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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ocean-atmospheric modelling

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Academic literature on the topic 'Ocean-atmospheric modelling'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 2 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Ocean-atmospheric modelling"

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Jenkins, Alastair D., Mostafa Bakhoday Paskyabi, Ilker Fer, Alok Gupta, and Muralidhar Adakudlu. "Modelling the Effect of Ocean Waves on the Atmospheric and Ocean Boundary Layers." Energy Procedia 24 (2012): 166–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2012.06.098.

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Andrews, Oliver, Erik Buitenhuis, Corinne Le Quéré, and Parvadha Suntharalingam. "Biogeochemical modelling of dissolved oxygen in a changing ocean." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 375, no. 2102 (2017): 20160328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2016.0328.

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Secular decreases in dissolved oxygen concentration have been observed within the tropical oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) and at mid- to high latitudes over the last approximately 50 years. Earth system model projections indicate that a reduction in the oxygen inventory of the global ocean, termed ocean deoxygenation, is a likely consequence of on-going anthropogenic warming. Current models are, however, unable to consistently reproduce the observed trends and variability of recent decades, particularly within the established tropical OMZs. Here, we conduct a series of targeted hindcast model simulations using a state-of-the-art global ocean biogeochemistry model in order to explore and review biases in model distributions of oceanic oxygen. We show that the largest magnitude of uncertainty is entrained into ocean oxygen response patterns due to model parametrization of p CO 2 -sensitive C : N ratios in carbon fixation and imposed atmospheric forcing data. Inclusion of a p CO 2 -sensitive C : N ratio drives historical oxygen depletion within the ocean interior due to increased organic carbon export and subsequent remineralization. Atmospheric forcing is shown to influence simulated interannual variability in ocean oxygen, particularly due to differences in imposed variability of wind stress and heat fluxes. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Ocean ventilation and deoxygenation in a warming world’.

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Nazarenko, Larissa, Tessa Sou, Michael Eby, and Greg Holloway. "The Arctic ocean-ice system studied by contamination modelling." Annals of Glaciology 25 (1997): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500013732.

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The Arctic represents a relatively pristine frontier that is vulnerable to pollution. Substances originating at mid latitudes are transported to the Arctic by atmospheric processes, ocean currents and rivers. These pollutants can accumulate in the Arctic environment. Testing of nuclear weapons, dumping of waste and operation of ships, and nuclear power plants also pose threats.To investigate possible pollutant pathways we used a multi-level primitive-equation ocean model, coupled to a dynamic-thermodynamic sea-ice model. Coupling included conservative transfer of momentum, heat and fresh water. Atmospheric forcing (wind stress, temperature, humidity, radiation and heat fresh-water fluxes) was supplied by datasets or bulk formulae. Open lateral-boundary conditions for the ocean model were supplied either by datasets (temperature and salinity) or from a larger-scale ocean model (momentum). Two integrations were compared — one used a centred-difference advection scheme and viscous damping, while the other used a better representation of an advection scheme and a sub-gridscale eddy parameterization.Tracer simulations showed (1) the importance of good representation of numerical advection, and (2) the role of eddy interacting with sea-floor topography (the neptune effect).

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Nazarenko, Larissa, Tessa Sou, Michael Eby, and Greg Holloway. "The Arctic ocean-ice system studied by contamination modelling." Annals of Glaciology 25 (1997): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0260305500013732.

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The Arctic represents a relatively pristine frontier that is vulnerable to pollution. Substances originating at mid latitudes are transported to the Arctic by atmospheric processes, ocean currents and rivers. These pollutants can accumulate in the Arctic environment. Testing of nuclear weapons, dumping of waste and operation of ships, and nuclear power plants also pose threats.To investigate possible pollutant pathways we used a multi-level primitive-equation ocean model, coupled to a dynamic-thermodynamic sea-ice model. Coupling included conservative transfer of momentum, heat and fresh water. Atmospheric forcing (wind stress, temperature, humidity, radiation and heat fresh-water fluxes) was supplied by datasets or bulk formulae. Open lateral-boundary conditions for the ocean model were supplied either by datasets (temperature and salinity) or from a larger-scale ocean model (momentum). Two integrations were compared — one used a centred-difference advection scheme and viscous damping, while the other used a better representation of an advection scheme and a sub-gridscale eddy parameterization.Tracer simulations showed (1) the importance of good representation of numerical advection, and (2) the role of eddy interacting with sea-floor topography (the neptune effect).

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Chen, D., R. Gerdes, and G. Lohmann. "A 1-D atmospheric energy balance model developed for ocean modelling." Theoretical and Applied Climatology 51, no. 1-2 (1995): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00865537.

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Budd, W. F., Xingren Wu, and P. A. Reid. "Physical characteristics of the Antarctic sea-ice zone derived from modelling and observations." Annals of Glaciology 25 (1997): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500013707.

