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Journal articles on the topic 'Oculomotor abnormalities'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

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1

Wiest, G., C. Mueller, P. Wessely, N. Steinhoff, S. Trattnig, and L. Deecke. "Oculomotor Abnormalities inDyssynergia Cerebellaris Myoclonica." Acta Oto-Laryngologica 115, sup520 (January 1995): 392–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00016489509125279.

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Wójcik-Pędziwiatr, Magdalena, Klaudia Plinta, Agnieszka Krzak-Kubica, Katarzyna Zajdel, Marcel Falkiewicz, Jacek Dylak, Jan Ober, Andrzej Szczudlik, and Monika Rudzińska. "Eye movement abnormalities in essential tremor." Journal of Human Kinetics 52, no. 1 (September 1, 2016): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2015-0193.

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AbstractEssential tremor (ET) is the most prevalent movement disorder, characterized mainly by an action tremor of the arms. Only a few studies published as yet have assessed oculomotor abnormalities in ET and their results are unequivocal. The aim of this study was to assess the oculomotor abnormalities in ET patients compared with the control group and to find the relationship between oculomotor abnormalities and clinical features of ET patients. We studied 50 ET patients and 42 matched by age and gender healthy controls. Saccadometer Advanced (Ober Consulting, Poland) was used to investigate reflexive, pace-induced and cued saccades and conventional electrooculography for evaluation of smooth pursuit and fixation. The severity of the tremor was assessed by the Clinical Rating Scale for Tremor. Significant differences between ET patients and controls were found for the incidence of reflexive saccades dysmetria and deficit of smooth pursuit. Reflexive saccades dysmetria was more frequent in patients in the second and third phase of ET compared to the first phase. The reflexive saccades latency increase was correlated with severity of the tremor. In conclusion, oculomotor abnormalities were significantly more common in ET patients than in healthy subjects. The most common oculomotor disturbances in ET were reflexive saccades dysmetria and slowing of smooth pursuit. The frequency of reflexive saccades dysmetria increased with progression of ET. The reflexive saccades latency increase was related to the severity of tremor.

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3

Walton, Mark M. G., Adam Pallus, Jérome Fleuriet, Michael J. Mustari, and Kristina Tarczy-Hornoch. "Neural mechanisms of oculomotor abnormalities in the infantile strabismus syndrome." Journal of Neurophysiology 118, no. 1 (July 1, 2017): 280–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00934.2016.

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Infantile strabismus is characterized by numerous visual and oculomotor abnormalities. Recently nonhuman primate models of infantile strabismus have been established, with characteristics that closely match those observed in human patients. This has made it possible to study the neural basis for visual and oculomotor symptoms in infantile strabismus. In this review, we consider the available evidence for neural abnormalities in structures related to oculomotor pathways ranging from visual cortex to oculomotor nuclei. These studies provide compelling evidence that a disturbance of binocular vision during a sensitive period early in life, whatever the cause, results in a cascade of abnormalities through numerous brain areas involved in visual functions and eye movements.

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4

Marti-F�bregas, Joan, and Caries Roig. "Oculomotor abnormalities in motor neuron disease." Journal of Neurology 240, no. 8 (1993): 475–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00874116.

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5

Mostofsky, S. H., A. G. Lasker, L. E. Cutting, M. B. Denckla, and D. S. Zee. "Oculomotor abnormalities in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder." Neurology 57, no. 3 (August 14, 2001): 423–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.57.3.423.

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Background: Prevailing hypotheses suggest that attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is secondary to dysfunction of motor intentional systems mediated by prefrontal circuitry. Oculomotor paradigms provide a mechanism for examining and localizing dysfunction at the interface between movement and cognition.Objective: Three different saccade tasks (reflexive or prosaccades, antisaccades, and memory-guided saccades) were used to examine functions necessary for the planning and the execution of eye movements, including motor response preparation, response inhibition, and working memory.Methods: The study included 19 children with ADHD, divided into two groups: a group of 8 children on methylphenidate at the time of testing and a group of 11 children not taking any psychoactive medication. Results from the two groups were compared with those from 25 age- and gender-matched normal control children.Results: Both groups of children with ADHD made significantly more directional errors than did controls on the antisaccade task and significantly more anticipatory errors than did controls on the memory-guided saccade task, findings that are consistent with deficits in response inhibition. There were no significant differences in prosaccade latency, although unmedicated children with ADHD showed significantly greater variability in latency on the prosaccade task than did controls. On the memory-guided saccade task there were no significant differences in saccade accuracy; however, unmedicated children with ADHD showed longer saccade latency than did either controls or medicated children with ADHD.Conclusions: Oculomotor findings suggest that deficits in prefrontal functions, in particular response inhibition, contribute to behavioral abnormalities observed in ADHD. Findings also suggest that the administration of methylphenidate is associated with improvements in the consistency of motor response. Although there were no observed improvements in response inhibition with methylphenidate, conclusions await a design in which subjects complete testing both on and off medication.

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6

Hutton, S., and C. Kennard. "Oculomotor abnormalities in schizophrenia: A critical review." Neurology 50, no. 3 (March 1, 1998): 604–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.50.3.604.

