Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ocean optic

Academic literature on the topic 'Ocean optic'

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Published: 1 April 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Ocean optic"

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Morais, Robert M. "Implementation of Fiber Optic Technology in Naval Combatants." Marine Technology and SNAME News 24, no. 01 (January 1, 1987): 59–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.1987.24.1.59.

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This paper provides a summary of activities and developments that directly impacted the implementation of fiber optics on naval combatants. The paper concludes that the benefits are clear, that the technology has matured, and that implementation as a system element in ship design and construction is accelerating. The paper also includes a short tutorial on the basic elements of a fiber optic link as well as the advantages, disadvantages, and applications of fiber optics.
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Zugger, M. E., and R. E. Hoffman. "Fiber Optics for Shipboard Sensing and Information Transfer." Marine Technology and SNAME News 27, no. 06 (November 1, 1990): 361–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.1990.27.6.361.

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Fiber optics has been a rapidly growing field over the past decade. It has been utilized extensively by the telecommunications industry, an application which requires the transmission of large amounts of information at a high data rate. More recently, many firms have initiated development of fiber optic sensors. These are transducers that use purely fiber optic technology for sensing physical parameters, such as pressure, temperature, and strain. Trends and projections for ships of the future indicate that dramatically increased monitoring and computer control will be necessary for most ship systems. Not only will automation be used for meeting reduced manning requirements, other economic constraints will require extensive machinery monitoring for improved maintenance scheduling. Integrated navigation systems on commercial ships will require high-resolution displays, and rapid data transfer between satellite, radar, and bottom-sounding sonar navigation subsystems. These applications will require fiber optics both in data transfer networks and in sensors. This paper is intended to apprise the marine engineering community of the potential benefits which fiber optic networks and sensors bring to shipboard installations. A brief tutorial on fiber optics is given, including a discussion of space, weight, and data rate advantages; the various fundamental sensing techniques are explained, and examples of prototype and commercially available sensors for potential shipboard use are provided. The report concludes with an example of a commercial ship application, and an assessment of the action needed by the ship design community and sensor vendors to reap the performance, safety, and economic benefits of this technology.
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GERDT, DAVID W. "Fiber Optic Coupler Sensors." Naval Engineers Journal 102, no. 3 (May 1990): 275–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1990.tb02651.x.

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Chave, Alan D., Gary Waterworth, Andrew R. Maffei, and Gene Massion. "Cabled Ocean Observatory Systems." Marine Technology Society Journal 38, no. 2 (June 1, 2004): 30–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/002533204787522785.

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Future studies of episodic processes in the ocean and earth will require new tools to complement traditional, ship-based, expeditionary science. This will be enabled through the construction of innovative facilities called ocean observatories which provide unprecedented amounts of power and two-way bandwidth to access and control instrument networks in the oceans. The most capable ocean observatories are designed around a submarine fiber optic/power cable connecting one or more seafloor science nodes to the terrestrial power grid and communications backhaul. This paper defines the top level requirements that drive cabled observatory design and the system engineering environment within which a scientifically-capable infrastructure can be implemented. Commercial high reliability submarine telecommunication technologies which will be crucial in the design of long term cabled observatories are then reviewed. The top level architecture of a generic cabled observatory, describing the main subsystems comprising the whole and defining technological approaches to their engineering, is then described, along with some example design choices and tradeoff studies
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Kovač, Lea, Marija Volk, Maja Šuštar Habjan, and Marko Hawlina. "Oxidative Stress in Antibiotic Toxic Optic Neuropathy Mimicking Acute LHON in a Patient with Exacerbation of Cystic Fibrosis." Stresses 3, no. 1 (March 14, 2023): 387–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/stresses3010028.

