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1
So, Tak-wing. "Odour nuisance from restaurants and its control /." [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1993. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13498563.
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Murali, Sathish kumar. "Odor sensitivity in CD-1 mice for "green" odors." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Molekylär genetik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-68956.
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―Green‖ odors comprise a group of eight structurally related aliphatic alkenals and alkenols which are characteristic for the odor of a wide variety of plant materials. Using an automated olfactometer, the olfactory detection thresholds for ―green‖ odors were determined in six CD-1 mice and compared with that of spider monkeys and human subjects. Detection threshold values for alcoholic ‖green‖ odors (cis-3-hexen-1-ol, trans-3-hexen-1-ol, trans-2-hexen-1-ol and 1-hexanol) ranged from 8.1 x 109 to 8.1 x 1011 molecules/cm3 and for aldehydic ‖green‖ odors (cis-3-hexenal, trans-3-hexenal, trans-2-hexenal and n-hexanal) , from 8.1 x 107 to 8.1 x 1011 molecules/ cm3 . Detection threshold values of ―green‖ odor with double bond ranged from 8.1 x 107 to 8.1 x 1011 molecules/cm3 and for ―green‖ odor without double bond ranged from 8.1 x 108 to 8.1 x 1011 molecules/cm3. Detection threshold value of cis- configured ―green‖ odors ranged from 8.1 x 108 to 8.1 x 1011 molecules/ cm3 and for trans- configured ―green‖ odors threshold value ranged from 8.1 x 107 to 8.1 x 1011 molecules/ cm3. Trans-2-hexenal with a double bond at C-2 position in its molecular structure yielded the lowest detection threshold value when compared the other ―green‖ odors (8.1 x 107 to 8.1 x 109 molecules /cm3) which shows not only the presence of double bond plays a major role in detection but the position of the double bond present. A comparison between the present data and data from the other species showed that CD-1 mice displayed lower detection thresholds for all ‖green‖ odors than human subjects and spider monkeys except for the cis-3-hexen-1-ol odor. These findings suggest that the differences in the threshold values between ―green‖ odors are due to the difference in the molecular structure like the presence of double bond and the position of double bond.
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Wintermann, Gloria-Beatrice, Markus Donix, Peter Joraschky, Johannes Gerber, and Katja Petrowski. "Altered Olfactory Processing of Stress Related Body Odors and Artificial Odors in Patients with Panic Disorder." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-132093.
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Background: Patients with Panic Disorder (PD) direct their attention towards potential threat, followed by panic attacks, and increased sweat production. Onés own anxiety sweat odor influences the attentional focus, and discrimination of threat or non-threat. Since olfactory projection areas overlap with neuronal areas of a panic-specific fear network, the present study investigated the neuronal processing of odors in general and of stress-related sweat odors in particular in patients with PD.
Methods: A sample of 13 patients with PD with/ without agoraphobia and 13 age- and gender-matched healthy controls underwent an fMRI investigation during olfactory stimulation with their stress-related sweat odors (TSST, ergometry) as well as artificial odors (peach, artificial sweat) as non-fearful non-body odors.
Principal Findings: The two groups did not differ with respect to their olfactory identification ability. Independent of the kind of odor, the patients with PD showed activations in fronto-cortical areas in contrast to the healthy controls who showed activations in olfaction-related areas such as the amygdalae and the hippocampus. For artificial odors, the patients with PD showed a decreased neuronal activation of the thalamus, the posterior cingulate cortex and the anterior cingulate cortex. Under the presentation of sweat odor caused by ergometric exercise, the patients with PD showed an increased activation in the superior temporal gyrus, the supramarginal gyrus, and the cingulate cortex which was positively correlated with the severity of the psychopathology. For the sweat odor from the anxiety condition, the patients with PD showed an increased activation in the gyrus frontalis inferior, which was positively correlated with the severity of the psychopathology.
Conclusions: The results suggest altered neuronal processing of olfactory stimuli in PD. Both artificial odors and stress-related body odors activate specific parts of a fear-network which is associated with an increased severity of the psychopathology.
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Wintermann, Gloria-Beatrice, Markus Donix, Peter Joraschky, Johannes Gerber, and Katja Petrowski. "Altered Olfactory Processing of Stress Related Body Odors and Artificial Odors in Patients with Panic Disorder." Public Library of Science, 2013. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A27420.
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Background: Patients with Panic Disorder (PD) direct their attention towards potential threat, followed by panic attacks, and increased sweat production. Onés own anxiety sweat odor influences the attentional focus, and discrimination of threat or non-threat. Since olfactory projection areas overlap with neuronal areas of a panic-specific fear network, the present study investigated the neuronal processing of odors in general and of stress-related sweat odors in particular in patients with PD.
Methods: A sample of 13 patients with PD with/ without agoraphobia and 13 age- and gender-matched healthy controls underwent an fMRI investigation during olfactory stimulation with their stress-related sweat odors (TSST, ergometry) as well as artificial odors (peach, artificial sweat) as non-fearful non-body odors.
Principal Findings: The two groups did not differ with respect to their olfactory identification ability. Independent of the kind of odor, the patients with PD showed activations in fronto-cortical areas in contrast to the healthy controls who showed activations in olfaction-related areas such as the amygdalae and the hippocampus. For artificial odors, the patients with PD showed a decreased neuronal activation of the thalamus, the posterior cingulate cortex and the anterior cingulate cortex. Under the presentation of sweat odor caused by ergometric exercise, the patients with PD showed an increased activation in the superior temporal gyrus, the supramarginal gyrus, and the cingulate cortex which was positively correlated with the severity of the psychopathology. For the sweat odor from the anxiety condition, the patients with PD showed an increased activation in the gyrus frontalis inferior, which was positively correlated with the severity of the psychopathology.
Conclusions: The results suggest altered neuronal processing of olfactory stimuli in PD. Both artificial odors and stress-related body odors activate specific parts of a fear-network which is associated with an increased severity of the psychopathology.
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Rybalsky, Konstantin A. "Semantic Influences on Episodic Memory for Odors." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1249320184.
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Chen, Lide. "Mitigating odors from animal facilities using biofilters." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2008.
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Schreiner, Linda [Verfasser]. "Characterization of conifer wood regarding its odor-active constituents, their structure-odor relationships, and the influence of wood odors on humans / Linda Schreiner." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1220568031/34.
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Pouliot, Sandra. "Recognition memory for emotionally arousing odors : a neuropsychological investigation." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=107473.
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Note:The aim of this dissertation was 10 investigate if and how emotional arousalinfluences odor memory. I conducted three studies , one of which invo lved pat ients withresect ion from the medial tcmporal lobc including the amygd ala (MTLR). In the first experiment of Study 1, participants showed better memory for odo rs rated as being more emotionally arousing than tor odors rated as less arousing.
Cette dissertation avail pour objectif d'etudier si, de quelle maniere. L'eveil emotionnel influence la memoire olfactive. J'ai effectue trois etudes, dont une impliquant des patients ayant subi une resection du lobe temporal median inc1uant l'amygdalc (MTLR). Dans la premiere experience de l'etude 1, la reconnaissance des odeurs plus emotionnellement eveillantes a ete superieure a celle des odeurs moins eveillantes.
