Relevant bibliographies by topics / Octane Sensitivity

Academic literature on the topic 'Octane Sensitivity'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Octane Sensitivity"

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Cicci, Francesco, and Giuseppe Cantore. "Preliminary study on the influence of Octane Sensitivity on knock statistics in a GDI engine." E3S Web of Conferences 312 (2021): 07020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202131207020.

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In the 3D-CFD practice, actual gasoline fuels are usually replaced by surrogate blends composed of Iso-Octane, n-Heptane and Toluene (Toluene Reference Fuels, TRFs). In this work, the impact of surrogate formulation on the probability of end-gas auto-ignition is investigated in a single cylinder engine. CFD simulations are run on equal charge stratification to discern the effect of fuel reactivity from that of evaporation and mixing. Blends are formulated using an internal methodology, coupled with a proprietary method to predict knock statistical occurrence within a RANS framework. Chemical kinetics calculations of Ignition delay times are performed in a 0D constant pressure reactor using a mechanism for gasoline surrogates, proposed by the Clean Combustion Research Center of King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), consisting of 2406 species and 9633 reactions. Surrogates mimic a commercial European gasoline (ULG95). Five different formulations are presented. Three are characterised by equal RON (95) with progressively decreasing Octane Sensitivity S. The fourth and the fifth have a sensitivity of 10 but with lower RON (92.5 and 90). The combinations allow the reader to separate the effects of octane sensitivity from those of RON quality of the tested fuels. Applying the different surrogates, changes in each of autoignition phasing, magnitude and statistical probability are investigated. Results confirm the dependency of knock occurrence on the Octane Sensitivity, as well as the need to include engine-specific and operation-specific characteristics in the analysis of knock. The Octane Index (OI) formulation developed by Kalghatgi is discussed.
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Singh, Eshan, Jihad Badra, Marco Mehl, and S. Mani Sarathy. "Chemical Kinetic Insights into the Octane Number and Octane Sensitivity of Gasoline Surrogate Mixtures." Energy & Fuels 31, no. 2 (February 2017): 1945–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b02659.

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Hirshfeld, David S., Jeffrey A. Kolb, James E. Anderson, Asim Iqbal, Michael E. Moore, William M. Studzinski, and Ian Sutherland. "Refining Economics of Higher Octane Sensitivity, Research Octane Number and Ethanol Content for U.S. Gasoline." Energy & Fuels 35, no. 18 (September 1, 2021): 14816–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.1c00247.

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Luecke, Jon, and Bradley T. Zigler. "Rapid prediction of fuel research octane number and octane sensitivity using the AFIDA constant-volume combustion chamber." Fuel 301 (October 2021): 120969. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.120969.

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Singh, Eshan, and S. Mani Sarathy. "The Role of Intermediate-Temperature Heat Release in Octane Sensitivity of Fuels with Matching Research Octane Number." Energy & Fuels 35, no. 5 (February 16, 2021): 4457–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.0c03883.

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Lacey, Joshua, Karthik Kameshwaran, Sakthish Sathasivam, Zoran Filipi, William Cannella, and Peter A. Fuentes-Afflick. "Effects of refinery stream gasoline property variation on the auto-ignition quality of a fuel and homogeneous charge compression ignition combustion." International Journal of Engine Research 18, no. 3 (July 28, 2016): 226–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087416647646.

