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Journal articles on the topic 'Ocean circulation'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Cunningham, Stuart A. "Southern Ocean circulation." Archives of Natural History 32, no. 2 (2005): 265–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2005.32.2.265.

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The Discovery Investigations of the 1930s provided a compelling description of the main elements of the Southern Ocean circulation. Over the intervening years, this has been extended to include ideas on ocean dynamics based on physical principles. In the modern description, the Southern Ocean has two main circulations that are intimately linked: a zonal (west-east) circumpolar circulation and a meridional (north-south) overturning circulation. The Antarctic Circumpolar Current transports around 140 million cubic metres per second west to east around Antarctica. This zonal circulation connects

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2

Ferrari, Raffaele, Louis-Philippe Nadeau, David P. Marshall, Lesley C. Allison, and Helen L. Johnson. "A Model of the Ocean Overturning Circulation with Two Closed Basins and a Reentrant Channel." Journal of Physical Oceanography 47, no. 12 (2017): 2887–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-16-0223.1.

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AbstractZonally averaged models of the ocean overturning circulation miss important zonal exchanges of waters between the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific Oceans. A two-layer, two-basin model that accounts for these exchanges is introduced and suggests that in the present-day climate the overturning circulation is best described as the combination of three circulations: an adiabatic overturning circulation in the Atlantic Ocean associated with transformation of intermediate to deep waters in the north, a diabatic overturning circulation in the Indo-Pacific Ocean associated with transformation of abys

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3

Smith, H. J. "OCEANS: Tracing Ocean Circulation." Science 288, no. 5474 (2000): 2097e—2099. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.288.5474.2097e.

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4

Jansen, Malte F., Wanying Kang, Edwin S. Kite, and Yaoxuan Zeng. "Energetic Constraints on Ocean Circulations of Icy Ocean Worlds." Planetary Science Journal 4, no. 6 (2023): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/psj/acda95.

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Abstract Globally ice-covered oceans have been found on multiple moons in the solar system and may also have been a feature of Earth’s past. However, relatively little is understood about the dynamics of these ice-covered oceans, which affect not only the physical environment but also any potential life and its detectability. A number of studies have simulated the circulation of icy-world oceans, but have come to seemingly widely different conclusions. To better understand and narrow down these diverging results, we discuss the energetic constraints for the circulation on ice-covered oceans, f

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5

Olson, Donald B. "Ocean Circulation." Marine Geology 103, no. 1-3 (1992): 534. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(92)90044-i.

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6

Bigg, Grant R. "Ocean circulation." Endeavour 14, no. 2 (1990): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0160-9327(90)90091-5.

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7

Ladant, Jean-Baptiste, Christopher J. Poulsen, Frédéric Fluteau, et al. "Paleogeographic controls on the evolution of Late Cretaceous ocean circulation." Climate of the Past 16, no. 3 (2020): 973–1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-973-2020.

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Abstract. Understanding of the role of ocean circulation on climate during the Late Cretaceous is contingent on the ability to reconstruct its modes and evolution. Geochemical proxies used to infer modes of past circulation provide conflicting interpretations for the reorganization of the ocean circulation through the Late Cretaceous. Here, we present climate model simulations of the Cenomanian (100.5–93.9 Ma) and Maastrichtian (72.1–66.1 Ma) stages of the Cretaceous with the CCSM4 earth system model. We focus on intermediate (500–1500 m) and deep (> 1500 m) ocean circulation and show that

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8

Cullum, Jodie, David P. Stevens, and Manoj M. Joshi. "Importance of ocean salinity for climate and habitability." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 16 (2016): 4278–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1522034113.

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Modeling studies of terrestrial extrasolar planetary climates are now including the effects of ocean circulation due to a recognition of the importance of oceans for climate; indeed, the peak equator-pole ocean heat transport on Earth peaks at almost half that of the atmosphere. However, such studies have made the assumption that fundamental oceanic properties, such as salinity, temperature, and depth, are similar to Earth. This assumption results in Earth-like circulations: a meridional overturning with warm water moving poleward at the surface, being cooled, sinking at high latitudes, and tr

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9

Wu, Yang, Xiaoming Zhai, and Zhaomin Wang. "Impact of Synoptic Atmospheric Forcing on the Mean Ocean Circulation." Journal of Climate 29, no. 16 (2016): 5709–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-15-0819.1.