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Chan, Ming-yan. "Sheung Shui abattoir." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25949469.
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Thesis (M. Arch.)--University of Hong Kong, 1995.Includes special study report entitled: Odour pollutant emissions control methodologies: for an abattoir and other applications. Includes bibliographical references.
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Wise, Paul M. "Latency and accuracy of same-different discriminations of odor quality between binary mixtures and their components /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9992387.
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Thoma, Michael Verfasser], Bill S. [Akademischer Betreuer] [Hansson, Jürgen [Akademischer Betreuer] Bolz, and Ilona [Akademischer Betreuer] Grunwald-Kadow. "The valence of odors and odor mixtures in Drosophila / Michael Thoma. Gutachter: Bill S. Hansson ; Jürgen Bolz ; Ilona Grunwald-Kadow." Jena : Thüringer Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Jena, 2016. http://d-nb.info/109466250X/34.
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Thoma, Michael [Verfasser], Bill S. [Akademischer Betreuer] Hansson, Jürgen [Akademischer Betreuer] Bolz, and Ilona [Akademischer Betreuer] Grunwald-Kadow. "The valence of odors and odor mixtures in Drosophila / Michael Thoma. Gutachter: Bill S. Hansson ; Jürgen Bolz ; Ilona Grunwald-Kadow." Jena : Thüringer Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Jena, 2016. http://d-nb.info/109466250X/34.
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Løtvedt, Pia Katrine. "Olfactory sensitivity of spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi) for "green odors"." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för fysik, kemi och biologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-70204.
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Primates have traditionally been viewed as having a poorly developed sense of smell. However, in recent years, studies have shown that at least some primate species use olfaction in a number of behaviors, and that they have a high olfactory sensitivity for various chemical classes of odorants. Using a two-choice instrumental conditioning paradigm, the present study assessed olfactor ydetection thresholds of three spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi) for eight aliphatic alcohols and aldehydes, known as "green odors". With all odorants, the animals detected concentrations below 1 parts per million, with single individuals performing even better. The type of functional group present systematically affected olfactory detection thresholds, whereas the presence, position and configuration of a double bond did not. Compared to previously tested classes of odorants, thespider monkeys were not particularly sensitive to "green odors". Furthermore, they are lesssensitive for "green odors" compared to humans and mice. The present results suggest that neuroanatomical and genetic comparisons across species are poor predictors of olfactory sensitivity.
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Varendi, Heili. "Human newborn behavior during exposure to maternal and other odors /." Stockholm, 2001. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2001/91-628-4787-2/.
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Oleszkiewicz, Anna, Robert Pellegrino, Katharina Pusch, Celine Margot, and Thomas Hummel. "Chemical complexity of odors increases reliability of olfactory threshold testing." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-226947.
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Assessment of odor thresholds is a widely recognized method of measuring olfactory abilities in humans. To date no attempts have been made to assess whether chemical complexity of odors used can produce more reliable results. To this end, we performed two studies of repeated measures design with 121 healthy volunteers (age 19–62 years). In Study 1, we compared thresholds obtained from tests based on one odor presented in a pen-like odor dispensing device with three odors and six odors mixtures presented in glass containers. In study 2 we compared stimuli of one and three odors, both presented in glass containers. In both studies measurements were performed twice, separated by at least three days. Results indicate that the multiple odor mixtures produced more reliable threshold scores, as compared to thresholds based on a single substance.
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Eyres, Graham Terence, and n/a. "Determination of character-impact odorants in hop essential oils using hyphenated techniques in gas chromatography." University of Otago. Department of Food Science, 2007. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20080125.143442.
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Hops (Humulus lupulus L.) are an indispensable component of beer, with the essential oil responsible for imparting distinctive odour and aroma characteristics to beer. However, not all character-impact odorants in hop essential oil have been identified and hop aroma in beer is still not completely understood. The composition of hop essential oil is very complex with 485 compounds currently identified in the literature, and recent research suggests that up to 1000 compounds may actually be present. Only a certain number will be present at concentrations above threshold and make a direct contribution to the odour of the oil. In addition, many important odorants are only present at trace concentrations. Gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O) using human assessors is the best way to locate potent odorants and facilitate their identification.
A novel methodology was developed to identify the character-impact odorants in hop essential oil samples using hyphenated techniques in gas chromatography. GC-O was used to locate odour active compounds and determine relative importance using CharmAnalysis[TM] according to the odour potency principle. Due to the chemical complexity of the samples, considerable co-elution of peaks occurs during single column gas chromatography (1DGC), making the detection and identification of character-impact odorants challenging. Therefore, comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GCxGC) combined with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) was used to resolve and identify compounds eluting in the odour active regions.
The methodology was developed in a case study on coriander (Coriandrum sativum) and wild coriander (Eryngium foetidum) leaf essential oils. During GC-O analysis of these samples it was recognised that odour active regions frequently coincide with several co-eluting compounds. To address this, a heart-cut multidimensional gas chromatography-olfactometry (MDGC-O) instrument was developed to resolve these 'co-eluting odour clusters' and determine the compound(s) responsible for the odour perception.
The 'spicy' character of hops is considered to be a desirable attribute in beer associated with 'noble hop aroma'. However, the compounds responsible have yet to be adequately elucidated. This character was investigated using a commercial 'Spicy' fraction of hop essential oil, selectively enriched for monoterpene and sesquiterpene alcohols. The odour active compounds in (i) the spicy fractions and (ii) the whole essential oils of four different hop varieties were compared using the presented methodology.
A compound with an intense 'woody, cedarwood' odour was determined to be a potent, character-impact odorant in all samples. This odour coincided with a complex region of the chromatogram where up to thirteen compounds were co-eluting. The peak responsible for this odour was determined by (i) correlation of peak areas with odour potency (Charm) values and (ii) MDGC-O. The compound was tentatively identified by GCxGC-TOFMS as 14-hydroxy-β-caryophyllene, which has not previously been reported as an odorant in hop essential oil. It was concluded that this compound and other 'woody, cedarwood' odorants contributed to the 'spicy' character of the investigated hop samples. Compounds previously associated with noble hop aroma, notably caryophyllene oxide, humulene epoxides I and II, and humulenol II, did not contribute to the odour character of the hop samples.
Other potent odorants that were identified in the whole essential oil and spicy fractions of hops were: geraniol, linalool, β-ionone, eugenol, isovaleric acid, and β-damascenone. While myrcene was a moderately potent odorant in the whole hop essential oil samples, the abundant sesquiterpene hydrocarbons α-humulene, β-caryophyllene and β-farnesene did not significantly contribute to the odour character.
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Kacker, Ritika. "Identification and generation pattern of odor-causing compounds in dewatered biosolids during long-term storage and effect of digestion and dewatering techniques on odors." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/44417.
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The main objective of this research was to identify the compounds responsible for persistent odors in biosolids during long-term storage using olfactometry measurements and to determine their generation pattern with regard to time of appearance and decline using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Another objective of this study was to investigate the effect of various digestion and dewatering techniques on odors and determine if there is a correlation between the peak concentration and time of appearance of short-tem organic sulfur odors and persistent odors. Headspace analysis was used to quantify short-term odor-causing organic sulfur compounds and persistent odors from compounds such as indole, skatole, butyric acid and p-cresol for an incubation period up to 150 days.
