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Picklo, Matthew, Kenneth Kalscheur, Michael Bukowski, James Harnly, and Naomi Fukagawa. "Identification of Branched-Chain Fatty Acid Producing Phenotypes in Holstein Cows." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab044_036.
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Abstract Objectives Branched chain fatty acids (BCFA) are rumen-derived fatty acids comprising about 2% of bovine milk fatty acids. BCFA possess anti-inflammatory properties and enriching the BCFA content of bovine milk may provide human health benefits of milk consumption. In this work, we determined whether high vs low forage diets impact the BCFA content of milk from Holstein cows and identified fatty acid phenotypes in high vs low BCFA-containing milks. Methods In this study, 62 Holstein cows were fed for 70 days, in a cross-over design fashion, either a high forage: concentrate (HF: C) diet or a low forage: concentrate (LF: C) diet. At the end of the 70-day feeding period, cows were switched to the alternate feeding arm. Milk samples were collected prior to the start of the first feeding period and at the end of each treatment period. Milk fatty acid content was determined by fatty acid methyl ester analysis. Paired t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and sparse partial least squares discriminant analysis (sPLSDA) were used to analyze the data. Results The total milk fatty acid concentration at the end of HF: C diet period was greater than that of the LF: C diet (4.2 ± 0.9 g/100 mL vs 3.95 ± 0.9 g/100 mL). sPLSDA demonstrated clear separation of the dietary treatments, with BCFA and odd-chain fatty acids as primary determinants. Total BCFA content was elevated by HF: C intake (1.86 ± 0.13%) vs LF: C intake (1.77 ± 0.14%). Quintile separation of high vs low BCFA milks resulted in 4 groups (n = 12) HF: C/low BCFA, HF: C/high BCFA; LF: C/low BCFA, and LF: C/high BCFA. The total BCFA contents of the low BCFA milks were not different regardless of forage content (1.70 ± 0.06% and 1.61 ± 0.04%) and were lower than the high BFCA milks (2.04 ± 0.11% and 1.98 ± 0.11%). Milks from the high BCFA quintiles had lower saturated fatty acid (SFA) content but higher oleic acid content than milks from the low BCFA quintiles. Of the 62 cows, 5 cows were identified as high BCFA producers and 6 cows as low BCFA producers regardless of the LF: C or HF: C diets. Conclusions The data demonstrate that the BCFA content of milk is diet-sensitive but variation in cow responses suggest factors such as genotype or rumen microbiome composition may play significant roles. The potential to produce milk with high BCFA content and lower SFA content needs further study. Funding Sources USDA-ARS Projects 3062–53000-001–00D, 5090–31000-025–00D, 80–8040-05–01-0000–0000.
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Arieira, Cátia, Francisca Dias de Castro, Pedro Boal Carvalho, Joana Magalhães, Sofia Xavier, Carla Sousa, Bruno Rosa, and José Cotter. "Bowel cleansing efficacy for colonoscopy: prospective, randomized comparative study of same-day dosing with 1-L and 2-L PEG + ascorbate." Endoscopy International Open 09, no. 11 (November 2021): E1602—E1610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1520-4596.
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Abstract Background and study aims Polyethylene glycol (PEG) bowel preparations are effective but associated with high ingestion volume. In this study, 1-L PEG and 2-L PEG preparations were compared in a randomized, colonoscopist-blinded, single-center trial. Patients and methods Patients were aged > 18 years, required colonoscopy, and provided informed consent. Randomization was 1:1 to 1-L PEG or 2-L PEG, based on hospital identification number (odd or even). Preparations were administered using same-day dosing adjusted for colonoscopy start time. The primary endpoint was successful bowel preparation on the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS) (no segment scored < 2). Results A total of 852 patients were randomized. In the intention-to-treat (ITT) population, significantly more patients had diabetes in the 2-L PEG arm, resulting in the creation of the modified-ITT population (mITT) that excluded diabetic patients to correct the imbalance (1-L PEG, n = 239; 2-L PEG, n = 238). In the mITT, there was no significant difference in successful cleansing between 1-L PEG and 2-L PEG (88.3 % vs. 82.4 %; P = 0.067). Excellent cleansing (BBPS 7–9; no segment < 2) was significantly improved with 1-L PEG (60.7 % vs. 50.4 %; P < 0.024), as were mean scores in the right and left colon (right: 2.47 vs. 2.30; P < 0.008; left: 2.55 vs. 2.39; P = 0.008). Adverse events were mild to moderate in intensity and none resulted in discontinuation. Rates of nausea and vomiting were significantly higher with 1-L PEG, but that did not affect successful cleansing. Conclusions The lower-volume 1-L PEG was associated with higher levels of excellent bowel cleansing and greater mean segmental scores on the BBPS than 2-L PEG.
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Mosca, Laura, Luca Agnelli, Ivo Kwee, Sonia Fabris, Domenica Ronchetti, Katia Todoerti, Marta Lionetti, et al. "Genome-Wide Analysis of DNA Copy Number in Multiple Myeloma Using High-Density SNP Arrays Reveals Clustering Patterns with Distinct Transcriptional Profiles." Blood 110, no. 11 (November 16, 2007): 2482. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.2482.2482.
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Abstract Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by a high genomic instability that involves both ploidy and structural rearrangements. Nearly half of MM tumors are non-hyperdiploid and are frequently associated with 13q deletion and chromosomal translocations involving the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) locus on chromosome 14q32. The remaining tumors are hyperdiploid, showing low prevalence of both IGH translocations and chromosome 13 deletions. Our study was aimed at providing insights into the genomic heterogeneity associated with plasma cell neoplasms by defining the genome-wide pattern of genetic lesions in a representative and stratified panel of MM patients. To this end, genome-wide profiling data of 45 plasma cell dyscrasia patients (41 MM and 4 plasma cell leukemia) were generated on GeneChip® Human Mapping 50K Xba SNP arrays, and the local DNA copy number variations were calculated using the DNAcopy Bioconductor package. The patients were clustered using the non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) algorithm to identify, within the natural grouping of profiles, the strongest clusters on the basis of their genomic characteristics. We identified three consistent clusters, characterized byrecurrent gains of odd-chromosomes, suggestive of the hyperdiploid status (Group A),high frequency of chromosome 13 deletion and 1q gains (Group B), orhigh frequency of chromosomes 13, 14, 16 and 22 deletions and losses of 1p and 4p regions, together with some cases showing 1q gains (Group C). To determine whether peculiar transcription fingerprints characterized these groups, gene expression profiles of 40 out of 45 corresponding samples generated on GeneChip® HG-U133A arrays were analyzed using the Prediction Analysis of Microarray (PAM) software. The multi-class analysis identified 229 transcripts (corresponding to 195 genes), which specifically marked the three groups. In particular, Group A was characterized by the overexpression of genes involved in the translational machinery or thought to be involved in MM pathogenesis such as the HGF, the tumor necrosis factor ligand TRAIL, DKK1, and c-KIT. Upregulation of the CKS1B gene was present in Group B and C, most likely reflecting the high frequencies of 1q gains in tumors within group B and C and its consequent deregulation. Group C was marked by the specific downregulation of genes mainly mapped to 1p arm: AMPD1, CSDE1, AKR1A1 and the PRKACB kinase, suggesting a relationship with the recurrent 1p loss within the group. Our data further supported the notion that structural abnormalities in multiple myeloma are associated with gene expression imbalances, and provide novel analytical approaches for the identification of genetic lesions and molecular patterns of the disease.
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Wang, Kai Yan, Dan Liu, and Shi Long Wang. "The Application of Spectrum Inversion Based on Genetic Algorithm to Recognition of Thin Layer." Applied Mechanics and Materials 738-739 (March 2015): 405–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.738-739.405.
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Spectrum inversion method based on genetic algorithm (GA) is a kind of optimization methods for improving seismic data resolution, compared with the spectrum inversion based on conjugate gradient method,GA does not require a good starting model but rather a search space.In this paper, this algorithm is first proposed, and applied to thin layer identification,base on the resolution of odd and even component of reflection coefficient in thin layer,derive the spectrum inversion objective function, briefly describe the principle of genetic algorithm, finally in the wedge model and actual data for trial. According to the result, spectrum inversion method based on genetic algorithm can improve the ability of thin layer identification to a certain extent, improve the resolution of the seismic exploration.
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Di, Chun Yu, Zhi Hong Qian, Mo Lin Wang, Qian Li, and Shuang Zhu. "A Fast Algorithm for Anti-Collision in RFID System." Advanced Materials Research 791-793 (September 2013): 1149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.791-793.1149.
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This paper proposes a fast query tree-based (FQT) algorithm for anti-collision in RFID system. Tags to be identified would be grouped by a reader randomly at beginning, and the reader identifies a group of tags and records the quantity of tags. Then reckons the number of all tags and carries out optimized group again. In identification process, the prefix of queries would add two bits in odd rounds, and one bit in even rounds. The results of analysis and simulation show that FQT algorithm can obtain the better performance than QT algorithm.
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Callaghan, Amy V., Meghan Tierney, Craig D. Phelps, and L. Y. Young. "Anaerobic Biodegradation of n-Hexadecane by a Nitrate-Reducing Consortium." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75, no. 5 (December 29, 2008): 1339–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02491-08.
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ABSTRACT Nitrate-reducing enrichments, amended with n-hexadecane, were established with petroleum-contaminated sediment from Onondaga Lake. Cultures were serially diluted to yield a sediment-free consortium. Clone libraries and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of 16S rRNA gene community PCR products indicated the presence of uncultured alpha- and betaproteobacteria similar to those detected in contaminated, denitrifying environments. Cultures were incubated with H34-hexadecane, fully deuterated hexadecane (d 34-hexadecane), or H34-hexadecane and NaH13CO3. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of silylated metabolites resulted in the identification of [H29]pentadecanoic acid, [H25]tridecanoic acid, [1-13C]pentadecanoic acid, [3-13C]heptadecanoic acid, [3-13C]10-methylheptadecanoic acid, and d 27-pentadecanoic, d 25-, and d 2 4-tridecanoic acids. The identification of these metabolites suggests a carbon addition at the C-3 position of hexadecane, with subsequent β-oxidation and transformation reactions (chain elongation and C-10 methylation) that predominantly produce fatty acids with odd numbers of carbons. Mineralization of [1-14C]hexadecane was demonstrated based on the recovery of 14CO2 in active cultures.
