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Fang, Wang Sheng, Pi Yi Du, Wen Jian Weng, and Gao Rong Han. "Structure and Dielectric Properties of Homogeneous Srm-3Bi4TimO3m+3 (m = 3, 4, 5, and 6) Ceramics." Key Engineering Materials 336-338 (April 2007): 133–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.336-338.133.
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Srm-3Bi4TimO3m+3 (m =3, 4, 5, and 6) bulk ceramics were prepared by conventional solid-state reaction process. Their phase structures and morphologies were observed by XRD and SEM respectively. The dielectric properties and hysteresis loops of the ceramics were measured by impedance analyzer and hysteresis meter respectively. Results showed that the lattice parameters along the c axis are 32.79, 41.11, 48.83, and 58.17Ǻ for m=3, 4, 5, and 6 respectively. The microstructures of plate-like crystalline phases are shown in all the ceramics with different m. Curie temperature of Srm-3Bi4TimO3m+3 decreases from 668°C to 295°C with increasing m from 3 to 6. The remnant polarizations Pr are 32.46 and 19.44 μC/cm2 for odd m of 3 and 5, and 11.84 and 10.58 μC/cm2 for even m of 4 and 6 respectively.
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Tarlinskaja, Marina. "Kyd and Marlowe’s Revolution: from Surrey’s Aeneid to Marlowe’s Tamburlaine." Studia Metrica et Poetica 1, no. 1 (April 22, 2014): 9–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/smp.2013.1.1.02.
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The Early New English iambic pentameter was re-created by Wyatt and Surrey in the first half of the 16th c. Surrey introduced blank iambic pentameter into English poetry, and the first English tragedy, Gorboduc, was written in this versification form. Early New English playwrights were feeling their way into the iambic meter, and wrote “by the foot”: the mean stressing on even syllables reached 90 percent, while on the odd syllables it fell to 5 percent. The authors of first new English tragedies were members of the parliament or the gentlemen of the City Inns, and they wrote for the aristocratic audience and the Court. Their subject matter and their characters matched the verse form: they were stiff and stilted.Marlowe and Kyd represented a new generation of playwrights who wrote for the commercial stage patronized by commoners. Marlowe and Kyd created different sets of plots and personages and a different versification style. Marlowe’s Tamburlaine and Kyd’s The Spanish Tragedy had a powerful impact on generations of English playwrights, from Shakespeare to Shirley. The particulars of the Earlier New English versification style compared to later Elizabethan dramaturgy are discussed in the presentation.
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Abecasis, Donna, Renaud Brochard, Roni Granot, and Carolyn Drake. "Differential Brain Response to Metrical Accents in Isochronous Auditory Sequences." Music Perception 22, no. 3 (2005): 549–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/mp.2005.22.3.549.
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Even within equitonal isochronous sequences, listeners report perceiving differences among the tones, reflecting some grouping and accenting of the sound events. In a previous study, we explored this phenomenon of �subjective rhythmization� physiologically through brain event-related potentials (ERPs). We found differences in the ERP responses to small intensity deviations introduced in different positions of isochronous sequences, even though all sound events were physically identical. These differences seemed to follow a binary pattern, with larger amplitudes in the response elicited by deviants in odd-numbered than in even-numbered positions. The experiments reported here were designed to test whether the differences observed corresponded to a metrical pattern, by using a similar design in sequences of a binary (long-short) or a ternary (long-short-short) meter. We found a similar pattern of results in the binary condition, but a significantly different pattern in the ternary one. Importantly, the amplitude of the ERP response was largest in positions corresponding to strong beats in all conditions. These results support the notion of a binary default metrical pattern spontaneously imposed by listeners, and a better processing of the first (accented) event in each perceptual group. The differences were mainly observed in a late, attention-dependent component of the ERPs, corresponding to rather high-level processing.
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Petrushak, V. S. "MEASUREMENT OF THE AMPLITUDE OF PERIODIC SIGNALS USING THE FIBONACCI METHOD." Devices and Methods of Measurements 9, no. 2 (June 15, 2018): 167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2220-9506-2018-9-2-167-172.
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Development of new methods and high-rate means for converting the amplitude of high-frequency periodic signals into a binary code with high speed for solving problems of industrial tomography, radar, radio navigation, during measurements of amplitude-frequency characteristics, measurement of the amplitude of signal generators is relevant in scientific terms and useful in practical applications. The aim of the study was to create a new amplitude meter for high-frequency periodic signals based on the Fibonacci method without converting the AC voltage into an equivalent parameter.Based on the developed algorithm and the equation for converting the amplitude of periodic signals into code using the Fibonacci method, a functional scheme of the amplitude converter has been developed. This made it possible to realize an 8-bit amplitude converter in code on the FPGA Cyclone V series of the Altera company. Amplitude converter of periodic signals into the code based on the Fibonacci method consists of: two comparators, a phase detector, a short pulse shaper, a digital-to-analog converter, a Fibonacci register, an extender, a clock counter, a decoder and an indicator. In the developed meters of the amplitude of the periodic signal, the process of forming the measuring periods and their calculation was applied, this made it possible to avoid the conversion of the alternating voltage into an equivalent parameter. The process of forming measurement periods and their calculation is realized on the basis of a comparator and a counter. The application of the Fibonacci register allowed setting the conversion time at the level of N/f (number of register bits / frequency of the incoming signal). Using the Fibonacci sequence of the pentanacci sequence in the basis of the work of the Fibonacci register allowed obtaining odd code values at its output.Based on the obtained research results, a high-resolution converter of the amplitude of high-frequency periodic signals can be developed into a binary code with high speed for tasks: industrial tomography, radar and radio navigation.
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Strömbeck, Frida, Mingquan Bao, Zhongxia Simon He, and Herbert Zirath. "Transmitter and Receiver Circuits for a High-Speed Polymer Fiber-Based PAM-4 Communication Link." Sensors 22, no. 17 (September 2, 2022): 6645. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22176645.
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A high data rate RF-DAC and a power detector (PD) are designed and fabricated in a 250 nm indium phosphide (InP) double heterojunction bipolar transistor (DHBT) technology. A communication link using the Tx-Rx over polymer microwave fiber (PMF) is measured. The link consists of a pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) modulator and a PD as a demodulator, as well as a one-meter-long dielectric waveguide. The working frequency range of the complete link is verified to be 110–150 GHz. The peak output power of the PAM modulator is 5 dBm, and it has a −3 dB bandwidth of 43 GHz. The PD consists of a parallel connected common emitter configured transistor and a common base configured transistor to suppress the odd-order harmonics at the PD’s output, as well as a stacked transistor to amplify the output signal. Tx and Rx chips, including pads, occupy a total area of only 0.83 mm2. The PMF link can support a PAM-4 signal with 22 Gbps data transmission, and a PAM-2 signal with 30 Gbps data transmission, with a bit error rate (BER) of <10−12, with demodulation performed in real time. Furthermore, the energy efficiency for the link (Tx + Rx) is 4.1 pJ/bit, using digital data input and receiving PAM-2 output (5.6 pJ/bit for PAM-4).
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Wiardani, Ni Komang, Pande Putu Sri Sugiani, and Ni Made Yuni Gumala. "Konsumsi lemak total, lemak jenuh, dan kolesterol sebagai faktor risiko sindroma metabolik pada masyarakat perkotaan di Denpasar." Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia 7, no. 3 (March 1, 2011): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijcn.17751.
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Background: Metabolic syndrome is a health problem with its prevalence increasing in the worldwide. It is characterized by a group metabolic factor including abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, elevated blood pressure and insulin resistance. Metabolic syndrome affected by changes in lifestyle and unhealthy dietary patterns with high cholesterol, saturated fatty acid and trans fatty acid.Objective: The study conducted to know relationship between fat consumption with metabolic syndrome among adult people in Denpasar city.Method: The case control study designed was applied. The cases were adult people who had metabolic syndrome, and the control was healthy people from the case-neighboring household. Total subject were 130, taken by consecutive sampling: 65 cases and 65 controls. The subject identity, fat intake, waist circumference, blood pressure and fasting blood sugar were collected. The food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to measure fat consumption and blood glucose test meter for measuring fasting blood sugar. Mantel Haenzel statistic analysis were used to test the association of fat intake with metabolic syndrome.Result: The study showed that means of syndrome metabolic component in case higher than control (p<0.05). Waist circumference in case was 97.23 cm, blood pressure was 141.4/93.3 mmHg, fasting blood glucose was 132 mg/dl. There were significant difference between intake fat total, cholesterol, saturated fatty acid (SAFA) and frequency of intake in case and control (p<0.05). Intake fat on cases were fat total 85.5% >25% energy total/day, SAFA 90.8% >10%, cholesterol 55.4% >300 mg/day. Odd Ratio Mantel Haenzel analysis showed that fat consumption (fat total, cholesterol and frequency consumption of fat were risk factor to metabolic syndrome (OR >1)).Conclusion: There was significant relations between fat consumption (fat total cholesterol, SAFA, frequency of fat consumption) with metabolic syndrome among adult people for Denpasar City.
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Kanjanavaikoon, N., P. Saisirivechakun, and S. Chaiamnuay. "AB1077 THE PREVALENCE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS OF SARCOPENIA IN AXIAL SPONDYLOARTHRITIS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 82, Suppl 1 (May 30, 2023): 1759.1–1759. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2023-eular.5816.
