Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ocean observational systems

Academic literature on the topic 'Ocean observational systems'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Ocean observational systems"

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Davis, Russ E., Lynne D. Talley, Dean Roemmich, W. Brechner Owens, Daniel L. Rudnick, John Toole, Robert Weller, Michael J. McPhaden, and John A. Barth. "100 Years of Progress in Ocean Observing Systems." Meteorological Monographs 59 (January 1, 2019): 3.1–3.46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/amsmonographs-d-18-0014.1.

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Abstract The history of over 100 years of observing the ocean is reviewed. The evolution of particular classes of ocean measurements (e.g., shipboard hydrography, moorings, and drifting floats) are summarized along with some of the discoveries and dynamical understanding they made possible. By the 1970s, isolated and “expedition” observational approaches were evolving into experimental campaigns that covered large ocean areas and addressed multiscale phenomena using diverse instrumental suites and associated modeling and analysis teams. The Mid-Ocean Dynamics Experiment (MODE) addressed mesoscale “eddies” and their interaction with larger-scale currents using new ocean modeling and experiment design techniques and a suite of developing observational methods. Following MODE, new instrument networks were established to study processes that dominated ocean behavior in different regions. The Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere program gathered multiyear time series in the tropical Pacific to understand, and eventually predict, evolution of coupled ocean–atmosphere phenomena like El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) sought to quantify ocean transport throughout the global ocean using temperature, salinity, and other tracer measurements along with fewer direct velocity measurements with floats and moorings. Western and eastern boundary currents attracted comprehensive measurements, and various coastal regions, each with its unique scientific and societally important phenomena, became home to regional observing systems. Today, the trend toward networked observing arrays of many instrument types continues to be a productive way to understand and predict large-scale ocean phenomena.
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Peres Teixeira, Carlos Eduardo. "THE DATA WE NEED FOR THE OCEAN WE WANT TO PREDICT: A BRAZILIAN PERSPECTIVE." Arquivos de Ciências do Mar 55, Especial (March 18, 2022): 292–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.32360/acmar.v55iespecial.78513.

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A Predicted Ocean is one of the UN Ocean Decade goals. Ocean observations and numerical simulations of the ocean circulation are at the heart of this outcome. Numerical models are used to understand the present and predict future ocean states, but also the human impact on it, among many other uses. However, its results are only a representation of reality, and we need to validate the numerical model outputs with observational data before using them. Considering its coast extension and the marine economic importance, Brazil does not collect enough physical ocean data and we have only a few real-time observation systems. Unfortunately, due to the COVID and the current national science budget crisis, the number of real-time observations has been further reduced. From a positive perspective, I must believe that this situation will change. We need to be prepared to convince the stakeholders of the importance of observing systems to our society and secure a budget in that regard. This is the way to better predict our oceans. Keywords: ocean modeling, observation systems, Ocean Decade, numerical model validation.
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Vella, Nicholas, Jamie Foley, James Sloat, Alexander Sandoval, Leonardo D’Attile, and Masoud Masoumi. "A Modular Wave Energy Converter for Observational and Navigational Buoys." Fluids 7, no. 2 (February 21, 2022): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids7020088.

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More than 80% of the ocean is not fully mapped or even observed, even though it covers over 70% of our planet’s surface. One of the primary challenges for ocean observation and monitoring is the required power for exploration and monitoring systems, which often operate in remote areas of the ocean. This work addresses the design and development of an ocean wave energy converter that can be installed on observational buoys to provide enough power for sensors, cameras, data acquisition and recording, as well as data transfer units. The initial simulations of the prototype indicate that this system can produce up to 3.7–3.85 watts of power on average, with greater than 12 watts of maximum power in two selected sites in California and Hawaii. The proposed system is simple and low-cost. Further, multiple energy converters can be installed on one buoy to address higher power needs.
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Karspeck, Alicia R. "An Ensemble Approach for the Estimation of Observational Error Illustrated for a Nominal 1° Global Ocean Model." Monthly Weather Review 144, no. 5 (May 2016): 1713–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-14-00336.1.

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Least squares algorithms for data assimilation require estimates of both background error covariances and observational error covariances. The specification of these errors is an essential part of designing an assimilation system; the relative sizes of these uncertainties determine the extent to which the state variables are drawn toward the observational information. Observational error covariances are typically computed as the sum of measurement/instrumental errors and “representativeness error.” In a coarse-resolution ocean general circulation model the errors of representation are the dominant contribution to observational error covariance over large portions of the globe, and the size of these errors will vary by the type of observation and the geographic region. They may also vary from model to model. A straightforward approach for estimating model-dependent, spatially varying observational error variances that are suitable for least squares ocean data assimilating systems is presented here. The author proposes an ensemble-based estimator of the true observational error variance and outlines the assumptions necessary for the estimator to be unbiased. The author also presents the variance (or uncertainty) associated with the estimator under certain conditions. The analytic expressions for the expected value and variance of the estimator are validated with a simple autoregressive model and illustrated for the nominal 1° resolution POP2 global ocean general circulation model.
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Tissier, Ann-Sophie, Jean-Michel Brankart, Charles-Emmanuel Testut, Giovanni Ruggiero, Emmanuel Cosme, and Pierre Brasseur. "A multiscale ocean data assimilation approach combining spatial and spectral localisation." Ocean Science 15, no. 2 (April 26, 2019): 443–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-15-443-2019.

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Abstract. Ocean data assimilation systems encompass a wide range of scales that are difficult to control simultaneously using partial observation networks. All scales are not observable by all observation systems, which is not easily taken into account in current ocean operational systems. The main reason for this difficulty is that the error covariance matrices are usually assumed to be local (e.g. using a localisation algorithm in ensemble data assimilation systems), so that the large-scale patterns are removed from the error statistics. To better exploit the observational information available for all scales in the assimilation systems of the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service, we investigate a new method to introduce scale separation in the assimilation scheme. The method is based on a spectral transformation of the assimilation problem and consists in carrying out the analysis with spectral localisation for the large scales and spatial localisation for the residual scales. The target is to improve the observational update of the large-scale components of the signal by an explicit observational constraint applied directly on the large scales and to restrict the use of spatial localisation to the small-scale components of the signal. To evaluate our method, twin experiments are carried out with synthetic altimetry observations (simulating the Jason tracks), assimilated in a 1/4∘ model configuration of the North Atlantic and the Nordic Seas. Results show that the transformation to the spectral domain and the spectral localisation provides consistent ensemble estimates of the state of the system (in the spectral domain or after backward transformation to the spatial domain). Combined with spatial localisation for the residual scales, the new scheme is able to provide a reliable ensemble update for all scales, with improved accuracy for the large scale; and the performance of the system can be checked explicitly and separately for all scales in the assimilation system.
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Black, Emily. "The relationship between Indian Ocean sea–surface temperature and East African rainfall." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 363, no. 1826 (January 15, 2005): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2004.1474.

