Journal articles: 'Ocimum species'

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Saha, S., T. D. Dhar, C. Sengupta, and P. Ghosh. "Biological activities of essential oils and methanol extracts of five Ocimum species against pathogenic bacteria." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 31, No. 2 (April 18, 2013): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/234/2012-cjfs.

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The essential oils and methanol extracts of Ocimum basilicum L., Ocimum kilimandscharicum Guerke, Ocimum gratissimum L, Ocimum canum Sims, and Ocimum tenuiflorum L. (green type) were examined for their potential antibacterial activities. The chemical composition of essential oils of Ocimum species was analysed by GC-MS. The inhibitory effects of essential oils and methanol extracts were studied on two Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus luteus) and five Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella dysenteriae, Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholera, and Shigella flexneri) bacteria using disc-diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was assessed by micro broth dilution method. The antibacterial test results showed that the essential oils of Ocimum basilicum L., Ocimum kilimandscharicum Guerke, and Ocimum gratissimum L. strongly inhibited the growth of all of the microorganisms studied, especially of the Gram-negative strains, whereas other two essential oils showed moderate activities. The result may suggest that the essential oils of Ocimum possess compounds with antibacterial activities, and therefore could be used as natural preservative ingredients in food and/or pharmaceutical industries.  

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Ramaiah, Maddi, Amani Prathi, Bhavitha Singam, Gayathri Tulluru, and Lohitha Tummala. "A REVIEW ON OCIMUM SPECIES: OCIMUM AMERICANUM L., OCIMUM BASILICUM L., OCIMUM GRATISSIMUM L. AND OCIMUM TENUIFLORUM L." International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy 10, no. 3 (August 14, 2019): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.7897/2277-4343.100359.

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Nagbanshi, Durgesh, and Akshya Kumar Mishra. "Variation of Chlorophyll Content Among the Different Tulsi Species Found in Nuapada District, Odisha." Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 3, no. 2 (April 1, 2024): 17–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.55544/jrasb.3.2.5.

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The Tulsi plant, also known as Holy Basil, is a sacred herb in Hinduism and is revered for its medicinal properties as well. It belongs to the Lamiaceae (mint) family and is native to the Indian subcontinent. Tulsi is widely cultivated and is found in many Hindu households where it is worshipped daily. In this work there was an attempt to made to find out chlorophyll content of different Tulsi species found in Nuapada district, Odisha. In this work we were compare chlorophyll pigment of 4 different species of tulsi of Nuapda such as Ocimum tenuiflorum (black tulshi), Ocimum sanctum (green tulshi), Ocimum basilcum (dohna) and Ocimum gratissuma (van tulshi). Among them maximum total chlorophyll content found in Ocimum tenuifflorum And list in Ocimum sanctum. The chlorophyll a found maximum in Ocimum basilcum. And minimum in Ocimum gratissuma.The chlorophyll b found maximum in Ocimum basilcum and minimum in Ocimum tenuiflorum. The total chlorophyll found Ocimum gratissum and minimum in Ocimum sanctum. Such type of work provides us data regarding distribution of chlorophyll in different species of a genera.

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Bhattacharya, Aniket, Ashok Aggarwal, Navnita Sharma, and Jagbeer Cheema. "Evaluation of some anti-oxidative constituents of three species of Ocimum." International Journal of Life Sciences 8, no. 5 (January 8, 2015): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v8i5.11858.

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The use herbal medicines for combating with several kinds of health hazards has been traditionally practiced by different human societies since long past. Among the plants known for their therapeutic value, the genus Ocimum, commonly known as ‘Basil’ is very important for its curative potential. In traditional Ayurvedic system mainly the leaves and the seeds of different species of ‘Basil’ were recommended for household remedies from several diseases. Three different species of Ocimum (Ocimum sanctum L., Ocimum basilicum L. and Ocimum canum Sims.) were grown under laboratory condition for analyzing some of their antioxidative constituents using standard methods. The results revealed that the leaf extract of Ocimum canum had the highest amount of carotenoids, phenolics, and flavonoid content than the other two species. Riboflavin and thiamine content also much higher in Ocimum canum, whereas Ocimum sanctum contained highest amount of ascorbic acid. The results obtained in this effort clearly indicate that, the leaves of these three species of ‘Basil’ have strong antioxidative potential, and surely can be used as a cheap source of natural antioxidants.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v8i5.11858

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Rai, Abhishek Kumar, Samreen Khan, Akhilesh Kumar, Basant Kumar Dubey, R. K. Lal, Ashutosh Tiwari, Prabodh Kumar Trivedi, Christopher T. Elliott, and Ratnasekhar Ch. "Comprehensive Metabolomic Fingerprinting Combined with Chemometrics Identifies Species- and Variety-Specific Variation of Medicinal Herbs: An Ocimum Study." Metabolites 13, no. 1 (January 13, 2023): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo13010122.

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Identification of plant species is a crucial process in natural products. Ocimum, often referred to as the queen of herbs, is one of the most versatile and globally used medicinal herbs for various health benefits due to it having a wide variety of pharmacological activities. Despite there being significant global demand for this medicinal herb, rapid and comprehensive metabolomic fingerprinting approaches for species- and variety-specific classification are limited. In this study, metabolomic fingerprinting of five Ocimum species (Ocimum basilicum L., Ocimum sanctum L., Ocimum africanum Lour., Ocimum kilimandscharicum Gurke., and Hybrid Tulsi) and their varieties was performed using LC-MS, GC-MS, and the rapid fingerprinting approach FT-NIR combined with chemometrics. The aim was to distinguish the species- and variety-specific variation with a view toward developing a quality assessment of Ocimum species. Discrimination of species and varieties was achieved using principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares discriminate analysis (PLS-DA), data-driven soft independent modelling of class analogy (DD-SIMCA), random forest, and K-nearest neighbours with specificity of 98% and sensitivity of 99%. Phenolics and flavonoids were found to be major contributing markers for species-specific variation. The present study established comprehensive metabolomic fingerprinting consisting of rapid screening and confirmatory approaches as a highly efficient means to identify the species and variety of Ocimum, being able to be applied for the quality assessment of other natural medicinal herbs.

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SWANEPOEL, WESSEL, and ERNST J. VAN JAARSVELD. "Ocimum sebrabergensis (Lamiaceae), a new species from Namibia." Phytotaxa 405, no. 4 (June 6, 2019): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.405.4.4.

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Ocimum sebrabergensis, here described as new species, has a restricted range and is only known from the Zebra Mountains within the Kaokoveld Centre of Endemism, northwestern Namibia. These shrubs grow on clayey soil among greyish black rocks of anorthosite. Diagnostic characters for O. sebrabergensis include the mauve-coloured corolla with four orbicular lobes on the posterior lip and the calyx which has the lateral lobes of the anterior lip asymmetric lanceolate. Ocimum sebrabergensis is placed in Ocimum subg. Ocimum sect. Hiantia subsect. Hiantia ser. Serpyllifolium. A comparison of some of the more prominent morphological features to differentiate between O. sebrabergensis and its possible nearest relatives, O. burchellianum and O. fimbriatum, are provided. Based on IUCN Red List categories and criteria, a conservation assessment of Vulnerable (VU D1) is recommended for the new species.

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Homa, Kathryn, William P. Barney, Daniel L. Ward, Christian A. Wyenandt, and James E. Simon. "Morphological Characteristics and Susceptibility of Basil Species and Cultivars to Peronospora belbahrii." HortScience 51, no. 11 (November 2016): 1389–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci09778-16.