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7

Takarae, Y. "Oculomotor abnormalities parallel cerebellar histopathology in autism." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 75, no. 9 (September 1, 2004): 1359–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.2003.022491.

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8

Bismaya, Kumar, Sabyasachi Pattanayak, Abhishek Dixit, Abhishek Pathak, Rameshwar Nath Chaurasia, and Varun Kumar Singh. "Supranuclear oculomotor palsy in cerebral venous sinus thrombosis: a case report." Journal of Neurocritical Care 14, no. 2 (December 24, 2021): 113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18700/jnc.210025.

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BackgroundFor certain ocular movement abnormalities, the exact neuroanatomical localization of the causative lesion is still not defined. Oculomotor apraxia, apraxia of eye opening and closing, and motor impersistence are rarely reported in acute stroke, particularly following venous stroke.Case ReportA 34-year-old man presented with headache, vomiting, focal seizures with bilateral tonic-clonic movements, and altered sensorium. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed bilateral frontal and left parietal hemorrhagic infarcts, and contrast venography revealed superior sagittal sinus thrombosis. The patient received anticoagulant treatment with antiepileptics. On re-examination on day 3, the patient had a rare combination of apraxia of eyelid closure, motor impersistence, and oculomotor apraxia. By Day 10 of admission, all oculomotor abnormalities had subsided.ConclusionTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the combination of oculomotor apraxia and apraxia of eyelid closure with motor impersistence in a patient with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis.

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Pichert, Matthew D., Michael W. Plankey, Gayle Springer, Christopher Cox, Howard J. Hoffman, and Helen S. Cohen. "Vestibular and oculomotor abnormalities among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected men and women: A pilot study." Journal of Vestibular Research 30, no. 5 (December 14, 2020): 329–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ves-200707.

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OBJECTIVE: To determine if middle-aged and aging men and women with HIV disease (HIV+) should be screened for vestibular and oculomotor dysfunction. METHODS: Age- and sociodemographically matched HIV+ and HIV– men and women were tested on vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP), bi-thermic caloric testing, Dix-Hallpike maneuvers and saccades. RESULTS: HIV+ men had more caloric weakness than HIV– men. HIV+ subjects had more saccade abnormalities than HIV– subjects. A saccade abnormality was positively associated with being HIV+. Among the HIV+ sample, abnormalities were associated with increasing age, being male, ever taking monotherapy, and having an undetectable viral load. Only being male and having an undetectable viral load were statistically significant. Unilateral caloric weakness had a decreased prevalence with age per 10 years, and being HIV+ showed an increased prevalence. In HIV+ subjects only, these abnormalities decreased with age and being male but increased with undetectable viral load and ever taking antiretroviral monotherapy. No statistically significant differences were found. CONCLUSION: Women are at greater risk of vestibular and oculomotor abnormalities than men. HIV+ adults are at greater risk than HIV– adults. Physicians who care for HIV+ men and women should monitor the symptoms of vestibular and oculomotor impairment.

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10

Spicker, Sybille, J�rg B. Schulz, Dirk Petersen, Michael Fetter, Thomas Klockgether, and Johannes Dichgans. "Fixation instability and oculomotor abnormalities in Friedreich's ataxia." Journal of Neurology 242, no. 8 (1995): 517–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00867423.

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Lee, Seung Hyun, Hwan Heo, and Sang Woo Park. "The Efficacy of Imaging Diagnosis in Oculomotor Abnormalities." Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society 50, no. 2 (2009): 260. http://dx.doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2009.50.2.260.

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12

Stephen, Christopher D., David Balkwill, Peter James, Elizabeth Haxton, Kenneth Sassower, Jeremy D. Schmahmann, Florian Eichler, and Richard Lewis. "Quantitative oculomotor and nonmotor assessments in late-onset GM2 gangliosidosis." Neurology 94, no. 7 (January 21, 2020): e705-e717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000008959.

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ObjectiveA cross-sectional study was performed to evaluate whether quantitative oculomotor measures correlate with disease severity in late-onset GM2 gangliosidosis (LOGG) and assess cognition and sleep as potential early nonmotor features.MethodsTen patients with LOGG underwent quantitative oculomotor recordings, including measurements of the angular vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR), with results compared to age- and sex-matched controls. Disease severity was assessed by ataxia rating scales. Cognitive/neuropsychiatric features were assessed by the cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome (CCAS) scale, Cerebellar Neuropsychiatric Rating Scale, and sleep quality evaluated using subjective sleep scales.ResultsOculomotor abnormalities were found in all participants, including 3/10 with clinically normal eye movements. Abnormalities involved impaired saccadic accuracy (5/10), abnormal vertical (8/10) and horizontal (4/10) pursuit, reduced optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) responses (7/10), low VOR gain (10/10), and impaired VOR cancellation (2/10). Compared to controls, the LOGG group showed significant differences in saccade, VOR, OKN, and visually enhanced VOR gains. Severity of saccadic dysmetria, OKN, and VOR fixation-suppression impairments correlated with ataxia scales (p < 0.05). Nine out of ten patients with LOGG had evidence of the CCAS (5/10 definite, 2/10 probable, 2/10 possible). Excessive daytime sleepiness was present in 4/10 and 8/10 had poor subjective sleep quality.ConclusionsCerebellar oculomotor abnormalities were present in all patients with LOGG, including those with normal clinical oculomotor examinations. Saccade accuracy (dorsal cerebellar vermis localization), fixation suppression, and OKN gain (cerebellar flocculus/paraflocculus localization) correlated with disease severity, suggesting that quantitative oculomotor measurements could be used to track disease progression. We found evidence of the CCAS, suggesting that cerebellar dysfunction may explain the cognitive disorder in LOGG. Sleep impairments were prevalent and require further study.