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The striking similarity of disc edema without leakage on fluorescein angiography, which is pathognomonic of Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON), was present in a patient with cystic fibrosis with antibiotic toxic optic neuropathy. This similarity suggested the common effect of oxidative stress on retinal ganglion cells in inherited mitochondrial and antibiotic optic neuropathies. We present the case of a patient with advanced cystic fibrosis on chronic antibiotic treatment who experienced a rapid painless bilateral visual decline over a course of a few weeks. At examination, his corrected visual acuity was reduced to 0.3 in both eyes, with dyschromatopsia and central scotoma. The appearance of the fundus resembled the typical clinical features of acute LHON with hyperemic optic discs and tortuous vessels with no dye leakage from the optic discs on fluorescein angiography. Ganglion cell layer loss was seen on optic coherence tomography, with all findings pointing to LHON. Genetic testing did not reveal any LHON-specific mutations. After extended genetic testing, a heterozygous variant c.209C>T in the OPA3 gene on chromosome 19, g.46032648G>A, classified as a variant of unknown significance, was also found. After discontinuing antibiotics and general improvements in his health, surprisingly, his visual function completely improved. Later, he also received a bilateral lung transplant that further improved his general condition, and his vision remained normal. Excluding LHON, the transient optic neuropathy in our patient could be mainly due to antibiotic toxicity of linezolid and ciprofloxacin, which have been linked to mitochondrial dysfunction and advanced cystic fibrosis with hypoxic status. We suggest the possibility that patients with cystic fibrosis may be more prone to developing mitochondrial optic neuropathy, especially with additional risk factors such as chronic antibiotic therapy, which affect mitochondrial function, and can perhaps serve as a model for LHON.
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Ramesh, Raju, Dharmaraj Sathianarayanan, Vittal Doss Prakash, Arumugam Vadivelan, Sethuraman Ramesh, Gidugu Ananda Ramadass, and Malayath Aravindakshan Atmanand. "Failure Analysis of Fiber Optic Communication System in Deep-Water Remotely Operated Vehicle ROSUB 6000." Marine Technology Society Journal 48, no. 3 (May 1, 2014): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.48.3.11.

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AbstractSingle-mode fiber optic systems can play vital roles in cabled deep-water vehicle operations at greater depths (>3,000 m). One kind of single-mode fiber optic system, the ROSUB 6000, is used in a deep-water work-class remotely operated vehicle (ROV). Fiber optic link failure of ROV telemetry and sound navigation and ranging were noticed at a water depth of 3,050 m during the ROSUB 6000 system sea trials. A failure analysis of the fiber optic communication system was carried out with the link data logged during different phases of the deep-sea trials. The results from the failure analysis carried out during deep-sea trials showed an increase in the fiber optic link loss from a depth of 900 m onwards. Further analysis of the fiber optic link loss in the laboratory involved pressure and low-temperature testing of all the subsea components in the ROV telemetry link. From the laboratory pressure test results, it was concluded that pressure was not the root cause of the fiber optic link failure. On further analysis, a complete fiber optic link failure was noticed during the low-temperature testing of the subsea components. Furthermore, the low-temperature testing of the individual subsea components revealed that the fiber optic rotary joint (FORJ) insertion loss increased rapidly at low temperatures. This FORJ insertion loss led to complete failure of the fiber optic links in the ROV. The degradation of index-matching fluid in the FORJ was identified to be the root cause of fiber link failure.
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Kumari, C. R. Uma, Dhanalakshmi Samiappan, Kumar R., and Tata Sudhakar. "Fiber optic sensors in ocean observation: A comprehensive review." Optik 179 (February 2019): 351–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2018.10.186.

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Suhandy, D., Kusumiyati, and M. Yulia. "Discrimination between arabica and robusta coffees using NIR-integrating sphere spectroscopy coupled with hierarchical clustering analysis." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1038, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 012034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1038/1/012034.

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Abstract In Indonesia, coffee farmers preferred to produce arabica and robusta coffee. Regarding its superior quality and commercial values, now the demand for specialty arabica and fine robusta coffee is increasing. In this research, discrimination between the two coffees was evaluated using NIR-integrating sphere spectroscopy coupled with the hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) method. NIR spectral data in the region of 1175-1650 nm was measured using a portable fiber optic NIR spectrometer equipped with an integrating sphere from Ocean Optics (NIR-Quest, Ocean Optics, USA). Arabica (n=10) and robusta (n=10) ground roasted coffee (with mesh 50) was prepared as samples. The principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were utilized in data analysis to discriminate between the specialty arabica and fine robusta coffee samples. The PCA and HCA results confirmed the good separation between the two coffees with arabica and robusta coffee samples were grouped in two distinct clusters. This result reveals that NIR-integrating sphere spectroscopy seems to be a potential analytical method dedicated to the discrimination of arabica and robusta coffee with minimum sample preparation.
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Mippo, Naiara Tieme, Paulo Henrique Kiohara Acyoli Bastos, Felipe Streitenberger Ivo, and Olympio Lucchini Coutinho. "Photodetector optic power optimization to increase the gain on sub-octave microwave photonic link / Optimização da potência óptica do fotodetector para aumentar o ganho na ligação fotónica de microondas sub-octave." Brazilian Applied Science Review 5, no. 5 (September 16, 2021): 1990–2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.34115/basrv5n5-002.