A unique odor generation pattern was observed for each of the compounds analyzed for all the dewatered cakes tested in this study. Dewatered cake samples were also analyzed to determine their detection threshold by a trained odor panel and the results were consistent with the general pattern of odor generation observed in this study. Positive correlations were observed between the peak concentration of organic sulfur and persistent odor compounds whereas little or no relationship was observed between their times of appearance. The type of sludge used in digestion (primary sludge, WAS and mix) was found to affect the production of odor-causing compounds significantly. Primary sludge produces the highest odors followed by mix. WAS was found to produce biosolids with a low odor concentration. Positive correlation was observed between odor concentration and digestion SRT. Significant reduction in odor concentration was observed when the SRT was increased from 12-days to 25-days. At 45-day SRT, further reduction in odors was not very significant. Moreover, the results from this study indicate that methanogens play an important role in the degradation of both organic sulfur and persistent odors. Although the highest odors during biosolids incubation came from sulfur compounds, the persistent odors must be managed as part of a comprehensive sludge management approach.Master of Science
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Orr, Margaret Prehn. "Reduction of odors associated with chlorine dioxide applications to drinking water." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41596.
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Chlorine dioxide has been used in drinking water treatment for the reduction of trihalomethanes and tastes-and-odors. Recently, chlorine dioxide was implicated as the source of offensive "cat-urine-like" and "kerosene-like" odors in drinking water. The purpose of this project was to determine the cause of odors observed in customers homes at times when chlorine dioxide was being applied to drinking water. Data were obtained through a survey and field sampling at utilities experiencing odor events. Once the cause was determined, potential water-treatment procedures were evaluated in laboratory-scale studies.
Results from a survey sent to water utilities throughout the United States showed that customers who recently had installed new carpeting complained of odors more than those who had not. The use of chlorine dioxide caused responses to intensity of certain tastes-and-odors to increase, two of these odors were cat urine and kerosene.
Field sampling at two water companies during odor events resulted in the discovery of low-levels of residual chlorine dioxide (0.2-0.7 mg/L) at the tap's of customers. Both the cat-urine- and kerosene-like odors were detected by the research team. To verify a proposed mechanism of odor generation, chlorine dioxide was volatilized in a room with new carpeting. Both odors were produced in amounts great enough to be easily detected by the entire panel.
The removal of residual chlorite from drinking water would block a mechanism by which chlorine dioxide may be reformed from reactions between residual chlorite and free chlorine added for distribution system residual maintenance. Chlorite was removed by powdered activated carbon (PAC) enmeshed in alum floc in laboratory-constituted water and Po River water. A high level of PAC (50 mg/L) was required to effect good removal. A simulated floc-blanket clarifier effectively removed high levels of chlorite (>5 mg/L) from drinking water for long periods (12 hours) when PAC in high concentration was enmeshed in the floc.
Chlorine dioxide reformed in the distribution system of two water companies. When customers opened water faucets, chlorine dioxide volatilized into the room and reacted with organic compounds present in the household air (e.g. from new carpeting) producing the offensive cat-urine-like and kerosene-like odors. The reformation of chlorine dioxide could be effectively eliminated if residual chlorite could be removed by contact with high levels of PAC enmeshed in an alum floc such as one could produce in a floc-blanket clarifier.Master of Science
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Takwi, Colette Nchong. "An assessment of the management of odour at the Athlone wastewater treatment works, Cape Town." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2788.
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Thesis (MTech (Environmental Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017.¹Odour nuisance is increasingly becoming one of the major environmental problems in various countries across the world, especially odour associated with wastewater (Alfonsin et al., 2015; Schlegelmilch et al., 2005; Gostelow et al., 2001). As a result, the management of odour from Wastewater Treatment Works (WWTW) has become one of the environmental challenges besetting these facilities in recent times. The dispersion of odour across the physical boundary of wastewater treatment facilities presents not only negative environmental impacts to the natural environment, but also constitute a nuisance to surrounding populations. The Athlone (WWTW) located in the urban City of Cape Town with high demographics and adjacent to sensitive communities is thus not immune to poor air quality associated with WWTW activities (Walton, 2005). The population growth due to rural-urban migration has further put severe pressure on the facility and thus worsening the odour problem in the area. As a result, complaints have been received by the City Council from the surrounding communities over the last 20 years. In response to these complaints, the management of the WWTW introduced an odour management system with a particular focus on the use of a biotrickling filter coupled with the use of odour masking sprays. This management intervention was adopted in order to control the odour emitted to the atmosphere from the facility (WWTW). While these measures are said to reduce the prevalence of odour to the surrounding environment, it was, however, not clear whether or not such management interventions have reduced odour emitted from the treatment plant. This research was premised on two postulations as an approach to analyse the effect of the odour management plan adopted by the Athlone WWTW’s management and these are: 1) the perceived experience of odour by the adjacent neighbouring communities and, 2) the understanding of the inherent atmospheric dynamics (such as wind velocity, atmospheric stability, inversion layer and ventilation) which influence odour dispersal in the area. The research project argues that these two factors should be taken into account to ensure that the management of odour is sustainable. It is within this background that the research aimed at assessing the management of odour at the Athlone WWTW and to find out, if at all, the inherent local atmospheric conditions in the area and views of the surrounding communities are incorporated into the management of odour from the plant. The methodological design adopted in the study was case study approach. However, the atmospheric data (wind speed and direction) was obtained from the South African Weather Service (SAWS). These variables were analysed qualitatively and experimentally by the use of wind diagrams to provide insight on 2atmospheric stability conditions, surface inversion and topographical properties, and how these phenomenon influences odour dispersion. The study also reviewed previous odour management reports produced by the Althone WWTW management. This type of data was finally supported by data collected from the community by means of a community survey, face-to-face in-depth interviews and qualitative observation. Some major findings from the study revealed that the local weather of Athlone influences the dispersion of odour – facilitating dispersion in the summer through high wind velocities, while impeding dispersion during winter due to the presence of atmospheric stability conditions. Prevailing odours in this community has led to a general feeling of displeasure amongst community members especially since the management of the treatment plan does not include the local community in the decision-making process. In spite of these, the facility’s management approach was found to be more of a response driven nature even though it is ranked as a high-risk facility.
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SILVA-NÉTO, Raimundo Pereira da. "Modelo experimental de diferenciação por odores entre migrânea e outras cefaleias primárias." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2016. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/18022.