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The combination of in-cylinder thermal environment and fuel ignition properties plays a critical role in the homogeneous charge compression ignition engine combustion process. The properties of fuels available in the automotive market vary considerably and display different auto-ignition behaviors for the same intake charge conditions. Thus, in order for homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) technology to become practically viable, it is necessary to characterize the impact of differences in fuel properties as a source of ignition/combustion variability. To quantify the differences, 15 gasolines composed of blends made from refinery streams were investigated in a single-cylinder homogeneous charge compression ignition engine. The properties of the refinery stream blends were varied according to research octane number, sensitivity (S = research octane number − motor octane number) and volumetric contents of aromatics and olefins. Nine fuels contained 10% ethanol by volume, and six more were blended with 20% ethanol. Pure ethanol (E100) and an un-oxygenated baseline fuel (RD3-87) were included too. For each fuel, a sweep of intake temperature at a consistent load and engine speed was conducted, and the combustion phasing given by the crank angle of 50% mass fraction burned was tracked to assess the sensitivity of auto-ignition to fuel chemical kinetics. The experimental results provided a wealth of information for predicting the HCCI combustion phasing from the given properties of a fuel. In this study, the original octane index correlation proposed by Kalghatgi based solely on fuel research octane number and motor octane number was found to be insufficient for characterizing homogeneous charge compression ignition combustion of refinery stream fuels. A new correlation was developed for estimation of auto-ignition properties of practical fuels in the typical HCCI engine. Fuel composition, captured by terms indicating the fraction of aromatics, olefins, saturates and ethanol, was added to generate the following formula: [Formula: see text]. The results indicate a significantly improved estimation of combustion phasing for gasoline fuels of varying chemical composition under low-temperature combustion conditions. Quantitative findings of this investigation and the new octane index correlation can be used for designing robust HCCI control strategies, capable of handling the wide spectrum of fuel chemical compositions found in pump gasoline.
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Sluder, C. Scott, James P. Szybist, Robert L. McCormick, Matthew A. Ratcliff, and Bradley T. Zigler. "Exploring the Relationship Between Octane Sensitivity and Heat-of-Vaporization." SAE International Journal of Fuels and Lubricants 9, no. 1 (April 5, 2016): 80–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2016-01-0836.

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Mehl, Marco, Tiziano Faravelli, Fulvio Giavazzi, Eliseo Ranzi, Pietro Scorletti, Andrea Tardani, and Daniele Terna. "Detailed Chemistry Promotes Understanding of Octane Numbers and Gasoline Sensitivity." Energy & Fuels 20, no. 6 (November 2006): 2391–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef060339s.

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Westbrook, Charles K., Marco Mehl, William J. Pitz, and Magnus Sjöberg. "Chemical kinetics of octane sensitivity in a spark-ignition engine." Combustion and Flame 175 (January 2017): 2–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2016.05.022.

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Fan, Yunchu, Yaozong Duan, Dong Han, Xinqi Qiao, and Zhen Huang. "Influences of isomeric butanol addition on anti-knock tendency of primary reference fuel and toluene primary reference fuel gasoline surrogates." International Journal of Engine Research 22, no. 1 (May 29, 2019): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087419850704.

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The anti-knock tendency of blends of butanol isomers and two gasoline surrogates (primary reference fuels and toluene primary reference fuels) was studied on a single-cylinder cooperative fuel research engine. The effects of butanol molecular structure (n-butanol, i-butanol, s-butanol and t-butanol) and butanol addition percentage on fuel research octane numbers were investigated. The experimental results revealed that butanol addition to either PRF80 or TPRF80 increased research octane numbers, and the research octane numbers of fuel blends showed higher linearity with the molar percentage than with the volumetric percentage of butanol addition. Furthermore, the research octane number boosting effects of butanol isomers were observed to change with the fuel compositions, that is, i-butanol >s-butanol >n-butanol >t-butanol for primary reference fuels and i-butanol >s-butanol >t-butanol >n-butanol for toluene primary reference fuels. In addition, butanol/primary reference fuel blends exhibited higher research octane numbers than butanol/toluene primary reference fuel blends. We thereafter tried to elucidate the underlying fuel combustion kinetics for the observed anti-knock quality of different butanol/gasoline surrogate blends. It was found that the measured research octane numbers of fuel blends showed the best correlation with the calculated ignition delay times at the thermodynamic condition of 770 K and 2 MPa, and the reaction sensitivity analysis in auto-ignition at this condition revealed that the H-abstraction reactions of butanol isomers by OH radical suppressed fuel reactivity, thus elevating the fuel research octane numbers when butanol was added to the gasoline surrogates. Compared with the butanol/primary reference fuel blends, the positive sensitive reactions related to n-heptane were of higher importance, while the inhibitive effects of sensitive reactions related to butanol and iso-octane decreased for the toluene primary reference fuel/butanol blends, thus leading to lower research octane numbers of the toluene primary reference fuel/butanol blends than those of the butanol/primary reference fuel blends.
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Book chapters on the topic "Octane Sensitivity"

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Kalvakala, Krishna C., and Suresh K. Aggarwal. "Effect of Composition and Octane Sensitivity of Gasoline Surrogates on PAH Emissions." In Sustainable Development for Energy, Power, and Propulsion, 177–98. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5667-8_8.

