Academic literature on the topic 'Océan Indian Ouest'
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Journal articles on the topic "Océan Indian Ouest"
Kohli, S. N. "Indian Ocean: An Area of Tension and Big Power Pressures." India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs 42, no. 2 (January 1986): 154–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097492848604200204.
Full textGendron-Badou, Aïcha, Jean-Jacques Pichon, and François Fröhlich. "Enregistrements sédimentologiques des changements climatiques et océanographiques au nord-ouest de Kerguelen (océan Indien sud) pendant les dernières 620 000 années." Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IIA - Earth and Planetary Science 325, no. 5 (September 1997): 343–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1251-8050(97)81382-1.
Full textWillner, Arne P., Axel Gerdes, Hans-Joachim Massonne, Cees R. Van Staal, and Alexandre Zagorevski. "Crustal Evolution of the Northeast Laurentian Margin and the Peri-Gondwanan Microcontinent Ganderia Prior to and During Closure of the Iapetus Ocean: Detrital Zircon U–Pb and Hf Isotope Evidence from Newfoundland." Geoscience Canada 41, no. 3 (August 29, 2014): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.12789/geocanj.2014.41.046.
Full textPOUPIN, Joseph, Gabriel BARATHIEU, Olivier KONIECZNY, and Thierry MULOCHAU. "Crustacés (Decapoda, Stomatopoda) dans la zone mésophotique corallienne de Mayotte (Sud-Ouest Océan Indien)." Naturae, no. 8 (May 11, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/naturae2022a8.
Full textArmelle, Klein, and Frédéric Sandron. "Vieillissement de la population et politiques publiques réunionnaises à l’échelle infra-territoriale." Revue Quetelet/Quetelet Journal 5, no. 1 (April 1, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.14428/rqj2017.05.01.04.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Océan Indian Ouest"
Annasawmy, Pavanee. "Patterns among micronekton communities in relation to the environmental conditions at two shalow seamounts in the south-western Indian Ocean." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTG087.
Full textSeamounts are ubiquitous topographic features across all ocean basins. They rise steeply through the water column from abyssal depths. Depending on their size, shape and summit depths, seamounts reportedly have an impact on the physical flow regimes which may promote the aggregation of zooplankton, micronekton, and top predators above or in the immediate vicinity of their summits. Micronekton form a key trophic link between zooplankton and top marine predators and are divided into four broad categories: gelatinous plankton, crustaceans, cephalopods and mesopelagic fishes. The vertical and horizontal distributions, assemblages and trophic relationships of micronekton were investigated at two shallow seamounts of the south-western Indian Ocean. La Pérouse seamount is a steep bathymetric feature rising from a deep seabed located at 5000 m and with a summit depth at ~ 60 m below the sea surface. The seamount is located at the north-western periphery of the oligotrophic Indian South Subtropical Gyre province. MAD-Ridge seamount (“thus called in this study”), is ~ 240 m below the sea surface rising from a base located at ~2400 m. The seamount is located within an “eddy corridor” to the south of Madagascar within the productive East African Coastal Province. Chapter 4 investigates the influence of mesoscale eddies, Madagascar shelf and shallow seamounts on the distribution of micronekton using an acoustic approach. It is demonstrated that mesoscale eddies and the continental shelf may show enhanced acoustic densities of micronekton compared to MAD-Ridge seamount. The micronekton acoustic densities were also greater at MAD-Ridge compared to La Pérouse, in accordance with the difference in productivity between the two sites. Chapter 5 is dedicated to the micronekton assemblages and diel migration patterns of micronekton communities. It is shown that, while the shallow scattering layer (0-200 m) consisted of oceanic micronekton species; the summits and flanks of La Pérouse and MAD-Ridge showed presence of resident or seamount-associated species both during the day and night. I also discussed the different migration strategies of micronekton. Chapter 6 investigates the stable isotope patterns of mesopelagic communities at La Pérouse and MAD-Ridge. Despite the differing productivity at La Pérouse and MAD-Ridge, gelatinous organisms, crustaceans, smaller-sized squids and mesopelagic fishes exhibited trophic levels ranging from 2 to 4 at both seamounts. This thesis highlights important knowledge gaps on seamount ecosystems and ecological patterns associated to shallow seamounts. It also underlines the importance of studying seamount ecosystems of the south-western Indian Ocean in order to promote management and conservation measures for a sustainable use of such specific environments
Behagle, Nolwenn. "Structuration acoustique du micronecton de l'écosystème océanique du sud-ouest de l'océan Indien." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LAROS039/document.