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Cefaleias primárias são decorrentes de disfunção cerebral e incluem migrânea, cefaleia do tipo tensional, cefaleias trigêmino-autonômicas e outras. Diversos fatores podem desencadear crises de cefaleia, mas os odores, especialmente o perfume, estão associados à migrânea. Objetivos: Caracterizar a estimulação olfatória como fator desencadeante de crises de cefaleia e de diferenciação entre migrânea e outras cefaleias primárias. Sujeitos e Métodos: O estudo foi prospectivo, experimental, randomizado com comparação de grupos, realizado no período de março a junho de 2015. Foram convidados 158 voluntários (73 homens e 85 mulheres) diagnosticados com cefaleias primárias, de acordo com os critérios da International Classification of Headache Disorders, Third Edition (beta version) (ICHD-3β). O estudo foi realizado por dois examinadores; atribuiu-se ao primeiro, diagnosticar a presença e o tipo de cefaleia primária, enquanto o segundo foi responsável pela exposição dos voluntários ao odor e pelo registro dos efeitos dessa exposição. Resultados: Dos 158 voluntários com cefaleia, houve 72 (45,6%) casos de migrânea e 86 (54,4%) com outras cefaleias primárias. Dos 72 migranosos, 53 (73,6%) eram mulheres e 19 (26,4%), homens e dos 86 casos de outras cefaleias primárias, 32 (37,2%) eram mulheres e 54 (62,8%), homens. A idade dos voluntários com migrânea e com outras cefaleias primárias foi, respectivamente, 22,5±3,10 e 22,9±3,10 anos. Essas diferenças não foram significantes (tmédias=0,666; p=0,566). Nos dois grupos, houve diferença nas características da cefaleia (c2=4,132; p=0,046). O odor desencadeou cefaleia (25/72; 34,7%) e náusea (5/72; 6,9%) apenas nos voluntários com migrânea, correspondendo a 19,0% (30/158) da amostra e em nenhum com outras cefaleias primárias (χ²=43,78; p<0,001). A cefaleia ocorreu mais frequentemente associada à náusea (p=0,146) e de localização bilateral (p=0,002) nos migranosos que apresentaram cefaleia desencadeada por odor. A cefaleia foi desencadeada após 118,0±24,6 min e a náusea após 72,8±84,7 min da exposição ao odor. Conclusões: O odor desencadeou crises de cefaleia ou náusea apenas nos pacientes com migrânea. Portanto, cefaleia desencadeada por odores poderá ser considerada um fator de diferenciação entre migrânea e outras cefaleias primárias e esse gatilho parece muito específico da migrânea.
Primary headaches are due to brain dysfunction and include migraine, tension-type headache, trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias and others. Several factors can trigger headache attacks, but odors, especially perfume, are associated with migraine. Objectives: To characterize the olfactory stimulation as a trigger of headaches and differentiation of crises between migraine and other primary headaches. Subjects and Method: The study was prospective, experimental, randomized with comparison of groups and conducted from March to June 2015. One hundred fifty-eight volunteers (73 men and 85 women) were diagnosed with primary headaches, according to criteria of the International Classification of Headache Disorders, third edition (beta version) (ICHD-3β). The study was conducted by two examiners and assigned to the first to diagnose the presence and type of primary headache, while the second was responsible for exposing the volunteers to odor and the recording the effects of this exposure. Results: Of the 158 volunteers with headache, there were 72 (45.6%) cases of migraine and 86 (54.4%) with other primary headaches. Of the 72 migraineurs, 53 (73.6%) were female and 19 (26.4%) male and 86 cases of other primary headaches, 32 (37.2%) were female and 54 (62.8%) male. The age of subjects with migraine and other primary headache was, respectively, 22.5 ± 3.10 and 22.9 ± 3.10 years. These differences were not significant (tmean=0.666; p=0.566). In both groups, there were differences in headache characteristics (c2=4.132; p=0.046). Headache attacks (25/72; 34.7%) and nausea (5/72; 6.9%) were triggered only in subjects with migraine, corresponding to 19.0% (30/158) of the sample, but in no with other primary headaches (χ²=43.78; p<0.001). Headache occurred more often associated with nausea (p=0.146) and bilateral location (p=0.002) in migraineurs who had headache triggered by odor. Headache was triggered after 118.0±24.6 min and nausea after 72.8±84.7 min of exposure to odor. Conclusions: The odor triggered headache attacks or nausea only in migraineurs. Therefore, headache triggered by odors may be considered a factor of differentiation between migraine and other primary headaches and this trigger seems very specific of migraine.
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Dickman, Brian D. "Chemical and hydromechanical cue structure in the context of turbulent odor plume tracking." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/26501.
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Thesis (Ph.D)--Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.Committee Member: Roberts, Philip; Committee Member: Sturm, Terry; Committee Member: weissburg, marc; Committee Member: yoda, minami. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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Stitzel, Shannon E. "Microsphere array-based artificial nose : a continuing study toward multiple applications /." Thesis, Connect to Dissertations & Theses @ Tufts University, 2003.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Tufts University, 2003.Adviser: David R. Walt. Submitted to the Dept. of Chemistry. Includes bibliographical references. Access restricted to members of the Tufts University community. Also available via the World Wide Web;
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Harris, Regina Gray Williamson David A. "Social emanations toward a sociology of human olfaction /." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2007. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-5170.
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Buffin, Lisa Webster. "Treatment of algae-induced tastes and odors by chlorine, chlorine dioxide and permanganate." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42612.
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Chlorine (C12(sq»' chlorine dioxide (Cl02 ) and potassium permanganate (KMn04) were evaluated as oxidants for the removal of grassy and cucumber odors associated with the pure compounds, cis-3-hexenol and trans-2, cis-6-nonadienal, respectively, and for the removal of fishy odors associated with a culture of an alga, Synura petersenii. The effects of the oxidants on the pure compounds were assessed both by Flavor Profile Analysis (FPA) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The effects of the oxidants on the algae culture were evaluated by FPA only. In addition, an unoxidized sample of Synura petersenii was analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) for possible identification of fishy-smelling compounds.
Chlorine (1-6 mg/L) and KMn04 (0.25-4 mg/L) markedly reduced grassy and cucumber odors associated with the two compounds. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry confirmed that these compounds were reduced to below method detection limits. Levels of C12(&q) required (up to 6 mg/L) to reduce the grassy odors associated with cis-3-hexenol were higher than those of KMno4 â ¢ The high C12(&q) doses may have contributed to the formation of chemical odors observed by panelists. Two isomers of chlorohexenol were confidently identified as byproducts of cis-3-hexenol chlorination and may have contributed to the chemical odors that developed after CI2(aq) treatment. Chlorine and KMn04 (both at 10 mg/L) either reduced or destroyed the fishy odor associated with the culture of Synura petersenii; however, oxidation caused either the development or unmasking of fruity, cucumber, melon and grassy odors.
Chlorine dioxide (3 mg/L) did not reduce the grassy and cucumber odors associated with cis-3-hexenol and trans-2, cis-6-nonadienal , respectively. Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry confirmed that concentrations of these compounds were not reduced to below method detection limits. Furthermore, at a concentration of 10 mg/L, CI02 did not effectively reduce either the fishy or other objectionable odors associated with Synura petersenii culture.
Hexanal, with an odor described as "green" or "like lettuce heart," and trans-2, cis-6-nonadienal (cucumber odor) were confirmed as algal products in a two-week-old culture of Synura petersenii. In addition, decatrienal was confidently identified as a product of Synura and may have contributed to the fishy odor associated with this alga.Master of Science
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Taylor, Brian Kyle. "TRACKING FLUID-BORNE ODORS IN DIVERSE AND DYNAMIC ENVIRONMENTS USING MULTIPLE SENSORY MECHANISMS." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1341601566.
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Khanna, Amar. "Exploring human response to odors as a design research tool: a qualitative investigation." The Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1329423133.