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Blundell, James, Steven Frisson, Anupam Chakrapani, Paul Gissen, Chris Hendriksz, Suresh Vijay, and Andrew Olson. "Oculomotor abnormalities in children with Niemann-Pick type C." Molecular Genetics and Metabolism 123, no. 2 (February 2018): 159–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymgme.2017.11.004.

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Fetter, M., T. Klockgether, J. B. Schulz, J. Faiss, E. Koenig, and J. Dichgans. "Oculomotor abnormalities and MRI findings in idiopathic cerebellar ataxia." Journal of Neurology 241, no. 4 (1994): 234–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00863774.

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15

Rosenberg, David R. "Oculomotor Response Inhibition Abnormalities in Pediatric Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder." Archives of General Psychiatry 54, no. 9 (September 1, 1997): 831. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1997.01830210075008.

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Fabbrini, Giovanni, Marcello Merello, Andrew H. Evans, Andrew J. Lees, Janice Holton, and David R. Williams. "Progressive parkinsonism, oculomotor abnormalities and autonomic dysfunction: Clinicopathological case." Movement Disorders 26, no. 3 (January 14, 2011): 424–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mds.23302.

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Dewji, Zameel, and Brian W. Blakley. "S216 – Is Oculomotor Testing Useful in the Modern Era?" Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 139, no. 2_suppl (August 2008): P148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otohns.2008.05.391.

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Objectives To understand the role of oculomotor testing in the era of advanced imaging with MRI. Methods First, the literature was evaluated systematically to determine the level of evidence that oculomotor testing is sensitive in central nervous system lesions. Next, the sensitivity and specificity of saccade, pursuit, and gaze testing in detection of brain abnormalities were assessed using a database of 561 patients who underwent ENG using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as the “gold standard.” Among the abnormal MRI scans, oculomotor testing was abnormal in 1 and normal in 37. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV), positive and negative likelihood ratios (PLR and NLR), and the diagnostic odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (± CI) were calculated. Results For oculomotor testing, our data which concur with the literature indicate: Sensitivity 2.6%, (± 0.005–1.1); Specificity 96%, ± (0.89–0.98); Diagnostic OR 0.71 ± (0.065–5.6); PPV 20% ± (0.043, −0.64); NPV 71% ±(0.62, 0.78). Conclusions Our data suggest that oculomotor testing adds little diagnostic information. The cost and benefit of oculomotor testing are low.

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van der WEE, NIC J., HANS H. HARDEMAN, NICK F. RAMSEY, MATHIJS RAEMAEKERS, HAROLD J. VAN MEGEN, DAMIAAN A. DENYS, HERMAN G. WESTENBERG, and RENÉ S. KAHN. "Saccadic abnormalities in psychotropic-naive obsessive–compulsive disorder without co-morbidity." Psychological Medicine 36, no. 9 (May 31, 2006): 1321–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291706007926.

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Background. Oculomotor studies have found saccadic abnormalities in obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), lending support for models postulating a central role for inhibition in OCD. Saccadic abnormalities in OCD may also be potential candidates for a biological marker, important for more endophenotype-oriented research. Saccadic abnormalities have not been examined in psychotropic-naive patients with OCD without co-morbidity.Method. We compared the error rates and latencies of 14 carefully selected adult psychotropic-naive patients with OCD with no co-morbid diagnosis and 14 pairwise matched healthy controls on a fixation task, on a prosaccade task and on an antisaccade task.Results. Patients with OCD showed normal error rates on all tasks, but latencies on the antisaccade task were significantly increased.Conclusions. Our results indicate that patients with OCD have no gross impairment of oculomotor inhibitory capacities, but may have a disturbed capacity to deliberately initiate a saccade to an imagined target.

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Rosenhall, Ulf, Elisabeth Johansson, and Christopher Gillberg. "Oculomotor findings in autistic children." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 102, no. 5 (May 1988): 435–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100105286.

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AbstractEleven children with infantile autism or autistic-like conditions were examined with oculomotor tests and with auditory brainstem response audiometry. Measurements of voluntary, horizontal non-predictable saccades showed that the eye motor function was abnormal in six (55 per cent) of the eleven patients. The saccades were hypometric in all six instances and the saccadic velocity was reduced in four instances. The abnormalities observed are consistent with brain dysfunction, in most cases probably indicating ponto-cerebellar involvement. In five instances ABR was found to be abnormal which indicates brainstem dysfunction. Oculomotor dysfunction and/or ABR abnormality was observed in eight (73 per cent) of the patients studied.

