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1
So, Tak-wing. "Odour nuisance from restaurants and its control /." [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1993. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13498563.
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Murali, Sathish kumar. "Odor sensitivity in CD-1 mice for "green" odors." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Molekylär genetik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-68956.
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―Green‖ odors comprise a group of eight structurally related aliphatic alkenals and alkenols which are characteristic for the odor of a wide variety of plant materials. Using an automated olfactometer, the olfactory detection thresholds for ―green‖ odors were determined in six CD-1 mice and compared with that of spider monkeys and human subjects. Detection threshold values for alcoholic ‖green‖ odors (cis-3-hexen-1-ol, trans-3-hexen-1-ol, trans-2-hexen-1-ol and 1-hexanol) ranged from 8.1 x 109 to 8.1 x 1011 molecules/cm3 and for aldehydic ‖green‖ odors (cis-3-hexenal, trans-3-hexenal, trans-2-hexenal and n-hexanal) , from 8.1 x 107 to 8.1 x 1011 molecules/ cm3 . Detection threshold values of ―green‖ odor with double bond ranged from 8.1 x 107 to 8.1 x 1011 molecules/cm3 and for ―green‖ odor without double bond ranged from 8.1 x 108 to 8.1 x 1011 molecules/cm3. Detection threshold value of cis- configured ―green‖ odors ranged from 8.1 x 108 to 8.1 x 1011 molecules/ cm3 and for trans- configured ―green‖ odors threshold value ranged from 8.1 x 107 to 8.1 x 1011 molecules/ cm3. Trans-2-hexenal with a double bond at C-2 position in its molecular structure yielded the lowest detection threshold value when compared the other ―green‖ odors (8.1 x 107 to 8.1 x 109 molecules /cm3) which shows not only the presence of double bond plays a major role in detection but the position of the double bond present. A comparison between the present data and data from the other species showed that CD-1 mice displayed lower detection thresholds for all ‖green‖ odors than human subjects and spider monkeys except for the cis-3-hexen-1-ol odor. These findings suggest that the differences in the threshold values between ―green‖ odors are due to the difference in the molecular structure like the presence of double bond and the position of double bond.
3
Vilalai, Sirapong. "Statistical odor prediction models for supporting biosolids odor management." College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/8805.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2008.Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering Engineering. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
4
Willander, Johan. "Autobiographical odor memory." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-7172.
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Legha, Prem. "Molecular structure and odor mixture perception." Thesis, View thesis, 2004. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/549.
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The sense of smell is a primal sense for humans as well as animals.In everyday life the smells encountered are composed of dozens, even hundreds of odors; few arise from a single odorant. Enormous numbers of odors occur due to the vast variation in the concentration, size and structure of odorant molecules that makes olfaction differ from simpler visual or auditory dimensions. Accordingly, little is known about the ways in which changes in molecular structure and concentration of individual odorants change odor quality. Also, currently not much is understood about synergism/antagonism, how one odorant masks or suppresses another in mixtures and there is no method for predicting which odor will be suppressed. The two main objectives of this thesis were to determine whether a part of a molecular structure rather than the whole structure plays a key role in odor quality and whether a key part of a molecule can be used to choose antagonists for that odorant. For this study three classes of musks and two potential antagonists were used. The results of the study are discussed in some detail. It is concluded that future studies of the importance of molecular structure in mixture interactions require substantially more information on the relation between structure and odor quality to allow systematic studies to be developed. In summary the two hypotheses investigated were not supported by the results. Importantly, however, they do support the view that it is likely that odor quality is dependent on the whole structure of an odorant not a single feature.
6
Arshamian, Artin. "Olfactory Cognition : The Case of Olfactory Imagery." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Psykologiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-88413.
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The capacity to form olfactory images has received less attention than the formation of visual and auditory images. The evidence in favor of such ability is also inconsistent. This thesis explored some of the characteristics of olfactory imagery through three empirical studies. Study I investigated the effects of blocking spontaneous sniffing during olfactory imagery. The results indicated that the prevention of spontaneous sniffing reduced olfactory but not visual imagery capacity. Study II studied the relation between olfactory awareness (as indexed by olfactory dreams, olfactory imagery, and olfactory interest) and olfactory functions (i.e., odor threshold, episodic odor memory, and odor identification). The main findings were that compared to low, high olfactory awareness was associated with better episodic odor memory and identification, but not with higher olfactory sensitivity. Study III investigated the neural correlates of odor evoked autobiographical memories (OEAMs) as (a) a function of cue modality (i.e., odors and their verbal referents), and (b) a function of memory remoteness. The results from Study III showed that OEAMs activated regions generally associated with autobiographical memory. In addition, verbally cued OEAMs were associated with activity linked to olfactory imagery. Odor cues activated the limbic and temporal polar regions more than verbal cues; a result that may explain the phenomenological differences found between the cued memories. Moreover, OEAMs from the first decade of life were associated with higher activity in the secondary olfactory cortex, whereas memories from young adulthood were related to areas linked to semantic memory processing. Taken together these studies favor the notion of a human capacity to form olfactory images.
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Schreiner, Linda [Verfasser]. "Characterization of conifer wood regarding its odor-active constituents, their structure-odor relationships, and the influence of wood odors on humans / Linda Schreiner." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1220568031/34.
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Norton, Jenny Lynn. "Efficacy of Odor Scavengers in Reducing Odor Compounds in Water, Milk, and Soymilk." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45094.
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Odor detection thresholds of hexanal, 2-heptenal, 2-pentanone, and 2,4-nonadienal were determined in spring water, high temperature short time (HTST) 2% fat milk, and extended shelf life soymilk. The efficacy of odor scavenger's beta-cyclodextrin, D-sorbitol, and nylon 6 in removing these odors was also determined. The odor thresholds of the different odor and media combinations were as follows: hexanal in spring water, milk, and soymilk were 585, 339, and 536 ppb respectively; 2-heptenal in spring water, milk, and soymilk were 2,092, 2,322, and 3,184 ppb respectively; 2-pentanone in spring water, milk and soymilk were 24,925, 29,255 and 33,271 ppb respectively; and 2,4-nonadienal in spring water, milk, and soymilk were 164, 326, and 243 ppb respectively. These amounts reference the initial spiked concentration that was added directly to the media. Both hexanal and 2,4-nonadienal had lower thresholds than 2-heptenal and 2-pentanone in all of the media. The odor detection thresholds of 2-heptenal, 2-pentanone, and 2,4-nonadienal did show a significant difference between soymilk and water, but not for milk. The efficacy of the odor scavengers were determined by use of solid phase micro-extraction gas chromatography (SPME-GC) and sensory evaluation. Hexanal, 2-heptenal, 2-pentanone, and 2,4-nonadienal were spiked at 1,000, 3,000, 30,000, and 300 ppb respectively in all three media. Beta-cyclodextrin, D-sorbitol, and nylon 6 were added at a level of 0.1% w/v and 1.0% w/v. In all of the media, beta-cyclodextrin was found to significantly reduce hexanal, 2-pentanone, 2-heptenal, and 2,4-nonadienal at both 0.1% w/v and 1.0% w/v. Nylon 6 was not found beneficial.Master of Science
9
LocPort, Jamie Kendra. "THE NOSE KNOWS WHICH WAY THE ODOR FLOWS: SPATIAL ORIENTATION IN ODOR-GUIDED NAVIGATION." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1522781434619908.
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Mašek, Pavel. "Odor intensity learning in Drosophila." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=979681405.
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Kwan, Yiu-keung John. "Odour control & legislation for the large offensive smell facilities in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B17457324.
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Carreira, Laura Regula Eustáquio. "Influência do odor de alimentos no proteoma salivar: o caso particular do odor do pão." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/27215.
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Cheirar um alimento desencadeia emoções e a salivação. Contudo, não se sabe que alterações esse estímulo induz na composição proteica da saliva.
Este trabalho tem como objetivo identificar alterações induzidas pelo odor do pão no proteoma salivar, relacionando-as com emoções desencadeadas e avaliando a sua semelhança com a mastigação. As técnicas utilizadas foram: quantificação em proteína total, eletroforese bidimensional, ELISA e determinação de atividade enzimática.
Observaram-se aumentos nos níveis de expressão de spots proteicos de α-amilase e cistatinas, com o cheiro, semelhantes às induzidas pela mastigação do mesmo alimento. Já os níveis de imunoglobulinas não diminuem com o cheiro, ao contrário da mastigação. O desejo desencadeado pelo odor do pão resultou em maiores aumentos de taxa de secreção, cortisol e amilase salivares. Conclui-se que, o proteoma salivar responde ao odor dos alimentos e que algumas alterações são semelhantes às resultantes da mastigação desse alimento; The influence of food odor in salivary proteome: the particular case of bread odor
Abstract:
Smelling food causes emotions and induces salivation. However, it is not known which changes this stimulus causes in the salivary protein composition.
