Journal articles: 'Ocean engineering'

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McNutt, Marcia K., and Karl S. Pister. "Engineering the Ocean." Bulletin of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 55, no. 3 (2002): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3824211.

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Ogilvie, T. Francis. "Ocean Engineering Education in the ‘90s." Marine Technology and SNAME News 30, no. 02 (April 1, 1993): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.1993.30.2.79.

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Engineering education at the bachelor's-and master's-degree levels is intended primarily to provide young people with the basic preparation for lifelong careers in the practice of engineering. Thus, in developing such programs, one must anticipate the demands that will be made of engineers over a period of several decades. In ocean engineering, this means that we must try to predict the kinds of ocean systems that will be required by society far in the future and then define the appropriate disciplines in which ocean engineers must be well-grounded. Accordingly, the focus of this paper is on the future of ocean engineering in the next century and on the basic knowledge that present-day students will need to succeed in that environment. Our ultimate objective is to enable mankind to build and operate systems in as well as on the oceans. Since underwater systems in the foreseeable future will depend on support from the surface, we must continue to develop the capability to operate in the hostile environment of the ocean surface. But we must also face the unique difficulties inherent in deepwater operations, including, for example, (i) our inability to communicate through the water, (ii) the lack of operational energy sources, (iii) high pressure, (iv) corrosive medium, (v) short lives of functional installations (especially moored systems), and (vi) problems of designing instruments and systems for monitoring both ocean operations and the environment itself. The hostility of the ocean environment will require that many operations be performed without human beings on site, thus creating the need for remotely controlled and autonomous systems. Such challenges are discussed in the paper, and the relevant fundamental disciplines are defined.

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Bot, Dr Patrick, Richard G. J. Flay, and Fabio Fossati. "Ocean engineering special issue: Yacht engineering." Ocean Engineering 90 (November 2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2014.09.025.

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Whittaker, T. J. T. "Waves in ocean engineering." Engineering Structures 14, no. 5 (November 1992): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0141-0296(92)90048-u.

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Sullivan, Deidre, Tom Murphree, Bruce Ford, and Jill Zande. "OceanCareers.com: Navigating Your Way to a Better Future." Marine Technology Society Journal 39, no. 4 (December 1, 2005): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/002533205787465995.

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The ocean attracts and inspires thousands of students every year to pursue degrees in science, engineering, and technology. Yet, in spite of all the attention paid to the oceans, students often lack the information needed to make wise decisions about choosing an ocean-related career. The Center for Ocean Science Education Excellence ? California (COSEE California) and the Marine Advanced Technology Education (MATE) Center have responded to this problem by developing a user-friendly interactive Web site on ocean careers (www.OceanCareers.com).

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Yan, Jun, Wanhai Xu, Zhiqiang Hu, and Min Lou. "Theory, Method and Engineering Application of Computational Mechanics in Offshore Structures." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, no. 6 (May 23, 2023): 1105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11061105.

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Chave, Alan D., Gary Waterworth, Andrew R. Maffei, and Gene Massion. "Cabled Ocean Observatory Systems." Marine Technology Society Journal 38, no. 2 (June 1, 2004): 30–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/002533204787522785.

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Future studies of episodic processes in the ocean and earth will require new tools to complement traditional, ship-based, expeditionary science. This will be enabled through the construction of innovative facilities called ocean observatories which provide unprecedented amounts of power and two-way bandwidth to access and control instrument networks in the oceans. The most capable ocean observatories are designed around a submarine fiber optic/power cable connecting one or more seafloor science nodes to the terrestrial power grid and communications backhaul. This paper defines the top level requirements that drive cabled observatory design and the system engineering environment within which a scientifically-capable infrastructure can be implemented. Commercial high reliability submarine telecommunication technologies which will be crucial in the design of long term cabled observatories are then reviewed. The top level architecture of a generic cabled observatory, describing the main subsystems comprising the whole and defining technological approaches to their engineering, is then described, along with some example design choices and tradeoff studies

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Jain, P., and M. C. Deo. "Neural networks in ocean engineering." Ships and Offshore Structures 1, no. 1 (January 2006): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/saos.2004.0005.

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Goodier, John. "Springer Handbook of Ocean Engineering." Reference Reviews 31, no. 7 (September 18, 2017): 18–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rr-04-2017-0094.

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Pranesh, M. R., and J. S. Mani. "Similitude engineering—ocean structure interaction." Ocean Engineering 15, no. 2 (January 1988): 189–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0029-8018(88)90028-5.