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Lim, Key Hwan, Elizabeth C. Engle, and Joseph L. Demer. "Abnormalities of the Oculomotor Nerve in Congenital Fibrosis of the Extraocular Muscles and Congenital Oculomotor Palsy." Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science 48, no. 4 (April 1, 2007): 1601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/iovs.06-0691.

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Bhardwaj, Parveen, Minoo Sharma, and Karan Ahluwalia. "Joubert Syndrome with Orofacial Digital Features." Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice 09, no. 01 (January 2018): 152–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jnrp.jnrp_338_17.

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ABSTRACTJoubert syndrome (JS) is an autosomal recessive inherited disorder characterized by hypotonia, cerebellar vermis hypoplasia, ocular abnormalities (e.g., pigmentary retinopathy, oculomotor apraxia, and nystagmus), renal cysts, and hepatic fibrosis. Respiratory abnormalities, as apnea and hyperpnea, may be present, as well as mental retardation. Since the clinical findings of JS are quite heterogeneous, determination of radiological findings is essential.

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Ward, Lindsey M., and Zoi Kapoula. "Creativity, Eye-Movement Abnormalities, and Aesthetic Appreciation of Magritte’s Paintings." Brain Sciences 12, no. 8 (August 3, 2022): 1028. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12081028.

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Dyslexic children have been shown to be more creative than their non-dyslexic counterparts. They have also been shown to have an abnormal oculomotor profile while viewing targets in free space, making vergence or saccadic eye movements while reading or when viewing Op art. They show a slower deceleration of their eye movements and a difficulty in coordinating their two eyes to obtain single fused vision in depth. Interestingly, their abnormal oculo-motor profile is exacerbated while reading more difficult texts. Given these differences, we postulate that dyslexics’ increased creativity may be related to their different eye movement control affecting how they perceive the world. Therefore, we decided to measure adolescent dyslexics’ creativity, oculomotor profile, and subjective responses while they viewed three paintings by Magritte. These were chosen to stimulate the perception of hidden conceptual spaces or stimulate conflict between the perception of the figural and textural content. For the first time to our knowledge, dyslexic adolescents were demonstrated to be more creative in terms of flexibility and fluidity than their non-dyslexic peers. Subjectively, while viewing the Magritte paintings, dyslexics reported fewer conceptual spaces and fewer hidden words than their non-dyslexic peers; thus, they confabulated less than non-dyslexics. Dyslexics also demonstrated an abnormal oculomotor profile similar to those that we have shown when reading, viewing randomized targets, and while perceiving illusions of depth in Op art paintings, in that they demonstrated difficulty with disconjugation and abnormalities in their eye velocity profiles. We propose there may be a link between dyslexic increased creativity and their eye movement abnormalities. Similar to reading nonsense text, we propose that Magritte’s contradictory paintings exacerbate dyslexics’ eye movement abnormalities. These eye movement abnormalities while viewing these particular paintings might provide a physiological signature suggesting a contribution of their unusual eye control to their higher creativity scores.

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Winder, Jessica Y., and Raymund A. C. Roos. "Premanifest Huntington’s disease: Examination of oculomotor abnormalities in clinical practice." PLOS ONE 13, no. 3 (March 1, 2018): e0193866. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0193866.

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HUTTON, S. B., T. J. CRAWFORD, B. K. PURI, L. J. DUNCAN, M. CHAPMAN, C. KENNARD, T. R. E. BARNES, and E. M. JOYCE. "Smooth pursuit and saccadic abnormalities in first-episode schizophrenia." Psychological Medicine 28, no. 3 (May 1998): 685–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291798006722.

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Background. Previous studies of oculomotor dysfunction in schizophrenia have tended to concentrate on abnormalities of smooth pursuit eye tracking in chronic medicated patients. We report the results of a study of smooth pursuit, reflexive and antisaccade performance in drug naive and antipsychotic treated first-episode schizophrenic patients.Methods. Smooth pursuit and saccadic eye movements were recorded in 36 first-episode schizophrenic patients and 36 controls matched for age and estimated IQ. The schizophrenic patients were divided into drug-naive (N=17) and antipsychotic treated groups (N=19).Results. Smooth pursuit velocity gain was significantly lower than controls only in the drug-naive patients. The treated patients did not differ significantly from either the controls or the untreated group. In an antisaccade paradigm both treated and drug-naive schizophrenic patients demonstrated an increased number of errors, but only drug-naive patients also demonstrated an increased latency in initiating correct antisaccades.Conclusions. These impairments are unlikely to be due to a generalized deficit in oculomotor function in the schizophrenic groups, as there were no differences between the groups in saccadic metrics on a reflexive saccade task. The results show that both smooth pursuit and saccadic abnormalities are present at the onset of schizophrenia and are integral to the disorder.

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Pimentel, Bianca Nunes, and Valdete Alves Valentins dos Santos Filha. "Evaluation of vestibular and oculomotor functions in individuals with dizziness after stroke." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 77, no. 1 (January 2019): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0004-282x20180154.