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Grossi, Vincent, Cristiana Cravo-Laureau, Alain Méou, Danielle Raphel, Frédéric Garzino, and Agnès Hirschler-Réa. "Anaerobic 1-Alkene Metabolism by the Alkane- and Alkene-Degrading Sulfate Reducer Desulfatibacillum aliphaticivorans Strain CV2803T." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73, no. 24 (October 26, 2007): 7882–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01097-07.
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ABSTRACT The alkane- and alkene-degrading, marine sulfate-reducing bacterium Desulfatibacillum aliphaticivorans strain CV2803T, known to oxidize n-alkanes anaerobically by fumarate addition at C-2, was investigated for its 1-alkene metabolism. The total cellular fatty acids of this strain were predominantly C-(even number) (C-even) when it was grown on C-even 1-alkenes and predominantly C-(odd number) (C-odd) when it was grown on C-odd 1-alkenes. Detailed analyses of those fatty acids by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after 6- to 10-week incubations allowed the identification of saturated 2- and 4-ethyl-, 2- and 4-methyl-, and monounsaturated 4-methyl-branched fatty acids with chain lengths that correlated with those of the 1-alkene. The growth of D. aliphaticivorans on (per)deuterated 1-alkenes provided direct evidence of the anaerobic transformation of these alkenes into the corresponding 1-alcohols and into linear as well as 10- and 4-methyl-branched fatty acids. Experiments performed with [13C]bicarbonate indicated that the initial activation of 1-alkene by the addition of inorganic carbon does not occur. These results demonstrate that D. aliphaticivorans metabolizes 1-alkene by the oxidation of the double bond at C-1 and by the subterminal addition of organic carbon at both ends of the molecule [C-2 and C-(ω-1)]. The detection of ethyl-branched fatty acids from unlabeled 1-alkenes further suggests that carbon addition also occurs at C-3. Alkylsuccinates were not observed as potential initial intermediates in alkene metabolism. Based on our observations, the first pathways for anaerobic 1-alkene metabolism in an anaerobic bacterium are proposed. Those pathways indicate that diverse initial reactions of 1-alkene activation can occur simultaneously in the same strain of sulfate-reducing bacterium.
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Brito, Alexandro G., Elder M. Hemerly, and Waldemar C. Leite Filho. "On the Relation between NARX Clusters and Even/Odd Nonlinearities through Frequency-Domain Analysis." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/650737.
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Although polynomial NARX models have been intensively used in nonlinear system identification, few papers discussed how to relate the inner nonlinearities to specific types of clusters and regressors. The objective of this paper is to discuss this relationship for a class of systems that contain even or odd nonlinearities. This class covers block-structured models (Hammerstein, Wiener, and others) and systems with dynamic nonlinearities. To achieve the paper’s aim, a deep frequency-domain analysis is performed. For each type of nonlinearity, all the NARX clusters are investigated and the results show that each regressor type provides specific nonlinear contribution. The investigation is based on an output power spectra analysis when a specific multisinusoidal excitation is applied. According to the spectral contributions in some of the frequency lines, the nonlinearity classification is possible. By applying the same procedure to the clusters, one interprets how these clusters can (or not) contribute to explain the system nonlinearity. The paper findings have two major impacts: (i) one gains deep knowledge on how the nonlinearities are coded by the clusters, and (ii) this information can be used, for instance, to aid a structure selection procedure (ERR, term clustering, etc.) during the discarding of the clusters which are not able to explain the system nonlinear behavior. Some practical and experimental aspects are discussed, while numerical examples are presented to show the validity of the theoretical analysis.
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Frenda, Antonino, Silvia Soldano, and Patrizia Borlizzi. "Ruins: living heritage." Protection of Cultural Heritage, no. 10 (February 22, 2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/odk.2449.
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Ruins are representative of European values and illustrative of European history and heritage and our aim should be to raise awareness of this heritage in order to create a stronger identification with Europe and a further European integration as well.
While people are living in and around World Heritage sites, their role in heritage processes and management has changed considerably.
Nowadays we must connect the conservation goals with the objective of smart, inclusive and sustainable growth. Local communities must be encouraged to use their local cultural assets as a springboard through a process whereby local actors, are encouraged to assume an active stewardship over the heritage and are empowered develop that heritage in a responsible, profitable and sustainable manner.
In their evocative and fascinating image, ruins must be returned to the contemporary life from which they often appear, instead, dramatically separated.
Interventions on ruins appear difficult and risky, on the boundary line between archaeological and architectural restoration.
The contemporary architectural interventions on the ruin oscillate from conservation to reintegration, up to the absolute extremism consisting in the reconstruction, considered acceptable and suitable only if based on the contemporary design that, from the knowledge of the history, leads to a creative and modern form and image of the architectural work.
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Pillai, Manju M., Ragunathan Latha, and Gautam Sarkar. "Detection of Methicillin Resistance in Staphylococcus Aureus by Polymerase Chain Reaction and Conventional Methods: A Comparative Study." Journal of Laboratory Physicians 4, no. 02 (July 2012): 083–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0974-2727.105587.
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ABSTRACT Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major nosocomial pathogen worldwide, which has emerged over the past 30 years as a leading cause of both nosocomial and community-acquired infections. Accurate and rapid identification of MRSA in clinical specimens is essential for timely decision on effective antimicrobial chemotherapy. Aim: The present study was conducted to compare two conventional phenotypic methods, oxacillin disk diffusion (ODD) Aim: The present study was conducted to compare two conventional phenotypic methods, oxacillin disk diffusion (ODD) method and mannitol salt agar (MSA) with oxacillin, with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for mecA gene (as standard). Materials and Methods: A total of 165 consecutive clinical isolates of S. aureus received at the Department of Microbiology in our tertiary care teaching hospital were included in the study. All the isolates were subjected to ODD (1 μg) method, culture in MSA with oxacillin, and PCR for mecA gene. Results: The sensitivity and specificity of ODD test were found to be 93.5% (86.4-97.3%) and 83.5% (79.2-85.8%), respectively, and that of MSA with oxacillin were found to be 87.1% (79.5-92.3%) and 89.3% (84.8-92.5%), respectively. The time taken for diagnosing MRSA by conventional methods is 48-72 h, which is more as compared to PCR which takes 18-24 h. Conclusion: This study recommends advocating PCR for mecA gene on a regular basis for detecting methicillin resistance in S. aureus isolates isolated from sterile body fluids or from special units such as intensive care units.
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Khan, Md Abbas Ali, Mohammad Hanif Ali, Fazlul Haque, and Md Tarek Habib. "A machine learning approach for driver identification." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 30, no. 1 (April 1, 2023): 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v30.i1.pp276-288.
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Driver identification is a momentous field of modern decorated vehicles in the perspective of the controller area network (CAN-Bus). Many conventional systems are used to identify the driver. One step ahead, most of the researchers use sensor data of CAN-Bus but there are some difficulties because of the variation of a protocol of different models of vehicle. We aim to identify the driver through supervised learning algorithms based on driving behavior analysis. To identify the driver, a driver verification technique is proposed that evaluate driving pattern using the measurement of CAN sensor data. In this paper on-board diagnostic (OBD-II) is used to capture the data from CAN-Bus sensor and the sensors are listed under SAE J1979 statement. According to the service of OBD-II drive identification is possible. However, we have gained two types of accuracy on a full data set with 10 drivers and a partial data set with two drivers. The accuracy is good with less number of drivers compared to a higher number of drivers. We have achieved statistically significant results in terms of accuracy in contrast to the baseline algorithm.
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Wen, Fur-Hsing, Chen Hsiu Chen, Wen-Chi Chou, Jen-Shi Chen, Wen-Cheng Chang, Chia-Hsun Hsieh, and Siew Tzuh Tang. "Evaluating if an Advance Care Planning Intervention Promotes Do-Not-Resuscitate Orders by Facilitating Accurate Prognostic Awareness." Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network 18, no. 12 (December 2020): 1658–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.6004/jnccn.2020.7601.
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Background: Issuing do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders has seldom been an outcome in randomized clinical trials of advance care planning (ACP) interventions. The aim of this study was to examine whether an ACP intervention facilitating accurate prognostic awareness (PA) for patients with advanced cancer was associated with earlier use of DNR orders. Patients and Methods: Participants (n=460) were randomly assigned 1:1 to the experimental and control arms, with 392 deceased participants constituting the final sample of this secondary analysis study. Participants in the intervention and control arms had each received an intervention tailored to their readiness for ACP/prognostic information and symptom-management education, respectively. Effectiveness in promoting a DNR order by facilitating accurate PA was determined by intention-to-treat analysis using multivariate logistic regression with hierarchical linear modeling. Results: At enrollment in the ACP intervention and before death, 9 (4.6%) and 8 (4.1%) participants and 168 (85.7%) and 164 (83.7%) participants in the experimental and control arms, respectively, had issued a DNR order, without significant between-arm differences. However, participants in the experimental arm with accurate PA were significantly more likely than participants in the control arm without accurate PA to have issued a DNR order before death (adjusted odds ratio, 2.264; 95% CI, 1.036–4.951; P=.041). Specifically, participants in the experimental arm who first reported accurate PA 31 to 90 days before death were significantly more likely than their counterparts in the control arm who reported accurate PA to have issued a DNR order in the next wave of assessment (adjusted odds ratio, 13.365; 95% CI, 1.989–89.786; P=.008). Both arms issued DNR orders close to death (median, 5–6 days before death). Conclusions: Our ACP intervention did not promote the overall presence of a DNR order. However, our intervention facilitated the issuance of NDR orders before death among patients with accurate PA, especially those who reported accurate PA 31 to 90 days before death, but it did not facilitate the issuance of DNR orders earlier than their counterparts in the control arm.ClinicalTrial.gov Identification: NCT01912846
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Riehm, Kira E., Calliope Holingue, Emily J. Smail, Arie Kapteyn, Daniel Bennett, Johannes Thrul, Frauke Kreuter, et al. "Trajectories of Mental Distress Among U.S. Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic." Annals of Behavioral Medicine 55, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/abm/kaaa126.