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Demirbilek, Zeki. "Wave Mechanics for Ocean Engineering." Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering 127, no. 4 (August 2001): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-950x(2001)127:4(252).

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Scruggs, J., and P. Jacob. "ENGINEERING: Harvesting Ocean Wave Energy." Science 323, no. 5918 (February 27, 2009): 1176–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1168245.

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Renforth, P., B. G. Jenkins, and T. Kruger. "Engineering challenges of ocean liming." Energy 60 (October 2013): 442–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2013.08.006.

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Witz, J. A. "Computer modelling in ocean engineering." Engineering Structures 12, no. 1 (January 1990): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0141-0296(90)90039-u.

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Moan, Torgeir. "A course in ocean engineering." Structural Safety 13, no. 4 (April 1994): 285–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-4730(94)90034-5.

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Ridley, J. "The role of engineering innovation in Blue Carbon solutions." APPEA Journal 52, no. 2 (2012): 706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj11120.

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Humanity faces the global challenge of safely removing CO2 from the atmosphere to secure a stable climate. Broadly, there are three options: terrestrial, soils and ocean, and coastal blue carbon sinks. Each option has unique characteristics in relation to permanence, leakage, environmental integrity and co-bene?ts. This extended abstract explores opportunities for blue carbon projects and highlights the important role of engineers in advancing the success of these innovative techniques. Examples of blue carbon include salt marshes, mangroves, seagrasses, macro-algae, coral reefs and open-ocean micro-algae. Regional case studies for mangrove rehabilitation and pioneering research in Australia on micro-algae and open-ocean sequestration are also presented. The world’s oceans contain about 90% of the global carbon budget. Nearly half of global primary productivity occurs in the open-ocean; this productivity has been achieved using only 0.05% of the earth’s biomass. Coastal and marine systems are ef?cient at the continuous storage of carbon, retaining it for centuries. Co-bene?ts include coastal protection, ?sh nurseries, marine biodiversity and improved water quality. Blue carbon is therefore not only direct mitigation, but also a major contributor to the adaptation of changing climate, building a more resilient ecology and supporting long-term sustainability, including that of the major carbon-based industries. Engineers are well equipped to lead this blue revolution while working with scientists and carbon professionals. This extended absrtact highlights opportunities for fast-track implementation and the engineering challenges; it draws on case studies to show scaleable solutions for achieving climate and food security.

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Rajan, Kanna, Fernando Aguado, Pierre Lermusiaux, João Borges de Sousa, Ajit Subramaniam, and Joaquin Tintore. "METEOR: A Mobile (Portable) ocEan roboTic ObsErvatORy." Marine Technology Society Journal 55, no. 3 (May 1, 2021): 74–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.55.3.42.

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Abstract The oceans make this planet habitable and provide a variety of essential ecosystem services ranging from climate regulation through control of greenhouse gases to provisioning about 17% of protein consumed by humans. The oceans are changing as a consequence of human activity but this system is severely under sampled. Traditional methods of studying the oceans, sailing in straight lines, extrapolating a few point measurements have not changed much in 200 years. Despite the tremendous advances in sampling technologies, we often use our autonomous assets the same way. We propose to use the advances in multiplatform, multidisciplinary, and integrated ocean observation, artificial intelligence, marine robotics, new high-resolution coastal ocean data assimilation techniques and computer models to observe and predict the oceans “intelligently”—by deploying self-propelled autonomous sensors and Smallsats guided by data assimilating models to provide observations to reduce model uncertainty in the coastal ocean. This system will be portable and capable of being deployed rapidly in any ocean.

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Tsukrov, Igor I., Mustafa Ozbay, M. Robinson Swift, Barbaros Celikkol, David W. Fredriksson, and Kenneth Baldwin. "Open Ocean Aquaculture Engineering: Numerical Modeling." Marine Technology Society Journal 34, no. 1 (January 1, 2000): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.34.1.4.

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Finite element analysis (FEA) is used to predict the dynamic performance of an offshore fish cage and submerged mooring grid system. The system has been deployed at an exposed demonstration site in 55 meters of water south of the Isles of Shoals, New Hampshire. Computer simulations were performed to investigate the dynamics of the cage motion and to calculate mooring line tensions. The results were used to establish the baseline design specifications and to evaluate the overall performance of the system.Both surface and submerged positions of the net pen are considered. It is shown that the extreme environmental loading conditions at the demonstration site produce 60% less mooring tension in the case of a submerged cage. According to the analysis, the case when one of four mooring legs becomes disabled will not produce the failure of the mooring system.The problem of adequate modeling of net is addressed. A simple technique is proposed to approximate the effect of netting on the overall dynamic response offish cage/mooring systems.

