Journal articles on the topic 'Odoriferous compounds'
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Oigman, Silvia Siag, Yasmin Fróes de Miranda Fernandes, Dany Teles, Lenize Fernandes Maia, Rosângela de Almeida Epifanio, and Claudia Moraes Rezende. "Brazilian gorgonians: a source of odoriferous compounds?" Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia 25, no. 6 (November 2015): 612–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bjp.2015.08.004.
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Hasegawa, Yoshihiro, Masayuki Yabuki, and Masamoto Matsukane. "Identification of New Odoriferous Compounds in Human Axillary Sweat." Chemistry & Biodiversity 1, no. 12 (December 2004): 2042–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.200490157.
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Hanssen, H. P., and W. R. Abraham. "Odoriferous compounds from liquid cultures ofGloeophyllum odoratum andLentinellus cochleatus (basidiomycotina)." Flavour and Fragrance Journal 2, no. 4 (October 1987): 171–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ffj.2730020407.
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Mastello, Raíssa Bittar, Natália Soares Janzantti, and Magali Monteiro. "Volatile and odoriferous compounds changes during frozen concentrated orange juice processing." Food Research International 77 (November 2015): 591–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2015.10.007.
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Chakira, Abacar, Cyrielle Garcia, Christian Soria, Jérôme Minier, and Marc Chillet. "Effect of Flower Development Stages on the Dynamics of Volatile Compounds in Ylang-Ylang (Cananga odorata) Essential Oil." Horticulturae 8, no. 11 (October 23, 2022): 986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8110986.
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Several abiotic factors influence the chemical composition of essential oils. Understanding these factors is an important step in developing quality products that meet market demands. This research work aims to study the chemical composition of the essential oils of ylang-ylang (Cananga odorata, forma genuina) according to the maturity of flowers. The volatile compounds of ylang-ylang flowers from Reunion Island were extracted by hydrodistillation and the samples were analyzed by high resolution gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) allowing for the identification of 70 volatile compounds. The chemical composition of the essential oils extracted from the flowers at 5 different stages of development varies both qualitatively and quantitatively. The volatile compounds observed belong to 4 chemical groups which are esters, alcohols, terpenes, and ether-oxides. The synthesis of light oxygenated compounds is largely the predominant chemical subgroup in all stages of development. Their relative content is considerably increased during flower ripening with a peak concentration in stage 4 (SD4). The highest concentrations of non-terpene esters and heavy oxygenated compounds are found in stages 1 (SD1) and (SD5), respectively, while no chemical subgroup is dominant in the intermediate stages 2 (SD2) and (SD3). The dynamics of volatile compounds have also been studied. This study established that the stage of development of ylang-ylang flowers significantly influences the dynamics of volatile compounds in the extracted essential oils. Total oxygenated compounds that are highly odoriferous in essential oils increase progressively and significantly with flower maturity, unlike hydrocarbon terpenes, which are less valuable in terms of their contribution to the fragrance and following opposite kinetics; suggesting that odoriferous properties increase with the development of the flower, with a higher intensity at SD4.
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Wood, William F., and Mark Fesler. "Mushroom odors: Student synthesis of the odoriferous compounds of the matsutake mushroom." Journal of Chemical Education 63, no. 1 (January 1986): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed063p92.
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Freeman, C. G., and M. J. McEwan. "Rapid Analysis of Trace Gases in Complex Mixtures Using Selected Ion Flow TubeMass Spectrometry." Australian Journal of Chemistry 55, no. 8 (2002): 491. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch02111.
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Although the human nose is an extremely sensitive olfactory organ, detecting some odoriferous compounds at concentrations as low as a few ppt (parts per trillion by volume) it is not quantitative. Furthermore, it cannot identify some volatile species at quite high concentrations, and neither can it recognize the individual components of many mixtures of trace volatile organic compounds (VOCs). For some considerable time the scientific community has experimented with a number of different types of olfactory devices with varying degrees of success. The advent of selected ion flow tubemass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) has revolutionized thinking in trace gas monitoring due to the simplicity of operation together with the rapidity and sensitivity of detection that this technique provides.
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Ômura, Hisashi, Keiichi Honda, and Nanao Hayashi. "Identification of Odoriferous Compounds from Adults of a Swallowtail Butterfly, Papilio machaon (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 56, no. 11-12 (December 1, 2001): 1126–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2001-11-1234.
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Abstract Adults, particularly males, of a papilionid butterfly, Papilio machaon hippocrates, emit a fairly strong scent perceivable by humans. We have identified a variety of volatile compounds (hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, and so on) from the wings and bodies of both sexes of the butterfly. Male wings secreted n-dodecane, linalool and geranylacetone as major components together with small amounts of camphene, limonene, p-cymene, 2 -phenylethanol, n-hexanal, n-decanal, isoamyl acetate, p-allylanisole, 2 -pyrrolidone and other characteristic volatiles. The overall profile of volatile compounds detected from male body was quite different from that of the wings. Male body was devoid of camphene, 2-phenyletha-nol, n-hexanal but instead contained limonene, acetoin, a sesquiterpene hydrocarbon (C15H24), methyl n-octanoate, (E,E)-hepta-2,4-dienal, and another isomer of heptadienal as principal components, of which the last four compounds were specific to the body. All these substances seem to concurrently characterize the male odor. The chemical patterns of com pounds found from female wings and body were essentially the same in quality as those of male wings and body, respectively, although their quantities in females were generally smaller than in males. Females, however, had a larger amount of acetamide than males. The chemical compositions of volatiles from the fore and hind wings of males were not greatly different from each other, and every component was considered to be present on all parts of the wings. This suggests that the scent-producing organs or scent-emitting pores are widely distributed on the whole wings. EA G responses of both sexes to 12 selected compounds identified from the butterfly were not strong at a dose of 1 μg, while both sexes showed relatively stronger responses to n-nonanal, methyl n-octanoate, D-limonene and linalool at a higher dose (10 [μg). Although sexual difference in EAG response was not prominent, females appeared a little more sensitive, and n-nonanal and acetoin evoked significantly higher responses from females at 1 μg.
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Matłok, Natalia, Sabina Lachowicz, Józef Gorzelany, and Maciej Balawejder. "Influence of Drying Method on Some Bioactive Compounds and the Composition of Volatile Components in Dried Pink Rock Rose (Cistus creticus L.)." Molecules 25, no. 11 (June 3, 2020): 2596. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25112596.