This paper aims to identify changes induced by bread odor in salivary proteome, relating them to perceived emotions and assessing their similarity with changes induced by chewing. The techniques used were: total protein quantification, two-dimensional electrophoresis, ELISA and enzymatic activity quantification.
Increases in expression levels of α-amylase and cystatins’ protein spots, induced by food odor were observed, which were similar to the ones induced by chewing the same food. Immunoglobulin levels do not decrease with odor, by opposition to chewing. The desire caused by the odor of bread resulted in higher increases in salivary secretion, cortisol and amylase rates. It is concluded that salivary proteome responds to food odor and some changes are similar to those resulting from chewing of this food.
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Inoue, Naohiko. "Effects of jasmine tea odor and its odor component on autonomic nervous activity and performance." Kyoto University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/147768.
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Kyoto University (京都大学)0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第10919号
農博第1425号
新制||農||892(附属図書館)
学位論文||H16||N3930(農学部図書室)
UT51-2004-G766
京都大学大学院農学研究科食品生物科学専攻
(主査)教授 伏木 亨, 教授 大東 肇, 教授 井上 國世
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Allen, Caroline. "The artificially scented ape : investigating the role of fragrances and body odours in human interactions." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/22599.
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It was long believed that humans were unable to utilise the odours of conspecifics to co-ordinate social interactions in ways in which other species appear to be capable. However, a surge in interest in human social olfaction has recently challenged this view. The numerous studies conducted in this area have found that multiple state and trait related cues can be detected in body odour. Furthermore, many studies indicate that women are often more sensitive to these cues, and that sensitivity can be associated with fertility, findings that are consistent with sex differences in reproductive effort and benefits of choosiness in mate-searching. Since previous studies in this area have usually addressed the potential for humans to use olfactory communication in a comparable manner to other mammals, they typically involve collection and assessment of ‘natural’ odour. That is, they explicitly exclude the possibility of ‘contamination’ of odour samples by artificial fragrances. However, humans have used artificial fragrances for millennia, across many different cultures. This raises the question of whether widespread fragrance use may affect or disrupt the detection of this information in modern humans. The first aim of this thesis was to address this question by investigating how fragrance use may mediate the detection of olfactory information in humans. As well as providing further evidence for sex differences in the assessment of olfactory cues, and for the role of olfaction in real world partner choice, the findings herein suggest that fragrance may act differently on different information being assessed, potentially masking accurate assessment of certain traits (such as masculinity), while fragrance choice and preferences may be important in complementing other olfactory information (such as the general distinguishability of an individuals’ odour profile). A second aim of the thesis was to develop a scale in order to more accurately describe the varying perceptual qualities of human body odour – in other words to map human body odours. This work was conducted alongside perfumers in order to benefit from their expertise in olfactory perception and semantic labelling of odours. The development of such a scale could enable improved understanding of the perceptual qualities of human odour, making it possible to link specific perceptual qualities to specific cues (e.g. symmetry, masculinity, sex) or to manipulate odours based on perceptual qualities in experimental settings, and has direct practical implications for fragrance designers and for improving the ability of individuals to choose fragrance products that suit their odour profile. The second section of the thesis focuses on the effects of odours on the individual wearer as well as on perceivers in the environment. One study is presented which investigates the role of malodour reduction compared to the addition of fragrances in perceptions of confidence and attractiveness, finding that both the reduction of malodour and the addition of fragrance appear to be important for confidence as rated by others in the environment. The final study presented in the thesis examines a hitherto un-investigated role of olfaction during human pregnancy. The rationale for the study is based on evidence suggesting that in certain non-human species, which also show bi-parental care of offspring, there may be a role for chemical, or odour based, communication which underpins behavioural and endocrinological changes related to infant care behaviours in males. The study found little evidence to support the presence of analogous olfactory signalling during human pregnancy, though the findings are discussed in light of methodological changes which, if made in future studies, may result in different outcomes. The thesis concludes with a discussion of the importance of continuing to investigate various forms of olfactory communication, as well as improving our understanding of odours through the mapping of their perceptual qualities, and finally further examining the ways in which various fragranced products, which are widely used in society, may affect all of this. Future directions for this area of research are discussed. This line of investigation will, I argue, enable us to finally establish the true role of olfaction in contemporary social environments.
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Rybalsky, Konstantin A. "Semantic Influences on Episodic Memory for Odors." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1249320184.
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Hedner, Margareta. "Olfactory Function : The Influence of Demographic, Cognitive, and Genetic Factors." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Psykologiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-85907.
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Olfactory function is affected by demographic, cognitive, and genetic factors. In the present thesis, three empirical studies investigated individual differences in olfactory ability. Study I explored demographic and cognitive correlates in common olfactory tasks; odor detection, odor discrimination, and odor identification. The results indicated that old age influenced performance negatively in all tasks, and that semantic memory proficiency and executive functioning were related to odor discrimination and odor identification performance. No cognitive influence was observed for measurements of olfactory threshold. Using population-based data, Study II investigated a potential influence of the ApoE gene on olfactory identification after controlling for health status, semantic memory, and preclinical and clinical dementia. The main finding was that the ApoE- ɛ4 allele interacted with age, such that older ɛ4-carriers had an impaired odor identification performance relative to older non-carriers. Importantly, the negative ApoE- ɛ4 effect on olfactory proficiency was independent of clinical dementia conversion within five years. Study III investigated the effects of the BDNF val66met polymorphism on olfactory change over a five-year interval, in a community dwelling sample of young and old age cohorts. The results showed that age-related decline in olfactory identification was influenced by the BDNF val66met. In middle-aged subjects, no effect of BDNF val66met was observed although older val homozygote carriers showed a selectively larger olfactory decline than the older met carriers. Overall, results suggest that the relative influence of demographic and cognitive factors vary across different olfactory tasks and that two genes (ApoE and BDNF) impact age-related deficits in odor identification. Potential theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed as well as potential limitations of association studies in genomics research.
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Legha, Prem, University of Western Sydney, of Science Technology and Environment College, and of Science Food and Horticulture School. "Molecular structure and odor mixture perception." THESIS_CSTE_SFH_Legha_P.xml, 2004. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/549.
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The sense of smell is a primal sense for humans as well as animals.In everyday life the smells encountered are composed of dozens, even hundreds of odors; few arise from a single odorant. Enormous numbers of odors occur due to the vast variation in the concentration, size and structure of odorant molecules that makes olfaction differ from simpler visual or auditory dimensions. Accordingly, little is known about the ways in which changes in molecular structure and concentration of individual odorants change odor quality. Also, currently not much is understood about synergism/antagonism, how one odorant masks or suppresses another in mixtures and there is no method for predicting which odor will be suppressed. The two main objectives of this thesis were to determine whether a part of a molecular structure rather than the whole structure plays a key role in odor quality and whether a key part of a molecule can be used to choose antagonists for that odorant. For this study three classes of musks and two potential antagonists were used. The results of the study are discussed in some detail. It is concluded that future studies of the importance of molecular structure in mixture interactions require substantially more information on the relation between structure and odor quality to allow systematic studies to be developed. In summary the two hypotheses investigated were not supported by the results. Importantly, however, they do support the view that it is likely that odor quality is dependent on the whole structure of an odorant not a single feature.Master of Science (Hons)
18
Halageri, Natasha. "Odor Monitoring at Wastewater Treatment Plants." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2012. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1580.
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Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is notable for its toxicity and corrosion is one of the major sources of odor in wastewater treatment plants. Evaluation of existing or potential odor problems requires knowledge of the type of compounds likely to cause such problems and the mechanism of their formation in wastewater systems which is discussed in this paper. For the present study, the East Bank wastewater treatment plant was chosen since it is the largest wastewater treatment facility within Jefferson Parish, Louisiana. To combat the odor problems in this facility, a monitoring program was designed and developed to characterize the severity of the problem. The program involved continuous ambient monitoring followed by careful evaluation of the data obtained from sample collection and analysis. Different instruments were strategically placed within the facility after a hot-spot analysis to determine the major sources of odor generation.
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Verma, Nitin. "Anaerobic Digestion: Factors Effecting Odor Generation." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43768.
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Land application of anaerobically stabilized biosolids is a beneficial method of handling the solid residuals from a wastewater treatment plant. One of the main issues that restrict land application of biosolids is nuisance odors associated with biosolids. Despite its importance, few studies have been done to enhance our knowledge of odor causing processes. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of some factors that have been thought to be linked to odor generation from biosolids. The first part of this study has looked at the role of metals, iron and aluminum in particular, in determining the odor causing processes. The results showed that iron correlated well with headspace organic sulfur odor. In general, as the iron content of sludge increased greater amounts of odorous sulfur gases were produced from dewatered biosolids cakes. Aluminum did not show any relationship with organic sulfur odors. Parameters commonly used for assessing the performance of anaerobic digesters (volatile solids reduction (VSR), residual biological activity (RBA) and effluent volatile fatty acid (VFA) content) also showed no correlation with odors.
