Relevant bibliographies by topics / Occupations

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Occupations'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 August 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Occupations"

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Palikhe, Amin, Netra Prasad Subedi, Hari Bahadur Bhandari, and Nabin Bahadur Adhikari. "Causes of Occupational Changes among Dalit Communities of Kaski District." Janapriya Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 10, no. 01 (December 31, 2021): 81–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jjis.v10i01.42612.

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Occupational change from traditionally adopted occupations to new occupations is an increasing trend in the new generation of Nepalese society. And this seems relatively high in the people of Dalit communities. This study aims to investigate the status of occupational change and their causes among the Dalit communities of the Kaski district. This study has conducted by using the quantitative nature of data collected from primary sources with the help of a structured questionnaire. Total 300 head of the household covering 150 from each urban and rural area including 50 each from three Dalit caste groups namely Nepali (Sarki), Pariyar (Damai), and Bishowkarma (Kami) are the sample for this study. The information regarding the occupational change was collected from the head of the household. The study reveals that there is a statistically significant difference in the involvement in a particular occupation in the past and at present. The tendency of abandoning past & caste-based occupation and shifting to new & modern occupation is high (63.33%) among the people of the Dalit communities. While investigating towards causes for occupational change; insufficient for livelihood, low return compares to costs & efforts, lack of skills & knowledge of past occupations, skills & knowledge of other occupations, lack of work for a whole year in traditional occupations, have found as the key causes for the occupational change in the Dalit communities. However, 36.67 percent still involved in past occupations, and the key causes for no change in the past occupations are lack of other skill & knowledge, satisfaction in the past occupation, and lack of capital.
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Torre, Margarita. "Attrition from Male-dominated Occupations." Sociological Perspectives 60, no. 4 (December 23, 2016): 665–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0731121416683160.

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Women in male-dominated occupations remain at a considerable risk of attrition. This study examines both the consequences of being an occupational minority and the effect of occupational attributes on women’s exit from male-dominated occupations. Drawing on prior theories and empirical studies, I argue that women in high-status occupations are better prepared than women in low-status occupations to overcome obstacles derived from their minority status. Using the Current Population Survey data set and the Occupational Information Network database, this study reveals that a greater proportion of males in an occupation increases the probability of exit from low-status occupations, once we account for relevant individual and occupational attributes. Conversely, women employed in high-status occupations are less likely to leave strongly male-dominated occupations. These findings underscore that women’s attrition from male-dominated occupations cannot be adequately explained without considering differences among women at the moment of hiring.
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Redlich Amirav, Dorit, Denise Larsen, and Elizabeth Taylor. "Imbuing Occupations with Spiritual Significance Fosters Experiences of Hope." OTJR: Occupation, Participation and Health 41, no. 3 (January 12, 2021): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1539449220985903.

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In theories of occupational therapy, occupation serves as a conduit for creating meaning and well-being. A crucial component of occupational therapy is developing and maintaining hope of clients during periods of major difficulty. Understanding the relationship between hope and occupation can prove helpful in stressful situations, such as caring for children with chronic illnesses. The aim of the present study was to identify occupations that foster experiences of hope among mothers of adult children with mental illness. A qualitative approach, informed by a constructivist framework and thematic analysis, was used to interpret and explicate relevant occupation-related themes that fostered hope in four mothers. The mother-participants reported engaging in various occupations, yet only occupations that were imbued with spiritual significance fostered experiences of hope. This study brings to the forefront of occupational therapy discourse the issue of spiritual connectedness as a potential link between occupations and hope.
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Keptner, Karen M., and Rachel Rogers. "Competence and Satisfaction in Occupational Performance Among a Sample of University Students: An Exploratory Study." OTJR: Occupation, Participation and Health 39, no. 4 (November 22, 2018): 204–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1539449218813702.