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Antarctic sea ice plays a key role in the present climate system, providing a regulating balance between the atmosphere and ocean heat fluxes, as well as influencing the salt fluxes and deep water formation over the continental shelves. The severe winter environmental conditions of the Antarctic sea-ice zone make it difficult to observe many of the physical characteristics in a comprehensive way. The inter-relations between the variables mean that much can be learnt from the observations of some features along with detailed numerical modelling of the whole system and the interactions between the variables. This study therefore aims to use numerical modelling of the atmosphere, sea ice and surface mixed-layer ocean in the sea-ice zone, together with observations to simulate a comprehensive range of parameters and their variability through the annual cycle to provide a basis for further observations and model validation for the present climate.The model includes a coupled atmospheric general circulation model with an interactive dynamic and thermodynamic sea-ice model and surface mixed-layer ocean. The deep ocean and ocean surface conditions outside the sea-ice zone are constrained to the present mean climate conditions to ensure no climatic drift. The sca-ice model is similar to previous published versions, bill has refined schemes for partitioning of the freezing of frazil ice within the leads and under the ice floes, and for rafting. These perform well in both polar regions with the same physics. The model simulates the annual cycle of atmospheric and sea-ice features well in comparison with data from the global atmospheric analyses, the satellite sensing of sea ice, and the limited in situ surface observations.The output from the model also includes: all components of the heart fluxes, atmospheric profiles and surface temperatures for air, ice and ice-ocean mixtures, open-water fractions, surface snow and snow-ice depths, and the sea-ice convergence-divergence and drift. The comparison of these features with additional observations provides a means for further validating the model and representing the present climate more closely.

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Budd, W. F., Xingren Wu, and P. A. Reid. "Physical characteristics of the Antarctic sea-ice zone derived from modelling and observations." Annals of Glaciology 25 (1997): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0260305500013707.

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Antarctic sea ice plays a key role in the present climate system, providing a regulating balance between the atmosphere and ocean heat fluxes, as well as influencing the salt fluxes and deep water formation over the continental shelves. The severe winter environmental conditions of the Antarctic sea-ice zone make it difficult to observe many of the physical characteristics in a comprehensive way. The inter-relations between the variables mean that much can be learnt from the observations of some features along with detailed numerical modelling of the whole system and the interactions between the variables. This study therefore aims to use numerical modelling of the atmosphere, sea ice and surface mixed-layer ocean in the sea-ice zone, together with observations to simulate a comprehensive range of parameters and their variability through the annual cycle to provide a basis for further observations and model validation for the present climate.The model includes a coupled atmospheric general circulation model with an interactive dynamic and thermodynamic sea-ice model and surface mixed-layer ocean. The deep ocean and ocean surface conditions outside the sea-ice zone are constrained to the present mean climate conditions to ensure no climatic drift. The sca-ice model is similar to previous published versions, bill has refined schemes for partitioning of the freezing of frazil ice within the leads and under the ice floes, and for rafting. These perform well in both polar regions with the same physics. The model simulates the annual cycle of atmospheric and sea-ice features well in comparison with data from the global atmospheric analyses, the satellite sensing of sea ice, and the limited in situ surface observations.The output from the model also includes: all components of the heart fluxes, atmospheric profiles and surface temperatures for air, ice and ice-ocean mixtures, open-water fractions, surface snow and snow-ice depths, and the sea-ice convergence-divergence and drift. The comparison of these features with additional observations provides a means for further validating the model and representing the present climate more closely.

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Farneti, R., and G. K. Vallis. "An Intermediate Complexity Climate Model (ICCMp1) based on the GFDL flexible modelling system." Geoscientific Model Development 2, no. 2 (2009): 73–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2-73-2009.

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Abstract. An intermediate complexity coupled ocean-atmosphere-land-ice model, based on the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) Flexible Modelling System (FMS), has been developed to study mechanisms of ocean-atmosphere interactions and natural climate variability at interannual to interdecadal and longer time scales. The model uses the three-dimensional primitive equations for both ocean and atmosphere but is simplified from a "state of the art" coupled model by using simplified atmospheric physics and parameterisation schemes. These simplifications provide considerable savings in computational expense and, perhaps more importantly, allow mechanisms to be investigated more cleanly and thoroughly than with a more elaborate model. For example, the model allows integrations of several millennia as well as broad parameter studies. For the ocean, the model uses the free surface primitive equations Modular Ocean Model (MOM) and the GFDL/FMS sea-ice model (SIS) is coupled to the oceanic grid. The atmospheric component consists of the FMS B-grid moist primitive equations atmospheric dynamical core with highly simplified physical parameterisations. A simple bucket model is implemented for our idealised land following the GFDL/FMS Land model. The model is supported within the standard MOM releases as one of its many test cases and the source code is thus freely available. Here we describe the model components and present a climatology of coupled simulations achieved with two different geometrical configurations. Throughout the paper, we give a flavour of the potential for this model to be a powerful tool for the climate modelling community by mentioning a wide range of studies that are currently being explored.