The second part of the study focused on determining the impact of anaerobic digester solids retention time (SRT) on the odor generation from dewatered biosolids cakes and also on elucidating the nature and impact of the various Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) fractions on odors. The results showed that odors decreased with an increase in the anaerobic digester SRT. VSR and RBA correlated with odors; however, as only one type of sludge was assessed, the conclusions about any relationship may not be universal. The results also showed that sulfur gas generation was a function of EPS material bound to iron, again showing that iron plays an important role in odor generation from dewatered sludge cakes.
The third part of the study looked at the effects of advanced digestion processes on odor generation. Digested sludge from acid/gas and temperature phased anaerobic digestion systems were analyzed in the lab. The results show that both acid/gas system and temperature phased digestion had a positive impact on odor generation from dewatered biosolids cake. Comparison of sludge from pancake shaped and egg shaped digesters showed that egg shaped digester was more efficient with regard to odor reduction.Master of Science
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Legha, Prem. "Molecular structure and odor mixture perception." View thesis, 2004. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20040723.142239/index.html.
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Thesis (M.Sc. (Hons)) -- University of Western Sydney, 2004."This thesis was submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science (Hons) in the Centre for Advanced Food Research, University of Western Sydney, June 2004" Includes bibliography.
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Carvalho, Cleide Martins de. "Odor e biodesodorização em reatores anaeróbios." Florianópolis, SC, 2001. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/81686.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenhria AmbientalMade available in DSpace on 2012-10-19T06:50:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2014-09-25T21:29:45Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 179384.pdf: 11718952 bytes, checksum: 474a2971b8ae2a6841edfce03e756cc9 (MD5)
Os maus odores têm sido os responsáveis pelos fortes protestos e reclamações de uma população ligada a estes incômodos. As emissões odorantes podem ser originadas das mais diversas atividades antropogênicas, sejam elas agrícolas, domésticas ou industriais. Os principais pontos de emissão dos odores nas ETEs incluem as elevatórias, o pré-tratamento, o espessador e a desidratação do lodo. Atualmente, no Brasil os digestores anaeróbios têm sido mais aplicados e evoluídos tecnologicamente, tornando-se cada vez mais popular, porém, necessitam serem otimizados no aspecto de gestão de odores. Com base nestas informações o presente trabalho, teve como objetivos: investigar metodologias para a determinação da intensidade odorante pela avaliação olfatométrica, caracterizar os gases odorantes e avaliar uma alternativa de processo não convencional para o tratamento das emissões odoríferas.O sistema de tratamento empregado, o biofiltro piloto com leito de turfa foi utilizado no tratamento das emissões odorantes provenientes de um reator anaeróbio. O biofiltro piloto constituiu-se de uma coluna de PVC de 0,20 m de diâmetro interno e 0,70 m de altura, com 0,10 m de fundo falso e 50 cm de preenchimento com turfa orgânica natural. A alimentação do biofiltro foi efetuada por meio de um ventilador centrífugo industrial que coletava os gases do reator anaeróbio, direcionando-os para a sua parte inferior. A metodologia utilizada para o sistema de amostragem dos gases na entrada e saída do biofiltro foi constituída pela seqüência de frascos lavadores para a absorção dos gases (H2S, NH3 e COV). Nas análises químicas foram obtidas concentrações máximas de H2S de 0,314 mg/m3 na entrada do biofiltro e 0,007mg/m3 na saída o que corresponde a 98% de eficiência. Para NH3 a concentração máxima obtida foi 0,180 mg/m3 na entrada do biofiltro e 0,035 mg/m3 na saída obtendo eficiência de 80%. A concentração máxima obtida de COVs foi 0,291 mg/m3 na entrada do biofiltro e 0,064 mg/m3 na saída, correspondendo a 78% de eficiência. A análise olfatométrica apresentou redução de intensidade odorante com valores de entrada médio a forte e saída fraco a médio, obtendo-se uma boa redução dos odores no processo de biofiltração e mantendo a boa relação com a análise química. Com base no trabalho experimental realizado, concluiu-se que o biofiltro com leito de turfa é uma tecnologia interessante para o tratamento de gases odorantes, por apresentar boa eficiência na redução dos gases odorantes, baixos custos de implantação e operação e facilidade de manutenção, se comparado com outros sistemas de desodorização.
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Wu, Jin S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Odor mapping in neuroscience and design." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/122564.
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Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, System Design and Management Program, Engineering and Management Program, 2019.Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2019.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 120-122).
The olfactory system remains one of the least well understood out of the five senses. In this thesis we examined the mappings of the odors to pathways in the brain as an initial assessment for the feasibility of digital odor. The results confirmed previous findings that each odor activated 1-6 neurons. Next, we looked at a controversial theory of odor detection using vibrations popularized recently by Luca Turin and its implications using Human Centered Design (HCD). We analyze the viability of products that could result from synthesizing digital smell using frequencies in the infrared range produced by vibrations and the general public's perceptions of these products. The results show that the technology is not readily accepted by users at the present time.
by Jun Wu.
S.M. in Engineering and Management
S.M.
S.M.inEngineeringandManagement Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, System Design and Management Program, Engineering and Management Program
S.M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering
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Zhang, Wenxiu. "Preventive control of ammonia and odor emissions during the active phase of poultry manure composting." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/4305.
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Traditional measures used in the composting industry for ammonia and odor emissions control are those involving collection and treatment such as thermal oxidation, adsorption, wet scrubbing and biofiltration. However, these methods do not address the source of the odor generation problem. The primary objective of this thesis research was to develop preventive means to minimize ammonia and odor emissions, and maximize nitrogen conservation to increase the agronomic value of compost. Laboratory-scale experiments were performed to examine the effectiveness of various technologies to minimize these emissions during the active phase of composting. These techniques included precipitating ammonium into struvite in composting matrix before it release to outside environment; the use of chemical and biological additives in the form of yeast, zeolite and alum; and the manipulation of key operational parameters during the composting process.
The fact that struvite crystals were formed in manure composting media, as verified by both XRD and SEM-EDS analyses, represents novel findings from this study. This technique was able to reduce ammonia emission by 40-84%, while nitrogen content in the finished compost was increased by 37-105%. The application of yeast and zeolite with dosages of 5-10% enhanced the thermal performance of composting and the degree of degradation, and ammonia emission was reduced by up to 50%. Alum was found to be the most effective additive for both ammonia and odor emission control; ammonia emission decreased by 45-90% depending on the dosage, and odor emission assessed via an dynamic dilution olfactometer was reduced by 44% with dosages above 2.5%. This study reaffirmed that aeration is the most influential factor to odor emission. An optimal airflow rate for odor control would be 0.6 L/min.kg dry matter with an intermittent aeration system. Quantitative relationships between odor emission and key operational parameters were determined, which would enable “best management practices” to be devised and implemented for composting.
An empirical odor predictive model was developed to provide a simple and direct means for simulation of composting odor emissions. The effects of operating conditions were incorporated into the model with multiplicative algorithm and linearization approximation approach. The model was validated with experimental observations.
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Eyres, Graham Terence, and n/a. "Determination of character-impact odorants in hop essential oils using hyphenated techniques in gas chromatography." University of Otago. Department of Food Science, 2007. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20080125.143442.
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Hops (Humulus lupulus L.) are an indispensable component of beer, with the essential oil responsible for imparting distinctive odour and aroma characteristics to beer. However, not all character-impact odorants in hop essential oil have been identified and hop aroma in beer is still not completely understood. The composition of hop essential oil is very complex with 485 compounds currently identified in the literature, and recent research suggests that up to 1000 compounds may actually be present. Only a certain number will be present at concentrations above threshold and make a direct contribution to the odour of the oil. In addition, many important odorants are only present at trace concentrations. Gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O) using human assessors is the best way to locate potent odorants and facilitate their identification.
A novel methodology was developed to identify the character-impact odorants in hop essential oil samples using hyphenated techniques in gas chromatography. GC-O was used to locate odour active compounds and determine relative importance using CharmAnalysis[TM] according to the odour potency principle. Due to the chemical complexity of the samples, considerable co-elution of peaks occurs during single column gas chromatography (1DGC), making the detection and identification of character-impact odorants challenging. Therefore, comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GCxGC) combined with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) was used to resolve and identify compounds eluting in the odour active regions.
The methodology was developed in a case study on coriander (Coriandrum sativum) and wild coriander (Eryngium foetidum) leaf essential oils. During GC-O analysis of these samples it was recognised that odour active regions frequently coincide with several co-eluting compounds. To address this, a heart-cut multidimensional gas chromatography-olfactometry (MDGC-O) instrument was developed to resolve these 'co-eluting odour clusters' and determine the compound(s) responsible for the odour perception.