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Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) is the most economically important culinary herb in the United States. In 2007, a new disease, basil downy mildew (BDM), caused by the oomycete pathogen Peronospora belbahrii, was introduced into the United States and has since caused significant losses in commercial basil production. Although no commercial sweet basils available are resistant to P. belbahrii, other species of Ocimum have exhibited potential tolerance, resistance, or both. The objectives of this work were to determine if leaf morphological characteristics including stomata density and leaf curvature correlated with infection of plants by P. belbahrii, and thus could be used as selected characters in plant breeding. In 2011, 20 Ocimum cultivars including sweet (O. basilicum), cinnamon (O. basilicum), clove (O. basilicum), citrus (Ocimum ×africanum syn. Ocimum citriodorum), spice (Ocimum americanum syn. Ocimum canum), and holy basils (Ocimum tenuiflorum syn. Ocimum sanctum) were evaluated for susceptibility to downy mildew. Sweet basils were determined to be the most susceptible; cinnamon, clove, and Thai types were moderately susceptible; and citrus, spice, and holy types were least susceptible to downy mildew. Using those same 20 Ocimum species and cultivars, stomata length and density and leaf curvature were measured and correlated with downy mildew incidence and severity. In general, basil species with higher stomatal densities had higher downy mildew incidence and severity. High stomatal densities were mainly found in the sweet, cinnamon, and clove basils. Citrus and spice species with longer stomatal lengths generally exhibited lower downy mildew incidence. Holy basil, the least susceptible of all Ocimum sp. to P. belbahrii evaluated in this study, had the greatest stomatal density and shortest stomatal length. Some sweet basil cultivars with the highest downy mildew incidence also had the greatest downward leaf curvature, whereas other sweet basil cultivars with moderate downy mildew incidence had leaves that were nearly flat or curved upward. Holy, citrus, and spice basils with low downy mildew incidence had leaves that were nearly flat or curved upward. This study suggests that leaf curvature and stomatal density and length affect downy mildew development and sporulation. Considerations of these leaf morphological characteristics may be useful phenotypic traits in breeding for downy mildew resistance in Ocimum.

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Du, Pengmeng, Honglun Yuan, Yayu Chen, Haihong Zhou, Youjin Zhang, Menglan Huang, Yiding Jiangfang, et al. "Identification of Key Aromatic Compounds in Basil (Ocimum L.) Using Sensory Evaluation, Metabolomics and Volatilomics Analysis." Metabolites 13, no. 1 (January 4, 2023): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo13010085.

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Basil (Ocimum L.) is widely used as a flavor ingredient, however research on basil flavor is limited. In the current study, nine basil species were selected, including Ocimum basilicum L.var. pilosum (Willd.) Benth., Ocimum sanctum, Ocimum basilicum cinnamon, Ocimum gratissimum var. suave, Ocimum tashiroi, Ocimum basilicum, Ocimum americanum, Ocimum basilicum ct linalool, and Ocimum basilicum var. basilicum, and their fragrance and flavor characteristics were assessed by sensory evaluation. The results indicated that Ocimum basilicum var. basilicum and Ocimum gratissimum var. suave have a strong clove smell and exhibited a piquant taste. Metabolomics and volatilomics analyses measured 100 nonvolatile metabolites and 134 volatiles. Differential analysis showed that eugenol, γ-terpinene, germacrene D and malic acid were among the most varied metabolites in basil species. Combined with sensory evaluation results, correlation analysis revealed that β-pinene and γ-cadinene contributed to the piquant smell, while eugenol and germacrene D contributed to the clove smell, and malic acid and L-(−)-arabitol contributed to the sweet flavor in basil. This study provided comprehensive flavor chemistry profiles of basil species and could be used as a guide for basil flavor improvement. The better understanding of objective sensory attributes and chemical composition of fresh basil could introduce the improved cultivars with preponderant traits, which is also in accordance with the various demands of breeders and growers, food producers, and consumers.

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Vieira, Roberto F., James E. Simon, Peter Goldsbrough, and Antonio Figueira. "Genetic Diversity of Basil (Ocimum spp. - Lamiaceae) Based on RAPD Markers and Volatile Oil Constituents." HortScience 33, no. 3 (June 1998): 492f—493. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.3.492f.

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Essential oils extracted from basil (Ocimum spp.) by steam distillation are used to flavor foods, oral products, in fragrances, and in traditional medicines. The genus Ocimum contains around 30 species native to the tropics and subtropics, with some species naturalized and/or cultivated in temperate areas. Interand intraspecific hybridization have created significant confusion in the botanical systematics of this genus. Taxonomy of basil (O. basilicum) is also complicated by the existence of numerous varieties, cultivars, and chemotypes within the species that do not differ significantly in morphology. In this study we are using RAPD markers and volatile oil composition to characterize the genetic diversity among the most economically important Ocimum species. We hypothesize that the genetic similarity revealed by molecular markers will more accurately reflect the morphological and chemical differences in Ocimum than essential oil composition per se. Preliminary research using five Ocimum species, four undetermined species, and eight varieties of O. basilicum (a total of 19 accessions) generated 107 polymorphic fragments amplified with 19 primers. RAPDs are able to discriminate between Ocimum species, but show a high degree of similarity between O. basilicum varieties. The genetic distance between nine species and among 55 accessions within the species O. americanum, O. basilicum, O. campechianum, O. × citriodorum, O. gratissimum, O. kilimandscharium, O. minimum, O. selloi, and O. tenuiflorum will be analyzed by matrix of similarity and compared to the volatile oil profile. This research will for the first time apply molecular markers to characterize the genetic diversity of Ocimum associate with volatile oil constituent.

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Agarwal, Chhaya, N. L. Sharma, and S. S. Gaurav. "Anti epileptic activity of ocimum species: A brief review." International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 1, no. 4 (December 21, 2013): 180–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v1i4.9168.

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The Ocimum species is a medicinal herb used in the indigenous system of medicine. Ocimum sp. have variety of biological, pharmacological properties such as antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antimalarial, anthelmentic, antidiarrhoeal, antiinflammatory, antihypertensive, cardioprotective, central nervous system (CNS) depressant, antidiabetic, antithyroidic, antioxidant, anticancer, chemopreventive, radioprotective, immunomodulatory, antifertility, antiulcer, antiarthritic, antistress, antileucodermal and anticoagulant activities. Sevral species of Ocimum are used to cure central nervous system (CNS) disorders.in various part of the world due to its anticonvulsant property .epilepsy is a chronic disorder which is characterized by seizures. Seizures are resistant to treatment with currently available anticonvulsant drug (AEDs) in about one out of three patient with epilepsy. This review refers to the study of ocimum as an antiepileptic drug (AEDs) because of its specific anticonvulsant property.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v1i4.9168 Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 1(4): 180-183

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Kruger, Hans, Sabine Wetzel, and Barbel Zeiger. "The Chemical Variability of Ocimum Species." Journal of Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants 9, no. 4 (October 8, 2002): 335–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j044v09n04_11.

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12

Mulugeta, Sintayehu Musie, Zsuzsanna Pluhár, and Péter Radácsi. "Phenotypic Variations and Bioactive Constituents among Selected Ocimum Species." Plants 13, no. 1 (December 24, 2023): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants13010064.

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Basil (Ocimum species) represents an extraordinary group of aromatic plants that have gained considerable economic importance, primarily due to their essential oils, which have applications in medicine, culinary, and perfumery. The Ocimum genus encompasses more than 60 species of herbs and shrubs originally native to tropical regions. This genus stands out for its remarkable diversity, displaying a wide spectrum of variations in phenotype, chemical composition, and genetic makeup. In addition to genetic factors, the growth, development, and essential oil production of basil are also influenced by environmental conditions, ontogeny, and various other factors. Consequently, the primary objective of this study was to explore the diversity in both the morphological characteristics and essential oil composition among basil genotypes preserved within the gene bank of the Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences’ Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. The investigation involved the assessment of fifteen basil genotypes, representing four distinct species: Ocimum basilicum (including ‘Anise’, ‘Clove’, ‘Fino Verde’, ‘Licorice’, ‘Mammoth’, ‘Mrs. Burns’, ‘Thai tömzsi’, ‘Thai hosszú’, and ‘Vietnamese basil’), Ocimum sanctum (green holy basils), Ocimum citrodora (Lemon basil), and Ocimum gratissimum (African and Vana holy basil). The genotypes exhibited significant variations in their morphological growth, essential oil content (EOC), and composition. African basil produced more biomass (408.3 g/plant) and showed robust growth. The sweet basil cultivars clove, licorice, Thai tömzsi, and Thai hosszú also exhibited similar robust growth trends. Vietnamese basil, on the other hand, displayed the lowest fresh biomass of 82.0 g per plant. Both holy basils showed EOC levels below 0.5%, while Mrihani basil stood out with the highest EOC of 1.7%. The predominant constituents of the essential oil among these genotypes comprised estragole, thymol, methyl cinnamate, linalool, and eugenol. In conclusion, this study showed that the genotypes of basil stored in the department’s gene bank exhibit a wide range of variability, both within and between species.