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Abstract Background Cross-sectional studies have found that the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has negatively affected population-level mental health. Longitudinal studies are necessary to examine trajectories of change in mental health over time and identify sociodemographic groups at risk for persistent distress. Purpose To examine the trajectories of mental distress between March 10 and August 4, 2020, a key period during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Participants included 6,901 adults from the nationally representative Understanding America Study, surveyed at baseline between March 10 and 31, 2020, with nine follow-up assessments between April 1 and August 4, 2020. Mixed-effects logistic regression was used to examine the association between date and self-reported mental distress (measured with the four-item Patient Health Questionnaire) among U.S. adults overall and among sociodemographic subgroups defined by sex, age, race/ethnicity, household structure, federal poverty line, and census region. Results Compared to March 11, the odds of mental distress among U.S. adults overall were 1.84 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.65–2.07) times higher on April 1 and 1.92 (95% CI = 1.62–2.28) times higher on May 1; by August 1, the odds of mental distress had returned to levels comparable to March 11 (odds ratio [OR] = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.66–0.96). Females experienced a sharper increase in mental distress between March and May compared to males (females: OR = 2.29, 95% CI = 1.85–2.82; males: OR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.15–2.02). Conclusions These findings highlight the trajectory of mental health symptoms during an unprecedented pandemic, including the identification of populations at risk for sustained mental distress.
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Duda-Sobczak, Anna, Aleksandra Araszkiewicz, Magdalena Urbas, Lukasz Borucki, Katarzyna Kulas, Maciej Chudzinski, Aleksandra Suwalska, and Dorota Zozulinska-Ziolkiewicz. "Impaired olfactory function is related to the presence of neuropathy in adults with type 1 diabetes." Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research 14, no. 2 (January 20, 2017): 139–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1479164116679079.
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Introduction: Olfactory dysfunction is suggested to be a clinical manifestation of central diabetic neuropathy. The aim of the study was to assess olfactory function in adult patients with type 1 diabetes. Materials and methods: A total of 106 patients with type 1 diabetes and 30 healthy subjects were included in the study. We evaluated the metabolic control of diabetes and the presence of chronic complications. Olfactory function was assessed with Sniffin’ Sticks. Results: We found a negative correlation between olfactory identification scores and body mass index ( Rs −0.2; p = 0.04) and triglycerides ( Rs = −0.2; p = 0.04). We showed lower olfactory identification scores in neuropathy group versus non-neuropathy group [8 (interquartile range, 7–9) vs 10 (interquartile range, 9–11) points; p = 0.005]. In multivariate linear regression, impaired olfaction was independently associated with neuropathy (beta, −0.3; p = 0.005). In multivariate logistic regression, diabetes duration (odds ratio, 1.06; 95% confidence interval, 1.00–1.11; p = 0.04) and olfactory identification score (odds ratio, 0.61; 95% confidence interval, 0.43–0.85; p = 0.003) were independently associated with neuropathy. Conclusion: Olfactory dysfunction is observed in patients with type 1 diabetes and diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
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Harris, J. Kirk, Scott T. Kelley, and Norman R. Pace. "New Perspective on Uncultured Bacterial Phylogenetic Division OP11." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 2 (February 2004): 845–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.2.845-849.2004.
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ABSTRACT Organisms belonging to the OP11 candidate phylogenetic division of Bacteria have been detected only in rRNA-based sequence surveys of environmental samples. Preliminary studies indicated that such organisms represented by the sequences are abundant and widespread in nature and highly diverse phylogenetically. In order to document more thoroughly the phylogenetic breadth and environmental distribution of this diverse group of organisms, we conducted further molecular analyses on environmental DNAs. Using PCR techniques and primers directed toward each of the five described subdivisions of OP11, we surveyed 17 environmental DNAs and analyzed rRNA gene sequences in 27 clonal libraries from 14 environments. Ninety-nine new and unique sequences were determined completely, and approximately 200 additional clones were subjected to partial sequencing. Extensive phylogenetic comparisons of the new sequences to those representing other bacterial divisions further resolved the phylogeny of the bacterial candidate division OP11 and identified two new candidate bacterial divisions, OP11-derived 1 (OD1) and Sulphur River 1 (SR1). The widespread environmental distribution of representatives of the bacterial divisions OD1, OP11, and SR1 suggests potentially conspicuous biogeochemical roles for these organisms in their respective environments. The information on environmental distribution offers clues for attempts to culture landmark representatives of these novel bacterial divisions, and the sequences are specific molecular signatures that provide for their identification in other contexts.
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Sun, Rui Rui, Xiao Ling Wang, Xue Fei Ao, and Wei Ping Guo. "Study on Estimating Failure Probability of Earth-Rock Dams." Advanced Materials Research 594-597 (November 2012): 1957–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.594-597.1957.
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Dam safety based on risk analysis methodologies demands risk quantification of the earth-rock dam project, and estimation on the failure probability of earth-rock dams is a major concern in the dam safety management. Due to numerous uncertainties, structures of the reservoir are involved leading to risks that may finally cause dam failure. The risk identification was firstly investigated according to the actual project. Subsequently, method of expertise was presented to estimate odds of the presence of each link in dam failure modes quantitatively. The reservoir composed of several dams in South China was taken as a case. The failure probabilities of each dam were obtained and results showed that risk of No.5 dam was relatively higher in all the dams. The research is of great significance to the dam safety management.
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Himsworth, Chelsea G., David M. Patrick, Sunny Mak, Claire M. Jardine, Patrick Tang, and J. Scott Weese. "Carriage of Clostridium difficile by Wild Urban Norway Rats (Rattus norvegicus) and Black Rats (Rattus rattus)." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 80, no. 4 (December 6, 2013): 1299–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.03609-13.
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ABSTRACTClostridium difficileis an important cause of enteric infections in humans. Recently, concerns have been raised regarding whether animals could be a source ofC. difficilespores. Although colonization has been identified in a number of domestic species, the ability of commensal pests to serve as a reservoir forC. difficilehas not been well investigated. The objective of this study was to determine whether urban rats (Rattusspp.) from Vancouver, Canada, carryC. difficile.Clostridium difficilewas isolated from the colon contents of trapped rats and was characterized using ribotyping, toxinotyping, and toxin gene identification. Generalized linear mixed models and spatial analysis were used to characterize the ecology ofC. difficilein rats.Clostridium difficilewas isolated from 95 of 724 (13.1%) rats, although prevalence differed from 0% to 46.7% among city blocks. The odds of beingC. difficilepositive decreased with increasing weight (odds ratio [OR], 0.67; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.53 to 0.87), suggesting that carriage is more common in younger animals. The strains isolated included 9 ribotypes that matched recognized international designations, 5 identified by our laboratory in previous studies, and 21 “novel” ribotypes. Some strains were clustered geographically; however, the majority were dispersed throughout the study area, supporting environmental sources of exposure and widespread environmental contamination with a variety ofC. difficilestrains. Given that urban rats are the source of a number of other pathogens responsible for human morbidity and mortality, the potential for rats to be a source ofC. difficilefor humans deserves further consideration.
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Iguban, Eleonore B., and Milagros H. Arroyo. "Identification of Eyes At Risk for Severe Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) by Third Year Ophthalmology Residents in a Tertiary Hospital." Journal of Ophthalmic Science 2, no. 1 (August 7, 2018): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.14302/issn-2470-0436.jos-18-2222.
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Objective: The aim of the present study is to determine the efficiency of third year ophthalmology residents from a tertiary hospital in performing preliminary retinal examination to identify eyes at risk retinopathy of prematurity on the basis of retinal fundus findings up to International Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity (ICROP) Zone II. Methods: This is a single-center, cross-sectional, prospective comparative research conducted from June to October 2015 at a tertiary training hospital in the Philippines. All infants referred for retinopathy of prematurity screening within the study period where included. The presence of retinal vessel dilatation and tortuosity were identified by third year ophthalmology residents using indirect funduscopy. The residents’ fundus findings were then compared to that of a retina consultant who is proficient in the diagnosis and management of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). The Kappa index was used to rate inter-observer agreement. The correlation between ROP risk factors and the presence of abnormal retinal vessels were assessed using odd ratio computations. Fisher’s exact test was used to determine the correlation between retinopathy of prematurity and the presence of retinal dilatation and tortuosity. The McNemar’s test was also applied to determine significant differences in the retinal findings of the consultant and ophthalmology residents. Results: A total of 82 eyes of 41 premature infants were evaluated to determine if retinal findings observed by ophthalmology residents were comparable to that of a retina consultant. Odds ratios show that age of gestation, birth weight, and history of blood transfusion are significantly associated with the presence of retinopathy of prematurity. Retinal vessel tortuosity and dilatation are also more common among infants diagnosed with retinopathy of prematurity. There was no significant difference between the retinal vascular findings of the retina consultant and the third year ophthalmology resident in terms of identifying retinal vessel dilatation and tortuosity (P < 0.05). Conclusion: After sufficient and in-depth ophthalmology training, third year ophthalmologists, who will be general ophthalmologists in the future, can reliably identify eyes at risk for severe retinopathy of prematurity on the basis of retinal vascular dilatation and/or tortuosity.
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Carneiro, Juliana Margarida, and Rosangela Bertelli. "Negative Reinforcement, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), and Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP) Strategies: A Narrative Review of Literature." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 9, no. 2 (February 19, 2022): 168–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.92.11766.
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Clinical evidence has increasingly shown that Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) can be effectively treated through psychotherapeutic interventions. Considering that there currently is a high diversity of psychotherapeutic interventions, how can health professionals decide on which strategies to use? What are the characteristics of the strategies effectively applied to treat OCD? The aim of the present review of clinical reports was to provide an overview of strategies employed in the psychotherapeutic treatment of OCD. The bibliographic research carried out through the Online Library of Knowledge (B-on) allowed for the identification of 23 publications that met the inclusion criteria for the present narrative review of the literature. Results revealed that amongst several strategies derived from the cognitive-behavioural model of learning, Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP) strategies applied in order to extinguish behaviours shaped by negative reinforcement directed many health professionals' attention.
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Garza-Veloz, Idalia, Margarita L. Martinez-Fierro, Jose Carlos Jaime-Perez, Karol Carrillo-Sanchez, Maria Guadalupe Ramos-Del Hoyo, Angel Lugo-Trampe, Augusto Rojas-Martinez, et al. "Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes Associated with Prognosis of B Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia." Disease Markers 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/828145.