The 'spicy' character of hops is considered to be a desirable attribute in beer associated with 'noble hop aroma'. However, the compounds responsible have yet to be adequately elucidated. This character was investigated using a commercial 'Spicy' fraction of hop essential oil, selectively enriched for monoterpene and sesquiterpene alcohols. The odour active compounds in (i) the spicy fractions and (ii) the whole essential oils of four different hop varieties were compared using the presented methodology.
A compound with an intense 'woody, cedarwood' odour was determined to be a potent, character-impact odorant in all samples. This odour coincided with a complex region of the chromatogram where up to thirteen compounds were co-eluting. The peak responsible for this odour was determined by (i) correlation of peak areas with odour potency (Charm) values and (ii) MDGC-O. The compound was tentatively identified by GCxGC-TOFMS as 14-hydroxy-β-caryophyllene, which has not previously been reported as an odorant in hop essential oil. It was concluded that this compound and other 'woody, cedarwood' odorants contributed to the 'spicy' character of the investigated hop samples. Compounds previously associated with noble hop aroma, notably caryophyllene oxide, humulene epoxides I and II, and humulenol II, did not contribute to the odour character of the hop samples.
Other potent odorants that were identified in the whole essential oil and spicy fractions of hops were: geraniol, linalool, β-ionone, eugenol, isovaleric acid, and β-damascenone. While myrcene was a moderately potent odorant in the whole hop essential oil samples, the abundant sesquiterpene hydrocarbons α-humulene, β-caryophyllene and β-farnesene did not significantly contribute to the odour character.
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Guarrieloo, Nicholas. "DETERMINING EMISSIONS FROM LANDFILLS AND CREATING ODOR BUFFER DISTANCES." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2009. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2861.
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With population growing every year, more and more people are looking for places to live. This can lead to construction of houses near and around landfills. As homes get closer to landfills, the odors these landfills produce become more of a problem, and lead to an increase in odor complaints. Modeling these odors and recommending odor buffer distances will help determine limits on how close to landfills new homes should be allowed. This should help reduce future odor complaints. To solve this problem one must accurately estimate odorous gas emissions from the landfill. Often odors can be indicated by methane emissions. A new technique using hundreds of ambient VOC concentrations, which are taken from landfills on a quarterly basis, was used to invert and solve the Gaussian dispersion equation for methane emissions. In this technique, Voronoi diagram theory was used to automatically locate numerous point sources for optimal positioning relative to receptors. The newly solved methane emission rates can now be input into a dispersion model, and the resulting methane concentrations used as surrogates for odors around the landfill. One of the most important steps in the analysis is to determine which model is best to use for odor modeling. There are many considerations that go into this decision, such as how much time it takes to run the model, how accurate the model is, and how easy the model is to use. Two current models CALPUFF and AERMOD were compared. In the modeling, methane was used as a surrogate for the odors. Since landfills handle many different combinations of waste, the type of odor may vary from landfill to landfill. In this test case, H2S was assumed to be the main contributor to the odor emitted from the landfill, and the H2S-to-methane ratio was used to estimate downwind H2S concentrations from the modeled methane concentrations. Once an air dispersion model is selected, it can be used to model odors and to develop a graphical screening method to show where these odors are most likely to occur and how strong they will be. This can be used to determine how close to a landfill homes can be built without having significant odor impacts bothering these new residents. Also, this tool can be used for improving landfill gas management. Several example scenarios include the possibility of not enough soil cover placed on the waste, leaks from an aging collection system, or cracks in the collection piping created by the settling of waste.M.S.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Environment Engr Sciences MS
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Delbem, Nara Laiane Casagrande 1987. "Validação de protocolo de imunocastração em suínos desempenho animal e qualidade de carne /." Botucatu, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/153845.
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Orientador: Roberto de Oliveira RoçaResumo: Foram avaliados quatro protocolos da vacina Valora® (Ceva) para verificar a eficiência da vacina e diferenças na resposta produtiva, características de carcaça e qualidade da carne de suínos imunocastrados em relação aos castrados cirurgicamente. O total de 60 suínos machos, híbridos, alojados em baias individuais, foi dividido em cinco grupos (n = 12): animais castrados cirurgicamente (CC), vacinados com 8 e 19 semanas (V1); vacinados com 8 e 21 semanas (V2); vacinados com 8 e 23 semanas (V3) e vacinados com 8 e 24 semanas (V4) com delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado. Os parâmetros peso, consumo de ração, conversão alimentar e rendimento de carcaça foram avaliados e, na véspera do abate, foram colhidas amostras de 4mL de sangue para mensurar a concentração sérica de LH e testosterona. No frigorífico foram avaliados peso e dimensões dos testículos. Após o resfriamento das carcaças, foram colhidas amostras do Musculus longissimus thoracis para as análises de qualidade da carne, incluindo a sensorial, e da gordura perianal para mensurar a concentração de escatol e androstenona. Nas condições do estudo, não foram detectadas diferenças entre os suínos castrados e imunocastrados, nem entre os protocolos de imunocastração para os parâmetros produtivos. Também não foi detectada diferença entre os tratamentos para o odor sexual e qualidade final da carne. Dessa forma, os protocolos de imunocastração determinaram resultados semelhantes à castração no desempenho, caracte... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Four Valora ® (Ceva) vaccine protocols were evaluated to verify vaccine efficacy and differences in the productive response, carcass characteristics and quality of the meat of pigs immunocastrated in relation to those surgically castrated. A total of 60 male pigs, hybrids, housed in individual pens were divided into five groups (n = 12) animals surgically castrated (CC), vaccinated with 8 and 19 weeks (V1); vaccinated at 8 and 21 weeks (V2); vaccinated at 8 and 23 weeks (V3) and vaccinated at 8 and 24 weeks (V4) with a completely randomized experimental design. The parameters weight, feed intake, feed conversion and carcass yield were evaluated and, on the eve of slaughter, samples of 4mL of blood were collected to measure the serum concentration of LH and testosterone. In the slaughterhouse were evaluated weight and dimensions of the testicles. After cooling of the carcasses, samples of the Longissimus thoracis muscle were collected for meat quality analyzes, including sensory analysis, and perianal fat to measure the concentration of escatol and androstenone. Under the study conditions, no differences were detected between castrated and immunocastrated pigs nor between the immunocastration protocols for the productive parameters. There was also no difference between treatments for sexual odor and final meat quality. Thus, immunocastration protocols determined results like castration in performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality. This is the first ever study to ev... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
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Dickman, Brian D. "Chemical and hydromechanical cue structure in the context of turbulent odor plume tracking." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/26501.
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Thesis (Ph.D)--Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.Committee Member: Roberts, Philip; Committee Member: Sturm, Terry; Committee Member: weissburg, marc; Committee Member: yoda, minami. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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Sachse, Silke. "Odor processing in the honeybee antennal lobe." [S.l. : s.n.], 2002. http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/2002/196/index.html.
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Whelton, Andrew James. "Temperature Effects on Drinking Water Odor Perception." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36221.
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Thirteen volunteer panelists were trained according to Standard Method 2170, flavor profile analysis (FPA). Following training these panelists underwent triangle test screening to determine whether or not they could detect the odorants used in this study. Following triangle testing, panelists underwent directional difference testing to determine if temperature affected odor perception when presented with two water samples. Following directional difference testing, panelists used FPA and evaluated water samples that contained odorants at either 25°C or 45°C. Samples containing geosmin cooled to 5°C were also evaluated.
Sensory analyses experiments indicate that odor intensity is a function of both aqueous concentration and water temperature for geosmin, MIB, nonadienal, n-hexanal, free chlorine, and 1-butanol. The higher water temperature resulted in an increase in odor intensity for some, but not all, concentrations of geosmin, 2-methylisoborneol, trans-2, cis-6-nonadienal, n-hexanal, free chlorine, and 1-butanol. Additionally, above 400 ng/L of geosmin, 400 ng/L of MIB, and 100 ng/L the odor intensity was equal to or less than the odor intensity at 600, 600, and 200 ng/L, respectively. Henry's Law should predict that an increase in concentration would increase the amount of odorant the panelist comes into contact with; however, results demonstrated that at specific aqueous odorant concentrations odor perception did not follow Henry's Law. Odor response to drinking water containing isobutanal was affected by concentration but not water temperature.
Master of Science
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Salout, Anuch. "The Psychophysiological Effects of Touch and Odor." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/368883.