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Knowledge of the processes that control East African rainfall is essential for the development of seasonal forecasting systems, which may mitigate the effects of flood and drought. This study uses observational data to unravel the relationship between the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and rainy autumns in East Africa. Analysis of sea–surface temperature data shows that strong East African rainfall is associated with warming in the Pacific and Western Indian Oceans and cooling in the Eastern Indian Ocean. The resemblance of this pattern to that which develops during IOD events implies a link between the IOD and strong East African rainfall. Further investigation suggests that the observed teleconnection between East African rainfall and ENSO is a manifestation of a link between ENSO and the IOD.
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Chu, Peter C., G. R. Amezaga, Jr, Eric L. Gottshall, and David S. Cwalina. "Ocean Nowcast/Forecast Systems for Improvement of Naval Undersea Capabilities." Marine Technology Society Journal 41, no. 2 (June 1, 2007): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/002533207787442178.

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The U.S. Navy is a major investor in ocean model development. The pay-off of such an investment is the value-added ocean nowcast/forecast systems on naval operations and warfare effectiveness. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the value added of the Navy's nowcast/forecast system to naval antisubmarine warfare (ASW) and anti-surface warfare (ASUW). The nowcast/forecast versus observational fields were used by the Weapon Acoustic Preset Program (WAPP) to determine the suggested presets for Mk 48 variant torpedo. The metric used to compare the two sets of outputs is the relative difference in acoustic coverage area generated by WAPP. Output presets are created for five different scenarios, two ASUW scenarios and three ASW scenarios in the South China Sea. The same metrics used in the nowcast/forecast case were used to generate and compare the acoustic coverage. Analysis of the output reveals that the ocean forecast system outperformed the nowcast system in most scenarios.
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Cowles, Tim, and Mike Prince. "Renewal of the Academic Research Fleet." Marine Technology Society Journal 38, no. 2 (June 1, 2004): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/002533204787522794.

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Ocean research depends upon access to the sea—whether for exploration, monitoring, or experimentation. Access to the sea by academic scientists occurs primarily through the use of research vessels in the U.S. Academic Research Fleet. As the scientific discipline of oceanography has grown over the past several decades, our fundamental need for dependable observations of the ocean has not diminished. Research vessels continue to serve as the critical platforms for those observations, even as oceanographers expand the types and extent of observational and experimental approaches to include systems as diverse as satellites, remotely-operated vehicles, and molecular probes. As we look at the next ten to twenty years of scientific research into ocean processes, we must consider the advanced observational and experimental capabilities that scientists will expect from the Academic Fleet. The clear definition of those capabilities and requirements then can guide the design and construction of the next vessels in the fleet.The imminent retirements (by 2015) of over half the existing UNOLS fleet poses a significant challenge for implementation of the several new initiatives in ocean science, including ocean observing systems, ocean drilling, and multi-disciplinary expeditionary programs. Some of these vessels could (and likely will) continue operations beyond their scheduled retirement dates, but with greater maintenance costs and diminishing capabilities to conduct modern ocean science.The Fleet Renewal Plan, developed by the Federal Oceanographic Facilities Committee in 2001, addresses this major challenge and provides a pathway for sustaining our national capabilities for ocean research through the construction of new Regional and Ocean Class vessels. The National Science Foundation has begun the design process for the first of the Regional Class vessels, but no funding mechanism has yet been identified for constructing the Ocean Class vessels defined by the Fleet Renewal Plan. We urge continued strong support for full implementation of the Fleet Renewal Plan.
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RAO, P. SANJEEVA. "Arabian Sea monsoon experiment: An overview." MAUSAM 56, no. 1 (January 19, 2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v56i1.849.

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The Arabian Sea Monsoon Experiment (ARMEX) is one of the land-ocean-atmosphere field experiments implemented in June-July 2002 and March-June 2003 under the Indian Climate Research Programme. The broad scientific objectives of the ARMEX are (i) to study the offshore trough embedded mesoscale vortices (Arabian Sea convection) associated with intense rainfall events on the west coast of India during monsoon period, and (ii) to study the evolution, maintenance and the collapse of the Arabian Sea warm pool and onset phase of the monsoon. Conventional weather monitoring systems, weather satellite observational systems, ships, met-ocean buoys, automatic weather stations, surface layer meteorological towers and aircraft were deployed with state-of-the-art instrumentation for this experiment. This paper attempts to provide an overview of the ARMEX scientific objectives, implementation strategy, resource mobilization, infrastructure deployed, observational data collation, archival and initial analysis by the participating scientists.
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van de Velde, Sebastiaan J., Christopher T. Reinhard, Andy Ridgwell, and Filip J. R. Meysman. "Bistability in the redox chemistry of sediments and oceans." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 52 (December 14, 2020): 33043–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2008235117.

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For most of Earth’s history, the ocean’s interior was pervasively anoxic and showed occasional shifts in ocean redox chemistry between iron-buffered and sulfide-buffered states. These redox transitions are most often explained by large changes in external inputs, such as a strongly altered delivery of iron and sulfate to the ocean, or major shifts in marine productivity. Here, we propose that redox shifts can also arise from small perturbations that are amplified by nonlinear positive feedbacks within the internal iron and sulfur cycling of the ocean. Combining observational evidence with biogeochemical modeling, we show that both sedimentary and aquatic systems display intrinsic iron–sulfur bistability, which is tightly linked to the formation of reduced iron–sulfide minerals. The possibility of tipping points in the redox state of sediments and oceans, which allow large and nonreversible geochemical shifts to arise from relatively small changes in organic carbon input, has important implications for the interpretation of the geological rock record and the causes and consequences of major evolutionary transitions in the history of Earth’s biosphere.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ocean observational systems"

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Hopkins, Julia A. "Field observations and numerical model simulations of a migrating inlet system." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/113475.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science and Engineering (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 2017
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
Waves, currents, and bathymetric change observed along 11 km of the southern shoreline of Martha's Vineyard include storm events, strong tidal flows (> 2 m/s), and an inlet migrating 2.5 km in ~7 years. A field-verified Delft3D numerical model developed for this system is used to examine the hydrodynamics in the nearshore and their effect on the migrating inlet. An initial numerical experiment showed that the observed 700 tidal modulation of wave direction in the nearshore was owing to interactions with tidal currents, and not to depth-induced refraction as waves propagated over complex shallow bathymetry. A second set of simulations focused on the separation of tidal currents from the southeast corner of Martha's Vineyard, showing the positive correlation between flow separation and sediment transport around a curved shoreline. Observations of waves, currents, and bathymetric change during hurricanes were reproduced in a third numerical experiment examining the competition between storm waves, which enhance inlet migration, and strong tidal currents, which scour the inlet and reduce migration rates. The combined field observations and simulations examined here demonstrate the importance of wave and tidal current forcings on morphological evolution at timescales of days to months.
by Julia A. Hopkins.
Ph. D.
Ph.D. Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science and Engineering (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution)
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Zhang, Meng. "Satellite observations and numerical simulations of jet-front gravity waves over North America and North Atlantic Ocean." Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/85995.