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Background.Acute lymphoblastic leukemia type B (B-ALL) is a neoplastic disorder with high mortality rates. The aim of this study was to validate the expression profile of 45 genes associated with signaling pathways involved in leukemia and to evaluate their association with the prognosis of B-ALL.Methods.219 samples of peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from 73 B-ALL patients were studied at diagnosis, four, and eight weeks after starting treatment. Gene expression was analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.Results.Normalized delta Cq values of 23 genes showed differences between B-ALL and controls at diagnosis time (Pvalues < 0.05). There were significant associations between B-ALL patients relapse/death and the expression levels of IL2RA, SORT1, DEFA1, and FLT3 genes at least in one of the times evaluated (Pvalues < 0.05 and odds ratio ranges: 3.73–27). The association between FLT3 deregulation and relapse/death was a constant in the times studied and their overexpression significantly increased the odds of relapse/death in a range of 3.73 and 6.05 among study population (Pvalues < 0.05).Conclusions.Overexpression of FLT3 and DEFA1 genes retained independent prognostic significance for B-ALL outcome, reflected as increased risks of relapse/death among the study population.
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Yan, Yu-Cheng, and Jin-Cai Fan. "Identification and functional analyses of a novel FOXL2 pathogenic variant causing blepharophimosis, ptosis, and epicanthus inversus syndrome." International Journal of Ophthalmology 16, no. 5 (May 18, 2023): 680–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.18240/ijo.2023.05.02.
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AIM: To discover the molecular pathogenic basis of the blepharophimosis, ptosis, and epicanthus inversus syndrome (BPES), and to predict the clinical subtype according to in vitro experiments, which is significant to the prognosis. METHODS: A 3-year-old sporadic female patient with typical clinical manifestations of BPES was enrolled. The coding region of forkhead box L2 (FOXL2) gene was sequenced, and the functional assays were performed in vitro by Western blotting, subcellular localization experiment, luciferase reporter assay, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: A novel FOXL2 point pathogenic variant (c.274G>T) was detected, resulting in a truncated protein (p.E92*). Functional studies demonstrated that the FOXL2 pathogenic variant induced the subcellular mislocalization and the abnormal transcriptional activity on promoters of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR or STARD1) gene and the odd-skipped related 2 transcription factor (OSR2) gene. CONCLUSION: A novel pathogenic variant is identified to expand the spectrum of the known FOXL2 mutations. The in vitro experiments provide reference data and more insights to the molecular pathogenesis of BPES. The predicted high risk of ovarian insufficiency makes it significant for the patient enrolled to have further follow-up and therapy concerning female endocrinology.
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Kim, Won-Young, Eun Suk Jeong, Insu Kim, and Kwangha Lee. "Clinical Utility of Rapid Pathogen Identification for Detecting the Causative Organisms in Sepsis: A Single-Center Study in Korea." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology 2018 (August 27, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1698241.
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Purpose. The aim of this pre- and postintervention cohort study was evaluating how effectively rapid pathogen identification with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) detected the causative organisms in sepsis.Methods. All consecutive adult patients who had bacteremia within 72 h of intensive care unit admission and met ≥2 quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment criteria at intensive care unit admission were analyzed. The patients whose microorganisms were identified via MALDI-TOF MS between March 2014 and February 2016 formed the postintervention group. The patients whose microorganisms were identified by using conventional methods between March 2011 and February 2013 formed the preintervention group.Results. The postintervention group (n=58) had a shorter mean time from blood draw to receiving the antimicrobial susceptibility results than the preintervention group (n=40) (90.2 ± 32.1 vs. 108.7 ± 43.1 h;p=0.02). The postintervention group was also more likely to have received active antimicrobial therapy by the time the susceptibility report became available (77% vs. 47%;p=0.005). Its 28-day mortality was also lower (40% vs. 70%;p=0.003). Univariate analysis showed that identification via MALDI-TOF MS (odds ratio, 0.28; 95% confidence interval, 0.12–0.66;p=0.004) and active therapy (odds ratio, 0.38; 95% confidence interval, 0.16–0.95;p=0.04) were associated with lower 28-day mortality.Conclusion. Rapid microorganism identification via MALDI-TOF MS followed by appropriate antimicrobial therapy may improve the clinical outcomes of patients with sepsis.
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Jiao, Yang, Fajin Dong, Hui Wang, Lei Zhang, Jinfeng Xu, Jing Zheng, Haibo Fan, Hanjing Gan, Lixin Chen, and Min Li. "Shear wave elastography imaging for detecting malignant lesions of the liver: a systematic review and pooled meta-analysis." Medical Ultrasonography 19, no. 1 (January 31, 2017): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.11152/mu-925.
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Aim: To investigate the clinical utility of shear wave elastography (SWE) imaging in the identification of malignant and benign lesions of the liver lesions by conducting a meta-analysis. Material and methods: The Cochrane library, Embase and Pubmed were searched for relevant studies with publication data through February 2016. Studies evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of SWE in the identification of malignant and benign lesions of the liver using SWE technology were selected. The cytology, histology or clinical imaging was used as the reference standard. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio, likelihood ratio, and the area under hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic curve (HSROC) were used to examine the diagnostic accuracy. Results: A total of 9 cohort studies involving 1046 liver lesions (malignant 679) from 968 patients were identified. All of the 9 studies were prospective studies. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, and diagnostic odds ratio of SWE in differentiating malignant and benign liver lesions were 82.2% (95% CI: 73.4–88.5), 80.2% (95% CI: 73.3–85.7), 4.159 (95% CI: 2.899–5.966), 0.222 (95% CI: 0.140–0.352), and 18.749 (95% CI: 8.746–40.195), respectively. The area under the HSROC curve was 87% (95% CI: 84–90). Conclusions: This meta-analysis indicates that SWE is useful in evaluating the stiffness of liver lesions and in differentiating between malignant and benign lesions. Due to the high sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio, SWE can be considered as a useful complement to conventional ultrasonography.
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Yen, Chi-Hua, Po-Sheng Chang, Yu-Hsun Chang, and Ping-Ting Lin. "Identification of Coenzyme Q10 and Skeletal Muscle Protein Biomarkers as Potential Factors to Assist in the Diagnosis of Sarcopenia." Antioxidants 11, no. 4 (April 6, 2022): 725. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11040725.
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The aim of this study was to explore the use of coenzyme Q10 and skeletal muscle protein biomarkers in the diagnosis of sarcopenia. Subjects with or without sarcopenia were recruited. The anthropometric, muscle strength and endurance measurements were assessed. Muscle proteins (albumin and creatine kinase), myokines (irisin and myostatin), and the coenzyme Q10 level were measured. Approximately half of the subjects suffered from a low coenzyme Q10 concentration (<0.5 μM). The levels of creatinine kinase and irisin were significantly lower in subjects with sarcopenia (p ≤ 0.05). In receiver operating characteristic analyses, irisin and creatine kinase showed a better prediction capability for sarcopenia (area under the curve, irisin: 0.64 vs. creatinine kinase: 0.61) than other biomarkers. Additionally, a low level of irisin (<118.0 ng/mL, odds ratio, 6.46, p < 0.01), creatine kinase (<69.5 U/L, odds ratio, 3.31, p = 0.04), or coenzyme Q10 (<0.67 μM, odds ratio, 9.79, p < 0.01) may increase the risk for sarcopenia even after adjusting for confounders. Since the levels of coenzyme Q10 and muscle biomarkers, such as irisin and creatine kinase, are associated with sarcopenia, we suggest they could be used as candidate markers to assist in the diagnosis of sarcopenia.
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Boggs, Callie, Kidus Shiferawe, Eckhardt Karsten, Jayden Hamlet, S. Travis Altheide, and Jason W. Marion. "Evaluation of a Tetracycline-Resistant E. coli Enumeration Method for Correctly Classifying E. coli in Environmental Waters in Kentucky, USA." Pathogens 12, no. 9 (August 28, 2023): 1090. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12091090.
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The global concern over antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and its impact on human health is evident, with approximately 4.95 million annual deaths attributed to antibiotic resistance. Regions with inadequate water, sanitation, and hygiene face challenges in responding to AMR threats. Enteric bacteria, particularly E. coli, are common agents linked to AMR-related deaths (23% of cases). Culture-based methods for detecting tetracycline-resistant E. coli may be of practical value for AMR monitoring in limited resource environments. This study evaluated the ColiGlow™ method with tetracycline for classifying tetracycline-resistant E. coli. A total of 61 surface water samples from Kentucky, USA (2020–2022), provided 61 presumed E. coli isolates, of which 28 isolates were obtained from tetracycline-treated media. Species identification and tetracycline resistance evaluation were performed. It was found that 82% of isolates were E. coli, and 18% were other species; 97% were identified as E. coli when using the API20E identification system. The MicroScan system yielded Enterobacter cloacae false positives in 20% of isolates. Adding tetracycline to ColiGlow increased the odds of isolating tetracycline-resistant E. coli 18-fold. Tetracycline-treated samples yielded 100% tetracycline-resistant E. coli when the total E. coli densities were within the enumeration range of the method. ColiGlow with tetracycline shows promise for monitoring tetracycline-resistant E. coli in natural waters and potentially aiding AMR surveillance in resource-limited settings among other environments.
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Spiroski, Igor, Sashko Kedev, Slobodan Antov, Todor Arsov, Marija Krstevska, Sloboda Dzhekova-Stojkova, Gordana Bosilkova, et al. "Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR-677 and MTHFR-1298) genotypes and haplotypes and plasma homocysteine levels in patients with occlusive artery disease and deep venous thrombosis." Acta Biochimica Polonica 55, no. 3 (September 18, 2008): 587–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.18388/abp.2008_3065.