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Lakshmi, S. M., Sandhya Choubey, and Srubabati Goswami. "Sensitivity of INO ICAL to Neutrino Mass Hierarchy and $$\theta _{23}$$ Octant in Presence of Invisible Neutrino Decay in Matter." In Springer Proceedings in Physics, 981–86. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4408-2_142.

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Escobar, Eder, Richard Abramonte, Antenor Aliaga, and Flabio Gutierrez. "An Octave Package to Perform Qualitative Analysis of Nonlinear Systems Immersed in R4." In Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence. IOS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/faia200775.

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In this work, the AutonomousSystems4D package is presented, which allows the qualitative analysis of non-linear differential equation systems in four dimensions, as well as drawing the phase surfaces by immersing R4 in R3. The package is programmed in the computational tool Octave. As a case study applied to the new Lorenz 4D System, sensitivity was found in the initial conditions, Lyapunov exponents, Kaplan Yorke dimension, a stable and unstable critical point, limit cycle, Hopf bifurcation, and hyperattractors. The package could be adapted to perform qualitative analysis and visualize phase surfaces to autonomous systems, e.g. Sprott 4D, Rossler 4D, etc. The package can be applied to problems such as: design, analysis, implementation of electronic circuits; to message encryption.
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Anderson, Sharon J. "Proton and 19F NMR Spectroscopy of Pesticide Intermolecular Interactions." In Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Environment Chemistry. Oxford University Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195097511.003.0008.

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Sorption of organic pollutants by soils and sediments is one of the main chemical processes that controls pollutant migration in the environment. Information about the molecular mechanisms by which an organic pollutant interacts with other solution-phase constituents and with solid-phase sorbents would be invaluable for more accurate prediction of pollutant fate and transport and for optimal design and application of remediation procedures. Many current models and remediation strategies are based upon the “partition theory” of organic compound sorption, which predicts sorption coefficients from properties such as water solubility or octanol-water partition coefficients. Partition theory is well suited for nonpolar hydrocarbons but may not be appropriate for pesticides with electrophilic or weakly acidic or basic substituents, which may interact with soils or organic matter through specific interactions such as hydrogen bonding or charge-transfer complexes. If a pesticide can form hydrogen bonds or a charge-transfer complex with a sorbent, sorption may be greater than in the absence of specific interactions. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is well suited for the study of pesticide-solution or pesticide-sorbent interactions because NMR is an element-specific method that is extremely sensitive to the electron density (shielding) near the nucleus of interest. Consequently, solution-state NMR can distinguish between closely related functional groups and can provide information about intermolecular interactions. All nuclei with nonzero nuclear spin quantum number can be studied by NMR spectroscopy. Of the more than 100 NMR-active nuclei, 1H and 19F are the easiest to study because both have natural abundances near 100% and greater NMR sensitivity than any other nuclei. In addition, both 1H and 19F have zero quadrupolar moments, which means that sharp, well resolved NMR peaks can be obtained, at least in homogeneous solutions. Proton NMR is well suited for elucidating molecular interactions in solution but cannot be used to study interactions between pesticides and heterogeneous sorbents such as soils, humic acid, or even cell extracts, since protons in the sorbent generally produce broad peaks that mask the NMR peaks from the solute or sorbate of interest. In contrast, 19F NMR can be used to study interactions between fluorine-containing molecules and heterogeneous sorbents because the fluorine concentration in most natural sorbents is negligible.
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"Table II : Quantitative determination of carbonyl compounds at different odour sources (concentrations in ppb) Rendering plant Gelatine plant neighbourhood neighbourhood Formaldehyde 40 16 Acetaldehyde 39 24 Acetone 36 73 Prcpanal 10 -Isobutyraldehyde 10 30 Pentanal 15 19 Hexanal 3.52 Heptanal 12.5 Octanal 10.5 Nonanal 1 2 acids (figure 7). However extractions always involve a serious decrease in sensitivity, while evaporation of the extract produces a solution in 0.1-0.5 ml of solvent, and only 1 pi of it can be brought in the gas chromatograph. Therefore work is in progress to enhance sensitivity by converting acids in­ to halogenated derivatives, which can be GC-analysed with the more sensitive electron-capture detector. For thiols a similar procedure is investigated as with aldehydes. One possibility is absorption of thiols in an alkaline solution and reaction with 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene, yielding 2,4-dinitrofenylsulfides, which are analysed by HPLC (9). Sane improvements on removal of reagents at the one hand and on separation of sane by-products on the other hand have to be achieved in order to in­ crease the sensitivity with another factor of ten. 5. CONCLUSION The actual scope and limitations of chemical analysis of odour show that all problems can be tackled as far as emission is concerned. For iititiission measurements seme progress is necessary, but there is no essential reason why chemical analysis would be unable to attain the desired sensitivity for all types of odorants. There is no doubt that in a few years the last dif­ ficulties will be solved. In order to achieve real control of odour nui­ sance, automatic measurement is necessary on a long time basis. There again seme technical development is to be expected. Does this mean that machines are going to decide if an odour is pre­ sent or not? By no means, while the population will always be the reference, and psychophysical measurements will be necessary to make chemical analysis possible." In Odour Prevention and Control of Organic Sludge and Livestock Farming, 171. CRC Press, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482286311-77.