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Abstract The impact of synoptic atmospheric forcing on the mean ocean circulation is investigated by comparing simulations of a global eddy-permitting ocean–sea ice model forced with and without synoptic atmospheric phenomena. Consistent with previous studies, transient atmospheric motions such as weather systems are found to contribute significantly to the time-mean wind stress and surface heat loss at mid- and high latitudes owing to the nonlinear nature of air–sea turbulent fluxes. Including synoptic atmospheric forcing in the model has led to a number of significant changes. For example, w

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10

Semtner, A. J. "Modeling Ocean Circulation." Science 269, no. 5229 (1995): 1379–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.269.5229.1379.

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11

You, Aming, Mulun Wang, and Yue Yu. "Ocean circulation response to rapid climate change." Applied and Computational Engineering 85, no. 1 (2024): 134–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/85/20240970.

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In recent years, the trend of global warming has been significant, with changes occurring in the atmosphere, oceans, wind fields, and other areas due to climate change. To predict the future response of ocean circulation to climate change under the influence of global warming trends, this work is based on the response of ocean circulation to ancient climate change. Through research and analysis of three factors, including The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation(AMOC) index, salinity and temperature, combined with various data and chart analysis, the response mechanism of ocean circulat

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12

Meehl, Gerald A., Julie M. Arblaster, and Johannes Loschnigg. "Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Dynamical Processes in the Tropical Indian and Pacific Oceans and the TBO." Journal of Climate 16, no. 13 (2003): 2138–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2767.1.

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Abstract The transitions (from relatively strong to relatively weak monsoon) in the tropospheric biennial oscillation (TBO) occur in northern spring for the south Asian or Indian monsoon and northern fall for the Australian monsoon involving coupled land–atmosphere–ocean processes over a large area of the Indo-Pacific region. Transitions from March–May (MAM) to June–September (JJAS) tend to set the system for the next year, with a transition to the opposite sign the following year. Previous analyses of observed data and GCM sensitivity experiments have demonstrated that the TBO (with roughly a

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13

Pasquier, Benoît, Mark Holzer, Matthew A. Chamberlain, Richard J. Matear, Nathaniel L. Bindoff, and François W. Primeau. "Optimal parameters for the ocean's nutrient, carbon, and oxygen cycles compensate for circulation biases but replumb the biological pump." Biogeosciences 20, no. 14 (2023): 2985–3009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2985-2023.

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Abstract. Accurate predictive modeling of the ocean's global carbon and oxygen cycles is challenging because of uncertainties in both biogeochemistry and ocean circulation. Advances over the last decade have made parameter optimization feasible, allowing models to better match observed biogeochemical fields. However, does fitting a biogeochemical model to observed tracers using a circulation with known biases robustly capture the inner workings of the biological pump? Here we embed a mechanistic model of the ocean's coupled nutrient, carbon, and oxygen cycles into two circulations for the curr

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14

Stanton, B. R. "Ocean circulation and ocean-atmosphere exchanges." Climatic Change 18, no. 2-3 (1991): 175–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00138996.

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15

Misumi, K., K. Lindsay, J. K. Moore, et al. "The iron budget in ocean surface waters in the 20th and 21st centuries: projections by the Community Earth System Model version 1." Biogeosciences Discussions 10, no. 5 (2013): 8505–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-10-8505-2013.

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Abstract. We investigated the simulated iron budget in ocean surface waters in the 1990s and 2090s using the Community Earth System Model version 1 and the Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 future CO2 emission scenario. We assumed that exogenous iron inputs did not change during the whole simulation period; thus, iron budget changes were attributed solely to changes in ocean circulation and mixing in response to projected global warming. The model simulated the major features of ocean circulation and dissolved iron distribution for the present climate reasonably well. Detailed iron budg

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16

Barron, Eric J., and William H. Peterson. "The Cenozoic ocean circulation based on ocean General Circulation Model results." Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 83, no. 1-3 (1991): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-0182(91)90073-z.

