Academic literature on the topic 'Odesa (Ukraine). Cathedral'

The article presents the results of the author's research on the formation of an emotionally positive context in the buffer zones of cultural heritage objects by means of landscape architecture; considered scientific and theoretical base of world research. Buffer zones (according to I. Korotun) are divided into 3 categories: I direct use of the territory; II multifunctional; III combined. The most difficult is the II category of buffer zones "non-direct multifunctional usage". In Ukraine, 4 out of 8 World Heritage sites have buffer zones of non-direct multifunctional use ("Kyiv: St. Sophia Cathedral and nearby monastery buildings, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra, Church of the Savior on Berestov" (1990); "Ensemble of the historical center of Lviv" (1998); "Residence of the Metropolitans of Bukovina and Dalmatia" (2011) and "Historical Center of Odesa" (2023)). The historical city center belongs to the II category of buffer zones, and it is the core of the urbanized environment, where the administrative, transport or combined functions of the city can be concentrated. Multifunctionality makes the city center the place of the greatest activity of people, which in turn forms a prerequisite for the formation of an emotionally positive context. Landscape organization of buffer zones as places of constant circulation of people is a prerequisite for the creation of high-quality space. So, we determined that the formation of an emotionally positive context in the buffer zones of cultural heritage objects can be carried out through the method of "green corridors," which will be connections between activity points or will be multifunctional zones. The formation of an emotionally positive context is a universal method for the landscape organization of urban space within the buffer zones of cultural heritage objects under various urban conditions.

The article presents the results of the author's research on the formation of an inclusive urban space by means of landscape architecture; the legal framework is considered; the main principle of creating a network of barrier-free pedestrian routes in the space of the middle city is determined (the principle of "frame on the frame"); methods of implementing barrier-free (delimitation of pedestrian-transport traffic; zoning of pedestrian parts of the street with combinations of different types of paving by texture and color and others). Based on the analysis of world theoretical and practical experience, the means of implementing barrier-free (paving, gardening, decorating, etc.) have been determined and a number of examples in European cities have been provided. An algorithm for the formation of inclusive urban space in buffer zones of the second category of indirect multifunctional use of cultural heritage objects located in Ukraine has been proposed. Recommendations on the adaptation of public spaces to form an inclusive urban space within buffer zones have been provided. According to the specifics of the architectural and landscape organization, the most difficult is the category of buffer zones "non-direct multifunctional usage" (according to I. Korotun). As this zone covers historical city centers, historical city areas and other areas occupied by residential and non-residential buildings thus, the priority function in this aspect arises the safety and comfort of people, and the Memorial Protection Object Facility acquires a secondary role. In Ukraine, 4 out of 8 World Heritage sites have buffer zones of non-direct multifunctional use ("Kyiv: St. Sophia Cathedral and nearby monastery buildings, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra, Church of the Savior on Berestov" (1990); "Ensemble of the historical center of Lviv" (1998); "Residence of the Metropolitans of Bukovina and Dalmatia" (2011) and "Historical Center of Odesa" (2023)). An analysis of world experience in the formation of an inclusive urban environment revealed that the main methods of implementing this approach are the creation of a network of barrier-free pedestrian routes in the space of the city center. Within the buffer zones, this can be done through: the delineation of pedestrian-transport traffic; zoning of pedestrian zones with combinations of different types of landscaping, decoration and types of paving by texture and color; selection of paving and equipment colors in accordance with the scale of buffer zone development; arrangement of unhindered ways of pedestrians movement by leveling surface differences taking into account the security requirements of a particular site.