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Success at university may be influenced by concerns with occupation and occupational performance. To understand occupations of concern and occupational performance among a sample ( N = 144) of university students in the Midwest United States, the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure was administered. Socially related ( n = 103), academic-related ( n = 75), and work-related ( n = 64) occupations were the three most frequently reported occupational concerns. Time management ( n = 79) was the most frequent person-level concern. Mean self-perceived competence in occupations was 29.83 ( SD = 7.18) out of 50 and mean performance satisfaction was 26.80 ( SD = 8.01) out of 50. There were no differences in occupational performance across gender, race/ethnicity, class standing, living environment, or work status. However, within participants, there was a significant and clinically relevant difference between performance satisfaction and self-perceived competence in occupation, t(143) = 7.052, p < .0005, d = 0.58. Students have varied occupations that they find important, and future research should explore how occupational performance and performance satisfaction influence university success.
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Xiu, Lin, and Morley Gunderson. "Occupational segregation and the gender earnings gap in China: devils in the details." International Journal of Manpower 36, no. 5 (August 3, 2015): 711–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijm-03-2013-0047.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze the gender earnings gap in China with a focus on the role of differences in the occupational distribution of males and females. Design/methodology/approach – The authors use a procedure to model occupational attainments and decompose differences in earnings into an inter-occupational portion due to differences in the occupational distribution between males and females, and an intra-occupational portion due to differences in pay. The analysis is based on Chinese census data. Findings – The authors find that the male-female pay gap is virtually completely explained by wage discrimination defined as females being paid less than males within the occupation groups based on six broad occupations. Occupational segregation explains virtually none of the overall male-female pay gap, and in fact the “segregation” slightly favors women. However, the picture changes substantially when the analysis is conducted at the more disaggregate sub-occupation level within each of the six broad groups. Wage discrimination remains the prominent contributor to the pay gap across the disaggregated sub-occupations in each of the broad occupations. But there is considerable heterogeneity in the effect of occupational discrimination within the sub-occupations within the different broad occupational groups. Social implications – When females have the same occupation-determining characteristics as men, they are in lower paying sub-occupations within the professional group and to a lesser extent within manufacturing and operations jobs. There is considerable heterogeneity in the effect of occupational discrimination within the sub-occupations in the different broad occupational groups. Originality/value – The paper systematically examines the degree to which the gender earnings gap in China is due to the differences in occupational distributions of males and females, highlighting that the conventional Blinder-Oaxaca decompositions can under- or over- estimate the unexplained portion of the gender pay gap by controlling or not controlling for differences in the occupational distribution of males and females. The paper also shows that previous studies that have examined occupational segregation across aggregate occupational groups can mask important differences in the effect of occupational discrimination within the sub-occupations in the different broad occupational groups.
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Tudor-Locke, Catrine, Barbara E. Ainsworth, Tracy L. Washington, and Richard Troiano. "Assigning Metabolic Equivalent Values to the 2002 Census Occupational Classification System." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 8, no. 4 (May 2011): 581–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.8.4.581.

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Background:The Current Population Survey (CPS) and the American Time Use Survey (ATUS) use the 2002 census occupation system to classify workers into 509 separate occupations arranged into 22 major occupational categories.Methods:We describe the methods and rationale for assigning detailed Metabolic Equivalent (MET) estimates to occupations and present population estimates (comparing outputs generated by analysis of previously published summary MET estimates to the detailed MET estimates) of intensities of occupational activity using the 2003 ATUS data comprised of 20,720 respondents, 5323 (2917 males and 2406 females) of whom reported working 6+ hours at their primary occupation on their assigned reporting day.Results:Analysis using the summary MET estimates resulted in 4% more workers in sedentary occupations, 6% more in light, 7% less in moderate, and 3% less in vigorous compared with using the detailed MET estimates. The detailed estimates are more sensitive to identifying individuals who do any occupational activity that is moderate or vigorous in intensity resulting in fewer workers in sedentary and light intensity occupations.Conclusions:Since CPS/ATUS regularly captures occupation data it will be possible to track prevalence of the different intensity levels of occupations. Updates will be required with inevitable adjustments to future occupational classification systems.
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Yu, Wei-hsin, and Janet Chen-Lan Kuo. "Gender-Atypical Occupations and Instability of Intimate Unions: Examining the Relationship and Mechanisms." Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World 7 (January 2021): 237802312110001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23780231211000177.