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Sobrinho, Raimundo Braga, and Maria do Socorro Cavalcante de Sousa Mota. "Essential oils on the control of melon leafminer." Brazilian Journal of Animal and Environmental Research 6, no. 1 (January 20, 2023): 58–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.34188/bjaerv6n1-007.

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Studies on the effect of essential oils for the control of melon leaf miner adults (Liriomyza trifolii Burgess) and the phytoxicity on melon plants (Cucumis melo L.) were carried out under green house and laboratory experiments with the aim to find the effectivity of essential oils to control this pest. Essential oils (treatments) used in the tests belonged to the following plant species: Ocimum basilicum, Ocimum kilimandshanicum, Lippia alba, Ocimum gratissimum, Cymbopogon citratus, Ocimum micrantum, Lippia sidoides, Pipper aduncum, Citrus sinensis, Ocimum selloi and water as the control. In addition, two mixtures were evaluated: Mix 1 (Ocimum selloi + Pipper aduncum) and Mix 2 (Ocimum kilimandshanicum + Ocimum gratissimum). Each essential oil evaluated had the following dilutions: 0.125%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 3.0%, 5.0%, 7.0%, and 10.0%. The dilution 0.125% of Ocimum basilicum, Ocimum kilimandshanicum, Ocimum seloi, Cimbopogon citratus, Lippia alba, Peper aduncum and Mix 2 presented the best results by not causing any phytotoxicity damage to melon leaves. The other dilutions were significantly different from the pattern water. As result, the essential oil of the species Ocimum kilimandshanicum with 0.125% caused 100.0% of mortality to melon leaf miner adults and it did not cause any phytotocixity damage to melon leaves. Therefore, these results suggest that this essential oil presents a high potential to be a future commercially friendly product against melon leaf miner pest.

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Mahajan, Nipun, Shruti Rawal, Monika Verma, Mayur Poddar, and Shashi Alok. "A phytopharmacological overview on Ocimum species with special emphasis on Ocimum sanctum." Biomedicine & Preventive Nutrition 3, no. 2 (April 2013): 185–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bionut.2012.08.002.

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Krishnan, Remya, Devika KS, and Jerry C. Jacson. "FTIR analysis and evaluation of phytochemicals from various solvent extracts of Ocimum gratissimum L. and Ocimum sanctum L." South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology 13, no. 4 (December 25, 2023): 263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.13(4).p263-268.

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The therapeutic potentiality of medicinal plants is attributed by the presence of a wide range of secondary metabolites or phytochemicals which will have various pharmacological activities. It is well known that every plant species possess complex mixture of bioactive compounds in which each component contributes to its overall bioactivity. The genus Ocimum, has long been acclaimed for their diversity and economic, nutritional, industrial and medicinal importance. The enormous information revealed by the ethnomedicinal applications of Ocimum species demands a scientific investigation into its chemical constituents. In the present study comparison of two Ocimum species, Ocimum gratissimum L. and O. sanctum L. were done in terms of phytochemical constituents and FT IR spectral analysis. Both Ocimum species showed variation in the presence of phytochemicals in different non polar to polar solvents extracts. FT-IR spectral analysis was attempted to analyze the functional groups and characteristic absorption bands & their corresponding functional groups revealed variations in fingerprint band features of Ocimum species. For O. gratissimum, the FTIR spectral peak starts at 3969.50 whereas in O. sanctum it was at 3967.57. The shared FT-IR regions between the species were 366.48, 489.92, 696.30, 1068.56, 1394.53, 2937.59 and 3728.40. Similarly, the unique bands for O. gratissimum were 1166.93 and 1512.19, while 1842.02 and 2397.52 represent that for O. sanctum. The FT-IR analysis revealed the presence of varied functional groups. Thus, the FT-IR spectra validated the presence of various phytochemicals in the plant.

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Agarwal, Karishma, Dhananjay Kumar Singh, Jyotshna Jyotshna, Ateeque Ahmad, Karuna Shanker, Sudeep Tandon, and Suaib Luqman. "Antioxidative potential of two chemically characterized Ocimum (Tulsi) species extracts." Biomedical Research and Therapy 4, no. 9 (September 16, 2017): 1574. http://dx.doi.org/10.15419/bmrat.v4i9.366.

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Background: Ocimum sanctum and Ocimum kilimandscharicum are cultivated in Indian subcontinent both for the religious and medicinal properties. Traditionally, the leaves have been reported for their enormous therapeutic potentials but the roots which are otherwise considered as a waste part have not been explored for their pharmacological activity. Methods: Total phenolic content, free radical scavenging and ferric reducing antioxidant potential of various extracts from Ocimum sanctum and Ocimum kilimandscharicum were assessed and compared. In vitro antioxidant activity was estimated spectrophotometrically and the most potent ethyl acetate extract was chemically characterized by developing the chemical fingerprint and quantifying the probable constituents with the help of HPLC/LC-MS techniques. Results: The ethyl acetate extract of both the species exhibited significant free radical scavenging potential and also reduced the ferric ions. It was observed that ethyl acetate extract have superior ferric reducing potential than other tested extracts, which were evidenced by high ferrous sulphate equivalent value of 77.05 ± 1.54 and 80.98 ± 0.80 at 100 µg/ml for O. sanctum and O. kilimandscharium respectively. The ferric reducing capacity of ethyl acetate extract for both the species was also evidenced by an elevated optical density of 1.64 ± 0.12 and 2.14 ± 0.08. Ocimum sanctum exhibited better antioxidant capacity (11.31 ± 0.20 AScE) as compared to Ocimum kilimandscharium (9.08 ± 0.27 AScE). The total phenolic and flavonoid content were estimated by spectrophotometric method and tentatively characterized by HPLC/LC-MS profiling which revealed the presence of rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid along with its derivatives such as caffeoyl-dihydroxyphenyllactoyl-tartaric acid. Conclusion: The ethyl acetate extract of both the species being rich in phenolic and flavonoid contents exhibited potent antioxidant activity. The presence of flavonoid in ethyl acetate extracts further co-relates the antioxidative properties of roots extracts. To the best of our knowledge and understanding this is the first report of comparative chemical profiling by RP-HPLC/LC-MS and antioxidant potential of roots of two Ocimum species. Peer Review Details Peer review method: Single-Blind (Peer-reviewers: 02) Peer-review policy Plagiarism software screening?: Yes Date of Original Submission: 27 July 2017 Date accepted: 23 August 2017 Peer reviewers approved by: Dr. Lili Hami Editor who approved publication: Dr. Phuc Van Pham

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Vieira, Roberto F., Peter Goldsbrough, and James E. Simon. "Genetic Diversity of Basil (Ocimum spp.) Based on RAPD Markers." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 128, no. 1 (January 2003): 94–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.128.1.0094.

