Journal articles: 'Oceana'

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Cate, Alicia. "Alicia Cate." Proceedings of the ASIL Annual Meeting 111 (2017): 287–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/amp.2017.139.

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Hi. Alicia Cate with Oceana, the world's largest international organization to protect the oceans. I would like to just make one brief comment, which is that Oceana was very successful as a civil society organization to change the Obama administration's views on drilling in the Atlantic and the Arctic, and that is once again a prospect for the future with this administration. It is incredibly important that we all speak up, every single one of us, because we all should be at that march. It is on April 29. Oceana is helping to organize the People's Climate March. Please be there.

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Cohen, Philip F. "Oceana Publications." Legal Reference Services Quarterly 11, no. 3-4 (March 16, 1992): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j113v11n03_16.

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YUN, Seok-Min. ""England, Scotland, Republicanism: Rereading James Harrington’s Commonwealth of Oceana"." In/Outside: English Studies in Korea 48 (May 31, 2020): 203–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.46645/inoutsesk.48.8.

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Clark, Elizabeth A., Justin Sheffield, Michelle T. H. van Vliet, Bart Nijssen, and Dennis P. Lettenmaier. "Continental Runoff into the Oceans (1950–2008)." Journal of Hydrometeorology 16, no. 4 (July 29, 2015): 1502–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-14-0183.1.

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Abstract A common term in the continental and oceanic components of the global water cycle is freshwater discharge to the oceans. Many estimates of the annual average global discharge have been made over the past 100 yr with a surprisingly wide range. As more observations have become available and continental-scale land surface model simulations of runoff have improved, these past estimates are cast in a somewhat different light. In this paper, a combination of observations from 839 river gauging stations near the outlets of large river basins is used in combination with simulated runoff fields from two implementations of the Variable Infiltration Capacity land surface model to estimate continental runoff into the world’s oceans from 1950 to 2008. The gauges used account for ~58% of continental areas draining to the ocean worldwide, excluding Greenland and Antarctica. This study estimates that flows to the world’s oceans globally are 44 200 (±2660) km3 yr−1 (9% from Africa, 37% from Eurasia, 30% from South America, 16% from North America, and 8% from Australia–Oceania). These estimates are generally higher than previous estimates, with the largest differences in South America and Australia–Oceania. Given that roughly 42% of ocean-draining continental areas are ungauged, it is not surprising that estimates are sensitive to the land surface and hydrologic model (LSM) used, even with a correction applied to adjust for model bias. The results show that more and better in situ streamflow measurements would be most useful in reducing uncertainties, in particular in the southern tip of South America, the islands of Oceania, and central Africa.

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Siqueira, Beatriz, Jonas Teixeira Nery, and Oliver Messeguer-Ruiz. "Análise dos Índices das Temperaturas Superficiais das Zonas Intertropicais dos Oceanos Pacífico e Atlântico associados às precipitações no Nordeste do Brasil." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 14, no. 2 (May 20, 2021): 1081. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v14.2.p1081-1093.

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O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar, através de índices climáticos, a variabilidade da precipitação na região Nordeste do Brasil. Para tanto foram utilizados dados em ponto de grade para gerar o índice de precipitação, bem como dados da National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) para gerar os índices de temperatura do oceano Pacífico (setor EN3.4) e do oceano Atlântico tropical norte e sul. O período de análise foi de 1970 a 2012. Com base nesses índices foram realizadas correlações lineares de Pearson, entre o oceano Pacífico e o Atlântico tropical norte e o oceano tropical sul, na costa do Brasil. Anomalias de precipitação também foram calculadas para alguns anos de ocorrência do evento El Niño, denotando expressiva variabilidade de um evento para outro. De maneira geral, as correlações entre os índices envolvendo os referidos oceanos foram positivas e expressivas, o que permite considerar a influência dos oceanos na dinâmica das chuvas na área de estudo. A importância do Atlântico sul é mais nítida quando os índices de temperatura da superfície do mar apresentaram o mesmo sinal, tanto no Pacífico quanto no Atlântico, o que implica em correlações mais marcadas.Palavras-chave: Forçante climática, El Niño 3.4, Nordeste do Brasil, Atlântico tropical, Anomalias da precipitação.Analysis of Surface Temperature Indices of the Intertropical Zones of the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans associated with rainfall in Northeastern Brazil ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to analyze, through climatic indices, the variability of precipitation in the Northeast region of Brazil. For that purpose, grid point data were used characterize the precipitation behaviour, as well as data from the National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to determine the temperature of the Pacific Ocean (sector EN3.4) and the tropical North and South Atlantic Ocean. Based on these data, correlations were made, which are characterized as marked, between the dynamics of the Pacific Ocean and the dynamics of the tropical North and South Atlantic, directly influencing the precipitation regime in Northeast Brazil. Precipitation anomalies were also calculated for some years of the El Niño event, showing significant variability from one event to another. In general, the correlations between the indexes involving the referred oceans were positive and expressive, which allows considering the influence of the oceans on the dynamics of rainfall in the study area. The importance of the South Atlantic is clearer when the sea surface temperature indices show the same sign, both in the Pacific and in the Atlantic, which implies more marked correlations.Keywords: Climate forcing, El Niño 3.4, Northeast Brazil, Tropical Atlantic, Precipitation anomalies.

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Deive, Carlos Esteban. "El cimarronaje en la colonia española de Santo Domingo." Revista ECOS UASD 27, no. 20 (October 23, 2020): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.51274/ecos.v27i20.pp37-47.

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Artículo invitado en homenaje a Carlos Esteban Deive, uno de los precursores de los estudios de la negritud en la sociedad dominicana, destacado intelectual y notable novelista. Tomado de la revista Mar Oceana, No. 24, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria. Madrid: 2008; número monográfico en homenaje a Santo Domingo, República Dominicana.

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Araújo, Ana Luzia Assunção Cláudio, Thales da Silva Moreira, Thiago Bastos Bezerra de Menezes, Rebeca Larangeira Lima, Gabriel de Mesquita Facundo, José William Alves Silva, Ítalo Régis Castelo Branco Rocha, Carlos Henrique Profírio Marques, Rafael Lustosa Maciel, and Francisco Hiran Farias Costa. "Use of Lithothamnium sp. (Algen® Oceana) in Penaeus vannamei culture." Brazilian Journal of Development 6, no. 5 (2020): 28268–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.34117/bjdv6n5-321.

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Prawdzik, B. M. "State-Building in Harrington's Oceana and Milton's Paradise Lost, I-II." Notes and Queries 61, no. 3 (August 26, 2014): 383–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/notesj/gju099.

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Teng, Wen Li. "Ideal commonwealths and settler colonies: Oceana in Harrington, Adams and Froude." Settler Colonial Studies 9, no. 3 (November 14, 2018): 358–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/2201473x.2018.1491156.