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Although social scientists have long been interested in the effects of occupational gender composition on workers, previous research has rarely examined how working in a gender-atypical occupation affects people’s private lives. This study draws on 17 rounds of data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 to investigate how individuals in occupations with varying gender ratios differ in the stability of their intimate unions. The authors also consider various mechanisms that may explain the link between working in a gender-atypical occupation and union instability. Results from random-effects event-history models show that both men and women in gender-atypical occupations experience faster paces of union dissolution than their counterparts in gender-balanced or gender-typical occupations. Female-dominant occupations’ lower pay accounts for a modest portion of the effect of working in female-typed occupations on men’s union instability. By contrast, the more irregular work schedules of male-typed occupations explain a substantial part of why women in such occupations have lower union stability. The remaining associations between occupational gender composition and union instability, we suggest, reflect the tendency for men and women in gender-atypical occupations to undergo greater psychological strain, which in turn increases the difficulty of maintaining intimate relationships.
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Laditka, Sarah, James Laditka, and Ahmed Arif. "Linking Work-Life Occupational Exposures With Distress and Mortality Before and After Retirement." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1425.

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Abstract Mental health problems have surpassed musculoskeletal injuries as causes of work disability. Workers in certain occupations may have high risks for mental health problems and premature death even after retirement. People in high risk occupations for many years may be particularly vulnerable, along with groups with higher health risks such as rural residents. Little research examines their occupation-related risks. No research has examined how occupational exposures affect mental health in retirement. We studied these life course risks using the nationally representative Panel Study of Income Dynamics, following participants 36 years beginning 1981, with annual measures of occupation and distress (n=16,994; 129,880 occupation measures; 415 deaths). We estimated hazards of developing distress in occupations hypothesized to have high and low distress risks, adjusted for factors associated with occupational choice and mental health including age, education, income, race/ethnicity, sex, childhood and midlife health, and family trauma. Compared to low risk occupations, working in high risk occupations was associated with 20% elevated odds of distress (adjusted odds ratio, OR 1.20, 95% confidence interval, CI 1.13 1.28) and 55% elevated risk of death (hazard ratio 1.55, CI 1.11-2.16). Each additional year in a high risk occupation increased the odds by 5%. Rural residents had the highest occupation-related distress risk (adjusted OR 3.05, CI 2.39-3.97). At ages 70+ each additional past exposure year was associated with 2% higher distress risk (p&lt;0.05), and 4.6% higher mortality (p&lt;0.05). Workers in certain occupations have high risks of psychological distress and death, even after retirement.
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Wittlich, Marc. "SS10-03 DATA AND CRITERIA FOR THE PREVENTION OF THE OCCUPATIONAL RISK RELATED TO SOLAR UV RADIATION." Occupational Medicine 74, Supplement_1 (July 1, 2024): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqae023.0098.

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Abstract Introduction Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most common cancer in Western countries. Occupational health prevention must be introduced as a strong instrument in workers protection also with regard to occupational disease issues. To date, criteria for both occupational health prevention and occupational disease are missing and the identification of risk groups has no metric basis. Materials and Methods With GENESIS-UV, we measured the largest data set available to date. Criteria for occupational health prevention were specifically mapped on occupation-specific dosimetric measurements of 45,000 measurement days in 176 occupations and sub-occupations to identify affected occupations. The number of employees affected were elucidated, worldwide. Finally, a direct link to retrospective occupational disease criteria could be established. Results The data set has been published and made available for scientists all over the world. Regarding occupational health prevention, of the 176 occupations and sub-occupations selected for this work, 153 (= 87%) exceed the criterion and thus need special attention. This includes all occupations with annual exposures of more than 150 SED. Employment figures for the EU and the world yield the total number of affected workers to be 36.1 million and more than 500 million, respectively. Conclusions These new criteria for occupational health prevention are valid and in good agreement with international research by WHO and ICNIRP. If applied correctly and consistently, these criteria can prevent occupational disease. It will be possible to identify occupations and sub-occupations that have an urgent need for prevention to avoid chronic skin damage leading to cancer.
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Bontje, Peter, Staffan Josephsson, Yumi Tamura, Yu Ishibashi, Yuki Sakane, Yasuyo Horibe, and Eric Asaba. "Cocreation from Emerging Opportunities: Occupational Therapists’ Perspectives on Supporting Older Persons, in Japan." Occupational Therapy International 2022 (July 21, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5495055.