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In this study, a month-long simulation of gravity waves over North America and North Atlantic Ocean is performed using the mesoscale model MM5 for January 2003, verified with Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A) radiance observations in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. According to the monthly mean statistics, four regions of strong gravity wave activities are found both in the simulation and the AMSU-A observations: northwestern Atlantic, Appalachian Mountains, Rocky Mountains and Greenland, respectively. Those over the northwestern Atlantic Ocean are strongly associated with the midlatitude baroclinic jet-front systems, while the other three regions are apparently collocated with high topography. Imbalance diagnosis and numerical sensitivity experiments of a strong gravity wave event during January 18-22 show that the gravity waves are strongly linked to the unbalanced flow in the baroclinic jet-front system. The gravity waves are usually radiated from the upper tropospheric jet exit region with maximum nonlinear balance equation residual ( Δ NBE; key indicator of flow imbalance), distinctly different from other surface sources. Flow imbalance related strongly to tropopause folding and frontogenesis of the large-scale background flow. Similar wave characteristics are simulated in experiments with different microphysics and grid resolutions. The Δ NBE is again shown to be a good predictor for jet-front related gravity waves, suggesting its potential application to gravity wave parameterizations for global and climate models.
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Kurata, Naoko. "Sea Surface Microlayer Microbial Observation System." NSUWorks, 2012. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/188.

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Chapter 2 The sea surface microlayer is a biogenic thin layer, comprising less than one millimeter of the ocean surface. This surface layer has gained much attention due to its dampening effect on ocean capillary ripples. The chemistry of the air-sea interface has been studied for decades; however, the structure and function of the marine bacterial community within the sea surface microlayer are still understudied. Although various sea surface microlayer sampling techniques were developed over the past decades, aseptic bacterial sampling in the open ocean is a rather challenging task. In this study, a new approach is presented. It is designed for bacterial sampling of the sea surface microlayer, which intends to reduce sampling contamination from the vessel, subsurface water and the investigators. A 47mm polycarbonate membrane was utilized at each sampling site. In addition, the metagenomic approach using the new generation 454 high-throughput DNA sequencing system was employed to compensate for the small sample size. Two sample sets were collected in summer 2010 and fall 2011 from the sea surface microlayer and underlying water (20 cm deep). A contamination assessment was carried out to determine that contamination might have been caused during the use of the sampling techniques. A total of 14,120 bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences with an average length of 437.8 bp were obtained. A total of 1,254 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) were constructed and 268 genera were identified. The results indicated that the bacterial compositions of the sea surface microlayer samples were distinct from those of the underlying water samples. This experiment demonstrated that the new generation sequencing platform and microbial metagenomics analysis software together served as powerful tools to gain a deeper understanding of microbial communities within the sea surface microlayer. Furthermore, it is suggested that the newly employed sampling methods could be used to obtain a snapshot of bacterial community structure as well as environmental conditions. Chapter 3 Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) remote sensing captures various fine-scale features on the ocean surface such as coastal discharge, oil pollution, vessel traffic, algal blooms and sea slicks. Although numerous factors potentially affect the SAR imaging process, the influence of biogenic and anthropogenic surfactants has been suggested as one of the primary parameters, especially under relatively low wind conditions. Surfactants have a tendency to dampen the short gravity-capillary ocean waves causing the sea surface to smoothen, thus allowing the radar to detect areas of surfactants. Surfactants are found in sea slicks, which are the accumulation of organic material shaped as elongated bands on the ocean’s surface. Sea slicks are often observable with the naked eye due to their glassy appearance and can also be seen on SAR images as dark scars. While the sources of surfactants can vary, some are known to be associated with marine bacteria. Countless numbers of marine bacteria are present in the oceanic environment, and their biogeochemical contributions cannot be overlooked. Not only do marine bacteria produce surfactants, but they also play an important role in the transformation of surfactants. In this study, we profiled the surfactant-associated bacteria composition within the biogenic thin layer of the ocean surface more commonly referred as the sea surface microlayer (SML). Bacterial samples were collected from the SML for comparative analysis from both within and outside of sea slick areas as well as the respective underlying subsurface water. The bacterial microlayer sampling coincided with SAR satellite, RADARSAT-2, overpasses to demonstrate the simultaneous in-situ measurements during a satellite image capture. The SML sampling method was designed to enable aseptic bacterial sampling. A 47 mm polycarbonate membrane was utilized at each sampling site to obtain a snapshot of the bacterial community structure at a specific space and time. Also, a new generation high-throughput sequencing method was employed to compensate for the small sample size acquired. A total of 27,006 nucleotide sequences (16S rRNA genes) with an average 437.8 bp in length were analyzed. The results revealed the presence of industrially important surfactant-producing marine bacteria, Acinetobacter, Bacillus, Corynebacterium and surfactant-degrading marine bacteria, Escherichia. In addition, Pseudomonas was detected which can be either a producer, decomposer or both. Recognizing that there is still a large number of marine bacterial species that have not been taxonomically classified nor recognized as surfactant-associated species, the effects on SAR imaging due to a high number of surfactant-associated marine bacteria is expected. This study has provided the basis for the biological importance for fine-scale synthetic aperture satellite imaging. Moreover, this new approach is expected to have applications in monitoring biological and chemical properties of the sea surface across the globe.
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Augereau, Jean-Charles. "Evolution des disques planétaires : observations, modélisation et perspectives instrumentales." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE10194.

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Les disques de poussieres et de gaz autour des etoiles rejoignant la sequence principale sont les sites de formation des planetes extrasolaires dont l'existence s'est vu confirmee recemment. Cette these aborde l'etude de la poussiere des environnements circumstellaires. Elle associe des observations spatiales a haute resolution angulaire, la modelisation des proprietes physico-chimiques des poussieres et leur comportement optique, la modelisation des disques optiquement fins et la dynamique des planetesimaux a l'origine des grains observes autour des etoiles agees. Les images obtenues avec le telescope spatial hubble revelent deux nouveaux disques circumstellaires autour des etoiles hd 141569 et hd 100546, parfois classees dans la categorie des etoiles de herbig. Bien que les systemes presentent des ages proches (10 millions d'annees), les morphologies tres differentes des disques mettent en evidence la difficulte pour elaborer un scenario unique d'evolution des systemes protoplanetaires. L'anneau fin de poussieres autour de hr 4796 a, une etoile d'age similaire aux precedentes, est marginalement resolu depuis le sol. La modelisation complete de ce disque permet de reproduire l'ensemble des observations disponibles. Ces resultats impliquent la presence de planetesimaux, a un age aussi peu avance, pour repeupler le disque en poussieres poreuses et essentiellement amorphes qui sont soufflees par la pression de radiation. Une modelisation dynamique du prototypique disque autour de pictoris est proposee. Associee a une description realiste du comportement optique des grains, cette approche reproduit les caracteristiques generales du disque ainsi que des asymetries plus fines en supposant la presence d'une planete dans un disque de planetesimaux et en tenant compte des effets differentiels de la pression de radiation sur les grains. Enfin, le modele de disques que j'ai developpe est exploite dans le but d'optimiser l'utilisation des nouveaux instruments.
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Leite, José Roberto Bairão. "Oscilações inerciais sobre a plataforma continental Sudeste do Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/21/21135/tde-26112014-165554/.