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Quirk, Genevieve, and Quentin Hanich. "Ocean Diplomacy: The Pacific Island Countries’ Campaign to the UN for an Ocean Sustainable Development Goal." Asia-Pacific Journal of Ocean Law and Policy 1, no. 1 (June 3, 2016): 68–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24519391-00101005.

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In this article we examine how Pacific Island Countries (pics) successfully championed a stand-alone Ocean Sustainable Development Goal (sdg) goal at the United Nations (un). We analyse how the un Post-2015 development process provided pics with a unique opportunity to use their experience with collective diplomacy and regional oceans governance to propose this international goal. In this article we establish how pics’ national and regional quest to strengthen their sovereign rights over marine resources motivated their diplomatic efforts for an Ocean sdg. The campaign was a significant political achievement, positioning these Large Ocean Island States (lois) as global ocean guardians. We critically evaluate the effectiveness of the pics’ diplomatic campaign to secure an international commitment for an Ocean sdg. The pics’ advocacy for Goal 14 under Agenda 2030 has enhanced their political effectiveness in the un by improving their recognition by other States as leaders in oceans governance. We suggest their Ocean sdg campaign forms part of a distinct and continuing brand of oceans diplomacy from Oceania.

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Bessey, C., and A. K. Cresswell. "Masses of the marine insect Pontomyia oceana at Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia." Coral Reefs 35, no. 4 (August 10, 2016): 1225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00338-016-1488-y.

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Renforth, P., and J. S. Campbell. "The role of soils in the regulation of ocean acidification." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 376, no. 1834 (August 4, 2021): 20200174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0174.

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Soils play an important role in mediating chemical weathering reactions and carbon transfer from the land to the ocean. Proposals to increase the contribution of alkalinity to the oceans through ‘enhanced weathering’ as a means to help prevent climate change are gaining increasing attention. This would augment the existing connection between the biogeochemical function of soils and alkalinity levels in the ocean. The feasibility of enhanced weathering depends on the combined influence of what minerals are added to soils, the formation of secondary minerals in soils and the drainage regime, and the partial pressure of respired CO 2 around the dissolving mineral. Increasing the alkalinity levels in the ocean through enhanced weathering could help to ameliorate the effects of ocean acidification in two ways. First, enhanced weathering would slightly elevate the pH of drainage waters, and the receiving coastal waters. The elevated pH would result in an increase in carbonate mineral saturation states, and a partial reversal in the effects of elevated CO 2 . Second, the increase in alkalinity would help to replenish the ocean's buffering capacity by maintaining the ‘Revelle Factor’, making the oceans more resilient to further CO 2 emissions. However, there is limited research on the downstream and oceanic impacts of enhanced weathering on which to base deployment decisions. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The role of soils in delivering Nature's Contributions to People’.

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Ammersley, Rachel. "The Commonwealth of Oceana de James Harrington : un modèle pour la France révolutionnaire ?" Annales historiques de la Révolution française 342, no. 1 (2005): 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ahrf.2005.2846.

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Soong, K., and Y. Leu. "Adaptive mechanism of the bimodal emergence dates in the intertidal midge Pontomyia oceana." Marine Ecology Progress Series 286 (2005): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps286107.

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Hammersley, Rachel. "The Commonwealth of Oceana de James Harrington : un modèle pour la France révolutionnaire ?" Annales historiques de la Révolution française, no. 342 (December 1, 2005): 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/ahrf.1889.

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Hertzfeld, J. M. "Arbitration In The Soviet Union. By William E. Butler. Oceana Publications, Inc. 1989." ICSID Review 5, no. 1 (March 1, 1990): 192–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icsidreview/5.1.192.

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Brohm, Megan, Rowyn Campbell, Sibel Isikdemir, Dina Theleritis, Anna Yermolina, Yang Zhou, Charlotte Koch, and B. Myburgh. "Art & Oceania: Case Studies." Re:Locations - Journal of the Asia-Pacific World 4, no. 1 (April 28, 2021): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/relocations.v1i1.35282.

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These case studies were produced for FAH489: Art &Oceania, instructor Brittany Myburgh.This course offered an introduction to the history of art produced within Oceania from prehistory to present day. The Pacific Ocean (The Great Ocean/Te Moana Nui a Kiwa) spans a vast geographic territory. Through central ideas of navigation and migration, the course explored the important role of connectivity, mobility, and exchange in Oceanic art and visual culture. Participating Authors: Megan Brohm, Rowyn Campell, Sibel Isikdemir Charlotte Koch, Dina Theleritis, Anna Yermolina, Yang Zhou

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Kajtar, Jules B., Agus Santoso, Matthew H. England, and Wenju Cai. "Indo-Pacific Climate Interactions in the Absence of an Indonesian Throughflow." Journal of Climate 28, no. 13 (July 1, 2015): 5017–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-14-00114.1.

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Abstract The Pacific and Indian Oceans are connected by an oceanic passage called the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF). In this setting, modes of climate variability over the two oceanic basins interact. El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events generate sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) over the Indian Ocean that, in turn, influence ENSO evolution. This raises the question as to whether Indo-Pacific feedback interactions would still occur in a climate system without an Indonesian Throughflow. This issue is investigated here for the first time using a coupled climate model with a blocked Indonesian gateway and a series of partially decoupled experiments in which air–sea interactions over each ocean basin are in turn suppressed. Closing the Indonesian Throughflow significantly alters the mean climate state over the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The Pacific Ocean retains an ENSO-like variability, but it is shifted eastward. In contrast, the Indian Ocean dipole and the Indian Ocean basinwide mode both collapse into a single dominant and drastically transformed mode. While the relationship between ENSO and the altered Indian Ocean mode is weaker than that when the ITF is open, the decoupled experiments reveal a damping effect exerted between the two modes. Despite the weaker Indian Ocean SSTAs and the increased distance between these and the core of ENSO SSTAs, the interbasin interactions remain. This suggests that the atmospheric bridge is a robust element of the Indo-Pacific climate system, linking the Indian and Pacific Oceans even in the absence of an Indonesian Throughflow.

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Lauro, Federico M., Diane McDougald, Torsten Thomas, Timothy J. Williams, Suhelen Egan, Scott Rice, Matthew Z. DeMaere, et al. "The genomic basis of trophic strategy in marine bacteria." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106, no. 37 (September 8, 2009): 15527–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0903507106.

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Many marine bacteria have evolved to grow optimally at either high (copiotrophic) or low (oligotrophic) nutrient concentrations, enabling different species to colonize distinct trophic habitats in the oceans. Here, we compare the genome sequences of two bacteria,Photobacterium angustumS14 andSphingopyxis alaskensisRB2256, that serve as useful model organisms for copiotrophic and oligotrophic modes of life and specifically relate the genomic features to trophic strategy for these organisms and define their molecular mechanisms of adaptation. We developed a model for predicting trophic lifestyle from genome sequence data and tested >400,000 proteins representing >500 million nucleotides of sequence data from 126 genome sequences with metagenome data of whole environmental samples. When applied to available oceanic metagenome data (e.g., the Global Ocean Survey data) the model demonstrated that oligotrophs, and not the more readily isolatable copiotrophs, dominate the ocean's free-living microbial populations. Using our model, it is now possible to define the types of bacteria that specific ocean niches are capable of sustaining.