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The aim was to investigate different genotypes and haplotypes of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR-677, -1298) and plasma concentration of total homocysteine (tHcy) in Macedonian patients with occlusive artery disease (OAD) and deep venous thrombosis (DVT). Investigated groups consists of 80 healthy, 74 patients with OAD, and 63 patients with DVT. Plasma tHcy was measured with Microplate Enzyme Immunoassay. Identification of MTHFR genotypes and haplotypes was done with CVD StripAssay. The probability level (P-value) was evaluated by the Student's t-test. Plasma concentration of tHcy in CC and CT genotypes of MTHFR C677T was significantly increased in patients with OAD and in patients with DVT. Plasma concentration of tHcy in AC genotype of MTHFR A1298C was increased in patients with OAD and in patients with DVT. Plasma concentration of tHcy was significantly increased in AA genotype of patients with OAD, but not in patients with DVT. We found a significant increase of plasma tHcy in patients with OAD in comparison with healthy respondents for normal:heterozygote (CC:AC), heterozygote:normal (CT:AA), and heterozygote:heterozygote (CT:AC) haplotypes. Plasma concentration of tHcy in patients with DVT in comparison with healthy respondents was significantly increased for normal:normal (CC:AA), normal heterozygote (CC:AC), and heterozygote:heterozygote (CT:AC) haplotypes. We conclude that MTHFR C677T and MTHFR A1289C genotypes and haplotypes are connected with tHcy plasma levels in Macedonian patients with OAD and DVT.
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Kumar, Sushil, Manpreet Kaur, Sukhjeet Singh, Jagjit Singh, and A. K. Jain. "Bandhead Energies of npp/pnn Three-Quasiparticle Quadruplets." Universe 9, no. 2 (February 8, 2023): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe9020091.
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Semi-empirical frameworks are widely used in calculating the bandhead energies of three-quasiparticle (3qp) configurations observed in well-deformed odd-A nuclei. In the present study, our aim is to improve the previous version of the semi-empirical model [Physical Review C. 1992, 45(6), 3013]. This is achieved by incorporating the ignored vital contributions owing to the irrotational motion of valance protons/neutrons, diagonal components of particle–particle coupling (ppc), and rotor–particle coupling (rpc) terms. We tested the validity of the improved version of the model by calculating the bandhead energies of twelve 3qp npp/pnn quadruplets observed in 163Er, 171,175,177Lu, 177Ta, and 183Re nuclides. Our new results show better agreement with the experimental data indicating the importance of newly added terms. We strongly expect that the present version of the model will provide support to future experimental campaigns for making configuration assignments to the newly observed 3qp bands and also in the identification of exact Nilsson’s configurations of 3qp quadruplets where experimental data that differentiate among the competing configuration are scarce.
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Villar, Diego, Alicia Vara-Vega, Manuel O. Landázuri, and Luis Del Peso. "Identification of a region on hypoxia-inducible-factor prolyl 4-hydroxylases that determines their specificity for the oxygen degradation domains." Biochemical Journal 408, no. 2 (November 14, 2007): 231–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20071052.
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HIFs [hypoxia-inducible (transcription) factors] are essential for the induction of an adaptive gene expression programme under low oxygen partial pressure. The activity of these transcription factors is mainly determined by the stability of the HIFα subunit, which is regulated, in an oxygen-dependent manner, by a family of three prolyl 4-hydroxylases [EGLN1–EGLN3 (EGL nine homologues 1–3)]. HIFα contains two, N- and C-terminal, independent ODDs (oxygen-dependent degradation domains), namely NODD and CODD, that, upon hydroxylation by the EGLNs, target HIFα for proteasomal degradation. In vitro studies indicate that each EGLN shows a differential preference for ODDs, However, the sequence determinants for such specificity are unknown. In the present study we showed that whereas EGLN1 and EGLN2 acted upon any of these ODDs to regulate HIF1α protein levels and activity in vivo, EGLN3 only acted on the CODD. With the aim of identifying the region within EGLNs responsible for their differential substrate preference, we investigated the activity and binding pattern of different EGLN deletions and chimaeric constructs generated by domain swapping between EGLN1 and EGLN3. These studies revealed a region of 97 residues that was sufficient to confer the characteristic substrate binding observed for each EGLN. Within this region, we identified the minimal sequence (EGLN1 residues 236–252) involved in substrate discrimination. Importantly, mapping of these sequences on the EGLN1 tertiary structure indicates that substrate specificity is determined by a region relatively remote from the catalytic site.
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Fatusin, Afolabi Francis, and Gbenga John Oladehinde. "Implication of ICT use on productivity and regional development planning among small scale enterprises in Ondo state." Agricultural and Resource Economics: International Scientific E-Journal 4, no. 1 (March 20, 2018): 5–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.51599/are.2018.04.01.01.
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One of the reasons often cited for underdevelopment of African cities and regions is low application of smart technology to improve means of production. This often led to inefficiency which is ultimately reflected in space. This paper investigated the level of ICT usage among small scale manufacturing enterprises in Ondo State. The study also investigated intra-regional variations in use of smart technologies in the industrial subsector and compared same across the three regions of the state. A sample of 352 enterprises was taken from three senatorial regions and nine settlements which were purposively sampled and interviewed using questionnaire. The production and operational system of these firms were observed. The data collected were analysed using descriptive and inferential methods. The study established that proportion of ICT users concentrated more in Ondo Central 45.7% than Ondo south (28.7%) and Ondo north (25.6%). It was also discovered that formal small scale enterprises made more use of ICT products, compared with those in the informal sector. Moreover ICT use among enterprises were urban biased as 91.2% of enterprises in this category were located in major towns of Akure, Okitipupa and Ikare, 8.1% in minor towns of Obaile, Ode Aye and Ugbe, with villages of Aponmu Iboropa and Ikoya being relatively insignificant (0.8%). The study established that enterprises that made use of smart technologies tend to be more efficient in terms of production and marketing especially in identification of new markets, networking, subcontracting, security and other linkage benefits. Also, regional industrial development entails not only quantitative growth of industries, but an industry that embrace a new opportunities in innovation, and technology especially in management, record keeping, production, decision making etc.
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Miceli, Giuseppe, Maria Grazia Basso, Giuliana Rizzo, Chiara Pintus, Elena Cocciola, Andrea Roberta Pennacchio, and Antonino Tuttolomondo. "Artificial Intelligence in Acute Ischemic Stroke Subtypes According to Toast Classification: A Comprehensive Narrative Review." Biomedicines 11, no. 4 (April 10, 2023): 1138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11041138.
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The correct recognition of the etiology of ischemic stroke (IS) allows tempestive interventions in therapy with the aim of treating the cause and preventing a new cerebral ischemic event. Nevertheless, the identification of the cause is often challenging and is based on clinical features and data obtained by imaging techniques and other diagnostic exams. TOAST classification system describes the different etiologies of ischemic stroke and includes five subtypes: LAAS (large-artery atherosclerosis), CEI (cardio embolism), SVD (small vessel disease), ODE (stroke of other determined etiology), and UDE (stroke of undetermined etiology). AI models, providing computational methodologies for quantitative and objective evaluations, seem to increase the sensitivity of main IS causes, such as tomographic diagnosis of carotid stenosis, electrocardiographic recognition of atrial fibrillation, and identification of small vessel disease in magnetic resonance images. The aim of this review is to provide overall knowledge about the most effective AI models used in the differential diagnosis of ischemic stroke etiology according to the TOAST classification. According to our results, AI has proven to be a useful tool for identifying predictive factors capable of subtyping acute stroke patients in large heterogeneous populations and, in particular, clarifying the etiology of UDE IS especially detecting cardioembolic sources.
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ZIMOVETS, ALENA I., MAXIM Y. ZOTKIN, ANATOLY D. KHOMONENKO, and EUGENIY L. YAKOVLEV. "IDENTIFICATION OF SPACE OBJECT BASED ON INTEGRATION OF DATA FROM VARIOUS SOURCES AND FUZZY INFERENCE." H&ES Research 12, no. 5 (2020): 4–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.36724/2409-5419-2020-12-5-4-13.
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For monitoring near-earth space, one of the most important tasks of recognizing space objects, which includes subtasks of classification of space objects by type (spacecraft, launch vehicle, elements of launching or functioning of spacecraft, fragments of destruction, etc.) and its identification (nationality, intended purpose, degree of danger, functional state, etc.). The aim of the work is to solve the problem of increasing the efficiency and accuracy of various space objects based on the integration of data obtained from radar, radio engineering, optoelectronic and promising quantum-optical (laser-optical) means and processing them using algorithms of fuzzy inference and / or with using neural networks and fuzzy inference. Domestic and foreign means of monitoring near-earth space are considered, their technical characteristics and comparison are presented. The solution to this problem is justified by important national economic and environmental goals, since most of the space objects in the Earth's orbit are space debris. To solve the problem, a rule base is proposed for fuzzy conclusions of the most appropriate approach for determining various types of objects for given conditions and the composition of space control facilities. In addition, a fuzzy neural network was trained in the ANFIS editor using information and analytical reports from that multi-channel monitoring telescope MMT-9, the structure of the generated fuzzy neural network is shown. Based on the comparison, it is shown that the classification of space objects using neural networks and odd inference is more accurate than with fuzzy inference based on the Mamdani algorithm, but requires long training. It is shown that on the basis of increasing the efficiency of using the modern capabilities of space objects with high recognition accuracy. Conclusions are made about the results of using the use functions, numerical calculations and models in the Matlab environment are presented.
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Disanto, Giulio, Adam E. Handel, Andrea E. Para, Sreeram V. Ramagopalan, and Lahiru Handunnetthi. "Season of birth and anorexia nervosa." British Journal of Psychiatry 198, no. 5 (May 2011): 404–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.110.085944.
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SummaryOur aim was to investigate whether there is a season-of-birth effect in anorexia nervosa. In a meta-analysis, we compared the distribution of anorexia births (n = 1293) from four independent UK cohorts to that of the general UK population (n = 21 914 037), using both the Walter & Elwood seasonality and chi-squared tests. We found an excess of anorexia births from March to June (odds ratio (OR) = 1.15, 95% CI 1.03–1.29, P = 0.012) and a deficit from September to October (OR = 0.8, 95% CI 0.68–0.94, P = 0.007). These results indicate that environmental risk factor(s) are operative during gestation or immediately after birth and their identification will be important for disease prevention strategies.
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Visser, Marjolein, Yung Hung, and Wim Verbeke. "Protein Knowledge of Older Adults and Identification of Subgroups with Poor Knowledge." Nutrients 13, no. 3 (March 20, 2021): 1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13031006.