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Studer, Thomas. "Smelling out the competition: Response behavior of naive crayfish to novel crayfish odors." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1401464496.
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Perrotta, Valentina. "The smell of altruism: Incidental pleasant odors and chemosignal as prosocial decisions moderators." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/367878.
Full textAbstract:
The study of the interactions between olfaction and the decision making processes has mainly focused on the investigation of what is considered the most useful odor to disperse in the air to drive the consumers' choices to prefer a product rather than another one. Despite the fact that some studies showed the existence of associations between odors and prosocial behavior, much less data are available on the links between olfaction and donation in favor of public goods. Thus, the main purpose of the series of experiments described in this thesis is precisely that to shed some light on the investigation of the nature of pleasant odor-decision and on the chemosignal-decision associations.
In order to achieve this, the presence of an odor and the congruence between odor and decision task has been manipulated, and the decision to donate has been tested in different domains.
Therefore, in the first series of experiments, we manipulated the presence of an ambient pleasant odor, expecting that the congruent stimuli sharing the more stable association odor-concept, would have resulted in an overall increase in the WTC (willingness to contribute) and WTP (willingness to pay) in the decision to donate in favor of a public good. The results confirmed the existence of an association between the olfactory stimulus congruence and the amount donated in favor of a public good. Interestingly, this effect is confirmed in both hypothetical and real decision settings. Moreover, the stimulus modality was manipulated presenting congruent olfactory or visual stimuli. Our findings confirmed the preferential link between olfaction and cognitive processes and showed higher donations in the olfactory setting (compared to the visual one).
The existence of associations between odors and words are examined to know if the odors could semantically drive cognitive processes different from decision making. The results confirmed the existence of an association between the olfactory stimulus pleasantness and the performance in a lexical decision task (LDT). Thus, this effect is mediated by the presence of a pleasant odor and not by the semantic congruence between odor and the presented words. Moreover, the visual modality tend to worsen the LDT performance even if the visual stimulus was semantically congruent with the word presented.
Finally, even though the semantic link appears to be crucial for cognitive processes such as decision, it seems not so important for memory and linguistic processes involved in the LDT.
The second series of studies involved the presence of chemosignal, expecting that the congruity between stimulus and decision (the chemosignal used is AND, known as the best candidate to be considered a human chemosignal) would have resulted in an overall increase in amount of money donate to unknown persons during Dictator and Trust Game. The results confirmed the existence of an association between the chemosignal stimulus presence (and its olfactory experience) and the amount donated, and a mediation effect due to the positive mood (in presence of AND) especially in females and with high AND concentration.
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Perrotta, Valentina. "The smell of altruism: Incidental pleasant odors and chemosignal as prosocial decisions moderators." Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2012. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/834/1/ValentinaPerrotta_thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
The study of the interactions between olfaction and the decision making processes has mainly focused on the investigation of what is considered the most useful odor to disperse in the air to drive the consumers' choices to prefer a product rather than another one. Despite the fact that some studies showed the existence of associations between odors and prosocial behavior, much less data are available on the links between olfaction and donation in favor of public goods. Thus, the main purpose of the series of experiments described in this thesis is precisely that to shed some light on the investigation of the nature of pleasant odor-decision and on the chemosignal-decision associations.
In order to achieve this, the presence of an odor and the congruence between odor and decision task has been manipulated, and the decision to donate has been tested in different domains.
Therefore, in the first series of experiments, we manipulated the presence of an ambient pleasant odor, expecting that the congruent stimuli sharing the more stable association odor-concept, would have resulted in an overall increase in the WTC (willingness to contribute) and WTP (willingness to pay) in the decision to donate in favor of a public good. The results confirmed the existence of an association between the olfactory stimulus congruence and the amount donated in favor of a public good. Interestingly, this effect is confirmed in both hypothetical and real decision settings. Moreover, the stimulus modality was manipulated presenting congruent olfactory or visual stimuli. Our findings confirmed the preferential link between olfaction and cognitive processes and showed higher donations in the olfactory setting (compared to the visual one).
The existence of associations between odors and words are examined to know if the odors could semantically drive cognitive processes different from decision making. The results confirmed the existence of an association between the olfactory stimulus pleasantness and the performance in a lexical decision task (LDT). Thus, this effect is mediated by the presence of a pleasant odor and not by the semantic congruence between odor and the presented words. Moreover, the visual modality tend to worsen the LDT performance even if the visual stimulus was semantically congruent with the word presented.
Finally, even though the semantic link appears to be crucial for cognitive processes such as decision, it seems not so important for memory and linguistic processes involved in the LDT.
The second series of studies involved the presence of chemosignal, expecting that the congruity between stimulus and decision (the chemosignal used is AND, known as the best candidate to be considered a human chemosignal) would have resulted in an overall increase in amount of money donate to unknown persons during Dictator and Trust Game. The results confirmed the existence of an association between the chemosignal stimulus presence (and its olfactory experience) and the amount donated, and a mediation effect due to the positive mood (in presence of AND) especially in females and with high AND concentration.
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Akpolat, Hacer. "The Effect of pH and Temperature on Cabbage Volatiles during Storage." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1427734475.
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Buddoo, Subash Ramnarain. "Development of a process for the preparation of linalool from CIS-2-pinanol." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1016219.
Full textAbstract:
Linalool is a key intermediate for the production of important fragrance chemicals such as geraniol, nerol, geranial, and neral. Linalool can be produced via a two-step process from α-pinene which is a major component of crude sulphated turpentine (CST) a foul-smelling, volatile waste product of the pulp and paper industry. The key step in this process is the pyrolysis step which involves the isomerisation of cis-2-pinanol to linalool and requires high temperatures (600-650°C) and is not very selective due to the decomposition of the product itself under these conditions. A client of the CSIR, Teubes Pty. Ltd., is a manufacturer of flavour and fragrance compounds for the local and international fragrance market and expressed an interest in producing linalool since the company would then gain access to other valuable fragrance chemicals via relatively simple processes. Earlier work conducted by AECI, R & D did not meet with much success since the selectivity to linalool was very poor and the process could hardly be deemed as scalable. The main objective of this project was therefore to develop a process for the selective isomerisation of cis-2-pinanol to linalool with minimum by-product formation and using process equipment that could be scaled to full-scale production. Since cis-2- pinanol could not be purchased in sufficient quantities for process development, a process had to be developed for the bench-scale preparation of kilogram quantities of cis-2-pinanol from α-pinene obtained from the client. Although this synthesis formed a minor part of this investigation, several process improvements and innovations were introduced to produce high quality cis-2-pinanol, in very good yields at kilogram scale. A major part of this investigation was the design and set up of a pyrolyis rig capable of operating at elevated temperatures (400 - 750°C) for the evaluation of various process parameters. Various vaporizer, reactor, and condensation systems were evaluated for their ability to cope with the demanding conditions on a consistent basis. The initial part of the investigation was a screening exercise to evaluate various process parameters as well as solvents, materials of construction, catalysts, etc. A comprehensive statistical design was also conducted to determine the critical process parameters and the model obtained was used to predict the optimum conditions required for the preparation of in-specification product on a consistent basis. These conditions were used in the preparation of a 1kg sample which was required by theclient for market evaluation purposes. The use of a novel microreactor system was also evaluated for the pinanol pyrolysis reaction. To our knowledge, this is the first time that a microreactor has been successfully used for this type of reaction in the Fragrance industry and a patent application is being filed by the CSIR. The kinetics of the reaction in both the tubular reactor system and the microreactor system was investigated. Computer modelling studies on both the systems were also conducted. The raw material cost to produce a kilogram of linalool is $1.40. There is a significant margin of 60.8 percent between the raw material cost of linalool and the current selling price ($3.57/kg). This clearly indicates that the project is potentially feasible from an economic point of view and we can now proceed with confidence to the next stage which is the engineering design, building and commissioning of the large scale pyrolysis rig. The rest of the process steps will be conducted on existing equipment currently present at the CSIR’s large scale facility (Imbiza in Isando, Gauteng).