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Goswami, A., P. L. Olson, L. A. Hinnov, and A. Gnanadesikan. "OESbathy version 1.0: a method for reconstructing ocean bathymetry with realistic continental shelf-slope-rise structures." Geoscientific Model Development Discussions 8, no. 4 (April 2, 2015): 3079–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-8-3079-2015.

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Abstract. We present a method for reconstructing global ocean bathymetry that uses a plate cooling model for the oceanic lithosphere, the age distribution of the oceanic crust, global oceanic sediment thicknesses, plus shelf-slope-rise structures calibrated at modern active and passive continental margins. Our motivation is to reconstruct realistic ocean bathymetry based on parameterized relationships of present-day variables that can be applied to global oceans in the geologic past, and to isolate locations where anomalous processes such as mantle convection may affect bathymetry. Parameters of the plate cooling model are combined with ocean crustal age to calculate depth-to-basement. To the depth-to-basement we add an isostatically adjusted, multicomponent sediment layer, constrained by sediment thickness in the modern oceans and marginal seas. A continental shelf-slope-rise structure completes the bathymetry reconstruction, extending from the ocean crust to the coastlines. Shelf-slope-rise structures at active and passive margins are parameterized using modern ocean bathymetry at locations where a complete history of seafloor spreading is preserved. This includes the coastal regions of the North, South, and Central Atlantic Ocean, the Southern Ocean between Australia and Antarctica, and the Pacific Ocean off the west coast of South America. The final products are global maps at 0.1° × 0.1° resolution of depth-to-basement, ocean bathymetry with an isostatically adjusted, multicomponent sediment layer, and ocean bathymetry with reconstructed continental shelf-slope-rise structures. Our reconstructed bathymetry agrees with the measured ETOPO1 bathymetry at most passive margins, including the east coast of North America, north coast of the Arabian Sea, and northeast and southeast coasts of South America. There is disagreement at margins with anomalous continental shelf-slope-rise structures, such as around the Arctic Ocean, the Falkland Islands, and Indonesia.

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Arnold, S. R., D. V. Spracklen, S. Gebhardt, T. Custer, J. Williams, I. Peeken, and S. Alvain. "Relationships between atmospheric organic compounds and air-mass exposure to marine biology." Environmental Chemistry 7, no. 3 (2010): 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en09144.

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Environmental context.The exchange of gases between the atmosphere and oceans impacts Earth’s climate. Over the remote oceans, marine emissions of organic species may have significant impacts on cloud properties and the atmosphere’s oxidative capacity. Quantifying these emissions and their dependence on ocean biology over the global oceans is a major challenge. Here we present a new method which relates atmospheric abundance of several organic chemicals over the South Atlantic Ocean to the exposure of air to ocean biology over several days before its sampling. Abstract.We have used a Lagrangian transport model and satellite observations of oceanic chlorophyll-a concentrations and phytoplankton community structure, to investigate relationships between air mass biological exposure and atmospheric concentrations of organic compounds over the remote South Atlantic Ocean in January and February 2007. Accounting for spatial and temporal exposure of air masses to chlorophyll from biologically active ocean regions upwind of the observation location produces significant correlations with atmospheric organohalogens, despite insignificant or smaller correlations using commonly applied in-situ chlorophyll. Strongest correlations (r = 0.42–0.53) are obtained with chlorophyll exposure over a 2-day transport history for CHBr3, CH2Br2, CH3I, and dimethylsulfide, and are strengthened further with exposure to specific phytoplankton types. Incorporating daylight and wind-speed terms into the chlorophyll exposure results in reduced correlations. The method demonstrates that conclusions drawn regarding oceanic trace-gas sources from in-situ chlorophyll or satellite chlorophyll averages over arbitrary areas may prove erroneous without accounting for the transport history of air sampled.

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Soong, K., YJ Lee, and IH Chang. "Short-lived intertidal midge Pontomyia oceana have semilunar eclosion rhythm entrained by night light." Marine Ecology Progress Series 433 (July 18, 2011): 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps09181.

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Kidd, Aline H., and Robert M. Kidd. "General Attitudes toward and Knowledge about the Importance of Ocean Life." Psychological Reports 82, no. 1 (February 1998): 323–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1998.82.1.323.

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To evaluate the amount of awareness and quality of knowledge about ocean life the average American possesses 100 men and 100 women were asked what they knew about the importance of the oceans, their attitudes toward protection of marine life and oceanic ecology, and their sources of information regarding oceans. 98% believed that oceans are necessary for human survival and 92% believed that marine life was essential to the over-all ecology. 89% believed that dumping and toxic pollution almost irreparably harm marine life and that such practices must be stopped. 48% obtained their information about the oceans from formal educational programs and 95% from popular movies and documentary video programs. These data indicate that adults are quite aware of the continuing problems which threaten the survival of ocean life, although few have any suggestions about solving such problems.

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Malviya, Shruti, Eleonora Scalco, Stéphane Audic, Flora Vincent, Alaguraj Veluchamy, Julie Poulain, Patrick Wincker, et al. "Insights into global diatom distribution and diversity in the world’s ocean." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 11 (February 29, 2016): E1516—E1525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1509523113.

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Diatoms (Bacillariophyta) constitute one of the most diverse and ecologically important groups of phytoplankton. They are considered to be particularly important in nutrient-rich coastal ecosystems and at high latitudes, but considerably less so in the oligotrophic open ocean. The Tara Oceans circumnavigation collected samples from a wide range of oceanic regions using a standardized sampling procedure. Here, a total of ∼12 million diatom V9-18S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) ribotypes, derived from 293 size-fractionated plankton communities collected at 46 sampling sites across the global ocean euphotic zone, have been analyzed to explore diatom global diversity and community composition. We provide a new estimate of diversity of marine planktonic diatoms at 4,748 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Based on the total assigned ribotypes, Chaetoceros was the most abundant and diverse genus, followed by Fragilariopsis, Thalassiosira, and Corethron. We found only a few cosmopolitan ribotypes displaying an even distribution across stations and high abundance, many of which could not be assigned with confidence to any known genus. Three distinct communities from South Pacific, Mediterranean, and Southern Ocean waters were identified that share a substantial percentage of ribotypes within them. Sudden drops in diversity were observed at Cape Agulhas, which separates the Indian and Atlantic Oceans, and across the Drake Passage between the Atlantic and Southern Oceans, indicating the importance of these ocean circulation choke points in constraining diatom distribution and diversity. We also observed high diatom diversity in the open ocean, suggesting that diatoms may be more relevant in these oceanic systems than generally considered.