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Variações temporais na tensão de cisalhamento do vento, na Plataforma Continental Sudeste do Brasil (PCSE), perturbam o equilíbrio geostrófico gerando movimentos com frequências próximas à inercial local. Estas perturbações se propagam horizontalmente e verticalmente, interagindo com o fluxo médio e alterando as características hidrográficas e hidrodinâmicas. Foram analisados dados observacionais de corrente, registrados por correntógrafos fundeados às isóbatas de 50 m e 100 m, ao largo de Arraial do Cabo (RJ) e Ubatuba (SP), de vento registrados por bóias meteorológicas e de salinidade e temperatura perfilados em função da profundidade em estações hidrográficas, obtidos no âmbito do Projeto DEPROAS (Dinâmica do Ecossistema de Plataforma da Região Oeste do Atlântico Sul), entre 2001 e 2002. Os resultados das análises indicaram que a média de duração dos eventos de oscilações inerciais é 7,5 dias com desvio padrão de 3,8 dias, sendo 6,8 o número médio de oscilações em cada evento (desvio padrão de 3,3 oscilações). O período inercial efetivo médio foi calculado em 26,5 h com deslocamento médio da frequência inercial em 12,2%, devido ao desvio Doppler causado pelas interações com a vorticidade relativa do fluxo básico. As correntes inerciais horizontais, filtradas a partir das séries correntográficas, apresentaram valores entre 3 e 10 cm/s. Foi observada propagação vertical das oscilações inerciais e calculado o valor da velocidade de grupo vertical em -2,59 .10-2 cm.s-1. A partir desse resultado, foi obtido o valor de 28,3 m de profundidade para o valor máximo de velocidade vertical das partículas de água na onda interna inercial forçada pela oscilação das isotermas, em acordo com resultados observados de máxima corrente inercial logo abaixo da camada de mistura. O valor calculado para a amplitude da oscilação vertical das isotermas foi 17,2 m, próximo aos 19 m registrado com os resultados observacionais em períodos de mudança do campo de ventos. O modelo numérico hidrodinâmico ROMS (Regional Ocean Modelling System) comprovou resultados observacionais em relação à capacidade de mudanças na tensão de cisalhamento do vento, em períodos menores que o inercial local, gerarem oscilações inerciais. Os resultados numéricos com o ROMS permitiram analisar a interação das oscilações inerciais com o fluxo médio em diferentes regiões da PCSE, através de diferentes condições de estratificação da coluna de água e, a partir da trajetória de pseudoderivadores, estimar os raios das trajetórias com ordem 10 km.
Temporal variations in the wind stress, on the South Brazil Bight, disturb the geostrophic equilibrium and generate motion with near inertial frequencies. The disturbances propagate horizontally and vertically, interacting with the basic motions and altering the hydrodynamics and hydrographic characteristics. Observational data of currents, collected by currentmeters deployed in the 50 m and 100 m isobaths, offshore Arraial do Cabo (RJ) and Ubatuba (SP), of winds collected in meteorological buoys and of salinity and temperature vertically profiled in hydrographic stations, during the project DEPROAS (Dinâmica do Ecossistema de Plataforma da Região Oeste do Atlântico Sul), in the years of 2001 and 2002, have been analyzed. Results showed that the mean duration of the inertial oscillations events is 7.5 days, with standard deviation of 3.8 days, being 6.8 the mean number of oscillations in each event (standard deviation of 3.3 oscillations). The calculated mean effective inertial period is 26.5 h, with a mean difference of the local inertial frequency of 12.2% due to the Doppler shift caused by interactions with the relative vorticity of the basic flow. The horizontal inertial currents, filtered from the current time series, presented values between 3 and 10 cm/s. Vertical propagation of the inertial oscillations were observed and the calculated value for the vertical group velocity was -2.59 . 10-2 cm/s. From these results, the calculated value for the depth of maximum water vertical velocity was 28.3 m for the internal inertial wave forced by the isotherms oscillations, in accordance with results observed of maximum vertical velocities occurring below the mixing layer. The calculated value for the amplitude of vertical oscillations of isotherms was 17.2 m, approximately equal to the 19 m observed in the data set during periods of wind shift. The numerical hydrodynamical model ROMS (Regional Ocean Modeling System) confirmed the observational results that changes in the wind field with periods smaller than the local inertial period generate inertial oscillations. The numerical results with ROMS allowed to analyze the interaction between the inertial oscillations and the basic flow in different regions of the South Brazil Bight, due to vertical different stratification characteristics of the sea water, and from the trajectories of pseudo-drifters it was possible to estimate the radius of the trajectories as having order of magnitude of 10 km.
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Itoh, Yuji. "Crustal Deformation Model of the Southern Kurile Subduction Zone Inferred from Geodetic Observation Data." Kyoto University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/253092.

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Mellier, Yannick. "Spectroscopie multiouverture appliquee aux amas de galaxies lointains : le systeme temps reel puma." Toulouse 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU30213.

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Description d'une camera ccd et d'un nouvel instrument de spectroscopie multiouverture en temps reel: le systeme puma. Application a l'observation spectroscopique de l'amas lointain abell 370 et de l'amas proche coma. On montre que le contenu galactique des amas lointains est sensiblement different de celui des amas proches et que des processus efficaces font evoluer leurs galaxies en quelques milliards d'annees. Un catalogue est etabli pour chacun des amas et une analyse dynamique de l'amas coma est traitee
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Abascal, Zorrilla Noélia. "Dynamics of the Amazon mud bank system through spatial observation and hydro-sedimentary modeling : application to he coastal domain of French Guiana." Thesis, Guyane, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019YANE0002.