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BackgroundSarcopenia consists of decreasing muscle strength, muscle mass and physical performance. Muscle wasting is common in chronic inflammatory diseases, such as spondyloarthritis (SpA).ObjectivesThis research aims to determine the prevalence and associated factors of sarcopenia in Thai ankylosing spondylitis patients.MethodsAcross-sectional study was conducted at Phramongkutklao Hospital between January 2020 and February 2021. One hundred and four axial spondyloarthritis (ax-SpA) patients who met the 2009 ASAS criteria were enrolled. Sarcopenia related factors and disease characteristics were recorded. Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass was measured by antero-posterior dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Strength, Ambulation, Rising from a chair, Stair climbing and history of Falling (SARC-F) was evaluated. Muscle strength was measured by hand grip strength and chair stand time. Physical performance was assessed by 6-meter walk and time up and go tests. Logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with sarcopenia.ResultsMost patients were male (77%) with the mean (standard deviation: SD) age and disease duration were 42.64 (12.19) and 8.3 (8.5) years. The mean BMI (SD) was 23.80 (4.44). The prevalence of sarcopenia was 22.1%. There was no difference in disease activities (BASDAI and ASDAS) between ax-SpA patients with and without sarcopenia. Factors independently associated with sarcopenia were age and low BMI with the adjusted odd ratios and 95% confidence interval of 27.319 (3.69-202) and 12.517 (1.67-93.76) respectively.ConclusionSarcopenia is common in ax-SpA patients. It is independently associated with older age and low BMI, but not disease activity.Reference[1]El Maghraoui, A.; Ebo’o, F. B.; Sadni, S.; Majjad, A.; Hamza, T.; Mounach, A., Is there a relation between pre-sarcopenia, sarcopenia, cachexia and osteoporosis in patients with ankylosing spondylitis?BMC Musculoskelet Disord2016,17, 268Acknowledgements:NIL.Disclosure of InterestsNone Declared.
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Dong, Xianguang, Zhen Jing, Yanjie Dai, Pingxin Wang, and Zhen Chen. "Failure Prediction and Replacement Strategies for Smart Electricity Meters Based on Field Failure Observation." Sensors 22, no. 24 (December 14, 2022): 9804. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22249804.
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It is helpful to have a replacement strategy by predicting the number of failures of in-service electricity meters. This paper presents a failure number prediction method for smart electricity meters based on on-site fault data. The prediction model was constructed by combining Weibull distribution with odds ratios, then the distribution parameters, failure prediction number, and confidence intervals of prediction number were calculated. A strategy of meter replacement and reserve were developed according to the prediction results. To avoid the uncertainty of prediction results due to the small amount of field data information, a Bayesian failure number prediction method was developed. The research results have value for making operation plans and reserve strategies for electricity meters.
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Picco, P., A. Cappelletti, S. Sparnocchia, M. E. Schiano, S. Pensieri, and R. Bozzano. "Upper layer current variability in the Central Ligurian Sea." Ocean Science Discussions 7, no. 2 (March 9, 2010): 445–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/osd-7-445-2010.
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Abstract. Long-time series of surface currents and meteorological parameters were analysed to estimate the variability of the upper layer circulation as a preliminary study of the Ligurian Air-Sea Interaction Experiment (LASIE07). Current meter data were collected by an upward-looking RDI Sentinel 300 kHz ADCP deployed in the Central Ligurian Sea (43°47.77' N; 9°02.85' E) near the meteo-oceanographic buoy ODAS ITALIA1 for over eight months. The ADCP sampled the upper 50 m of water column at 8 m vertical resolution and 1 h time interval; surface marine and atmospheric hourly data were provided by the buoy. Currents were mainly barotropic and directed NW, according to the general circulation of the area, had a mean velocity of about 18 cm s−1 and hourly mean peaks up to 80 m s−1. Most of the observed variability in the upper thermocline was determined by inertial currents and mesoscale activity due to the presence of the Ligurian Front. Local wind had a minor role in the near-surface circulation but induced internal waves propagating downward in the water column.
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Brown, Joshua, Reiko Sato, and John Morley. "1469. Effect of pneumonia and pneumonia hospitalization episodes on mobility in older adults: results from the Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders (LIFE) Study." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2020): S736. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.1650.
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Abstract Background Mobility is a cornerstone of healthy aging. Pneumonia may impact mobility through damage to physiological systems as well as increased inflammation, which has been associated with reduced physical functioning. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of pneumonia on objectively measured physical functioning in a sample of older adults. Methods This was a post-hoc analysis of the Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders (LIFE) Study provided by the National Institute on Aging’s AgingResearchBiobank. Participants with pre-existing mobility concerns aged 70-89 years were randomized to physical activity or health education interventions. Outcomes included the ability to complete a 400-meter walk and gait speed (meters/second, m/s) and were assessed every 6 months from baseline up to 42 months. New health events were assessed at each visit including overall pneumonia events and pneumonia hospitalizations. Repeated measures regression models evaluated the ability to walk 400-meters and gait speed as separate outcomes controlling for age, sex, race, education, past medical history, the occurrence of other health events, and a cumulative deficit frailty index. Results There were 1,635 LIFE Study participants with N=9,872 follow-up measures during the study period. Among these, 174 (10.6%) had a pneumonia event which included 96 hospitalization events. Those with pneumonia events during follow-up were mostly similar to those without pneumonia events at baseline, except for higher prevalence of past hospitalizations and respiratory problems. Any pneumonia event was associated with an adjusted mean gait speed of 0.67 (0.63-0.71) m/s vs. 0.70 (0.66-0.73) m/s in those without pneumonia and 0.60 (0.55-0.64) in those with pneumonia hospitalization. Similarly, pneumonia events were associated with 84% [odds ratio = 1.84 (1.45-2.23)] and pneumonia hospitalizations with 200% [odds ratio = 3.00 (2.48-3.52)] increases in the odds of not being able to walk 400-meters compared to those without pneumonia events. Conclusion Pneumonia-related health events were associated with subsequent reduced mobility measured by 400-meter walk tests and gait speed. Preventing pneumonia may be an important component of maintaining physical functioning in older adults. Disclosures Joshua Brown, PharmD, PhD, Pfizer, Inc (Consultant, Grant/Research Support) Reiko Sato, PhD, Pfizer, Inc (Employee, Shareholder) John Morley, MD, Pfizer, Inc (Consultant)
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Bukhari, Syed Nisar Hussain, Amit Jain, Ehtishamul Haq, Moaiad Ahmad Khder, Rahul Neware, Jyoti Bhola, and Moslem Lari Najafi. "Machine Learning-Based Ensemble Model for Zika Virus T-Cell Epitope Prediction." Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2021 (October 1, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9591670.
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Zika virus (ZIKV), the causative agent of Zika fever in humans, is an RNA virus that belongs to the genus Flavivirus. Currently, there is no approved vaccine for clinical use to combat the ZIKV infection and contain the epidemic. Epitope-based peptide vaccines have a large untapped potential for boosting vaccination safety, cross-reactivity, and immunogenicity. Though many attempts have been made to develop vaccines for ZIKV, none of these have proved to be successful. Epitope-based peptide vaccines can act as powerful alternatives to conventional vaccines due to their low production cost, less reactogenic, and allergenic responses. For designing an effective and viable epitope-based peptide vaccine against this deadly virus, it is essential to select the antigenic T-cell epitopes since epitope-based vaccines are considered safe. The in silico machine-learning-based approach for ZIKV T-cell epitope prediction would save a lot of physical experimental time and efforts for speedy vaccine development compared to in vivo approaches. We hereby have trained a machine-learning-based computational model to predict novel ZIKV T-cell epitopes by employing physicochemical properties of amino acids. The proposed ensemble model based on a voting mechanism works by blending the predictions for each class (epitope or nonepitope) from each base classifier. Predictions obtained for each class by the individual classifier are summed up, and the class with the majority vote is predicted upon. An odd number of classifiers have been used to avoid the occurrence of ties in the voting. Experimentally determined ZIKV peptide sequences data set was collected from Immune Epitope Database and Analysis Resource (IEDB) repository. The data set consists of 3,519 sequences, of which 1,762 are epitopes and 1,757 are nonepitopes. The length of sequences ranges from 6 to 30 meter. For each sequence, we extracted 13 physicochemical features. The proposed ensemble model achieved sensitivity, specificity, Gini coefficient, AUC, precision, F-score, and accuracy of 0.976, 0.959, 0.993, 0.994, 0.989, 0.985, and 97.13%, respectively. To check the consistency of the model, we carried out five-fold cross-validation and an average accuracy of 96.072% is reported. Finally, a comparative analysis of the proposed model with existing methods has been carried out using a separate validation data set, suggesting the proposed ensemble model as a better model. The proposed ensemble model will help predict novel ZIKV vaccine candidates to save lives globally and prevent future epidemic-scale outbreaks.
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Gerkema, T., and H. van Haren. "Internal tides and energy fluxes over Great Meteor Seamount." Ocean Science Discussions 4, no. 2 (April 3, 2007): 371–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/osd-4-371-2007.
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Abstract. Internal-tide energy fluxes are determined halfway over the southern slope of Great Meteor Seamount (Canary Basin), using data from combined CTD/LADCP yoyoing, covering the whole water column. The strongest signal is semi-diurnal and is concentrated in the upper few hundred meters of the water column. An indeterminacy in energy flux profiles is discussed; it is argued that a commonly applied condition used to uniquely determine these profiles does in fact not apply over sloping bottoms. However, the vertically integrated flux can be established unambiguously. The observed results are compared to the outcome of a numerical internal-tide generation model. For the semi-diurnal internal tide, the vertically integrated flux found in the model corresponds well to the observed one. For the diurnal tide, however, the former is much smaller; this points to non-tidal origins of the diurnal signal, which is indeed to be expected at this latitude (30°), where near-inertial and diurnal periods coincide.
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Hyde, Brett. "The odd-parity input problem in metrical stress theory." Phonology 29, no. 3 (December 2012): 383–431. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952675712000218.