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Sundarambal, P., P. Tkalich, and R. Balasubramanian. "Modelling the effect of atmospheric nitrogen deposition on marine phytoplankton in the Singapore Strait." Water Science and Technology 61, no. 4 (2010): 859–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.357.

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Atmospheric deposition is an important source of nutrients to the ocean, potentially stimulating primary production, but its relative effect on coastal eutrophication remains largely unknown. This paper presents data generated by the 3-D modelling program NEUTRO to assess the proportion of atmospheric nutrient fluxes, allowing a quantification of the relative contribution of atmospheric and ocean fluxes in the Singapore Strait. This work included an assessment of the importance of high concentration episodic inputs of nitrate-nitrogen associated with transport of polluted air onto the surface water. The NEUTRO model features a nutrient-fuelled food web composed of nutrients, plankton, and dissolved oxygen dynamics. Model simulations show that atmospheric deposition fluxes alone might contribute nitrate-nitrogen mass up to 15% into the Singapore Strait. This amount might be a significant contributor toward regional eutrophication when the system is under nutrient-depleted conditions. Model calibrations for temporal and spatial variability of nutrients qualitatively and quantitatively agreed with available measurements.

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Ziegel, Eric R., and H. Jean Thiebaux. "Statistical Data Analysis for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences." Technometrics 38, no. 2 (1996): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1270430.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ocean-atmospheric modelling"

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Budin, Garry R. "An intermediate model of the tropical oceans and the atmosphere." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.276560.

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Hansingo, Kabumbwe. "Sea surface temperature anomalies in the South Indian ocean : observations and atmospheric modelling." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4860.

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Bibliography: leaves 146-155.<br>Sea surface temperature (SSTs) variations in the South Indian Ocean have been found to influence rainfall over Southern Africa. As one of the modes of South Indian Ocean SST variability, the subtropical South Indian Ocean dipole is observed to be associated with dry and wet summer conditions over Southern Africa. The positive phase of the subtropical South Indian Ocean dipole is characterized by warm SST anomalies in the southwest South Indian Ocean and cool SST anomalies in the southeast. This phase is associated with above average summer rainfall over the subcontinent. The negative phase is associated with dry conditions over Southern Africa and is characterized by cool SST anomalies in the southwest and warm anomalies in the southeast South Indian Ocean. In order to investigate the atmospheric response over Southern Africa to this phenomenon, this study uses the MM5 regional climate model in which the model is forced with a warm pole SST anomaly south of Madagascar.

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Ponte, Rui Vasques de Melo. "Observations and modelling of deep equatorial currents in the central Pacific." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/58499.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Joint Program in Oceanography (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 1988.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 178-180).<br>Analysis of vertical profiles of absolute horizontal velocity collected in January 1981, February 1982 and April 1982 in the central equatorial Pacific as part of the Pacific Equatorial Ocean Dynamics (PEQUOD) program, revealed two significant narrow band spectral peaks in the zonal velocity records, centered at vertical wavelengths of 560 and 350 stretched meters (sm). Both signals were present in all three cruises, but the 350 sm peak showed a more steady character in amplitude and a higher signal-to-noise ratio. In addition, its vertical scales corresponded to the scales of the conspicuous alternating flows generically called the equatorial deep jets in the past (the same terminology will be used here). Meridional velocity and vertical displacement spectra did not show any such energetic features. Energy in the 560 sm band roughly doubled between January 1981 and April 1982. Time lagged coherence results suggested upward phase propagation at time scales of about 4 years. East-west phase lines computed from zonally lagged coherences, tilted downward towards the west, implying westward phase propagation. Estimates of zonal wavelength (on the order of 10000 km) and period based on these coherence calculations, and the observed energy meridional structure at this vertical wavenumber band, seem consistent, within experimental errors, with the presence of a first meridional mode long Rossby wave packet, weakly modulated in the zonal direction. The equatorial deep jets, identified with the peak centered at 350 sm, are best defined as a finite narrow band process in vertical wavenumber (311-400 sm), accounting for only 20% of the total variance present in the broad band energetic background. At the jets wavenumber band, latitudinal energy scaling compared well with Kelvin wave theoretical values and a general tilt of phase lines downward towards the east yielded estimates of 10000-16000 km for the zonal wavelengths.<br>by Rui Vasques de Melo Ponte.<br>Ph.D.

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Keenlyside, Noel S. 1974. "Improved modelling of zonal currents and SST in the tropical Pacific." Monash University, Dept. of Mathematics and Statistics, 2001. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/9072.