In 1936, in Odessa, the largest temple of the North-Western Black Sea region, the Transfiguration Cathedral on Cathedral Square, was barbarously destroyed. By this time, the Cathedral had undergone the robbery of valuables, legalized by the Soviet state, with the destruction of relics. Since 1991, on an initiative basis, the creative team of architects and students of the Odessa Civil Engineering Institute began to collect initial data and develop a project to recreate this outstanding lost object of the cultural heritage of Ukraine. In 1999, the team of architects of the communal enterprise "Odesproject" won the all-Ukrainian open competition for the best project for the reconstruction of the temple and began to develop scientific and design documentation, according to which in 2000 construction and installation work began on Cathedral Square. Since 2002, scientific and project documentation on the architectural and decorative finishing of the facades and engineering support of the Cathedral, the interiors of the Lower and Upper Churches, the Andreevsky Hall, baptisms for children and adults - was developed by the architectural studio "M-Studio". When carrying out a complex of preparatory work, the development of a draft design, working documentation, interior designs, scientific support and field supervision, the authors used scientific and practical research methods, which helped to substantiate and accept decisions for implementation, which were subsequently detailed in the scientific and design documentation. The article presents the main research methods that were used to recreate the outstanding lost cultural heritage of Ukraine – Transfiguration Cathedral in Odessa, 1991- 2010. The methods used in the reconstruction of the Cathedral are conditionally divided into two groups: the first group concerns the formation of the traditional character of the historical environment of the Cathedral Square and the second - the formation of the image of the restored Cathedral, including its interiors. Presents 21 methods from the first group, these methods were used in the study and formation of the traditional character of the historical environment of the Cathedral Square and the facades of the Cathedral: Building sanitation, Revealing layers, System approach, Compliance with the prototype, Field surveys, Archaeological research, Architectural and geodetic measurements, Analysis and Synthesis, Hypotheses, Architectural Yantra, Paradigms, Photogrammetric Reconstruction, Prototyping, Modeling, Logic, Citizens Informing, Comparison, Brainstorming, Visual Shading, Manufacturability, Collectiveness. The methods used in the reconstruction of the Cathedral contributed to the adoption of the most acceptable scientific and design decisions both in terms of the formation of the traditional character of the historical environment of Odessa Cathedral Square, and in the formation of the image of the Cathedral, including the interiors of its Upper and Lower Temples. The article can be useful for specialists working in the field of reconstruction of outstanding lost objects of cultural heritage.

The article presents the results of a questionnaire survey of the Southern Ukraine (Odessa, Mykolaiv, Kherson) regional centers’ residents — concerning self-esteem of their families welfare standards, their prospects about its improvement, and possible search for a better fate abroad. This research was carried out within the research project “Effective functioning and development of the regional socio-cultural environment in the context of decentralization as a pledge of Ukraine national security” (scientific project manager — Head of Sociology Sociological Cathedra of Petro Mohyla National University Iryna Meizys, timeframes for project implementation — 2017–2019). The survey revealed that a significant proportion of respondents assess their families' economic status and financial capabilities as critical, pointing to the limited ability or inability to sufficiently meet those needs that exceed current running costs. The results of the survey make it possible to evaluate the material status of regional centers residents (in a bigger or lesser extent) in the terminology of the scientific discourse of poverty by means of the categories “subjective poverty”, “relative poverty” and “deprivation” (restriction or complete deprivation). Moreover, for the most part, our respondents do not see any prospects for improving the economic situation in Ukraine in the near future: they don’t have confidence in the future, and therefore have a rather low estimate of the prospects for improving their own economic situation. The poll also showed the widespread emigration of the Southern Ukraine residents: more than half of respondents said that they were thinking about moving to a permanent place of residence in the “Western world”, that is associated in the mass consciousness of modern Ukrainians with wealth, high standards of pay, stability and prospects. In all cities of southern Ukraine, respondents' emigration / intentions still exceed the 50 percent limit. The results of the survey should also be used as indicators of social security for the functioning of the regional society. This is particularly relevant given the geopolitical challenges and threats that Ukraine is currently facing, including the Black Sea region, which is a region of strategic importance for Ukraine.