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Voss, Maren, Hermann W. Bange, Joachim W. Dippner, Jack J. Middelburg, Joseph P. Montoya, and Bess Ward. "The marine nitrogen cycle: recent discoveries, uncertainties and the potential relevance of climate change." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 368, no. 1621 (July 5, 2013): 20130121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0121.

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The ocean's nitrogen cycle is driven by complex microbial transformations, including nitrogen fixation, assimilation, nitrification, anammox and denitrification. Dinitrogen is the most abundant form of nitrogen in sea water but only accessible by nitrogen-fixing microbes. Denitrification and nitrification are both regulated by oxygen concentrations and potentially produce nitrous oxide (N 2 O), a climate-relevant atmospheric trace gas. The world's oceans, including the coastal areas and upwelling areas, contribute about 30 per cent to the atmospheric N 2 O budget and are, therefore, a major source of this gas to the atmosphere. Human activities now add more nitrogen to the environment than is naturally fixed. More than half of the nitrogen reaches the coastal ocean via river input and atmospheric deposition, of which the latter affects even remote oceanic regions. A nitrogen budget for the coastal and open ocean, where inputs and outputs match rather well, is presented. Furthermore, predicted climate change will impact the expansion of the oceans' oxygen minimum zones, the productivity of surface waters and presumably other microbial processes, with unpredictable consequences for the cycling of nitrogen. Nitrogen cycling is closely intertwined with that of carbon, phosphorous and other biologically important elements via biological stoichiometric requirements. This linkage implies that human alterations of nitrogen cycling are likely to have major consequences for other biogeochemical processes and ecosystem functions and services.

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Runko Lutternberger, Lidija, and Leila Luttenberger. "Oživotvorenje energetskih rješenja za očuvanje morskog okoliša od zakiseljavanja i zagrijavanja." Journal of Maritime & Transportation Science Special edition, no. 1 (April 2016): 231–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18048/2016-00.231.

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Učinci onečišćenja i klimatskih promjena nadmašuju rezilijentnost mora i oceana, pa su europska mora ugrožena povećanjem temperature i zakiseljavanjem. Zakiseljavanje mora koje se ocjenjuje jednom od najtežih i najizravnijih planetarnih prijetnji je posljedica rastućih koncentracija ugljičnog dioksida. U poštivanju načela predostrožnosti, rješenje je u trenutnom smanjenju ispuštanja ugljičnog dioksida. Samo proizvodnja električne energije značajno utječe na globalne emisije ugljičnog dioksida jer se najviše oslanja na ugljen, ugljično najintenzivnije fosilno gorivo. Autorice u radu daju pregled relevantnih istraživanja o tranziciji na obnovljive izvore uz prijedlog rješenja prihvata energije iz potencijalno brojnih obnovljivih izvora u elektroenergetsku mrežu u Republici Hrvatskoj.

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McNeil, B. I., and R. J. Matear. "The non-steady-state oceanic CO<sub>2</sub> signal: its importance, magnitude and a novel way to detect it." Biogeosciences Discussions 9, no. 9 (September 21, 2012): 13161–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-9-13161-2012.

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Abstract. The ocean's role has been pivotal in modulating rising atmospheric CO2 levels since the industrial revolution, sequestering over a quarter of all fossil-fuel derived CO2 emissions. Net oceanic uptake of CO2 has roughly doubled between the 1960's (~1 Pg C yr−1) and 2000's (~2 Pg C yr−1), with expectations it will continue to absorb even more CO2 with rising future atmospheric CO2 levels. However, recent CO2 observational analyses along with numerous model predictions suggest the rate of oceanic CO2 uptake is already slowing, largely as a result of a natural decadal-scale outgassing signal. This recent and unexpected CO2 outgassing signal represents a paradigm-shift in our understanding of the oceans role in modulating atmospheric CO2. Current tracer-based estimates for the ocean storage of anthropogenic CO2 assume the ocean circulation and biology is in steady state, thereby missing the new and potentially important "non-steady-state" CO2 outgassing signal. By combining data-based techniques that assume the ocean is in steady-state, with techniques that constrain the net oceanic CO2 uptake signal, we show how to extract the non-steady-state CO2 signal from observations. Over the entire industrial era, the non-steady-state CO2 outgassing signal (~13 ± 10 Pg C) is estimated to represent about 9% of the total net CO2 inventory change (~142 Pg C). However between 1989 and 2007, the non-steady-state CO2 outgassing signal (~6.3 Pg C) has likely increased to be ~18% of net oceanic CO2 storage over that period (~36 Pg C), a level which cannot be ignored. The present uncertainty of our data-based techniques for oceanic CO2 uptake limit our capacity to quantify the non-steady-state CO2 signal, however with more data and better certainty estimates across a~range of diverse methods, this important and growing CO2 signal could be better constrained in the future.

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Stubbins, A., J. Niggemann, and T. Dittmar. "Photo-lability of deep ocean dissolved black carbon." Biogeosciences Discussions 9, no. 1 (January 16, 2012): 485–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-9-485-2012.

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Abstract. Dissolved black carbon (DBC), defined here as condensed aromatics isolated from seawater via PPL solid phase extraction and quantified as benzene polycarboxylic acid oxidation products, is a significant component of the oceanic dissolved organic carbon (DOC) pool. These condensed aromatics are widely distributed in the open ocean and appear to be tens of thousands of years old. As such DBC is regarded as highly refractory. In the current study, the photo-lability of DBC, DOC and coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM; ultraviolet-visible absorbance) were determined over the course of a 28 d irradiation of North Atlantic Deep Water under a solar simulator. During the irradiation DBC fell from 1044 &pm; 164 nM C to 55 &pm; 15 nM C, a 20-fold decrease in concentration. Dissolved black carbon photo-degradation was more rapid and more extensive than for bulk CDOM and DOC. Further, the photo-lability of components of the DBC pool increased with their degree of aromatic condensation. These trends indicate that a continuum of compounds of varying photo-lability exists within the marine DOC pool. In this continuum, photo-lability scales with aromatic character, specifically the degree of condensation. Scaling the rapid photo-degradation of DBC to rates of DOC photo-mineralisation for the global ocean leads to an estimated photo-chemical half-life for oceanic DBC of less than 800 yr. This is more than an order of magnitude shorter than the apparent age of DBC in the ocean. Photo-degradation is therefore posited as the primary sink for oceanic DBC and the survival of DBC molecules in the oceans for millennia appears to be facilitated not by their inherent inertness but by the rate at which they are cycled through the surface ocean's photic zone.