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Bala, Subrahamanyam D. [Verfasser]. "Observational and Modelling Studies of the Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer over the Tropical Indian Ocean during INDOEX / D. Bala Subrahamanyam." München : GRIN Verlag, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1190001713/34.

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Pillar, Helen. "Sensitivity of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation to surface forcing." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:42366dc7-e699-4349-95d2-89a97033d957.

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The determination of the mechanisms setting the strength and structure of the large scale circulation is a fundamental and long-standing problem in physical oceanography. In this thesis, we seek to explore the mechanisms contributing to the steady state and variability of the large scale flow, with a focus on better understanding the dynamics of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). In the first part of this thesis, we explore the linear sensitivity of the monthly mean subtropical AMOC to surface fluxes of buoyancy and momentum. Our approach is to use a numerical adjoint. Key insights are provided into the memory of the AMOC to historic atmospheric forcing. We find that significant memory to wind forcing is confined to timescales of less than a year. In contrast, we identify significant memory to surface buoyancy forcing spanning multi-decadal timescales and characterised by a large scale oscillation in the sign of sensitivity between the eastern and western North Atlantic basin. An important result is that to understand the origins of seasonal variability in the modelled AMOC, we must examine the response to a multidecadal history of atmospheric forcing. In the second part of this thesis, a new tool is presented that enables a clean diagnosis of the force balance controlling the circulation regime for a Boussinesq fluid. Specifically, the tool is based on the development of the "rotational momentum" equations and sets of scalar "velocity potentials" and analogous "force functions". The latter allow the projection of all forces onto the acceleration of the vertical shears and external modes of overturning to be visualised in isolation. The rotational momentum decomposition is applied to the modelled circulation in idealised Atlantic and global configurations of the MITgcm, with a focus on elucidating the dynamics of the simulated AMOC. We discuss the key role played by the rotational buoyancy forcing right on the western boundary.

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Suprenand, Paul Mark. "Investigations for utilizing pteropods as bioindicators of environmental change along the western Antarctic Peninsula." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4588.

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Pteropods are holoplanktonic gastropod molluscs found globally. Although species diversity is greater at lower latitudes, species abundance is greater at temperate and polar latitudes. Declines in pteropod populations have not only been correlated to declines of their major predators, but pteropods have also been used as bioindicators of global environmental changes such as ocean acidification. With high latitude abundances, pteropods provide significant sustenance for species such as the Atlantic salmon in the Atlantic Ocean and Pleuragramma antarcticum in the Southern Ocean. Because pteropods eat phytoplankton and other pteropods, factors that affect pteropod abundance influence many trophic levels. This dissertation explores ecological, physiological and trophodynamic relationships of pteropods when considering the influences of environmental factors observed to be altering the western Antarctic Peninsula's marine ecosystem. Over the last few decades very few studies have reported the distributions of pteropods along the western Antarctic Peninsula, in particular south of the Gerlache Strait. The ecological study provided the first detailed report of the pteropods Spongiobranchaea australis and Clione antarctica along the western Antarctic Peninsula south of the Gerlache Strait, and their local distribution was correlated to the region's major water masses and mesoscale water mass circulation. The physiological study of S. australis and C. antarctica yielded the first account of their metabolism, ratios of oxygen consumed to nitrogen excreted, proximate body composition, primary substrates oxidized, and enzymatic activities along the study's latitudinal gradient; the first report of S. australis' physiology anywhere around Antarctica. The final chapter utilized a comprehensive Ecopath with Ecosim model of the western Antarctic Peninsula's marine ecosystem. The model was used to explore the trophodynamic significance of pteropods within their polar marine ecosystem as well as changes in whole ecosystem trophodynamics by employing various climate change scenarios expected to alter the Peninsula's marine ecosystem over the next 40 years. The sum of these studies provides a foundation for exploring pteropods as bioindicators of environmental change along the western Antarctic Peninsula, a region currently experiencing considerable climate anomalies.

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Weaver, Andrew John. "Numerical and analytical modelling of oceanic/atmospheric processes." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27560.

