurements are performed, and the site where several of these compounds were measured in the atmosphere for the first time. The measurements at Jungfraujoch and at other globally well-positioned sites serve as an early warning system, i. e. before potentially harmful halogenated organic substances can accumulate and detrimentally affect the natural environment.
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Wang, Lei, Paul J. Kushner, and Darryn W. Waugh. "Southern Hemisphere Stationary Wave Response to Changes of Ozone and Greenhouse Gases." Journal of Climate 26, no. 24 (December 2, 2013): 10205–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-13-00160.1.
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Abstract The Southern Hemisphere (SH) stratospheric stationary wave amplitude increased significantly in late spring and early summer during the last two decades of the twentieth century. A suite of chemistry climate model simulations are examined to explore the underlying cause and the separate effects of anthropogenic forcing from ozone depleting substances (ODSs) and greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the past and projected SH stationary wave evolution. The model simulations produce trends in the wave amplitude similar to that observed, although somewhat weaker. In simulations with changing ODSs, this increase in amplitude is reproduced during the ozone depletion period and is reversed during the ozone recovery period. This response is related to changes in the strength and timing of the breakdown of the SH polar vortex associated with ozone depletion and recovery. GHG increases have little impact on the simulated stratospheric stationary wave amplitude but are projected to induce an eastward phase shift of the waves. This phase shift is linked to the strengthening of the subtropical jets driven by GHG forcing via sea surface warming.
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Vasta, Robert, Ian Crandell, Anthony Millican, Leanna House, and Eric Smith. "Outlier Detection for Sensor Systems (ODSS): A MATLAB Macro for Evaluating Microphone Sensor Data Quality." Sensors 17, no. 10 (October 13, 2017): 2329. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s17102329.
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Picolli, Icaro Roberto Azevedo, Tatiani Schmitt, Anete Alberton, and Carlos Eduardo de Almeida Ramôa. "Práticas para os objetivos de desenvolvimento sustentável: O Caso do Bairro da Juventude." Desenvolvimento em Questão 20, no. 58 (November 3, 2022): e12094. http://dx.doi.org/10.21527/2237-6453.2022.58.12094.
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Organizações da sociedade civil, entre elas empresas do terceiro setor, têm papel fundamental para o alcance dos Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODSs), foco da Agenda 2030. Os ODS são objetivos e metas definidos pela Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU), visando ao desenvolvimento sustentável. Nesse contexto, o artigo tem como objetivo analisar as ações desenvolvidas pela Organização Bairro da Juventude e a relação com os Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável a partir da ótica do Triple Botton Line – TBL. A Organização Bairro da Juventude desenvolve ações no âmbito da educação e atende crianças e adolescentes da região de Criciúma – SC que vivem em situação de vulnerabilidade. A pesquisa, de caráter qualitativo, consiste em um estudo de caso com os dados coletados por meio de entrevistas, observação direta e análise das comunicações públicas da Organização. A análise de conteúdo foi utilizada para fazer a interlocução das informações coletadas e as devidas conexões teóricas, propiciando o diagnóstico e prognóstico das ações com foco nos ODSs. Os resultados demonstraram que a Organização tem desenvolvido ações com os alunos e professores, visando à promoção e conscientização para o desenvolvimento sustentável e seus objetivos.
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Ichimura, Aiko, Yasuhiro Ebihara, Shuhei Mitani, Masato Noborio, Yuichi Takeuchi, Shoji Mizuno, Toshimasa Yamamoto, and Kazuhiro Tsuruta. "4H-SiC Trench MOSFET with Ultra-Low On-Resistance by Using Miniaturization Technology." Materials Science Forum 924 (June 2018): 707–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.924.707.
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The authors have developed 4H-SiC trench MOSFETs with orthogonal Deep-P structures (ODSs) to improve the trade-off between the on-resistance and the gate oxide field. The conditions of photolithography to realize a miniaturized Deep-P pattern have been optimized. The fabricated MOSFETs with ODS have demonstrated a low on-resistance of 2 mΩcm2 and a high breakdown voltage of 1.8 kV.