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ABSTRACT Changes in postural balance and visual complaints are frequent consequences of stroke. We aimed to investigate the symptoms and the vestibular and oculomotor functions of patients with dizziness post ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke and compare the results among them. Methods: Fifty patients with dizziness after stroke were evaluated through a clinical anamnesis and computerized vector electronystagmography: calibration of ocular movements, spontaneous nystagmus, semi-spontaneous nystagmus, pendular tracking, optokinetic nystagmus, rotary chair testing, and the caloric test. Results: All patients complained of dizziness, especially imbalance. Ischemic stroke in the carotid territory was the prevalent type. Visual complaints were reported by 56% of the sample and were related to abnormalities in oculomotor and caloric tests. Conclusion: The occurrence of visual symptoms was related to some abnormalities in the vector electronystagmography tests, being more frequent in cases of stroke in the vertebrobasilar system, and with oscillopsia and reduced visual acuity as symptoms.

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Machner, Björn, Jin Hee Choi, Peter Trillenberg, Wolfgang Heide, and Christoph Helmchen. "Risk of acute brain lesions in dizzy patients presenting to the emergency room: who needs imaging and who does not?" Journal of Neurology 267, S1 (May 27, 2020): 126–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00415-020-09909-x.

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AbstractThe usefulness of brain imaging studies in dizzy patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) is controversial. We aimed to assess the ‘real-world’ probability of ischemic stroke and other acute brain lesions (ABLs) in these patients to create an algorithm that helps decision-making on whether which and when brain imaging is needed. By reviewing medical records, we identified 610 patients presenting with dizziness, vertigo or imbalance to our university hospital’s ED and receiving neurological workup. We collected timing/triggers of symptoms, ABCD2 score, focal neurological abnormalities, HINTS (head impulse, nystagmus, test-of-skew) and other central oculomotor signs. ABLs were extracted from CT/MRI reports. Uni-/multivariate logistic regression analyses investigated associations between clinical parameters and ABLs. Finally, the likelihood of ABLs was assessed for different clinically defined subgroups (‘dizziness syndromes’). Early CT (day 1) was performed in 539 (88%) and delayed MR imaging (median: day 4) in 299 (49%) patients. ABLs (89% ischemic stroke) were revealed in 75 (24%) of 318 patients with adequate imaging (MRI or lesion-positive CT). The risk for ABLs increased with the presence of central oculomotor signs (odds ratio 2.8, 95% confidence interval 1.5–5.2) or focal abnormalities (OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.8–6.2). The likelihood of ABLs differed between dizziness syndromes, e.g., HINTS-negative acute vestibular syndrome: 0%, acute imbalance syndrome with ABCD2-score ≥ 4: 50%. We propose a clinical pathway, according to which patients with HINTS-negative acute vestibular syndrome should not receive brain imaging, whereas imaging is suggested in dizzy patients with acute imbalance, central oculomotor signs or focal abnormalities.

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Hamid, Mohamed A., Lori B. Schneider, Maurice R. Hanson, Meredith A. Weinstein, and Joseph Hahn. "ENG-MRI Correlates in Cerebellar Oculomotor Dysfunction." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 99, no. 3 (September 1988): 302–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019459988809900307.

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This study correlates ENG and MRI findings in six patients with cerebellar eye movements. For each subject, both tests independently support the presence of a cerebellar tract abnormality. In two patients, MRI studies confirmed the site of cerebellar dysfunction previously demonstrated by ENG. Although the number of patients is small, the strong correlation (100%) indicates that ENG remains a sensitive method for detection and localization of the origin of cerebellar eye movements. The physiologic information provided by ENG is supported anatomically by MRI. The cerebellar eye movement abnormalities are briefly reviewed.

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Galli, Jessica, Anna Molinaro, Alessandra Franzoni, Roberto Micheli, Lorenzo Pinelli, Alessandro Plebani, Annarosa Soresina, Elisa Fazzi, and Alessandro Iodice. "Neurovisual Assessment in Children with Ataxia Telangiectasia." Neuropediatrics 49, no. 01 (October 9, 2017): 026–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1607216.

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Aim Visual impairment is present in almost all patients with ataxia telangiectasia (AT) and, due to their early onset, constitute an important disabling aspect of the syndrome: the quality of vision is limited by dyspraxia and oculomotor abnormal movements. The purpose of this observational study was to describe visual disorders, notably oculomotor impairment, in a sample of children with AT. Methods Fifteen AT patients (mean age 12 years and 4 months) underwent a neurovisual evaluation, particularly focused on oculomotor functions (fixation, smooth pursuit, saccades, and abnormal ocular movements). We compared the visual profile obtained with that described using the International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale (ICARS) subscale of oculomotor dysfunction. Results Refractive errors were seen in eight patients and strabismus in three. Major oculomotor findings were fixation abnormalities (6/15), saccadic impairment (15/15), and abnormal smooth pursuit (14/15). Abnormal ocular movements were seen in 13/15 (saccadic intrusion in 8 and nystagmus in 5). Using ICARS scale, 13/15 children presented gaze-evoked nystagmus, 4/15 a clearly saccadic pursuit, and 11/15 dysmetria of saccades. Discussion We propose a clinical neurovisual evaluation, which could be integrated with ICARS scores in the study of oculomotor involvement in AT pediatric patients. We strongly recommend the empowerment of visual functions to slow down progressive global disability of these patients.