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Introduction. Practices of occupational therapists, particularly those supporting older persons with physical impairments, remain overly focused on remediating impairments, and implementation of occupation-centered practices remains fraught with difficulties. In Japan, this issue exists across the continuum from acute care to rehabilitation settings and into the community. This is despite the existence of international models and frameworks that place occupation at the core of the profession. Accordingly, there is a need to better understand how occupational therapists respond to the call for occupation-centered practices across the said continuum of care with this population. The aim of this study was at exploring and understanding occupational therapists’ experiences of supporting the resumption of occupations among older persons with physical impairments, in Japan. Methods. Embedded in a constructivist world view, this was a qualitative focus group study. Four focus groups (two in urban areas and one each in rural and semirural areas), consisting of seven or eight occupational therapists with at least three years of relevant practice experience, convened twice to narrate and explore their support of older persons. All were participating voluntarily with confidentiality of their participation being guaranteed by the researchers. They met for a third time to verify emerging analytic results. Data were analysed using a reflective thematic analysis. Results. Identified were three themes, namely, calling forth powers of occupations, imagining client’s future, and cocreating plots, which we synthesized into recurring cocreations from emerging opportunities. Discussion. Supporting the resumption of occupations among older persons with physical impairments hinges on repeated processes of identifying possibilities for occupation, followed by actions to bring these (e.g., images of clients’ future) into reality. Occupations’ healing properties (i.e., occupations’ powers) can be used to assist clients in experiencing health and well-being. The results suggest a reframing of occupational therapy practices as recurring processes of recognizing opportunities for occupation, followed by actions whereby these possibilities are turned into reality. Occupational therapy effectiveness might be enhanced when goals and methods are repeatedly and creatively aligned with the evolving plots cocreated between the client, therapist, and stakeholders.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Occupations"

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Clement, Sarah. "Women's occupational choice and entry into male-dominated occupations." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296410.

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Cortés, Guido Matías. "Essays on the task content of occupations and occupational mobility." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/42796.

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This dissertation studies the effects of technological change on workers' occupational choices and wages, as well as the human capital costs associated with occupational transitions. The first part of the dissertation focuses on the interaction between technological change and tasks. Over the past three decades technological improvements have led to a dramatic reduction in the employment share of occupations with a high content of routine tasks in the United States and other developed countries. This dissertation provides a novel perspective on this phenomenon by focusing on the individual-level effects of this type of technological change in terms of occupational switching patterns and wage changes. I formalize the predicted effects within the context of a model of occupational sorting based on comparative advantage, and I test them using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) from 1976 to 2007. Consistent with the predictions of the model, I find strong evidence of selection on ability in the occupational mobility patterns of workers in routine occupations, with those of relatively high (low) ability switching to non-routine cognitive (non-routine manual) occupations. In terms of wage growth, also consistent with the prediction of the model, workers in routine jobs experience significant declines in their wage premia relative to workers in any other type of occupation. Switchers from routine to either type of non-routine job (cognitive or manual) experience significantly higher wage growth than stayers over long-run horizons. The second portion of the dissertation analyzes the role of the task content of occupations. I develop a measure of task distance between occupation pairs and study its impacts from two different perspectives: At a microeconomic level, I analyze the wage changes for workers experiencing occupational transitions of different distances. At a macroeconomic level, I analyze the impacts of task distance on the aggregate flows of workers across occupations. The aggregate-level evidence suggests that the cost of switching occupations is increasing in distance, but only for switches occurring across broad occupation groups. The individual-level evidence suggests that there is a negative correlation between wage changes and distance, but only for certain subsets of workers.
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Rotolo, Thomas. "Occupational ecology: An evolutionary theory of the social composition of occupations." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187392.