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Wang, Lin, Chee Kent Lim, and Martin G. Klotz. "High Synteny and Sequence Identity between Genomes of Nitrosococcus oceani Strains Isolated from Different Oceanic Gyres Reveals Genome Economization and Autochthonous Clonal Evolution." Microorganisms 8, no. 5 (May 8, 2020): 693. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8050693.

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The ammonia-oxidizing obligate aerobic chemolithoautotrophic gammaproteobacterium, Nitrosococcus oceani, is omnipresent in the world’s oceans and as such important to the global nitrogen cycle. We generated and compared high quality draft genome sequences of N. oceani strains isolated from the Northeast (AFC27) and Southeast (AFC132) Pacific Ocean and the coastal waters near Barbados at the interface between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean (C-27) with the recently published Draft Genome Sequence of N. oceani Strain NS58 (West Pacific Ocean) and the complete genome sequence of N. oceani C-107, the type strain (ATCC 19707) isolated from the open North Atlantic, with the goal to identify indicators for the evolutionary origin of the species. The genomes of strains C–107, NS58, C-27, and AFC27 were highly conserved in content and synteny, and these four genomes contained one nearly sequence-identical plasmid. The genome of strain AFC132 revealed the presence of genetic inventory unknown from other marine ammonia-oxidizing bacteria such as genes encoding NiFe-hydrogenase and a non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS)-like siderophore biosynthesis module. Comparative genome analysis in context with the literature suggests that AFC132 represents a metabolically more diverse ancestral lineage to the other strains with C-107 and NS58 potentially being the youngest. The results suggest that the N. oceani species evolved by genome economization characterized by the loss of genes encoding catabolic diversity while acquiring a higher redundancy in inventory dedicated to nitrogen catabolism, both of which could have been facilitated by their rich complements of CRISPR/Cas and Restriction Modification systems.

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Jin, Xiaolin, Young-Oh Kwon, Caroline C. Ummenhofer, Hyodae Seo, Franziska U. Schwarzkopf, Arne Biastoch, Claus W. Böning, and Jonathon S. Wright. "Influences of Pacific Climate Variability on Decadal Subsurface Ocean Heat Content Variations in the Indian Ocean." Journal of Climate 31, no. 10 (April 30, 2018): 4157–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-17-0654.1.

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Abstract Decadal variabilities in Indian Ocean subsurface ocean heat content (OHC; 50–300 m) since the 1950s are examined using ocean reanalyses. This study elaborates on how Pacific variability modulates the Indian Ocean on decadal time scales through both oceanic and atmospheric pathways. High correlations between OHC and thermocline depth variations across the entire Indian Ocean Basin suggest that OHC variability is primarily driven by thermocline fluctuations. The spatial pattern of the leading mode of decadal Indian Ocean OHC variability closely matches the regression pattern of OHC on the interdecadal Pacific oscillation (IPO), emphasizing the role of the Pacific Ocean in determining Indian Ocean OHC decadal variability. Further analyses identify different mechanisms by which the Pacific influences the eastern and western Indian Ocean. IPO-related anomalies from the Pacific propagate mainly through oceanic pathways in the Maritime Continent to impact the eastern Indian Ocean. By contrast, in the western Indian Ocean, the IPO induces wind-driven Ekman pumping in the central Indian Ocean via the atmospheric bridge, which in turn modifies conditions in the southwestern Indian Ocean via westward-propagating Rossby waves. To confirm this, a linear Rossby wave model is forced with wind stresses and eastern boundary conditions based on reanalyses. This linear model skillfully reproduces observed sea surface height anomalies and highlights both the oceanic connection in the eastern Indian Ocean and the role of wind-driven Ekman pumping in the west. These findings are also reproduced by OGCM hindcast experiments forced by interannual atmospheric boundary conditions applied only over the Pacific and Indian Oceans, respectively.

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Auclair-Desrotour, P., S. Mathis, J. Laskar, and J. Leconte. "Oceanic tides from Earth-like to ocean planets." Astronomy & Astrophysics 615 (July 2018): A23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201732249.

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Context. Oceanic tides are a major source of tidal dissipation. They drive the evolution of planetary systems and the rotational dynamics of planets. However, two-dimensional (2D) models commonly used for the Earth cannot be applied to extrasolar telluric planets hosting potentially deep oceans because they ignore the three-dimensional (3D) effects related to the ocean’s vertical structure. Aims. Our goal is to investigate, in a consistant way, the importance of the contribution of internal gravity waves in the oceanic tidal response and to propose a modelling that allows one to treat a wide range of cases from shallow to deep oceans. Methods. A 3D ab initio model is developed to study the dynamics of a global planetary ocean. This model takes into account compressibility, stratification, and sphericity terms, which are usually ignored in 2D approaches. An analytic solution is computed and used to study the dependence of the tidal response on the tidal frequency and on the ocean depth and stratification. Results. In the 2D asymptotic limit, we recover the frequency-resonant behaviour due to surface inertial-gravity waves identified by early studies. As the ocean depth and Brunt–Väisälä frequency increase, the contribution of internal gravity waves grows in importance and the tidal response becomes 3D. In the case of deep oceans, the stable stratification induces resonances that can increase the tidal dissipation rate by several orders of magnitude. It is thus able to significantly affect the evolution time scale of the planetary rotation.

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Watson, Andrew J., Timothy M. Lenton, and Benjamin J. W. Mills. "Ocean deoxygenation, the global phosphorus cycle and the possibility of human-caused large-scale ocean anoxia." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 375, no. 2102 (August 7, 2017): 20160318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2016.0318.

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The major biogeochemical cycles that keep the present-day Earth habitable are linked by a network of feedbacks, which has led to a broadly stable chemical composition of the oceans and atmosphere over hundreds of millions of years. This includes the processes that control both the atmospheric and oceanic concentrations of oxygen. However, one notable exception to the generally well-behaved dynamics of this system is the propensity for episodes of ocean anoxia to occur and to persist for 10 5 –10 6 years, these ocean anoxic events (OAEs) being particularly associated with warm ‘greenhouse’ climates. A powerful mechanism responsible for past OAEs was an increase in phosphorus supply to the oceans, leading to higher ocean productivity and oxygen demand in subsurface water. This can be amplified by positive feedbacks on the nutrient content of the ocean, with low oxygen promoting further release of phosphorus from ocean sediments, leading to a potentially self-sustaining condition of deoxygenation. We use a simple model for phosphorus in the ocean to explore this feedback, and to evaluate the potential for humans to bring on global-scale anoxia by enhancing P supply to the oceans. While this is not an immediate global change concern, it is a future possibility on millennial and longer time scales, when considering both phosphate rock mining and increased chemical weathering due to climate change. Ocean deoxygenation, once begun, may be self-sustaining and eventually could result in long-lasting and unpleasant consequences for the Earth's biosphere. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Ocean ventilation and deoxygenation in a warming world’.

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Probyn, Elspeth. "The ocean returns: Mapping a mercurial Anthropocean." Social Science Information 57, no. 3 (August 21, 2018): 386–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0539018418792402.