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Under the weak layering approach to prosodic structure (Itô & Mester 1992), the requirement that output forms be exhaustively parsed into binary feet, even when the input contains an odd-number of syllables, results in the odd-parity input problem, which consists of two sub-problems. The odd heavy problem is a pathological type of quantity-sensitivity where a single odd-numbered heavy syllable in an odd-parity output is parsed as a monosyllabic foot. The even output problem is the systematic conversion of odd-parity inputs to even-parity outputs. The article examines the typology of binary stress patterns predicted by two approaches, symmetrical alignment (McCarthy & Prince 1993) and iterative foot optimisation (Pruitt 2008, 2010), to demonstrate that the odd-parity input problem is pervasive in weak layering accounts. It then demonstrates that the odd-parity input problem can be avoided altogether under the alternative structural assumptions of weak bracketing (Hyde 2002).
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Zukri, Ilham Minal. "ANALISIS PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN PASSIVE SPLITTER PADA OPTICAL DISTRIBUTION POINT (ODP) TERHADAP KINERJA JARINGAN DI RUMAH PELANGGAN." Jurnal Ilmiah Poli Rekayasa 18, no. 1 (November 25, 2022): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.30630/jipr.18.1.249.
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In this study, a comparison was made of the attenuation values of passive splitters 1:8 and 1:16 in Optical Distribution Points (ODP). Perform several measurements at the ODP using an Optical Light Source paired with a Passive Splitter 1:4 and 1:8 to become input power at the Optical Distribution Cabinet (ODC) and measure the output from the Passive Splitter 1:8 and Passive Splitter 1:16 at the ODP using Optical Power Meter (OPM) as a measuring tool with a cable length parameter of 100 meters. The measurement results using the OPM are smaller than the calculations with the Power Link Budget, with the measurement results of the passive splitter 1:8 on ODP with measurements made at the rosette obtained attenuation of -19.78 dBm and the results of measurements on passive splitter 1:16 on ODP with measurements carried out in the rosette the attenuation is -23.57, from these results it can be said that the use of passive splitters with excess needs can be used with replacement of passive splitters that have more capacity.
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van Haren, H., R. Groenewegen, M. Laan, and B. Koster. "Fast thermistor string observations at the slope of Great Meteor Seamount." Ocean Science Discussions 1, no. 1 (December 22, 2004): 37–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/osd-1-37-2004.
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Abstract. A very fast thermistor string has been built to accommodate the scientific need to accurately monitor fast and vigorous internal wave and overturning processes above sloping bottoms in the ocean. The thermistors and their custom designed electronics can register temperature at an estimated precision of about 1mK with a response time faster than 0.25 s down to depths of 6000 m. The present string holds 128 synoptically measuring sensors at 0.5 m intervals, which are all read-out within 0.5 s. When sampling at 1Hz, the batteries and the memory capacity of the recorder allow for deployments of up to 2 weeks. Detailed examples of the first field observations are presented, which show overturning and very high-frequency (Doppler-shifted) internal waves besides occasionally large turbulent bores moving up the sloping side of Great Meteor Seamount, Canary Basin, North-Atlantic Ocean.
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Afilalo, Jonathan, Salvatore Mottillo, Xiaoqing Xue, Antoinette Colacone, José A. Morais, J. Scott Delaney, and Marc Afilalo. "Frailty and adverse outcomes in older adults being discharged from the emergency department: A prospective cohort study." CJEM 22, no. 1 (January 2020): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cem.2019.431.
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ABSTRACTBackgroundA growing number of frail older adults are treated in the emergency department (ED) and discharged home. There is an unmet need to identify older adults that are predisposed to functional decline and repeat ED visits so as to target them with proactive interventions.MethodsA prospective cohort study was conducted in patients 75 years or older who were being discharged from the ED. The objective was to test the value of frailty screening tests, namely 5-meter gait speed and handgrip strength, to predict repeat ED visits at 1 and 6 months and functional decline at 1 month using multivariable logistic regression.ResultsAfter excluding 7 patients lost to follow-up, 150 patients were available for analysis. The mean age was 81.1 ± 4.9 years with 51% females, 13% arriving by ambulance, and 67% having at least two comorbid conditions. At ED discharge, 41% of patients were found to have slow gait speed, whereas 23% had weak handgrip strength. After adjustment, only slow gait speed was independently associated with functional decline at 1 month (odds ratio [OR] 1.39 per 0.1 meters/second decrement, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12 to 1.72) and repeat ED visits at 6 months (OR 1.20 per 0.1 meters/second decrement, 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.42).ConclusionsGait speed can be feasibly measured at the time of ED discharge to identify frail older adults at risk for early functional decline and subsequent return to the ED. Conversely, grip strength was not found to be associated with functional decline or ED visits.
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Paspalj, Darko, Milan Gužvica, and Lazar Vulin. "The connection of motor skills and swimming knowledge with the result of swimming the 100-meter freestyle." Zurnal za bezbjednost i kriminalistiku 3, no. 2 (2021): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zurbezkrim2102035p.
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On a sample of 31 first-year students of the Faculty of Security Sciences, a research was conducted with the aim of determining the connection of motor skills and swimming knowledge based on the result of swimming the 100-meter freestyle. The results of regression analysis showed that a successful the 100-meter freestyle swimming can be predicted through the observed predictor system, where from the set of applied variables only the variable score in swimming techniques (OPLI), individually had a statistically significant impact on the results of swimming 100-meter freestyle. The positive impact of swimming knowledge in this research can be explained by a rational and good technique in performing movements, which allowed students to change the position , direction and speed of movement, to master the flow of water with greater efficiency and lower energy consumption.
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Hasanudin, Hasanudin, Achmad Zubaydi, and Wasis Dwi Aryawan. "Stability Assessments of RoPax Open Car Deck on Longitudinal Wave." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1081, no. 1 (September 1, 2022): 012031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1081/1/012031.
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Abstract This paper discusses RoPax Open Car Deck (OCD) without side casings (wing tanks) on longitudinal wave water. The purpose is to know the critical intact stability of RoPax OCD on the longitudinal wave so that the other ship can avoid the condition. A case study takes a RoPax OCD, which capsized on Halmahera seawater. The stability calculation uses the energy balance method on calm water and longitudinal waves with various amplitude, phases, and lengths of waves. Survival stability assessments use the lever righting arm (GZ) of intact stability criteria IMO (IS Code 2008). Results show RoPax OCD full load on calm water has failed to fulfil several of the stability criteria of IS Code 2008, especially on area 30°-40° of GZ curve 1.221 meter-degree ≤ 1.7189 meter-degree, and GZ maximum 15° ≤ 25°. Hogging and sagging waves reduce the GZ height compared to calm water, but the length of the GZ range on calm water increases 0°~29° increase becomes 0°~32° on the sagging wave and decreases 0°~13° on the hogging wave. With varying wave phases 0-0.8, the highest GZ curve occurs in phase 0.2, and the lowest GZ curve occurs in phase 0.6. With varying wavelength, 10-50 meter, shows highest GZ curve occur on wavelength 10 m, and the lowest GZ curve occurs on wavelength 40 m, the same as the ship length (Lpp). All GZ stability curves have positive values, but the longitudinal wave reduces the GZ heigh and causes the water to ingress onto the car deck. Hence, the effect on the water-free surface influences ship capsizes. The authors suggest that RoPax with opened car deck without side casings should not be operated in the open sea or the strait bordered by the open sea to avoid the same accident.
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Wan, Li, Mo Zhou, Ge Liu, Chang-An Zhang, and Ying Yan. "Interactive Influence Analysis of Tunnel Lateral Clearance on Driving Behavior Using Expressway Field Data." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2021 (April 30, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5552099.
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Changes in lateral clearance are prone to drastic changes in the driving environment at the entrance and exit of the tunnel, which can cause a driver to become psychologically stressed and deviate from the center of a lane, thus creating a greater security risk. However, most of the existing regulations and studies only focus on the horizontal and vertical alignment of the tunnel entrances and exits, and there are few studies on the influence of lateral clearance on driving behavior. This study hired 15 random subjects to conduct real vehicle tests in eight tunnels on expressways with 3 design speeds by using a CAN-OBD analyzer and steering wheel angle meter. First, in five lateral clearance variation schemes, different speed characteristic indicators and steering wheel angles were selected as the indicators of driving behavior. Second, the interactive influence of the design speed, lateral clearance, operating speed, steering wheel angle, and other indicators were analyzed. Finally, paired t-test analysis and Wilcoxon and Friedman nonparametric tests were used to compare the differences in various indicators among different lateral clearance schemes. The results showed that when the left lateral clearance is 1.5 meters, the operating speed is increased by 3.9%, while the standard deviation of speed is small, and the driving performance is higher. When the right lateral clearance is 1.75 and 2.00 meters, the operating speed is not much different. However, the latter’s speed standard deviation is smaller. By contrast, when the right lateral clearance is up to 2.25 m, the operating speed increases by 3.7%. However, the speed standard deviation also increases. Different lateral clearances have little effect on the steering wheel angle. The operating speed on the right side is higher and more stable when the design speed is 100 km/h. This study provides scientific suggestions for the setting of the lateral clearance of the tunnels.
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Biederman, J., C. R. Petty, C. Dolan, S. Hughes, E. Mick, M. C. Monuteaux, and S. V. Faraone. "The long-term longitudinal course of oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder in ADHD boys: findings from a controlled 10-year prospective longitudinal follow-up study." Psychological Medicine 38, no. 7 (January 21, 2008): 1027–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291707002668.