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What accounts for shifts in the social composition of occupational groups? I demonstrate that the previous literature concerning the sociodemographic composition of occupations fails to satisfy a set of five criteria: (1) The Theory criterion (the study must be grounded in theory); (2) The Dynamic criterion (social composition must be examined over time); (3) The Multivariate criterion (multiple sociodemographic variables must be examined); (4) The Measurement criterion (segregation measures should not be used); (5) The System criterion (all types of occupational groups should be considered). This study fulfills these criteria by adapting a general ecological theory of competition from McPherson (1983) to model the social composition of occupations over time. The model assumes that the individual's social network mediates occupational outcomes and that social network ties are homophilous; the probability that any two individuals share a network connection is a function of their similarity. As occupational groups attract new members from existing network ties, these groups develop distinct sociodemographic niches in social space (e.g. in age, education, etc.). If two groups compete for individuals with similar sociodemographic characteristics, then their niches overlap. The competitive mechanism generates three testable dynamic hypotheses about shifts in the social composition of occupational groups. The first dynamic hypothesis posits that occupations move their niches (attract new associates with different sociodemographic characteristics) in response to competitive pressures produced from niche overlap (the movement hypothesis). The second dynamic hypothesis suggests that occupations increase and decrease in diversity in response to competitive pressures at the niche edges (the diversity hypothesis). The third dynamic hypothesis predicts that competitive pressures inside the niche produce growth and decline in occupational size (the growth hypothesis). I test the hypothesis with the Current Population Survey Annual Demographic Files, 1972-1989. I examine changes in movement, dispersion, and size in unidimensional social space (age and education), and multidimensional social space (age-race, age-sex, education-race, education-sex, and age-education for movement and dispersion only). I test the model in two separate time series (1972-1982 and 1983-1989), using two different occupational classification schemes. The data strongly support the movement and growth hypotheses.
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Reed, Kirk. "Resituating the meaning of occupation in the context of living." Click here to access this resource online, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/398.

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This study explores the meaning of occupation, defined as a “conceptual entity… [which] includes all the things that people do in their everyday life” (Sundkvist & Zingmark, 2003, p. 40). Using a phenomenological hermeneutic method informed by the writings of Martin Heidegger (1889-1976) and Hans-Georg Gadamer (1900-2002), this study provides an understanding of the meaning of occupation interpreted from the perspective of 12 New Zealand adults who experienced a disruption to their occupations. The review of the literature suggests that early writers from the time of the Bible identified that occupation is not ‘wide open’, there are many factors that shape how and when a person engages in an occupation, which in turn shapes the meaning of occupation. Within the occupational therapy literature, discussion of the meaning of occupation is overshadowed by describing and defending practice. In occupational science scholars and researchers have focused largely on understanding occupation from a conceptual perspective rather than the ontological meaning of occupation. The exploration of the meaning of occupation is being advanced by only a few. In this study participants told their stories about their occupations. Data were analysed by indentifying key themes and engaging in a hermeneutic thinking process of going back to the work of Heidegger and Gadamer. Writing and re-writing was the method used to bring new understandings to the data. The findings of this thesis suggest that the meaning of occupation is complex, and tends to remain hidden. Analysis focuses on the call, Being-with, and possibilities. The call to occupation seems to be in response to what it is we care about or what concerns us. Being-with others while engaging in an occupation creates a bond and mood; the meaning of occupation changes depending on who the occupation is done with or without. The meaning of occupation is also revealed in the possibilities that are opened up or closed down. Occupation shows both ourselves and others what it is we are capable of in the journey of who it is we are becoming. Each of these facets of meaning work in unison and can be likened to three cogs in a wheel, each interconnected with the others. The thesis concludes by recognising that not all voices have been heard and argues for uncovering more about the meaning of occupation from the perspective of lived experience. A challenge is made to consider the meaning of occupation not as something that is individually derived but as something that is connected to the broader context of the world and others in the world.
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Swift, Henry Spencer. "The spatial clustering of occupations." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/90134.

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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Economics, 2014.
"June 2014." Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 42-44).
Workers in similar occupations cluster, much like firms in similar industries. This may be due to firm clustering, but I propose a supply-side mechanism that may also provide an explanation. When workers face a risk of separation from a particular job, they will consider the other jobs available in a particular area in their location decision. Based on this theory I make three predictions. Workers will tend to cluster in areas where their skills are in high demand. They will be paid less in these areas, ceteris paribus. And demand shocks will affect workers' wages less, and employment more, in areas where their skills are in high demand. I test this mechanism using data from the decennial U.S. Census. I use O*NET data on occupational tasks to construct a measure of occupational distance. I then estimate labor supply curves to determine to test the predictions of the theory. I do not find substantial evidence for this mechanism.
by Henry Spencer Swift.
S.M.
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Lindstedt, Helena. "Daily Occupations in Mentally Disordered Offenders in Sweden : Exploring Occupational Performance and Social Participating." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-6231.