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戴, 清清. "Application of Planning in Ocean Engineering." Modern Management 12, no. 04 (2022): 344–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/mm.2022.124047.

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Renilson, M., J. E. Soholt, and G. Macfarlane. "RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN OCEAN ENGINEERING EDUCATION." APPEA Journal 41, no. 1 (2001): 783. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj00047.

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Ocean engineering is a broad branch of engineering covering all aspects of engineering associated with the design, construction and operation of fixed and floating structures in the marine environment. It differs from naval architecture which traditionally focusses on ships and related ocean vehicles, and is of relevance to engineers in the offshore oil and gas industry.The Australian Maritime College (AMC) commenced running Australia’s first Bachelor of Engineering (Ocean Engineering) degree in 1997, with the first students graduating in 2000. The program was designed to meet the growing need of the Australian offshore oil and gas industry for graduate engineers skilled in the analysis and design of structures and facilities capable of operating in ever-increasing water depths. It builds on the already successful naval architecture degree offered by AMC, and has the first year completely in common.AMC makes use of its uniquely maritime focus and its wide variety of specialist facilities to produce graduates with a strong hands-on approach to complement their theoretical studies. The program features a unique blend of traditional marine and ocean-related subjects with a thorough grounding in hydrodynamics, wave theories, reservoir engineering, drilling technology, well design, offshore operations, oil and gas production technology and sub-sea engineering. As such, it is believed that the syllabus has a composition that is basically unique in the world.To support this new degree, AMC has commissioned the construction of a new Model Test Basin to complement its existing towing tank. This will have a plan form of 35 x 12 m and will be equipped with multi-directional wavemakers, making it ideal for student use, as well as consulting and staff research.The aim of the program is to produce engineering graduates with a broad theoretical background and a practical approach to problem solving. The ocean engineering graduates from AMC will be exceptionally well equipped to pursue successful careers within the international oil and gas industry.This paper describes briefly the various subjects that are unique to the ocean engineering degree and shows how the subject syllabi come together into a coherent program which will produce systems engineers rather than specialists. The course has just recently received Full Accreditation from The Institution of Engineers, Australia (IEAust).

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Chakrabarti,, Subrata K., R. Cengiz Ertekin ,, Joseph L. Hammack,, Daniel T. Valentine,, and Ronald W. Yeung,. "JOMAE Special Issue on Ocean Engineering." Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering 125, no. 1 (February 1, 2003): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1537731.

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Tørum, A., and Trondheim. "Handbook of coastal and ocean engineering." Coastal Engineering 19, no. 1-2 (February 1993): 183–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-3839(93)90024-3.

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Stive, M. J. F. "Computer modelling in ocean engineering 91." Coastal Engineering 20, no. 1-2 (July 1993): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-3839(93)90061-c.

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Kondratenko, A. V., S. A. Kozlov, and M. S. Zakharov. "Engineering geology of the world ocean seabed (to the 50th anniversary of the laboratory of engineering geology of the world ocean seabed FSBI “VNIIOkeangeologiya”)." Геоэкология. Инженерная геология. Гидрогеология. Геокриология, no. 6 (December 21, 2019): 3–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869-7809201963-18.

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This paper reviews the development of engineering geological studies at the Ocean seabed in the Russian Federation for the last 50 years in relation to the works undertaken by Engineering Geology Laboratory of the Ocean seabed the department of FSBI VNIIOkeangeologiya. The potential perspectives of the Ocean mineral resources exploration and extraction attract the attention of experts to the seabed engineering geology. This includes an analysis of the geological, engineering geological and other survey results undertaken so far, as well as the future planning for the engineering geological studies in the Ocean seabed.

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Lauvset, Siv K., Jerry Tjiputra, and Helene Muri. "Climate engineering and the ocean: effects on biogeochemistry and primary production." Biogeosciences 14, no. 24 (December 20, 2017): 5675–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-5675-2017.