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La côte de Guyane française se caractérise par la migration vers le nord-ouest de larges bancs de vase le long des côtes et par une concentration élevée de matières en suspension (MES) résultant de la forte influence des apports du fleuve Amazone. Les bancs de vase régissent la morphologie côtière régionale. Une meilleure compréhension de l’extension et de la dynamique des bancs est cruciale pour une gestion des écosystèmes et activités côtières à l'échelle de la région. Plusieurs études ont été effectuées sur la zone côtière de la Guyane française, fournissant des informations descriptives sur la morphologie et la vitesse de migration des bancs de vase. Cependant, la plupart des études ont porté sur la description des zones intertidales, alors que peu d’entre elles se sont concentrées sur la zone subtidale, qui pourtant, représente la partie la plus étendue des bancs de vase. L’objectif principal de cette thèse est d’adopter trois approches différentes telles que la télédétection haute résolution de la couleur de l’eau et les modèles numériques développés sur la base de mesures in-situ locales afin de mieux comprendre la morphologie de la partie subtidale et l’influence des forçages externes sur sa dynamique. Les précédentes approches sont complémentaires et forment un système de rétroaction interconnecté qui a permis la construction d’un modèle hydro-sédimentaire adapté à l’échelle de la région.L'exploitation optimale des informations fournies par les capteurs récents à haute résolution spatiale tels que Landsat 8-OLI est fortement conditionnée par la qualité du signal de réflectance marine. Ceci implique un développement méthodologique spécifique. L’un des problèmes majeurs en Guyane réside dans la capacité à corriger les données de réflectance marine de la contamination par la réflexion spéculaire du soleil. Ainsi, une méthode automatisée basée sur SWIR a été mise au point à l’aide d’une archive OLI de 4 ans réunie dans les eaux très turbides de la Guyane française. Des résultats satisfaisants basés sur les mesures in-situ de Rrs dans des zones affectées par le reflet du soleil mettent en évidence les performances pertinentes de la méthodologie proposée. La correction des reflets solaires a permis la récupération du signal de réflectance marine et l’estimation de la concentration des MES de surface estimée via le capteur OLI. Une méthode de détection de l'empreinte des bancs de vase a été développée via une approche basée sur les valeurs récurrentes de MES. Des bons résultats sont obtenus lors qu’on les compare à ceux obtenus via une localisation de la limite de l’amortissement de la houle sur les vases fluides subtidales associées aux bancs. Les taux de migration des bancs de vase en Guyane française ont été calculés en utilisant cette délimitation de la partie subtidale des bancs et ont montré des valeurs légèrement supérieures (2,31 km/an) à celles suggérées par des études antérieures
The coast of French Guiana is characterized by the northwestward migration of large mud banks alongshore and by high concentration of suspended particulate matter (SPM) resulting from the strong influence of the Amazon River outflow. Mud banks govern the regional coastal morphology. A better understanding of its extension and dynamics is crucial for the coastal ecosystems management and activities at a regional scale. Several studies have been performed over French Guiana coastal area providing descriptive information about mud-bank morphology and migration speed. However, most studies have centred on the description of intertidal areas, whereas only few have focused on the subtidal zone, the biggest part of mud banks. The overarching aim of this thesis it to adapt two different approaches, such as high resolution remote sensing data and numerical models developed based on in-situ local measurements, to gather better insights into the subtidal part morphology and the influence of external forcings on its dynamics. The latter approaches are complementary and formed an interlinked feedback system that allowed the construction of a hydro-sedimentary model regionally adapted.Optimal exploitation of the information provided by recent high spatial resolution sensors such as Landsat 8-OLI is strongly conditioned by the quality of the water reflectance signal retrieval. This implies specific methodological development. One main issue in French Guiana stands in the ability to correct marine reflectance data for sun glint contamination. Thus, an automated SWIR based method has been developed using a 4-year OLI archive gathered over the very turbid waters of French Guiana. Satisfying results based on in-situ Rrs measurements in sun glint affected areas emphasize the relevant performance of the proposed methodology. Sun glint correction allowed the recovery of the marine reflectance signal and the estimation of surface OLI SPM concentration. A method to estimate the location of mud banks footprint has been developed based on SPM recurring values. A good performance was observed when the results were compared to those obtained by locating the limit of wave damping over the fluid mud of the subtidal part of mud banks. Mud-bank migration rates in French Guiana were calculated according to the delimitation of the subtidal part, and showed slightly higher values (2.31 km/year) than suggested by earlier studies. After obtaining remote sensing data and in-situ measurements, a 2D locally adapted hydro-sedimentary model was constructed based on the information provided by the latter approaches. The model takes into account the combined action of tide, currents, river discharge, wind and waves. Besides, the model also considered hydro-sedimentary processes related to cohesive sediments. Its development has followed three different steps: i) development of the hydrodynamic model; ii) development of the hydro-sedimentary model without considering wave-mud interaction; iii) and incorporation of waves to the hydro-sedimentary model, and has been validated via in-situ measurements and remote sensing data. The influence of the external forcings has been analysed for the dry and the rainy season. Despite the assumptions of the model, it reproduces qualitatively SPM trends and patterns on the subtidal part of the mud bank and the orders of magnitude are comparable to those provided by field and remote sensing data. This PhD provides evidences of the interest of these approaches and the combination of them to obtain better results in such complicated study area. The results obtained may help to further advance the state of knowledge on mud-bank processes and its migration
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Fierens, Ruth. "Le système sédimentaire du Zambèze de l'Oligocène au Quaternaire (Canal du Mozambique, Océan Indien) : architecture, sédimentation et facteurs de contrôle Late Quaternary geomorphology and sedimentary processes in the Zambezi turbidite system (Mozambique Channel), in Geomorphology 334, June 2019 The influence of bottom currents on the Zambezi Valley morphology (Mozambique Channel, SW Indian Ocean): In situ current observations and hydrodynamic modelling, in Marine Geology 410, April 2019." Thesis, Brest, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BRES0032.