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The major aim was to explore perceived daily occupations in mentally disordered offenders (MDO) through occupational performance (OP) and social participation (SP) with descriptive, comparative and longitudinal designs. The 74 consecutively included MDOs were visited onsite for data collection. The following assessments were used: Capability to Perform Daily Occupation, Self-efficacy Scale, Importance scale, Allen Cognitive Level Screen, Interview Schedule for Social Interaction, Manchester Short Assessment of Quality of Life, Psycho/social and Environmental Problems, Global Assessment of Functioning Scale, assessment of Support and Service for Persons with Certain Functional Impairments and Karolinska Scales of Personality. Background factors were assembled from the individual forensic psychiatric investigation. The results indicate that MDOs had contradictive problems in OP, SP and lack of disability awareness. The MDOs and professionals had different appraisals of the MDOs’ OP and SP. Schizophrenic MDOs need substantial support for community dwelling. MDOs with psychopathic personality traits had more problems during upbringing, however, no perceived problems in OP and SP compared to the remaining group. Low Socialization, high Anxiety and psychopathy personality traits partially influenced perceived OP and SP. After one year of forensic psychiatric care, 60 % were still hospitalized and 32 % were community dwelling. Changes after one year of care consisted of higher satisfaction of OP and SP, 1/36 subject valued daily occupations higher and 5/36 subjects reported better social interaction. Although, there are some methodological weaknesses in this thesis (e.g. high attrition rate), the unique results should be taken into consideration. It is concluded that MDOs’ appraisal of their own capability has to be taken seriously in treatment and care. Also long treatment periods, targeting daily occupations from start and providing substantial individual support are necessary for successful transition into community dwelling for MDOs. This thesis contributes to extended knowledge of the MDOs’ daily occupations.

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Lindstedt, Helena. "Daily occupations in mentally disordered offenders in Sweden : exploring occupational performance and social participating /." Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-6231.

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Brown, Robert S. (Robert Stephen) 1973. "Contingent [re]occupations : residual urban morphologies." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/64909.

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Thesis (M.Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2001.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 65-67).
This thesis aims at establishing a dialogs between urban algorithms and individual space in Boston's Back Bay. Using the vehicle of typology as a basis, unit alteration and reprogramming are explored as urban systems. The design implications of introducing these altered forms of domestic morphology into existing urban housing environments are the basis of this thesis. Titled by this proposal as "secondary occupations," it is into the site of Boston's Back Bay as a collective prototype that these proposals of domesticity are placed. The basis of research is a mapping of the development of the Back Bay in terms of the "individual". This rationalization starts at the scale of the housing unit or cell, then the building, the block, and ultimately the district. Secondarily, the reintroduction of the contemporary inhabitant into this region is analyzed in terms of its possible occupation and use. At the urban scale, existing structuring rules of the city form are determined through mapping locational factors and development patterns. The alteration and analysis of these patterns becomes a locational and programmatic tool for future occupancy. Through this mapping, a series of derivative interventions in the urban fabric emerge. These are based on the primary usages of work/domesticity through which the individual inhabits the city. Urban issues of public vs. private and ownership vs. concurrency become the languages of this occupation. Programmatically, these occupations mediate the constraints of the automobile and existing visual fields. Typologically, the morphological systems of the Back Bay become reoccupied by secondary structures of flexible spaces and movable domestic prototypes.
by Robert S. Brown, III.
M.Arch.
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DeWitt, James E. "Math requirements to perform selected occupations." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40329.

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Mukuni, Joseph Siloka. "Portability of Technical Skills Across Occupations." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37513.