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Bilbao, Carmen, and David P. Piñero. "Clinical Characterization of Oculomotricity in Children with and without Specific Learning Disorders." Brain Sciences 10, no. 11 (November 11, 2020): 836. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10110836.

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Children with specific learning disorders have been associated with oculomotor problems, with their analysis even suggested to be a potential diagnostic tool. A prospective non-randomized comparative study evaluating 59 children (6–13 years old) divided into three groups was conducted: a control group (CG) including 15 healthy emmetropic children; a group of 18 healthy children with oculomotor abnormalities (OAG); and a group of 26 children diagnosed with specific learning disorders (LDG). In all groups, besides a complete eye exam, oculomotricity was characterized with two clinical tests: Northeastern State University College of Optometry’s Oculomotor (NSUCO) and Developmental Eye Movement (DEM) tests. Concerning the NSUCO test, lower ability, precision, and head/body movement associated scorings were obtained for both smooth pursuits and saccades in OAG and LDG when compared to the CG (p < 0.001). Likewise, significantly longer time needed to read the horizontal sheet of the DEM test and a higher DEM ratio were found in OAG and LDG compared to CG (p ≤ 0.003). No differences between LDG and OAG were found in the performance with the two oculomotor tests (p ≥ 0.141). Oculomotor anomalies can be present in children with and without specific learning disorders, and therefore cannot be used as diagnostic criteria of these type of disorders.

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Vecchio, Ignazio, Cristina Tornali, Giulia Malaguarnera, Nicola Luigi Bragazzi, and Michele Malaguarnera. "Progressive Supranuclear Palsy: Neuropsychopathological, Therapeutical and Bioethical Aspects." Current Alzheimer Research 15, no. 10 (August 15, 2018): 959–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567205015666180507111958.

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The progressive supranuclear palsy is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by Parkinsonism, oculomotor abnormalities, early postural instability and cognitive impairment. Neurodegeneration in PSP is associated with tau protein, but the mechanisms by which tau abnormalities lead to cell dysfunction and death are not well understood. Neuro-behavioural problems related to the fear and loss of autonomy can determinate many bioethical implications. Careful planning involving patients’ families, academic and industry researchers were necessary to ensure improvement in quality of life.

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Jeter, Cameron B., Saumil S. Patel, Jeffrey S. Morris, Alice Z. Chuang, Ian J. Butler, and Anne B. Sereno. "Oculomotor executive function abnormalities with increased tic severity in Tourette syndrome." Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 56, no. 2 (July 16, 2014): 193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12298.

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Sweeney, John A., Magdalena H. Strojwas, J. John Mann, and Michael E. Thase. "Prefrontal and Cerebellar Abnormalities in Major Depression: Evidence from Oculomotor Studies." Biological Psychiatry 43, no. 8 (April 1998): 584–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3223(97)00485-x.

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Koçoğlu, K., H. Eraslan Boz, M. Akkoyun, B. Dönmez Çolakoğlu, R. Çakmur, and G. Akdal. "Oculomotor abnormalities in patients with Parkinson's disease and progressive supranuclear palsy." Parkinsonism & Related Disorders 79 (October 2020): e40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2020.06.164.

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MOSTOFSKY, STEWART H., ADRIAN G. LASKER, HARVEY S. SINGER, MARTHA B. DENCKLA, and DAVID S. ZEE. "Oculomotor Abnormalities in Boys With Tourette Syndrome With and Without ADHD." Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 40, no. 12 (December 2001): 1464–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200112000-00018.

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35

Hutton, S. B., T. J. Crawford, L. J. Duncan, M. Chapman, B. K. Puri, C. Kennard, T. R. E. Barnes, and E. M. Joyce. "Oculomotor abnormalities in first episode schizophrenic patients: A follow-up study." Schizophrenia Research 29, no. 1-2 (January 1998): 115–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-9964(97)88591-x.

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36

Sidransky, Ellen, Shoji Tsujl, Barbara K. Stubblefield, Jon Gurrie, Edfflond J. FitzGibbon, and Edward I. Glnns. "Gaudier patients with oculomotor abnormalities do not have a unique genotype." Clinical Genetics 41, no. 1 (June 28, 2008): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-0004.1992.tb03618.x.

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Suzuki, Mitsuya, Masahiro Mizuno, Ken Kitamura, Masaaki Yamane, and Ryuichi Osanai. "Oculomotor abnormalities in multiple sclerosis. With special regard to its course." Practica Oto-Rhino-Laryngologica 83, no. 6 (1990): 845–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.83.845.

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38

Bally, Julien F., Aurélie Méneret, Emmanuel Roze, Melanie Anderson, David Grabli, and Anthony E. Lang. "Systematic review of movement disorders and oculomotor abnormalities in Whipple's disease." Movement Disorders 33, no. 11 (October 19, 2018): 1700–1711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mds.27419.