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Humans have dumped ‘stuff’ in oceans in a particularly concentrated way since the Industrial Revolution, the effects of which we now note as evidence of the Anthropocene – or the Anthropocean. In this article, I consider what the oceans now return to us in the form of pollution. I trace the production of a mercurial ocean through the production of mercury as it is taken up and transported by atmospheric and oceanic currents from artisanal mines in Asia, and transformed into methylmercury. As methylmercury, it enters into the food chain and eventuates in the diets of certain populations, especially those in Nordic countries, with toxic effects into future generations. This, I argue, produces a particular ocean, one with temporal and spatial multiplicity. The flow of mercury is gendered and racialized with women workers in Indonesia being primarily affected while women in the north are the recipients of methylmercury in the form of toxic fish. I engage with scientific research on mercury flows and methylmercury biogeochemical cycling, and draw on the work of Annemarie Mol on the body multiple, feminist research into epigenetics (Mansfield, Guthman, Landecker), and feminist environmental posthumanism (Alaimo, Neimanis). My argument seeks to disturb the singular and othered ocean in order to make way for the ocean multiple – a conception of the different forms of the oceanic produced through the athwart admixtures of the more-than-human (Helmreich, Probyn).

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Thomas, H., L. S. Schiettecatte, K. Suykens, Y. J. M. Koné, E. H. Shadwick, A. E. F. Prowe, Y. Bozec, H. J. W. de Baar, and A. V. Borges. "Enhanced ocean carbon storage from anaerobic alkalinity generation in coastal sediments." Biogeosciences Discussions 5, no. 4 (September 9, 2008): 3575–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-5-3575-2008.

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Abstract. The coastal ocean constitutes the crucial link between land, the open ocean and the atmosphere. Furthermore, its shallow water column permits close interactions between the sedimentary and atmospheric compartments, which otherwise are decoupled at short time scales (<1000 yr) in the open oceans. Despite the prominent role of the coastal oceans in absorbing atmospheric CO2 and transferring it into the deep oceans via the continental shelf pump, the underlying mechanisms remain only partly understood. Evaluating observations from the North Sea, a NW European shelf sea, we provide evidence that anaerobic degradation of organic matter, fuelled from land and ocean, generates alkalinity (AT) and increases the CO2 buffer capacity of seawater. At both the basin wide and annual scales anaerobic AT generation in the North Sea's tidal mud flat area irreversibly facilitates 7–10%, or taking into consideration benthic denitrification in the North Sea, 20–25% of the North Sea's overall CO2 uptake. At the global scale, anaerobic AT generation could be accountable for as much as 60% of the uptake of CO2 in shelf and marginal seas, making this process, the anaerobic pump, a key player in the biological carbon pump. Under future high CO2 conditions oceanic CO2 storage via the anaerobic pump may even gain further relevance because of stimulated ocean productivity.

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Wang, D. S., D. Xu, X. Fan, N. H. Ye, W. Q. Wang, X. W. Zhang, Y. Miao, Z. Guan, and S. Wang. "Inter- and intra-specific responses of coccolithophores to CO<sub>2</sub>-induced ocean acidification." Biogeosciences Discussions 12, no. 1 (January 13, 2015): 675–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-12-675-2015.

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Abstract. Oceanic uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) is altering the seawater chemistry of the world's oceans with consequences for marine bioregions, especially calcareous organisms such as corals, foraminifera and coccolithophores. The coccolithophores, one of the most abundant and widespread groups of calcifying plankton, are responsible for a large proportion of modern oceanic carbonate production. However, culture experiments examining the response of coccolithophores to elevated CO2 partial pressure (pCO2) have mostly been based on investigations of a single strain and have yielded contradictory results from different experiments between and even within species. Here, four strains of the coccolithophores Emiliania huxleyi (E. huxleyi) and Gephyrocapsa oceanica (G. oceanica), which contained separately naked and calcifying strains, were investigated simultaneously for the first time in a bubbling batch culture at four CO2 grades ranging from approximately 380 to 2000 μatm. We synchronously determined multiple physiological parameters of four coccolithophore strains involving growth, photosynthesis, nitrogen uptake, elemental compositions and calcification efficiency in the process of cultivation. The results did not show a uniform response from different strains to elevated pCO2 up to 2000 μatm, and the naked strain E. huxleyi (N-E) was seriously suppressed, in sharp contrast to the positive response of the different levels of the other three algae. In addition, we fitted nitrogen uptake rate response curves relative to changing pCO2 for the four strains and applied kinetic constants from the response curves to further analyze the hypostatic difference among different strains, which reflected the same variational trend of the four stains above vs. increasing CO2. We determined that the responses of coccolithophores to ocean acidification are inter- and intra-specific, and this variation may cause changes to biodiversity and other ecosystem processes in the future ocean.

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Nakayama, A., T. Kodama, M. Ikoma, and Y. Abe. "Runaway climate cooling of ocean planets in the habitable zone: a consequence of seafloor weathering enhanced by melting of high-pressure ice." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 488, no. 2 (July 3, 2019): 1580–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz1812.

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ABSTRACT Terrestrial planets covered globally with thick oceans (termed ocean planets) in the habitable zone were previously inferred to have extremely hot climates in most cases. This is because H2O high-pressure (HP) ice on the seafloor prevents chemical weathering and, thus, removal of atmospheric CO2. Previous studies, however, ignored melting of the HP ice and horizontal variation in heat flux from oceanic crusts. Here, we examine whether high heat fluxes near the mid-ocean ridge melt the HP ice and thereby remove atmospheric CO2. We develop integrated climate models of an Earth-size ocean planet with plate tectonics for different ocean masses, which include the effects of HP ice melting, seafloor weathering, and the carbonate–silicate geochemical carbon cycle. We find that the heat flux near the mid-ocean ridge is high enough to melt the ice, enabling seafloor weathering. In contrast to the previous theoretical prediction, we show that climates of terrestrial planets with massive oceans lapse into extremely cold ones (or snowball states) with CO2-poor atmospheres. Such extremely cold climates are achieved mainly because the HP ice melting fixes seafloor temperature at the melting temperature, thereby keeping a high weathering flux regardless of surface temperature. We estimate that ocean planets with oceans several tens of the Earth’s ocean mass no longer maintain temperate climates. These results suggest that terrestrial planets with extremely cold climates exist even in the habitable zone beyond the Solar system, given the frequency of water-rich planets predicted by planet formation theories.

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He, Zhuoqi, Renguang Wu, Weiqiang Wang, Zhiping Wen, and Dongxiao Wang. "Contributions of Surface Heat Fluxes and Oceanic Processes to Tropical SST Changes: Seasonal and Regional Dependence." Journal of Climate 30, no. 11 (May 8, 2017): 4185–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-16-0500.1.