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This study investigates the effects of various drying methods applied to leaves of Cistus creticus L. on the contents of polyphenols and the composition of the volatile fraction. The following four drying methods were used: convection drying at a temperature of 40 °C (CD 40 °C), 50 °C (CD 50 °C), and 60 °C (CD 60 °C); vacuum-microwave (VMD 240 W); combined drying, involving convection pre-drying (50 °C) and vacuum-microwave (240 W) finish drying (CPD-VMFD) as well as freeze-drying (FD). Polyphenols in the dried leaves were determined using chromatography-photodiode detector-quadrupole/time of flight-mass spectrometry (UPLC-PDA-Q/TOF-MS). The contents of odoriferous substances in the dry material were determined by means of head space-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) with the use of a gas chromatograph (GC). Thirty-seven polyphenol components including 21 flavonols, eight flavan-3-ols, and eight hydrolyzed tannins in dry Pink Rock Rose material were found for the first time. The highest contents of polyphenols, totaling 2.8 g 100 g−1 dry matter (d.m.), were found in the samples subjected to the CPD/VMFD drying method. Pink Rock Rose subjected to this drying method was characterized by large quantities of odoriferous compounds, mainly eugenol, thymol, and carvacrol, which contribute to its antiseptic properties. By using CPD/VMFD methods, it is possible to obtain fine quality dry material from the leaves of C. creticus.
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Ômura, Hisashi, Nanako Yanai, and Keiichi Honda. "Sexual Dimorphism in Scent Substances and Cuticular Lipids of Adult Papilio protenor Butterflies." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 67, no. 5-6 (June 1, 2012): 331–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2012-5-614.
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Adults of Papilio protenor demetrius emit a faint odour; the male odour is notably stronger than that of the females. The extracts of whole individuals of each sex comprised 53 compounds regarded as cuticular lipid components, of which the 17 major compounds were straight-chain alkanes and alkenes with 23 - 31 carbon atoms, higher fatty acids, long-chain aliphatic ketones, squalene, and cholesterol. However, highly volatile compounds were not detected in the whole individual extracts. Eight of the 17 major compounds showed a significant sex difference in relative abundance per individual. Principal component analysis, using the major compounds as variables, revealed a marked sexual dimorphism in the chemical composition of cuticular lipids. From the extracts of 10 dissected individuals of each sex, 21 highly volatile compounds were identified in amounts of less than 200 ng/individual. Among them, linalool and 2,3-butanediol showed a significantly larger amount in males than in females, indicating that the adult odour is also sexually dimorphic. Moreover, both sexes shared several odoriferous compounds, such as heptanal, nonanal, methyl salicylate, benzyl alcohol, and benzoic acid. The faint odour of P. protenor adults, perceivable by the human nose, appears to originate from these volatile compounds
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Borg-Karlson, Anna-Karin, Hubertus H. Eidmann, Mikael Lindström, Torbjörn Norin, and Nicolaus Wiersma. "Odoriferous compounds from the flowers of the conifers Picea abies, pinus sylvestris and Larix sibirica." Phytochemistry 24, no. 3 (1985): 455–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9422(00)80745-1.
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Almeida, Larissa Chirino de, Mirella Romanelli Vicente Bertolo, Daniel Rodrigues Cardoso, and Stanislau Bogusz. "Effect of Hop β-Acids Extract Supplementation on the Volatile Compound Profile of Roasted Chicken Meat." Processes 11, no. 1 (January 4, 2023): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11010153.
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The increased interest in greener sources of antioxidants has spurred the research on natural alternatives to enhance poultry production. This study aimed to investigate the effects of natural antioxidant extracts’ (hop β-acids extract) diet supplementation at different concentrations (0, 30, 60, and 120 mg kg−1) on the volatile compound profile of roasted chicken meat. A method based on headspace solid-phase micro-extraction coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) was optimized by response surface design to extract the volatile compounds. The optimum extraction conditions were 80 °C and 45 min. A total of 95 volatile compounds were identified in roasted chicken meat, especially aldehydes, alkanes, alcohols, esters, and pyrazines. Principal component analysis (PCA) separated the samples as a function of β-acid supplementation, indicating that increased levels of supplementation lead to distinct volatile profiles in roasted chicken meat. Aldehydes such as octanal and hexanal (8.94% and 17.63%, respectively, for 30 mg kg−1 treatment) played an important role in distinguishing the samples. Those compounds are the main oxidation products of unsaturated fatty acids, which are possibly protected by the antioxidant properties of hop β-acid extracts. Some other compounds with odoriferous importance detected for this level of supplementation were: 2,6-dimethyl pyrazine (5.12%), 2-pentylfuran (2.94%), and 1-octen-3-ol (1.88%). This study significantly contributes to the elucidation of the impact of hops β-acids supplementation in the chicken meat aroma profile, opening new venues for its potential application.
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Yamada, Kiyoyuki, Hiroaki Tan, Hiroshi Tatematsu, and Makoto Ojika. "Dictyoprolene and neodictyoprolene, two new odoriferous compounds from the brown alga Dictyopteris prolifera: structures and synthesis." Tetrahedron 42, no. 14 (January 1986): 3775–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4020(01)87531-1.
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Delač Salopek, Doris, Ivana Horvat, Ana Hranilović, Tomislav Plavša, Sanja Radeka, Igor Pasković, and Igor Lukić. "Diversity of Volatile Aroma Compound Composition Produced by Non-Saccharomyces Yeasts in the Early Phase of Grape Must Fermentation." Foods 11, no. 19 (October 5, 2022): 3088. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11193088.
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There is a lack of studies evaluating the metabolic contribution of non-Saccharomyces yeasts in early fermentation phases. This study aimed to investigate the volatile aroma profiles produced by various non-Saccharomyces yeasts just before sequential inoculation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae to provide an insight into the particular effects they induce at this stage. The grape must of Malvazija istarska was inoculated with monocultures of Torulaspora delbrueckii, Metschnikowia pulcherrima, Pichia kluyveri, Lachancea thermotolerans, and Schizosaccharomyces pombe, alongside a S. cerevisiae control. Eighty volatile compounds were quantified via headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, and the data were statistically elaborated. Volatile profiles of non-Saccharomyces yeasts differed significantly from the S. cerevisiae control. Most treatments caused increases in linalool and β-damascenone, decreases in higher alcohols and fatty acids, and improved synthesis of odoriferous esters. Torulaspora delbrueckii and M. pulcherrima produced compounds not commonly found in S. cerevisiae fermented wines. Multivariate statistical analysis linked the investigated yeasts to specific, particularly abundant compounds. Future studies should explore to what degree these contributions persist after sequential inoculation with S. cerevisiae in diverse grape must matrices.
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Marner, F. J. "lridals and Cycloiridals, Products of An Unusual Squalene Metabolism in Sword Lilies (lridaceae)." Current Organic Chemistry 1, no. 2 (July 1997): 153–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1385272801666220120214233.