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Wilson, Christopher Allen. "The Effect of Steady-State Digestion Temperature on the Performance, Stability, and Biosolids Odor Production associated with Thermophilic Anaerobic Digestion." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35771.
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The performance and stability of a thermophilic anaerobic digestion system are inherently dependent on the engineered environment within each reactor. While the selection of operational parameters such as mixing, solids retention time, and digestion temperature are often selected on the basis of certain desirable outcomes such as the deactivation of human pathogens, these parameters have been shown to have a broad impact on the overall sludge digestion process. Since the current time-temperature requirements for biosolids pathogen reduction are most easily met at elevated digestion temperatures within the thermophilic range, it is certainly worth examining the effect of specific digestion temperatures on ancillary factors such as operational stability and the aesthetic quality of biosolids.
A series of experiments were carried out in which wastewater sludge was digested at a range of temperatures (35°C, 49°C, 51°C, 53°C, 55°C, 57.5°C). Each reactor was operated for a period at steady state in order to make observations of microbial activity, digestion performance, and biosolids aesthetics as affected solely by digestion temperature. Results of this study show that poor operational stability arises in reactors operated at 57.5°C. Elevated concentrations of hydrogen and short-chain fatty acids in the 57.5°C digesters are evidence that the observed temperature-induced digester failures are related to the temperature sensitivity of hydrogenotrophic (CO2-reducing) methanogens. Reactors operated at other temperatures performed equally well with respect to solids removal and operational stability.
In addition, peak volatile organic sulfur compound (VOSC) production from biosolids treated at 51°C and above was greatly reduced in comparison with mesophilic anaerobic digestion and a lower temperature (49°C) thermophilic system. Since the biosolids methanogenic community appeared to be equally capable of degrading VOSC over the range of thermophilic temperatures, the conclusion is that the activity of VOSC producing organisms in digested and dewatered biosolids is greatly reduced when operating temperature in excess of 51°C are used.
This study shows that small changes in an operationally defined parameter such as digestion temperature can have a large impact on the performance and stability of a digestion process. Single minded selection of digestion temperature in order to achieve effective pathogen reduction can result in poor digester performance and the production of an aesthetically unacceptable product. Careful selection, however, of an appropriate digestion temperature can not only ensure successful pathogen reduction in compliance with current regulations, but can also improve the performance, stability, and aesthetic quality of digestion systems employing thermophilic anaerobic digestion.
Master of Science
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Elam, Kevin Patrick. "Effects of a surface circulator on temperature, dissolved oxygen, water velocity, and photosynthetic yield in Falling Creek Reservoir." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36454.
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Cyanobacteria are a naturally occurring component of reservoir aquatic ecosystems. Given that some species possess the ability to control their depth within the water column, they have a competitive advantage over other species of photosynthetic organisms. This leads to the potential for cyanobacteria blooms, and because of taste and odor problems, as well as possible toxin production associated with certain species of cyanobacteria, these organisms can cause major problems in drinking water production. The Western Virginia Water Authority installed a solar-powered circulator in Falling Creek Reservoir, located in Bedford County, Virginia, in an attempt to limit the growth of these organisms through limiting light exposure by circulating them deeper within the reservoir. Experiments were performed during the summer of 2008 to quantify the effect of the circulator on the reservoir. Temperature, dissolved oxygen, water velocity, and photosynthetic yield were monitored before and during operation of the unit. The overall effect of the mixer was limited to the first 10 m immediately adjacent to the unit during the afternoon. The effect was stronger during the morning when the difference in density between the intake water and the surface of the reservoir was smaller, allowing the water to travel up to 80 m away from the unit. Although the circulator was only intended to mix and possibly deepen the epilimnion, the entire reservoir became mixed about two weeks after the circulator was put into operation. The reservoir is quite shallow, leading to a weak stratification that is easily disrupted by the operation of the circulator.Master of Science
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Park, Chang Min. "The Effect of Cations on Volatile Solids Destruction, Odors, and Dewatering in anaerobic digestion." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43461.
Full textAbstract:
The primary purpose of this study is to understand the effects of wastewater sludge feed cations on volatile solids destruction, odor control, and dewaterability. The role of influent feed cations and addition of chemical coagulants to sludge were evaluated for those characteristics following anaerobic digestion. Wastewater sludge samples were obtained from seven municipal wastewater treatment plants. Subsequently, batch digestion of the sludges was performed anaerobically in the laboratory with 30 days of SRT. Conditioning with cationic polymer and dewatering simulating a high solids centrifuge were performed after digestion. It was found that volatile solids destruction and volatile organic sulfur compounds generation increased proportionally as iron content in influent increased. However, they decreased as aluminum content in influent increased. It was also found that as iron content in influent increased, higher optimum polymer dose was required for dewatering. On the contrary, increase in aluminum content in influent resulted in decrease in the amount of optimum polymer dose. Direct addition of iron to the digesting sludge can be the most efficient point of addition with respect to volatile solids destruction, odor control, and conditioning of digested sludge.Master of Science
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Spillman, Philip John. "Oak wood contribution to wine aroma /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AHP/09ahps756.pdf.
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Kent, Laura A. "An examination of scent-marking, individual odors, and individual discrimination in the raccoon (Procyon lotor)." Diss., St. Louis, Mo. : University of Missouri--St. Louis, 2009. http://etd.umsl.edu/r4541.
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Andrews, Dawn Michele. "Chemical Communication in House Mice (Mus musculus): Can They Recognize Gender from the Anogenital, Harderian Gland or Mouth/Nose Odor?" PDXScholar, 1996. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/5230.
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Identifying the sensory systems animals employ to communicate chemically and the function of the chemical signals facilitates further understanding of chemical communication. Increased knowledge of how animals use the olfactory and vomeronasal systems in order to interpret the meaning of body odors will aid in developing a more detailed organization of chemosensory pathways. The message that each body odor contains can change from species to species. The purpose of this thesis was to study three previously untested body odors in house mice (M musculus) for their role in gender recognition of conspecifics. These odors are the anogenital (feces, urine, and preputial gland secretions), the Harderian gland (Harderian gland sebaceous secretion; gland located at inner comer of eye), and mouth/nose (saliva, mucus, and food). The amount of time in seconds and the number of sniffs were measured in an habituation paradigm which involved four trials per odor. The means of the amount of time spent sniffing and the number of sniffs per odor showed that the mice sniffed the novel odor the most, the non-novel an intermediate amount, and the control the least amount. The mice recognized the novel as foreign and the non-novel as familiar and the mice could not determine the gender of the odor-donor from any of the three odors.