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An investigation of the optic spectral components beating at the photodetector to recover the RF signal at the output of a sub-octave microwave photonic link is presented, by a theoretical and experimental approach. It is demonstrated the best efficiency is achieved when the carrier to sideband ratio (CSR) is 0 dB at a low bias voltage condition on Mach-Zehnder (MZM) intensity modulator. A RF power link gain improvement of 9.7 dB is demonstrated for a same photodetector incident optic power, compared with a link operating at quadrature bias voltage condition on the MZM.
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Mippo, Naiara Tieme, Paulo Henrique Kiohara Acyoli Bastos, Felipe Streitenberger Ivo, and Olympio Lucchini Coutinho. "Photodetector optic power optimization to increase the gain on sub-octave microwave photonic link / Optimização da potência óptica do fotodetector para aumentar o ganho na ligação fotónica de microondas sub-octave." Brazilian Applied Science Review 5, no. 5 (September 16, 2021): 1990–2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.34115/basrv5n5-002.

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An investigation of the optic spectral components beating at the photodetector to recover the RF signal at the output of a sub-octave microwave photonic link is presented, by a theoretical and experimental approach. It is demonstrated the best efficiency is achieved when the carrier to sideband ratio (CSR) is 0 dB at a low bias voltage condition on Mach-Zehnder (MZM) intensity modulator. A RF power link gain improvement of 9.7 dB is demonstrated for a same photodetector incident optic power, compared with a link operating at quadrature bias voltage condition on the MZM.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ocean optic"

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Harker, Genevra E. L. "A comparison between optical properties measured in the field and the laboratory, and the development of an optical model." Thesis, Bangor University, 1997. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/a-comparison-between-optical-properties-measured-in-the-field-and-the-laboratory-and-the-development-of-an-optical-model(73ac3679-0a9e-4fed-af24-560041daca25).html.

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Woods, Sarah F. "Optical Depolarization from Turbulent Convective Flow: A Laboratory Study." Scholarly Repository, 2010. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/362.

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In an effort to investigate the role of turbulence in near-forward scattering, laboratory measurements of scattering on turbulent flow were carried out in a Rayleigh-Bénard convective tank. Particle Image Velocimetry and profiling thermistor temperature measurements are used to characterize the turbulent flow through determination of the large scale flow features, turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rates, and thermal dissipation rates. Polarized diffractometer measurements allow for determination of the turbulence-induced depolarization rate, which is comparable to that observed with polarimetric lidar. Measurements were made over a range of turbulent strengths, with Rayleigh number between 10^8 and 3*10^9, and with turbulent parameters corresponding to those characteristic of the oceanic mixed layer. Results show that the turbulence-induced depolarization rate is indirectly proportional to the strength of the turbulent flow, suggesting that light beam depolarization from turbulent flow may contain useful information regarding the smallest length scales of turbulent flow.
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Foster, Robert. "The polarization of light in coastal and open oceans| Reflection and transmission by the air-sea interface and application for the retrieval of water optical properties." Thesis, The City College of New York, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10254604.