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In search for the precursors of the irones, terpenoid C14-ketones, which are responsible for the violet like scent of the orris oil, a new family of hitherto unknown triterpenoids, the iridals, was found. The monocyclic parent compound iridal is derived from cyclization of epoxysqualene to a bicyclic intermediate and subsequent opening of ring A between C3 and C4, accompanied by a methyl and hydride shift. Up to today more than twenty different compounds of this family have been isolated, which are derived from iridal by desaturations, oxidations and cyclizations. The introduction of an additional double bond by a dehydrogenase into the terpenoid side chain leads to iridals with conjugated triene moiety. Addition of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine to the terminal double bond of the iridal side chain initiates the formation of a second cyclohexane ring. This way the cycloiridals are formed, which represent the precursors of the irones and dihydroirones. The odoriferous ketones are released after oxidative degradation of the bicyclic C31-triterpenoids. Even more remarkable is the formation of the spiroiridals, which can be seen as products of an intramolecular Prins reaction. The compounds are not only present as free triterpenols but also esterified with fatty acids. There is experimental evidence that the iridals serve the plants as membrane constituents and protect the tissue against oxidative damage and other noxious influences. The iridal esters may be used by the plant as a pool of these valuable compounds, which are released by enzymatic hydrolysis, whenever needed.
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Almarcha, Daniel, Manuel Almarcha, Elena Jimenez-Coloma, Laura Vidal, Montserrat Puigcercós, and Iban Barrutiabengoa. "Treatment Efficiency by means of a Nonthermal Plasma Combined with Heterogeneous Catalysis of Odoriferous Volatile Organic Compounds Emissions from the Thermal Drying of Landfill Leachates." Journal of Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/831584.
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The objective of the present work was to assess the odoriferous volatile organic compounds depuration efficiency of an experimental nonthermal plasma coupled to a catalytic system used for odor abatement of real emissions from a leachate thermal drying plant installed in an urban solid waste landfill. VOC screening was performed by means of HRGC-MS analysis of samples taken at the inlet and at the outlet of the nonthermal plasma system. Odor concentration by means of dynamic olfactometry, total organic carbon, mercaptans, NH3, and H2S were also determined in order to assess the performance of the system throughout several days. Three plasma frequencies (100, 150, and 200 Hz) and two catalyst temperatures (150°C and 50°C) were also tested. Under conditions of maximum capacity of the treatment system, the results show VOC depuration efficiencies around 69%, with average depuration efficiencies between 44 and 95% depending on the chemical family of the substance. Compounds belonging to the following families have been detected in the samples: organic acids, alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, pyrazines, and reduced sulphur compounds, among others. Average total organic carbon removal efficiency was 88%, while NH3and H2S removal efficiencies were 88% and 87%, respectively, and odor concentration abatement was 78%.
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Joseph Mari B. Querequincia and Erwin M. Faller. "A Review on the different studies on aromatherapy conducted in the Philippines." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 16, no. 2 (August 30, 2021): 028–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2021.16.2.0223.
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Aromatherapy has become prevalent in complementary and alternative medicine to treat ill conditions. The common substances utilized in this type of therapy are essential oils which contains odoriferous compounds. These substances can be directly applied or thru infusion in the closed environmental air. There are wide applications of aromatherapy from massage therapies up to its potential therapeutic utilizations. Across the globe in different countries, the custom of aromatherapy is gaining an acceptance in their respective health care systems. In the Philippines the use of aromatherapy is gaining its prominence to be an established complementary and alternative commodity. This article is focused to summarize the different published and available research information about aromatherapy conducted across the regions in the Philippines. This type of therapy is a prospective technique that could support customary health care procedures in treating diseases physiologically and psychologically in the Philippine health care setting.
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Aresta, Antonella, Pietro Cotugno, Nicoletta De Vietro, Caterina Longo, Maria Mercurio, Pere Ferriol, Carlo Zambonin, and Carlotta Nonnis Marzano. "Volatile Organic Compounds, Indole, and Biogenic Amines Assessment in Two Mediterranean Irciniidae (Porifera, Demospongiae)." Marine Drugs 19, no. 12 (December 17, 2021): 711. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md19120711.
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Solid phase microextraction (SPME) coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was employed for the headspace determination of the volatile organic fraction emitted by two of the most common Mediterranean demosponges, Ircinia variabilis and Sarcotragus spinosulus, and of indole and some biogenic amines released by sponges in an aqueous medium. A total of 50/30 µm divinylbenzene/carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane and 75 µm carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane fibers were used for the headspace extraction of low molecular weight sulfur compounds from a hermetically sealed vial containing sponge fragments, while the direct immersion determination of indole and biogenic amines was performed. The biogenic amines were extracted after in-solution derivatization with isobutyl chloroformate. All analytical parameters (linearity, limits of detection, and quantification, precision, and recovery) were evaluated for indole and biogenic amines. SPME-GC-MS proved to be a reliable means of highlighting the differences between molecules released by different sponges, principally responsible for their smell. The combined approaches allowed the identification of several volatile compounds in the headspace and other molecules released by the sponges in an aqueous medium, including indole and the BAs cadaverine, histamine, isobutylamine, isopentylamine, propylamine, 2-phenylethylamine, putrescine and tryptamine. The results obtained represent a further contribution to the picture of odoriferous molecules secreted by sponges.
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Alves-Ferreira, Júnia, Luís C. Duarte, Maria C. Fernandes, Helena Pereira, and Florbela Carvalheiro. "Cistus ladanifer as a Potential Feedstock for Biorefineries: A Review." Energies 16, no. 1 (December 29, 2022): 391. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16010391.
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Cistus ladanifer (rockrose) is a widespread shrub species in the Mediterranean region well known due to its production of labdanum gum, especially in the hot season. Its leaves and branches can be subjected to different extraction and distillation processes to produce various types of extracts. The natural extracts of C. ladanifer have several applications, especially in the perfumery and cosmetics sector. C. ladanifer extracts, in addition to presenting interesting odoriferous properties, are also known for their bioactive properties, such as antioxidant and antimicrobial. Use of this species in animal feed or phytostabilisation of mining areas has also been successfully applied. On the other hand, the lignin and polysaccharides that are the major fractions from Cistus residues can be relevant sources of high-value products in a biorefinery framework. Recently, it has been reported that the residues obtained from the essential oil industry can sustain production of significant amounts of other marketable products, namely phenolic compounds, oligomeric and monomeric sugars, lignin, and lactic acid. All these applications show the potential of C. ladanifer as a raw material to be fully valued in a biorefinery context, contributing to important revenues and generating an associated marketable biobased product portfolio.