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Ormond, M., H. McParland, P. Thakrar, A. N. A. Donaldson, M. Andiappan, R. J. Cook, M. E. Escudier, et al. "Validation of an Oral Disease Severity Score (ODSS) tool for use in oral mucous membrane pemphigoid." British Journal of Dermatology 183, no. 1 (November 24, 2019): 78–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bjd.18566.
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Previdi, Michael, and Lorenzo M. Polvani. "Impact of the Montreal Protocol on Antarctic Surface Mass Balance and Implications for Global Sea Level Rise." Journal of Climate 30, no. 18 (August 10, 2017): 7247–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-17-0027.1.
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Abstract The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, adopted in 1987, is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out emissions of chlorofluorocarbons and other ozone-depleting substances (ODSs). A growing body of scientific evidence now suggests that the implementation of the Montreal Protocol will have significant effects on climate over the next several decades, both by enabling stratospheric ozone recovery and by decreasing atmospheric concentrations of ODSs, which are greenhouse gases. Here, using a state-of-the-art chemistry–climate model, the Community Earth System Model (Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model) [CESM(WACCM)], it is shown that the Montreal Protocol, through its impact on atmospheric ODS concentrations, leads to a substantial decrease in Antarctic surface mass balance (SMB) over the period 2006–65 relative to a hypothetical “World Avoided” scenario in which the Montreal Protocol has not been implemented. This SMB decrease produces an additional 25 mm of global sea level rise (GSLR) by the year 2065 relative to the present day. It is found, however, that the additional GSLR resulting from the relative decrease in Antarctic SMB is more than offset by a reduction in ocean thermal expansion, leading to a net mitigation of future GSLR due to the Montreal Protocol.
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Cao, Xiaodong, and Christian Rembe. "Non-Contact Damage Detection under Operational Conditions with Multipoint Laservibrometry." Sensors 20, no. 3 (January 28, 2020): 732. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20030732.
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Scanning laser–Doppler vibrometry (SLDV) can localize and visualize damages in mechanical structures. In order to enable scanning, it is necessary to repeat the vibration. Therefore, this technique is not suited to detect emerging hazards in working machinery that change the vibration behavior. A common technique for such cases is monitoring the vibration excited by machine operation with accelerometers. This technique requires mechanical coupling between sensors and the measurement object, which influences the high-frequency vibration responses. However, in the low-frequency range, local damages do not shift resonances or distort operational deflection shapes (ODS) significantly. These alterations in the vibration behavior are tiny and hard to detect. This paper shows that multipoint laservibrometry (MPV) with laser excitation can measure these effects efficiently, and it further demonstrates that damages influence ODSs at frequencies above 20 kHz much stronger than at frequencies below 20 kHz. In addition, ODS-based damage indices are discussed; these are highly sensitive to minute visible changes of the ODSs. In order to enhance the sensitivity of hazard detection, the response vector assurance criterion value is computed and evaluated during operation. The capabilities and limitations of the methodology on the example of a cantilever with manually emerging damage are demonstrated.
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Zhang, Yike, Wenliang Fan, Xi Chen, and Wei Li. "The Objective Dementia Severity Scale Based on MRI with Contrastive Learning: A Whole Brain Neuroimaging Perspective." Sensors 23, no. 15 (August 2, 2023): 6871. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23156871.
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In the clinical treatment of Alzheimer’s disease, one of the most important tasks is evaluating its severity for diagnosis and therapy. However, traditional testing methods are deficient, such as their susceptibility to subjective factors, incomplete evaluation, low accuracy, or insufficient granularity, resulting in unreliable evaluation scores. To address these issues, we propose an objective dementia severity scale based on MRI (ODSS-MRI) using contrastive learning to automatically evaluate the neurological function of patients. The approach utilizes a deep learning framework and a contrastive learning strategy to mine relevant information from structural magnetic resonance images to obtain the patient’s neurological function level score. Given that the model is driven by the patient’s whole brain imaging data, but without any possible biased manual intervention or instruction from the physician or patient, it provides a comprehensive and objective evaluation of the patient’s neurological function. We conducted experiments on the Alzheimer’s disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) dataset, and the results showed that the proposed ODSS-MRI was correlated with the stages of AD 88.55% better than all existing methods. This demonstrates its efficacy to describe the neurological function changes of patients during AD progression. It also outperformed traditional psychiatric rating scales in discriminating different stages of AD, which is indicative of its superiority for neurological function evaluation.