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Abstract. Here we use an Earth system model with interactive biogeochemistry to project future ocean biogeochemistry impacts from the large-scale deployment of three different radiation management (RM) climate engineering (also known as geoengineering) methods: stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI), marine sky brightening (MSB), and cirrus cloud thinning (CCT). We apply RM such that the change in radiative forcing in the RCP8.5 emission scenario is reduced to the change in radiative forcing in the RCP4.5 scenario. The resulting global mean sea surface temperatures in the RM experiments are comparable to those in RCP4.5, but there are regional differences. The forcing from MSB, for example, is applied over the oceans, so the cooling of the ocean is in some regions stronger for this method of RM than for the others. Changes in ocean net primary production (NPP) are much more variable, but SAI and MSB give a global decrease comparable to RCP4.5 (∼ 6 % in 2100 relative to 1971–2000), while CCT gives a much smaller global decrease of ∼ 3 %. Depending on the RM methods, the spatially inhomogeneous changes in ocean NPP are related to the simulated spatial change in the NPP drivers (incoming radiation, temperature, availability of nutrients, and phytoplankton biomass) but mostly dominated by the circulation changes. In general, the SAI- and MSB-induced changes are largest in the low latitudes, while the CCT-induced changes tend to be the weakest of the three. The results of this work underscore the complexity of climate impacts on NPP and highlight the fact that changes are driven by an integrated effect of multiple environmental drivers, which all change in different ways. These results stress the uncertain changes to ocean productivity in the future and advocate caution at any deliberate attempt at large-scale perturbation of the Earth system.

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KIM, Jung-Eun. "Implications of Current Developments in International Liability for the Practice of Marine Geo-engineering Activities." Asian Journal of International Law 4, no. 2 (November 29, 2013): 235–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2044251313000283.

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Ocean fertilization was first introduced as a carbon dioxide mitigation technique in the 1980s. However, its effectiveness to slow down climate change is uncertain and it is expected to damage the marine environment. Consequently, international law, including the London Convention/Protocol and the Convention on Biological Diversity, limits this activity to scientific research purposes. The applicability and scope of existing treaties for regulating this activity have been reviewed within international legal systems, in particular within the London Protocol. The establishment of a liability regime with respect to these activities has also been raised during a discussion on regulation of ocean fertilization under the London Protocol. One of the key purposes of the liability regime could be to make ocean users more cautious when exploring and exploiting the oceans through charging cleaning costs or imposing compensation for damage. This paper aims to identify such a preventative effect of the international liability regime, in particular, state liability.

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Wang, Sai, Guoping Fu, Yongduo Song, Jing Wen, Tuanqi Guo, Hongjin Zhang, and Tuantuan Wang. "Ocean-Mixer: A Deep Learning Approach for Multi-Step Prediction of Ocean Remote Sensing Data." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 12, no. 3 (March 1, 2024): 446. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse12030446.

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The development of intelligent oceans requires exploration and an understanding of the various characteristics of the oceans. The emerging Internet of Underwater Things (IoUT) is an extension of the Internet of Things (IoT) to underwater environments, and the ability of IoUT to be combined with deep learning technologies is a powerful technology for realizing intelligent oceans. The underwater acoustic (UWA) communication network is essential to IoUT. The thermocline with drastic temperature and density variations can significantly limit the connectivity and communication performance between IoUT nodes. To more accurately capture the complexity and variability of ocean remote sensing data, we first sample and analyze ocean remote sensing datasets and provide sufficient evidence to validate the temporal redundancy properties of the data. We propose an innovative deep learning approach called Ocean-Mixer. This approach consists of three modules: an embedding module, a mixer module, and a prediction module. The embedding module first processes the location and attribute information of the ocean water and then passes it to the subsequent modules. In the mixing module, we apply a temporal decomposition strategy to eliminate redundant information and capture temporal and channel features through a self-attention mechanism and a multilayer perceptron (MLP). The prediction module ultimately discerns and integrates the temporal and channel relationships and interactions among various ocean features, ensuring precise forecasting. Numerous experiments on ocean temperature and salinity datasets show that Mixer-Ocean performs well in improving the accuracy of time series prediction. Mixer-Ocean is designed to support multi-step prediction and capture the changes in the ocean environment over a long period, thus facilitating efficient management and timely decision-making for innovative ocean-oriented applications, which has far-reaching significance for developing and conserving marine resources.

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Becker, Kyle M., Heather Spence, and Grace Smarsh. "Ocean acoustics and the UN decade of ocean science for sustainable development." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 153, no. 3_supplement (March 1, 2023): A26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0018031.