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André, Weibson Paz Pinheiro, Wesley Lyeverton Correia Ribeiro, Lorena Mayana Beserra de Oliveira, Iara Tersia Freitas Macedo, Fernanda Cristina Macedo Rondon, and Claudia Maria Leal Bevilaqua. "Essential Oils and Their Bioactive Compounds in the Control of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Small Ruminants." Acta Scientiae Veterinariae 46, no. 1 (May 16, 2018): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.81804.
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Background: Gastrointestinal nematodes are one of the major health and economic problem of sheep and goats in the world. The control of these nematodes is carried out conventionally with synthetic anthelminths, which favored the selection of gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) populations multiresistant to anthelmintics. The emergence of anthelmintic resistance has stimulated the search for new alternatives to control small ruminant GIN, standing out the use of plants and their bioactives compounds, such as essential oils (EO). The objective of this review was to present the main characteristics and anthelmintic activity of EO, their isolated compounds and drug delivery systems in the control of GIN.Review: Essential oils are a complex blend of bioactive compounds with volatile, lipophilic, usually odoriferous and liquid substances. EO are composed of terpenes, terpenoids, aromatic and aliphatic constituents. EO has various pharmacological activities of interest in preventive veterinary medicine such as antibacterials, antifungals, anticoccicids, insecticides and anthelmintics. In vitro and in vivo tests are used to validate the anthelmintic activity of EO on GIN. In vitro tests are low cost screening tests that allow the evaluation of the anthelmintic activity of a large amount of bioactive compounds on eggs, first (L1) and third stage larvae (L3), and adult nematodes. The antiparasitic effect of EO is related to its main compound or to the interaction of the compounds. These bioactive compounds penetrate the cuticle of the nematodes by transcuticular diffusion, altering the mechanisms of locomotion, besides causing cuticular lesions. Following in vitro evaluation, the acute and sub-chronic toxicity test should be performed to assess the toxicity of the bioactive compounds and to define the dose to be used in in vivo tests. In vivo tests are more reliable because the anthelmintic effectiveness of bioactive compounds is evaluated after the metabolization process. The metabolization process of the bioactive compounds can generate metabolites that exhibit or not anthelmintic effectiveness. The in vivo tests assessing the anthelmintic effectiveness of bioactive compounds in sheep and goats are the fecal egg count reduction test and the controlled test. OE promoted reduction of egg elimination in faeces which may be related to cuticular and reproductive alterations in GIN, and reduction of parasite burden in in vivo tests. Due to the promising results obtained with OE in the in vivo tests, interest has been aroused in using nanotechnology as an alternative to increase the bioavailability of OE and consequently, potentializing its anthelmintic effect, reducing the dose and toxicity of the biocompounds. In addition to nanotechnology, the isolation and chemical modification of compounds isolated from OE have been employed to obtain new molecules with anthelmintic action and understand the mechanism of action of EO on the small ruminant GIN.Conclusion: The use of EO and their compound bioactive in the control of resistant populations of GIN is a promising alternative. The adoption of strategies in which natural products can replace synthetic anthelmintics, such as in dry periods and use synthetic anthelmintics in the rainy season when the population in refugia in the pasture is high, thus reducing the dissemination of GIN resistant populations. As perspective, the evaluation of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of these natural products should be performed so that one defines treatment protocols that optimize the anthelmintic effect.
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Song, YoungHa, Yoo-Been Ahn, Myung-Seop Shin, David Brennan, and Hyun-Duck Kim. "Association of periodontitis with oral malodor in Korean adults." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 4, 2021): e0247947. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247947.
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This study aimed to evaluate the association of periodontitis with the organoleptic score (OLS)-defined oral malodor after validating OLS with odoriferous sulfur compounds in mouth air among Korean adults. A total of 330 adults aged 47–86 years were recruited from the Yangpyeong health cohort, South Korea, in 2015. Oral malodor was assessed using a 6-point OLS by a trained dentist and validated with the concentrations of hydrogen sulfide (HS) and methyl mercaptan (MM) using a gas chromatographer. Periodontitis was measured by assessing the radiographic alveolar bone loss on digital orthopantomography. Statistical analyses including descriptive statistics, partial correlation, ANOVA, and multivariable logistic regression with putative confounders were applied. OLS was significantly correlated with the concentrations of HS and MM (partial r = 0.401 and 0.392, respectively; both p<0.001) after controlling for confounders. Individuals with periodontitis had 1.8 times the risk of OLS-defined oral malodor in multivariable models (adjusted odds ratio = 1.77 in the model with the number of teeth and 1.82 in the model with denture wearing; p = 0.047 and 0.035, respectively). Periodontitis was associated with OLS-defined oral malodor among Korean adults independent of known confounders. Periodontal conditions should be considered for clinical practice and research of oral malodor.
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Nikolantonaki, Maria, Michael Jourdes, Kentaro Shinoda, Pierre-Louis Teissedre, Stéphane Quideau, and Philippe Darriet. "Identification of Adducts between an Odoriferous Volatile Thiol and Oxidized Grape Phenolic Compounds: Kinetic Study of Adduct Formation under Chemical and Enzymatic Oxidation Conditions." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 60, no. 10 (March 2012): 2647–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf204295s.
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Broekhof, Nico L. J. M., Jan G. Witteveen, and Anton J. A. van der Weerdt. "Characteristic odoriferous compounds of brown algae: Syntheses of possible oxidation products of (6Z, 9Z, 12Z, 15Z)-1,6,9,12,15-heneicosapentaene and (6Z, 9Z, 12Z, 15Z, 18Z)-1,6,9,12,15,18-heneicosahexaene." Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas 105, no. 10 (September 2, 2010): 436–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/recl.19861051020.
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Suarez, F. L., J. Springfield, and M. D. Levitt. "Identification of gases responsible for the odour of human flatus and evaluation of a device purported to reduce this odour." Gut 43, no. 1 (July 1, 1998): 100–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gut.43.1.100.
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Background/Aims—While the social significance of flatus derives mainly from its odour, previous studies have focused on the non-odoriferous components of rectal gas. The aims of the present study were to determine the role of sulphur-containing gases in flatus odour and test the efficacy of a device purported to reduce this odour.Methods—Flatus was quantitatively collected via rectal tube from 16 healthy subjects who ingested pinto beans and lactulose to enhance flatus output. The concentrations of sulphur-containing gases in each passage were correlated with odour intensity assessed by two judges. Odour intensity was also determined after treatment of flatus samples with zinc acetate, which binds sulphydryl compounds (hydrogen sulphide and methanethiol), or activated charcoal. Utilising gas-tight Mylar pantaloons, the ability of a charcoal lined cushion to adsorb sulphur-containing gases instilled at the anus of eight subjects was assessed.Results—The main sulphur-containing flatus component was hydrogen sulphide (1.06 (0.2) μmol/l), followed by methanethiol (0.21 (0.04) μmol/l) and dimethyl sulphide (0.08 (0.01) μmol/l) (means (SEM)). Malodour significantly correlated with hydrogen sulphide concentration (p⩽0.001). Zinc acetate reduced sulphur gas content but did not totally eliminate odour, while activated charcoal removed virtually all odour. The cushion adsorbed more than 90% of the sulphur gases.Conclusion—Sulphur-containing gases are the major, but not the only, malodorous components of human flatus. The charcoal lined cushion effectively limits the escape of these sulphur-containing gases into the environment.