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BackgroundA better understanding of the long-term scope and impact of the co-morbidity with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD) in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) youth has important clinical and public health implications.MethodSubjects were assessed blindly at baseline (mean age=10.7 years), 1-year (mean age=11.9 years), 4-year (mean age=14.7 years) and 10-year follow-up (mean age=21.7 years). The subjects' lifetime diagnostic status of ADHD, ODD and CD by the 4-year follow-up were used to define four groups (Controls, ADHD, ADHD plus ODD, and ADHD plus ODD and CD). Diagnostic outcomes at the 10-year follow-up were considered positive if full criteria were met any time after the 4-year assessment (interval diagnosis). Outcomes were examined using a Kaplan–Meier survival function (persistence of ODD), logistic regression (for binary outcomes) and negative binomial regression (for count outcomes) controlling for age.ResultsODD persisted in a substantial minority of subjects at the 10-year follow-up. Independent of co-morbid CD, ODD was associated with major depression in the interval between the 4-year and the 10-year follow-up. Although ODD significantly increased the risk for CD and antisocial personality disorder, CD conferred a much larger risk for these outcomes. Furthermore, only CD was associated with significantly increased risk for psychoactive substance use disorders, smoking, and bipolar disorder.ConclusionsThese longitudinal findings support and extend previously reported findings from this sample at the 4-year follow-up indicating that ODD and CD follow a divergent course. They also support previous findings that ODD heralds a compromised outcome for ADHD youth grown up independently of the co-morbidity with CD.
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Daouri, Amine, Marc Asselborn, Claire Majoufre, Arnaud Gleizal, and Masrour Makaremi. "Spécificités d’un protocole chirurgico-orthodontique par Clear Aligner Therapy." Revue d'Orthopédie Dento-Faciale 53, no. 4 (November 2019): 337–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/odf/2019031.
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Depuis l’avènement de la Clear Aligner Therapy (CAT) introduit par Invisalign en 1998, seulement quelques articles ont abordé le traitement combinant chirurgie orthognathique et Clear Aligner Therapy mais il ne s’agissait que de case-report pour la plupart. L’objectif de cet article était donc de présenter et de proposer un protocole orthodontico-chirurgical dans le cadre de dysmorphies maxillo-mandibulaires préparées par Clear Aligner Therapy et requérant une chirurgie orthognathique. Nous avons recueillis l’expérience de nombreux orthodontistes possédant une expérience importante dans le domaine de la Clear Aligner Therapy et notamment dans la préparation de cas chirurgicaux. Nous avons donc établi un protocole en 17 étapes avec de nombreuses astuces pour mener à bien ces traitements : de l’examen clinique initial par l’orthodontiste et le chirurgien maxillo-facial jusqu’à la phase de contention finale avec la symbiose orthodontico-chirurgicale placée au centre du projet thérapeutique. Nous avons associé à ce protocole une revue de la littérature concernant la phase de blocage maxillo-mandibulaire per-opératoire (par fils d’acier) et postopératoire (par élastiques) : périodes clés dans la gestion du traitement orthodontico-chirurgicale
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Samuelsen, A., S. S. Hjøllo, J. A. Johannessen, and R. Patel. "Particle aggregation in anticyclonic eddies and implications for distribution of biomass." Ocean Science Discussions 9, no. 1 (January 18, 2012): 187–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/osd-9-187-2012.
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Abstract. Acoustic measurements show that the biomass of zooplankton and mesopelagic fish is redistributed by mesoscale variability and that the signal extends over several hundred meters depth. The mechanisms governing this distribution are not well understood, but influences from both physical (i.e. physical redistribution) and biological processes (i.e. nutrient transport, primary production, active swimming, etc.) are likely. This study examines how hydrodynamic conditions and basic vertical swimming behavior act to distribute biomass in an anticyclonic eddy. Using an eddy-resolving 2.3 km-resolution physical ocean model as forcing for a particle-tracking module, particles representing passively floating organisms and organisms with vertical swimming behavior are released within an eddy and monitored for 20 to 30 days. The role of hydrodynamic conditions on the distribution of biomass is discussed in relation to the acoustic measurements. Particles released close to the surfaces tend, in agreement with the observations, to accumulate around the edge of the eddy, whereas particles released at depth tend to distribute along the isopycnals. After a month they are displaced several hundreds meters in the vertical with the deepest particles found close to the eddy center, but there is no evidence of aggregation of particles along the eddy rim. All in all, the particle redistribution appears to result from a complex mixture of strain and vertical velocity. The simplified view where the vertical velocity in eddies is regarded as uniform and symmetric around the eddy center is therefore not a reliable representation of the eddy dynamics.
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Morozov, E. G., R. Yu Tarakanov, and H. van Haren. "Transport of AABW through the Kane Gap, tropical NE Atlantic." Ocean Science Discussions 10, no. 2 (March 11, 2013): 539–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/osd-10-539-2013.
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Abstract. We study low-frequency flow of Antarctic Bottom Water through the Kane Gap (9° N) in the Atlantic. The measurements in the Kane Gap include five visits with CTD sections in 2009–2012 and a year-long record of currents using three AquaDopp current-meters. We found an alternating regime of flow, which changes direction several times during a year. The velocities reach 0.21 m s−1. The transport of Antarctic Bottom Water (< 1.9 °C) based on the mooring and LADCP data varies by ± 0.3 Sv.
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Popov, Anton Yu. "Programmable Chess Sowing." Elektrotekhnologii i elektrooborudovanie v APK 67, no. 2 (June 24, 2020): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2658-4859-2020-67-2-74-80.
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One of the options for solving the problem of placing plants with the shape of the feeding area close to the circular one is to use a chess method of seeding. The development of precision farming and automation systems creates prerequisites for programmable chess seeding based on local coordination of the seeding unit. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in building and analyzing models of programmable chess seeding using an algorithm for separate control of even and odd seeding sections with local coordination of the seeder and precision farming elements. (Materials and methods) For the analysis of the algorithm separate control of odd and even partitions of seeders in the software package Matlab Simulink a simulation model of staggered planting was built based on the following assumptions: reference line distances on opposite edges of the field parallel to the surface field of the flat, air resistance is ignored, sliding or slipping distance measuring wheel is not presented, the seeds are sown in the furrow with the free fall acceleration and fixed in the tangent point with the ground, the speed of a drill is variable. (Results and discussion) To visualize the operation of the algorithm for controlling the flaps of even and odd sections of the drill, the article presents a graph of the placement of seeds relative to the specified position of opening the flaps in several rows of seeding. Authors have described analytical dependencies for calculating the offset of opening the shutters of seed sections, which are used in a special program for selecting the optimal number of encoder pulses. It was found that this minimizes the values of the offset ΔL per 1000 meters of passage (ΔL = 8.48 × 10-5 - 8.50 × 10-5 meters) and ensures precise coordination of the seeder's actuators in the field. (Conclusions) It was found that an increase in the speed of the seeder leads to a violation of the chess scheme of placing seeds on the field due to their spread in the furrow. It was found that to reduce the spread of seeds in the furrow and comply with the staggered distribution scheme, it is necessary to upgrade the coulter system of the rowed seeder or to carry out sowing at a speed below 2.5 meters per second, which will negatively affect the productivity of the sowing unit.
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Vesthi, Nifarea Anlila, Grahita Aditya, and Rizki Amalina. "HUBUNGAN KADAR UREA SALIVA TERHADAP DERAJAT KEASAMAN (pH) SALIVA PADA ANAK USIA 12-15 TAHUN." ODONTO : Dental Journal 2, no. 1 (December 1, 2015): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/odj.2.2.57-61.
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Introduction: One of the dental disease in the oral cavity that often experience by society are caries. Caries is one of the hard tooth tissue disease that can touch enamel, dentin, and sementum. One of the factor that affect caries process is saliva. Urea is one of the organic composition that compose saliva. Urea in salive plays as buffer capacity and the pH saliva adjustment.Methods: This study is an analytic observational with cross sectional approach, this study are conducted in Daarul 'Ilmi Islamic boarding school with 19 subject of 12-15 years old child. The data are obtained from the examination of urea saliva level and pH saliva in child. The level of urea saliva are measured using spectrophotometer tools and the pH saliva are measured using pH meter. The Shapiro-wilkare used to deterime the data normality, continue with Leuvenetest to determinde the data homogeneity data. Data are analyzed using Pearson test to determine the relation of urea level in saliva against the pH saliva.Results: According the data analysis, the data are in normal distribution and homogeneous. The research result are obtain average of urea level in urea sample is 13,45 mg/dl, and the average of pH saliva sampelis 7,15. The result of Pearsonstatistic testare obtain p value of = 0,000, with the positive correlation level of 0,902.Conclusion: The conclusion of this study are note that there are relation between the urea level in saliva against pH salive. This are proven from the Pearson test result with significance value of 0.000 (p< 0.05).
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Penna, Heloisa Maria Moraes Moreira. "Odes horacianas em asclepiadeus maiores: a perfeição da Ode I 11." Nuntius Antiquus 1 (June 30, 2008): 166–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17851/1983-3636.1..166-178.
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The three odes written in greater asclepiad verse by Horace have a moralizing tone. This meter, with its marked diaereses after the sixth and tenth syllabes, favors exhortative and gnomicexpressions. In ode I 11, Horace explores asclepiad’s metrical characteristics selecting to each part of the verses words and expressions suitable to the rhythmic impression of the tripartite structure.Horace choses his words, rhythms, and images consciously and with great care.
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Alčaković, Slavko. "Super bowl ads in the period from 2017-2022." European Journal of Applied Economics 20, no. 1 (2023): 39–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ejae20-42830.