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Macedo, Stephanie Arezes. "The effects of emotional visual context on the encoding and retrieval of body odor information." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/23647.
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Mestrado em Psicologia da Saúde e Reabilitação NeuropsicológicaSabe-se que as condições de codificação e recuperação influenciam a informação sensorial armazenada e a sua recapitulação. No entanto, pouco se sabe acerca de tais processos ao nível do olfato. No presente estudo, focamonos na singularidade dos odores corporais, os quais, à semelhança das impressões digitais, permitem a identificação de uma pessoa específica, ao associar a sua apresentação a contextos emocionais negativos ou neutros. Um total de 125 participantes (68F) foram expostos a um odor corporal (BO) de um indivíduo masculino enquanto viam um vídeo de crime ou neutro (fase de codificação), sendo-lhes posteriormente pedido que reconhecessem o BO alvo numa condição visual congruente ou incongruente (fase de recuperação). Os resultados indicam que os vídeos de crime foram avaliados como mais vividos, desagradáveis e ativadores quando comparados com os vídeos neutros, tanto na codificação como na recuperação. Para além disto, em termos de avaliação subjetiva dos BOs, a intensidade e a ativação dos odores permitem a distinção entre o alvo e os distratores quando era apresentada informação criminal congruente na codificação e recuperação. Por fim, os resultados em termos de acertos não foram significativamente diferentes da probabilidade de acertar ao acaso. Estes resultados poderão clarificar como é que as memórias olfativas são processadas em situações emocionais.
Encoding and retrieval conditions are known to influence the sensory material stored and its recapitulation. However, little is known about such processes in olfaction. Here, we capitalized on the uniqueness of body odors which, similarly to fingerprints allow for the identification of a specific person, by associating their presentation to a negative or a neutral emotional context. A total of 125 receivers (68F) were exposed to a male body odor (BO) while watching either criminal or neutral videos (encoding phase) and were subsequently asked to recognize the target BO within either a congruent or an incongruent visual context (retrieval phase). The results showed that criminal videos were rated as more vivid, unpleasant and arousing than neutral videos both at encoding and retrieval. Moreover, in terms of BO ratings, we found that odor intensity and arousal allow to distinguish the target from the foils when congruent criminal information is presented at encoding and retrieval. Finally, the accuracy performance was not significantly different from chance level for either condition. These findings elucidate how olfactory memories are processed in emotional situations.
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Huertas-Rivera, Adhly M. "Identification of the Active Odors From Illicit Substances for the Development of Optimal Canine Training Aids." FIU Digital Commons, 2016. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2990.
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The exploitation of illicit substances, such as drugs and explosives, is on the rise. Special attention must therefore be considered to reduce the transportation and storage of these illicit substances by improving the capability of detection, even when hidden from view. Although analytical methods of detection for both drugs and explosives have improved over time, biological detectors, such as canines, are still commonly used. In comparison to humans, these canines have a larger number of olfactory receptors and a greater olfactory epithelium surface area, providing them with a more enhanced olfaction than that of humans.
The premise for the detection of illicit drugs and explosives is based on the premise that these substances though hidden, will emit volatile organic compounds (VOCs). These VOCs are not often the parent drug or explosive, they are essentially a chemical associated with the source and provide a reliable indication of the illicit substance. Previous successful research has been conducted on the identification of the active odors present in the headspace of cocaine, methamphetamine, and MDMA but instead for marijuana and heroin there have been minimum success. Thus, in the present research a method using headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) was optimized to identify the VOCs makeup of heroin and marijuana to further identify the active odor compound(s) responsible for the alert response of biological detectors (canines). A mixture of acetic acid and acetylsalicylic acid was identified as target odor mimic for heroin by certified detector canines, while a mixture of limonene and caryophyllene was recognized as odor mimic for marijuana by conducting ORTs. The training aids developed successfully mimic the scent of the actual illicit substance and can be used to improve the capabilities of both drug and explosive detection canines.
Additionally, as growing threat of improvised explosives has created a worldwide concern and emphasized the requirement of a greater spectra of canine training aids that covers the complete range of explosives available, a new approach for the creation of training aids for IEDs have been evaluated. The use of a dynamic collection system have proved to be an option to develop fast and reliable canine training aids for IEDs.
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Radhakrishnan, Kartik. "Impacts of the use of magnesia versus iron on mesophilic anaerobic digestion and odors in wastewater." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35129.
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Addition of iron to sewer lines for chemical phosphorus removal is widely practiced around the world. However, high dosage of iron may prove detrimental to the anaerobic digestion process and also lead to higher organic sulfur odors and deteriorating biosolids quality. The following research focuses on finding an alternative to the use of iron in wastewater systems by comparing the roles of iron and magnesium on mesophilic anaerobic digestion, the digested effluent characteristics and odors in biosolids. Three anaerobic digesters were operated, one serving as a control with no additives, and the other two having known doses of iron and magnesium added. Comparison of the effluent characteristics revealed an improvement in the overall performance of the magnesium amended digester (in terms of pH, solids and COD reduction, alkalinity and gas production) over the other two reactors, suggesting the benefits of magnesium addition. Both iron and magnesium were found to be effective in achieving high levels of phosphate removals and reducing nuisance odors in dewatered sludge cakes.Master of Science
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Doucette, Wilder Thorne. "A searchlight for meaning in the olfactory bulb /." Connect to abstract via ProQuest. Full text is not available online, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1553309631&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18952&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Thesis (Ph.D. in Neuroscience) -- University of Colorado Denver, 2008.Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 140-153). Free to UCD Anschutz Medical Campus. Online version available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations;
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Gerde, Karen D. "Feline odor-induced anxiety in post-partum female rats." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2010. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Spring2010/k_gerde_061810.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in pharmacology and toxicology)--Washington State University, May 2010.Title from PDF title page (viewed on July 23, 2010). "Graduate Program in Pharmacology and Toxicology." Includes bibliographical references (p. 25-30).
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Norton, Jenny Lynn. "Efficacy of Odor Scavengers in Reducing Odor Compounds in Water, Milk, and Soymilk." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45094.