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Pallares-Pallares, Andrea, Janeth Aidé Perea-Villamil, and Luis Javier López-Giraldo. "Impacto de las condiciones de beneficio sobre los compuestos precursores de aroma en granos de cacao (Theobroma cacao L) del clon CCN-51." Respuestas 21, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.22463/0122820x.726.
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Se evaluó el efecto de los días de fermentación secado sobre la evolución de los compuestos de aroma (volátiles) en la variedad de cacao CCN-51. El método empleado fue la Cromatografía de Gases-Espectrometría de Masas, en combinación con Micro Extracción en Fase Sólida de Espacio de Cabeza (HS-SPME-GC-MS). Para los análisis se construyó un diseño experimental factorial multinivel, con un total de 15 experimentos/muestreo. Durante el beneficio se aplicó el método de microfermentación en cajón y el secado se hizo por exposición directa al sol. El Análisis de Componentes Principales (PCA) permitió explicar un 68% de la varianza total asociada con las características de aroma (compuestos volátiles). El proceso de beneficio fue dividido en etapas de acuerdo con el grado de fermentación. Se identificaron, a lo largo del beneficio compuestos precursores de aroma deseables e indeseables. Entre los compuestos deseables se identificaron, entre otros, el 3-metil-1-butanol, 2-fenil etanol, benzaldehído, fenil acetaldehído, etilhexanoato, etil benzoato, etilfenil acetato y 2-fenil etil acetato, los cuales aportan notas odoríficas muy agradables (chocolate, caramelo, dulce, nuez, miel, frutal, floral). Finalmente, se propuso un método alternativo de beneficio, que incorpora un pretratamiento del clon CCN- 51 y que arroja evidencia preliminar de mejoría en lo que respecta a los componentes precursores del aroma. AbstractThe influence of the days of fermentation and drying in the aroma compounds (volatile fraction) of cocoa beans CCN-51 was evaluated. The method used was Gas ChromatographyMass Spectrometry, coupled to Head Space Solid Phase Micro Extraction (HS-SPMEGC-GS). A multifactorial experimental design was created, containing 15 experiments per repetition. The fermentation technique was microfermentation in boxes, while drying was achieved by exposing the samples to the sun. A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) allowed to explain 68% of the total variability associated with aroma characteristics (volatile compounds). Both, desirable and undesirable compounds were identified throughout the processes of fermentation and drying. The benefit process (fermentation and drying) was divided in stages depending on the degree of fermentation. The desirable compounds identified were: 3-methy-1-butanol, 2-phenyl-ethanol, benzaldehyde, phenyl acetaldehyde, ethylhexanoate, ethyl benzoate, ethylphenyl acetate and 2-phenyl ethyl acetate, which are associated with odoriferous notes very nice (chocolate, candy, sweet, nutty, honey, fruity, floral). Finally, a pre-treatment of cocoa beans CCN-51 prior to fermentation was proposed to be incorporated during the benefit of the beans as it seems to enhance the formation of desirable aroma compounds. Palabras clave: Análisis de componentes principales, beneficio, cacao, CCN-51, compuestos volátiles, cromatografía de gases-masas.
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Ahmad Khan, Ashfaq, Muhammad Shoaib Amjad, and Saboon. "GC-MS analysis and biological activities of Thymus vulgaris and Mentha arvensis essential oil." Turkish Journal of Biochemistry 44, no. 3 (June 26, 2019): 388–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tjb-2018-0258.
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Abstract Background Essential oils are chemical products produced by odoriferous glands from a variety of plants. These essential oil have many health benefits i.e. antiseptic, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities. So due to these medicinal properties present study was designed to analyze essential oil of Thymus vulgaris and Mentha arvensis for their chemical composition and biological activities. Materials and methods Essential oil from these plants were extracted by hydrodistillation method, and analyzed by GC-MS. To test the microbial activity of these oil disk diffusion method and micro wells method were used. For free radical scavenging DPPH assay was used. However total phenolic content was measured by colorimetric method. Results The GC-MS analysis of T. vulgaris oil showed the presence of 47 chemical compounds among which thymol, terpinene, p-cymene and carvacrol were major. However essential oil of M. arvensis showed the presence of 28 constituents, among which the Menthone, Menthol, Isomenthone, Eucalyptol, neo-Menthol, cis-Piperitone oxide, Linalool, Thymol, Limonene, and α-Phellandrene were major. Essential oil from both these plant tested for antimicrobial activity showed that the T. vulgaris oil was effective against seven bacterial strains and the essential oil of M. arvensis was effective against six bacterial strain. The antioxidant activity of both samples by DPPH assay which showed positive result. Conclusion As both species showed the presence of active components, positive microbial activities, and antioxidant activity so, research should be carried on for further biological activities of these oil for betterment of living beings.
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Alves, Thâmela, and Maria Aparecida Scatamburlo Moreira. "Mastite Bovina: Tratamento Convencional e Ação de Compostos Extraídos de Plantas." UNICIÊNCIAS 25, no. 1 (June 14, 2021): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17921/1415-5141.2021v25n1p20-25.
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A mastite bovina é a doença que mais onera a pecuária leiteira, por tratar-se de uma doença plurietiológica e multifatorial, e altamente contagiosa. O uso de antimicrobianos ainda é a principal estratégia para controle e tratamento; todavia, a resposta à antibioticoterapia e o aumento de resistência bacteriana, bem como, a presença de resíduos antimicrobianos no leite, tem sido foco de estudos para definir quais os fatores responsáveis por falhas na terapia; além do estudo de várias substâncias extraídas de plantas como alternativas terapêuticas. Este artigo foi elaborado por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica, com o objetivo de abordar o uso compostos naturais extraídos de plantas sobre bactérias isoladas em mastite bovina. Várias substâncias extraídas de plantas têm sido estudadas, para avaliação de suas atividades farmacológicas; gerando dados importantes e ótimos resultados. Grande destaque tem sido dado aos óleos essenciais, substâncias complexas voláteis, lipofílicas, odoríferas e líquidas, oriundas do metabolismo secundário de vegetais; e têm despertado interesse como alternativa ao tratamento da mastite bovina. Diversos trabalhos têm comprovado a eficácia de compostos naturais extraídos de plantas sobre bactérias isoladas em mastite bovina; apresentando como estratégia terapêutica promissora; apesar de grande parte da diversidade genética vegetal do Brasil ainda permanecer oculta à ciência, merecendo a avaliação de suas propriedades farmacológicas.