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17

Döös, Kristofer, Joakim Kjellsson, Jan Zika, Frédéric Laliberté, Laurent Brodeau, and Aitor Aldama Campino. "The Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Hydrothermohaline Circulation." Journal of Climate 30, no. 2 (2017): 631–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-15-0759.1.

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The thermohaline circulation of the ocean is compared to the hydrothermal circulation of the atmosphere. The oceanic thermohaline circulation is expressed in potential temperature–absolute salinity space and comprises a tropical cell, a conveyor belt cell, and a polar cell, whereas the atmospheric hydrothermal circulation is expressed in potential temperature–specific humidity space and unifies the tropical Hadley and Walker cells as well as the midlatitude eddies into a single, global circulation. The oceanic thermohaline streamfunction makes it possible to analyze and quantify the entire Wor

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18

Wu, Yang, Xiaoming Zhai, and Zhaomin Wang. "Decadal-Mean Impact of Including Ocean Surface Currents in Bulk Formulas on Surface Air–Sea Fluxes and Ocean General Circulation." Journal of Climate 30, no. 23 (2017): 9511–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-17-0001.1.

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The decadal-mean impact of including ocean surface currents in the bulk formulas on surface air–sea fluxes and the ocean general circulation is investigated for the first time using a global eddy-permitting coupled ocean–sea ice model. Although including ocean surface currents in air–sea flux calculations only weakens the surface wind stress by a few percent, it significantly reduces wind power input to both geostrophic and ageostrophic motions, and damps the eddy and mean kinetic energy throughout the water column. Furthermore, the strength of the horizontal gyre circulations and the Atlantic

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19

Hu, Shineng, Shang-Ping Xie, and Wei Liu. "Global Pattern Formation of Net Ocean Surface Heat Flux Response to Greenhouse Warming." Journal of Climate 33, no. 17 (2020): 7503–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-19-0642.1.

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AbstractThis study examines global patterns of net ocean surface heat flux changes (ΔQnet) under greenhouse warming in an ocean–atmosphere coupled model based on a heat budget decomposition. The regional structure of ΔQnet is primarily shaped by ocean heat divergence changes (ΔOHD): excessive heat is absorbed by higher-latitude oceans (mainly over the North Atlantic and the Southern Ocean), transported equatorward, and stored in lower-latitude oceans with the rest being released to the tropical atmosphere. The overall global pattern of ΔOHD is primarily due to the circulation change and partia

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20

Hu, Shijian, Janet Sprintall, Cong Guan, et al. "Deep-reaching acceleration of global mean ocean circulation over the past two decades." Science Advances 6, no. 6 (2020): eaax7727. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aax7727.

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Ocean circulation redistributes Earth’s energy and water masses and influences global climate. Under historical greenhouse warming, regional ocean currents show diverse tendencies, but whether there is an emerging trend of the global mean ocean circulation system is not yet clear. Here, we show a statistically significant increasing trend in the globally integrated oceanic kinetic energy since the early 1990s, indicating a substantial acceleration of global mean ocean circulation. The increasing trend in kinetic energy is particularly prominent in the global tropical oceans, reaching depths of

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21

Frajka-Williams, E. "Sustaining observations of the unsteady ocean circulation." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 372, no. 2025 (2014): 20130335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2013.0335.

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Sustained observations of ocean properties reveal a global warming trend and rising sea levels. These changes have been documented by traditional ship-based measurements of ocean properties, whereas more recent Argo profiling floats and satellite records permit estimates of ocean changes on a near real-time basis. Through these and newer methods of observing the oceans, scientists are moving from quantifying the ‘state of the ocean’ to monitoring its variability, and distinguishing the physical processes bringing signals of change. In this paper, I give a brief overview of the UK contributions

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22

Gačić, Miroslav, and Manuel Bensi. "Ocean Exchange and Circulation." Water 12, no. 3 (2020): 882. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12030882.