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"The non-dispersive interaction energy between glass and water as a function of pH is expected to reflect the surface charge generated by the exposed chemical functions on the clean glas s surface. The variations in surface charge, generated by the exposed SiOH and aluminum oxide groups, is expected to give rise to fea-tures representing the surface chemistry of the clean glass. The scatter i n the data shown in Figures 4 and 5 allows only general trends to be discerned. The p.z.c.'s at pH 3 and 9 have been described in the preceding paragraphs. It is interesting to note that the chromic acid cleaned glass surfaces behave in a similar manner, showing virtually identical trends. The pyrolysis cleaned glass surfaces show dif-ferences in their behavior across the different glass compositions. These trends correlate with those observed for organic contamination of these surfaces, as de-scribed in Section 3.1, where the chromic acid cleaned glass surfaces all showed similar behavior, while the pyrolyzed glass showed significant differences in its sensitivity to contamination. In particular, the pyrolyzed silica surface shows far lower non-dispersive interaction energy with water than the pyrolyzed Corning code 1737 or sodalime glasses. This features correlates with the high degree of adsorbed contamination, described in Section 3.1, for the pyrolyzed silica surface. The datum in Figure 5 for the non-dispersive interaction energy between a py-rolyzed silica surface and water at pH 7 corresponds to a contact angle of 31°. This is significantly higher than the contact angle of water on a pyrolyzed silica surface freshly immersed into liquid octane. While the surface cleanliness was measured after cleaning, it was not measured after substrate immersion in the acidic or alkaline solutions. It is possible that the comparatively low non-dispersive interaction energy observed for pyrolyzed silica is partially an artifact caused by contamination of the cleaned silica before immersion into liquid oc-tane. Figure 4 shows similar behavior fo r the glass surfaces, suggesting that the alu-minoborosilicate and sodalime glasses show behavior similar to that of a silica surface. This phenomenon may be due to the leaching of soluble alkaline oxides from the glass surfaces during chromic acid cleaning, leaving a surface enriched in silica that behaves essentially in the same way as a chromic acid cleaned silica surface. In Figure 5, the minimum in the non-dispersive interaction energy between glass and water at pH 9 is not present for pyrolyzed sodalime glass. This mini-mum was presumed to be associated with a high sodium ion concentration in solution, neutralizing the SiO" groups at the glass surface. The presence of sodium oxide (see Table 1) in the sodalime glass composition may generate a high so-dium environment for the the silano l groups at the glass surface. The high sodium concentration in the glass may thus be equivalent to a high sodium concentration in solution, neutralizing the p.z.c." In Surface Contamination and Cleaning, 111–13. CRC Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9789047403289-16.

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Conference papers on the topic "Octane Sensitivity"

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Leppard, William R. "The Chemical Origin of Fuel Octane Sensitivity." In International Fuels & Lubricants Meeting & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/902137.

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Yue, Zongyu, Chao Xu, Sibendu Som, C. Scott Sluder, K. Dean Edwards, Russell Whitesides, and Matthew J. Mcnenly. "A Transported Livengood-Wu Integral Model for Knock Prediction in CFD Simulation." In ASME 2020 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2020-2922.