Full textTo understand the functioning of an ecosystem, it is essential to understand the organization of its associated food web. While the distribution of primary production and top predators in the Southwest Indian Ocean's oceanic waters (10-60 ° S, 35-90 ° E) are well known, a lack of knowledge remains regarding the distribution of mid-trophic level organisms, despite their ecological (biological pump and key trophic role) and potentially economic (commercial fisheries in the near future) importance. To fill this gap, this work focused on the horizontal and vertical distribution and composition of micronektonic communities in this region. Micronekton comprises relatively small organisms (1 to 20 cm long) able to swim freely without being unduly affected by currents. Micronekton distributions have been studied at meso- and large-scale using acoustic recordings (38 kHz). A vertical structure in three layers has been identified ; the intensity and thickness of these layers vary depending on the considered time period (diel migration) and ocean conditions (meso-scale oceanic eddies and large-scale oceanic fronts). Horizontaly, the Southwestern Indian Ocean harbours the richest waters (10-800 m) in subtropical latitudes in summer and winter times. Since every organism has its own ecological characteristics, it was important to separatly describe the distribution of biological groups composing micronekton. A bi-frequency acoustic approach (38 and 120 kHz) allowed the distinction of micronektonic crustaceans from small mesopelagic gas-filled swimbladder fish in waters east of Kerguelen where micronektonic crustaceans where dominant in terms of overall acoustic density. Two distinct types of vertical structure were highlighted : an aggregative and a layer structure. Micronektonic crustaceans were characterized by layering, day and night, while other organisms (gas-filled swimbladder fish in particular) exhibited structure mixing aggregates and layers during the day, but only composed of layers during the night. In summary, the acoustic approach used in this work helped to describe the distribution and composition of micronektonic organisms and provides an essential knowledge base on the micronekton of the southwest Indian Ocean
Jouval, Florian. "Successions écologiques et potentiel de récupération des communautés coralliennes : structure, démographie et recrutement dans le sud-ouest de l'océan Indien." Thesis, La Réunion, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LARE0019.
Full textCoral reefs support millions of people’s livelihood around the world. However, the effects of climate change and the increase in frequency and intensity of disturbances are leading to their accelerated degradation and to the decline of scleractinian coral communities. Current concerns relate to the resilience of these vulnerable ecosystems. In this context, it is essential to improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying maintenance of coral communities, which may also improve conservation and management efforts that are urgently needed for these ecosystems. This PhD work aims to analyze demographic processes, including recruitment, and the structure of coral assemblages at several scales in different island environments of the southwestern Indian Ocean region. These descriptors were addressed through ecological succession on reefs and underwater lava flows of Reunion Island, and through the assessment of the reef recovery potential of five island systems in the area. Results show that coral recruitment in the Mascarene Islands (Reunion and Rodrigues) is low and highly variable at all spatial scales, from a few centimeters to several hundreds of kilometers. This spatial variability is also observed between sites in terms of benthic cover, density, size structure, mortality and recovery potential of coral communities. However, this spatial variability is not clearly linked to the protection levels of the sites, nor to the theoretical patterns of ecological succession (studied in Reunion Island). A succession pattern is yet highlighted through the increase in coral size and species richness over time until interspecific interactions (e.g. competition for space) lead to their decline. In addition, a strong dominance of the Pocillopora genus is recorded at all lava flow sites, confirming its pioneering and competitive nature. The recovery index (RI) that we developed suggests that the recovery potential of the reefs of the Mozambique Channel is higher (especially for Europa) than that of the reefs of the Mascarene Islands, which are more subject to direct anthropogenic pressures. These results are consistent with past observations of recovery trajectories of the studied reefs following various disturbances. The addition of recruitment rates to the calculation of RI for Reunion and Rodrigues islands clearly modifies the recovery potential of these islands sites: the sites with the highest recruitment rates are also those with the highest RI. This project thus provides essential information on Indian Ocean reef communities that may improve management strategies for coral reef conservation
Gay, Noellie. "Homme, animal, environnement : quel est le principal réservoir d’Entérobactéries productrices de bêta-lactamases à spectre étendu dans le Sud-Ouest de l’océan Indien ?" Thesis, La Réunion, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LARE0024.