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Charlton-Perez, A. J., E. Hawkins, V. Eyring, I. Cionni, G. E. Bodeker, D. E. Kinnison, H. Akiyoshi, et al. "Quantifying uncertainty in projections of stratospheric ozone over the 21st century." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 10, no. 5 (May 6, 2010): 11915–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-10-11915-2010.
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Abstract. Future stratospheric ozone concentrations will be determined both by changes in the concentration of ozone depleting substances (ODSs) and by changes in stratospheric and tropospheric climate, including those caused by changes in anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHGs). Since future economic development pathways and resultant emissions of GHGs are uncertain, anthropogenic climate change could be a significant source of uncertainty for future projections of stratospheric ozone. In this pilot study, using an "ensemble of opportunity" of chemistry-climate model (CCM) simulations, the contribution of scenario uncertainty from different plausible emissions pathways for ODSs and GHGs to future ozone projections is quantified relative to the contribution from model uncertainty and internal variability of the chemistry-climate system. For both the global, annual mean ozone concentration and for ozone in specific geographical regions, differences between CCMs are the dominant source of uncertainty for the first two-thirds of the 21st century, up-to and after the time when ozone concentrations return to 1980 values. In the last third of the 21st century, dependent upon the set of greenhouse gas scenarios used, scenario uncertainty can be the dominant contributor. This result suggests that investment in chemistry-climate modelling is likely to continue to refine projections of stratospheric ozone and estimates of the return of stratospheric ozone concentrations to pre-1980 levels.
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Deviana, Meli, Agi Yulia Ria Dini, and Dewi Rokhanawati. "Ketuban Pecah Dini (KPD) Sebagai Determinan Kejadian Asfiksia pada Bayi Baru Lahir Di RSUD Panembahan Senopati Bantul." Syntax Literate ; Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia 6, no. 6 (June 20, 2021): 2886. http://dx.doi.org/10.36418/syntax-literate.v6i6.3107.
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Ketuban pecah dini merupakan masalah penting dalam obstetrik berkaitan dengan penyulit kelahiran dan terjadinya infeksi khorioamnionitis sampai sepsis yang meningkatkan morbiditas dan mortalitas perinatal dan menyebabkan infeksi ibu. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui Ketuban Pecah Dini (KPD) sebagai faktor determinan kejadian asfiksia pada bayi baru lahir di RSUD Panembahan Senopati Bantul DIY Tahun 2013. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif, metode survei, dan pendekatan case control study (retrospektif). Teknik sampling menggunakan simpel random sampling dengan jumlah sampel 74 BBL, dibagi menjadi 37 kelompok kasus dan 37 kelompok kontrol. Analisa data menggunakan Chi Square dan Odss Ratio. Hasil penelitian kejadian asfiksia pada riwayat persalinan KPD 25 orang (64,6%), sedangkan bayi yang lahir tanpa asfiksia dengan riwayat Ketuban Pecah Dini (KPD) 10 orang (27 %). Dengan α = 5% diperoleh nilai p = 0,000 (ρ<0,05) dan nilai Odss Ratio 5,625>1. Hal ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa persalinan dengan riwayat Ketuban Pecah Dini (KPD) memiliki hubungan yang bermakna dengan kelahiran bayi dengan asfiksia. Besar risiko terjadinya asfiksia bayi baru lahir pada riwayat persalinan ketuban pecah dini adalah 5 (lima) kali lipat lebih besar dibandingkan pada bayi baru lahir dari ibu tanpa riwayat ketuban pecah dini. Oleh karenanya, perlu dilakukan persiapan perawatan atau asuhan bayi dengan asfiksia apabila ditemukan kasus KPD sehingga hal ini dapat berperan untuk mengurangi angka kematian bayi yang disebabkan oleh kejadian asfiksia bayi baru lahir.
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Charlton-Perez, A. J., E. Hawkins, V. Eyring, I. Cionni, G. E. Bodeker, D. E. Kinnison, H. Akiyoshi, et al. "The potential to narrow uncertainty in projections of stratospheric ozone over the 21st century." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 10, no. 19 (October 7, 2010): 9473–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-9473-2010.