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Advertising during Super Bowl commercial breaks has become a crucial part of brands' marketing strategies, offering them the chance to reach a huge audience. Over the past six years, Super Bowl ads have been diverse and captivating, showcasing products from various categories such as food and beverage, cars, beer and financial and online services. The article provides a brief and overall analysis of Super Bowl ads from 2017 to 2022. The database used in the analysis was taken from the world-famous database at adsoftheword.com. This research analyzed the length, logo viewability and product category, presence of celebrities, animals, humor and the average likability score from Ad meter in Super Bowl ads from 2017 to 2022. This analysis shows the changes in marketing strategies highlighting the growing sophistication of the advertising industry.
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Barreto, Patricia Amado, Claudia Souza Lopes, Ismael Henrique da Silveira, Eduardo Faerstein, and Washington Leite Junger. "Is living near green areas beneficial to mental health? Results of the Pró-Saúde Study." Revista de Saúde Pública 53 (September 16, 2019): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2019053001008.
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between exposure to green areas in the surroundings of the residence and the presence of common mental disorders among adults, according to different income strata. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with 2,584 participants from the Pró-Saúde Study (2006), residing in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Common Mental Disorders were measured using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and exposure to green areas was measured using the normalized difference vegetation index, in buffers with radiuses between 100 and 1,500 meters around the residence. We used the mean and maximum normalized difference vegetation index categorized into quartiles. The study population was divided into three subgroups, according to the income: low, intermediate, and high. Odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals were estimated with logistic regression models. The models were adjusted by sex and age, with and without inclusion of physical activity practice. RESULTS: The proportion of common mental disorders was 30% and 39% among men and women, respectively. The results of the adjusted models showed an inverse association between the presence of green areas in the surroundings of the residence and the occurrence of common mental disorders, in the buffer of 200 meters in the intermediate-income group and in the buffers of 400 and 1,500 meters in the low-income group. The odds ratio ranged from 0.52 (buffer of 1,500 meters) to 0.68 (buffer of 200 meters). The association found was independent of physical activity practice. CONCLUSIONS: The evidence found suggests the existence of a beneficial effect of urban green areas on the mental health of lower-income individuals. These findings can help in understanding how the urban environment can affect the mental health of the population.
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Ajibawo, Temitope, and Oluwatimilehin Okunowo. "Higher Hospital Frailty Risk Score Is an Independent Predictor of In-Hospital Mortality in Hospitalized Older Adults with Obstructive Sleep Apnea." Geriatrics 7, no. 6 (November 14, 2022): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics7060127.
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Background: Frailty predisposes individuals to stressors, increasing morbidity and mortality risk. Therefore, this study examined the impact of frailty defined by the Hospital Frailty Risk Score (HFRS) and other characteristics in older hospitalized patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA). Methods: We conducted a retrospective study using the National Inpatient Sample 2016 in patients ≥65 years old with OSA. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the impact of frailty on inpatient mortality. A Kaplan-Meier curve with a log-rank test was used to estimate survival time between frailty groups. Results: 182,174 discharge records of elderly OSA were included in the study. 54% of the cohort were determined to be a medium/high frailty risk, according to HFRS. In multivariable analysis, frailty was associated with a fourfold (medium frailty, adjusted odd ratio (aOR): 4.12, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 3.76–4.53, p-value < 0.001) and sixfold (high frailty, OR: 6.38, 95% CI: 5.60–7.27, p-value < 0.001) increased odds of mortality. Hospital survival time was significantly different between the three frailty groups (Log-rank test, p < 0.0001). Comorbidity burden defined by Charlson comorbidity Index (CCI) was associated with increased mortality (p < 0.001). Conclusion: More than half of the whole cohort was determined to be at medium and high frailty risk. Frailty was a significant predictor of in-hospital deaths in hospitalized OSA patients. Frailty assessment may be applicable for risk stratification of older hospitalized OSA patients.
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Merkle, Julia, Anton Sabashnikov, Lisa Liebig, Carolyn Weber, Kaveh Eghbalzadeh, Oliver Liakopoulos, Mohamed Zeriouh, Ferdinand Kuhn-Régnier, and Thorsten Wahlers. "Factors predictive for early and late mortality after surgical repair for Stanford A acute aortic dissection." Perfusion 34, no. 5 (January 11, 2019): 375–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267659118822947.
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Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate independent risk factors predictive for mortality of patients with Stanford A acute aortic dissection. Methods: From January 2006 to March 2015, a total of 240 consecutive patients diagnosed with acute Stanford A acute aortic dissection underwent surgical aortic repair in our center. After analysis of pre- and perioperative variables, univariate logistic and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed for mortality of patients. Subsequently, Kaplan–Meier estimation analysis of short- and long-term survival of these variables was carried out. Results: Primary entry tear in descending aorta (odds ratio = 4.71, p = 0.021), preoperative international normalized ratio higher than 1.2 (odds ratio = 7.36, p = 0.001), additional coronary artery bypass grafting (odds ratio = 3.39, p = 0.003), cannulation in ascending aorta (odds ratio = 3.22, p = 0.005), preoperative neurological coma (odds ratio = 3.30, p = 0.003), and reduced perfusion (odds ratio = 2.91, p = 0.006) as well as prolonged reperfusion time (odds ratio = 3.36, p = 0.002) showed to be independent predictors for early mortality as well as for late mortality (hazard ratio of all variables p < 0.05). Kaplan–Meier survival estimation analysis with up to 9-year-follow-up in terms of these risk factors showed significantly poorer short- and long-term survival (log-rank and Breslow test all p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our study revealed that early and late mortality of patients with Stanford A acute aortic dissection surgery was significantly influenced by preoperative and perioperative variables as independent predictors especially of variables displaying coronary, cerebral, and visceral malperfusion. Also, short- and long-term survival of patients was significantly poorer in terms of these risk factors.
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Kiefhaber, D., C. J. Zappa, and B. Jähne. "Influence of natural surfactants on short wind waves in the coastal Peruvian waters." Ocean Science Discussions 12, no. 4 (July 3, 2015): 1291–325. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/osd-12-1291-2015.
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Abstract. Results from measurements of wave slope statistics during the R/V Meteor M91 cruise in the coastal upwelling regions off the coast of Peru are reported. Wave slope probability distributions were measured with an instrument based on the reflection of light at the water surface and a method very similar to the Cox and Munk (1954b) sun glitter technique. During the cruise, the mean square slope (mss) of the waves was found to be very variable, despite the limited range of encountered wind speeds. The Cox and Munk (1954b) parameterization for clean water is found to overestimate mss, but most measurements fall in the range spanned by their clean water and slick parameterizations. The observed variability of mss is attributed to the wave damping effect of surface films, generated by increased biological production in the upwelling zones. The small footprint and high temporal resolution of the measurement allows for tracking abrupt changes in conditions caused by the often patchy structure of the surface films.
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Dewi, Annisa Arum Kartika, and Dyah Mahendrasari Sukendra. "Maya Index dan Karakteristik Lingkungan Area Rumah dengan Kejadian Demam Berdarah Dengue." HIGEIA (Journal of Public Health Research and Development) 2, no. 4 (October 31, 2018): 531–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/higeia.v2i4.24699.
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Abstrak
Pada tahun 2017 IR DBD sebesar 124,3 per 100.000 penduduk. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara maya index dan karakteristik lingkungan area rumah dengan kejadian DBD di daerah endemis DBD Kelurahan Kadipiro Kota Surakarta. Jenis penelitian ini adalah analitik observasional dengan rancangan penelitian case control. Sampel sebesar 45 kasus dan 45 kontrol dengan teknik pengambilan sampel yaitu purposive sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah lembar pengukuran dan lembar observasi, kuesioner, roll meter dan dokumen rekam medik. Data dianalisis secara univariat untuk mendeskripsikan semua variabel penelitian dan secara bivariat dengan uji chi-square dan perhitungan Odds Ratio(OR). Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Mei-Juni 2018. Hasil penelitian ini adalah maya index (p=0,408), keadaan TPA terbuka (p=0,036), ventilasi rumah tanpa kawat kassa (p=0,135), keberadaan pakain yang menggantung (p=0,021), kepadatan hunian (p=0,168), jarak antar rumah (p=1,000), keberadaan pekarangan kosong (p=0,047), keberadaan tempat minum unggas (p=1,000). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah ada hubungan antara keadaan TPA terbuka, keberadaan pakaian menggantung, keberadaan pekarangan kosong dengan kejadian DBD.
Abstract
In 2017 the dengue fever was 124.3 per 100,000 population. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between the maya index and environmental characteristics of the home area with the incidence of DHF in endemic area of DHF Kadipiro Surakarta. Type of research was analytic observasional with research design case control. Samples of 45 cases and 45 controls by sampling technique that is purposive sampling. The instruments used are measurement sheets and observation sheets, questionnaires, roll meters and medical record documents. Data were analyzed univariat to describe all research variables and bivariate with test chi-square and calculation Odds Ratio. The study was conducted in May-June 2018. The results of this study were maya index(p=0.408), open landfill conditions(p=0,036), homeless house ventilation(p=0,135), the existence of hanging clothes(p=0,021), occupancy density(p=0,168) distance between homes(p=1,000), the existence of empty yard(p=0,047), existence of poultry drinking place(p=1,000). The conclusion, there is a relationship between the open landfill conditions, the existence of hanging clothes, the existence of empty yard with the incidence of DHF.
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Álvarez, M., H. Sanleón-Bartolomé, T. Tanhua, L. Mintrop, A. Luchetta, C. Cantoni, K. Schroeder, and G. Civitarese. "The CO<sub>2</sub> system in the Mediterranean Sea: a basin wide perspective." Ocean Science Discussions 10, no. 4 (August 29, 2013): 1447–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/osd-10-1447-2013.