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Le système turbiditique du Zambèze (Canal du Mozambique, Océan Indien occidental) est l'un des plus grands systèmes turbiditiques au monde et reste encore mal compris. L'acquisition récente de données bathymétriques multifaisceaux à haute résolution, de données de sismique réflexion haute et très haute résolution et de données sédimentologiques a permis d'étudier l'évolution de l'architecture et l'organisation des dépôts depuis l'Oligocène afin de comprendre les principaux facteurs de forçage qui contrôlent la sédimentation en eau profonde dans le Canal du Mozambique. Le système turbiditique du Zambèze est composé de deux systèmes de dépôt adjacents : l'éventail du Zambèze ("Zambezi Fan") et un éventail semi-confiné ("ponded fan") dans un bassin intermédiaire face à l'embouchure du Zambèze. Les résultats et les interprétations indiquent : (1) un important contrôle tectonique depuis le Miocène responsable d'une sur-incision profonde de la vallée du Zambèze et de débordements limités des courants turbiditiques ; (2) une influence importante des courants de fond qui induisent la rareté des turbidites fines, l'érosion des flancs des vallées et l'apparition généralisée de "sediment waves" ; (3) une faible activité turbiditique au cours des 700 derniers kyr qui ne montre, en outre, aucune relation avec les changements du niveau de la mer, l'activité turbiditique s'observant indépendamment des périodes glaciaires et interglaciaires ; (4) des pics de flux terrigènes corrélés aux maxima d'ensoleillement estival local, indiquant que la mousson est le contrôle majeur des apports de sédiments vers le système de dépôt marin profond ; (5) une évolution "on-off" du l'éventail du Zambèze qui démontre un déplacement du dépocentre de la partie distale de l'éventail vers le bassin intermédiaire proximal. Ces résultats soulignent la grande complexité du système turbiditique du Zambèze en raison de l'impact de facteurs de contrôles multiples
The Zambezi turbidite system (Mozambique Channel, Western Indian Ocean) is one of the largest turbidite systems in the world and yet still remains poorly understood. Newly acquired high-resolution multibeam bathymetry, seismic reflection and sedimentological data allowed to investigate the architecture evolution and depositional patterns since the Oligocene in order to understand the main forcing factors that control the deep sea sedimentation in the Mozambique Channel. It was found that the Zambezi turbidite system is composed of two adjacent depositional systems: the channelized Zambezi Fan and a semiconfined fan in the lntermediate Basin. Moreover, results and interpretations indicate: (1) important tectonic control since the Miocene that caused deep incision of the Zambezi Valley and limited overflow of turbidite currents; (2) an important influence of bottom-currents that induces scarcity of fine-grained turbidites, valley flanks erosion and widespread occurrence of sediment waves; (3) low turbidite activity for the last 700 kyr that shows no relationship with sea-level changes as turbidite activity occurred irrespective of glacial or interglacial periods; (4) peaks in terrigenous flux with maxima in local summer insolation, reflecting that monsoon controls the sediment inputs towards the deep marine depositional system; (5) an on-off evolution of the Zambezi Fan that demonstrates a depocenter shift from the distal Zambezi Fan to the proximal Intermediate Basin. All our findings underline the high complexity in depositional environments of the Zambezi turbidite system
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Paubert, Gabriel. "Instrumentation pour le radiotélescope de 30 mètres de l'IRAM et observations d'atmosphères planétaires." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1992. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00688090.

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Les exigences en matière de stabilité et de linéarité des instruments utilisés en radioastronomie sont particulièrement sévères. Ce mémoire présente la conception et la réalisation d'un détecteur continuum adapté à ce cahier des charges. Une étude théorique démontre que le détecteur à diode Schottky ne répond pas à ces besoins. L'instrument finalement réalisé, construit à partir d'une diode tunnel, possède un bruit proche de la limite physique fondamentale. Il reste cependant très simple. Le chapitre suivant est consacré à l'étude et à la réalisation de l'électronique d'acquisition d'un spectrographe acousto-optique à large bande et à l'etude de ses caractéristiques dans des conditions d'utilisation réelles. Il inclut la description d'une méthode simple qui permet de s'affranchir des erreurs de linéarité différentielle du convertisseur analogique-numérique. La validation des caractéristiques du spectrographe s'appuie sur la comparaison avec deux batteries de filtres identiques. Sur le plan scientifique, il présente l'observation d'objets du système solaire entourés d'une atmosphère et l'interprétation des résultats dans le cas de Titan.
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Books on the topic "Ocean observational systems"

1

Sherlock, Ann R. A user's guide to the Littoral Environment Observation Retrieval System. [Vicksburg, Miss: U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, 1987.

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Bernstein, R. L. Large-scale sea surface temperature variability from satellite and shipboard measurements. [s.l.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1985.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Ocean and Coastal Observation Systems Act: Report of the Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation on S. 1400. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2003.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Ocean and Coastal Observation Systems Act: Report of the Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation on S. 1400. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2003.

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Ocean and Coastal Observation Systems Act: Report of the Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation on S. 1400. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2003.

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OOPC/AOPC Workshop on Global Sea Surface Temperature Data Sets (1998 Palisades, N.Y.). Report of the OOPC/AOPC Workshop on Global Sea Surface Temperature Data Sets: Palisades, N.Y., USA, 2-4 November 1998. Geneva, Switzerland: GCOS Secretariat, Global Climate Observing System, 1999.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science. Subcommittee on Environment, Technology, and Standards. Ocean exploration and coastal and ocean observing systems: Joint oversight hearing before the Subcommittee on Environment, Technology, and Standards, Subcommittee on Research, Committee on Science, and the Subcommittee on Fisheries Conservation, Wildlife, and Oceans, Committee on Resources, House of Representatives, One Hundred Seventh Congress, first session, July 12, 2001. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2001.

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Toshikazu, Suzuki, Fukuchi Mitsuo 1947-, and Kokuritsu Kyokuchi Kenkyūjo, eds. Chlorophyll a concentration measured with a continuous water monitoring system during the cruise to Syowa Station, Antarctica, JARE-27 (1985/86) to JARE-35 (1993/94). Tokyo, Japan: Center for Antarctic Environment Monitoring, National Institute of Polar Research, 1997.

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Hearing on ocean observing systems: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Fisheries Conservation, Wildlife, and Oceans of the Committee on Resources, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fifth Congress, second session, July 30, 1998, Washington, DC. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1998.

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Implementation of Global Ocean Observations for GOOS/GCOS (2nd 1998 Paris, France). Implementation of Global Ocean Observations for GOOS/GCOS: Second session, Paris, France, 30 November 1998. [Paris]: Unesco, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Ocean observational systems"

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Li, Longzhuang, Yonghuai Liu, Anil Kumar Nalluri, and Chunhui Jin. "Qualitative Spatial Representation and Reasoning for Data Integration of Ocean Observational Systems." In Advances in Data and Web Management, 416–28. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00672-2_37.

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Mccollom, Thomas M. "Observational, Experimental, and Theoretical Constraints on Carbon Cycling in Mid-Ocean Ridge Hydrothermal Systems." In Magma to Microbe: Modeling Hydrothermal Processes at Ocean Spreading Centers, 193–213. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/178gm10.

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Rudels, Bert. "High Latitude Ocean Convection." In Flow and Creep in the Solar System: Observations, Modeling and Theory, 323–56. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8206-3_20.

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Lau, William K. M., Duane E. Waliser, and Chidong Zhang. "Vertical structure from recent observations." In Intraseasonal Variability in the Atmosphere-Ocean Climate System, 537–48. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13914-7_16.

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Kanari, Sei-ichi, and Momoki Koga. "Surface Mixed Layer Observation Using a Meteo-Oceanographic Spar Buoy, XTGP and SEMVP System." In The Ocean Surface, 559–64. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-7717-5_75.

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Zhao, Yuxin, Yanlong Liu, Dengdui Du, Xiaohui Cheng, Haiyang Wang, and Xiong Deng. "Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning for Cooperative Observation Path Planning of Ocean Mobile Observation Network." In Proceedings of 2021 International Conference on Autonomous Unmanned Systems (ICAUS 2021), 2309–17. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9492-9_228.