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In the literature, much has been reported about skill shortages in the labor market and many solutions have been suggested but most of them do not appear to work well for developing countries. This study investigated the place of portable technical skills as an option for addressing skill shortages, particularly in developing countries. The objective of the study was to determine whether different occupations have portable technical skills, which graduates of workforce development programs can carry with them as they transfer from one occupation to another. Although in the literature the importance of portable skills has been recognized, research has tended to focus on the portability of soft skills such as communication and problem-solving. This study is unique in that in addition to soft skills, it explores the existence and usefulness of portable technical skills such as maintenance of equipment and use of hand tools. The study methodology comprised analysis of documents followed by focus group discussions with instructors and employers. The researcher examined competency lists drawn from three different occupational clusters, taking three occupations in each cluster. Analysis of correlation between pairs of occupations in each cluster revealed the existence of portable technical skills within occupational clusters. For example, within the Mechanical Engineering cluster, there were 504 technical skills that Fitting and Machining had in common. Furthermore, the study discovered 152 technical skills that were portable across all the occupations in the sample. According to an instructorsâ focus group, one of the pedagogical implications of the findings of this study was that training institutions could promote inter-disciplinary collaboration through joint preparation of syllabi and team-teaching. An employersâ focus group confirmed that portable technical skills have long been used effectively and efficiently in the Informal Micro-Enterprise sector and training providers should, therefore, promote the teaching of portable technical skills with special emphases on entrepreneurship development to make students more flexible in their career development. In addition to policy recommendations for the promotion of portable technical skills, the study recommends that further studies should be done to determine the full extent of portable technical skills across a wider range of occupations.
Ph. D.
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Books on the topic "Occupations"

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Prediger, D. J. Linking occupational attribute preferences to occupations. Iowa City, Iowa: American College Testing Program, 1996.

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Catherine, Meriano, and Latella Donna, eds. Occupational therapy interventions: Function and occupations. Thorofare, NJ: SLACK, 2008.

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Catherine, Meriano, and Latella Donna, eds. Occupational therapy interventions: Function and occupations. Thorofare, NJ: SLACK, 2008.

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Jennings, Chris. Occupations. Gibsons, BC: Nightwood Editions, 2012.

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United States. Bureau of Labor Statistics, ed. 1991 occupational compensation survey: Definitions of occupations. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1991.

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Vansickle, Timothy R. Occupational attributes differentiating Holland's occupational types, job families, and occupations. Iowa City: American College Testing Program, 1991.

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Information, Nebraska Labor Market, ed. Affirmative Action 1993, detailed occupational listings, 512 occupations. Lincoln, Neb: Nebraska Dept. of Labor, Labor Market Information Center, 1993.

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Texas. Occupations code. [St. Paul, MN]: Thomson/West, 2004.

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Ontario. Ministry of Municipal Affairs. Research and Special Projects Branch., ed. Home occupations. Toronto, Ont: Research and Special Projects Branch, Ministry of Municipal Affairs, 1987.

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1925-, Lopata Helena Znaniecka, and Henson Kevin D. 1963-, eds. Unusual occupations. Stamford, Conn: JAI Press, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Occupations"

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Billett, Stephen. "Occupations." In Vocational Education, 83–109. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1954-5_4.

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O’Malley, L. S. S. "Occupations." In Indian Caste Customs, 122–36. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003383857-7.

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Mackenzie, Lynette. "Occupation Analysis and Leisure Occupations." In Occupation Analysis in Practice, 115–30. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118786604.ch8.

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Lambert, Paul, and Dave Griffiths. "Networked Occupations." In Social Inequalities and Occupational Stratification, 187–208. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-02253-0_7.

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Szende, Peter, Suzanne Markham Bagnera, and Danielle Clark Cole. "Tainted occupations." In Human Resource Management in Hospitality Cases, 109–10. New York : Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351233316-32.

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Ilič, Melanie. "Restricted Occupations." In Women Workers in the Soviet Interwar Economy, 130–48. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230375567_9.

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Naylor, Michael. "Impacted Occupations." In Insurance Transformed, 297–319. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63835-5_11.

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Risby, Bonnie Lou, and Jean Thornley. "Family Occupations." In Connections, 1. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003233794-1.

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Schöllgen, Gregor. "Activities and Occupations." In A Conservative Against Hitler, 67–77. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21757-1_7.

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Henry, Donald O. "The Qalkhan Occupations." In Prehistoric Cultural Ecology and Evolution, 215–42. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2397-7_9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Occupations"

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Lindström, Irmeli, Jussi Lantto, Satu Soini, Katri Suuronen, Hille Suojalehto, and Kirsi Karvala. "Risk occupations of irritant-induced occupational asthma." In ERS International Congress 2020 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2020.3163.