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Abstract. This paper provides an extensive vertical and longitudinal description of the CO2 system variables (Total Alkalinity – TA, dissolved inorganic carbon – DIC and pH) along an East-West transect and across the Sardinia–Sicily passage in the Mediterranean Sea (MedSea) from two oceanographic cruises conducted in 2011 measuring CO2 variables in a coordinated fashion, the RV Meteor M84/3 and the RV Urania EuroFleets 11, respectively. The over-determined CO2 system allowed performing the first internal consistency analysis for the particularly warm, high salinity and alkalinity MedSea waters. This basin is considered a "laboratory basin" suffering dramatic changes in its oceanographic and biogeochemical conditions derived from natural and anthropogenic forces. Despite this, little is known about the CO2 system variability in the whole basin. This work aims to be a benchmark for future studies about the CO2 system space-time variability in the MedSea. In this sense we provide full-depth and length CO2 distributions across the MedSea, and property – property plots showing in each sub-basin post-Eastern Mediterranean Transient (EMT) situation with regard to TA, DIC and pH.
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Lorente, P., S. Piedracoba, J. Soto-Navarro, and E. Alvarez-Fanjul. "A combined quality-control methodology in Ebro Delta (NE Spain) high frequency radar system." Ocean Science Discussions 12, no. 4 (August 24, 2015): 1913–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/osd-12-1913-2015.
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Abstract. Ebro River Delta is a relevant marine protected area in the western Mediterranean. In order to promote the conservation of its ecosystem and support operational decision making in this sensitive area, a three site standard-range (13.5 MHz) CODAR SeaSonde High Frequency (HF) radar was deployed in 2013. Since there is a growing demand for reliable HF radar surface current measurements, the main goal of this work is to present a combined quality control methodology. Firstly, one year-long (2014) real-time web monitoring of nonvelocity-based diagnostic parameters is conducted in order to infer both radar site status and HF radar system performance. Signal-to-noise ratio at the monopole exhibited a consistent monthly evolution although some abrupt decreases (below 10 dB), occasionally detected in June for one of the radar sites, impacted negatively on the spatiotemporal coverage of total current vectors. It seemed to be a sporadic episode since radar site overall performance was found to be robust during 2014. Secondly, a validation of HF radar data with independent in situ observations from a moored current meter was attempted for May–October 2014. The accuracy assessment of radial and total vectors revealed a consistently high agreement. The directional accuracy of the HF radar was rated at better than 8°. The correlation coefficient and RMSE values emerged in the ranges 0.58–0.83 and 4.02–18.31 cm s−1, respectively. The analysis of the monthly averaged current maps for 2014 showed that the HF radar properly represented basic oceanographic features previously reported, namely: the predominant southwestward flow, the coastal clockwise eddy confined south of Ebro Delta mouth or the Ebro River impulsive-type freshwater discharge. Future works should include the use of verified HF radar data for the rigorous skill assessment of operational ocean circulation systems currently running in Ebro estuarine region like MyOcean IBI.
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Guiavarc'h, C., A. M. Treguier, and A. Vangriesheim. "Deep currents in the Gulf of Guinea: along slope propagation of intraseasonal waves." Ocean Science Discussions 6, no. 1 (January 7, 2009): 57–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/osd-6-57-2009.
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Abstract. In the Gulf of Guinea, intraseasonal variability is large at the equator and along the coast. Current data on the continental slope near 7.5° S show very energetic biweekly oscillations at 1300 m depth. A high resolution numerical model demonstrates that this deep variability is forced by equatorial winds, through the generation of equatorial Yanai waves that propagate eastward and at depth, and then poleward as coastal-trapped waves upon reaching the coast of Africa. Intraseasonal variability is intensified along the coast, especially in the 500–1500 m depth range, with the largest intensification in the 10–20 day period range. The structure of kinetic energy is well explained at first order by a linear model with six baroclinic modes. Along the equator, eastward intensification of energy and bottom intensification are in qualitative agreement with vertically propagating Yanai waves, although the signal is clearly influenced by the details of the bathymetry. Along the coast, vertical modes 3 to 5 are important close to the equator, and the signal is dominated by lower modes farther south. Additional current meter data on the continental slope near 3° N display an energy profile in the 10–20 day period band that is strikingly different from the one at 7.5° S, with surface intensification rather than bottom intensification and a secondary maximum near 800 m. The model reproduces these features and explains them: the surface intensification in the north is due to the regional wind forcing, and the north-south dissymetry of the deep signal is due to the presence of the zonal African coast near 5° N. A 4 years time series at 7.5° S displays intermittencies of the 10–20 day signal near the bottom. This intermittency is not correlated with fluctuations of the equatorial winds and does not seem to be a simple linear response to the wind forcing.
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Lin, Ko-Huan, Yu-Jung Chen, Szu-Nian Yang, Ming-Wei Liu, Chung-Cheng Kao, Masanori Nagamine, Eric Vermetten, and Gen-Min Lin. "Association of Psychological Stress with Physical Fitness in a Military Cohort: The CHIEF Study." Military Medicine 185, no. 7-8 (April 1, 2020): e1240-e1246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usz469.
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Abstract Introduction Psychological stress is associated with sedentary behavior, which may impair exercise performance. The aim of our study was to examine the association between psychological stress and physical fitness in military personnel. Method A military cohort of 4080 subjects in Taiwan was used for the analysis. The Brief Symptoms Rating Scale (BSRS-5) includes items of anxiety, depression, hostility, interpersonal sensitivity, and insomnia measured by a five-point Likert-type scale of 0–4. Psychological stress was defined as normal (n = 3657), slight (n = 314), and great (n = 109) by BSRS-5 score ≤5, 6–9, and ≥10, respectively. Aerobic fitness and anaerobic fitness were evaluated by the time of 3000-meter running and the numbers of 2-min sit-ups and 2-min push-ups, respectively. Multiple linear and logistic regression analyses were used to determine the relationship. Results As compared with normal stress, slight and great stress were positive dose-dependently correlated with 3000-meter running time (β = 9.09 and 14.44; P = 0.0032 and 0.048, respectively) after adjusting for age, sex, service specialty, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, cigarette smoking, alcohol intake, hemoglobin levels, and exercise frequency. Similarly, those with slight stress were more likely to be the worst 10% performers in the 3000-meter run test relative to the normal individuals (odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals: 1.50, 1.00–2.24). By contrast, there was no relationship of psychological stress with the numbers of 2-min sit-ups and 2-min push-ups. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the presence of higher psychological stress on military personnel may reduce their cardiorespiratory fitness but not affect the anaerobic fitness.
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Thomanek, K., O. Zielinski, H. Sahling, and G. Bohrmann. "Automated gas bubble imaging at sea floor – a new method of in situ gas flux quantification." Ocean Science Discussions 7, no. 1 (February 9, 2010): 291–334. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/osd-7-291-2010.
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Abstract. Photo-optical systems are common in marine sciences and have been extensively used in coastal and deep-sea research. However, due to technical limitations in the past photo images had to be processed manually or semi-automatically. Recent advances in technology have rapidly improved image recording, storage and processing capabilities which are used in a new concept of automated in situ gas quantification by photo-optical detection. The design for an in situ high-speed image acquisition and automated data processing system is reported ("Bubblemeter"). New strategies have been followed with regards to back-light illumination, bubble extraction, automated image processing and data management. This paper presents the design of the novel method, its validation procedures and calibration experiments. The system will be positioned and recovered from the sea floor using a remotely operated vehicle (ROV). It is able to measure bubble flux rates up to 10 L/min with a maximum error of 33% for worst case conditions. The Bubblemeter has been successfully deployed at a water depth of 1023 m at the Makran accretionary prism offshore Pakistan during a research expedition with R/V Meteor in November 2007.
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Siddiqui, Noreen, Maria GM Pinho, Femke Rutters, Joline WJ Beulens, and Joreintje Mackenbach. "The Interaction between the Community Food Environment and Cooking Skills in Relation to Diet-Related Outcomes." Current Developments in Nutrition 6, Supplement_1 (June 2022): 949. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac067.069.
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Abstract Objectives Evidence shows that diet-related outcomes are influenced by the food environment. However, individuals with better cooking skills may be less dependent on what is available in their food environment. We examined whether the relation between the food environment around home and work and frequency of home cooking, diet quality and body mass index were modified by the level of cooking skills among Dutch adults. Methods Our study included 1782 Dutch adults aged 18–65 years, who participated in a cross-sectional survey. We measured the number of food retailers in a 1000m buffer around home and work and distinguished between counts of restaurants and food stores. These counts were summed and divided into quartiles. Participants reported their frequency of home cooking per week (≤ 5 days and 6–7 days) and completed a validated food frequency questionnaire, assessing adherence to the Dutch Healthy Diet score (0–150 points). Body mass index, based on reported length and weight, was categorized into < 25 kg/m2 and ≥25 kg/m2. Cooking skills score (1–5) was assessed using a validated questionnaire and added as interaction term to the linear and logistic regression models. We adjusted for age, sex, energy intake, education, income, household size, and urbanization. Results No significant effect modification was found between the food environment and cooking skills in relation to any of the outcomes (P-interaction >0.1). After adjustment for confounders, neither the count of restaurants or food stores was consistently associated with the frequency of home cooking. In adjusted models, participants having the most food stores around their home and work (>27 stores per 1000 square meter, quartile 4) had a 3.29 higher diet score (95%CI:0.20–6.39), compared to those in quartile 1. Furthermore, participants having the most food stores (>27/1000 square meter, quartile 4) and restaurants (>125/1000 square meter, quartile 4) had lower odds of being overweight, compared with those in quartile one: OR = 0.53 (95%CI:0.36–0.80) and OR = 0.63 (95%CI:0.42–0.94). Conclusions Being exposed to many supermarkets and restaurants was associated with a better diet score and lower odds of being overweight, but not modified by the level of cooking skills. Funding Sources The Eet & Leef study was funded by an NWO VENI grant on “Making the healthy choice easier–role of the local food environment”.