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Abstract This work describes the development of a transported Livengood-Wu (L-W) integral model for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation to predict auto-ignition and engine knock tendency. The currently employed L-W integral model considers both single-stage and two-stage ignition processes, thus can be generally applied to different fuels such as paraffin, olefin, aromatics and alcohol. The model implementation is first validated in simulations of homogeneous charge compression ignition combustion for three different fuels, showing good accuracy in prediction of auto-ignition timing for fuels with either single-stage or two-stage ignition characteristics. Then, the L-W integral model is coupled with G-equation model to indicate end-gas auto-ignition and knock tendency in CFD simulations of a direct-injection spark-ignition engine. This modeling approach is about 10 times more efficient than the ones that based on detailed chemistry calculation and pressure oscillation analysis. Two fuels with same Research Octane Number (RON) but different octane sensitivity are studied, namely Co-Optima Alkylate and Co-Optima E30. Feed-forward neural network model in conjunction with multi-variable minimization technique is used to generate fuel surrogates with targets of matched RON, octane sensitivity and ethanol content. The CFD model is validated against experimental data in terms of pressure traces and heat release rate for both fuels under a wide range of operating conditions. The knock tendency — indicated by the fuel energy contained in the auto-ignited region — of the two fuels at different load conditions correlates well with the experimental results and the fuel octane sensitivity, implying the current knock modeling approach can capture the octane sensitivity effect and can be applied to further investigation on composition of octane sensitivity.
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Moran, Derek P., and Andrew B. Taylor. "An Evaporative and Engine-Cycle Model for Fuel Octane Sensitivity Prediction." In 1995 SAE International Fall Fuels and Lubricants Meeting and Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/952524.

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Singh, Eshan, Abdulrahman Mohammed, Inna Gorbatenko, and Mani Sarathy. "On the Relevance of Octane Sensitivity in Heavily Downsized Spark-Ignited Engines." In 15th International Conference on Engines & Vehicles. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2021-24-0054.

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Zhao, Ziqing, Kaiyuan Cai, Wei Wang, and Yanfei Li. "Effects of Octane Number and Sensitivity on Combustion of Jet Ignition Engine." In WCX SAE World Congress Experience. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2022-01-0435.

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Truedsson, Ida, Martin Tuner, Bengt Johansson, and William Cannella. "Pressure Sensitivity of HCCI Auto-Ignition Temperature for Oxygenated Reference Fuels." In ASME 2012 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2012-92074.

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The current research focuses on creating an HCCI fuel index suitable for comparing different fuels for HCCI operation. One way to characterize a fuel is to use the Auto-Ignition Temperature (AIT). The AIT can be extracted from the pressure trace. Another potentially interesting parameter is the amount of Low Temperature Heat Release (LTHR) that is closely connected to the ignition properties of the fuel. The purpose of this study was to map the AIT and amount of LTHR of different oxygenated reference fuels in HCCI combustion at different cylinder pressures. Blends of n-heptane, iso-octane and ethanol were tested in a CFR engine with variable compression ratio. Five different inlet air temperatures ranging from 50°C to 150°C were used to achieve different cylinder pressures and the compression ratio was changed accordingly to keep a constant combustion phasing, CA50, of 3±1° after TDC. The experiments were carried out in lean operation with a constant equivalence ratio of 0.33 and with a constant engine speed of 600 rpm. The amount of ethanol needed to suppress LTHR from different PRFs was evaluated. The AIT and the amount of LTHR for different combinations of n-heptane, iso-octane and ethanol were charted.
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Lopez Pintor, Dario, John Dec, and Gerald Gentz. "Experimental Evaluation of a Custom Gasoline-Like Blend Designed to Simultaneously Improve ϕ-Sensitivity, RON and Octane Sensitivity." In WCX SAE World Congress Experience. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2020-01-1136.

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Shi, Hao, Yanzhao An, and Bengt Johansson. "Study of Fuel Octane Sensitivity Effects on Gasoline Partially Premixed Combustion Using Optical Diagnostics." In 14th International Conference on Engines & Vehicles. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2019-24-0025.

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Mehl, M., T. Faravelli, E. Ranzi, F. Giavazzi, P. Scorletti, D. Terna, G. D'Errico, T. Lucchini, and A. Onorati. "Kinetic Modelling Study of Octane Number and Sensitivity of Hydrocarbon Mixtures in CFR Engines." In 7th International Conference on Engines for Automobile. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-24-077.

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Jain, Siddharth K., Abhijeet S. Badhe, and Suresh K. Aggarwal. "Effect of Fuel Sensitivity on PAH Emissions in Low-Octane Naphtha Partially Premixed Flames." In 2018 AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-1713.

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