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For decades, traditional remote sensing retrieval methods that rely solely on the spectral intensity of the water-leaving light have provided indicators of aquatic ecosystem health. With the increasing demand for new water quality indicators and improved accuracy of existing ones, the limits of traditional remote sensing approaches are becoming apparent. Use of the additional information intrinsic to the polarization state of light is therefore receiving more attention. One of the major challenges inherent in any above-surface determination of the water-leaving radiance, scalar or vector, is the removal of extraneous light which has not interacted with the water body and is therefore not useful for remote sensing of the water itself. Due in-part to the lack of a proven alternative, existing polarimeter installations have thus far assumed that such light was reflected by a flat sea surface, which can lead to large inaccuracies in the water-leaving polarization signal. This dissertation rigorously determines the full Mueller matrices for both surface-reflected skylight and upwardly transmitted light by a wind-driven ocean surface. A Monte Carlo code models the surface in 3D and performs polarized ray-tracing, while a vector radiative transfer (VRT) simulation generates polarized light distributions from which the initial Stokes vector for each ray is inferred. Matrices are computed for the observable range of surface wind speeds, viewing and solar geometries, and atmospheric aerosol loads. Radiometer field-of-view effects are also assessed. Validation of the results is achieved using comprehensive VRT simulations of the atmosphere-ocean system based on several oceanographic research cruises and specially designed polarimeters developed by the City College of New York: one submerged beneath the surface and one mounted on a research vessel. When available, additional comparisons are made at 9 km altitude with the NASA Research Scanning Polarimeter (RSP). Excellent agreement is achieved between all instrumentation, demonstrating the accuracy of the modeling approach and validating the computed Mueller matrices. Further, the results are used to demonstrate the feasibility for polarimetric retrieval of the total attenuation coefficient for Case II waters, a feat which is not possible using scalar remote sensing methods.

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Martin, Michiko J. "An investigation of momentum exchange parameterizations and atmospheric forcing for the Coastal Mixing and Optics Program." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/55324.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Joint Program in Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Ocean Engineering; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 1998.
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This thesis presents an investigation of the influence of surface waves on momentum exchange. A quantitative comparison of direct covariance friction velocity measurements to bulk aerodynamic and inertial dissipation estimates indicates that both indirect methods systematically underestimate the momentum flux into developing seas. To account for wave-induced processes and yield improved flux estimates, modifications to the traditional flux parameterizations are explored. Modification to the bulk aerodynamic method involves incorporating sea state dependence into the roughness length calculation. For the inertial dissipation method, a new parameterization for the dimensionless dissipation rate is proposed. The modifications lead to improved momentum flux estimates for both methods.
by Michiko J. Martin.
S.M.
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North, Jan Arthur. "Fourier image synthesis and slope spectrum analysis of deepwater, wind-wave scenes viewed at Brewster's angle /." Online version of thesis, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11520.

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Farmer, Andrew Scott. "Bottom albedo derivations using hyperspectral spectrometry and multispectral video." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0001054.

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Kay, Susan Barbara. "Radiative transfer modelling for sun glint correction in marine satellite imagery." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3523.

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Remote sensing is a powerful tool for studying the marine environment; however, many images are contaminated by sun glint, the specular reflection of light from the water surface. Improved radiative transfer modelling could lead to better methods for estimating and correcting sunglint. This thesis explores the effect of using detailed numerical models of the sea surface when investigating the transfer of light through the atmosphere-ocean system. New numerical realisations that model both the shape and slope of the sea surface have been created; these contrast with existing radiative transfer models, where the air-water interface has slope but not elevation. Surface realisations including features on a scale from 3 mm to 200 m were created by a Fourier synthesis method, using up to date spectra of the wind-blown sea surface. The surfaces had mean square slopes and elevation variances in line with those of observed seas, for wind speeds up to 15 m/s. Ray-tracing using the new surfaces gave estimates of reflected radiance that were similar to those made using slope statistics methods, but significantly different in 41% of cases tested. The mean difference in the reflected radiance at these points was 19%, median 7%. Elevation-based surfaces give increased sideways scattering and reduced forward scattering of light incident on the sea surface. The elevation-based models have been applied to estimate pixel-pixel variation in ocean colour imagery and to simulate scenes viewed by three types of sensor. The simulations correctly estimated the size and position of the glint zone. Simulations of two ocean colour images gave a lower peak reflectance than the original values, but higher reflectance at the edge of the glint zone. The use of the simulation to test glint correction methods has been demonstrated, as have global Monte Carlo techniques for investigating sensitivity and uncertainty in sun glint correction. This work has shown that elevation-based sea surface models can be created and tested using readily-available computer hardware. The new model can be used to simulate glint in a variety of situations, giving a tool for testing glint correction methods. It could also be used for glint correction directly, by predicting the level of sun glint in a given set of conditions.
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Calmes, Lonnie Kirkland. "Solid-state Raman image amplification." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/288920.