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In everyday life, the emotional perception often occurred in different modalities at once but knowledge about multisensory perception on emotion was minimal. To understand emotional integration, odors and touch were used in two experiments. The first experiment was conducted to distinguish the emotional effects of different odors and to examine the effect of gender difference with respect to emotional perception. The aim of the second experiment was to determine the emotional integration of bimodal stimuli. The self-report and psychophysiological responses from forty-five participants were computed. Data were analyzed by two-way mixed ANOVA and two-way repeated measures ANOVA, statistical significance at the .05 level. The findings highlight that there was no crossed interaction between olfactory and tactile modalities in the aspect of emotion. The bimodal stimuli did not enhance the emotional perception of unimodal stimuli. Civet oil markedly elicited an unpleasantness. Michelia oil elicited objective arousal, meanwhile, Lavender oil elicited a pleasant feeling. In addition, 3 cm/s stroking touch elicited subjective pleasantness with moderate arousal, and 30 cm/s stroking touch elicited high arousal without the feeling of pleasantness. Moreover, men are more sensitive to some type of odor than women especially unpleasant odors and arousing odors. This was the first work that studied the bimodal emotional perception between olfactory and tactile modalities and was a first study that revealed the peripheral psychophysiological effect of CT afferents. A further study should investigate an impact of gender and culture to emotional integration and a consistency of finding.
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Salout, Anuch. "The Psychophysiological Effects of Touch and Odor." Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2016. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/1868/1/THE_PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL_EFFECTS_OF_TOUCH_AND_ODOR.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
In everyday life, the emotional perception often occurred in different modalities at once but knowledge about multisensory perception on emotion was minimal. To understand emotional integration, odors and touch were used in two experiments. The first experiment was conducted to distinguish the emotional effects of different odors and to examine the effect of gender difference with respect to emotional perception. The aim of the second experiment was to determine the emotional integration of bimodal stimuli. The self-report and psychophysiological responses from forty-five participants were computed. Data were analyzed by two-way mixed ANOVA and two-way repeated measures ANOVA, statistical significance at the .05 level. The findings highlight that there was no crossed interaction between olfactory and tactile modalities in the aspect of emotion. The bimodal stimuli did not enhance the emotional perception of unimodal stimuli. Civet oil markedly elicited an unpleasantness. Michelia oil elicited objective arousal, meanwhile, Lavender oil elicited a pleasant feeling. In addition, 3 cm/s stroking touch elicited subjective pleasantness with moderate arousal, and 30 cm/s stroking touch elicited high arousal without the feeling of pleasantness. Moreover, men are more sensitive to some type of odor than women especially unpleasant odors and arousing odors. This was the first work that studied the bimodal emotional perception between olfactory and tactile modalities and was a first study that revealed the peripheral psychophysiological effect of CT afferents. A further study should investigate an impact of gender and culture to emotional integration and a consistency of finding.
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Macedo, Stephanie Arezes. "The effects of emotional visual context on the encoding and retrieval of body odor information." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/23647.
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Mestrado em Psicologia da Saúde e Reabilitação NeuropsicológicaSabe-se que as condições de codificação e recuperação influenciam a informação sensorial armazenada e a sua recapitulação. No entanto, pouco se sabe acerca de tais processos ao nível do olfato. No presente estudo, focamonos na singularidade dos odores corporais, os quais, à semelhança das impressões digitais, permitem a identificação de uma pessoa específica, ao associar a sua apresentação a contextos emocionais negativos ou neutros. Um total de 125 participantes (68F) foram expostos a um odor corporal (BO) de um indivíduo masculino enquanto viam um vídeo de crime ou neutro (fase de codificação), sendo-lhes posteriormente pedido que reconhecessem o BO alvo numa condição visual congruente ou incongruente (fase de recuperação). Os resultados indicam que os vídeos de crime foram avaliados como mais vividos, desagradáveis e ativadores quando comparados com os vídeos neutros, tanto na codificação como na recuperação. Para além disto, em termos de avaliação subjetiva dos BOs, a intensidade e a ativação dos odores permitem a distinção entre o alvo e os distratores quando era apresentada informação criminal congruente na codificação e recuperação. Por fim, os resultados em termos de acertos não foram significativamente diferentes da probabilidade de acertar ao acaso. Estes resultados poderão clarificar como é que as memórias olfativas são processadas em situações emocionais.
Encoding and retrieval conditions are known to influence the sensory material stored and its recapitulation. However, little is known about such processes in olfaction. Here, we capitalized on the uniqueness of body odors which, similarly to fingerprints allow for the identification of a specific person, by associating their presentation to a negative or a neutral emotional context. A total of 125 receivers (68F) were exposed to a male body odor (BO) while watching either criminal or neutral videos (encoding phase) and were subsequently asked to recognize the target BO within either a congruent or an incongruent visual context (retrieval phase). The results showed that criminal videos were rated as more vivid, unpleasant and arousing than neutral videos both at encoding and retrieval. Moreover, in terms of BO ratings, we found that odor intensity and arousal allow to distinguish the target from the foils when congruent criminal information is presented at encoding and retrieval. Finally, the accuracy performance was not significantly different from chance level for either condition. These findings elucidate how olfactory memories are processed in emotional situations.
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Takwi, Colette Nchong. "An assessment of the management of odour at the Athlone wastewater treatment works, Cape Town." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2788.
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Thesis (MTech (Environmental Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017.¹Odour nuisance is increasingly becoming one of the major environmental problems in various countries across the world, especially odour associated with wastewater (Alfonsin et al., 2015; Schlegelmilch et al., 2005; Gostelow et al., 2001). As a result, the management of odour from Wastewater Treatment Works (WWTW) has become one of the environmental challenges besetting these facilities in recent times. The dispersion of odour across the physical boundary of wastewater treatment facilities presents not only negative environmental impacts to the natural environment, but also constitute a nuisance to surrounding populations. The Athlone (WWTW) located in the urban City of Cape Town with high demographics and adjacent to sensitive communities is thus not immune to poor air quality associated with WWTW activities (Walton, 2005). The population growth due to rural-urban migration has further put severe pressure on the facility and thus worsening the odour problem in the area. As a result, complaints have been received by the City Council from the surrounding communities over the last 20 years. In response to these complaints, the management of the WWTW introduced an odour management system with a particular focus on the use of a biotrickling filter coupled with the use of odour masking sprays. This management intervention was adopted in order to control the odour emitted to the atmosphere from the facility (WWTW). While these measures are said to reduce the prevalence of odour to the surrounding environment, it was, however, not clear whether or not such management interventions have reduced odour emitted from the treatment plant. This research was premised on two postulations as an approach to analyse the effect of the odour management plan adopted by the Athlone WWTW’s management and these are: 1) the perceived experience of odour by the adjacent neighbouring communities and, 2) the understanding of the inherent atmospheric dynamics (such as wind velocity, atmospheric stability, inversion layer and ventilation) which influence odour dispersal in the area. The research project argues that these two factors should be taken into account to ensure that the management of odour is sustainable. It is within this background that the research aimed at assessing the management of odour at the Athlone WWTW and to find out, if at all, the inherent local atmospheric conditions in the area and views of the surrounding communities are incorporated into the management of odour from the plant. The methodological design adopted in the study was case study approach. However, the atmospheric data (wind speed and direction) was obtained from the South African Weather Service (SAWS). These variables were analysed qualitatively and experimentally by the use of wind diagrams to provide insight on 2atmospheric stability conditions, surface inversion and topographical properties, and how these phenomenon influences odour dispersion. The study also reviewed previous odour management reports produced by the Althone WWTW management. This type of data was finally supported by data collected from the community by means of a community survey, face-to-face in-depth interviews and qualitative observation. Some major findings from the study revealed that the local weather of Athlone influences the dispersion of odour – facilitating dispersion in the summer through high wind velocities, while impeding dispersion during winter due to the presence of atmospheric stability conditions. Prevailing odours in this community has led to a general feeling of displeasure amongst community members especially since the management of the treatment plan does not include the local community in the decision-making process. In spite of these, the facility’s management approach was found to be more of a response driven nature even though it is ranked as a high-risk facility.
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Lindqvist, Anna. "Perfumes between Venus and Mars : How gender categorization of perfumes is (not) related to odor perception and odor preference." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Psykologiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-88139.
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How we smell is important to a lot of people, as indicated by the high spending on perfumes. Most perfumes are categorized as feminine or masculine, and this gender categorization is an important factor when people purchase perfumes. This thesis explores odor perception and perfume preference when the person sniffing the perfume does not know the commercial gender categorization. Three psychophysical experiments were conducted, in which the participants scaled the femininity and masculinity of the perfumes, indicated preferences, and gender categorized the perfumes. The perfumes were presented both in glass bottles and when applied on human skin. Results of three experiments indicate that female and male participants (20–30 years old) preferred the same perfumes, both for themselves and for their potential partners. The preferred perfumes tended to be “unisex,” that is, perceived as neither strongly feminine nor strongly masculine. The participants did not succeed well in identifying the commercial gender categorizations of the perfumes, and they did not succeed in guessing the gender of the human when the perfumes were applied on human skin. The commercial gender associations of the perfumes only corresponded to how they were perceived in the case of extremely feminine or extremely masculine perfumes. I conclude that the gender categorizations of most perfumes are not related to how they are actually perceived.At the time of the doctoral defence the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Manuscript.