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The United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (Ocean Decade) was initiated in 2021 and runs until 2030. The Ocean Decade seeks transformative ocean science solutions that connects people to our oceans to bring about positive change. This motivated an idea that ocean acoustics has a role to play among the larger ocean sciences as they relate to climate change and the emerging blue economy. On World Ocean Day 2021 (June 8), the Ocean Decade Research Programme on the Maritime Acoustic Environment (OD-MAE) was included among the first Ocean Decade actions endorsed by the United Nations Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO (IOC). Inspired by Lindsay’s “wheel of acoustics,” the OD-MAE program is envisioned as a hub for coordinating studies involving rigorous and principled used of sound to address questions relating to all aspects of ocean science and engineering, development, policy, and management. The program seeks to support the development of both people and capabilities that enable a quantitative linkage between an acoustic environment and the physical and biological components and processes occurring within that environment. This presentation will introduce the OD-MAE program, describe some of the initiative underway within it, and provide information on how to get involved.

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Kuo, C. "Realizing Engineering Potential in Ocean Wealth Generation." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering 208, no. 2 (August 1994): 107–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1994_208_217_02.

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The paper begins by highlighting the importance and contributions of the various types of ocean wealth to human well-being. These range from oil, food and minerals to a medium for the transportation of bulk goods and a source of renewable energy. The commercial goal to be satisfied in order to achieve success is then stated and a methodology, based on a tree diagram approach, for identifying ocean market opportunities is described. Four examples relating to support for ocean activities are used to illustrate its application. These deal with underwater navigation systems, intermodal marine transport maritime and offshore safety, and dredging. The criteria for fully realizing the engineering potential are considered. They range from the importance of meeting the commercial goal and the impact of safety on ocean activities to the role of human factors and fresh educational methods. The need for an integrated approach to ocean wealth generation and the contribution of research and development efforts are discussed. The main conclusion is that many other forms of wealth with a potential market as large as that of offshore oil and gas are waiting to be ‘discovered’.

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Luo, Min, Abbas Khayyer, and Pengzhi Lin. "Particle methods in ocean and coastal engineering." Applied Ocean Research 114 (September 2021): 102734. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apor.2021.102734.

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LV, Jiancheng. "Preface: Special Issue of Ocean Engineering Technology." Journal of Integration Technology 10, no. 02 (March 1, 2021): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.2095-3135.2021.0201.

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Li, Ke Liang. "Ocean Engineering Concrete Using High-Volume GGBS." Applied Mechanics and Materials 238 (November 2012): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.238.71.

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To improve ocean engineering durability, concrete using high-volume ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) was prepared, its mechanical property and durability were investigated. 4% activator and 61% GGBS were used to replace 65% cement in cementitious material. Activator was used to improve workability, volume stability and early strength of high-volume GGBS concrete. Ocean concrete using high-volume GGBS has good impermeability with small gas diffusion coefficient and relative permeability coefficient. As the good property of resistance to chloride-ion penetration with a low effective diffusion coefficient, it can protect steel-bar from corrosions. Property of frost resistance is also favorable. Expansions caused by alkali-silica reaction and sulfate attack fall down markedly after using high-volume GGBS. It is proved that the high-volume GGBS concrete with good mechanical property and durability is applicable to the constructing of ocean engineering concrete.

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Yanagi, Tetsuo. "Global Environmental Problem and Coastal Ocean Engineering." JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 49, no. 4 (1995): 637–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.49.637.

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Osinga, R. "Marine bioprocess engineering: from ocean to industry." Trends in Biotechnology 17, no. 8 (August 1, 1999): 303–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-7799(99)01323-2.

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Demirbilek, Zeki. "Hurricane Katrina and Ocean Engineering lessons learned." Ocean Engineering 37, no. 1 (January 2010): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2009.12.002.

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Ochi, Michel K. "Non-Gaussian random processes in ocean engineering." Probabilistic Engineering Mechanics 1, no. 1 (March 1986): 28–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0266-8920(86)90007-x.

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Hill, Edward. "Ocean geo-engineering: science in the spotlight." Underwater Technology 28, no. 2 (March 2, 2009): 37–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3723/ut.28.037.

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Kreuzer, E., and U. Wilke. "Dynamics of mooring systems in ocean engineering." Archive of Applied Mechanics (Ingenieur Archiv) 73, no. 3-4 (September 1, 2003): 270–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00419-003-0288-3.