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Amplification of low-light-level optical images is important for extending the range of lidar systems that image and detect objects in the atmosphere and underwater. The use of range-gating to produce images of particular range bins is also important in minimizing the image degradation due to light that is scattered backward from aerosols, smoke, or water along the imaging path. For practical lidar systems that must be operated within sight of unprotected observers, eye safety is of the utmost importance. This dissertation describes a new type of eye-safe, range-gated lidar sensing element based on Solid-state Raman Image Amplification (SSRIA) in a solid-state optical crystal. SSRIA can amplify low-level images in the eye-safe infrared at 1.556 μm with gains up to 106 with the addition of only quantum-limited noise. The high gains from SSRIA can compensate for low quantum efficiency detectors and can reduce the need for detector cooling. The range-gate of SSRIA is controlled by the pulsewidth of the pump laser and can be as short as 30-100 cm, using pump pulses of 2-6.7 nsec FWHM. A rate equation theoretical model is derived to help in the design of short pulsed Raman lasers. A theoretical model for the quantum noise properties of SSRIA is presented. SSRIA results in higher SNR images throughout a broad range of incident light levels, in contrast to the increasing noise factor with reduced gain in image intensified CCD's. A theoretical framework for the optical resolution of SSRIA is presented and it is shown that SSRIA can produce higher resolution than ICCD's. SSRIA is also superior in rejecting unwanted sunlight background, further increasing image SNR. Lastly, SSRIA can be combined with optical pre-filtering to perform optical image processing functions such as high-pass filtering and automatic target detection/recognition. The application of this technology to underwater imaging, called Marine Raman Image Amplification (MARIA) is also discussed. MARIA operates at a wavelength of 563 nm, which passes most efficiently through coastal ocean waters. The imaging resolution of MARIA in the marine environment can be superior to images produced by laser line scan or standard range-gated imaging systems.
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Sensi, Daniel Tyler. "Optical Detection and Classification of Phytoplankton Taxa through Spectral Analysis." Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4400.

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Phytoplankton serve as the bottom of the marine food web and therefore play an essential role in marine ecosystems. On the other hand, coastal phytoplankton communities can adversely affect the marine ecosystem and humans. A variety of techniques have been developed to measure and study phytoplankton, including in situ methods (e.g., flow cytometry) and laboratory methods (e.g., microscopic taxonomy). These provide accurate measurements of phytoplankton taxa and concentrations, yet they are limited in space and time, and synoptic information is difficult to obtain with these techniques. Optical remote sensing may provide complementary information for its synoptic nature, as demonstrated by satellite estimates of major phytoplankton taxa in major ocean basins. It has remained a challenge, however, for coastal and estuarine waters due to their optical complexity. One pioneering work relied on hyperspectral absorption spectra of phytoplankton pigments (Millie et al., 1995), from which Gymnodinium breve (i.e., Karenia brevis) blooms on the West Florida shelf could be detected and quantified in situ. However, whether a similar approach can be developed for estuarine waters where toxic blooms are often found is still unknown. Thus, the objective of this study is to test and develop an approach to classify major phytoplankton taxa found in two estuaries in Florida, U.S.A., based on optical analysis of the phytoplankton absorption spectra. In this study, over 250 surface water samples were collected on numerous cruise surveys from two Florida estuaries (Tampa Bay, ∼1000 km2 on the west coast; and the Indian River Lagoon, ∼900 km2 on the east coast). The samples were filtered and then processed using standard NASA protocols to determine 1) their spectral absorption coefficients due to phytoplankton pigments, aph (λ) (m-1), and 2) their chlorophyll a concentrations (mg m-3). aph (λ) was further normalized by Chl a, resulting in chlorophyll-specific absorption coefficient, a aph∗ (λ) (m2 mg-1). For each sample, phytoplankton cell counts were enumerated by the Florida Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) Fish and Wildlife Research Institute (FWRI) through microscopic taxonomy. The a aph∗ (λ) data were then categorized based on the dominant phytoplankton taxa, and were separated as either bloom or non-bloom using a 100,000 cell∕L threshold of the dominant taxa. Three techniques were tested for classifying phytoplankton taxa using absorption spectra; a first derivative summation, a relative height analysis, and an integration analysis. The integration technique proved to be the most successful of the three. This technique performed an integration of a aph∗ (572-600nm) against a linear baseline, and yielded an 81% success rate (13 of 16 samples) and 9% false positive rate (13 of 144 samples) in separating blooms of the dinoflagellate Pyrodinium bahamense from other bloom and non-bloom taxa found in the Tampa Bay estuary. The same integration technique, but with the wavelength range shifted to 471 nm - 490 nm, was also applied to the samples collected in the Indian River Lagoon estuary from summer 2011 to study the green flagellate of the class Pedinophyceae.. The results showed an 80% success rate (8 of 10 samples) and a 0.5% false positive rate (1 of 156 samples) in separating the Pedinophyceae bloom taxa from other bloom and non-bloom taxa found in both the Indian River Lagoon and Tampa Bay. The number of bloom samples was relatively low (16 from Tampa Bay and 10 from IRL). Thus, the results from this study are preliminary and will require more sampling in order to further develop this technique to a practical method for field use. However, the results obtained from this study are comparable to those from other techniques for classification of phytoplankton taxa, for example, BreveBuster, SIPPER, FlowCAM, and satellite ocean color remote sensing of the open ocean. Yet this technique extends to optically complex estuarine waters, and therefore may represent a step towards the ultimate goal of applying satellite remote sensing in characterizing phytoplankton taxa in estuaries. Once confirmed with more samples from the same two estuaries as well as from other estuaries, an immediate next step may be the implementation of in situoptical instruments on either buoys (e.g., MARVIN in Tampa Bay) or flow-through systems to provide continuous characterization of major phytoplankton taxa in the two estuaries.
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Holman, Kiyomi. "Testing Approaches and Sensors for Satellite-Derived Bathymetry in Nunavut." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/41402.