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Caldeira, R. M. A., X. Couvelard, E. Casella, and A. Vetrano. "Assymmetric eddy populations in adjacent basins – a high resolution numerical study of the Tyrrhenian and Ligurian Seas." Ocean Science Discussions 9, no. 6 (November 12, 2012): 3521–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/osd-9-3521-2012.
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Abstract. A high-resolution ocean circulation modelling system forced with a high-resolution numerical wind product was used to study the mesoscale and sub-mesoscale eddy population of the North-Western Mediterranean Sea, contrasting eddy-activity between the Tyrrhenian and Ligurian sub-basins. Numerical solutions reproduced some of the known regional dynamics, namely the occurrence and oceanic implications of Mistral events, the convective cell leeward of the Gulf of Lion, as well as the Balearic frontal system. Calculated transport across the Corsica Channel followed a similar trend, when compared to the transport computed from a moored current meter. The analysis of the results showed that surface eddy activity is mostly confined to the boundary-currents, whereas in the deeper layers most eddies are concentrated on the central-deeper part of the basins. The Liguro-Provençal basin shows a much higher concentration of intermediate and deep-water eddies, when compared to the Tyrrhenian basin. Sub-mesoscale surface eddies tend to merge and migrate vertically onto intermediate waters. Intense eddy activity in the boundary-current surrounding the Liguro-Provençal Gyre, concentrate high-productivity, manifested by higher concentrations of mean sea surface chlorophyll, in the central part of the gyre, defined herein as the Ligurian Productive Pool (LPP). On average, the Tyrrhenian was mostly oligotrophic except for a small productive vortice in the south-eastern (leeward) side of Corsica. The transport in the Tyrrhenian Gyre, and across the basin is one order of magnitude higher than the transport calculated for the Liguro-Provençal basin. A high concentration of eddies in the passage between the Balearic Archipelago and Sardinia suggests retention and longer residence times of nutrient rich water in the "Ligurian pool", compared to a "fast draining" Tyrrhenian basin. Previous studies support the cyclonic gyre circulation generated in the Liguro-Provençal basin but more studies are needed to address the surface and deep mesoscale activity of the Tyrrhenian basin.
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Fortin, W. F. J., W. S. Holbrook, and R. W. Schmitt. "Mapping turbulent diffusivity associated with oceanic internal lee waves offshore Costa Rica." Ocean Science Discussions 12, no. 4 (July 14, 2015): 1433–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/osd-12-1433-2015.
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Abstract. Breaking internal waves play a primary role in maintaining the meridional overturning circulation. Oceanic lee waves are known to be a significant contributor to diapycnal mixing associated with internal wave dissipation, but direct measurement is difficult with standard oceanographic sampling methods due to the limited spatial extent of standing lee waves. Here, we present an analysis of oceanic internal lee waves observed offshore eastern Costa Rica using seismic imaging and estimate the turbulent diffusivity via a new seismic slope spectrum method that extracts diffusivities directly from seismic images, using tracked reflections only to scale diffusivity values. The result provides estimates of turbulent diffusivities throughout the water column at scales of a few hundred meters laterally and 10 m vertically. Synthetic tests demonstrate the method's ability to resolve turbulent structures and reproduce accurate diffusivities. A turbulence map of our seismic section in the western Caribbean shows elevated turbulent diffusivities near rough seafloor topography as well as in the mid-water column where observed lee wave propagation terminates. Mid-water column hotspots of turbulent diffusivity show levels five times higher than surrounding waters and fifty times greater than typical open-ocean diffusivities. This site has steady currents that make it an exceptionally accessible laboratory for the study of lee-wave generation, propagation and decay.
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Socas-Navarro, Hector. "A Candidate Location for Planet Nine from an Interstellar Meteoroid: The Messenger Hypothesis." Astrophysical Journal 945, no. 1 (March 1, 2023): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acb817.
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Abstract The existence of a hypothetical Planet Nine lurking in the outer solar system has been invoked as a plausible explanation for the anomalous clustering in the orbits of trans-Neptunian objects. Here we propose that some meteoroids arriving at Earth could serve as messengers with the potential of revealing the presence of a hitherto undiscovered massive object. The peculiar meteor CNEOS 2014-01-08 recently put forward as the first interstellar meteor, might be one such messenger. The meteor radiant is in the maximum probability region calculated for the Planet Nine location in previous works. The odds of this coincidence being due to chance are ∼1%. Furthermore, some statistical anomalies about CNEOS 2014-01-08 are resolved under the hypothesis that it was flung at Earth by a gravitational encounter. Integrating its trajectory backwards in time would then lead to the region of the sky where Planet Nine is more likely to reside. Based on the available data, we propose the region at coordinates R.A. 53.°0 ± 4.°3, decl. 9.°2 ± 1.°3 as a plausible candidate location for Planet Nine.
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Mapelli, F., M. M. Varela, M. Barbato, R. Alvariño, M. Fusi, M. Álvarez, G. Merlino, D. Daffonchio, and S. Borin. "Biogeography of planktonic microbial communities across the whole Mediterranean Sea." Ocean Science Discussions 10, no. 1 (February 4, 2013): 291–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/osd-10-291-2013.
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Abstract. The M84/3 cruise recently held onboard of R/V Meteor represented a great and rare opportunity for the scientific community to realize a multidisciplinary survey on the whole Mediterranean Sea. In this context, molecular microbiology investigation, realized by applying Automated Ribosomal Intergenic Sequence Analysis (ARISA) and microscope evaluation of prokaryotic abundance, were performed on seawater samples aiming to identify the environmental factors driving planktonic bacterial community composition across both vertical and longitudinal transects. Prokaryotic abundance decreased along with depth in all the stations and presented similar values in sub-surface, meso- and bathypelagic layers across the whole Mediterranean basin. On the contrary, peculiar bacterial assemblages were selected along a longitudinal transect in the surface layers of the eastern and western sub-basins. Sharp vertical profiling of the bacterial communities was observed only considering the boundary of the water column, while the study of bacterial β-diversity at finer scale across the water column displayed higher variability at the intermediate layers. Nonetheless, different physico-chemical factors were significantly related to microbial zonation both according to geographic position and across the water column in the whole Mediterranean Sea. These results demonstrated that bacterial diversity is putatively correlated to different water masses across the water column of the complex hydrographical systems of the eastern and western Mediterranean sub-basins.
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Sethulakshmi, G. "Identification of key determinants of personal safety perception at bus stops using proportional odds logistic regression." European Transport/Trasporti Europei, no. 92 (March 2023): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.48295/et.2023.92.9.
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Complex vehicle-pedestrian interaction near the bus stop affects the safety perception of users, but the subjective nature of perceived safety and the lack of specific measurement techniques makes its estimation further laborious. This paper identifies factors influencing safety perceptions of bus users by employing Ordered Logistic Regression analysis. The study focussed on five dimensions; bus stops' design and surrounding facilities, traffic characteristics, and travellers' individual, travel and accident characteristics. The results demonstrated that increased vehicular flow, absence of footpath, crossing facility and safety barrier would scale down the perceived safety. Furthermore, the respondent's age, education, frequency of travelling by bus, familiarity with the bus stop, and previous accident experience are significant predictors of perceived safety. Results concluded that females perceived less safe, and no effects can be attributed to the household vehicles and income. Regarding road shoulder width, 1-2 meters is the most preferred width from the travellers' safety perspective.
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Karuri, Stella W., Maureen K. Murithi, Grace Irimu, and Mike English. "Using data from a multi-hospital clinical network to explore prevalence of pediatric rickets in Kenya." Wellcome Open Research 2 (August 17, 2017): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.12038.1.
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Background: Nutritional rickets is a public health concern in developing countries despite tropical climates and a re-emerging issue in developed countries. In this study, we reviewed pediatric admission data from the Clinical Information Network (CIN) to help determine hospital and region based prevalence of rickets in three regions of Kenya (Central Kenya, Western Kenya and Nairobi County). We also examine the association of rickets with other diagnosis, such as malnutrition and pneumonia, and study the effect of rickets on regional hospital stays. Methods: We analyzed discharge records for children aged 1 month to 5 years from county (formerly district) hospitals in the CIN, with admissions from February 1st 2014 to February 28th 2015. The strength of the association between rickets and key demographic factors, as well as with malnutrition and pneumonia, was assessed using odds ratios. The Fisher exact test was used to test the significance of the estimated odd ratios. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to analyze length of hospital stays. Results: There was a marked difference in prevalence across the three regions, with Nairobi having the highest number of cases of rickets at a proportion of 4.01%, followed by Central Region at 0.92%. Out of 9756 admissions in the Western Region, there was only one diagnosis of rickets. Malnutrition was associated with rickets; this association varied regionally. Pneumonia was found to be associated with rickets in Central Kenya. Children diagnosed with rickets had longer hospital stays, even when cases of malnutrition and pneumonia were excluded in the analysis. Conclusion: There was marked regional variation in hospital based prevalence of rickets, but in some regions it is a common clinical diagnosis suggesting the need for targeted public health interventions. Factors such as maternal and child nutrition, urbanization and cultural practices might explain these differences.
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Karuri, Stella W., Maureen K. Murithi, Grace Irimu, and Mike English. "Using data from a multi-hospital clinical network to explore prevalence of pediatric rickets in Kenya." Wellcome Open Research 2 (November 1, 2017): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.12038.2.