Palavras-chave: compostos naturais; pecuária leiteira; antimicrobiano.
Abstract
The bovine mastitis it’s the disease that most burden the dairy farming, due to the fact that it has many etiological reasons, and it is highly contagious. The use of antimicrobials is still the main strategy to control and treat this disease. However, the response to antibiotic treatment, the increase of bacterial resistance and the containing of antimicrobials residues in the milk as well, has been the main spot for researches to define which were the causes of failure in the treatment; also mentioning researches of many substances extracted from plants as alternative treatments. This article has been written using bibliographic survey with the objective to discuss the usage of natural compounds extracted from plants over isolated bacteria of cattle mastitis. Many substances taken from plants have been studied for the proper evaluation of their pharmacological usage, resulting in the achievement of important data and great results. A considerable highlight has been given to the essential oils, complex, volatile, lipophilic, odoriferous and liquid substances originated from the secondary metabolism of plants; they have risen the interest as an alternative to the treatment of cattle mastitis. Several researches have proved the efficiency of natural compounds extracted from plants over isolated bacteria of cattle mastitis; showing a new promising therapeutic strategy; although most of the vegetal genetic diversity in Brazil is still hidden to science, thus deserving a proper evaluation of their pharmacological properties.
Keywords: natural compounds; dairy farming; antimicrobial.
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Vesga, Omar, Maria Agudelo, Andrés F. Valencia-Jaramillo, Alejandro Mira-Montoya, Felipe Ossa-Ospina, Esteban Ocampo, Karl Čiuoderis, et al. "Highly sensitive scent-detection of COVID-19 patients in vivo by trained dogs." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (September 29, 2021): e0257474. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257474.
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Timely and accurate diagnostics are essential to fight the COVID-19 pandemic, but no test satisfies both conditions. Dogs can scent-identify the unique odors of volatile organic compounds generated during infection by interrogating specimens or, ideally, the body of a patient. After training 6 dogs to detect SARS-CoV-2 by scent in human respiratory secretions (in vitro diagnosis), we retrained 5 of them to search and find the infection by scenting the patient directly (in vivo screening). Then, efficacy trials were designed to compare the diagnostic performance of the dogs against that of the rRT-PCR in 848 human subjects: 269 hospitalized patients (COVID-19 prevalence 30.1%), 259 hospital staff (prevalence 2.7%), and 320 government employees (prevalence 1.25%). The limit of detection in vitro was lower than 10−12 copies ssRNA/mL. During in vivo efficacy experiments, our 5 dogs detected 92 COVID-19 positive patients among the 848 study subjects. The alert (lying down) was immediate, with 95.2% accuracy and high sensitivity (95.9%; 95% C.I. 93.6–97.4), specificity (95.1%; 94.4–95.8), positive predictive value (69.7%; 65.9–73.2), and negative predictive value (99.5%; 99.2–99.7) in relation to rRT-PCR. Seventy-five days after finishing in vivo efficacy experiments, a real-life study (in vivo effectiveness) was executed among the riders of the Metro System of Medellin, deploying the human-canine teams without previous training or announcement. Three dogs were used to examine the scent of 550 volunteers who agreed to participate, both in test with canines and in rRT-PCR testing. Negative predictive value remained at 99.0% (95% C.I. 98.3–99.4), but positive predictive value dropped to 28.2% (95% C.I. 21.1–36.7). Canine scent-detection in vivo is a highly accurate screening test for COVID-19, and it detects more than 99% of infected individuals independent of key variables, such as disease prevalence, time post-exposure, or presence of symptoms. Additional training is required to teach the dogs to ignore odoriferous contamination under real-life conditions.
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Radi, Fatima zahrae, Mohamed Bouhrim, Hamza Mechchate, Mohammed Al-zahrani, Ashraf Ahmed Qurtam, Abdulmalik M. Aleissa, Aziz Drioiche, Nadia Handaq, and Touriya Zair. "Phytochemical Analysis, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Properties of Thymus zygis L. and Thymus willdenowii Boiss. Essential Oils." Plants 11, no. 1 (December 22, 2021): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11010015.
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Essential oils (EOs) are chemical products produced by odoriferous glands from a variety of plants. These essential oils have many health benefits: antiseptic, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities. So due to these medicinal properties, the present study was designed to analyze essential oils of Thymus zygis L. and Thymus willdenowii Boiss. for their chemical composition and biological activities. These two thyme species were collected from the region of Ifrane, Middle Atlas of Morocco. The EO was obtained by hydrodistillation, and the yields were 5.25% for T. zygis and 3.00% for T. willdenowii. The chemical composition of the EOs was analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the results showed that T. zygis EO is dominated by carvacrol (52.5%), o-cymene (23.14%), and thymol (9.68%), while the EO of T. willdenowii contains germacrene D (16.51%), carvacrol (16.19%), and geranyl acetate (8.35%) as major compounds. The antioxidant activity assessed by Diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays revealed that both EOs have excellent antioxidant activities; by DPPH it resulted in IC50 = 6.13 ± 0.11 for T. zygis and 6.78 ± 0.3 µg/mL for T. willdenowii, while the one by FRAP yielded EC50 = 2.46 ± 0.01 (T. zygis) and 5.17 ± 0.2 (T. willdenowii) µg/mL. The antimicrobial activity of the two essential oils was evaluated against six bacterial strains and five fungal strains by the disk diffusion method to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC). The EOs revealed variable antimicrobial activities against the different tested microbial strains and showed strong antimicrobial activities, even against strains known as multi-resistant to antibiotics (Acinetobacter baumannii) at low concentrations (2 µL/mL). T. zygis EO showed the most powerful activity against all the studied bacteria, while that of T. willdenowii recorded moderate activity when tested against Shigella dysenteriae and Salmonella Typhi. With inhibition diameters that vary between 75 mm and 84 mm for concentrations of 2 µL/mL up to 12 µL/mL, S. aureus was shown to be the most sensitive to T. zygis EO. For the antifungal activity test, T. zygis EO showed the best inhibition diameters compared to T. willdenowii EO. These results showed that T. zygis EO has more powerful antioxidant and antimicrobial activities than T. willdenowii EO, therefore, we deduce that thyme EOs are excellent antioxidants, they have strong antimicrobial properties, and may in the future represent new sources of natural antiseptics that can be used in pharmaceutical and food industry.
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Loulier, Jérémie, François Lefort, Marcin Stocki, Monika Asztemborska, Rafał Szmigielski, Krzysztof Siwek, Tomasz Grzywacz, et al. "Detection of Fungi and Oomycetes by Volatiles Using E-Nose and SPME-GC/MS Platforms." Molecules 25, no. 23 (December 5, 2020): 5749. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25235749.