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Molecular markers were used to assess genetic diversity in basil (Ocimum L. spp., Lamiaceae). Using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis, 11 primers generated 98 polymorphic bands, ranging from 300 to 2,000 base pairs, that discriminated among 37 accessions across nine Ocimum spp. Means of genetic similarities within Ocimum spp. showed that the domesticated species, O. minimum L. (0.887), O. basilicum L. (0.769), and O. ×citriodorum Vis. (0.711) had highest similarity indices within species, while the nondomesticated, O. americanum L. (0.580), O. gratissimum L. (0.408), and O. kilimandscharicum Guerke (0.559) showed the lowest similarity. RAPD results indicated that O. minimum should not be considered a distinct species but rather a variety of O. basilicum. Consistent clusters among all but one of the O. ×citriodorum spp., all containing citral as the major constituent, were identified using bootstrap analysis. RAPD analysis was useful in discriminating among Ocimum spp., although within species resolution will require a higher number of polymorphic bands.

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M. Chiranjeevi and P. Chaya. "Pollen characterization and medicinal importance of Ocimum species of Lamiaceae from Telangana region of South India." International Journal of Science and Research Archive 8, no. 1 (March 30, 2023): 960–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2023.8.1.0186.

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Pollen morphology is one of the important tools for the taxonomic studies and helps in the identification of medicinal plants. Pollen characterization of three species of Ocimum viz., Ocimum tenuiflorum, Ocimum gratissimum, and Ocimum basilicum collected from Telangana region of South India during 2022 was carried out by using Light Microscope (LM). The pollen grains showed variations in size, shape, with amb spheroidal to ellipsoidal. All the species had hexacolpate pollen grains. The exine is subtectate and sporoderm ornamentation is reticulate with variations in heterobrochate conditions. The lumina varied from penta, hexa, polygonal to irregular form. The plants studied in the present work were known for their medicinal use having antibacterial and antiviral properties and most important in traditional system of medicine.

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Ugbabe, G. E., E. Owen-Obaseki, S. O. Abdulahi, S. R. Chinonyerem, S. E. Okhale, and J. A. Ibrahim. "Leaf Epidermal Microscopy, Chemo-Microscopy and GC-MS Analyses of Three Ocimum Species from Nigeria." Asian Plant Research Journal 11, no. 2 (April 8, 2023): 10–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/aprj/2023/v11i2206.

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Comparative analyses of the leaf epidermal microscopy, chemo-microscopy and GCMS analysis of essential oils from three Ocimum species were analyzed. Ocimum belong to the family Lamiaceae. Leaf epidermal microscopy revealed anomocytic stomata in the species studied. Ocimum basilicum has anomocytic stomata on both surfaces but were more abundant on the lower surface; cell walls were wavy on the upper surface and had glandular trichomes on both surfaces. Ocimum canum had anomocytic stomata on both surfaces; cell walls were wavy and trichomes were glandular and non-glandular occurring on both surfaces but occurring more on the upper surface. The non-glandular trichomes are cone-shaped with pointed tip. Ocimum gratissimum has anomacytic stomata on both surfaces occurring more on the lower surface; the cell walls are curved on both surfaces and glandular trichomes occur on both surfaces which are more abundant on the lower surface. The glandular trichomes are radially flagellated in all the species studied. Lignin, tannins, cellulose, mucilage, starch, calcium oxalate, oils and proteins were observed in all species studied. The GC-MS analyses of the leaf essential oils revealed 35 compounds for O. basilicum, 49 compounds for O. canum and 34 compounds for O. gratissimum with 3-allyl-6-methoxyphenol being the most abundant in O. basilicum (34.42%); 1-Cyclopentene-1-methanol,2-methyl-5-1-methyl, the most abundant in O. canum (29.56%) and thymol being the most abundant in O. gratissimum (48.04%). The leaf epidermal microscopy and the chemo-microscopy can be used for the standardization of the plant. Chemical composition of the three Ocimum species can be used for the treatment of several diseases.

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Dharsono, Hendra Dian Adhita, Salsabila Aqila Putri, Dikdik Kurnia, Dudi Dudi, and Mieke Hemiawati Satari. "Ocimum Species: A Review on Chemical Constituents and Antibacterial Activity." Molecules 27, no. 19 (September 26, 2022): 6350. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27196350.

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Infection by bacteria is one of the main problems in health. The use of commercial antibiotics is still one of the treatments to overcome these problems. However, high levels of consumption lead to antibiotic resistance. Several types of antibiotics have been reported to experience resistance. One solution that can be given is the use of natural antibacterial products. There have been many studies reporting the potential antibacterial activity of the Ocimum plant. Ocimum is known to be one of the medicinal plants that have been used traditionally by local people. This plant contains components of secondary metabolites such as phenolics, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, and alkaloids. Therefore, in this paper, we will discuss five types of Ocimum species, namely O. americanum, O. basilicum, O. gratissimum, O. campechianum, and O. sanctum. The five species are known to contain many chemical constituents and have good antibacterial activity against several pathogenic bacteria.

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Rahul, Vishav Prakash, Bhumika Kapoor, Sougata Sarkar, and Sabha Jeet. "Seasonal incidence of Ocimum tingid bug, Cochlochila bullita Stal (Heteroptera: Tingidae) on three different species of Ocimum viz. Ocimum basilicum L., Ocimum sanctum L. and Ocimum kilimandscharicum Guerke." Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 9, no. 4 (July 1, 2020): 3138–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22271/phyto.2020.v9.i4ae.12093.

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Kushwaha, Sonal Singh, Priya Gupta, and Suman Panwar. "A COMPARATIVE PHARMACOGNOSTIC EVALUATION OF THE LEAVES OF TULSI (OCIMUM BASALICUM) AND (OCIMUM SANCTUM)." International Research Journal of Ayurveda & Yoga 7, no. 4 (April 30, 2024): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.48165/irjay.2024.70402.

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The pharmacognostic evaluation of Ocimum basilicum (Sweet Basil) and Ocimum sanctum (Holy Basil) involved detailed macroscopic and microscopic analyses of their leaves. Ocimum basilicum leaves typically measure 4-8 cm in length, displaying an elliptic ovate shape, whereas Ocimum sanctum leaves are relatively smaller, measuring about 2-2.5 cm in length and exhibiting an ovate shape. Microscopic examination further distinguished between the two species: O. sanctum displayed a square-shaped epidermis characterized by parenchymatous cells and sclerenchyma patches, whereas O. basilicum showcased a dorsiventral mesophyll structure with stomata and glandular trichomes. These distinctive features contribute significantly to the standardization, authentication, and quality control processes essential for ensuring the efficacy and safety of herbal medicine formulations containing Ocimum basilicum and Ocimum sanctum.

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Stefan, Marius, Maria Zamfirache, Claudia Padurariu, Elena Trută, and Irina Gostin. "The composition and antibacterial activity of essential oils in three Ocimum species growing in Romania." Open Life Sciences 8, no. 6 (June 1, 2013): 600–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11535-013-0171-8.

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AbstractIn this study the glandular hair morphology, chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils from three Ocimum species have been investigated (Ocimum basilicum L. var. Genovese, O. gratissimum and O. tenuiflorum). The indumentum shows little variation among the investigated species with both glandular and non-glandular hairs presents. Glandular hairs on the three species are peltate and capitate (with various cell numbers in the stalk and gland). The samples of essential oils obtained from the plant aerial organs by hydrodistillation have been analyzed by GC-MS. Linalool (65.38%, 74.22%, 38.60%), eugenol (5.26%, 3.47%, 10.20%) and tau-cadinol (8.18%, 3.47%, 10.20%) appear as the main components in Ocimum basilicum L. var. Genovese, O. gratissimum and O. tenuiflorum. The oils also contain lower levels of α-bergamotene, 1,8-cineole, germacrene D, β-ocimene, α-caryophyllene, camphor, and α-guaiene. All essential oils showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli depending on their concentration. Ocimum basilicum L. var. Genovese oil produced the strongest antibacterial effect on S. aureus and E. coli.