Problem Statement and Purpose. This work is dedicated to the renowned scientist in the field of physical geography, geobotanist, climatologist, geomorphologist, Professor Sergei Tikhonovich Belozorov (1903–1970). He authored several textbooks and instructional books, as well as numerous articles. One of his teachers was one of the founders of modern geography, Academician G. I. Tanfiliev. A grateful student dedicated several books analyzing his scientific work to his Teacher. Professor Belozorov participated in the World War II and received military awards. From 1963 to 1970, he headed the Department of Physical Geography, where he worked for almost 45 years. The article analyzes the geographical coverage and most important results of the research conducted by the staff of the Department of Physical Geography, Nature Management, and GIS Technologies at Odessa I. I. Mechnikov National University. The aim of the work is to analyze and summarize the results of the department’s research beyond the borders of Ukraine, in other countries worldwide, mainly in Europe, Asia, and America. This allowed obtaining important factual material on the results of research on coastal zones of seas, water erosion processes, Aeolian morpholithogenesis, development of river mouths (mostly deltas), etc. Data & Methods. The materials for this article were published materials of the department’s researchers, personal memories. The results of long-term research on the seashores of thirty seas and three oceans are analyzed. As auxiliary materials for comparisons, materials of some other researchers were used. The analysis and general scientific positions are based on the theory of modern general geography. In the process of working on this article, a general scientific methodology used in similar works was applied. The most important methods included synthesis of diverse information, analysis of works from the coasts of each country, dialectical, historical, logical, comparative-geographical, and informational methods. Results. The results of the research conducted by the department’s staff outside Ukraine can be grouped as follows: a) scientific and scientific-methodical; b) educational; c) production and practical-engineering. The largest volume of materials and obtained results were from research conducted on the coasts of oceans and seas. This allowed gaining an understanding of the diversity of coastal-marine systems. A wide variety of coastal-marine systems at the «ocean-land» interface were studied. This was crucial for the further development of coastal studies theory, scientific principles about abrasive, accumulative, aeolian, anthropogenic processes, and the importance of non-wave factors in coast development in various physiogeographic conditions. It became possible to use new terminology: «wave processing layer», «eolian discharge coefficient», «intermediate accumulation process», etc. The development of theoretical and methodological approaches enabled the compilation of morphology and dynamics maps of several seas’ coasts. Some of the data were used in Oceanographic Atlases published in Ukraine. The experience of coastal protection measures against wave erosion was studied. A portion of the department’s staff work abroad was dedicated to engineering issues. In particular, special research was conducted in western Ethiopia as part of a project to create a reservoir on the Gambela River. Research was conducted on the Sulina Estuary on the Black Sea coast. Significant attention was given to the international experience of geographical education in foreign universities. Educational connections were established with a number of universities. Scientific articles were published. Specialists from Germany, Bulgaria, China, the United States, Australia, and other countries underwent internships. Thanks to participation in international projects, the department was able to initiate and develop a separate direction – geoinformation technologies, their application in education and production affairs. All of this contributed to the positive development of physical geography at a leading university of the classical type, improvement in the training of geographer specialists, and the optimization of natural resource using and territorial organization.

Valentin Feliksovich was born on April 27, 1877 in the eastern part of the Crimea, in one of the oldest cities in the world, at a unique resort located on two seas at once Kerch. His father, Felix Stanislavovich, was a pharmacist and worked as a manager of a private pharmacy of D.I. Kundin, whose daughter, Maria Dmitrievna, was his mother. Valentin Feliksovich was born into a family belonging to an ancient family of impoverished Polish nobles. Of his 14 sisters and brothers, only five survived to adulthood.In 1880, the family of Valentin Feliksovich left Kerch for Kherson, then to Chisinau, in 1889 to Kiev. In 1896, Valentin Feliksovich graduated from the gymnasium and art school of Nikolai Ivanovich Murashko.Then Valentin Feliksovich studied for a year at the Faculty of Law, at the private art school of Knirr in Munich, but in 1898, deciding to become a doctor, he entered the medical faculty of Kiev University.Valentin Feliksovich, having received a doctor's degree, worked at the Red Cross hospital in Kiev, during the Russian-Japanese war he headed the surgical department of the Chita hospital as part of the Red Cross medical detachment, later worked as a surgeon in Ardatov, Simbirsk province, in the village of Verkhny Lyubazh and Fatezh, Kursk region. During this period, he married the daughter of the estate manager, sister of mercy Anna