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The great spatial and temporal variability, which characterizes the marine environment, requires a huge effort to be observed and studied properly since changes in circulation and mixing processes directly influence the variability of the physical and biogeochemical properties. A multi-platform approach and a collaborative effort, in addition to optimizing both data collection and quality, is needed to bring the scientific community to more efficient monitoring and predicting of the world ocean processes. This Special Issue consists of nine original scientific articles that address oceanic cir

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23

Zahn, Rainer. "Deep ocean circulation puzzle." Nature 356, no. 6372 (1992): 744–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/356744a0.

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24

Wells, Neil C. "Ocean circulation and climate." Continental Shelf Research 22, no. 10 (2002): 1559–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0278-4343(02)00005-5.

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25

McCreary, J. P. "Modeling Equatorial Ocean Circulation." Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 17, no. 1 (1985): 359–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.17.010185.002043.

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26

Blanckenburg, F. v. "PALEOCEANOGRAPHY:Tracing Past Ocean Circulation?" Science 286, no. 5446 (1999): 1862b—1863. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.286.5446.1862b.

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27

Latif, Mojib. "Tropical Ocean Circulation Experiments." Journal of Physical Oceanography 17, no. 2 (1987): 246–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1987)017<0246:toce>2.0.co;2.

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28

Zhao, Mengnan, Rui M. Ponte, Ou Wang, and Rick Lumpkin. "Using Drifter Velocity Measurements to Assess and Constrain Coarse-Resolution Ocean Models." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 38, no. 4 (2021): 909–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-20-0159.1.

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AbstractProperly fitting ocean models to observations is crucial for improving model performance and understanding ocean dynamics. Near-surface velocity measurements from the Global Drifter Program (GDP) contain valuable information about upper-ocean circulation and air–sea fluxes on various space and time scales. This study explores whether GDP measurements can be used for usefully constraining the surface circulation from coarse-resolution ocean models, using global solutions produced by the consortium for Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean (ECCO) as an example. To address t

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29

Phillips, Helen E., Amit Tandon, Ryo Furue, et al. "Progress in understanding of Indian Ocean circulation, variability, air–sea exchange, and impacts on biogeochemistry." Ocean Science 17, no. 6 (2021): 1677–751. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-17-1677-2021.

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Abstract. Over the past decade, our understanding of the Indian Ocean has advanced through concerted efforts toward measuring the ocean circulation and air–sea exchanges, detecting changes in water masses, and linking physical processes to ecologically important variables. New circulation pathways and mechanisms have been discovered that control atmospheric and oceanic mean state and variability. This review brings together new understanding of the ocean–atmosphere system in the Indian Ocean since the last comprehensive review, describing the Indian Ocean circulation patterns, air–sea interact

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30

Proshutinsky, Andrey, Dmitry Dukhovskoy, Mary-Louise Timmermans, Richard Krishfield, and Jonathan L. Bamber. "Arctic circulation regimes." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 373, no. 2052 (2015): 20140160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2014.0160.

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Between 1948 and 1996, mean annual environmental parameters in the Arctic experienced a well-pronounced decadal variability with two basic circulation patterns: cyclonic and anticyclonic alternating at 5 to 7 year intervals. During cyclonic regimes, low sea-level atmospheric pressure (SLP) dominated over the Arctic Ocean driving sea ice and the upper ocean counterclockwise; the Arctic atmosphere was relatively warm and humid, and freshwater flux from the Arctic Ocean towards the subarctic seas was intensified. By contrast, during anticylonic circulation regimes, high SLP dominated driving sea

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31

Meccia, Virna L., Doroteaciro Iovino, and Alessio Bellucci. "North Atlantic gyre circulation in PRIMAVERA models." Climate Dynamics 56, no. 11-12 (2021): 4075–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-021-05686-z.