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Fungi and oomycetes release volatiles into their environment which could be used for olfactory detection and identification of these organisms by electronic-nose (e-nose). The aim of this study was to survey volatile compound emission using an e-nose device and to identify released molecules through solid phase microextraction–gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (SPME–GC/MS) analysis to ultimately develop a detection system for fungi and fungi-like organisms. To this end, cultures of eight fungi (Armillaria gallica, Armillaria ostoyae, Fusarium avenaceum, Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium poae, Rhizoctonia solani, Trichoderma asperellum) and four oomycetes (Phytophthora cactorum, P. cinnamomi, P. plurivora, P. ramorum) were tested with the e-nose system and investigated by means of SPME-GC/MS. Strains of F. poae, R. solani and T. asperellum appeared to be the most odoriferous. All investigated fungal species (except R. solani) produced sesquiterpenes in variable amounts, in contrast to the tested oomycetes strains. Other molecules such as aliphatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, esters and benzene derivatives were found in all samples. The results suggested that the major differences between respective VOC emission ranges of the tested species lie in sesquiterpene production, with fungi emitting some while oomycetes released none or smaller amounts of such molecules. Our e-nose system could discriminate between the odors emitted by P. ramorum, F. poae, T. asperellum and R. solani, which accounted for over 88% of the PCA variance. These preliminary results of fungal and oomycete detection make the e-nose device suitable for further sensor design as a potential tool for forest managers, other plant managers, as well as regulatory agencies such as quarantine services.
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Arizala, Dario, and Mohammad Arif. "Genome-Wide Analyses Revealed Remarkable Heterogeneity in Pathogenicity Determinants, Antimicrobial Compounds, and CRISPR-Cas Systems of Complex Phytopathogenic Genus Pectobacterium." Pathogens 8, no. 4 (November 20, 2019): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens8040247.
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The Pectobacterium genus comprises pectolytic enterobacteria defined as the causal agents of soft rot, blackleg, and aerial stem rot diseases of potato and economically important crops. In this study, we undertook extensive genome-wide comparative analyses of twelve species that conform the Pectobacterium genus. Bioinformatics approaches outlined a low nucleotide identity of P. parmentieri and P. wasabiae with other species, while P. carotovorum subsp. odoriferum was shown to harbor numerous pseudogenes, which suggests low coding capacity and genomic degradation. The genome atlases allowed for distinguishing distinct DNA structures and highlighted suspicious high transcription zones. The analyses unveiled a noteworthy heterogeneity in the pathogenicity determinants. Specifically, phytotoxins, polysaccharides, iron uptake systems, and the type secretion systems III–V were observed in just some species. Likewise, a comparison of gene clusters encoding antimicrobial compounds put in evidence for high conservation of carotovoricin, whereas a few species possessed the phenazine, carbapenem, and carocins. Moreover, three clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-Cas (CRISPR-Cas) systems: I-E, I-F, and III-A were identified. Surrounding some CRISPR-Cas regions, different toxin and antitoxin systems were found, which suggests bacterial suicide in the case of an immune system failure. Multiple whole-genome alignments shed light on to the presence of a novel cellobiose phosphotransferase system (PTS) exclusive to P. parmenteri, and an unreported T5SS conserved in almost all species. Several regions that were associated with virulence, microbe antagonism, and adaptive immune systems were predicted within genomic islands, which underscored the essential role that horizontal gene transfer has imparted in the dynamic evolution and speciation of Pectobacterium species. Overall, the results decipher the different strategies that each species has developed to infect their hosts, outcompete for food resources, and defend against bacteriophages. Our investigation provides novel genetic insights that will assist in understanding the pathogenic lifestyle of Pectobacterium, a genus that jeopardizes the agriculture sustainability of important crops worldwide.
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Ravendiran, E., Ajay Ojhab, Kaustubh Goswamib, and Md Nadeem Shaikhb. "Dispersion Modelling of Odoriferous Compounds from Landfill." International Journal of Research and Engineering 6, no. 3 (June 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/ijre.2019.6.3.3.
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Ramírez-Ordorica, Arturo, Hexon Angel Contreras-Cornejo, Nuvia Orduño-Cruz, Alfonso Luna-Cruz, Robert Winkler, and Lourdes Macías-Rodríguez. "Volatiles released by Beauveria bassiana induce oviposition behavior in the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)." FEMS Microbiology Ecology, September 27, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/femsec/fiac114.
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Abstract Microbial volatile organic compounds may act as semiochemicals, inciting different behavioral responses in insects. Beauveria bassiana is an entomopathogenic fungus, and physiological and environmental factors are positively related to fungal virulence. In this study, we examined the volatile profiles produced by eight B. bassiana strains, isolated from soil plots and mycosed insect cadavers, with different speeds of kill and determined if these compounds induce oviposition behavior in Spodoptera frugiperda. Fungal volatilome analysis revealed differences between the isolates. Isolates from mycosed insects showed higher virulence, larger egg mass area and length, and a higher number of eggs by mass, than those obtained from soil. Furthermore, a dilution of the fungal odoriferous compounds increased the insect response, suggesting that S. frugiperda is highly susceptible to the fungal compound´s fingerprint. Otherwise, the insect response to the natural blend of volatiles released by the fungus was different from that obtained with 3-methylbutanol, which was the most abundant compound in all isolates. The ability of an entomopathogen to produce volatiles that can induce olfactory stimulation of egg-laying behavior could represent an ecological adaptive advantage in which the entomopathogen stimulates the insect population growth.
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Francisco, V. C., R. R. Tullio, C. R. Marcondes, S. B. Pflanzer, and R. T. Nassu. "Meat Quality, Aroma Profile and Consumer Preference of Dry-Aged Beef." Meat and Muscle Biology 3, no. 2 (December 1, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.22175/mmb.10804.