Full textBacterial antibiotic drug resistance is a worldwide health issue affecting human, animal, and agriculture. Extended-spectrum bêta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E), mutidrug-resistant bacteria, are a main health priority for the South-western Indian Ocean (SWIO) composed of islands (i.e. Madagascar, Maurice, Mayotte, Les Seychelles, l’Union des Comores et La Réunion). The main objective of this PhD thesis was estimating the ESBL-E prevalence in the three « One Heath approach » compartments (human, animal, environment) in order to identify the main ESBL-E reservoir in IO. This prevalence was independently estimated for each compartment by a sectorial approach and by a holistic approach connecting all compartments spatially and temporally.Both approaches suggest that livestock could be the main ESBL-E reservoir in IO and point out permeability between these three compartments in Madagascar. If the idea of a main reservoir of ESBL-E in livestock seems plausible, its contribution to human colonisation could differ between SWIO territories. Indeed, human direct and/or undirect exposure to this reservoir could be reduced in high-income countries (i.e. Seychelles, La Réunion) but significant for low-income countries (i.e. Madagascar, Union des Comores). In the absence, or reduced application, of food safety, sanitation, and drinking water access, the exposure to ESBL-E from livestock could be substantial in SWIO low-income countries. Consequently, the relative contribution of livestock in human ESBL-E subsequent colonisation could be significant in low-income countries but currently understudied. Research on that topic should strengthen antibiotic drug resistance control measures in low sanitation contexts
Mathelin, Eric. "Les lacs insulaires du sud-ouest de l'océan indien, un enjeu pour la gestion durable de la ressource en eau." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01015792.
Full textBovalo, Christophe. "Activité électrique et variations d’intensité des systèmes convectifs tropicaux dans le sud-ouest de l’océan Indien : observations et modélisation." Thesis, La Réunion, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LARE0001/document.
Full textTropical cyclone track forecast has improved over the past two decades but little improvement have been done in intensity changes forecast. This thesis focuses on the intensity changes of tropical cyclones in the southwest Indian ocean through the original aspect of lightning activity. A climatology of lightning activity in the southwest Indian ocean using data from the World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN) is first proposed. Results showed that the WWLLN was able to locate and capture the lightning activity in the basin and that tropical cyclones can be considered as a major source of lightning flashes in some oceanic parts of this region. From this result, study of lightning activity in tropical cyclones of the southwest Indian ocean has been done considering the basin configuration. Thus, three regions were defined: open ocean, region near the eastern coast of Madagascar and the Mozambique Channel. The location and intensity of lightning activity depend on the region and the intensity stage. Lightning flashes seem to be a proxy of intensification or weakening under some conditions. The third step of this thesis was to simulate in an idealized framework a mature tropical cyclone. The model was first able to reproduce the sporadic behavior of lightning activity as observed. Budgets have shown that the presence of three distinctive phases characterized by different dynamical, microphysical and electrical behaviors. Finally, another purely numerical work tried to identify some proxies of lightning activity according two approaches : a global analysis anda per-cell analysis. In both cases, the best proxies are the total graupel mass, the updraft volume and the product of precipitating and non-precipitating ice mass fluxes
Alaguarda, Diego. "Effects of global changes on microbioeroding communities living in massive corals from the Western Indian Ocean over long term." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS237.