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Nearshore bathymetry in the Canadian Arctic is poorly surveyed, but is vital knowledge for coastal communities that rely on marine transportation for resources and development. Nautical charts currently available are often outdated and surveying by traditional methods is both time consuming and expensive. Satellite-derived bathymetry (SDB) offers a significantly cheaper and faster option to provide information on nearshore bathymetry. The two most common approaches to SDB are empirical and physics-based. The empirical approach is simple and typically does well when calibrated with high-quality in-situ data, whereas the physics-based approach is more difficult to implement and requires precise atmospheric correction. This project tests the practical use of five methods within the empirical and physics-based approaches to SDB, using Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2 satellite imagery, at seven sites across Nunavut. Methods tested include: the Ratio-Transform, Multiband, and Random Forest Regression methods (empirical) and radiative transfer modeling (physics-based) using two atmospheric correction models: ACOLITE and Deep Water Correction. All methods typically use geolocated water depth data for validation, as well as calibration for the empirical methods. Spectral reflectance for model inputs were collected in Cambridge Bay, NU. Water depth data were acquired from the Canadian Hydrographic Service. All processing was conducted within the framework of plugins developed for the open-source GIS software, QGIS. Results from the empirical methods were typically poor due to poor calibration data, though Random Forest Regression performed well when good calibration data were available. Due to poor quality validation data, error for the physics-based results cannot be adequately quantified in most places. Additionally, atmospheric correction remains a challenge for the physics-based methods. Overall, results indicate that where large, high-quality calibration datasets are available, Random Forest Regression performs best of all methods tested, with little bias and low mean absolute error in water less than 10 m deep. As such datasets are rare in the Arctic, the physics-based method is often the only option for SDB and is an excellent qualitative tool for informing communities of shallow bathymetry features and assessing navigation risk.
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Books on the topic "Ocean optic"

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Stockel, James A. Data from the optical dynamics experiment (ODEX): R/V Acania expedition of 10 Oct thru 17 Nov 1982; vol. 1, CTD and optic profiles. Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 1986.

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Shifrin, K. S. Physical optics of ocean water. New York: American Institute of Physics, 1988.

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Hou, Weilin. Ocean sensing and monitoring: Optics and Other Methods. Bellingham, Wash: SPIE, 2009.

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Mueller, James L. Ocean optics protocols for SeaWiFS validation, revision 1. Greenbelt, Md: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, 1995.