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Phattarapattamawong, Songkeart. "CONTROL OF CHLORINOUS ODOR IN DRINKING WATER BY OXIDATION PROCESSES AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CHLORINOUS ODOR PRECURSORS BY FRACTIONATION TECHNIQUE." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/126799.
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Lin, Xing Jun 1960. "Simulation of odour dispersion around natural windbreaks." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=102997.
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The research objective was to calibrate a model to simulate odour dispersion downwind from natural windbreaks and then, use this model to observe the effect of windbreak characteristics and climatic conditions on the size of the odour dispersion plume. Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) models were used for the simulations because of their capability in reproducing turbulent wind conditions. The model was initially calibrated to ensure the proper velocity recovery ratio (VRR), and then to reproduce odour plumes measured in the field by three groups of four panellists.The visual and statistical analysis of the field panellist observations indicated that a windbreak with an optical porosity of 0.35 could reduce by 21% the length of the odour dispersion plume, as compared to a site without a windbreak. Also, these analyses indicated that the site with a windbreak offering an optical porosity of 0.55 had no significant impact on the length of the odour plume, as compared to the site without a windbreak.
The models selected for the simulations were the Fluent 6.2 standard k-epsilon and SST k-o models. Their odour dispersion calibration indicated that both models can accurately reproduce the field measured odour hedonic tone and odour concentration by transforming the odour mass fraction computed by the models into the hedonic tone with a power function, and then into the odour concentration with an exponential function. The correlations between the simulated and measured absolute HT and between the simulated and measured odour concentrations were statistically significant (P < 0.01). However, the SST k-o was preferred over the standard k-epsilon because it could physically better reproduce the high turbulence conditions created by the windbreak.
The SST k-o model simulations indicated that odour plume length was mostly affected by windbreak porosity and height, as well as distance from the source. In terms of climatic conditions, odour plume size was mostly affected for atmospheric stability conditions which generally established ambient wind speed and rate of change of temperature. Wind direction has an impact on the length of the odour plume and the formation of a fin intensifying odour concentration near the windbreak, where an angle of 45º produces the shortest odour plume and the largest fin.
Key words: Simulation; odour; dispersion; natural Windbreak; CFD.
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WOLF, MARY CAROLINE. "NEURAL AND BEHAVIORAL RESPONSES TO COMPLEX ODOR STIMULI USING CRAYFISH AS A MODEL SYSTEM." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1130864221.
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Петрищева, М. "Использование влияния запаха на психику человека в продвижении и рекламе товаров и услуг." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2008. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/18048.
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Oliveira, Patrícia Alves. "A influência de odores corporais na resposta sexual em humanos." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/9827.
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Mestrado em Psicologia Clínica e da SaúdeO odor corporal é crucial para o comportamento sexual dos mamíferos e parece contribuir para seleção de um parceiro. Resultados de estudos sugerem que os homens avaliam a informação visual e olfatória como sendo igualmente importante na seleção de um parceiro íntimo, enquanto que as mulheres consideram a informação olfatória como sendo a variável mais importante nesta seleção. Apesar de terem sido investigados os efeitos de fragâncias numa indução de resposta sexual nas mulheres, nenhum estudo foi conduzido com odores corporais abrangendo ambos os sexos. O presente estudo tem como objetivo estabelecer um paradigma experimental onde podem ser especificados os mecanismos pelos quais os odores corporais influenciam a resposta sexual. Para este propósito, investigou-se se os odores corporais influenciam a resposta sexual humana e se esta é dependente do sexo dos participantes. Para testar este efeito, participantes de ambos os sexos visualizaram um filme de cariz sexualmente explícito enquanto expostos a um odor corporal previamente recolhido de uma pessoa do sexo oposto ou expostos a um odor neutro. A resposta sexual subjetiva aquando a exposição ao filme de cariz sexualmente explícito foi avaliada e relacionada com a condição de odor (odor do sexo oposto ou odor neutro). Em suma, o odor corporal influencia a reposta sexual a filmes eróticos. Este efeito parece ser conduzido pela resposta sexual das mulheres e pode ser explicado pelo fato de que, em média, as mulheres percecionam o estímulo de odor corporal como um estímulo desagradável. Os homens não percecionaram os estímulos de odor neutro e odor corporal como diferentes em termos de intensidade e agradabilidade. Estas observações podem explicar o fato da resposta sexual dos homens não diferir entre as condições de odor corporal e odor neutro. Sendo este um paradigma para examinar o efeito de odores corporais na resposta sexual, estudos futuros poderão examinar os efeitos não apenas do sexo dos participantes, mas também a origem do odor corporal (homem/mulher), expetativas (“homem”/”mulher”), e preferências sexuais.
Body odor is crucial to mammalian sexual behavior and seems to be used as an aid in mate selection. Findings suggest that males rate visual and olfactory information as being equally important for selecting a lover, while females consider olfactory information to be the single most important variable in mate choice. Although the effects of fragrance on an induced sexual response in females have been investigated no such study has been performed with body odors and with both females and males. The current study’s overall aim is to establish an experimental paradigm in which the mechanisms by which body odor can affect the sexual response can be specified. To this end, we investigated if body odors influence the sexual response in humans and whether it is dependent on the sex of the participant. To test this effect, male and female participants watched a sexually explicit move clip while being exposed to a body odor previously collected from a person of the opposite sex or no odor (blank). The subjective sexual response during the exposure to the sexually explicit movie was assessed and related to the odor condition (opposite sex body odor or blank). Overall, body odor affects the sexual response to erotic film clips. This effect seems to be driven by women’s sexual response and may be explained by that women on average perceived the body odor stimulus as somewhat unpleasant. Men did not perceive the blank and the body odor stimulus as different in intensity and pleasantness. These observations may explain why men’s sexual response did not differ between the body odor and the blank condition. With this as an experimental paradigm for examining the effect of body odor on the sexual response, future studies can examine the effects not only of the gender of the participants but also the origin of the body odor (male/female), cover story (“male”/”female”), and sexual preference.
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Rocha, Marta Fernanda Coelho. "Efeito do tipo de aprendizagem no testemunho olfativo." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/10004.
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Mestrado em Psicologia ForenseOs seres humanos, tal como os animais, têm a capacidade de extrair sinais de outros indivíduos através do olfato (e.g., sexo, idade, estado emocional). São capazes de discriminar o seu próprio odor, o odor dos seus familiares, e odores de estranhos, sendo que o processamento de odores de estranhos é semelhante ao que foi demonstrado para estímulos ecologicamente relevantes, tais como imagens visuais de cobras e outros estímulos de medo. Os odores tendem a ficar condicionados a estados emocionais. Assim, um odor é considerado agradável ou desagradável dependendo do contexto no qual se deu o primeiro contato com o mesmo. Apesar das capacidades olfativas dos seres humanos, só o estudo de Alho (2011) teve como objetivo investigar se este sentido sensorial poderá ajudar na investigação criminal. Os resultados demonstraram que o grupo exposto a uma situação emocionalmente saliente (i.e., visualização de um filme de crime) enquanto cheirava o odor alvo, teve um melhor desempenho no reconhecimento do mesmo, do que o grupo que visualizou um filme de uma situação do quotidiano (emocionalmente neutra). Os resultados apontaram assim, para as potenciais implicações dos odores corporais no âmbito forense ao nível da redução da probabilidade de erro no reconhecimento de pessoas inocentes, como complemento de alinhamentos visuais na investigação criminal. O presente estudo pretende complementar o estudo realizado por Alho (2011) e tem como objetivo investigar se o tipo de aprendizagem (acidental vs intencional) influencia a taxa de reconhecimento de estímulos olfativos. Foram apresentados filmes de crime a ambos os grupos, ao mesmo tempo que os participantes cheiravam um odor corporal que instruímos ser do perpetrador. Na condição de aprendizagem acidental instruímos os participantes a focar a atenção na face do perpetrador. Já na condição de aprendizagem intencional, informámos os participantes que mais tarde teriam que realizar uma tarefa de reconhecimento do odor alvo. Na tarefa de reconhecimento os participantes teriam de reconhecer em alinhamento o odor a que estiveram expostos durante a visualização do filme. Os principais resultados revelaram que o grupo na condição de aprendizagem intencional obteve uma taxa de reconhecimento de 50% e o grupo da condição aprendizagem acidental de 45%, não sendo esta diferença estatisticamente significativa. Verificamos assim, que o tipo de aprendizagem não influencia o desempenho no reconhecimento, o que pode indicar uma mais-valia na investigação. O objetivo das experiências realizadas em laboratório é fornecer resultados idênticos ao que seria de esperar em contexto real, e geralmente experiências em laboratório utilizam um processo de aprendizagem intencional, o que pode levar a falsos positivos. O facto de os odores não serem tão sensíveis a este tipo de variável salienta a importância que os odores podem ter na investigação criminal, especialmente em situações onde a sobrevivência está em risco, como é o caso de vítimas ou testemunhas de crimes.