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Abstract. Future stratospheric ozone concentrations will be determined both by changes in the concentration of ozone depleting substances (ODSs) and by changes in stratospheric and tropospheric climate, including those caused by changes in anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHGs). Since future economic development pathways and resultant emissions of GHGs are uncertain, anthropogenic climate change could be a significant source of uncertainty for future projections of stratospheric ozone. In this pilot study, using an "ensemble of opportunity" of chemistry-climate model (CCM) simulations, the contribution of scenario uncertainty from different plausible emissions pathways for ODSs and GHGs to future ozone projections is quantified relative to the contribution from model uncertainty and internal variability of the chemistry-climate system. For both the global, annual mean ozone concentration and for ozone in specific geographical regions, differences between CCMs are the dominant source of uncertainty for the first two-thirds of the 21st century, up-to and after the time when ozone concentrations return to 1980 values. In the last third of the 21st century, dependent upon the set of greenhouse gas scenarios used, scenario uncertainty can be the dominant contributor. This result suggests that investment in chemistry-climate modelling is likely to continue to refine projections of stratospheric ozone and estimates of the return of stratospheric ozone concentrations to pre-1980 levels.
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Zeng, Guang, Olaf Morgenstern, Hisako Shiona, Alan J. Thomas, Richard R. Querel, and Sylvia E. Nichol. "Attribution of recent ozone changes in the Southern Hemisphere mid-latitudes using statistical analysis and chemistry–climate model simulations." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, no. 17 (September 7, 2017): 10495–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-10495-2017.
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Abstract. Ozone (O3) trends and variability from a 28-year (1987–2014) ozonesonde record at Lauder, New Zealand, have been analysed and interpreted using a statistical model and a global chemistry–climate model (CCM). Lauder is a clean rural measurement site often representative of the Southern Hemisphere (SH) mid-latitude background atmosphere. O3 trends over this period at this location are characterised by a significant positive trend below 6 km, a significant negative trend in the tropopause region and the lower stratosphere between 9 and 15 km, and no significant trend in the free troposphere (6–9 km) and the stratosphere above 15 km. We find that significant positive trends in lower tropospheric ozone are correlated with increasing temperature and decreasing relative humidity at the surface over this period, whereas significant negative trends in the upper troposphere and the lower stratosphere appear to be strongly linked to an upward trend of the tropopause height. Relative humidity and the tropopause height also dominate O3 variability at Lauder in the lower troposphere and the tropopause region, respectively. We perform an attribution of these trends to anthropogenic forcings including O3 precursors, greenhouse gases (GHGs), and O3-depleting substances (ODSs), using CCM simulations. Results indicate that changes in anthropogenic O3 precursors contribute significantly to stratospheric O3 reduction, changes in ODSs contribute significantly to tropospheric O3 reduction, and increased GHGs contribute significantly to stratospheric O3 increases at Lauder. Methane (CH4) likely contributes positively to O3 trends in both the troposphere and the stratosphere, but the contribution is not significant at the 95 % confidence level over this period. An extended analysis of CCM results covering 1960–2010 (i.e. starting well before the observations) reveals significant contributions from all forcings to O3 trends at Lauder – i.e. increases in GHGs and the increase in CH4 alone all contribute significantly to O3 increases, net increases in ODSs lead to O3 reduction, and increases in non-methane O3 precursors cause O3 increases in the troposphere and reductions in the stratosphere. This study suggests that a long-term ozonesonde record obtained at a SH mid-latitude background site (corroborated by a surface O3 record at a nearby SH mid-latitude site, Baring Head, which also shows a significant positive trend) is a useful indicator for detecting atmospheric composition and climate change associated with human activities.
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Cohen, Mirian Miranda, Miriam Hendrischky, and Marcelino José Jorge. "Gestão por processos, alinhamento estratégico e agenda 2030." Revista Pensamento Contemporâneo em Administração 15, no. 3 (November 3, 2021): 107–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.12712/rpca.v15i3.51111.