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The aim was to investigate the protein knowledge of community-dwelling older adults. A survey was conducted among 1825 adults aged ≥65 years and living in Finland, Netherlands, Poland, Spain and United Kingdom in 2017. Protein knowledge was measured with nine objective knowledge statements provided only to participants who indicated to know what the nutrient "protein" is (64.7% of sample). Demographic, socioeconomic and health determinants of poor protein knowledge were investigated using multiple logistic regression analyses. The sample was 49.6% female and 87.0% reported no walking difficulties. Participants scored best on the true statement "You need protein in the diet for repairing bones and muscles" (89.3% correct), and worst on the false statement "One meal per day with a good protein source is sufficient" (25.4% correct). Median knowledge score was 5.0 (scale 0–9) and poor knowledge was present in 49.4% of the sample. Males (Odds Ratio 1.57), those unable to walk for 5 min (2.66), not always making their own food decision (1.36) and having lower income (1.44) were more likely to have poor knowledge. Large differences were observed across countries. In conclusion, poor protein knowledge is present in about half of community-dwelling older adults. Communication strategies should be tailored to target the identified risk groups with poor knowledge.
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Yan, Min. "Identification of Candidate Genes Associated with Postherpetic Neuralgia Susceptibility." Pain Physician 3;23, no. 6;3 (June 14, 2020): E281—E288. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj.2020/23/e281.
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Background: Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is one of the most common complications of herpes zoster (HZ). Heritable factors have been found to play a role in various clinical pain symptoms. However, the effect of gene variability on the susceptibility of PHN remains poorly understood. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether genetic variation in pain pathway genes was associated with PHN susceptibility in the Chinese population. Study Design: Case–control study. Setting: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine in a university hospital. Methods: Seventy patients with PHN and 111 patients with HZ without developing PHN were enrolled. All patients received standardized antiviral agents and analgesics as needed during the acute phase of HZ. Twenty-four candidate genetic polymorphisms in 12 genes (IL1B, SCN9A, KCNK9, TRPV1, P2RX7, HTR1A, HTR2A, ADRB1, ADRB2, BDNF, COMT, and OPRM1) were genotyped in all patients. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify genetic variations associated with PHN susceptibility while controlling for potential confounders. Results: Our results suggested that only variation in P2RX7 gene was associated with PHN susceptibility. The P2RX7 rs7958311 AG heterozygous genotype carriers had a decreased risk for PHN in the overdominant model (odds ratio [OR], 0.40; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.21–0.77; P = 0.005), and codominant model (OR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.20–0.98; P = 0.045). The P2RX7 rs7958311 GG homozygote genotype was associated with an increased risk for PHN under a recessive model (OR, 2.15; 95% CI, 1.01–4.56; P = 0.046). There were no significant associations between the other 23 single-nucleotide polymorphisms and PHN susceptibility. Limitations: Lack of validation cohort to verify the findings. Conclusions: In the present study in the Chinese population, we found purinergic receptor P2X7 rs7958311 may contribute to PHN development after HZ. Future larger independent cohorts are warranted to replicate these initial findings. Key words: Herpes zoster, postherpetic neuralgia, polymorphisms
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Cieślikowski, Bogusław, and Janusz Jakóbiec. "Monitoring of the states of malfunction of the EGR system in TDCi engines fueled with Ekodiesel Ultra and B10 fuel." Combustion Engines 153, no. 2 (May 1, 2013): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-117005.
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The paper discusses the identification of malfunctions in the EGR system based on a list of OBD II error codes. The authors monitored EGR systems of vehicles fitted with DURATORQ TDCi engines. The Analysis of the processes of heat transfer and mass exchange in the engine intake system drew attention to a number of simplifications in the formal description introducing a wide range of tolerance for the instantaneous recirculation rate. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of diesel oil, Ekodiesel Ultra with biocomponents and B10 fuel used for the fueling of diesel engines on the formation of deposits in the EGR system. The analysis was performed in a laboratory utilizing the methods of energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence and infrared spectroscopy.
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Suliga, Edyta, Elzbieta Ciesla, Martyna Głuszek-Osuch, Tomasz Rogula, Stanisław Głuszek, and Dorota Kozieł. "The Usefulness of Anthropometric Indices to Identify the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome." Nutrients 11, no. 11 (October 29, 2019): 2598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11112598.
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Despite several papers having been published on the association between adiposity and the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS), it is still difficult to determine unambiguously which of the indices of nutritional status is the best to identify MetS. The aim of this study was to analyze the ability of six anthropometric indices to identify MetS in the Polish population. The highest odds ratios for the occurrence of MetS, according to International Diabetes Federation (IDF), were noted for the following indices: waist-to-height ratio (WHtR, OR = 24.87) and Clínica Universidad de Navarra-body adiposity estimator (CUN-BAE, OR = 17.47) in men and WHtR (OR = 25.61) and body roundness index (BRI, OR = 16.44) in women. The highest odds ratios for the modified definition of MetS (without waist circumference) were found for the following indices: WHtR (OR = 7.32), BRI (OR = 6.57), and CUN-BAE (OR = 6.12) in women and CUN-BAE (OR = 5.83), WHtR (OR = 5.70), and body mass index (BMI, OR = 5.65) in men (p < 0.001 for all). According to the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analyses conducted for the identification of MetS, defined in accordance with IDF, the largest areas under the curve (AUCs) in men were observed for WHtR and CUN-BAE indices, whereas in women, they were observed for WHtR and BRI. In the analysis carried out for the identification of MetS (according to modified definition, without waist circumference), the AUCs were larger for WHtR and BRI in women, while in men, they were larger for CUN-BAE, BMI, and WHtR. BMI was also characterized by a relatively strong discriminatory power in identifying individuals with MetS. An optimal cut-off point for MetS, in accordance with the conventional definition, for both sexes was the value of BMI = 27.2 kg/m2. The weakest predictor of the syndrome was the ABSI (a body shape index) indicator. The most useful anthropometric indicator for the identification of MetS, both in men and in women in the Polish population, was WHtR. The optimal cut-off points for WHtR equaled 0.56 in men and 0.54 in women.
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Meireles, Mariana Alves, João Golçalves, and João Neves. "Acute Heart Failure Comorbidome: The Impact of Everything Else." Acta Médica Portuguesa 33, no. 2 (February 3, 2020): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.20344/amp.11051.
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Introduction: Heart failure frequently coexists with several comorbidities. Our aim is to evaluate the prognostic role of various comorbidities in the risk of acute heart failure development.Material and Methods: Comorbidities of patients with acute heart failure were, retrospectively, compared to a control group of patients with chronic heart failure admitted to an Internal Medicine unit in a 2-year period. Logistic regression models were constructed to determine their association with acute heart failure and to develop a comorbidome.Results: We identified 229 patients with acute heart failure and 201 patients with chronic heart failure. Age and female gender were higher in acute heart failure group (p < 0.001) as was the number of comorbidities (4.0 ± 3.0 vs 4.0 ± 2.0, p = 0.044). Hyperuricemia (odds ratio 2.46, confidence interval 95% 1.41 - 4.31, p = 0.002), obesity (odds ratio 2.22, confidence interval 95% 1.31 - 3.76, p = 0.003), atrial fibrillation (odds ratio 1.93, confidence interval 95% 1.31 - 2.87, p = 0.001), peripheral artery disease (odds ratio 2.12, confidence interval 95% 1.01 - 4.42, p = 0.046) and chronic kidney disease (odds ratio 2.47, confidence interval 95% 1.65 - 3.71, p < 0.001) were associated with acute heart failure. Obesity, atrial fibrillation, peripheral artery disease and chronic kidney disease were identified as independent risk factors. Patients with multiple comorbidities had a superior risk of hospitalization due to heart failure: zero comorbidities – odds ratio 0.43, 95% confidence interval 0.28 - 0.67, p < 0.001; one comorbidity – odds ratio 0.69, 95% confidence interval 0.47 - 1.01, p = 0.057; two comorbidities – odds ratio 1.85, 95% confidence interval 1.11 - 3.08, p = 0.019; ≥ three comorbidities – odds ratio 5.81, 95% confidence interval 2.77 - 12.16, p < 0.001.Discussion: This study shows an association between several comorbidities and hospital admission due to acute heart failure. The association seems to strengthen in the presence of multiple comorbidities.Conclusion: A comorbidome is a useful tool to identify comorbidities associated with higher risk of acute heart failure. The identification of vulnerable patients may allow multidimensional interventions to minimize future hospital admissions.
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Fabbrocini, G., C. Mazzella, F. Pastore, A. Monfrecola, M. C. Annunziata, M. C. Mauriello, V. D'Arco, C. Marasca, and V. De Vita. "A New Classification and Clinical Predictivity for Some Naevus Variants." ISRN Oncology 2011 (July 14, 2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2011/536752.
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Background. The incidence of cutaneous melanoma is rapidly increasing in Europe. Active research is directed toward the identification of naevi as a risk factor. Objective. The aim of our case-control study was to observe different numbers of moles and different mole typology associations in order to evaluate clinical predictivity and to establish a new classification for some naevus variants. Methods. A case-control study was carried out, enrolling 64 cases affected by melanoma and 183 controls, between October 2009 and February 2011. Each patient was interviewed and subjected to clinical examination. The resulting data were analysed using the statistical elaboration program SPSS 16.0. Results. The association of target naevus with other variants increases the degree of risk (target + small brown Odds Ratio 5.25; confidence interval 1.8–15.4); (target + small brown + small black + large brown odds ratio 5.0; confidence interval 1.1–22.4). Therefore, other variants and/or other variant combinations do not significantly increase risk. Conclusion. People presenting two naevus variants in association with other naevus variants seem to run a major risk. The general nonuniformity of the whole naevus panorama should be carefully considered.
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Zogović, Biljana, Miljan Stašević, and Ivan Radić. "The role of the electrocardiogram in identifying the risk of sudden cardiac death." Praxis medica 50, no. 3-4 (2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/pramed2104001z.