Humans, such as animals, have the ability to extract signals from other individuals through the nose (e.g., sex, age, emotional state). They are able to distinguish their own odor, the odor of their relatives, and odors of strangers. The processing of body odors from strangers receive greater attention resources, similar to what has been demonstrated for ecologically relevant stimuli, such as visual images of snakes and other fear stimuli. Odors tend to get conditioned to emotional states. Thus, an odor is considered pleasant or unpleasant depending on the context in which the individual made the first contact with the odor. Despite de olfactory abilities of humans, only the study of Alho (2011) aimed to investigate whether this sensory modality can aid criminal investigations, especially in complementing eyewitness identification. The results showed that the group exposed to an emotionally salient scenario (i.e., watching a crime movie) while smelling an odor which the participant is instructed that belongs to the prepretror, resulted in a better performance recognition of the such body odor in a line-up, than the group of participants who viewed an emotionally neutra movie. The results showed that the body odors may act as a complement to criminal investigation and, therefore, reduce the probability of error in the recognition of innocent people.The present study aims to complement the study made by Alho (2011) and investigate if the type of learning (intentional vs. incidental) influences the recognition rate of body odors previosly smelled during a crime film. Crime films were presented to both groups(intencional vs incidental learning). In the incidental learning condition, we instructed participants to focus their attention on the face of the perpetrator,whereas in the intentional learning condition participants were informed that they would later perform a recognition task. In the recognition task, participants would have to recognize the odor in alignment to which they were exposed to during the movie. The main results indicated that the intentional learning condition resulted in a recognition rate of 50%, while the incidental learning condition resulted in recognition rate of 45%. This difference was not statistically significant, which suggests that the type of learning does not influence the performance in recognition and, therefore, may indicate an advantage in the investigation. The purpose of the present experiment, conducted in the laboratory, was to provide identical results to what would be expected in a real context, specifically because most laboratory experiments in eyewitness involve a process of intentional learning, which can lead to false positives. The fact that odors are not as sensitive to this type of variable, underlines the importance that odors can play in criminal investigations, especially in situations where survival is at risk, as is the case of victims or crime witnesses.
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Costa, Liliana Isabel Perdigão. "Testemunho olfativo: efeitos do tamanho do alinhamento." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/10006.
Full textAbstract:
Mestrado em Psicologia ForenseAo contrário dos outros sentidos, o olfato é um sentido que raramente é foco da nossa atenção. Contudo, inalamos constantemente e os cheiros podem influenciar o nosso humor, condicionar o temopo que passamos num local e influir na perceção que temos das outras pessoas. Apesar de muitas vezes menosprezado pelo ser humano, o olfato está presente na vida quotidiana, despoletando intensas memórias e reações emocionais. Uma vez que o ser humano tem a capacidade de identificar e discrimar odores e que cada pessoa possui características odoríferas singulares, pretendemos averiguar se é possível num alinhamento de odores, reconhecer um odor corporal previamente associado a uma situação de crime. Para além disso, pretendemos averiguar se esse reconhecimento é influenciado pelo número de itens (i.e., odores) presentes no alinhamento (três, cinco, oito odores). Os principais resultados demonstraram um aumento estatisticamente significativo de reconhecimento no alinhamento de três odores (96%) em comparação com os alinhamentos de cinco (56%) e de oito odores (46%), o que indica que um número mínimo de odores apresentado confere maior probabilidade de acerto. OS resultados do presente estudo pretendem colmatar uma lacuna na investigação, mostrando que o testemunho olfativo poderá representar um complemento importante na investigação criminal e revelando, simultaneamente, uma das condições que poderá potenciar o seu uso neste âmbito.
Unlike the other senses, smell is a sense that is rarely the focus of our attention. However, we constantly inhale smells that can influence our mood, the time we spent in a place, or even the perception we have of others. Although often overlooked by hamans, olfaction is present in everyday life, triggering memories and intense emotional reactions. Since human beings have the ability to identify and descriminate odors and that each person has a unique body odor, we intend to investigate whether it is possible to recognize a body odor in a lineup, wich has been previously associated with a crime situation. In addition, we intend to ascertain whether this recognition is influenced by the number of items (i.e., body odors) presented in the lineup (three, five, or eight body odors). The main results showed a statistically significant increase in the recognition of body odors in the lineup of three (96%), compared with the alignaments of five (56%) and eight (46%) body odors, which indicates that a less number of odors presented enhances the probability of a successful recognition. The results of the present study intend to fill a gap in the research while showing that olfactory testimony may represent an important aid to the criminal investigation and, at the same time, showing one condition in wich its potential can be heightened.
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Pinto, Elisa Daniela Pacheco. "Efeito do intervalo de retenção no testemunho olfativo." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/10033.
Full textAbstract:
Mestrado em Psicologia ForenseÉ a partir dos diferentes sentidos que mantemos contacto com o que nos rodeia, recebendo uma multiplicidade de estímulos constantemente. O olfato em particular, ainda que subvalorizado, tem um papel importante aos mais diversos níveis, desde a perfumaria, marketing, área da alimentação, entre outros. Em contexto forense, mais especificamente na identificação de suspeitos, este sentido não é ainda utilizado por humanos, sendo a sua utilização exclusivamente da responsabilidade de cães. A intrínseca relação entre o processamento olfativo e as emoções, confere uma particular resistência à memória de odores relativamente à passagem do tempo. Assim, aliada à necessidade de um maior investimento do uso de odores corporais na identificação de suspeitos em investigação criminal, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o impacto do intervalo de retenção (IR) – tempo decorrido entre a exposição a um estímulo até à altura do seu reconhecimento/identificação – na memória de odores em contexto forense. Aos participantes, que foram divididos em duas condições, uma com um IR curto, de 15 minutos – IRC – e outra com um IR longo (IRL) - de uma semana –, foi apresentado um de dois filmes de crime, em simultâneo com a exposição a um odor, tendo os participantes sido informados tratar-se do odor corporal do perpetrador da cena de crime apresentada. Posteriormente, foi-lhes pedido que identificassem, a partir de um alinhamento de 5 odores, o odor a que tinha sido previamente expostos. Dada a resistência da memória de odores apontada pela literatura, era de esperar que com o aumento do IR o desempenho dos participantes não fosse deteriorado. Contudo, os resultados principais não confirmaram a hipótese proposta, uma vez que para a condição IRL o número de acertos foi significativamente menor (25%) que para a condição IRC (55%). Apesar dos nossos resultados parecerem contrariar a literatura existente no âmbito da memória de odores, estes são consistentes com a literatura referente ao testemunho ocular. Fica assim em aberto a necessidade de novas investigações que avaliem a utilidade do testemunho olfativo, sobretudo enquanto complemento ao testemunho ocular.
Through the use of the different senses it is possible to keep contact with the environment around us, thus experiencing a multiplicity of stimuli. Despite of commonly being overestimated, the smell, in particular, plays an important role at several levels, i.e., perfumery, restoration, marketing, etc. In the forensic context has been used mostly on the identification of suspects. However, humans have not been an active intervenient on this task, leaving this mainly, to specialized dogs. The intrinsic relation between the olfactory processing and emotions confers a particular resistance to the odors memory with respect to time. Thus, coupled with the need for greater investment in the use of body odors at identifying suspects in criminal investigation, became this study main aim to evaluate the impact of retention interval (RI) – time interval within the exposition to the stimulus and the identification of the same – in the odors memory, forensic speaking. The participants were subdivided into two groups under different retention interval conditions and exposed to two crime movies; one group was assigned with a short retention interval (IRC) of 15 minutes, while the other was assigned with a longest retention interval (IRL) of one week. Simultaneously, they were exposed to an odor, previously informed that belonged to the perpetrator of the crime of the selected movie. Posteriorly, was asked if, within a five odors, they could identify the odor initially exhibited. Due to the odors memory resistance as it is described by the literature it was expected that with the increase of RI, the participants’ performance would not deteriorate itself. However, the obtained results did not confirm the previously hypothesis, once the number of hits of the participants of IRL condition was significantly less (25%) than the participants who were under the IRC condition (55%). Despite the results seems to contradict the existing literature within the odors memory they are consistent with the literature on eyewitness testimony. Thus, demands the urgency of further research to assess the usefulness of olfactory testimony as a complement to the eyewitness testimony. The integration of different sensory modalities in recognizing potential suspects could pose greater reliability to the testimony.
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Shukla, Shuchi S. "Evaluation of Odor-Reducing Commercial Products for Animal Waste." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36627.
Full textAbstract:
Six odor-reducing commercial products were tested for their efficacy in reducing odors from dairy and swine wastes. A sensory panel method was utilized for odor evaluations, in which the panel played an important part. Comparisons between products were made for agitated and unagitated conditions and effect of storage time (three weeks in which experiments were performed). Cotton pieces tied to the mouth of the sample jars were useful in absorbing the odors. Odor-treated jars were observed and evaluated by panel members. The odors were rated on a discrete scale of 0-5, with '0' being no odor and '5' the highest odor level of dairy or swine waste.