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Background: Nutritional rickets is a public health concern in developing countries despite tropical climates and a re-emerging issue in developed countries. In this study, we reviewed pediatric admission data from the Clinical Information Network (CIN) to help determine hospital and region based prevalence of rickets in three regions of Kenya (Central Kenya, Western Kenya and Nairobi County). We also examine the association of rickets with other diagnosis, such as malnutrition and pneumonia, and study the effect of rickets on regional hospital stays. Methods: We analyzed discharge records for children aged 1 month to 5 years from county (formerly district) hospitals in the CIN, with admissions from February 1st 2014 to February 28th 2015. The strength of the association between rickets and key demographic factors, as well as with malnutrition and pneumonia, was assessed using odds ratios. The Fisher exact test was used to test the significance of the estimated odd ratios. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to analyze length of hospital stays. Results: There was a marked difference in prevalence across the three regions, with Nairobi having the highest number of cases of rickets at a proportion of 4.01%, followed by Central Region at 0.92%. Out of 9756 admissions in the Western Region, there was only one diagnosis of rickets. Malnutrition was associated with rickets; this association varied regionally. Pneumonia was found to be associated with rickets in Central Kenya. Children diagnosed with rickets had longer hospital stays, even when cases of malnutrition and pneumonia were excluded in the analysis. Conclusion: There was marked regional variation in hospital based prevalence of rickets, but in some regions it is a common clinical diagnosis suggesting the need for targeted public health interventions. Factors such as maternal and child nutrition, urbanization and cultural practices might explain these differences.
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Wang, Huabin, Junbin Huang, Xinghan Jin, Chunmei Chen, Airun Zhang, Yuhui Wu, and Chun Chen. "Hypermagnesaemia, but Not Hypomagnesaemia, Is a Predictor of Inpatient Mortality in Critically Ill Children with Sepsis." Disease Markers 2022 (January 27, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3893653.
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Objective. The effect of serum magnesium on the prognosis of children with sepsis in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) is unclear. This study was designed to assess the risk of inpatient mortality for children with sepsis in the PICU based on serum magnesium levels at admission. Methods. We collected patients’ clinical information from the Pediatric Intensive Care database and then performed locally weighted scatterplot smoothing (LOWESS) analysis, Kaplan–Meier analysis, and multivariate logistic regression to determine the relationship between admission serum magnesium and inpatient mortality in children with sepsis. Results. A total of 974 critically ill children with sepsis were included, with 246 patients in the hypomagnesemia group, 666 in the normal group, and 62 in the hypermagnesemia group. The chi-square test suggested that the hypermagnesemia group had higher in-hospital mortality than the normal group (14.5% vs. 2.4%, P < 0.001 ). Kaplan–Meier curves revealed that the 30-day overall survival rate was lower in the hypermagnesaemia group than in the normal group ( P < 0.001 ). The multivariate logistic regression model revealed that hypermagnesaemia was a risk factor related to inpatient mortality (odds ratio 4.22, 95% CI 1.55-11.50), while hypomagnesaemia was not a significant factor for inpatient mortality (odds ratio 0.78, 95% CI 0.26-2.32). Conclusion. Hypermagnesaemia, but not hypomagnesaemia, is a predictor of inpatient mortality in critically ill children with sepsis.
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Chia, Daryl, Kyin Kyin May, Min Htet Zaw, Mikael Hartman, Peter A. Robless, and Pei Ho. "Do thrombotic events during endovascular interventions lead to poorer outcomes in patients with severe limb ischemia?" Vascular 23, no. 3 (August 19, 2014): 245–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1708538114546367.
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Introduction Intra-procedural acute thrombosis (IPAT) is a complication of endovascular procedures. We aim to identify risk factors for IPAT and compare the outcomes of patients with or without IPAT. Methods Paired T test and χ2 test were used to identify risk factors and short-term outcomes. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was used for mid-term outcomes. Results A total of 228 procedures were performed with 21 IPAT events (9.21%). The odds ratio of Indian patients developing IPAT was 2.8x (95% CI 1.1–7.6). Patients with in-stent occlusion or prior IPAT were 5.6x (95% CI 1.3–24.2) and 5.6x (95% CI 1.3–24.4) more likely to develop an IPAT event. Patients without IPAT had significantly more improvement in mean runoff score (−1.15 ± 1.31, p < 0.01). The odds of patients with IPAT requiring subsequent endovascular intervention and arterial bypass surgery were 4.2x (95% CI 1.6–10.7) and 7.1x (95% CI 1.9–27.0). There was no significant Kaplan–Meier estimated overall survival or amputation-free survival difference between patients with or without IPAT event. Conclusion Indian ethnicity, in-stent occlusion and previous IPAT were associated with higher risk of IPAT. Even after successful endovascular salvage, patients with IPATs were more likely to require secondary revascularization procedure. Patients with IPATs had no decrease in overall survival or amputation-free survival.
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Kizu, S., C. Sukigara, and K. Hanawa. "Comparison of the fall rate and structure of recent T-7 XBT manufactured by Sippican and TSK." Ocean Science Discussions 7, no. 5 (October 27, 2010): 1811–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/osd-7-1811-2010.
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Abstract. The fall rate of recent T-7 expendable bathythermograph (XBT) is evaluated based on a series of concurrent measurement with a calibrated Conductivity Temperature Depth profiler (CTD) in the sea east of Japan. An emphasis is placed on comparing the fall rates of T-7 produced by the two present manufacturers, the Lockheed Martin Sippican Inc., and the Tsurumi Seiki Co. Ltd., which have been believed to be identical but had never been compared directly. It is found that the two manufacturers' T-7 fall at rates different by about 3.5%. The Sippican T-7 falls slower than the current standard equation by Hanawa et al. (1995) gives by about 2.1%, and the TSK T-7 falls faster than it tells by about 1.4%. The fall-rate coefficients estimated based on the present sea test by applying the equation of traditional quadratic form, d(t)=at−bt2 where d is depth in meters and t is the time elapsed, since the water entry of the probe, in seconds, are a=6.553 and b=0.00221 for the LMS T-7, and a=6.803 and b=0.00242 for the TSK T-7. By detail examination of the probes, it is revealed that the two companies' T-7 have different total weight and many structural differences. Because the difference in the fall rate is about twice larger than the difference in weight (about 2%), it is inferred that those structural differences give sizable impact to the difference in their fall rates. Our results clearly show that the recent T-7 of the two companies needs to be discriminated.
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Hall, S., S. R. Dye, K. J. Heywood, and M. R. Wadley. "Wind forcing of salinity anomalies in the Denmark Strait overflow." Ocean Science Discussions 8, no. 3 (June 21, 2011): 1403–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/osd-8-1403-2011.
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Abstract. The overflow of dense water from the Nordic Seas to the North Atlantic through Denmark Strait is an important part of the global thermohaline circulation. The salinity of the overflow plume has been measured by an array of current meters across the continental slope off the coast of Angmagssalik, southeast Greenland since September 1998. During 2004 the salinity of the overflow plume changed dramatically, with the entire width of the array (70 km) freshening between January 2004 and July 2004, with a significant negative salinity anomaly of about 0.06 in May. The event in May represents a fresh anomaly of over 3 standard deviations from the mean since recording began in 1998. We show that the OCCAM 1/12° Ocean General Circulation Model not only reproduces the 2004 freshening event (r=0.96, p<0.01), but also correlates well with salinity observations over a previous 6 year period (r=0.54, p<0.01). Consequently the physical processes causing the 2004 anomaly and prior variability in salinity are investigated using the model output. Our results reject the hypotheses that the anomaly is caused by processes occurring between the overflow sill and the moorings, or by an increase in upstream net freshwater input. Instead, we show that the 2004 salinity anomaly is caused by an increase in volume flux of low salinity water, with a potential density greater than 27.60 kg m−3, flowing towards the Denmark Strait sill in the East Greenland Current. This is caused by an increase of southward wind stress upstream of the sill at around 75° N 20° W four and a half months earlier, and an associated spin-up of the Greenland Sea Gyre.
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Ayache, M., J. C. Dutay, P. Jean-Baptiste, K. Beranger, T. Arsouze, J. Beuvier, J. Palmieri, B. Le-vu, and W. Roether. "Modelling of the anthropogenic tritium transient and its decay product helium-3 in the Mediterranean Sea using a high-resolution regional model." Ocean Science Discussions 11, no. 6 (December 5, 2014): 2691–732. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/osd-11-2691-2014.
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Abstract. This numerical study provides the first simulation of the anthropogenic tritium invasion and its decay product helium-3 (3He) in the Mediterranean Sea. The simulation covers the entire tritium (3H) transient generated by the atmospheric nuclear-weapon tests performed in the 1950s and early 1960s and run till 2011. Tritium, helium-3 and their derived age estimates are particularly suitable for studying intermediate and deep-water ventilation and spreading of water masses at intermediate/deep levels. The simulation is made using a high resolution regional model NEMO-MED12 forced at the surface with prescribed tritium evolution derived from observations. The simulation is compared to measurements of tritium and helium-3 performed along large-scale transects in the Mediterranean Sea during the last few decades on cruises of Meteor M5/6, M31/1, M44/4, M51/2, M84/3, and Poseidon 234. The results show that the input function used for the tritium, generates a realistic distribution of the main hydrographic features of the Mediterranean Sea circulation. In the eastern basin, the results highlight the weak formation of Adriatic Deep Water in the model, which explains its weak contribution to the Eastern Mediterranean Deep Water in the Ionian sub-basin. It produces a realistic representation of the Eastern Mediterranean Transient signal, simulating a deep-water formation in the Aegean sub-basin at the beginning of the 1993, with a realistic timing of deep-water renewal in the eastern basin. In the western basin, the unusual intense deep convection event of winter 2005 in the Gulf of Lions during the Western Mediterranean Transition is simulated. However the spreading of the recently ventilated deep water toward the South is too weak. The ventilation and spreading of the Levantine Intermediate Water from the eastern basin toward the western basin is simulated with realistic tracer-age distribution compared to observation-based estimates.