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W, Spinrad Richard, Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers., CREOL (Research Center), SPIE Technical Symposium on Optical Engineering and Photonics in Aerospace Sensing (1990 : Orlando, Fla.), and SPIE Ocean Optics Symposium (10th : 1990 : Orlando, Fla.), eds. Ocean optics X: 16-18 April 1990, Orlando, Florida. Bellingham, WA: SPIE, 1990.

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W, Spinrad Richard, Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers., and CREOL (Research center), eds. Ocean optics X: 16-18 April 1990, Orlando, Florida. Bellingham, Wash., USA: SPIE, 1990.

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S, Jaffe Jules, and Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers., eds. Ocean optics XII: 13-15 June 1994, Bergen, Norway. Bellingham, Wash., USA: SPIE, 1994.

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A, Blizard Marvin, United States. Office of Naval Research., and Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers., eds. Ocean optics IX: 4-6 April, 1988, Orlando, Florida. Bellingham, Wash: SPIE-- the International Society for Optical Engineering, 1988.

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W, Spinrad Richard, Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers., CREOL (Research center), and SPIE Technical Symposium on Optical Engineering and Photonics in Aerospace Sensing (1990 : Orlando, Fla.), eds. Ocean optics X: 16-18 April 1990, Orlando, Florida. Bellingham, Wash., USA: SPIE, 1990.

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D, Gilbert Gary, and Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers., eds. Ocean optics XI: 20-22 July 1992, San Diego, California. Bellingham, Wash., USA: SPIE--the International Society for Optical Engineering, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Ocean optic"

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Yan, Jun, Xipeng Ying, Zhixun Yang, and Haitao Hu. "Fiber-Optic Cable." In Encyclopedia of Ocean Engineering, 1–5. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6963-5_149-1.

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Yan, Jun, Xipeng Ying, Zhixun Yang, and Haitao Hu. "Fiber-Optic Cable." In Encyclopedia of Ocean Engineering, 539–44. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6946-8_149.

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Song, Changhui. "Fiber Optic Hydrophone." In Encyclopedia of Ocean Engineering, 1–7. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6963-5_294-1.

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Mascarenhas, Veloisa, and Therese Keck. "Marine Optics and Ocean Color Remote Sensing." In YOUMARES 8 – Oceans Across Boundaries: Learning from each other, 41–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93284-2_4.

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Resseguier, Valentin, Erwan Hascoët, and Bertrand Chapron. "Random Ocean Swell-Rays: A Stochastic Framework." In Mathematics of Planet Earth, 259–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18988-3_16.

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AbstractOriginating from distant storms, swell systems radiate across all ocean basins. Far from their sources, emerging surface waves have low steepness characteristics, with very slow amplitude variations. Swell propagation then closely follows principles of geometrical optics, i.e. the eikonal approximation to the wave equation, with a constant wave period along geodesics, when following a wave packet at its group velocity. The phase averaged evolution of quasi-linear wave fields is then dominated by interactions with underlying current and/or topography changes. Comparable to the propagation of light in a slowly varying medium, over many wavelengths, cumulative effects can lead to refraction, i.e. change of the direction of propagation of a given wave packet, so that it departs from its initial ray-propagation direction. This opens the possibility of using surface swell systems as probes to estimate turbulence along their propagating path.
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Holligan, P. M., and W. M. Balch. "From the Ocean to Cells: Coccolithophore Optics and Biogeochemistry." In Particle Analysis in Oceanography, 301–24. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75121-9_12.

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Mukherjee, Lipi. "Machine Learning Based Retrieval Algorithms: Application to Ocean Optics." In Springer Series in Light Scattering, 31–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87683-8_2.

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Aspden, J. M., and J. Vanneste. "Inertia-gravity-wave generation: a geometric-optics approach." In IUTAM Symposium on Turbulence in the Atmosphere and Oceans, 17–26. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0360-5_2.

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"Fiber-Optic Sensor." In Encyclopedia of Ocean Engineering, 544. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6946-8_300270.

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"Fiber-Optic Gyro (FOG)." In Encyclopedia of Ocean Engineering, 544. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6946-8_300267.

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Conference papers on the topic "Ocean optic"

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Samanci, Özge, Adam Snyder, and Gabriel Caniglia. "Fiber-optic ocean." In SIGGRAPH '19: Special Interest Group on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3306211.3324022.