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Two problems in oceanic/atmospheric modelling are examined in this thesis. In the first problem the release of fresh water from a midlatitude estuary to the continental shelf is modelled numerically as a Rossby adjustment problem using a primitive equation model. As the initial salinity front is relaxed, a first baroclinic mode Kelvin wave propagates into the estuary, while along the continental shelf, the disturbance travels in the direction of coastally trapped waves but with a relatively slow propagation speed. When a submarine canyon extends offshore from the estuary, the joint effect of baroclinicity and bottom relief provides forcing for barotropic flow. The disturbance now propagates along the shelf at the first coastally trapped wave mode phase speed, and the shelf circulation is significantly more energetic and barotropic than in the case without the canyon. For both the experiments with and without a canyon an anticyclonic circulation is formed off the mouth of the estuary, generated by the surface outflow and deeper inflow over changing bottom topography. As the deeper inflow encounters shallower depth, the column of fluid is vertically compressed, thereby spinning up anticyclonically due to the conservation of potential vorticity. This feature is in qualitative agreement with the Tully eddy observed off Juan de Fuca Strait. A study of the reverse estuary (where the estuarine water is denser than the oceanic water) shows that this configuration has more potential energy available for conversion to kinetic energy than the normal estuary. Bass Strait may be considered as a possible reverse estuary source for the generation of coastally trapped waves. Model solutions are compared with field observations in the Bass Strait region and with the results of the Australian Coastal Experiment. The effects of a wider shelf and a wider estuary are examined by two more experiments. For the wider shelf, the resulting baroclinic flow is similar to that of the other runs, although the barotropic flow is weaker. The wide estuary model proves to be the most dynamic of all, with the intensified anticyclonic circulation now extending well into the estuary. In the second problem the effect of the horizontal structure of midlatitude oceanic heating on the stationary atmospheric response is examined by means of a continuously stratified model and a simple two level model, both in the quasigeostrophic β-plane approximation. Solutions are obtained for three non-periodic zonal heating structures (line source, segmented cosine, and segmented sine). Little difference is observed between the solutions for these two different models (continuously stratified and two level). There are two cases which emerge in obtaining analytic solutions. In case 1, for large meridional wavenumbers, there exists a large local response and a constant downstream response. In case 2, for small meridional wavenumbers, the far field response is now sinusoidal. A critical wavenumber separating these two cases is obtained. The effect of oceanic heating on the atmosphere over the Kuroshio region is examined in an attempt to explain the large correlations observed between winter Kuroshio oceanic heat flux anomalies, and the winter atmospheric surface pressure and 500 & 700 mb geopotential heights, both upstream and downstream of the heating region. In both models, the response is consistent with the observed correlations. When western North Pacific heating and eastern North Pacific cooling are introduced into the models, a large low pressure response is observed over the central North Pacific. This feature is in excellent agreement with the observed correlations. A time dependent, periodic, two level model (with and without surface friction) is also introduced in order to study the transient atmospheric response to oceanic heating. The height at which the thermodynamic equation is applied is found to be crucial in determining the response of this model. When the heating is entered into the model near to the surface, unstable modes are prevalent sooner than they would be when the heat forcing is applied at a higher level. As in the steady state models, two cases dependent on the meridional wavenumber ɭ emerge in the analysis. For small scale meridional heating structures (large ɭ), the response consists of an upper level high and a lower level low which propagate eastward with time. For large scale meridional heating structures (small ɭ) the response essentially consists of a wavenumber 3-4 perturbation superimposed on the solution for large ɭ.<br>Science, Faculty of<br>Mathematics, Department of<br>Graduate

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Gan, Jianping 1962. "Upper ocean modelling in Baie des Chaleurs." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=28752.

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An eddy-resolving upper ocean model is developed to study the dynamics and thermo-dynamics of Baie des Chaleurs (BdC, 47.5-48.5N, 65.5-66.5W), Gulf of St. Lawrence (GSL), Canada. The model has primitive equation dynamics with two active layers embedded with a Kraus-Niiler type mixed layer model at the top.<br>Forced by observed wind, atmospheric heat fluxes, river runoff and appropriate remote forcing (in particular, the Gaspe Current, GC), the model demonstrates that the mean cyclonic general circulation pattern in the bay is a consequence of the intrusion of the GC. In the mixed layer, atmospheric heat fluxes and horizontal thermal advection play a key role in the thermal balance at the eastern part of the bay. The local mixed layer fluctuations are controlled by wind and GC induced divergence. The entrainment (and its corresponding heat flux) is important at the western part of the bay and changes the mean mixed layer depth on a time scale of more than a week. Varying GC intensified the flow variations induced by the wind in the bay and improved simulation results as compared with observations.<br>Sensitivity runs are conducted to study the effects of external forcing, important physical processes and the internal physical parameterisation on the model results and to compare these with the main model run. Experiments show that nonlinearity is very important in determining the circulation pattern in the bay. Changing external thermal forcing also modifies dynamical processes in the BdC. The fluctuations in the near surface temperature are mainly due to latent and sensible heat changes. The parameter study indicates that, the model is not overly sensitive to changes in most of the parameters, but suggests that sensitivity of the mixed layer physical parameters depends on the dynamical and thermodynamic system applied.<br>Hydrographic and current meter data are used first to study the variability of both the dynamics and thermodynamics in the BdC and its relation to the separation/intrusion of the unsteady GC. A numerical model is then applied to gain insight into the problem. The time scales of interest range from tidal to seasonal.<br>The results show that the kinetic energy in the BdC is dominated by the semi-diurnal tide (M$ sb2$) and periods of 5-10 days for high and low frequency bands, respectively. Most of the energy in the low frequency band is found to be induced by wind-related forcing.<br>Both observations and model results indicate that seasonal variations in the BdC are strongly related to the characteristics of separation/intrusion of the GC, which is mainly controlled by its transport magnitude as well as phase, duration and strength of its acceleration (or deceleration). The separation occurs when (adverse) vorticity having an opposite sign from that existing upstream is generated near the separation area. Although the separation can be generated in a decelerating GC, it can also occur in an accelerating GC when the GC is strong enough to advect upstream vorticity necessary to form a recirculation and the related adverse vorticity downstream. Nonlinearity is critical to the separation. Nevertheless, separation can be generated in a linear current with strong deceleration. The GC intrudes either along the coastline (attachment) into the bay by a non-separated GC or following the separation of the GC (reattachment). Effects of various physical processes on the separation/intrusion and variability of eddies in the BdC are examined.