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Odor detection thresholds of hexanal, 2-heptenal, 2-pentanone, and 2,4-nonadienal were determined in spring water, high temperature short time (HTST) 2% fat milk, and extended shelf life soymilk. The efficacy of odor scavenger's beta-cyclodextrin, D-sorbitol, and nylon 6 in removing these odors was also determined. The odor thresholds of the different odor and media combinations were as follows: hexanal in spring water, milk, and soymilk were 585, 339, and 536 ppb respectively; 2-heptenal in spring water, milk, and soymilk were 2,092, 2,322, and 3,184 ppb respectively; 2-pentanone in spring water, milk and soymilk were 24,925, 29,255 and 33,271 ppb respectively; and 2,4-nonadienal in spring water, milk, and soymilk were 164, 326, and 243 ppb respectively. These amounts reference the initial spiked concentration that was added directly to the media. Both hexanal and 2,4-nonadienal had lower thresholds than 2-heptenal and 2-pentanone in all of the media. The odor detection thresholds of 2-heptenal, 2-pentanone, and 2,4-nonadienal did show a significant difference between soymilk and water, but not for milk. The efficacy of the odor scavengers were determined by use of solid phase micro-extraction gas chromatography (SPME-GC) and sensory evaluation. Hexanal, 2-heptenal, 2-pentanone, and 2,4-nonadienal were spiked at 1,000, 3,000, 30,000, and 300 ppb respectively in all three media. Beta-cyclodextrin, D-sorbitol, and nylon 6 were added at a level of 0.1% w/v and 1.0% w/v. In all of the media, beta-cyclodextrin was found to significantly reduce hexanal, 2-pentanone, 2-heptenal, and 2,4-nonadienal at both 0.1% w/v and 1.0% w/v. Nylon 6 was not found beneficial.Master of Science
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Allen, Caroline. "The artificially scented ape : investigating the role of fragrances and body odours in human interactions." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/22599.
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It was long believed that humans were unable to utilise the odours of conspecifics to co-ordinate social interactions in ways in which other species appear to be capable. However, a surge in interest in human social olfaction has recently challenged this view. The numerous studies conducted in this area have found that multiple state and trait related cues can be detected in body odour. Furthermore, many studies indicate that women are often more sensitive to these cues, and that sensitivity can be associated with fertility, findings that are consistent with sex differences in reproductive effort and benefits of choosiness in mate-searching. Since previous studies in this area have usually addressed the potential for humans to use olfactory communication in a comparable manner to other mammals, they typically involve collection and assessment of ‘natural’ odour. That is, they explicitly exclude the possibility of ‘contamination’ of odour samples by artificial fragrances. However, humans have used artificial fragrances for millennia, across many different cultures. This raises the question of whether widespread fragrance use may affect or disrupt the detection of this information in modern humans. The first aim of this thesis was to address this question by investigating how fragrance use may mediate the detection of olfactory information in humans. As well as providing further evidence for sex differences in the assessment of olfactory cues, and for the role of olfaction in real world partner choice, the findings herein suggest that fragrance may act differently on different information being assessed, potentially masking accurate assessment of certain traits (such as masculinity), while fragrance choice and preferences may be important in complementing other olfactory information (such as the general distinguishability of an individuals’ odour profile). A second aim of the thesis was to develop a scale in order to more accurately describe the varying perceptual qualities of human body odour – in other words to map human body odours. This work was conducted alongside perfumers in order to benefit from their expertise in olfactory perception and semantic labelling of odours. The development of such a scale could enable improved understanding of the perceptual qualities of human odour, making it possible to link specific perceptual qualities to specific cues (e.g. symmetry, masculinity, sex) or to manipulate odours based on perceptual qualities in experimental settings, and has direct practical implications for fragrance designers and for improving the ability of individuals to choose fragrance products that suit their odour profile. The second section of the thesis focuses on the effects of odours on the individual wearer as well as on perceivers in the environment. One study is presented which investigates the role of malodour reduction compared to the addition of fragrances in perceptions of confidence and attractiveness, finding that both the reduction of malodour and the addition of fragrance appear to be important for confidence as rated by others in the environment. The final study presented in the thesis examines a hitherto un-investigated role of olfaction during human pregnancy. The rationale for the study is based on evidence suggesting that in certain non-human species, which also show bi-parental care of offspring, there may be a role for chemical, or odour based, communication which underpins behavioural and endocrinological changes related to infant care behaviours in males. The study found little evidence to support the presence of analogous olfactory signalling during human pregnancy, though the findings are discussed in light of methodological changes which, if made in future studies, may result in different outcomes. The thesis concludes with a discussion of the importance of continuing to investigate various forms of olfactory communication, as well as improving our understanding of odours through the mapping of their perceptual qualities, and finally further examining the ways in which various fragranced products, which are widely used in society, may affect all of this. Future directions for this area of research are discussed. This line of investigation will, I argue, enable us to finally establish the true role of olfaction in contemporary social environments.
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Sicotte, Geneviève. "Les pestilences du naturalisme : Zola descripteur des odeurs." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61102.
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The description of odour, frequent in Zola's work, has been little studied, most researchers having focused only on the visual description of this novelist. This dissertation, taking as its corpus Les Rougon-Macquart, explores this issue. The working hypothesis is that Zola reveals his impressionist tendencies in this type of description. The first chapter presents a brief history of the status of olfaction and description of odour in its philosophical, social as well as in literary context. The following chapter, after having defined a few concepts (notions from Hamon and Adam), presents the status of the description of odour in Zola's work. Four recurrent devices emerge: redundancy, multi-sensorial description, clausulae and turning points. The third chapter begins the study of the internal working of the description by examining the lexicon of odour. The lexicon of odour as used by Zola resorts mostly to the emotional and poetical functions of language. The final chapter continues the examination of modes of structuration, using Adam's notion of plan of text. The text concludes by maintaining that Zola's uniqueness is based on his marriage of impressionism and realism-naturalism. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Norberg, Matilda. "Olfactory-related behaviors in the South American Coati (Nasua nasua)." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Biologi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-108920.
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Knowledge about the use and behavioural relevance of the different senses in the South American Coati is limited. The aim of the present study was therefore to investigate the use of the sense of smell in this species. Twenty-five captive coatis were observed at the zoo of La Paz for a total of 120 hours to collect data on olfactory-related behaviors. The coatis frequently performed behaviors in response to the detection of odors such as sniffing on the ground, on objects, on food, on conspecifics, or in the air. In contrast, they did not display many odor depositing behaviors such as urinating, defecating, or scent-marking. The most frequently performed olfactory-related behavior was “sniffing on ground” which accounted for an average of 40 % of all recorded behaviors. In general, both adult males and non-males (here defined as adult females, as well as sub-adults and juveniles of both sexes) performed olfactory-related behaviors at similar frequencies. However, a few frequency differences for certain behaviors were found in the morning and in the afternoon, and in food or no food conditions, respectively. When food was present, for example, the coatis spent less time on olfactory-related foraging behaviors like “sniffing on ground” and “nose-digging” compared to when food was not present. The finding that scent-marking was rare in this captive group, indicates little need for territorial marking or communication of reproductive state under these circumstances. Findings from this study support the idea that Nasua nasua use their sense of smell in a variety of different contexts, and further studies are needed to extend the results.
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Xiong, Li. "Correlation of analyses of odor profiles of HDPE films coated with different adhesives using electronic nose, sensory evaluation, and GC-MS." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2006.
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Lowe, Ann Elizabeth. "Brain mechanisms in aromatherapy fMRI and mood changes in response to odors in females with functional abdominal pain /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=2025611501&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Wu, Danyang. "Quantitative Analysis of Earthy and Musty Odors in Drinking Water Sources Impacted by Wastewater and Algal Derived Contaminants." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1343941566.
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Storsberg, Silke [Verfasser]. "How predator odors affect avoidance behavior of laboratory and wild rat strains / Silke Diana Ariadne Margarete Else Annemarie Storsberg." Magdeburg : Universitätsbibliothek Otto-von-Guericke-Universität, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1219936952/34.
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