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Introduction: Sudden cardiac death (SCD) represents the unexpected and sudden death of young apparently healthy people. Alarge number of examined cases referred to professional athletes. There is not enough data in the literature related to those who performed sports in a sporadic and recreational manner. In order to prevent SCD, a screening protocol was determined, in which, an ECG performed at rest plays a important role. Based on the established criteria, changes on the ECG can be treated as normal, borderline and abnormal. An abnormal result indicates a risk of SCD. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the risk of SCD in students who practice physical activity recreationally. Methods: The research involved 500 students (both sexes) of the 1st and 3rd year of study on the University of Pristina situated in Kosovska Mitrovica. As part of the regular systematic examination, an ECG was performed at rest. The risk of SCD was determined by analyzing the changes on the ECG and grouping them based on screening recommendations. Results: The obtained results show that 44% of students had changes on the ECG and that 8% of students had an abnormal result indicated a possible risk of sudden cardiac death. Conclusion: Therefore, timely recognizing and interpreting ECG changes in accordance with screening recommendations is an imperative for identification and possible prevention of SCD.
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Ciganoka, Darja, Inga Balcere, Ivo Kapa, Raitis Peculis, Andra Valtere, Liene Nikitina-Zake, Ieva Lase, Helgi B. Schiöth, Valdis Pirags, and Janis Klovins. "Identification of somatostatin receptor type 5 gene polymorphisms associated with acromegaly." European Journal of Endocrinology 165, no. 4 (October 2011): 517–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje-11-0416.
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ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to characterize the genetic variance of somatostatin receptor 5 (SSTR5) and investigate the possible correlation of such variants with acromegaly risk and different disease characteristics.Design and methodsThe SSTR5 gene coding region and 2000 bp upstream region was sequenced in 48 patients with acromegaly and 96 control subjects. Further, three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were analyzed in the same group of acromegaly patients and in an additional group of 475 age- and sex-matched controls.ResultsIn total, 19 SNPs were identified in the SSTR5 gene locus by direct sequencing. Three SNPs (rs34037914, rs169068, and rs642249) were significantly associated with the presence of acromegaly using the initial controls. The allele frequencies were significantly (P<0.01) different between the acromegaly patients and the additional large control group. rs34037914 and rs642249 remained significantly associated with acromegaly after Bonferroni correction and permutation tests (odds ratio (OR)=3.38; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.78–6.42; P=0.00016 and OR=2.41; 95% CI, 1.41–4.13; P=0.0014 respectively). Haplotype reconstruction revealed two possible risk haplotypes determined by rs34037914 (633T) and rs642249 (1044A) alleles. Both haplotypes were found in significantly higher frequency in acromegaly patients compared with controls (P<0.001). In addition, the 663T allele was significantly associated with a younger age of acromegaly diagnosis (unstandardized regression coefficient β=−10.4; P=0.002), increased body mass index (β=4.1; P=0.004), higher number of adenoma resection (P<0.001) and lack of observable tumor shrinkage after somatostatin analog treatment (P=0.014).ConclusionsOur results demonstrate a previously undetected strong association of two SSTR5 SNPs with acromegaly. The data also suggest a possible involvement of SSTR5 variants in decreased suppression of GH production and increased tumor proliferation.
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Perfetti, Vittorio, Giovanni Palladini, Simona Casarini, Valentina Navazza, Paola Rognoni, Laura Obici, Rosangela Invernizzi, Stefano Perlini, Catherine Klersy, and Giampaolo Merlini. "The repertoire of λ light chains causing predominant amyloid heart involvement and identification of a preferentially involved germline gene, IGLV1-44." Blood 119, no. 1 (January 5, 2012): 144–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2011-05-355784.
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Abstract Monoclonal Ig light chains (LC) can be responsible for pathologic conditions in humans, as in systemic amyloid light amyloidosis. Protean clinical manifestations characterize this disorder with the most varied combination of symptoms generated by different degrees of diverse organ involvement. Kidney and heart are most frequently interested, with major heart involvement as the most relevant prognostic factor. The identification of the underlying mechanism involved in organ targeting is of major relevance for the pathobiology of this disorder. To this aim, we characterized the repertoire of variable region germline genes of λ LC preferentially targeting the heart and compared it with the repertoire of LC that do not in a case-control study. We found that the repertoires were highly restricted, showing preferential use of the same few germline genes but with a different frequency pattern. A single gene, IGVL1-44, was found associated with a 5-fold increase in the odds of dominant heart involvement (after adjusting for confounders in a multivariable logistic model). These results support an involvement of LC genetics in the determination of organ targeting. Study of the characteristics of IGVL1-44-LC with, and of the minority without, heart involvement might lead to identification of LC/tissue interactions.
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Riva, Giuseppe, Matteo Sensini, Andrea Corvino, Giancarlo Pecorari, and Massimiliano Garzaro. "Smell and Taste Impairment After Total Laryngectomy." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 126, no. 7 (May 16, 2017): 548–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003489417709794.
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Objective: Aim of this observational study is the evaluation of olfactory and gustatory impairments in laryngectomized long-term survivors compared to control subjects. Correlation between smell and taste alterations, age, and previous adjuvant treatments in laryngectomees was investigated. Methods: Fifty control subjects and 50 patients who underwent total laryngectomy for advanced laryngeal carcinoma were evaluated. All subjects underwent symptoms evaluation, oropharyngeal exam, endoscopic fiberoptic nasal examination, and Taste Strips and Sniffin’ Sticks tests. Results: Hyposmia was reported by all laryngectomees and hypogeusia by 54% of patients. Sniffin’ Sticks and Taste Strips tests demonstrated a statistically significant difference between controls and laryngectomees regarding olfactory threshold, odor discrimination and identification, Threshold Discrimination Identification (TDI) score, and sour, salty, and gustatory Total Taste score ( P < .05). Multivariate analysis for Total Taste score in laryngectomees showed a statistically significant correlation with aging, having an odds ratio of 0.127 for age ≥65 years, but not with TDI score, radiotherapy, and follow-up time, whereas multivariate analysis for TDI score demonstrated no correlation with radiotherapy, age, and follow-up time. Conclusions: Total laryngectomy determines olfactory and gustatory impairments that should be taken into account in clinical practice. Relationships between sensorial alterations, aging, follow-up period, and adjuvant treatments should be further evaluated in prospective studies.
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Gonçalves, Livia Patricia Versiani, Orlando Ayrton Toledo, Ana Cristina Barreto Bezerra, and Soraya Coelho Leal. "Variables associated with bruxism in children and adolescents." ConScientiae Saúde 8, no. 3 (October 29, 2009): 397–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.5585/conssaude.v8i3.1706.
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The aim of the study was to assess the variables associated with bruxism and its prevalence in school children and adolescents. A group of 680 school children of both genders aged 4 -16 years old was randomly selected. Data were gathered by clinical exam and questionnaires filled out by guardians. Statistical analyses were performed by Chi-square test, Odds Ratio and SPSS package. Some factors like heredity, respiratory problems, headaches, difficulty with falling asleep, sleep talking and the schoolchild’s disquiet temperament were associated with bruxism occurrence. Bruxism prevalence was 43%. No gender differences were found. It could be concluded that bruxism seems to play a significant role in the schoolchildren’s quality of life, and thus deserves proper identification. However, additional studies should be conducted by multidisciplinary teams involving sleep medicine, dentistry and psychology, in order to best understand its etiology.
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Hyde, Lisa Lynne, Allison W. Boyes, Lisa J. Mackenzie, Lucy Leigh, Christopher Oldmeadow, Carlos Riveros, and Rob Sanson-Fisher. "Electronic Health Literacy Among Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computed Tomography Medical Imaging Outpatients: Cluster Analysis." Journal of Medical Internet Research 21, no. 8 (August 28, 2019): e13423. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/13423.
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Background Variations in an individual’s electronic health (eHealth) literacy may influence the degree to which health consumers can benefit from eHealth. The eHealth Literacy Scale (eHEALS) is a common measure of eHealth literacy. However, the lack of guidelines for the standardized interpretation of eHEALS scores limits its research and clinical utility. Cut points are often arbitrarily applied at the eHEALS item or global level, which assumes a dichotomy of high and low eHealth literacy. This approach disregards scale constructs and results in inaccurate and inconsistent conclusions. Cluster analysis is an exploratory technique, which can be used to overcome these issues, by identifying classes of patients reporting similar eHealth literacy without imposing data cut points. Objective The aim of this cross-sectional study was to identify classes of patients reporting similar eHealth literacy and assess characteristics associated with class membership. Methods Medical imaging outpatients were recruited consecutively in the waiting room of one major public hospital in New South Wales, Australia. Participants completed a self-report questionnaire assessing their sociodemographic characteristics and eHealth literacy, using the eHEALS. Latent class analysis was used to explore eHealth literacy clusters identified by a distance-based cluster analysis, and to identify characteristics associated with class membership. Results Of the 268 eligible and consenting participants, 256 (95.5%) completed the eHEALS. Consistent with distance-based findings, 4 latent classes were identified, which were labeled as low (21.1%, 54/256), moderate (26.2%, 67/256), high (32.8%, 84/256), and very high (19.9%, 51/256) eHealth literacy. Compared with the low class, participants who preferred to receive a lot of health information reported significantly higher odds of moderate eHealth literacy (odds ratio 16.67, 95% CI 1.67-100.00; P=.02), and those who used the internet at least daily reported significantly higher odds of high eHealth literacy (odds ratio 4.76, 95% CI 1.59-14.29; P=.007). Conclusions The identification of multiple classes of eHealth literacy, using both distance-based and latent class analyses, highlights the limitations of using the eHEALS global score as a dichotomous measurement tool. The findings suggest that eHealth literacy support needs vary in this population. The identification of low and moderate eHealth literacy classes indicate that the design of eHealth resources should be tailored to patients’ varying levels of eHealth literacy. eHealth literacy improvement interventions are needed, and these should be targeted based on individuals’ internet use frequency and health information amount preferences.
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Girmay, Goitom, Teklemariam Gultie, Gebrekiros Gebremichael, Bezawit Afework, and Gebremariam Temesgen. "Determinants of uterine rupture among mothers who gave birth in Jinka and Arba Minch General Hospitals, institution-based case–control study, Southern Ethiopia, Ethiopia, 2019." Women's Health 16 (January 2020): 174550652096172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1745506520961722.