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Zhao, Tian Yu, Fan Chun Li, and Hong Ren. "Legs of Ocean Platform in the Gulf of Bohai Ice Load Safety Analysis." Advanced Materials Research 1052 (October 2014): 410–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1052.410.

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Ocean engineering structures often suffer from ice disaster damages, and the mechanism of interaction between sea ice and ocean structures is complex, the sea ice own properties are also changeful. Based on field researches and statistical results we can know the ice force amplitude. The solid model was established by the ANSYS Workbench module, then simulate the interaction of ice load and ocean engineering structures to verify the safety of ocean engineering structure. This kind of treatment provides an effective method for solving the similar problems, to guarantee the safety of ocean engineering building objective. Keywords:Ocean engineering structures; anti icing safety; ice force amplitude statistics; finite element method

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Odano, Naoteru. "Foreword for Special Issue : "Ocean Policy, Ocean Development and Engineering - The Basic Act"." Journal of The Japan Institute of Marine Engineering 44, no. 1 (2009): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5988/jime.44.40.

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Lansner, Frank, and Jens Olaf Pepke Pedersen. "Temperature trends with reduced impact of ocean air temperature." Energy & Environment 29, no. 4 (March 21, 2018): 613–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958305x18756670.

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Temperature data 1900–2010 from meteorological stations across the world have been analyzed and it has been found that all land areas generally have two different valid temperature trends. Coastal stations and hill stations facing ocean winds are normally more warm-trended than the valley stations that are sheltered from dominant oceans winds. Thus, we found that in any area with variation in the topography, we can divide the stations into the more warm trended ocean air-affected stations, and the more cold-trended ocean air-sheltered stations. We find that the distinction between ocean air-affected and ocean air-sheltered stations can be used to identify the influence of the oceans on land surface. We can then use this knowledge as a tool to better study climate variability on the land surface without the moderating effects of the ocean. We find a lack of warming in the ocean air sheltered temperature data – with less impact of ocean temperature trends – after 1950. The lack of warming in the ocean air sheltered temperature trends after 1950 should be considered when evaluating the climatic effects of changes in the Earth’s atmospheric trace amounts of greenhouse gasses as well as variations in solar conditions.

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Watson, Andrew J., Timothy M. Lenton, and Benjamin J. W. Mills. "Ocean deoxygenation, the global phosphorus cycle and the possibility of human-caused large-scale ocean anoxia." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 375, no. 2102 (August 7, 2017): 20160318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2016.0318.

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The major biogeochemical cycles that keep the present-day Earth habitable are linked by a network of feedbacks, which has led to a broadly stable chemical composition of the oceans and atmosphere over hundreds of millions of years. This includes the processes that control both the atmospheric and oceanic concentrations of oxygen. However, one notable exception to the generally well-behaved dynamics of this system is the propensity for episodes of ocean anoxia to occur and to persist for 10 5 –10 6 years, these ocean anoxic events (OAEs) being particularly associated with warm ‘greenhouse’ climates. A powerful mechanism responsible for past OAEs was an increase in phosphorus supply to the oceans, leading to higher ocean productivity and oxygen demand in subsurface water. This can be amplified by positive feedbacks on the nutrient content of the ocean, with low oxygen promoting further release of phosphorus from ocean sediments, leading to a potentially self-sustaining condition of deoxygenation. We use a simple model for phosphorus in the ocean to explore this feedback, and to evaluate the potential for humans to bring on global-scale anoxia by enhancing P supply to the oceans. While this is not an immediate global change concern, it is a future possibility on millennial and longer time scales, when considering both phosphate rock mining and increased chemical weathering due to climate change. Ocean deoxygenation, once begun, may be self-sustaining and eventually could result in long-lasting and unpleasant consequences for the Earth's biosphere. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Ocean ventilation and deoxygenation in a warming world’.

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Vedachalam, Narayanaswamy, and Gidugu Ananda Ramadass. "Design Considerations for Deep-Ocean Scientific Robotic Vehicles." Marine Technology Society Journal 55, no. 5 (September 1, 2021): 231–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.55.5.20.

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Abstract Oceans cover 72% of the Earth's surface, house immense living and non-living resources, and play a key role in regulating the planet's climate. Robotic vehicles are essential for exploring vast deep-ocean resources, spatiotemporal monitoring of oceans to understand the patterns of climate change, monitoring marine pollution, providing defense, and identifying assets lost in the oceans. The article discusses key design considerations for realizing safe, reliable, and efficient deep-ocean unmanned and manned robotic vehicles capable of operating in challenging environments characterized by high hydrostatic pressure, low temperature, salinity, darkness, dynamic medium, and soft seabed conditions. Strategic technologies to enable cost-effective and increased spatiotemporal monitoring including homing and docking stations, autonomous intervention vehicles, swarm robotic systems, and bio-inspired vehicle designs are discussed.