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Shakespeare, Timothy, Diego Kaski, Keir Yong, Ross Patterson, Catherine Slattery, Natalie Ryan, Jonathan Schott, and Sebastian Crutch. "ABNORMALITIES OF FIXATION, SACCADE AND PURSUIT IN POSTERIOR CORTICAL ATROPHY." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 86, no. 11 (October 14, 2015): e4.90-e4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2015-312379.18.

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Background and aimsThe clinico-neuroradiological syndrome posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) is the cardinal ‘visual dementia’. We evaluated oculomotor function in patients with PCA.Methods20 PCA patients, 17 typical Alzheimer's disease (tAD) patients and 22 healthy controls completed tests of fixation, saccade and smooth pursuit eye movements using an infrared pupil tracking system.ResultsEye movement abnormalities occur in 80% of PCA patients (compared to 17% tAD, 5% controls). PCA saccades were significantly hypometric, especially for distant targets. PCA patients were slower to reach saccadic targets whose onset overlapped with fixation, consistent with ‘sticky fixation’. Time to reach saccadic targets was also significantly associated with parietal and occipital cortical thickness measures. On fixation stability tasks, tAD patients showed more square wave jerks whose frequency was associated with lower cerebellar grey matter volume, whilst PCA patients showed characteristically large saccadic intrusions whose frequency correlated significantly with generalised reductions in cortical thickness. Smooth pursuit was also impaired, with lower gain in both PCA and tAD patient groups compared to controls.ConclusionsEye movement abnormalities are near-ubiquitous in PCA, and may help distinguish PCA from tAD. We suggest the PCA oculomotor profile reflects weak input from degraded occipito-parietal spatial representations of stimulus location into a superior collicular spatial map for eye movement regulation. The results have implications for other patients with dementia-related visual impairment.

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Pachter, Bruce R. "Intramuscular Nerve and Neuromuscular Junction Alteration In Extraocular Muscles of Diabetic Mice." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 43 (August 1985): 682–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100120102.

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Diabetes mellitus is one of the commonest causes of neuropathy. Diabetic neuropathy is a heterogeneous group of neuropathic disorders to which patients with diabetes mellitus are susceptible; more than one kind of neuropathy can frequently occur in the same individual. Abnormalities are also known to occur in nearly every anatomic subdivision of the eye in diabetic patients. Oculomotor palsy appears to be common in diabetes mellitus for their occurrence in isolation to suggest diabetes. Nerves to the external ocular muscles are most commonly affected, particularly the oculomotor or third cranial nerve. The third nerve palsy of diabetes is characteristic, being of sudden onset, accompanied by orbital and retro-orbital pain, often associated with complete involvement of the external ocular muscles innervated by the nerve. While the human and experimental animal literature is replete with studies on the peripheral nerves in diabetes mellitus, there is but a paucity of reported studies dealing with the oculomotor nerves and their associated extraocular muscles (EOMs).

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Wicks, Abby, James A. Black, and Matthew Donald Holtkamp. "Neuro-visual miscalculations in acute mTBI." Neurology 91, no. 23 Supplement 1 (December 4, 2018): S25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000550654.19664.14.

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ObjectiveTo describe oculomotor abnormalities following acute mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) as a possible target for Rehabilitation.BackgroundMore than 361,092 service members have sustained mTBI between 2000 and 2016.82.4 percent being mTBI. The vast majority improve within a few weeks. However, small percentages continue to have symptoms of Chronic TBI, including those with objective findings on oculomotor exam. The neuropathology of these finding are well documented and are possible targets of acute mTBI rehabilitation. This case series explores the typical finding of symptomatic patients after mTBI. Neuro-optometry is a subspecialty which evaluates the visual system for dysfunction following neurologic insult. Binocular dysfunction is prevalent following mTBI. Recent literature supports the hypothesis that the visual system can be utilized to evaluate the extent of brain injury. The NSUCO oculomotor test allows for quantification of saccadic and pursuit inaccuracies.MethodsThe case series reported here from the Intrepid Spirit Center (ISC), Fort Hood focuses on the treatment of acute mTBI patients referred by primary care providers or emergency departments. Three military service members with acute mTBI underwent a complete neurologic examination with a neurologist, including an oculomotor function assessment with a Neuro-optometrist utilizing the NSUCO oculomotor test (video attached).ResultsWe have video documentation demonstrates typical oculomotor dysfunction seen in acute mTBI patients, including poor initiation of saccades, inaccurate spatial planning and execution of saccades, and fixation losses on pursuits on binocular assessment.ConclusionOculomotor dysfunction is a verifiable, reproducible documentation of organic dysfunction in acute mTBI amenable to therapeutic approaches including neuro-optometric visual rehabilitation. Neuro-optometric vision rehab is a novel treatment modality for acute mTBI.

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Ratilal, Bernardo Oliveira, Sergio Miguel Macedo da Silva Galo, and Carlos Alberto de Oliveira Vara Luiz. "Intrinsic Hematoma of the Oculomotor Nerve: Case Report and Review of the Literature." Neurosurgery 57, no. 2 (August 1, 2005): E370. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000166687.59462.42.