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Hobe, Marc von. "The behaviour of carbonyl sulphide in the ocean : field and modelling studies." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323224.

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Books on the topic "Ocean-atmospheric modelling"

1

E, Schlesinger M., ed. Physically-based modelling and simulation of climate and climatic change. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1988.

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Helsinki, Finland) Workshop on Modelling of the Marine-Atmospheric Boundary Layer (1998. Proceedings: Workshop on Modelling of the Marine-Atmospheric Boundary Layer : Helsinki, 7-8 December 1998. Finnish Institute of Marine Research, 1999.

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Kevin, Hamilton, and Wataru Ohfuchi 1963-, eds. High resolution numerical modelling in the atmosphere and ocean. Springer, 2008.

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High resolution numerical modelling in the atmosphere and ocean. Springer, 2008.

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1956-, Hamilton Kevin, and Ohfuchi Wataru 1963-, eds. High resolution numerical modelling of the atmosphere and ocean. Springer, 2008.

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1956-, Hamilton Kevin, and Ohfuchi Wataru 1963-, eds. High resolution numerical modelling of the atmosphere and ocean. Springer, 2008.

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Kevin, Hamilton, and Wataru Ohfuchi 1963-, eds. High resolution numerical modelling in the atmosphere and ocean. Springer, 2008.

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(Editor), Kevin Hamilton, and Wataru Ohfuchi (Editor), eds. High Resolution Numerical Modelling of the Atmosphere and Ocean. Springer, 2007.

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Søren, Larsen, Fiedler Franz, Borrell Peter, and GSF-Forschungszentrum für Umwelt und Gesundheit, eds. Exchange and transport of air pollutants over complex terrain and the sea: Field measurements and numerical modelling : ship, ocean platform and laboratory measurements. Springer, 2000.

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(Editor), Soren E. Larsen, Franz Fiedler (Editor), and Peter Borrel (Editor), eds. Exchange and Transport of Air Pollutants over Complex Terrain and the Sea: Field Measurements and Numerical Modelling; Ship, Ocean Platform and Laboratory ... of Pollutants in the Troposphere). Springer, 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "Ocean-atmospheric modelling"

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McGregor, John L., and Martin R. Dix. "An Updated Description of the Conformal-Cubic Atmospheric Model." In High Resolution Numerical Modelling of the Atmosphere and Ocean. Springer New York, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-49791-4_4.

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Mcgregor, John L., and Martin R. Dix. "The CSIRO Conformal-Cubic Atmospheric GCM." In IUTAM Symposium on Advances in Mathematical Modelling of Atmosphere and Ocean Dynamics. Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0792-4_25.

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Baer, F., Joe Tribbia, and Mark Taylor. "Global and Regional Atmospheric Modeling Using Spectral Elements." In IUTAM Symposium on Advances in Mathematical Modelling of Atmosphere and Ocean Dynamics. Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0792-4_6.

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Noda, Akira, Shoji Kusunoki, Jun Yoshimura, Hiromasa Yoshimura, Kazuyoshi Oouchi, and Ryo Mizuta. "Global Warming Projection by an Atmospheric General Circulation Model with a 20-km Grid." In High Resolution Numerical Modelling of the Atmosphere and Ocean. Springer New York, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-49791-4_7.

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Burk, Stephen D., Tracy Haack, and Richard M. Hodur. "Orographically Forced Variability in the Coastal Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer." In IUTAM Symposium on Advances in Mathematical Modelling of Atmosphere and Ocean Dynamics. Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0792-4_11.

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Gluhovsky, Alexander, and Christopher Tong. "Low-Order Models of Atmospheric Dynamics with Physically Sound Behavior." In IUTAM Symposium on Advances in Mathematical Modelling of Atmosphere and Ocean Dynamics. Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0792-4_17.

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Hamilton, Kevin. "Numerical Resolution and Modeling of the Global Atmospheric Circulation: A Review of Our Current Understanding and Outstanding Issues." In High Resolution Numerical Modelling of the Atmosphere and Ocean. Springer New York, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-49791-4_1.