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Condie, S. A., and P. B. Rhines. "Analogous Modes of Convection in the Atmosphere and Ocean." In Flow and Creep in the Solar System: Observations, Modeling and Theory, 357–70. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8206-3_21.

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Yan, Xing-kui, and Huan-Yu Zhao. "Research on Monitoring System of Ocean Observation Buoy Based on Multi-sensor." In Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 297–312. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94554-1_24.

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Mao, Rui, Cuicui Shi, Qi Zong, Xingya Feng, Yijie Sun, Yufei Wang, and Guohao Liang. "Mapping Wind Speed Changes." In Atlas of Global Change Risk of Population and Economic Systems, 67–83. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6691-9_4.

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AbstractWind variability has a major impact on water cycles, wind energy, and natural hazards and disasters such as hurricanes and typhoons. In the past decades, the global and regional mean near-surface wind speed (sfcWind) has shown a significantly downward trend, especially in the mid-latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere (Wu et al. 2018). The global mean terrestrial sfcWind has decreased linearly at a rate of 0.08 m s−1 per decade during 1981–2011. Vautard et al. (2010) analyzed changes in sfcWind at stations across the globe and found that 73% of the total stations presented a decrease in the annual mean sfcWind, with linear trends of −0.09, −0.16, −0.12, and −0.07 m s−1 per decade in Europe, Central Asia, East Asia, and North America, respectively. In addition, a pronounced reduction in extreme sfcWind has also been observed in Europe and the United States (Yan et al. 2002; Pryor et al. 2012). However, because long-term observational data are lacking in most land areas and oceans, the uncertainty in the long-term trend of sfcWind is high, particularly in the Southern Hemisphere and over oceans.
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Wilkin, John L., Weifeng G. Zhang, Bronwyn E. Cahill, and Robert C. Chant. "Integrating Coastal Models and Observations for Studies of Ocean Dynamics, Observing Systems and Forecasting." In Operational Oceanography in the 21st Century, 487–512. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0332-2_19.

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Conference papers on the topic "Ocean observational systems"

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Oke, Peter R., Peter R. Oke, Peter R. Oke, Peter R. Oke, Peter R. Oke, Peter R. Oke, Peter R. Oke, Peter R. Oke, Peter R. Oke, and Peter R. Oke. "Observational Requirements of GODAE Systems." In OceanObs'09: Sustained Ocean Observations and Information for Society. European Space Agency, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5270/oceanobs09.cwp.67.

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Dzvonkovskaya, Anna, Thomas Helzel, and Herman Peters. "Meteotsunami Observation by WERA Ocean Radar Systems at the Dutch Coast." In 2018 OCEANS - MTS/IEEE Kobe Techno-Ocean (OTO). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oceanskobe.2018.8559283.

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Masumoto, Y., Y. Masumoto, Y. Masumoto, Y. Masumoto, Y. Masumoto, Y. Masumoto, Y. Masumoto, et al. "Observing Systems in the Indian Ocean." In OceanObs'09: Sustained Ocean Observations and Information for Society. European Space Agency, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5270/oceanobs09.cwp.60.

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Mochizuki, Masashi, Akira Asada, Tamaki Ura, Masayuki Fujita, Mariko Sato, Yoshihiro Matsumoto, Oscar L. Colombo, Teruki Tanaka, Hong Zheng, and Kenji Nagahashi. "Fundamental Developments of New Generation Seafloor Geodetic Observation System Based on AUV Technology." In OCEANS 2008 - MTS/IEEE Kobe Techno-Ocean. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oceanskobe.2008.4530936.

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Rienecker, Michele M., Toshiyuki Awaji, Magdalena Balmaseda, Bernard Barnier, David Behringer, Mike Bell, Mark Bourassa, et al. "Synthesis and Assimilation Systems - Essential Adjuncts to the Global Ocean Observing System." In OceanObs'09: Sustained Ocean Observations and Information for Society. European Space Agency, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5270/oceanobs09.pp.31.

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Seim, Harvey E., Harvey E. Seim, Harvey E. Seim, Harvey E. Seim, and Harvey E. Seim. "Development of Delivery of Services from Ocean Observing Systems - An Opportunity to Promote Common Approaches for a Global Ocean Observing System." In OceanObs'09: Sustained Ocean Observations and Information for Society. European Space Agency, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5270/oceanobs09.cwp.77.

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Adornato, Lori, Lori Adornato, Lori Adornato, Lori Adornato, Lori Adornato, Lori Adornato, Lori Adornato, Lori Adornato, Lori Adornato, and Lori Adornato. "In Situ Nutrient Sensors for Ocean Observing Systems." In OceanObs'09: Sustained Ocean Observations and Information for Society. European Space Agency, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5270/oceanobs09.cwp.01.

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Boehme, Lars, Lars Boehme, Lars Boehme, Lars Boehme, Lars Boehme, Lars Boehme, Lars Boehme, et al. "Biologging in the Global Ocean Observing System." In OceanObs'09: Sustained Ocean Observations and Information for Society. European Space Agency, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5270/oceanobs09.cwp.06.

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Roemmich, Dean, Lars Boehme, Hervé Claustre, Howard Freeland, Masao Fukasawa, Gustavo Goni, W. John Gould, et al. "Integrating the Ocean Observing System: Mobile Platforms." In OceanObs'09: Sustained Ocean Observations and Information for Society. European Space Agency, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5270/oceanobs09.pp.33.

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Byrne, Robert H., Robert H. Byrne, Robert H. Byrne, Robert H. Byrne, Robert H. Byrne, Robert H. Byrne, Robert H. Byrne, Robert H. Byrne, and Robert H. Byrne. "Sensors and Systems for In Situ Observations of Marine Carbon Dioxide System Variables." In OceanObs'09: Sustained Ocean Observations and Information for Society. European Space Agency, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5270/oceanobs09.cwp.13.

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Reports on the topic "Ocean observational systems"

1

Rubio, Anna, Emma Reyes, Carlo Mantovani, Lorenzo Corgnati, Pablo Lorente, Lohitzune Solabarrieta, Julien Mader, et al. European High Frequency Radar network governance. EuroSea, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d3.4.

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This report describes the governance of the European HF radar network including: the landscape of the Ocean observation networks and infrastructures, the role and links between operators of observational systems and stakeholders, the role and activities of the EuroGOOS HF radar Task Team in building a sound community strategy, the roadmap of the community with current achievements and future work lines.
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Ratnarajah, Lavenia, Emma Hesplop, Inga Lips, Pauline Simpson, Lina M. Nordlund, Richard Unsworth, Isabel Sousa-Pinto, and Lisandro Benedetti-Cecchi. Report on the European BioEco observing system. EuroSea, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d1.4.