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Abstract The present study employs six surface heat flux datasets and three ocean assimilation products to assess the relative contributions of surface heat fluxes and oceanic processes to the sea surface temperature (SST) change in the tropical oceans. Large differences are identified in the major terms of the heat budget equation. The largest discrepancies among different datasets appear in the contribution of vertical advection. The heat budget is nearly balanced in the shortwave-radiation- and horizontal-advection-dominant cases but not balanced in some of the latent-heat-flux- and vertical-advection-dominant cases. The contributions of surface heat fluxes and ocean advections to the SST tendency display remarkable seasonal and regional dependence. The contribution of surface heat fluxes covers a large geographical area. The oceanic processes dominate the SST tendency in the near-equatorial regions with large values but small spatial scales. In the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, the SST tendency is governed by the dynamic and thermodynamic processes, respectively, while a wide variety of processes contribute to the SST tendency in the Indian Ocean. Several regions have been selected to illustrate the dominant contributions of individual terms to the SST tendency in different seasons. The seasonality and regionality of the interannual air–sea relationship indicate a physical connection with the mean state.

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Torma, Franziska. "Frontiers of Visibility." Transfers 3, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 24–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/trans.2013.030203.

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This article deals with the history of underwater film and the role that increased mobility plays in the exploration of nature. Drawing on research on the exploration of the ocean, it analyzes the production of popular images of the sea. The entry of humans into the depths of the oceans in the twentieth century did not revitalize myths of mermaids but rather retold oceanic myths in a modern fashion. Three stages stand out in this evolution of diving mobility. In the 1920s and 1930s, scenes of divers walking under water were the dominant motif. From the 1940s to the 1960s, use of autonomous diving equipment led to a modern incarnation of the “mermen“ myth. From the 1950s to the 1970s, cinematic technology was able to create visions of entire oceanic ecosystems. Underwater films contributed to the period of machine-age exploration in a very particular way: they made virtual voyages of the ocean possible and thus helped to shape the current understanding of the oceans as part of Planet Earth.

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Djamil, Agus S., and Mulyadhi Kartanegara. "THE PHILOSOPHY OF OCEANIC VERSES OF THE QUR’AN AND ITS RELEVANCE TO INDONESIAN CONTEXT." Analisa: Journal of Social Science and Religion 2, no. 01 (July 31, 2017): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.18784/analisa.v2i01.454.

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The Qur’an is not merely a transcendental or spiritual Holy Scripture, but it also establishes itself as the full assurance and un-doubtful scripture that gives guidance and its explanation thereof. Oceanic versesare certain selected ayats or verses of the Qur’an that contain words of ‘ocean’ and ‘sea’ in several terms such as bahr, bahri, bahru, bihar, bahrayn, bahran, abhur, and bahiratun. These verses have been examined in classical and contemporary studies by putting together earlier exegeses with modern scientific records and field observations but not in terms of established theories, nor through socio-economic paralellistic approach. This paper focuses on the semantics and ontology of oceanic verses and paralellistic approach as they were revealed and found in 42 verses in the Qur’an. Keywords in those verses were studied to enable us to build and lead us to practical benefit in science, technology and methodology. The interpretation of Qur’anic verses pertaining to ocean phenomena offers an alternative interpretation on several relevant issues, including fire/energy within ocean; two oceans that do not mingle; the darkness of the ocean deep; the ocean boundaries; the layers of the ocean; and the abundance wealth and benefits from ocean for mankind. Indonesia is blessed with the ability to combine the Qur’an containing plenty of oceanic guidance and its geographical position as the most strategic archipelago on earth. Cascading the oceanic verses into daily da’wah and weekly Friday sermon is a necessary means to reap the ontological benefits of the blessing Qur’an and of dwelling in the largest marine continent of Indonesia.

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ŠULER, Marija. "Mandžurska politika urejanja mednarodnih odnosov s posebnim ozirom na kantonsko trgovino." Asian Studies, no. 3 (December 1, 2012): 21–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/as.2012.-16.3.21-52.

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Propad domače dinastije Ming sredi sedemnajstega stoletja predstavlja pomembno zgodovinsko prelomnico na razvojni poti Kitajske. Prenos in konsolidacija dinastične oblasti v rokah tujih, mandžurskih zavojevalcev sta sovpadala z vse večjo prisotnostjo zahodnoevropskih trgovcev, misijonarjev in raziskovalcev, ki so na Kitajsko prihajali po morju, kakor tudi s kopenskim prodiranjem Rusov proti obalam Tihega oceana. Eni in drugi so prinašali znamenja nekih drugih civilizacij, ki pa so onkraj zidu trčila ob tradicionalne nazore o superiornosti in samozadostnosti kitajske države. Pričujoči članek spremlja razvoj ustreznih direktiv in praks, ki jih je glede urejanja meddržavnih političnih in trgovinskih odnosov formulirala osrednja mandžurska oblast, in ki so vsekakor pomembno vplivale tudi na vzpon in propad sistema kantonske trgovine.

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Brosche, P. "Oceanic Influences on the Angular Velocity of the Earth." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 141 (1990): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900086617.

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Hydrodynamical computations of the major partial tides in the oceans have been evaluated for the changes both in moment of inertia and relative angular momentum due to ocean currents. If the system solid Earth plus oceans is seen as an isolated system for these time scales, the oceanic variations lead to mirror-like changes in the rotation of the solid Earth. Amplitudes are of the order of 0.1 ms in Universal time. In contrast to the effects of solid Earth tide, phases are away from equilibrium phases.

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Haines, K., M. Valdivieso, H. Zuo, and V. N. Stepanov. "Transports and budgets in a 1/4 ° global ocean reanalysis 1989–2010." Ocean Science 8, no. 3 (June 7, 2012): 333–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-8-333-2012.

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Abstract. Large-scale ocean transports of heat and freshwater have not been well monitored, and yet the regional budgets of these quantities are important to understanding the role of the oceans in climate and climate change. In contrast, atmospheric heat and freshwater transports are commonly assessed from atmospheric reanalysis products, despite the presence of non-conserving data assimilation based on the wealth of distributed atmospheric observations as constraints. The ability to carry out ocean reanalyses globally at eddy-permitting resolutions of 1/4 ° or better, along with new global ocean observation programs, now makes a similar approach viable for the ocean. In this paper we examine the budgets and transports within a global high resolution ocean model constrained by ocean data assimilation, and compare them with independent oceanic and atmospheric estimates.

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Holmes, Thomas M., Zanna Chase, Pier van der Merwe, Ashley T. Townsend, and Andrew R. Bowie. "Detection, dispersal and biogeochemical contribution of hydrothermal iron in the ocean." Marine and Freshwater Research 68, no. 12 (2017): 2184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf16335.