Vasilyevna Lanskaya. In 1909, Valentin Feliksovich entered the Moscow University as an external student to Professor P.I. Dyakonov.In 1915 he published the monograph "Regional Anesthesia" and in 1916 defended it as a dissertation with the award of the degree of Doctor of Medicine. By this time, Valentin Feliksovich had mastered operations on the heart, brain, organs of vision, gastrointestinal tract, including stomach, intestines, bile ducts, kidneys, spine and joints. Until 1917, Valentin Feliksovich worked as a doctor in hospitals in central Russia, later as the chief physician of a hospital in Tashkent, professor at the Central Asian State University. Moving to Tashkent is associated with the progression of his wife's tuberculosis, which required her to stay in a warmer climate, but in 1919, the wife of V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky died, leaving him to take care of four children. In February 1921, he was ordained a deacon, a week later a priest, on May 31, 1923, he was tonsured a monk and consecrated a bishop with the name Luke, and a week later he was arrested.At the beginning of 1926, Valentin Feliksovich returned to Tashkent. But on May 6, 1930, he was detained and transferred to Arkhangelsk. In the autumn of 1933, from exile, Valentin Feliksovich wrote a letter to the People's Commissar of Health about the need to organize an institute of surgical infection in the country and, having received no response, went to Moscow at the first opportunity for a personal meeting, at which he rejected the offer to renounce holy orders and instead accept the post of director of the institute.In the autumn of 1934, Valentin Feliksovich published a widely known monograph, including abroad: "Essays on purulent surgery". For several years, Professor Voino-Yasenetsky headed the main operating room of the Tashkent Institute of Emergency Care, but on July 24, 1937, he was arrested again, for the third time. Since March 1940, he has been working as a surgeon a hundred kilometers from Krasnoyarsk in the Bolshaya Murta of the Yelovskaya volost.After the outbreak of the Great Patriotic War, Valentin Feliksovich sends a telegram to M.I. Kalinin, in which he asks to be sent as a surgeon to the hospital, expressing his readiness to continue exile after the Victory.In September 1941, the chief surgeon of the region took V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky by plane to Krasnoyarsk to work as the chief surgeon of the evacuation hospital No. 1515, which was later recognized as the best of the 17 hospitals of the region.Since October 1941, Valentin Feliksovich has been a consultant to hospitals in the Krasnoyarsk Territory and chief surgeon of the evacuation hospital. In the autumn of 1942, he was elevated to the rank of archbishop and appointed to the Krasnoyarsk department. In 1944, Valentin Feliksovich published his monographs: "On the course of chronic empyema and chondrates", "Late resections of infected gunshot wounds of joints". Since February 1944, Archbishop Luke has been the head of the Tambov Department, and is a consultant surgeon at Tambov hospitals. In February 1945, Valentin Feliksovich was awarded by Patriarch Alexy I the right to wear a diamond cross. He is writing the book "Spirit, Soul and Body". Since May 1946, he has headed the Crimean Department in Simferopol and in the same year was awarded the Stalin Prize for the monograph "Essays on purulent Surgery", 130 out of 150 thousand of which he gives to the needs of wartime orphans.In 1955, Valentin Feliksovich completely went blind, but continuing to work and in 1957 dictated his memoirs. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky died on June 11, 1961 in the rank of Archbishop of Crimea and Simferopol on the Day of All Saints who shone in the Russian land.Valentin Feliksovich is the author of 55 scientific works on medicine, ten volumes of sermons. He was elected an honorary member of the Moscow Theological Academy in Zagorsk. He was awarded the Chojnatski Prize from the University of Warsaw (1916), the Diamond Cross (1944), the medal "For Valiant Labor in the Great Patriotic War" (1945).In 1995, Valentin Feliksovich was canonized as a locally venerated saint in the Crimean diocese, in 2000 he was glorified as a confessor (saint) in the host of New martyrs and confessors of Russia. His relics are installed for worship in the Cathedral of Simferopol.On July 14, 2008, V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky posthumously became an Honorary Citizen of Pereslavl-Zalessky. On June 19, 2020, by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation, the Medal of Luke Krymsky was established, awarded for merits in healthcare.In memory of V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, over 69 churches of St. Luke were opened, including in Russia (Moscow, Balashikha, Voronezh, Yevpatoria, Yeysk, Yekaterinburg, Donetsk, Zheleznogorsk, Kerch, Kovrov, Krasnoyarsk, Murmansk, Nizhny Novgorod, Novosibirsk, Novy Svet, Obninsk, Olginka, Orenburg, Perm, Petrozavodsk, Saki, Saratov, Simferopol, Stavropol, Ulyanovsk, Chelyabinsk, Chita, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk), in Ukraine (Kiev, Sumy, Odessa, Vinnytsia, Dnipro), Greece and other countries. Monuments and busts were installed only in Russia in the years Moscow, Yeysk, Krasnoyarsk, Lipetsk, Nizhny Novgorod, Simferopol, Tambov and other cities. The name of Professor V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky was given to the Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, St. Petersburg Clinical Hospital, and the Society of Orthodox Doctors of St. Petersburg.