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Yarou, Boni Barthélémy, Aimé H. Bokonon-Ganta, François J. Verheggen, Georges C. Lognay, and Frédéric Francis. "Aphid Behavior on Amaranthus hybridus L. (Amaranthaceae) Associated with Ocimum spp. (Lamiaceae) as Repellent Plants." Agronomy 10, no. 5 (May 20, 2020): 736. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10050736.

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Various plant species contain biocidal and/or semiochemical components. These can be used for managing insect pests, in order to reduce the use of synthetic pesticides and to improve the quality of vegetable crops. This study was conducted to assess the effect of repellent plants Ocimum gratissimum L. and Ocimum basilicum L. on aphids Aphis craccivora Koch, Aphis fabae Scopoli and Myzus persicae Sulzer when they are associated with Amaranthus hybridus L. plants. The results have shown that in the two approaches tested—Ocimum sp. plants surrounded by A. hybridus plants and the dual-choice test—the number of aphids on the A. hybridus plant associated with either O. gratissimum or O. basilicum was significantly less significant compared to the A. hybridus alone. This first study on the association between A. hybridus and Ocimum spp. shows that the Ocimum species might be used as an alternative method for controlling aphids in order to avoid the use of synthetic pesticides on Amaranthus. The ability of Ocimum spp. to repel pests can make it an important companion plant for farmers, because those plants can not only be used to control pests, but they can also be harvested, providing a direct economic return.

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Bhamra, Sukvinder Kaur, Michael Heinrich, Mark R. D. Johnson, Caroline Howard, and Adrian Slater. "The Cultural and Commercial Value of Tulsi (Ocimum tenuiflorum L.): Multidisciplinary Approaches Focusing on Species Authentication." Plants 11, no. 22 (November 18, 2022): 3160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11223160.

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Tulsi (Holy basil, Ocimum tenuiflorum L., Lamiaceae), native to Asia, has become globalised as the cultural, cosmetic, and medicinal uses of the herb have been popularised. DNA barcoding, a molecular technique used to identify species based on short regions of DNA, can discriminate between different species and identify contaminants and adulterants. This study aimed to explore the values associated with Tulsi in the United Kingdom (UK) and authenticate samples using DNA barcoding. A mixed methods approach was used, incorporating social research (i.e., structured interviews) and DNA barcoding of Ocimum samples using the ITS and trnH-psbA barcode regions. Interviews revealed the cultural significance of Tulsi: including origins, knowledge exchange, religious connotations, and medicinal uses. With migration, sharing of plants and seeds has been seen as Tulsi plants are widely grown in South Asian (SA) households across the UK. Vouchered Ocimum specimens (n = 33) were obtained to create reference DNA barcodes which were not available in databases. A potential species substitution of O. gratissimum instead of O. tenuiflorum amongst SA participants was uncovered. Commercial samples (n = 47) were difficult to authenticate, potentially due to DNA degradation during manufacturing processes. This study highlights the cultural significance of Tulsi, despite a potential species substitution, the plant holds a prestigious place amongst SA families in the UK. DNA barcoding was a reliable way to authenticate Ocimum species.

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Castro, Thiago Luis Aguayo de, Maria do Socorro Mascarenhas, Gleice Américo do Carmo Pinto, and Claudia Andrea Lima Cardoso. "Ocimum carnosum (Spreng.) Link & Otto (Sin. Ocimum selloi Benth): A Species with Food and Medicinal Potential." Fronteiras: Journal of Social, Technological and Environmental Science 12, no. 2 (August 10, 2023): 202–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21664/2238-8869.2023v12i2.p202-220.

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The species of the Lamiaceae family are known both for their use as condiments and for their biologically active properties, in this family is the genus Ocimum. This genus contains compounds such as flavonoids, carotenoids and vitamins, which have medicinal, food and cosmetic potential. Ocimum carnosum (Spreng) Link & Otto ex Benth (Lamiaceae), formerly known as Ocimum selloi Benth, is a herbaceous plant produced in the South and Southwest regions of Brazil. It is rich in compounds that can be used in various products. Thus, this study aims to present a review of studies involving the chemical composition and biological activities of O. carnosum, a versatile plant that has several potential.

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Marchioni, Ilaria, Basma Najar, Barbara Ruffoni, Andrea Copetta, Luisa Pistelli, and Laura Pistelli. "Bioactive Compounds and Aroma Profile of Some Lamiaceae Edible Flowers." Plants 9, no. 6 (May 28, 2020): 691. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9060691.

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Edible flowers are consumed for their appearance, colours, nutritional and healthy properties, but the use is limited by the actual number of the species. Seven edible flowers of the Lamiaceae family (Ocimeae and Mentheae tribes) were investigated: Monarda didyma ‘Fireball’, Nepeta × faassenii ‘Six Hills Giant’, Ocimum basilicum ‘Blue Spice’, O. basilicum ‘Cinnamon’, Ocimum × citriodorum, Salvia discolor, and Salvia microphylla ‘Hot Lips’. Total soluble sugars, proteins, polyphenols, carotenoids, ascorbic acid and antioxidant activity were detected. The species of the Mentheae tribe contained higher sugar content than Ocimeae flowers, the opposite with regard to protein content. Ocimeae tribe flowers showed high polyphenols and carotenoids content. The Ocimeae tribe together with two specie of the Mentheae tribe showed an aroma profile dominated by sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (58.0% in S. discolor to 77.9% in Ocimum × citriodorum). Oxygenated monoterpenes prevailed in Nepeta and Monarda, also present in the essential oil of this latter species (84.5%). By contrast, Nepeta and S. discolor evidenced non-terpenes as the principal class (41.2% and 77.5%, respectively), while the oxygenated sesquiterpene was the main one in S. microphylla. The two varieties of Ocimum spp. showed oxygenated monoterpenes as the main class of volatiles.

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McCALLUM, DONALD A., and KEVIN BALKWILL. "A new species of Ocimum (Lamiaceae) from Swaziland." Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 145, no. 3 (July 2004): 379–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2004.00290.x.

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Ben-Naim, Yariv, Lidan Falach, and Yigal Cohen. "Resistance Against Basil Downy Mildew in Ocimum Species." Phytopathology® 105, no. 6 (June 2015): 778–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-11-14-0295-r.

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Downy mildew, caused by the oomycete Peronospora belbahrii, is a devastating disease of sweet basil. In this study, 113 accessions of Ocimum species (83 Plant Introduction entries and 30 commercial entries) were tested for resistance against downy mildew at the seedling stage in growth chambers, and during three seasons, in the field. Most entries belonging to O. basilicum were highly susceptible whereas most entries belonging to O. americanum, O. kilimanadascharicum, O. gratissimum, O. campechianum, or O. tenuiflorum were highly resistant at both the seedling stage and the field. Twenty-seven highly resistant individual plants were each crossed with the susceptible sweet basil ‘Peri’, and the F1 progeny plants were examined for disease resistance. The F1 plants of two crosses were highly resistant, F1 plants of 24 crosses were moderately resistant, and F1 plants of one cross were susceptible, suggesting full, partial, or no dominance of the resistance gene(s), respectively. These data confirm the feasibility of producing downy mildew-resistant cultivars of sweet basil by crossing with wild Ocimum species.

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Maurya, Shiwani, and Neelam Singh Sangwan. "Profiling of Essential Oil Constituents in Ocimum Species." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences 90, no. 3 (July 26, 2019): 577–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40011-019-01123-8.

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M, Karthıka, and Rasmi A R. "Pharmacological potential of fungal endophytes associated with the genus Ocimum L." International Journal of Secondary Metabolite 10, no. 1 (February 14, 2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.1055749.