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Virmani, Jyotika I., and Paul M. E. Bunje. "Incentivizing Innovation for the Oceans and Beyond." Marine Technology Society Journal 49, no. 3 (May 1, 2015): 27–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.49.3.5.

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Abstract For over a decade, XPRIZE has been the leader in incentivized global prize competitions. Historically, such competitions have radically changed the world by spurring the rapid innovation of technologies to address societal challenges. XPRIZE currently has four active global competitions, including the $2 million Wendy Schmidt Ocean Health XPRIZE to develop accurate, robust, and affordable pH sensors to improve our understanding of ocean acidification. This addresses the grand challenge of the overwhelming lack of data on our oceans. Innovations are expected to emerge from this competition that could be adapted to other ocean sensors, including portability, ease of deployment and recovery, solutions to address power and biofouling limitations, and data recovery using modern software and wireless capabilities. This competition is part of the XPRIZE Ocean Initiative, which is a suite of five ocean XPRIZE competitions that, over 10 years, will award millions of dollars to innovators who can solve some of the grand challenges facing the ocean. Collectively, these ocean-focused prizes aim to achieve the XPRIZE vision of a healthy, valued, and understood ocean.

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Nishizawa, Manabu, Takuya Saito, Akiko Makabe, Hisahiro Ueda, Masafumi Saitoh, Takazo Shibuya, and Ken Takai. "Stable Abiotic Production of Ammonia from Nitrate in Komatiite-Hosted Hydrothermal Systems in the Hadean and Archean Oceans." Minerals 11, no. 3 (March 19, 2021): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11030321.

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Abiotic fixation of atmospheric dinitrogen to ammonia is important in prebiotic chemistry and biological evolution in the Hadean and Archean oceans. Though it is widely accepted that nitrate (NO3−) was generated in the early atmospheres, the stable pathways of ammonia production from nitrate deposited in the early oceans remain unknown. This paper reports results of the first experiments simulating high-temperature, high-pressure reactions between nitrate and komatiite to find probable chemical pathways to deliver ammonia to the vent–ocean interface of komatiite-hosted hydrothermal systems and the global ocean on geological timescales. The fluid chemistry and mineralogy of the komatiite–H2O–NO3− system show iron-mediated production of ammonia from nitrate with yields of 10% at 250 °C and 350 °C, 500 bars. The komatiite–H2O–NO3– system also generated H2-rich and alkaline fluids, well-known prerequisites for prebiotic and primordial metabolisms, at lower temperatures than the komatiite–H2O–CO2 system. We estimate the ammonia flux from the komatiite-hosted systems to be 105–1010 mol/y in the early oceans. If the nitrate concentration in the early oceans was greater than 10 μmol/kg, the long-term production of ammonia through thermochemical nitrate reduction for the first billion years might have allowed the subsequent development of an early biosphere in the global surface ocean. Our results imply that komatiite-hosted systems might have impacted not only H2-based chemosynthetic ecosystems at the vent-ocean interface but also photosynthetic ecosystems on the early Earth.

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Parsons, E. C. M., Ashley Scarlett, and Andrew Kornblatt. "FantaSEAS Project: Incorporating Inspiring Ocean Science in the Popular Media." Marine Technology Society Journal 55, no. 3 (May 1, 2021): 110–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.55.3.34.

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Abstract One of the goals of the UN Oceans Decade is “an inspiring and engaging ocean where society understands and values the ocean in relation to human well-being and sustainable development.” The UN Ocean Decade also calls for promoting diversity in ocean science, engaging multiple stakeholders, including industries and the wider public, as well as promoting ocean science literacy. The FANTASeas project aims to do this.One major source of inspiration for the general public for millennia has been art and literature. Over the past century, key sources of public inspiration when it comes to science include science fiction and fantasy in books, movies, TV shows, comics and, recently, computer games. Most famously, the TV show Star Trek inspired a generation of space scientists.The idea behind this project is to promote and facilitate the production of popular artistic and literary projects that incorporate ocean science to enhance both ocean literacy and to create more inspirational ocean-related projects.It is proposed that a series of international workshops be organized to connect ocean scientists with novelists, writers, and designers from the: (a) computer gaming; (b) tabletop gaming; (c) TV and movie; and (d) comic and graphic novel industries.