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ObjectivesAging is a method for improving some sensory characteristics of meat, enhancing flavor and tenderness. The effect of aging in tenderness is well known but not well established in the flavor of dry-aged beef. This study aimed to evaluate the meat quality, volatile compounds profile and consumer preference between fresh and dry aged beef.Materials and MethodsLongissimus thoracis and lumborum muscles (right side) from five steers of Canchim (5/8 Charolais × 3/8 Zebu) breed fed with the same pellet diet (25% peanut shell; 69.23% corn grain; 2.27% soybean meal; 1% sodium bicarbonate; 1.50% minerals; 1.00% urea and 0.03% monensine in dry matter) were used. Animals were slaughtered at 36 mo of age with 562 kg of average weight. After 24 h postmortem, from the muscles of approximately 30 cm length, half of each was deboned, cut into 2.5 cm width steaks (“fresh”). The other half, which were bone-in beef loins, were maintained at 1 ± 1°C and 70% relative humidity (“dry-aged”) in a refrigerated chamber for 28 d, deboned and trimmed. Fresh and dry-aged samples were analyzed for meat quality (color, pH, water holding capacity, cooking loss, and Warner-Bratzler shear force). The remainder of these samples were vacuum packaged and frozen for sensory and volatile compounds analyses. Volatile compounds extracted by Solid-phase microextraction technique (SPME) were analyzed by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS). Consumer paired preference was performed in two sessions, where the preferred sample should be chosen and analyzed by using a table Standard Test Method for Directional Difference Test (ASTM E2164-08). Meat quality and volatile compounds results were analyzed by t test.ResultsColor, pH, and shear force were significantly different (p < 0.05) between fresh and dry aged samples. Higher values (p < 0.05) of a* (20.6) and b* (16.8) parameters were found in the dry aged meat meaning greater red color intensity in the dry aged samples. Fresh samples showed the lowest values (5.45). The shear force values were lower (p < 0.05) for dry aged samples (3.60 kgf) if compared to fresh samples (7.9 kgf). A total of 58 volatile compounds were found in fresh and dry aging meat: 13 hydrocarbons (22.4%), 12 aldehydes (20.7%), 9 ketones (15.5%), 8 alcohol (13.8%), 6 aromatic compounds (10.3%), carboxylic acid (8.6%), 3 sulfur compounds (5.2%), 1 lactone (1.7%) and 1 pyrazine (1.7%). Thirty-nine compounds were common to both treatments being 37 of them with odoriferous importance. Only 3 compounds (2-ethyl, 1-hexanol, 3-ethyl-3-hexene, and octane) were found only in fresh meat. Thirteen compounds were found only in the dry aged meat samples, being the main ones of odoriferous importance: methional (cheddar cheese), heptanoic acid (cheese), 2, 3-butanediol (cocoa butter), dimethyl disulfide (kale), furan, tetrahydro-2-methyl- (roasted, crusted beef and chicken), butanoic acid (rancid), dimethyl trisulfide (sulfureous, grassy) and 3-Octanone (musty, mushroom, moldy and fermented cheese). In the paired preference test, 71 from 78 consumers preferred the dry aged sample, mentioning mainly the reason for the choice the tenderness and flavor.ConclusionDry-aged beef showed enhanced tenderness and red color compared to fresh beef. Many volatile compounds of odoriferous importance were found in the dry aged beef which contributes to its unique flavor, explaining why it was more preferred in this study.
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Bertagnolli, Silvana Maria Michelin, Gabrieli Bernardi, Jossiê Zamperetti Donadel, Aline de Oliveira Fogaça, Roger Wagner, and Neidi Garcia Penna. "Natural sparkling guava wine: volatile and physicochemical characterization." Ciência Rural 47, no. 9 (August 3, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20151509.
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ABSTRACT: Although different tropical fruit species have been used in the development of fermented beverages, there are only few references in the literature to the production of natural sparkling wines from fruits other than grapes. In this sense, the objective of the present research was the development and physicochemical and volatile characterization of a natural sparkling guava wine produced by the champenoise method. Volatile compounds were identified by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry using the headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) technique on samples. Eighty-nine volatile compounds were detected, of which 51 were identified. Esters were the predominant class of volatile compounds (a total of 26), followed by alcohols (10), terpenes (9), ketones (3), and acids (3). Volatile compounds with possible odoriferous activity were reported in the beverage, including ethyl octanoate, ethyl 5-hexenoate, phenethyl acetate, (E)-β-damascenone, (E)-ethyl cinnamate, 2-methyl butyl acetate, 3-methylbutanol, ethyl 3-(E)-hexenoate, and methyl 5-hexenoate. Natural sparkling guava wine produced showed a complex composition of fruity and floral aromas. Furthermore, the use of the champenoise method, traditionally applied to grapes, enabled the manufacture of a natural sparkling guava wine with physicochemical characteristics equivalent to those of sparkling wines made from grapes.
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Lehmann, Sabrina, Bibi Atika, Daniela Grossmann, Christian Schmitt-Engel, Nadi Strohlein, Upalparna Majumdar, Tobias Richter, et al. "Phenotypic screen and transcriptomics approach complement each other in functional genomics of defensive stink gland physiology." BMC Genomics 23, no. 1 (August 20, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12864-022-08822-z.
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Abstract Background Functional genomics uses unbiased systematic genome-wide gene disruption or analyzes natural variations such as gene expression profiles of different tissues from multicellular organisms to link gene functions to particular phenotypes. Functional genomics approaches are of particular importance to identify large sets of genes that are specifically important for a particular biological process beyond known candidate genes, or when the process has not been studied with genetic methods before. Results Here, we present a large set of genes whose disruption interferes with the function of the odoriferous defensive stink glands of the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum. This gene set is the result of a large-scale systematic phenotypic screen using RNA interference applied in a genome-wide forward genetics manner. In this first-pass screen, 130 genes were identified, of which 69 genes could be confirmed to cause phenotypic changes in the glands upon knock-down, which vary from necrotic tissue and irregular reservoir size to irregular color or separation of the secreted gland compounds. Gene ontology analysis revealed that many of those genes are encoding enzymes (peptidases and cytochromes P450) as well as proteins involved in membrane trafficking with an enrichment in lysosome and mineral absorption pathways. The knock-down of 13 genes caused specifically a strong reduction of para-benzoquinones in the gland reservoirs, suggesting a specific function in the synthesis of these toxic compounds. Only 14 of the 69 confirmed gland genes are differentially overexpressed in stink gland tissue and thus could have been detected in a transcriptome-based analysis. However, only one out of eight genes identified by a transcriptomics approach known to cause phenotypic changes of the glands upon knock-down was recognized by this phenotypic screen, indicating the limitation of such a non-redundant first-pass screen. Conclusion Our results indicate the importance of combining diverse and independent methodologies to identify genes necessary for the function of a certain biological tissue, as the different approaches do not deliver redundant results but rather complement each other. The presented phenotypic screen together with a transcriptomics approach are now providing a set of close to hundred genes important for odoriferous defensive stink gland physiology in beetles.
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BROEKHOF, N. L. J. M., J. G. WITTEVEEN, and A. J. A. VAN DER WEERDT. "ChemInform Abstract: Characteristic Odoriferous Compounds of Brown Algae: Syntheses of Possible Oxidation Products of (6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)-1,6,9,12,15-Heneicosapentaene and (6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z)-1,6,9,12,15,18-Heneicosahexaene." ChemInform 18, no. 9 (March 3, 1987). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.198709337.
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