Full textCoral reefs are increasingly threatened by global changes as they affect both accretion and erosion processes. Among these processes, reef bioerosion is a major natural process of degradation resulting from the action of various organisms on and in carbonate substrates. Recently, a particular attention has been given to the roles played by bioeroding (or perforating) microflora, which include cyanobacteria, microalgae, and fungi, in the functioning of coral reefs, especially in the carbonate budget, because of their important role in the dissolution of dead carbonates over short term (day, month, year). The thesis's main objective was thus to study the effects of global change factors such as ocean warming and acidification, on the composition, distribution, and abundance of reef microbioeroding communities over long term. Since long-term experiments with dead corals are difficult to carry out, several coral cores from two slow-growing massive coral genera (Diploastrea sp. and Porites sp.) were collected along the Mozambique Channel, particularly in Mayotte. Those cores covered the last decades (30 to 50 years). Such massive corals are known to be natural geological archives largely colonized by microbioeroding communities which leave traces while dissolving CaCO3. To study the dynamics of microbioeroding communities in the two targeted coral genera, two innovative methods were developed: a machine learning approach to quickly and accurately analyze thousands of Scanning Electron Microscope pictures of microbioeroding traces along three vertical transects parallel to the main coral growth axis, and a lipid biomarkers approach along a coral core of Diploastrea sp.. The machine learning method based on a CNN model was first developed on the coral Diploastrea sp. with an accuracy of 93%. It was then adapted to Porites sp. by modifying a hyperparameter (95% accuracy). The geochemical approach tried identifying specific lipid markers of the boring microalga Ostreobium sp. and the coral Diploastrea sp. during the last decades. The results showed that the abundance of microbioeroding traces is 3 to 4 times higher in the coral Diploastrea sp. than in Porites sp and has decreased in both coral genera over the last decades. In Diploastrea sp., the decrease was 90% over the last 54 years and was coupled with a very important change in community composition between 1985-1986. The density (bulk) of Diploastrea sp. has also dropped significantly over the last 5 decades. Logistic regressions showed that temperature, wind speed, and internal pH of the coral, more or less coupled, are correlated to the abundance of microbioeroding traces. The geochemical approach also highlighted a significant decrease of a lipid biomarker group, the amides, over the last decades. Although it is difficult to attribute amides to a specific taxon or species in the coral skeleton, I hypothesize that they could potentially reflect the presence of microbioeroding communities. To confirm or refute the observed trends, there is a need to study more coral cores, from different areas, and over a longer period. In addition, other factors should be studied to understand better the decrease in the abundance of microbioeroding communities and its implication in coral health and resilience, such as trace metals and other variables of the carbonate system
Ballorain, Katia. "Écologie trophique de la tortue verte Chelonia mydas dans les herbiers marins et algueraies du sud-ouest de l'océan Indien." Phd thesis, Université de la Réunion, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00576264.
Full textPauly, Martial. "Acoua, archéologie d’une communauté villageoise de Mayotte (archipel des Comores) : peuplement, islamisation et commerce océanique dans le sud-ouest de l’océan Indien (XIIe-XVIe siècles)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCF035/document.
Full textThrough this monograph of Acoua’s archaeological sites - a Kibushi kimaore speaking village located in the northwest of Grande Terre - this research proposes to study the XIIth-XVIth centuries period, in Mayotte. This period is characterized by important cultural, religious and political changes leading to the gradual establishment of a stratified and Islamized society. It will be question here, through the themes explored by our archaeological study (funerary practices, evolutions of material culture, integration in the Indian Ocean trading networks), to determine the cultural affiliations and processes that have contributed to shaping Mayotte’s ancient society, an island whose complex settlement, characteristic of cultures known as "fringes" - according to the expression popularized in this part of the world by Ottino - is located at the meeting of meany great cultural areas: African Bantou world, Malagasy world and Arab-Persian world, hoisting this island of the Comorian archipelago to the rank of true cultural, commercial and migratory interface between Africa and Madagascar : a "hub and microcosm of the Indian Ocean", to use the expression of Claude Allibert
Ali, Ibrahim. "Esclaves, engagés et travailleurs libres à la Grande Comore et au Mozambique pendant le sultanat de Saïd Ali ben Saïd Omar (1883-1910)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040028.
Full textThis Thesis studies the slaves trade starting from East Africa to Comoros where foreign growers came to buy them as free Endentured servant. The Sultanat of Saïd Ali born in 1883 benefited of French protection in 1886. Even thought this protectorate, the slavery is abolished in 1904. To maintain the colonialworkforce, The Protecting State has delayed this abolition. In front of theses hesitations, the Sultan is attached to Madagascar in 1908, the sultan abdicated in 1910, before that the Great Comoro become a French colony in 1912
Books on the topic "Océan Indian Ouest"
Documentation, Research and Training Centre on Indian Ocean Issues. and Issue Based Indian Ocean Network., eds. Répertoire, institutions/organisations et des personnes physiques des îles du sud ouest de l'océan Indien et des pays/régions francophones de l'océan Indien = Directory, institutions/organisations & individuals in the South West Indian Ocean Islands and other French speaking countries/areas bordering the Indian Ocean. Rose Hill, Ile Maurice: Centre de documentation, de recherches et de formation indianocéaniques, 1988.