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Dolman, Han. "Biogeochemistry and Climate." In Biogeochemical Cycles and Climate. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198779308.003.0003.

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This chapter focuses on tools for climate research: biogeochemical observations and models. It discusses physical climate observations, such as temperature and humidity, and in situ observations of atmospheric composition. Turning these into reliable climate records appears to be non-trivial. The chapter describes how isotopes are used to get insight into biogeochemical processes. A special category of observations is biogeochemical proxy observations, used to gain insight into geological processes when no direct observations are possible. The example of climate proxy observations, such as those obtained via ice cores, is described. Models are increasingly used to gain insight into sensitivity of climate to changes in the forcing. Earth system modelling has become increasingly complex over the last two decades, including often detailed biogeochemical processes in the ocean and on land. The parametrization of these remains an important research subject. Inverse modelling is being used to identify sources and sinks of greenhouse gases.

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Archer, D. "Modelling carbon dioxide in the ocean: A review." In Developments in Atmospheric Science. Elsevier, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-5117(98)80029-3.

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Boer, G. J. "Chapter 2 Modelling The Atmospheric Response to the 1982/83 el Niño." In Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Models. Elsevier, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0422-9894(08)70698-6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Ocean-atmospheric modelling"

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Starchenko, Alexander V., Andrey A. Bart, Nikolay N. Bogoslovskiy, Evgeniy A. Danilkin, and Mariya V. Terenteva. "Mathematical modelling of atmospheric processes above an industrial centre." In 20th International Symposium on Atmospheric and Ocean Optics: Atmospheric Physics, edited by Oleg A. Romanovskii. SPIE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2075164.

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Bart, A. A., and A. V. Starchenko. "Modelling of urban air pollution by anthropogenic and biogenic source emissions." In 20th International Symposium on Atmospheric and Ocean Optics: Atmospheric Physics, edited by Oleg A. Romanovskii. SPIE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2075132.

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Egorov, O. V., and O. K. Voitsekhovskaya. "Modelling vibrational-rotational interactions in intensities of v2band of H2O by Pade approximants." In 20th International Symposium on Atmospheric and Ocean Optics: Atmospheric Physics, edited by Oleg A. Romanovskii. SPIE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2075108.

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Argunov, Vyacheslav V. "Modelling consideration of amplitude variations of signals of lightning discharges with the availability of disturbances in the earth-ionosphere waveguide." In XXII International Symposium Atmospheric and Ocean Optics. Atmospheric Physics, edited by Gennadii G. Matvienko and Oleg A. Romanovskii. SPIE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2249034.

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Popova, Valeria V. "Structure of the atmospheric circulation variability over Northern Hemisphere extratropical zone according to the observation and modelling data." In 26th International Symposium on Atmospheric and Ocean Optics, Atmospheric Physics, edited by Gennadii G. Matvienko and Oleg A. Romanovskii. SPIE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2575610.

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Vanem, Erik, and Elzbieta M. Bitner-Gregersen. "Modelling Long-Term Trends in Significant Wave Height and its Potential Impacts on Ship Structural Loads." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-10023.

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This paper presents the results from a statistical model for significant wave height in space and time. In particular, various model alternatives were applied to extract long-term temporal trends towards the year 2100. Future projections of the North Atlantic ocean wave climate based on two of these alternatives are presented, i.e. an extrapolated linear trend and trends based on regression on atmospheric levels of CO2 and assuming future emission scenarios proposed by IPCC. It is further explored how such future trends can be related to the structural load calculations of ships. It will be demonstrated how the estimated future trends can be incorporated in joint environmental models to yield updated environmental contour lines that take possible changes in the ocean wave climate into account. In this way, the impact of climate change on the wave climate can be accounted for in stress and loads calculations and hence in the structural dimensioning of ships and offshore installations. The proposed approach is illustrated by an example showing the potential impact of the estimated long-term trends in the wave climate on the wave-induced structural loads of an oil tanker. Results indicate that the impact may be far from negligible, and that this may need to be considered in the future when performing loads calculations.

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Lucas, C., M. Bernardino, and C. Guedes Soares. "Relation Between Atmospheric Circulation Patterns in the North Atlantic and the Sea States in the Iberian Peninsula." In ASME 2020 39th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2020-18654.

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Abstract A statistical analysis of significant wave height (Hs) in eight locations offshore Portugal continental coast is performed. Specifically, locations at different water depths at Aguçadoura, Leixões, Nazaré, Peniche, Sines and Faro were chosen. The spectral and parametric information from these points used in this analysis was obtained from 21-year hindcast simulations using the spectral wave model SWAN. The modelling of the climatic variability of directional spectra provides reliable information of the most relevant parameters at these locations, i.e., how the spectral parameters and their probability of occurrence change in the regions studied. The occurrences of spectral classes are estimated, and for each class, the variability of the spectral parameters is described by means of joint distributions. The classification of the different sea states provides important information about the wave conditions present in the target areas. A relation between the sea states and the Lamb weather types (WTs), a methodology for classifying atmospheric circulation patterns, is presented in this study. The results of this study provide a description of the wave climate, through the interaction between the sea states and weather patterns, relating different circulation patterns to different sea states. This study provides useful information on the wave conditions that can be used in the design of ocean engineering structures, in the assessment of the operability and safety of shipping and renewable energy devices.