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ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: Intrinsic oculomotor nerve hematoma is an exceptional cause of third nerve palsy. This case report illustrates the clinical, radiological, and intraoperative relevance of this rare pathological finding. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 25-year-old woman with a 12-year history of gross total resection of cerebellar medulloblastoma and posterior whole-brain radiotherapy presented with complete left oculomotor palsy. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a left-sided, perimesencephalic cistern, small, round lesion with a fluid level. Digital subtraction angiography demonstrated no evidence of vascular abnormalities. INTERVENTION: A pterional craniotomy was performed, and the left oculomotor nerve was exposed. A blackish intrinsic lesion was detected in its cisternal segment near the uncus. The lesion was incised, and liquid compatible with a subacute noncoagulated hematoma was drained. Three months after surgery, the patient had partial recovery from diplopia and extraocular muscle function. CONCLUSION: We reviewed the literature and found four cases of oculomotor nerve intrinsic hematoma. These cases were all associated with hematological diseases, trauma, or solid tumors, and, as a group, these patients had poor outcomes. In the present report, the possibility of radiotherapy-induced vasculopathy as a predisposing factor is discussed. Surgical removal of an intrinsic nerve hematoma is probably helpful in the functional recovery of these patients.

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Bour, L. J., A. F. van Rootselaar, J. H. T. M. Koelman, and M. A. J. Tijssen. "Oculomotor abnormalities in myoclonic tremor: a comparison with spinocerebellar ataxia type 6." Brain 131, no. 9 (August 21, 2008): 2295–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awn177.

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Prats, JM, B. Mateos, and C. Garaizar. "Resolution of Mri Abnormalities of the Oculomotor Nerve in Childhood Ophthalmoplegic Migraine." Cephalalgia 19, no. 7 (September 1999): 655–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2982.1999.019007655.x.

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Ophthalmoplegic migraine is an uncommon disorder, usually starting in older childhood. Its physiopathology remains obscure and diagnosis is reliant on clinical grounds and exclusion of other disorders. We report four cases of childhood ophthalmoplegic migraine, one of them starting in infancy. Association with other types of migraine is common. Two of the three patients studied by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed enhancement and enlargement of the cisternal portion of the oculomotor nerve, which spontaneously resolved after 2 and 4 years, respectively. Persistence of clinical recurrences was associated with long-lasting presence of the MRI finding, and possibly with mild sequelae. These radiological abnormalities suggest a common physiopathological mechanism with other inflammatory diseases, except for a benign evolution which, added to its specific anatomic site, seems to be the only neuroradiological marker, besides normality, in ophthalmoplegic migraine. The very long potential duration of MRI changes and the scarcity of clinical episodes make feasible its incident discovery once the migraine attack has become a remote memory.

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Sulkowski, Gregory M., and Lawrence M. Kaufman. "Oculomotor abnormalities in a patient with fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome." Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 12, no. 2 (April 2008): 195–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaapos.2007.10.010.

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Chakravarty, A., Q. Saleem, and S. K. Brahmachari. "3-40-02 Oculomotor abnormalities in a family with Machado-Joseph disease." Journal of the Neurological Sciences 150 (September 1997): S196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-510x(97)85828-5.

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Engle, Elizabeth C., Boyan C. Goumnerov, Craig A. McKeown, Martha Schatz, Donald R. Johns, John D. Porter, and Alan H. Beggs. "Oculomotor nerve and muscle abnormalities in congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles." Annals of Neurology 41, no. 3 (March 1997): 314–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ana.410410306.

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Bedell, Harold E., and Merton C. Flom. "Bilateral oculomotor abnormalities in strabismic amblyopes: evidence for a common central mechanism." Documenta Ophthalmologica 59, no. 4 (June 1985): 309–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00159166.

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Oh, Eun Hye, Hyun-Sung Kim, and Jae-Hwan Choi. "Isolated Floccular Infarction with Impairment of High-Frequency Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex: A Case Report." Research in Vestibular Science 20, no. 4 (December 15, 2021): 147–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21790/rvs.2021.20.4.147.

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The flocculus plays a crucial role in control of eye movements. Based on animal experiment, it is suggested that the flocculus is important for governing vestibuleocular reflexes. In humans, an isolated floccular lesion is extremely rare. We report oculomotor abnormalities in a patient with unilateral infarction of the flocculus, and compare our results with those of previously reported patients with floccular lesion.

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Leão, Emília Katiane Embiruçu, Marcília Martyn Lima, Otacílio de Oliveira Maia Júnior, Juliana Parizotto, and Fernando Kok. "Joubert syndrome: large clinical variability and a unique neuroimaging aspect." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 68, no. 2 (April 2010): 273–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x2010000200023.

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Joubert syndrome (JS) is an autosomal recessive inherited disorder characterized by hypotonia, cerebellar vermis hypoplasia, ocular abnormalities (e.g, pigmentary retinopathy, oculomotor apraxia and nystagmus), renal cysts and hepatic fibrosis. Respiratory abnormalities, as apnea and hyperpnea, may be present, as well as mental retardation. At least seven JS loci have been determined and five genes identified. Herein, we report five children, belonging to independent families, with JS: they shared the same typical MRI abnormality, known as molar tooth sign, but had an otherwise quite variable phenotype, regarding mostly their cognitive performance, visual abilities and extra-neurological compromise.

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