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Van Uffelen, Lora, James H. Miller, and Gopu R. Potty. "Underwater acoustics and ocean engineering at the University of Rhode Island." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 152, no. 4 (October 2022): A124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0015761.

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Underwater acoustics is one of the primary areas of emphasis in the Ocean Engineering Department at the University of Rhode Island, the first Ocean Engineering program in the United States. The program offers Bachelors, Masters (thesis and non-thesis options) and PhD degrees in Ocean Engineering. These programs are based at the Narragansett Bay campus, providing access to a living laboratory for student learning. Some key facilities of the program are an acoustics tank and a 100-foot-long wave tank. At the graduate level, students are actively involved in research focused in areas such as acoustical oceanography, propagation modeling, geoacoustic inversion, marine mammal acoustics, ocean acoustic instrumentation, and transducers. An overview of classroom learning and ongoing research will be provided, along with information regarding the requirements of entry into the program.

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Zhu, Rui, Bo Liu, Ruwen Zhang, Shengxiang Zhang, and Jiuxin Cao. "OEQA: Knowledge- and Intention-Driven Intelligent Ocean Engineering Question-Answering Framework." Applied Sciences 13, no. 23 (December 2, 2023): 12915. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app132312915.

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The constantly updating big data in the ocean engineering domain has challenged the traditional manner of manually extracting knowledge, thereby underscoring the current absence of a knowledge graph framework in such a special field. This paper proposes a knowledge graph framework to fill the gap in the knowledge management application of the ocean engineering field. Subsequently, we propose an intelligent question-answering framework named OEQA based on an ocean engineering-oriented knowledge graph. Firstly, we define the ontology of ocean engineering and adopt a top-down approach to construct a knowledge graph. Secondly, we collect and analyze the data from databases, websites, and textual reports. Based on these collected data, we implement named entity recognition on the unstructured data and extract corresponding relations between entities. Thirdly, we propose an intent-recognizing-based user question classification method, and according to the classification result, construct and fill corresponding query templates by keyword matching. Finally, we use T5-Pegasus to generate natural answers based on the answer entities queried from the knowledge graph. Experimental results show that the accuracy in finding answers is 89.6%. OEQA achieves in the natural answer generation in the ocean engineering domain significant improvements in relevance (1.0912%), accuracy (4.2817%), and practicability (3.1071%) in comparison to ChatGPT.

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McMahon, Clive R., and Fabien Roquet. "Animal-Borne Ocean Sensors: A Decadal Vision Through New Eyes." Marine Technology Society Journal 56, no. 3 (June 8, 2022): 36–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.56.3.2.

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Abstract Animal-Borne Ocean Sensors—AniBOS—is an emerging network of the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS). AniBOS makes freely available oceanographic measurements across the hard-to-observe world's polar and tropical oceans from miniaturized sensors attached to marine animals. These data complement conventional approaches by providing both physical and ecological data in remote ocean regions directly at the scale and resolution at which animals move. AniBOS fills an important observational gap by integrating animal-collected data within the GOOS to improve our ability to observe and predict global climate processes and animal behavior, both of which are essential components of the Decade of Ocean Science.

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Kim, Taeyoon, and Woo-Dong Lee. "Review on Applications of Machine Learning in Coastal and Ocean Engineering." Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology 36, no. 3 (June 30, 2022): 194–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.26748/ksoe.2022.007.

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Recently, an analysis method using machine learning for solving problems in coastal and ocean engineering has been highlighted. Machine learning models are effective modeling tools for predicting specific parameters by learning complex relationships based on a specified dataset. In coastal and ocean engineering, various studies have been conducted to predict dependent variables such as wave parameters, tides, storm surges, design parameters, and shoreline fluctuations. Herein, we introduce and describe the application trend of machine learning models in coastal and ocean engineering. Based on the results of various studies, machine learning models are an effective alternative to approaches involving data requirements, time-consuming fluid dynamics, and numerical models. In addition, machine learning can be successfully applied for solving various problems in coastal and ocean engineering. However, to achieve accurate predictions, model development should be conducted in addition to data preprocessing and cost calculation. Furthermore, applicability to various systems and quantifiable evaluations of uncertainty should be considered.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Ocean engineering'

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