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Endophytes are a rich source of secondary metabolites such as tannins, phenolics, and alkaloids. Endophytic fungi have potential as antioxidants, antimicrobials, anticancer agents, antidiabetic agents, hepatoprotectants, growth promoters, and immunomodulators. Recent studies have shown that endophytes are a valuable source of undiscovered biomolecules. As a result, endophytic isolates from medicinal plants can be used in the pharmaceutical, industrial, and agricultural sectors. Ocimum species, for example, have several medicinal properties and are used in traditional medicine. Fungal endophytes have a strong association with Ocimum plants. Previous research has shown that the fungal endophytes of Ocimum sanctum produce phytochemicals such as alkaloids, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, terpenes, and volatile compounds. Additionally, fungal endophytes have a direct impact on the medicinal value of the genus Ocimum. This review aimed to discuss the pharmacological properties and diversity of endophytic fungi associated with the genus Ocimum.

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Zheljazkov, Valtcho D., Charles L. Cantrell, William B. Evans, M. Wayne Ebelhar, and Christine Coker. "Yield and Composition of Ocimum basilicum L. and Ocimum sanctum L. Grown at Four Locations." HortScience 43, no. 3 (June 2008): 737–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.43.3.737.

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Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) and holy basil (Ocimum sanctum L.) are the most widely grown basil species in the world either for the fresh market or for essential oil production. Both species are considered to be promising essential oil crops in the southeastern United States; however, research on oil production and composition of these species in Mississippi and the southeastern United States is lacking. The objective of this study was to evaluate biomass productivity, oil content, and oil composition of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) cvs. German and Mesten and holy basil (Ocimum sanctum L.) cv. Local grown at four locations in Mississippi. Overall, the three basil cultivars grew well; the fresh herbage and essential oil yields at three of the locations were high and comparable to basil yields reported in the literature. Essential oil content in air-dry herbage and the essential oil yields were as follows: 0.07% to 0.50% and 0.7 to 11.0 kg·ha−1 in sweet basil cv. Mesten, 0.2% to 0.5% and 1.4 to 13.0 kg·ha−1 in sweet basil cv. German, and 0.08% to 0.40% and 0.6 to 5.3 kg·ha−1 in holy basil cv. Local, respectively. The main constituent of sweet basil cultivars was (–)-linalool with other constituents being (–)-camphor, α-humulene, eucalyptol, eugenol, (–)-bornyl acetate, methyl chavicol, (–)-trans-caryophyllene, α-trans-bergamotene, and cadinol. The main constituents of holy basil were methyl chavicol, eugenol, and eucalyptol with other constituents being α-humulene, humulene-epoxide II, (–)-trans-caryophyllene, α-trans-bergamotene, and γ-cadinene. Our results suggest sweet and holy basils have a potential as new essential oil crops for Mississippi and possibly the southeastern United States and can provide oil yields and composition typical for the respective species.

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Dudaš, Slavica, Danijela Poljuha, Ivana Šola, Sabina Šegula, Sanja Varga, and Barbara Sladonja. "Effects of Biodynamic Production on Growth and Essential Oil Content in Basil." Acta Botanica Croatica 75, no. 2 (October 1, 2016): 260–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/botcro-2016-0025.

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Abstract The effects of a biodynamic sowing calendar on the growth (plant height, fresh herb yield, nodes number) and quality (percentage of leaf mass, essential oil content) of three basil species, Ocimum americanum L., Ocimum × hybrida and Ocimum basilicum L., represented by the cultivars ‘Rosso’ and ‘Eco Genovese’, were tested. Statistical analyses showed that the species had greater impact on the observed parameters than either the sowing date or the species and sowing date in combination. The species showed a significant influence on all five tested parameters, while sowing date and interaction of both factors significantly influenced plant height, leaf percentage and essential oil content. The best yield per plant was obtained for O. × hybrida and O. basilicum ‘Eco Genovese’. The lowest species O. × hybrida produced the highest amount of essential oil. »Nodes number« parameter most clearly separated the species, but not the cultivars. Even though O. americanum gave the tallest plants, it did not yield either the highest amount of fresh herb or essential oil. This species’ height was most consistent, considering the significant impact of biodynamic rhythm. Sowing date was not crucial for basil fresh yield; however if there is a need for taller plants with a higher percentage of leaf mass and more essential oil, sowing date needs to be controlled.

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.S.TOMAR and P.S. MINHAS. "Performance of medicinal plant species under saline irrigation." Indian Journal of Agronomy 49, no. 3 (October 10, 2001): 209–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.59797/ija.v49i3.5200.

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Some of medicinal plants of arid and semi-arid areas were evaluated during 1995-97 for their production po- tential for saline irrigation (ECiw 8.5 dS/m) during the field experiment conducted on a sandy-loam soil at Bir Re- served Forest, Hisar. Amongst the species tested, the most promising was observed to be isabgol (Plantago ovata Forsk.) with average yield of 10.5 qlha and saline water did not show any adverse impact on its production. Aloe - (Aloe barbadensis Mill.) was also equally tolerant, but its average production remained quite low (fresh weight 11 8 qlha in 3 years). Kalmeg (Andrographis paniculata Wall. ex Nees) performed moderately, wheareas periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus G. Don) showed poor performance with saline irrigation. Sacred balsam or ocimum (Ocimum sanctum L.) and mint (Mentha piperita L. emend. Huds) showed high susceptibility ot termite attack and their performance was very poor even with canal water irrigation.

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Cacciola, Santa Olga, Giovanna Gilardi, Roberto Faedda, Leonardo Schena, Antonella Pane, Angelo Garibaldi, and Maria Lodovica Gullino. "Characterization of Colletotrichum ocimi Population Associated with Black Spot of Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum) in Northern Italy." Plants 9, no. 5 (May 22, 2020): 654. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9050654.

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Black spot is a major foliar disease of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) present in a typical cultivation area of northern Italy, including the Liguria and southern Piedmont regions, where this aromatic herb is an economically important crop. In this study, 15 Colletotrichum isolates obtained from sweet basil plants with symptoms of black spot sampled in this area were characterized morphologically and by nuclear DNA analysis using internal transcribed spacers (ITS) and intervening 5.8S nrDNA as well as part of the β-tubulin gene (TUB2) regions as barcode markers. Analysis revealed all but one isolate belonged to the recently described species C. ocimi of the C. destructivum species complex. Only one isolate was identified as C. destructivum sensu stricto (s.s.). In pathogenicity tests on sweet basil, both C. ocimi and C. destructivum s.s. isolates incited typical symptoms of black spot, showing that although C. ocimi prevails in this basil production area, it is not the sole causal agent of black spot in northern Italy. While no other hosts of C. ocimi are known worldwide, the close related species C. destructivum has a broad host range, suggesting a speciation process of C. ocimi within this species complex driven by adaptation to the host.

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Roshan Kumar, Keshamma E., Shravan Kumar Paswan, Purabi Saha, Utkarsh Trivedi, Anurag Chourasia, and Mihir Otia. "Alkaloid Based Chemical Constituents of Ocimum santum & Cinchona Bark : A Meta Analysis." Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 1, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.55544/jrasb.1.2.4.

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This article provides a concise summary of the recent developments that have been achieved in our comprehension of the asymmetric addition processes that are catalysed by native Cinchona alkaloids and their derivatives. This class of reactions includes cycloadditions, 1,4-adds, direct nucleophilic additions across carbon–oxygen or carbon–nitrogen double bonds, and direct nucleophilic additions across carbon–oxygen double bonds. Because of their capacity to catalyse the addition of a wide variety of functional groups to C9, many Cinchona alkaloids have been utilised in these processes as catalysts. These functional groups include amino, alkoxy, hydroxyl, amido, urea, and thiourea, among others. The importance of mechanical variables is emphasised in many different contexts. Additionally, the utilisation of adducts in future synthesis is sometimes broken down into its component steps. Ocimum basilicum was discovered to be mostly consisted of estragol (> 35.71 percent), (E)-ocimene (> 1.47 percent), trans-bergamotene (> 0.83 percent), a-cadinol (> 0.41 percent), eucalyptol (> 0.25 percent), and -caryophyllene (> 0.07 percent), whereas Ocimum sanctum is primarily composed of eucaly There is a greater concentration of chemical components in the leaves of Ocimum basilicum and Ocimum sanctum than there is in the actual inflorescence or flowers of the plant. The genetic distance between the two species was analysed in order to better understand the interspecies relationship, and the results showed that it was 2.86. The small difference in genetic makeup that exists between Ocimum basilicum and Ocimum sanctum is evidence that these two species are related to one another and share similar traits.