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AbstractWe study the impact of horizontal resolution in setting the North Atlantic gyre circulation and representing the ocean–atmosphere interactions that modulate the low-frequency variability in the region. Simulations from five state-of-the-art climate models performed at standard and high-resolution as part of the High-Resolution Model Inter-comparison Project (HighResMIP) were analysed. In some models, the resolution is enhanced in the atmospheric and oceanic components whereas, in some other models, the resolution is increased only in the atmosphere. Enhancing the horizontal resolution

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32

Kanzow, Torsten, and Martin Visbeck. "Ocean circulation - Does large-scale ocean overturning circulation vary with climate change? [Present]." PAGES news 20, no. 1 (2012): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22498/pages.20.1.14.

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33

Skinner, Luke. "Ocean circulation - Does large-scale ocean overturning circulation vary with climate change? [Past]." PAGES news 20, no. 1 (2012): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.22498/pages.20.1.15.

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34

Smith, Robin S., Clotilde Dubois, and Jochem Marotzke. "Global Climate and Ocean Circulation on an Aquaplanet Ocean–Atmosphere General Circulation Model." Journal of Climate 19, no. 18 (2006): 4719–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli3874.1.

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Abstract A low-resolution coupled ocean–atmosphere general circulation model (OAGCM) is used to study the characteristics of the large-scale ocean circulation and its climatic impacts in a series of global coupled aquaplanet experiments. Three configurations, designed to produce fundamentally different ocean circulation regimes, are considered. The first has no obstruction to zonal flow, the second contains a low barrier that blocks zonal flow in the ocean at all latitudes, creating a single enclosed basin, while the third contains a gap in the barrier to allow circumglobal flow at high southe

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35

Vecchi, Gabriel A., and Brian J. Soden. "Global Warming and the Weakening of the Tropical Circulation." Journal of Climate 20, no. 17 (2007): 4316–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli4258.1.

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Abstract This study examines the response of the tropical atmospheric and oceanic circulation to increasing greenhouse gases using a coordinated set of twenty-first-century climate model experiments performed for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4). The strength of the atmospheric overturning circulation decreases as the climate warms in all IPCC AR4 models, in a manner consistent with the thermodynamic scaling arguments of Held and Soden. The weakening occurs preferentially in the zonally asymmetric (i.e., Walker) rather than zonal-mean (i.e., H

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36

Schmittner, Andreas, Tiago A. M. Silva, Klaus Fraedrich, Edilbert Kirk, and Frank Lunkeit. "Effects of Mountains and Ice Sheets on Global Ocean Circulation*." Journal of Climate 24, no. 11 (2011): 2814–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jcli3982.1.

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Abstract The impact of mountains and ice sheets on the large-scale circulation of the world’s oceans is investigated in a series of simulations with a new coupled ocean–atmosphere model [Oregon State University–University of Victoria model (OSUVic)], in which the height of orography is scaled from 1.5 times the actual height (at T42 resolution) to 0 (no mountains). The results suggest that the effects of mountains and ice sheets on the buoyancy and momentum transfer from the atmosphere to the surface ocean determine the present pattern of deep ocean circulation. Higher mountains reduce water v

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37

Zhao, Yu, Anmin Duan, Guoxiong Wu, and Ruizao Sun. "Response of the Indian Ocean to the Tibetan Plateau Thermal Forcing in Late Spring." Journal of Climate 32, no. 20 (2019): 6917–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-18-0880.1.

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Abstract The thermal effect of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) is known to exert substantial impacts on the atmospheric general circulation, suggesting that it may also influence the wind-driven circulation in the ocean through air–sea interactions. Here, several coupled general circulation model experiments are performed in order to investigate the short-term response of the Indian Ocean to the TP surface heat source in late spring (May). The results indicate that positive TP heating anomalies can induce significant atmospheric circulation responses over the northern Indian Ocean, characterized by e

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38

Jang, Youkyoung, and David M. Straus. "The Indian Monsoon Circulation Response to El Niño Diabatic Heating." Journal of Climate 25, no. 21 (2012): 7487–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-11-00637.1.