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This review aims to bring into focus the current understanding of hydrothermal systems and plume dynamics, tracers of hydrothermalism and the contribution of iron from hydrothermal vents to the global oceanic iron budget. The review then explores hydrothermal effect on surface ocean productivity. It is now well documented that scarcity of iron limits the production of chlorophyll-producing organisms in many regions of the ocean that are high in macronutrients. However, it is only recently that hydrothermal inputs have gained recognition as a source of Fe to the deep oceans that may potentially affect surface ocean productivity in some regions. A compilation of iron measurements from hydrothermal vents reveals that although hydrothermal studies measuring iron have increased significantly in recent years, there is still a dearth of data below 40°S. New analytical approaches for tracing iron sources, coupled with increasing sampling coverage of the oceans, is quickly improving knowledge of the effect of hydrothermal sources on biogeochemical cycles, a vital component in predicting future climate scenarios.

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RÍOS, PILAR, RICARDO AGUILAR, ANA TORRIENTE, ARACELI MUÑOZ, and JAVIER CRISTOBO. "Sponge grounds of Artemisina (Porifera, Demospongiae) in the Iberian Peninsula, ecological characterization by ROV techniques." Zootaxa 4466, no. 1 (August 31, 2018): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4466.1.10.

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Artemisina Vosmaer, 1885 is a poecilosclerid microcionoid sponge genus with 20 valid species, seven of which have been recorded in the Atlantic Ocean.The present study describes Artemisina sponge grounds in Iberia Peninsula. A. transiens is a sponge described in 1890 by Topsent in Galicia (Spain); A. hispanica was also collected in the north of Spain by Ferrer-Hernández (1917); World Porifera Database (WPD) considers at the moment both mushroom-shaped species as synonyms (van Soest et al., 2018), but we have only been able to check the types of A. hispanica. The studied samples were collected in Somos Llungo station and they correspond clearly to those described as A. hispanica by Ferrer-Hernández (1917) and it presents differences in the skeleton with respet to description of A. transiens in the literture. There are no more records after 1917 and there are no data of ecological characterisation nor is there a detailed description of its skeletal composition with Scanning Electron Microscopy. In the previous records the formation of sponge grounds of these species was not known. Oceana, the largest international organization focused solely on protecting the world’s oceans, has recorded the habitat of Artemisina in Atlantic and Cantabrian waters during a series of ROV cruises for the identification of marine areas with high ecological value that need protection. Its life conditions and associated fauna are described from direct observations for the first time.

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Zehr, Jonathan P., Mark T. Mellon, and Sabino Zani. "New Nitrogen-Fixing Microorganisms Detected in Oligotrophic Oceans by Amplification of Nitrogenase (nifH) Genes." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 64, no. 9 (September 1, 1998): 3444–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.64.9.3444-3450.1998.

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ABSTRACT Oligotrophic oceanic waters of the central ocean gyres typically have extremely low dissolved fixed inorganic nitrogen concentrations, but few nitrogen-fixing microorganisms from the oceanic environment have been cultivated. Nitrogenase gene (nifH) sequences amplified directly from oceanic waters showed that the open ocean contains more diverse diazotrophic microbial populations and more diverse habitats for nitrogen fixers than previously observed by classical microbiological techniques. Nitrogenase genes derived from unicellular and filamentous cyanobacteria, as well as from the α and γ subdivisions of the class Proteobacteria, were found in both the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. nifH sequences that cluster phylogenetically with sequences from sulfate reducers or clostridia were found associated with planktonic crustaceans. Nitrogenase sequence types obtained from invertebrates represented phylotypes distinct from the phylotypes detected in the picoplankton size fraction. The results indicate that there are in the oceanic environment several distinct potentially nitrogen-fixing microbial assemblages that include representatives of diverse phylotypes.

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Cavara, Pietro. "Tra Hobbes e Mandeville. La questione del potere ne La Repubblica di Oceana di James Harrington." RIVISTA TRIMESTRALE DI SCIENZA DELL'AMMINISTRAZIONE, no. 3 (November 2010): 151–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/sa2010-003014.

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L'autore getta lo sguardo sul pensiero di Harrington e sul suo rigore metodologico affidato a un determinismo economico-proprietario prima di Marx che gli consente di interpretare in forma nuova la societŕ inglese del suo tempo. Ne emerge l'approccio critico nei confronti del mondo borghese e la visione aristocratica in contrasto con le correnti "estreme" di Hobbes e di Mandeville. Dall'analisi della politica, dell'economia e dell'educazione, sorge l'incompatibilitŕ tra l'affermarsi di un individualismo proprietario e competitivo in parte ripudiato e il bisogno di fondare un nuovo modello di societŕ, che in nome di un falso equilibrio e della legge agraria si affidi al recupero dell'antica prudenza. A questo modo Harrington tradisce la teoria del balance economico e dei suoi effetti a vantaggio di una "proposta" ancora intrisa di pensiero machiavelliano. Diventa utile a tal fine la ripresa del contrasto marxiano tra logica storica e logica reale applicato al repubblicanesimo dell'autore inglese.

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Huang, Mong-Na Lo, Chun-Sui Lin, and Keryea Soong. "Factor Effects Testing for Mixture Distributions with Application to the Study of Emergence of Pontomyia Oceana." Journal of Data Science 2, no. 3 (July 20, 2021): 213–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.6339/jds.2004.02(3).153.

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Diederiks-Verschoor, I. H. Ph. "Stephen Gorove, United States Space Law: National and International Regulation, Oceana Publications, New York 1983, Supplements." Netherlands International Law Review 32, no. 01 (May 1985): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165070x00010731.

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Maxwell, Anne. "OCEANA REVISITED: J. A. FROUDE'S 1884 JOURNEY TO NEW ZEALAND AND THE PINK AND WHITE TERRACES." Victorian Literature and Culture 37, no. 2 (September 2009): 377–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s106015030909024x.

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In his popular Romance of London (1867), John Timbs refers to Thomas Babington Macaulay's oft-repeated metaphor of a “New Zealander sitting, like a hundredth-century Marius, on the mouldering arches of London Bridge, contemplating the colossal ruins of St Paul's” (290). Originally intended as an illustration of the vigor and durability of the Roman Catholic Church despite the triumph of the Reformation, Macaulay's most famous evocation of this idea dates from 1840, the year of New Zealand's annexation; hence it is reasonable to suppose that this figure is a Maori (Bellich 297–98). For Timbs and subsequent generations, however, the image conveyed the sobering idea of the rise and fall of civilizations and in particular of England being invaded and overrun, if not by a horde of savages, then by a more robust class of Anglo-Saxons from the other side of the world.

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Soong, Keryea, Juyin Chen, and Chun-Jen Tsao. "Adaptation for accuracy or for precision? Diel emergence timing of the intertidal insect Pontomyia oceana (Chironomidae)." Marine Biology 150, no. 2 (June 14, 2006): 173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00227-006-0364-7.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Oceana'

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