Find full textFood and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. South West Indian Ocean Fisheries Commission Session. Report of the second session of the South West Indian Ocean Fisheries Commission: Maputo, Mozambique, 22-25 August 2006 = Rapport de la deuxième session de la Commission des Pêches pour le Sud-Ouest de l'Océan Indien : Maputo, Mozambique, 22-25 août 2006. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Subregional Office for Southern Africa, 2007.
Find full textSouth West Indian Ocean Fisheries Commission. Report of the first session of the South West Indian Ocean Fisheries Commission, Mombasa, Kenya, 18-20 April 2005 =: Rapport de la première session de la Commission des pêches pour le sud-ouest de l'océan indien, Mombasa, Kenya, 18-20 avril 2005. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Subregional Office for Southern and Eastern Africa, 2006.
Find full textIntergovernmental, Consultation on the Establishment of a. Southwest Indian Ocean Fisheries Commission (3rd 2004 Nairobi Kenya). Report of the third Intergovernmental consultation on the establishment of a Southwest Indian ocean fisheries commission, Nairobi, Kenya, 27-30 January 2004 =: Rapport de la troisième consultation intergouvernementale sur la création d'une commission des pêches pour le sud-ouest de l'Océan Indien, Nairobi, Kenya, 27-30 January 2004. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Subregional Office for Southern and East Africa, 2004.
Find full textIntergovernmental, Consultation on the Establishment of a. Southwest Indian Ocean Fisheries Commission (4th 2004 Mahé Seychelles). Report of the Fourth Intergovernmental Consultation on the Establishment of a Southwest Indian Ocean Fisheries Commission, Mahe, Seychelles, 13-16 July 2004 =: Rapport de la quatrième consultation intergouvernementale sur la création d'une commission des pêches pour le sud-ouest de l'Océan Indien, Mahé, Seychelles, 13-16 juillet 2004. Harare: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Subregional Office for Southern and East Africa, 2005.
Find full textFood and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Southwest Indian Ocean Committee. Report of the second ad hoc technical meeting on the Future of the Southwest Indian Ocean Committee, Antananarivo, Madagascar, 11-12 July 2000 =: Rapport de la deuxième réunion technique ad hoc sur l'avenir du Comité des pêches du sud-ouest de l'Océan Indien, Antananarivo, Madagascar, 11-12 juillet 2000. Harare: Subregional Office for Southern and East Africa, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2000.
Find full textIntergovernmental Consultation on the Establishment of a Southwest Indian Ocean Fisheries Commission. Report of the Intergovernmental Consultation on the Establishement of a Southwest Indian Ocean Fisheries Commission, Saint-Denis, Réunion, 6-9 February 2001 =: Rapport de la Consultation intergouvernementale sur la création d'une commission des pêches pour le sud-ouest de l'Océan Indien, Saint-Denis, La Réunion, 6-9 février 2001. Rome: Subregional Office for Southern and East Africa, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2001.
Find full textIntergovernmental Consultation on the Establishment of a Southwest Indian Ocean Fisheries Commission. Report of the second Intergovernmental Consultation on the Establishment of a Southwest Indian Ocean Fisheries Commission, Antananarivo, Madagascar, 25-28 September 2001 =: Rapport de la deuxième Consultation intergouvernementale sur la création d'une commission des pêches pour le sud-ouest de l'Océan Indien, Antananarivo, Madagascar, 25-28 septembre 2001. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Subregional Office for Southern and East Africa, 2002.
Find full textIndian Ocean Fishery Commission. Committee for the Development and Management of Fisheries in the Southwest Indian Ocean. Report of the sixth session of the Committee for the Development and Management of the Fisheries in the Southwest Indian Ocean: Antananarivo, Madagascar, 12-16 November 1991 = Rapport de la sixième session du Comité pour le Développement et l'Aménagement des Pêches dans le Sud-Ouest de l'Océan Indien. : Antananarivo, Madagascar, 12-16 novembre 1990. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1991.
Find full textGens de mer: Partenaires responsables de la creation : apostolatus maris : 5eme Conference regionale, Sud-Ouest ocean Indien, 22-27 avril 1996, Mahajanga--Madagascar (Zo aman-Kasina). Foi et justice, 1996.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Océan Indian Ouest"
Magdelaine-Andrianjafitrimo, Valérie. "Is « The Unity […] submarine » ? Hommes et femmes à la mer dans quelques textes des îles du sud-ouest de l’océan Indien." In Borders and Ecotones in the Indian Ocean, 71–90. Presses universitaires de la Méditerranée, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.pulm.6767.
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