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Artigo de pesquisa intervencionista, avalia a implantação da Gestão por Processos na Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), orientada pela expectativa de promover a agenda pública, em meio aos gaps[1] estruturais que desafiam a excelência operacional. Adota referencial BPM - Business Process Management[2]: processos são analisados para qualificação ou reestruturação em rede, de modo a atender compromissos com as partes interessadas e direcionadores estratégicos da Estratégia Fiocruz para a Agenda 2030. Resulta na incorporação dos ODSs, por adesão a requisitos de excelência operacional e responsabilidade pública e socioambiental.
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Langematz, Ulrike, Franziska Schmidt, Markus Kunze, Gregory E. Bodeker, and Peter Braesicke. "Antarctic ozone depletion between 1960 and 1980 in observations and chemistry–climate model simulations." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16, no. 24 (December 20, 2016): 15619–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-15619-2016.
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Abstract. The year 1980 has often been used as a benchmark for the return of Antarctic ozone to conditions assumed to be unaffected by emissions of ozone-depleting substances (ODSs), implying that anthropogenic ozone depletion in Antarctica started around 1980. Here, the extent of anthropogenically driven Antarctic ozone depletion prior to 1980 is examined using output from transient chemistry–climate model (CCM) simulations from 1960 to 2000 with prescribed changes of ozone-depleting substance concentrations in conjunction with observations. A regression model is used to attribute CCM modelled and observed changes in Antarctic total column ozone to halogen-driven chemistry prior to 1980. Wintertime Antarctic ozone is strongly affected by dynamical processes that vary in amplitude from year to year and from model to model. However, when the dynamical and chemical impacts on ozone are separated, all models consistently show a long-term, halogen-induced negative trend in Antarctic ozone from 1960 to 1980. The anthropogenically driven ozone loss from 1960 to 1980 ranges between 26.4 ± 3.4 and 49.8 ± 6.2 % of the total anthropogenic ozone depletion from 1960 to 2000. An even stronger ozone decline of 56.4 ± 6.8 % was estimated from ozone observations. This analysis of the observations and simulations from 17 CCMs clarifies that while the return of Antarctic ozone to 1980 values remains a valid milestone, achieving that milestone is not indicative of full recovery of the Antarctic ozone layer from the effects of ODSs.
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Baker, J., JR Paturel, and K. Kimpinski. "P.111 Initial validation of symptom scores derived from the Orthostatic Discriminant and Severity Scale." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 45, s2 (June 2018): S45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2018.213.
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Background: To develop a scale to quantify and discriminate orthostatic from non-orthostatic symptoms. We present initial validation and reliability of orthostatic and non-orthostatic symptom scores taken from the Orthostatic Discriminate and Severity Scale (ODSS). Methods: Validity and reliability were assessed in participants with and without orthostatic intolerance. Convergent validity was assessed by correlating symptoms scores with previously validated tools (Autonomic Symptom Profile (ASP) and the Orthostatic Hypotension Questionnaire (OHQ)). Clinical validity was assessed by correlating scores against standardized autonomic testing. Test-retest reliability was calculated using an intra-class correlation coefficient. Results:Convergent Validity: Orthostatic (OS) and Non-Orthostatic (NS) Symptom Scores from 77 controls and 67 patients with orthostatic intolerance were highly correlated with both the Orthostatic Intolerance index of the ASP (OS:r=0.903;NS:r=0.651; p<0.001) and the OHQ: (OS:r=0.800;NS:r=0.574; p<0.001). Clinical Validity: Symptom Scores were significantly correlated with the blood pressure change during head-up tilt (OS:r=-0.445;NS:r=-0.354; p<0.001). Patients with orthostatic intolerance had significantly higher symptom scores compared to controls (OS:66.5±18.1 vs. 17.4±12.9; NS:19.9±11.3 vs. 10.2±6.8; p<0.001, respectively). Test-retest reliability: Both symptom scores were highly reliable (OS:r=0.956;NS:r=0.574, respectively; p<0.001) with an internal consistency of 0.978 and 0.729, respectively. Conclusions: Our initial results demonstrate that the ODSS is capable of producing valid and reliable Orthostatic and Non-Orthostatic Symptom Scores.