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The response of the boreal summer mean tropical circulation to anomalies in diabatic heating during the strong El Niño events of 1972, 1987, and 1997 is studied, with particular focus on the Indian region. In experiments with the atmospheric general circulation model of the National Center for Atmospheric Research, anomalous diabatic heating fields are added to the full temperature tendency of the Community Atmosphere Model, version 3 (CAM3). The boundary conditions are specified climatological sea surface temperatures everywhere but over the Indian and western Pacific Oceans, where a slab-oce

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Wills, Robert C., Xavier J. Levine, and Tapio Schneider. "Local Energetic Constraints on Walker Circulation Strength." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 74, no. 6 (2017): 1907–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-16-0219.1.

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Abstract The weakening of tropical overturning circulations is a robust response to global warming in climate models and observations. However, there remain open questions on the causes of this change and the extent to which this weakening affects individual circulation features such as the Walker circulation. The study presents idealized GCM simulations of a Walker circulation forced by prescribed ocean heat flux convergence in a slab ocean, where the longwave opacity of the atmosphere is varied to simulate a wide range of climates. The weakening of the Walker circulation with warming results

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40

Birchfield, Edward, and Matthew Wyant. "Diverse Limiting Circulations In A Simple Ocean Box Model." Annals of Glaciology 14 (1990): 330. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0260305500008892.

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A coupled ocean-atmosphere model is formulated, incorporating an ocean comprised of two surface and one deep-ocean boxes, horizontal and vertical mixing, a thermohaline circulation, and forcing by latitudinal differential surface heating and evaporation. Surface fluxes are determined through coupling with a two-box steady-state atmospheric energy-balance model The hydrological cycle, thermohaline circulation and latitudinal exchange rate in the atmosphere are each controlled by an independent parameter. For a weak hydrological cycle, a cold low-salinity deep-ocean equilibrium exists with deep

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41

Birchfield, Edward, and Matthew Wyant. "Diverse Limiting Circulations In A Simple Ocean Box Model." Annals of Glaciology 14 (1990): 330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500008892.

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A coupled ocean-atmosphere model is formulated, incorporating an ocean comprised of two surface and one deep-ocean boxes, horizontal and vertical mixing, a thermohaline circulation, and forcing by latitudinal differential surface heating and evaporation. Surface fluxes are determined through coupling with a two-box steady-state atmospheric energy-balance model The hydrological cycle, thermohaline circulation and latitudinal exchange rate in the atmosphere are each controlled by an independent parameter. For a weak hydrological cycle, a cold low-salinity deep-ocean equilibrium exists with deep

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42

Kriest, Iris, Paul Kähler, Wolfgang Koeve, Karin Kvale, Volkmar Sauerland, and Andreas Oschlies. "One size fits all? Calibrating an ocean biogeochemistry model for different circulations." Biogeosciences 17, no. 12 (2020): 3057–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3057-2020.

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Abstract. Global biogeochemical ocean models are often tuned to match the observed distributions and fluxes of inorganic and organic quantities. This tuning is typically carried out “by hand”. However, this rather subjective approach might not yield the best fit to observations, is closely linked to the circulation employed and is thus influenced by its specific features and even its faults. We here investigate the effect of model tuning, via objective optimisation, of one biogeochemical model of intermediate complexity when simulated in five different offline circulations. For each circulatio

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Baker, J. A., M. J. Bell, L. C. Jackson, G. K. Vallis, A. J. Watson, and R. A. Wood. "Continued Atlantic overturning circulation even under climate extremes." Nature 638, no. 8052 (2025): 987–94. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08544-0.

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Abstract The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), vital for northwards heat transport in the Atlantic Ocean, is projected to weaken owing to global warming1, with significant global climate impacts2. However, the extent of AMOC weakening is uncertain with wide variation across climate models1,3,4 and some statistical indicators suggesting an imminent collapse5. Here we show that the AMOC is resilient to extreme greenhouse gas and North Atlantic freshwater forcings across 34 climate models. Upwelling in the Southern Ocean, driven by persistent Southern Ocean winds, sustains a wea

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44

Divakaran, Prasanth, and Gary B. Brassington. "Arterial ocean circulation of the southeast Indian Ocean." Geophysical Research Letters 38, no. 1 (2011): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010gl045574.