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This deliverable provides (1) updates to D1.2 ‘Map the current state of biological observations in Europe’, (2) a report on the two workshops and global review undertaken to progress capacity and coordination of ocean observation, and (3) outlines key steps forward that will improve our capacity to predict biological and ecosystem changes under a changing climate.
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Barbie, Alexander. ARCHES Digital Twin Framework. GEOMAR, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/sw_arches_core_1.0.0.

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In the Helmholtz Future Project ARCHES (Autonomous Robotic Networks to Help Modern Societies) with a consortium of partners from AWI (Alfred- Wegener-Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research), DLR (German Aerospace Center), KIT (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology), and the GEOMAR (Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel), several Digital Twins of ocean observation systems were developed by the GEOMAR and AWI. The ARCHES Digital Twin Framework is one of the results of this project. The software is based on the Robot Operating System (ROS) and is written in Python.
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Remy, Elisabeth, Florent Gasparin, Alexandre Mignot, and Romain Escudier. Design of experiments. EuroSea, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d4.1.

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Palacz, Artur, Maciej Telszewski, Toste Tanhua, and Emma Heslop. Marine Plastics EOV and common sampling protocol. EuroSea, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d1.5.

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This deliverable describes the process of establishing global coordination for sustained observations of marine plastics litter as a new type of Essential Ocean Variable (EOV) addressing the aspect of observing human impacts on the ocean. The document reports on the EuroSea efforts to implement a community vision for an Integrated Marine Debris Observing System (IMDOS) as a new element of the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS). First version of the Marine Plastics Litter EOV Specification Sheet is included. Progress towards establishing common sampling protocols for marine plastic litter in Europe and beyond are described.
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Whoriskey, Frederick, Kathryn Morton, Lenore Bajona, Beck Matthew, Richard Dewey, Eric Guillemot, Jessica Hurtubise, et al. Canadian Integrated Ocean Observing System Investigative Evaluations: Observations and Data. Dalhousie University, November 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.15273/10222/74923.

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Neeley, Aimee, Stace E. Beaulieu, Chris Proctor, Ivona Cetinić, Joe Futrelle, Inia Soto Ramos, Heidi M. Sosik, et al. Standards and practices for reporting plankton and other particle observations from images. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1575/1912/27377.

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This technical manual guides the user through the process of creating a data table for the submission of taxonomic and morphological information for plankton and other particles from images to a repository. Guidance is provided to produce documentation that should accompany the submission of plankton and other particle data to a repository, describes data collection and processing techniques, and outlines the creation of a data file. Field names include scientificName that represents the lowest level taxonomic classification (e.g., genus if not certain of species, family if not certain of genus) and scientificNameID, the unique identifier from a reference database such as the World Register of Marine Species or AlgaeBase. The data table described here includes the field names associatedMedia, scientificName/ scientificNameID for both automated and manual identification, biovolume, area_cross_section, length_representation and width_representation. Additional steps that instruct the user on how to format their data for a submission to the Ocean Biodiversity Information System (OBIS) are also included. Examples of documentation and data files are provided for the user to follow. The documentation requirements and data table format are approved by both NASA’s SeaWiFS Bio-optical Archive and Storage System (SeaBASS) and the National Science Foundation’s Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO).
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8

Plueddemann, Albert, Benjamin Pietro, and Emerson Hasbrouck. The Northwest Tropical Atlantic Station (NTAS): NTAS-19 Mooring Turnaround Cruise Report Cruise On Board RV Ronald H. Brown October 14 - November 1, 2020. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1575/1912/27012.

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The Northwest Tropical Atlantic Station (NTAS) was established to address the need for accurate air-sea flux estimates and upper ocean measurements in a region with strong sea surface temperature anomalies and the likelihood of significant local air–sea interaction on interannual to decadal timescales. The approach is to maintain a surface mooring outfitted for meteorological and oceanographic measurements at a site near 15°N, 51°W by successive mooring turnarounds. These observations will be used to investigate air–sea interaction processes related to climate variability. This report documents recovery of the NTAS-18 mooring and deployment of the NTAS-19 mooring at the same site. Both moorings used Surlyn foam buoys as the surface element. These buoys were outfitted with two Air–Sea Interaction Meteorology (ASIMET) systems. Each system measures, records, and transmits via Argos satellite the surface meteorological variables necessary to compute air–sea fluxes of heat, moisture and momentum. The upper 160 m of the mooring line were outfitted with oceanographic sensors for the measurement of temperature, salinity and velocity. Deep ocean temperature and salinity are measured at approximately 38 m above the bottom. The mooring turnaround was done on the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Ship Ronald H. Brown, Cruise RB-20-06, by the Upper Ocean Processes Group of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. The cruise took place between 14 October and 1 November 2020. The NTAS-19 mooring was deployed on 22 October, with an anchor position of about 14° 49.48° N, 51° 00.96° W in 4985 m of water. A 31-hour intercomparison period followed, during which satellite telemetry data from the NTAS-19 buoy and the ship’s meteorological sensors were monitored. The NTAS-18 buoy, which had gone adrift on 28 April 2020, was recovered on 20 October near 13° 41.96° N, 58° 38.67° W. This report describes these operations, as well as other work done on the cruise and some of the pre-cruise buoy preparations.
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9

Iselin, Columbus O'Donnell. Summary of bathythermograph observations from the western North Atlantic : October 1940 - December 1941. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1575/1912/29563.

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The range of submarine detection is frequently limited by the refraction produced by vertical temperature gradients in the superficial layers of the ocean. In order to measure these temperature gradients and thus to permit predictions of the range, the bathythermograph was developed and is now being used on a considerable number of anti-submarine vessels, while a somewhat modified version of the instrument is being tried out on submarines. Some 6675 bathythermograph observations from the western North Atlantic have been examined in order to determine how frequently such observations should be made so that within practical limits and anti-submarine vessel may at all times know the assured range of its sound gear. The occurrence of the four basic types of refraction patterns is shown by a series of six charts. For all but one of these patterns the range can be rather quickly and easily estimated from simple tables; but when the so-called afternoon effect is encountered, which is on the average about 20% of the time, a more complete analysis is necessary. It is found that under the most unfavorable circumstances, that is, in mid-summer and near the edges of a strong current system, there is about one chance in three that the refraction pattern will chance significantly in a distance of four miles. At other times of year and in areas where horizontal variations in temperature are less pronounced a single bathythermograph observation can be considered representative of a much larger area. It is also shown that in the western North Atlantic about 92% of the time in summer and about 34% of the time in winter the assured range of submarine detection is limited by refraction to less than 2500 yards.
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10

Centurioni, Luca, and Pearn P. Niiler. Real-Time Drifter and ADCP V(z) Observations of Kuroshio Intrusions on East China Sea Shelf and a New Littoral Ocean Observing System. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada533498.

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