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MATTHEW, Joshua O., Matthew OZIEGBE, Sekinat Okikiola Azeez, Titilayo E. AJOSE, and Mercy E. OKOYO. "Polyploidization and speciation: patterns of natural hybridization and gene flow in basil (Ocimum spp.)." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 14, no. 3 (September 23, 2022): 11289. http://dx.doi.org/10.55779/nsb14311289.

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The genus Ocimum maintains rich diversity of species through natural and artificial outcrossing. Africa is named as one of the epicentres of plant diversity including numerous Ocimum species. Cytological evidence has attributed such diversity to extensive genome augmentation through selection, speciation, polyploidy and hybridization. This study identified polyploidy as the major natural phenomenon that drives successful hybridization programs or otherwise, within and among four Ocimum species studied and showed rate of gene exchange among the concerned species. All Ocimum species and variants used were grown for two generations before hybridization experiments were carried out. Interspecific and intraspecific reciprocal crossing was done. The crossed flowers were monitored for flower abortion and fruit formation. The resulting progenies from successful crosses were raised along with their parents and evaluated for all identifiable agronomic character differences and similarities. All viable seeds resulted from crosses involving at least one polyploid parent (tetraploids O. basilicum, O. canum and O. americanum). The intra- and interspecific hybridization programs recorded success within O. basilicum and between O. basilicum and tetraploid O. canum. Hybridization within O. canum was difficult due to differences in ploidy levels of O. canum parents used. Hybrid progenies obtained within O. basilicum parents (b1 and b2) and between b2 and tetraploid O. canum possessed morphological characters related to b2 parent while offspring from crosses between b1 and c1 combined characters from both parents. Pollen fertility in both O. basilicum and O. canum parents and their reciprocal crosses was more than 50 percent. O. basilicum displayed higher gene exchange capacity than other species. O. kilimandscharicum and O. americanum parents exhibited allopatric behaviour and low crossability with other seemingly sympatric species used in the study. Genome imbalance and incompatibility were associated with some of the possible causes of sterility.

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Rawat, Rajni, K. Negi, Puran Mehta, Vandana Tiwari, S. Verma, and Ishwari Bisht. "Study of Six Varieties of Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) and their Morphological Variations." Journal of Non Timber Forest Products 23, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps2000-2016-7t1z9z.

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Sweet basil is an incredible herb, used both as a classic culinary and ornamental herb of Home Gardens. The genus Ocimum contains approximately 65 species of herbs and shrubs originated in tropical Asia. It has a strong medicinal use and it is very high in vitamins and minerals. The present study holds 6 varieties of Ocimum basilicum L. consisting of 29 accessions were procured from National Gene Bank, New Delhi. These accessions were grown in the Kharif seasons of 2014-15 at ICAR-NBPGR Regional Station, Bhowali, Nainital Uttarakhand for analysing of their quantitative and qualitative or phenotypic characters for identification of superior genotypes. The comparative study of Ocimum spp. was examined to assess the variability of qualitative and quantitative morphological characters using standardized description present among 30 accessions of 6 varieties of Ocimum basilicum L. (Sweet Basil).

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Adham, Aveen. "Synergistic Effects between Mentha Piperita, Mentha Longifolia and Ocimum Basilicum on Different Bacterial Strains." International Journal of Chemistry 7, no. 2 (October 19, 2015): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijc.v7n2p170.

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The present study aimed to quantitatively evaluate antimicrobial activity of Mentha piperita, Mentha longifolia and Ocimum basilicum from Lamiaceae family, compare between them and to evaluate the type of interaction between them by microbroth dilution method and calculation of fractional inhibitory concentration. Dried leave of Mentha piperita, Mentha longifolia and Ocimum basilicum were extracted using same extraction method and solvent the highest ratio yielded by Mentha longifolia 9% and lowest ratio yielded by Ocimum basilicum 6%. Mentha piperita exhibit the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration value ranged between 1.5-<0.1 mg/ml, followed by Mentha longifolia and Ocimum basilicum ranged between 3-<0.1mg/ml with minimum bactericidal concentration ranged between 6-0.1875. On combination of leave extract Mentha piperita with Mentha longifolia exhibit the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration value ranged between 0.1875-<0.05 mg/ml, while combination of Mentha longifolia with Ocimum basilicum revealed minimum inhibitory concentration ranged between 0.75-<0.05. Among tested bacterial strain Streptococcus mitis showed high sensitivity against all tested leave extract alone and in combination form. The combinations of Mentha piperita, Mentha longifolia and Ocimum basilicum showed synergistic effects against most of bacteria. Mentha longifolia and Ocimum basilicum revealed antagonistic effect against Staphylococcus aureus. As a result three Lamiaceae species showed broad spectrum antimicrobial activity against isolated bacterial strain and their activity in combination form more pronounced than alone.

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Ingole, Shital R., and S. L. Deore. "Comparative Morphological, Microscopical Study of Ocimum Species: Research Article." American Journal of Pharmacy And Health Research 7, no. 4 (April 20, 2019): 28–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.46624/ajphr.2019.v7.i4.003.

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Janssen, A. M., J. J. C. Scheffer, L. Ntezurubanza, and A. Baerheim Svendsen. "Antimicrobial activities of some ocimum species grown in rwanda." Journal of Ethnopharmacology 26, no. 1 (June 1989): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(89)90113-x.

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Srithavaj, Theerathavaj, Malimone Chanthaboury, Suwan Choonharuangdej, and Binit Shrestha. "Antimicrobial properties of Ocimum species: An in vitro study." Journal of International Society of Preventive and Community Dentistry 12, no. 6 (2022): 596. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_155_22.

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Raina, Archana P., and R. C. Misra. "Bio-molecular variability of different Ocimum species in India." Medicinal Plants - International Journal of Phytomedicines and Related Industries 15, no. 2 (2023): 369–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0975-6892.2023.00037.0.

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Rezzoug, Maria, Boulanouar Bakchiche, Abdelaziz Gherib, and Ouahid Elasri. "Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Activities of Different Organic Extracts of Three Algerian Plants." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 10, no. 2-s (April 15, 2020): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v10i2-s.4038.

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We compared the phytochemical constituents and antioxidant activities of three important species of Lamiaceae in Algeria (Mentha spicata, Ocimum basilicum and Thymus algeriensis). We noticed that the M. spicata species contains the largest fraction of phenolic and flavonoid products (231 and 22 mg / g) than the other two species studied. Other hand we founded that the two species M. spicata and T. algeriensis show excellent antioxidant activity in the ethanolic extract according to the two tests (DPPH and ABTS) compared to the ascorbic acid of reference. But the specie O. basilicum has good antioxidant activity in aqueous extraction. This Lamiaceae family takes an important place in the lives of Algerians citizens, so this species are very good source of natural antioxidant compounds in algerian traditional medicine. Keywords: Antioxidant activity, Lamiaceae, Mentha spicata, Ocimum basilicum and Thymus algeriensis, DPPH.

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Figueiredo, Pablo Luis B., Sebastião G. Silva, Lidiane D. Nascimento, Alessandra R. Ramos, William N. Setzer, Joyce Kelly R. da Silva, and Eloisa Helena A. Andrade. "Seasonal Study of Methyleugenol Chemotype of Ocimum campechianum Essential Oil and Its Fungicidal and Antioxidant Activities." Natural Product Communications 13, no. 8 (August 2018): 1934578X1801300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1801300833.