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45

Schultz, Colin. "How ocean ridges affect large-scale ocean circulation." Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 92, no. 42 (2011): 372. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011eo420009.

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46

Misumi, K., K. Lindsay, J. K. Moore, et al. "The iron budget in ocean surface waters in the 20th and 21st centuries: projections by the Community Earth System Model version 1." Biogeosciences 11, no. 1 (2014): 33–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-33-2014.

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Abstract. We investigated the simulated iron budget in ocean surface waters in the 1990s and 2090s using the Community Earth System Model version 1 and the Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 future CO2 emission scenario. We assumed that exogenous iron inputs did not change during the whole simulation period; thus, iron budget changes were attributed solely to changes in ocean circulation and mixing in response to projected global warming, and the resulting impacts on marine biogeochemistry. The model simulated the major features of ocean circulation and dissolved iron distribution for th

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Yang, Hu, Gerrit Lohmann, Xiaoxu Shi, and Chao Li. "Enhanced Mid-Latitude Meridional Heat Imbalance Induced by the Ocean." Atmosphere 10, no. 12 (2019): 746. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10120746.

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The heat imbalance is the fundamental driver for the atmospheric circulation. Therefore, it is crucially important to understand how it responds to global warming. In this study, the role of the ocean in reshaping the atmospheric meridional heat imbalance is explored based on observations and climate simulations. We found that ocean tends to strengthen the meridional heat imbalance over the mid-latitudes. This is primarily because of the uneven ocean heat uptake between the subtropical and subpolar oceans. Under global warming, the subtropical ocean absorbs relatively less heat as the water th

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Scheen, Jeemijn, and Thomas F. Stocker. "Effect of changing ocean circulation on deep ocean temperature in the last millennium." Earth System Dynamics 11, no. 4 (2020): 925–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esd-11-925-2020.

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Abstract. Paleoreconstructions and modern observations provide us with anomalies of surface temperature over the past millennium. The history of deep ocean temperatures is much less well-known and was simulated in a recent study for the past 2000 years under forced surface temperature anomalies and fixed ocean circulation. In this study, we simulate the past 800 years with an illustrative forcing scenario in the Bern3D ocean model, which enables us to assess the impact of changes in ocean circulation on deep ocean temperature. We quantify the effect of changing ocean circulation by comparing t

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Chhak, Kettyah C., Andrew M. Moore, Ralph F. Milliff, Grant Branstator, William R. Holland, and Michael Fisher. "Stochastic Forcing of the North Atlantic Wind-Driven Ocean Circulation. Part I: A Diagnostic Analysis of the Ocean Response to Stochastic Forcing." Journal of Physical Oceanography 36, no. 3 (2006): 300–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo2852.1.

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Abstract At midlatitudes, the magnitude of stochastic wind stress forcing due to atmospheric weather is comparable to that associated with the seasonal cycle. Stochastic forcing is therefore likely to have a significant influence on the ocean circulation. In this work, the influence of the stochastic component of the wind stress forcing on the large-scale, wind-driven circulation of the North Atlantic Ocean is examined. To this end, a quasigeostrophic model of the North Atlantic was forced with estimates of the stochastic component of wind stress curl obtained from the NCAR Community Climate M

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Brown, J., C. A. Clayson, L. Kantha, and T. Rojsiraphisal. "North Indian Ocean variability during the Indian Ocean dipole." Ocean Science Discussions 5, no. 2 (2008): 213–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/osd-5-213-2008.

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Abstract. The circulation in the North Indian Ocean (NIO henceforth) is highly seasonally variable. Periodically reversing monsoon winds (southwesterly during summer and northeasterly during winter) give rise to seasonally reversing current systems off the coast of Somalia and India. In addition to this annual monsoon cycle, the NIO circulation varies semiannually because of equatorial currents reversing four times each year. These descriptions are typical, but how does the NIO circulation behave during anomalous years, during an Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) for instance? Unfortunately, in situ o

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