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Zhang, Wentao, Zhaogang Wang, Wenzhu Huang, Fang Li, Li Li, and Wenyi Liu. "Fiber optic ocean bottom seismograph." In OCEANS 2016 - Shanghai. IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oceansap.2016.7485522.

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Zhang, Wentao, Zhaogang Wang, Rui Ma, Wenzhu Huang, and Fang Li. "Fiber Optic Ocean Bottom Magnetometer." In Asia Communications and Photonics Conference. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/acpc.2017.su2b.1.

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D'Sa, Eurico J., Steven E. Lohrenz, Vernon L. Asper, Roy A. Walters, Michael J. Morris, and Catherine Rathbun. "Multisensor in-situ fiber optic fluorometer." In Ocean Optics XII, edited by Jules S. Jaffe. SPIE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.190088.

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Paton, Barry E. "Ocean Applications Of Fibre Optic Sensors." In 1986 Quebec Symposium, edited by Chander P. Grover. SPIE, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.938612.

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Caimi, Frank M. "Ocean-Optical Measurements Using Acousto-Optic Filtering." In 1986 Technical Symposium Southeast, edited by Marvin A. Blizard. SPIE, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.964231.

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Egorov, V. G. "Submersible UV-B spectroradiometer using an acouto-optic tunable fiber." In Ocean Optics XIII. SPIE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.266380.

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Huang, Yingsong, Liqiu Wang, Xiaojun Chen, Da Zhang, Wei Sun, and Huiliang Ge. "High-Sensitivity Miniaturized Fiber-Optic Hydrophones." In 2021 OES China Ocean Acoustics (COA). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/coa50123.2021.9519965.

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Samanci, Ozge, and Adam Snyder. "Fiber optic ocean: Merging media for data representation." In 2017 IEEE VIS Arts Program (VISAP). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/visap.2017.8282369.

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Glavas, Xenophon G. "Fiber Optic Cables in a Harsh Ocean Environment." In Cambridge Symposium-Fiber/LASE '86, edited by Roger A. Greenwell. SPIE, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.937636.

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Reports on the topic "Ocean optic"

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DeGrandpre, M. D., and F. L. Sayles. Fiber optic chemical sensors for characterizing the carbon cycle in ocean margin regions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6887154.

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DeGrandpre, M. D., and F. L. Sayles. Fiber optic chemical sensors for characterizing the carbon cycle in ocean margin regions. Annual progress report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10139625.

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Narvaez, Liliana, Joerg Szarzynski, and Zita Sebesvari. Technical Report: Tonga volcano eruption. United Nations University - Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS), August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53324/ysxa5862.

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On 15 January 2022, the Hunga-Tonga-Hunga-Ha'apai volcano eruption was felt across the Pacific Ocean and beyond, releasing energy equivalent to hundreds of Hiroshima nuclear explosions and creating supersonic air pressure waves that were observed from space. In the archipelago Kingdom of Tonga, the ashfall, tsunami and shock waves caused widespread devastation on several islands. The only fibre-optic cable that connects the islands with the rest of the world was severely damaged, leaving the entire country offline for more than three weeks. The case the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai volcano eruption showed that the inability to “be online” becomes a vulnerability in the context of extreme events. This technical background report for the 2021/2022 edition of the Interconnected Disaster Risks report analyses the root causes, drivers, impacts and potential solutions for the Tonga volcano eruption through a forensic analysis of academic literature, media articles and expert interviews.
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Balch, William M., James Vaughn, and Joaquim I. Goes. Nanoparticles and Ocean Optics. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada533234.

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Balch, William M., James Vaughn, and Joaquim I. Goes. Nanoparticles and Ocean Optics. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada519059.

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Balch, William M., James Vaughn, and Joaquim I. Goes. Nanoparticles and Ocean Optics. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada569308.

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Smart, Jeffrey H. Upgraded Worldwide Ocean Optics Database. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada612078.

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Smart, Jeffrey H. Expanded Worldwide Ocean Optics Database. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada541102.

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Smart, Jeffrey H. Upgraded Worldwide Ocean Optics Database. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada521749.

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Smart, Jeffrey H. Upgraded Worldwide Ocean Optics Database. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada573234.

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