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Background: Uterine rupture is a major public health problem in low-income countries including Ethiopia. In Ethiopia, its prevalence is low, but it results in devastative health problems of the mother and her baby. Even though the Ethiopian government and nongovernmental organizations tried to strengthen the health care system, significant adverse maternal and fetal outcome is still associated with uterine rupture. The aim of this study was to identify determinants of uterine rupture in Jinka and Arba Minch General Hospitals. Methods: The study was conducted in Jinka and Arba Minch General Hospitals, and the data collection period was 15 to 30 November 2018. A case–control study design was used with simple random sampling of 1:4. Data were collected using data extraction sheets. Variables with p < 0.25 in bivariate logistic regression were entered into multivariable logistic regression. Variables with p < 0.05 in multivariable logistic regression were used to determine significant association between dependent and independent variables. Result: Uterine rupture occurred in 112 cases with 448 controls. Women referred from health facilities (adjusted odds ratio = 8.0, 95% confidence interval: 3.5–17.8), multiparous women (adjusted odds ratio = 12.7, 95% confidence interval: 4.2–39.0), duration of labor more than 18 h (adjusted odds ratio = 11.5, 95% confidence interval: 5.5–24.1), malpresentation (adjusted odds ratio = 3.5, 95% confidence interval: 1.0–8.0) and gestational age of ⩾37 weeks (adjusted odds ratio = 5.2, 95% confidence interval: 1.4–19.3) were independent factors associated with uterine rupture. Conclusion: Mothers referred from health facilities, multiparous women, duration of labor more than 18 h, gestational age of ⩾37 weeks and malpresentation were significantly associated with uterine rupture. Early referral, encouraging family planning, proper use of partograph, early identification and appropriate intervention for malpresentation are recommended.
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Jalili, Nader, Mohsen Dadfarnia, and Darren M. Dawson. "A Fresh Insight Into the Microcantilever-Sample Interaction Problem in Non-Contact Atomic Force Microscopy." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 126, no. 2 (June 1, 2004): 327–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1767852.
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The atomic force microscope (AFM) system has evolved into a useful tool for direct measurements of intermolecular forces with atomic-resolution characterization that can be employed in a broad spectrum of applications. The non-contact AFM offers unique advantages over other contemporary scanning probe techniques such as contact AFM and scanning tunneling microscopy, especially when utilized for reliable measurements of soft samples (e.g., biological species). Current AFM imaging techniques are often based on a lumped-parameters model and ordinary differential equation (ODE) representation of the micro-cantilevers coupled with an adhoc method for atomic interaction force estimation (especially in non-contact mode). Since the magnitude of the interaction force lies within the range of nano-Newtons to pica-Newtons, precise estimation of the atomic force is crucial for accurate topographical imaging. In contrast to the previously utilized lumped modeling methods, this paper aims at improving current AFM measurement technique through developing a general distributed-parameters base modeling approach that reveals greater insight into the fundamental characteristics of the microcantilever-sample interaction. For this, the governing equations of motion are derived in the global coordinates via the Hamilton’s Extended Principle. An interaction force identification scheme is then designed based on the original infinite dimensional distributed-parameters system which, in turn, reveals the unmeasurable distance between AFM tip and sample surface. Numerical simulations are provided to support these claims.
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Laudari, U., TP Parajuli, A. Parajuli, SR Rupakheti, and MR Joshi. "Early identification of patient at risk of acute severe pancreatitis with systemic inflammatory response." Journal of Society of Surgeons of Nepal 18, no. 3 (July 25, 2016): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jssn.v18i3.15288.
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Introduction and Objective: Clinically, the Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) is identified by two or more symptoms including fever or hypothermia, tachycardia, tachypnoea and change in blood leukocyte count. The relationship between SIRS symptoms at the time of presentation and severity of pancreatitis is yet to be determined though progression of SIRS in subsequent days has been already correlated. The aim our study was to determine the severity of pancreatitis with SIRS score at the time of admission.Materials and Methods: We conducted prospective cohort study of consecutive patient admitted to emergency of KMCTH, with diagnosis of Acute Pancreatitis (AP) from December 2014 to January 2016. Clinical, biochemical and imaging data from the patients were collected to diagnose pancreatitis. Acute Pancreatitis was diagnosed as per Revised Atlanta Classification 2012. SIRS was evaluated at the time of admission and was correlated with Modified Marshall scoring system for organ dysfunction and sensitivity, specificity and predictive value of SIRS score at admission for organ failure was calculated.Results: Among 41 patients admitted with diagnosis of Acute pancreatitis irrespective of cause the sensitivity of SIRS score at admission in predicting Severe pancreatitis was 28 %, specificity was 80%, Positive predictive value was 60 % and NPV was 51 %, with P value of 0.52 and odds ratio of 1.6 ( CI- 0.376-6.808).Conclusion: This study showed that SIRS score at admission is not sensitive in predicting severe pancreatitis however it is specific for severe pancreatitis.
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Trevas, Simone, Kathleen Manuel, Raja Malkani, and Deanna Hoelscher. "Mask Adherence and Social Distancing in Houston, TX from January to April 2021." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 3 (February 3, 2023): 2723. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032723.
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Shortly after the identification of COVID-19, public health experts recommended the use of face masks and social distancing to slow the spread of the virus. Early research indicates that there are associations between gender, age, and mask-wearing behavior. The primary aim of this paper was to explore how demographics, location, and mask mandates may affect COVID-19 mitigation strategies such as mask-wearing and social distancing. A prospective, cross-sectional observational study was conducted in Houston, TX from January to April 2021 at three outdoor locations: an urban park, an urban park with a trail, and a farmer’s market. During each two-hour data collection period, trained observers recorded the total number of people in the designated spaces; people were categorized by approximate age, sex, race/ethnicity, physical activity level, social distancing, and mask adherence using the Systematic Observation of Mask Adherence and Distancing (SOMAD) protocol. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine associations with gender, race, age, location, and the mask mandate. A total of 7778 observations were recorded after exclusion of inconclusive demographic data. Females had higher odds, reported as an odds ratio, of mask use than males (OR = 1.35, 95% CI 1.18–1.54). Compared to White individuals, Asian individuals had higher odds of mask use (OR = 1.84, 95% CI 1.48–2.30). The odds of mask use were higher while the Texas mask mandate was in effect (OR = 1.60, 95% CI 1.40–1.84). Regarding location, the odds of mask use were much higher in the urban park than in the urban park with a trail (OR = 13.33). Individuals had higher odds of social distancing at the urban park with a trail compared to the farmer’s market (OR = 4.61, 95% CI 4.10–5.17). Mask wearing and social distancing behaviors differ by demographics, locality, and mask mandate. Thus, state policies can be effective tools to encourage mask wearing for disease mitigation.
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Yan, Carol H., Aakanksha Rathor, Kaelyn Krook, Yifei Ma, Melissa R. Rotella, Robert L. Dodd, Peter H. Hwang, et al. "Effect of Omega-3 Supplementation in Patients With Smell Dysfunction Following Endoscopic Sellar and Parasellar Tumor Resection: A Multicenter Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial." Neurosurgery 87, no. 2 (January 17, 2020): E91—E98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuros/nyz559.
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Abstract BACKGROUND Endoscopic endonasal approaches pose the potential risk of olfactory loss. Loss of olfaction and potentially taste can be permanent and greatly affect patients’ quality of life. Treatments for olfactory loss have had limited success. Omega-3 supplementation may be a therapeutic option with its effect on wound healing and nerve regeneration. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact on olfaction in patients treated with omega-3 supplementation following endoscopic skull base tumor resection. METHODS In this multi-institutional, prospective, randomized controlled trial, 110 patients with sellar or parasellar tumors undergoing endoscopic resection were randomized to nasal saline irrigations or nasal saline irrigations plus omega-3 supplementation. The University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) was administered preoperatively and at 6 wk, 3 mo, and 6 mo postoperatively. RESULTS Eighty-seven patients completed all 6 mo of follow-up (41 control arm, 46 omega-3 arm). At 6 wk postoperatively, 25% of patients in both groups experienced a clinically significant loss in olfaction. At 3 and 6 mo, patients receiving omega-3 demonstrated significantly less persistent olfactory loss compared to patients without supplementation (P = .02 and P = .01, respectively). After controlling for multiple confounding variables, omega-3 supplementation was found to be protective against olfactory loss (odds ratio [OR] 0.05, 95% CI 0.003-0.81, P = .03). Tumor functionality was a significant independent predictor for olfactory loss (OR 32.7, 95% CI 1.15-929.5, P = .04). CONCLUSION Omega-3 supplementation appears to be protective for the olfactory system during the healing period in patients who undergo endoscopic resection of sellar and parasellar masses.
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Edvardsson, Kristina, Elizabeth Hughes, Beverley Copnell, Ingrid Mogren, Don Vicendese, and Richard Gray. "Severe mental illness and pregnancy outcomes in Australia. A population-based study of 595 792 singleton births 2009–2016." PLOS ONE 17, no. 2 (February 28, 2022): e0264512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0264512.
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Background Women with Severe Mental Illness (SMI) may have more complex pregnancies and pregnancy outcomes that require different care and management, but this has not been extensively studied. The aim of this study was to explore associations between SMI and adverse maternal and infant outcomes in the state of Victoria, Australia. Methods Our sample included all reported live singleton births in Victoria 2009–2016 (N = 595 792). Associations between SMI and adverse pregnancy outcomes were explored using Odds Ratios (OR), adjusted for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, and co-morbidities, including any other mental illness. Results Of all singleton births, 2046 (0.34%) were to a mother diagnosed with a SMI. We found evidence of an association between SMI and a range of adverse maternal and infant outcomes. Compared to women without SMI, women with a SMI had higher adjusted odds of being admitted to a High Dependency Unit or Intensive Care Unit (aOR 1.83, 1.37–2.43), having gestational diabetes mellitus (1.57, 1.34–1.84), undergoing an unplanned caesarean section (1.17, 1.02–1.33), induction of labour (1.17, 1.05–1.30) and postpartum haemorrhage (1.15, 1.03–1.29). Newborns of women with SMI had higher adjusted odds of being admitted to Special Care Nursery (aOR 1.61, 1.43–1.80), a low Apgar score at 5 minutes (1.50, 1.19–1.90), preterm birth (1.40, 1.20–1.63), and low birthweight (1.26, 1.06–1.49). Conclusion Women with SMI are at higher risk for a range of adverse maternal and infant outcomes and are a population that may benefit from targeted early identification and enhanced antenatal care.