The products were analyzed for their effectiveness on dairy and swine wastes separately. The "General Linear Model" was used for data analyses, and all the products were compared for their effectiveness under each waste storage condition and elapsed storage time.
Each product was able to reduce odors. For both dairy and swine wastes, one product stood out and was very effective, whereas another product was less successful. Unagitated storage conditions of swine waste favored the product performance. Unagitated storage conditions were also found to be better for most of the products; only two products were slightly better in effectiveness under agitated storage conditions. The effect of storage time on product-effectiveness for each product for both dairy and swine waste varied. Odor levels from unagitated swine waste was very low in the beginning, but became worse with increasing storage time. Dairy waste in unagitated conditions had slightly higher levels of odors in the beginning, but became a little less with increasing storage time.
Under the conditions of this study, it can be recommended that: 1) P2 has a better chance in reducing odors, 2) in general, unagitated conditions favor the reduction in odor levels, and 3) dairy waste should be treated in the first few days following collection, whereas swine waste should be treated when it is old. Testing of these products in actual field conditions would provide stronger support for these findings.Master of Science
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Bailie, Jason M. "The Influence of Odorant Intensity on Odor Identification in Older Adults." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1250010194.
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Patton, Kathleen A. "Storage stability of freeze dried raspberry and blackberry juices." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=65392.
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Blåvarg, Christina. "The alluring nature of episodic odor memory : Sensory and cognitive correlates across age and sex." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för psykologi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-265010.
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Episodic memory for olfactory information is still relatively uncharted. The overall purpose of this thesis is to investigate the sensory and cognitive causes of the well-established age-related decline in olfactory episodic odor memory and of the age-independent sex difference in olfactory episodic memory. The purpose of Study I was to investigate the causes of the sex difference in olfactory episodic memory. The results show that the female advantage in episodic recognition memory seems to be explained by women´s higher aptitude in odor identification for familiar odors. With this background, the purpose of Study II was to investigate the age-related decline in olfactory episodic memory, with a particular eye to the role of odor identification. When controlling for the sensory variables olfactory threshold and odor quality discrimination, and the cognitive factor mental speed, the age-related deterioration in odor identification was eliminated. This suggests that changes in basic sensory and cognitive abilities underlie the age-related impairment in odor identification. The purpose of Study III was to investigate the role of recollective experience and intention to memorize for age-related and sex-related differences in episodic odor memory. Younger adults reported more experiences of remembering, and the elderly adults more experiences of feeling of knowing. The participants benefited from intentionality at encoding when the odors were unfamiliar, but intentionality did not affect memory for the familiar odors. The purpose of Study IV was to investigate the role of subjectively perceived qualities of the encoded odors for episodic memory across age and sex. Odors perceived as unpleasant, intense, and irritable were more easily remembered throughout the adult life span. The oldest adults selectively recognized the odors they rated as highly irritable indicating compensatory use of trigeminal activation. Overall, the result suggests that episodic odor memory rely heavily on both sensory and cognitive abilities, but in a different manner depending on demographic factors. The age-related decline appears to be driven by a sensory flattening disabling adequate cognitive processing. The age-independent sex difference on the other hand, is mainly cognitively mediated and driven by cognitive factors such as the ability to verbalize olfactory information.
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Orr, Margaret Prehn. "Reduction of odors associated with chlorine dioxide applications to drinking water." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41596.
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Chlorine dioxide has been used in drinking water treatment for the reduction of trihalomethanes and tastes-and-odors. Recently, chlorine dioxide was implicated as the source of offensive "cat-urine-like" and "kerosene-like" odors in drinking water. The purpose of this project was to determine the cause of odors observed in customers homes at times when chlorine dioxide was being applied to drinking water. Data were obtained through a survey and field sampling at utilities experiencing odor events. Once the cause was determined, potential water-treatment procedures were evaluated in laboratory-scale studies.
Results from a survey sent to water utilities throughout the United States showed that customers who recently had installed new carpeting complained of odors more than those who had not. The use of chlorine dioxide caused responses to intensity of certain tastes-and-odors to increase, two of these odors were cat urine and kerosene.
Field sampling at two water companies during odor events resulted in the discovery of low-levels of residual chlorine dioxide (0.2-0.7 mg/L) at the tap's of customers. Both the cat-urine- and kerosene-like odors were detected by the research team. To verify a proposed mechanism of odor generation, chlorine dioxide was volatilized in a room with new carpeting. Both odors were produced in amounts great enough to be easily detected by the entire panel.
The removal of residual chlorite from drinking water would block a mechanism by which chlorine dioxide may be reformed from reactions between residual chlorite and free chlorine added for distribution system residual maintenance. Chlorite was removed by powdered activated carbon (PAC) enmeshed in alum floc in laboratory-constituted water and Po River water. A high level of PAC (50 mg/L) was required to effect good removal. A simulated floc-blanket clarifier effectively removed high levels of chlorite (>5 mg/L) from drinking water for long periods (12 hours) when PAC in high concentration was enmeshed in the floc.
Chlorine dioxide reformed in the distribution system of two water companies. When customers opened water faucets, chlorine dioxide volatilized into the room and reacted with organic compounds present in the household air (e.g. from new carpeting) producing the offensive cat-urine-like and kerosene-like odors. The reformation of chlorine dioxide could be effectively eliminated if residual chlorite could be removed by contact with high levels of PAC enmeshed in an alum floc such as one could produce in a floc-blanket clarifier.Master of Science
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Jönsson, Fredrik. "Olfactory Metacognition : A Metamemory Perspective on Odor Naming." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Psychology, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-5821.
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Although many aspects of odor naming have received attention during the years, the participants' own cognitions (metamemory) about their naming attempts have not. (i) We showed that feeling of knowing (FOK) judgments accompanying odor naming failures are predictive of later recognition (Study I) or retrieval (Study III) of the missing name, but to a lesser degree than equivalent judgments about names of persons. “Tip of the nose” (TON) experiences do predict later odor name recall (Study I), but are otherwise poorly related to any partial activation of other information associated with the odor. (ii) We evaluated two theories proposed to explain the underlying basis of FOK judgments. Correlational analysis showed that FOK judgments about odor names are related to the perceived familiarity of the cue triggering the FOK (cue familiarity theory; Study III). FOK judgments are based on the amount of available information about the sought-for memory (accessibility theory; Study I and III). (iii) We demonstrated that the participants are overconfident in their odor naming attempts (Study I and II). This may to some degree be due to the arousing properties of the odors (Study II), suggesting that emotional variables should be taken into account when researching metamemory. (iv) Our inability to correctly name odors are typically not due to an uniquely poor association between odors and their proper names, but rather due to failures to identify the odors (Study III), that is, failures to retrieve “what it is”. It was also found that TOT experiences are unusual for odor names and more so than for person names. (v) We discuss potential differences between olfactory metamemory and metamemory for other modalities. The TON experience differs from the tip of the tongue (TOT) experience and the predictive validity is lower for metamemory judgments about odor names compared to other modalities.
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Djordjevic, Jelena. "Behavioral and functional neuroimaging investigations of odor imagery." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84233.
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The aim of this doctoral dissertation was to examine effects of olfactory imagery on other sensory and perceptual processes, and to explore brain areas involved in generation of olfactory mental images. Four studies, three behavioral and one functional neuroimaging (Positron Emission Tomography, or PET), were conducted, and healthy volunteers participated in all four studies. In Study 1, participants were better at detecting weak odors when they simultaneously imagined the same compared with a different odor as the one being detected. This effect of olfactory imagery was specific, as the request to imagine objects visually did not have any effect on detection of weak odors. In Studies 2 and 3, effects of presented and imagined odors on taste perception were compared. Effects of imagined odors were equivalent to the effects of presented odors when an objective measure of taste perception (detection of a weak tastant, Study 3) was used, and comparable but more limited when a subjective measure of taste perception (intensity ratings, Study 2) was used. In Study 4, PET technology was used to investigate changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF) associated with odor imagery. Participants were screened and selected for their odor imagery ability, using the behavioral paradigm developed in Study 1. Increased CBF associated with odor imagery was revealed in several areas relevant for olfaction: the left primary olfactory cortical region including piriform cortex, the left secondary olfactory cortical region (posterior orbitofrontal cortex), and the rostral insula bilaterally. Interestingly, increased activity in the primary olfactory cortex and the rostral insula was observed both in the odor imagery and the odor perception subtraction. Based on the obtained findings, I concluded that the effects of imagined odors on sensory processes are specific when compared with visual imagery, and similar to the effects of presented odors. Furthermore, the neural
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Craver, Matthew David. "Mobile Robot Homing Control Based on Odor Sensing." Thesis, North Carolina State University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3690207.
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