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Babanin, Alexander V. "Change of Regime of Air-Sea Dynamics in Extreme Metocean Conditions." In ASME 2018 37th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2018-77484.

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As a reference point for the extreme Metocean conditions, the hurricane-scale classification is often used: that is a tropical storm becomes a hurricane if the wind speed reaches U ∼ 33m/s. In this paper, it is argued that such classification is not arbitrary, and indeed signifies change of the physical regimes in all environments near the air-sea interface: in the atmospheric boundary layer, at the surface, and through the upper ocean. This threshold is approximately the wind speed at which the drag coefficient was found to saturate in the field observations (U10 ≈ 32–33m/s), which saturation has received a lot of attention. Less known are the observations that below the surface, change of the upper-ocean mixing mechanism and of bubble dynamics occur at U10 > 35m/s. Directly at the surface, wave dynamics also undergoes essential transformations, from wave breaking (dissipation) being driven by evolution of nonlinear waves, to the breaking being forced directly by the winds, at U10 ≈ 34 m/s. It is therefore argued that the simultaneous change of physical regime in all the three air-sea environments cannot be coincidental, and consequences of the regime change for the Metocean modelling are discussed. As an important byproduct, parameterisation of wave-breaking probability is obtained in terms of the mean symmetry of surface waves. Such parameterisation allows us to estimate frequency of breaking events, based on time series of surface elevations, without explicitly detecting the breaking waves.

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Rusu, Liliana, Mariana Bernardino, and C. Guedes Soares. "Influence of the Wind Fields on the Accuracy of Numerical Wave Modelling in Offshore Locations." In ASME 2008 27th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2008-57861.

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The influence of the wind field resolution in the accuracy of the wave predictions is studied using spectral numerical models in highly non-stationary situations. The main area of interest is the port of Sines, located in the Portuguese continental coastal environment south of Lisbon. An implementation of the MM5 atmospheric model was developed for the area of study, starting from a large area of the Atlantic Ocean and nesting successively with finer grid towards the point of interest, so as to provide wind fields with increasing level of detail. The SWAN model was forced with wind fields simulated by different models and with different resolutions. A wave rider type directional buoy located offshore the Sines port at approximately 100 meters water depth was used as check point. In a first approach, two different wind fields simulated by REMO and MM5 were considered for forcing the SWAN based transformation module. Both wind fields have a spatial resolution of 0.5 degrees and were obtained using the global NCEP reanalysis data as wind driver. Initial wave boundary conditions are provided by WAM simulations for the entire North Atlantic basin. Afterwards, three successive SWAN areas were implemented. The three spatial resolutions defined for these SWAN computational domains were 0.05, 0.02 and 0.005 degrees. Corresponding special resolutions for the wind fields produced by MM5 ranged from 0.15 to 0.015 degrees. Simulations were performed from the beginning of December 2000 till the end of February 2001, which is one of the most energetic periods registered close to this coast and the results in terms of significant wave height, mean period and wave direction were compared with the in situ measured data.

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Demetrashvili, Demuri, Vepkhia Kukhalashvili, Diana Kvaratskhelia, and Aleksandre Surmava. "MARINE FORECAST FOR THE EASTERNMOST PART OF THE BLACK SEA." In GEOLINKS Conference Proceedings. Saima Consult Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2021/b1/v3/50.

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Modelling and forecasting of dynamic processes and distribution of various substances of anthropogenic and natural origin in coastal and shelf zones of the seas and oceans are of great interest due to the high anthropogenic load of these zones. The aim of this paper is to present some examples of modelling and short-term forecasting of dynamic fields – the current, temperature and salinity in the easternmost Black Sea covering Georgian sector of the Black Sea and adjacent water area using a high-resolution regional model of the Black Sea dynamics. The z-level regional model is based on a full system of ocean hydro-thermodynamics equations and is nested in the basin-scale model of the Black Sea dynamics of Marine Hydrophysical Institute (Sevastopol). To solve the model equation system, a numerical algorithm based on the splitting method is used. Calculations show that circulation processes in the easternmost water area of the Black Sea are characterized by a permanent alternation of different circulation modes with the formation of mesoscale and submesoscale eddies throughout the year, which significantly affect the formation of thermohaline fields; atmospheric wind forcing substantially determines not only the peculiarities of the sea surface horizontal circulation, also the vertical structure of the current field.

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