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Ocimum species (Lamiaceae) have aroused great interest to the scientific community with respect to different biological properties attributed to their essential oils. The seasonal variation and antioxidant and fungical activities were carried out for the essential oil of Ocimum campechianum. Its essential oil showed an excellent yield (0.5–5.3%) throughout the season. The essential oils of leaves/stems and inflorescences were analyzed by GC and GC-MS to identify their volatile constituents and associate them with the antioxidant and antifungal activities. Methyleugenol was the main component in the leaves/stems (80.0-87.0%) and inflorescences (75.3–83.5%). The essential oil and the methyleugenol standard showed low antioxidant activity (<40%) against DPPH radical, but high antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum and Colletotrichum gossypii phytopatogens as well as the mycelial growth and spore germination of the fungi. The high levels of methyleugenol coupled with good fungicidal activity give great agroindustrial potential to this Ocimum species.

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Pires, Evaldo Martins, Clovis Luiz de Moraes Manica, Roberta Martins Nogueira, Jeandson da Silva Carneiro, William Costa Rodrigues, and Marcus Alvarenga Soares. "Coleus barbatus Benth and Ocimum basilicum L. (Lamiaceae), New Host Plants to Spodoptera cosmioides (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Sinop, State of Mato Grosso, Brazil." EntomoBrasilis 7, no. 1 (April 21, 2014): 62–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.12741/ebrasilis.v7i1.363.

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Coleus barbatus Benth and Ocimum basilicum L. are plants species commonly used for medicinal and gastronomic purposes, respectively. Caterpillars of the Spodoptera genus are generalists due to the wide variety of plants species used as food souce. The aim of this research was record the occurrence of Spodoptera cosmioides (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Sinop, Mato Grosso State, Brazil, and also record C. barbatus and O. basilicum as potencial host plants for this insect species. It is recommended attention in inclusion of S. cosmiodides in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) of this plant species. Coleus barbatus Benth e Ocimum basilicum L. (Lamiaceae): Novas Plantas Hospedeiras para Spodoptera cosmioides (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) em Sinop, Estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil Resumo. Coleus barbatus Benth e Ocimum basilicum L. são espécies de plantas comumente utilizadas com fins medicinais e gastronômicos, respectivamente. Lagartas do gênero Spodoptera são generalistas devido à ampla variedade de plantas que utilizam como recurso alimentar. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi registrar a ocorrência de Spodoptera cosmioides (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) no município de Sinop, Mato Grosso, Brasil, e ainda, relatar C. barbatus e O. basilicum como potenciais plantas hospedeiras para esta espécie de inseto. Recomenda-se ainda a inclusão de S. cosmioides em monitoramentos visando o Manejo Integrado de Pragas (MIP) nestas plantas.

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Idowu, Johnson Ademola, and Matthew Oziegbe. "Mitotic and meiotic studies on two species of Ocimum (Lamiaceae) and their F1 hybrids." Botanica Lithuanica 23, no. 1 (June 27, 2017): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/botlit-2017-0006.

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AbstractOcimum L. species are important aromatic and medicinal plants. Many researchers have observed complexity in their chromosome numbers and ploidy levels. We studied the somatic and germline chromosomal features and behaviour of Ocimum basilicum L., two variants of O. canum Sims (‘c1’ and ‘c2’) and their F1hybrids. Chromosomes from root tips and flower buds were investigated using standard techniques; karyograms were formed and analysed. A chromosome number of 2n = 4x = 52 was observed in O. basilicum and O. canum ‘c1’ and their F1hybrid. One of the variants, O. canum ‘c2’ had a chromosome number of 2n = 2x = 24 and its intraspecific hybrid O. canum ‘c2’ × O. canum ‘c1’ had a chromosome number of 2n = 38. These Ocimum species and their F1hybrids showed different karyotype formula, but their chromosomes were mostly metacentric (174) and submetacentric (36) with few subtelocentric (8). Based on pairing configuration, O. basilicum is an allotetraploid plant, O. canum ‘c1’ is an autotetraploid plant and the O. canum ‘c1’ is a diploid. The F1 hybrids showed higher frequency of meiotic abnormalities than the parents. The study showed intraspecific and interspecific variation in chromosome numbers and pairing patterns, but the chromosomes of the Ocimum species were similar in their centromeric positions.

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Pandey, Renu, Preeti Chandra, Brijesh Kumar, Bhupender Dutt, and Kulwant Rai Sharma. "A rapid and highly sensitive method for simultaneous determination of bioactive constituents in leaf extracts of six Ocimum species using ultra high performance liquid chromatography-hybrid linear ion trap triple quadrupole mass spectrometry." Analytical Methods 8, no. 2 (2016): 333–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ay01055a.

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Biswas, Trayee, and Sandip Mukhopadhyay. "Comparison of different cytological parameters of three species of Ocimum." Bangladesh Journal of Botany 49, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 1163–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v49i4.52654.

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Karyomorphological analysis of three species of the genus Ocimum (O. basilicum L., O. americanum L. and O. tenuiflorum L.) was carried out. Gross chromosome morphology of these species are nearly sub metacentric (Sm), nearly metacentric (m) and metacentric (M) in nature. The high values of mean chromosome length, total chromosome length of O. americanum followed by O. basilicum show their primitiveness. Whereas, lower values of these parameters in O. tenuiflorum denotes evolved nature of the species. All the three species of Ocimum showed high values of total forma percentage (TF%) in conjunction with low coefficient of variation (CV), which corresponds to the primitive status in the evolution of flowering plants and was placed in 3A class of Stebbins’ system, indicating the presence of symmetrical karyotype in them. Karyotyping along with UPGMA based dendrogram analysis clearly separated O. basilicum L. and O. americanum L. in one cluster and O. tenuiflorum L. in a separate cluster with greater Euclidian distance.

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Coulibaly, Klotioloma, F. J. M. Koffi Kassi, Adama Ouattara, B. F. Gogbe-Dibi, P. Walet N’guessan, J. A. Kotaix Acka, M. Evelyne Assi, et al. "Comparative efficacy of essential oils of three aromatic plants as alternatives in the control of Phytophthora spp., agent of cocoa tree (Theobroma cacao L.) black pod disease in Côte d'Ivoire." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 15, no. 4 (November 17, 2021): 1398–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v15i4.8.

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This study aimed at comparing the efficacy of essential oils from three aromatic plants species (Cymbopogon citratus, Eucalyptus citriodora and Ocimum gratissimum) in vitro and in vivo against two Phytophthora strains (Phytophthora palmivora and P. megakarya) in a view to developing new biofongicides for the control of cocoa tree black pod disease. Essential oils were applied at four different concentrations (0.5; 1; 3 and 5 mL/L) in vitro and in vivo on leaf discs of three cocoa clones (NA32, PA150 and SCA6) whichsusceptibility is known. As results, all three essential oils significantly (p˂ 0.05) reduced in vitro mycelial growth of both Phytophthora strains and also reduced the leaf susceptibility to these strains. Inhibition rates in vitro of Phytophthora strains mycelial growth ranged from 83.80 to 100% for the essential oils of Cymbopogon citratus and Ocimum gratissimum species and from 17.7 to 100% for which of Eucalyptus citriodora species. In the biotests, the leaf susceptibility index of clone NA32 (susceptible) was reduced from 3.14 to 0.40. This correspond to reduction rates ranged from 64.87 to 86.70% of leaf susceptibility to both Phytophthora strains. Essential oils (HS and HO) from Cymbopogon citratus and Ocimum gratissimum species were most effective than which from Eucalyptus citriodora species. However, all three essential oils revealed antifungal properties. Therefore, they could be recommended as biofungicides for a sustainable control of cocoa tree black pod disease in Côte d'Ivoire.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Ocimum species'

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