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Suleman, Abdul, Fátima Suleman, and Filipa Cunha. "Employability skills of graduates:Insights from job advertisements." In Sixth International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head20.2020.11029.

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This paper examines online job advertisements to identify the type of skills and other attributes required for higher education graduates in European countries. The data were collected from European job websites in 2019 (n=1,752) for any country and occupation having a job offer requiring higher education. The empirical analysis starts with a fuzzy clustering to identify typical skill patterns required by employers. Six clusters emerge from the data; five can be labelled as adaptability skills, foreign languages, specific skills, work attributes, and managing skills. The remaining one is referred to as null cluster with no distinctive required skill. Subsequently, we examine the occupation and employment conditions associated with each fuzzy cluster. Despite the demand for graduates, the service and sales related occupations prevail in the null cluster. In other five well-defined clusters we find a mix of skills of some high-qualified occupations, and search for specific skills acquired through work experience.The findings raise the question about the assignment of graduates in less qualified occupations.
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Shen, Junyi, Guyue Tang, and Shinichi Koyama. "Negative attitudes towards robots vary by the occupation of robots." In 9th International Conference on Kansei Engineering and Emotion Research (KEER2022). Kansei Engineering and Emotion Research (KEER), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/conference-9788419184849.53.

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The "negative attitudes towards robots scale" (NARS) has been widely applied in the field of robot-human interaction. However, the various occupations and roles of robots have not been discussed when studying negative attitudes towards robots. This study explores whether the occupation of robots could influence people's negative attitudes towards them. For the first time, two types of robots that may be widely used were used in a NARS-related study. We conducted online questionnaire research, covering three separate parts: negative attitudes towards robots, negative attitudes towards service robots, and negative attitudes towards security robots. The results of the online survey collected from 114 participants (54 females and 60 males) highlighted differences among the scores of people's negative attitudes towards service robots and the negative attitudes towards robots or security robots. People showed the lowest negative attitudes towards service robots. There were no significant differences between the negative attitudes towards robots and security robots. This study supports the hypothesis that people show different levels of negative attitudes towards different types of robots in terms of occupational division. These results provide a helpful indicator for the study and design of robots in various occupations in the robotics industry.
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Johnson, Chris A. "Occupational Psychophysics: Establishing Job-Related Vision Requirements." In Vision Science and its Applications. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/vsia.1995.sud1.

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A number of occupations have established vision standards or requirements that must be met by job applicants. Many of these vision requirements have either been adapted from military standards, from expert opinions of vision specialists, or from a historical precedent of undetermined origin. Only a few occupational vision standards have been based on research directed towards empirically-defined measures of performance (Giannoni, 1981; Good and Augsburger, 1987; North, 1993, Sheedy, 1980). With the recent advent of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), it has now been mandated that physical requirements for specific occupations must be based on validation studies that pertain to performance of essential job functions. Expert opinion is no longer sufficient to justify or defend occupational standards for vision.
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Celestino, Nicole Kauane Rodrigues. "The use of games to increase performance occupational therapy of adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)." In II INTERNATIONAL SEVEN MULTIDISCIPLINARY CONGRESS. Seven Congress, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/homeinternationalanais-062.

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Abstract Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is characterized by "a persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development." (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 2014, p. 59). According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (2014, p. 59) the inattention present in ADHD manifests itself "as rambling on tasks, lack of persistence, difficulty maintaining focus, and disorganization. In adults, these symptoms significantly affect occupational performance, leading to difficulties performing occupations that are "necessary activities that people need, want, and are expected to do" (World Federation of Occupational Therapists, 2012a, p. 2). Most have difficulty staying in their jobs, inconstancy in relationships, and when performing adult responsibilities, these instabilities can interfere with and cause feelings of frustration and guilt (Children and Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, 2022). Occupational performance is characterized as "the achievement of the selected occupation resulting from the dynamic transaction between the client, the context and environment, and the activity or occupation" (American Occupational Therapy Association, 2015, p. 14). In this case the games aim to provide strengthening of the ability to perform these actions, working the executive functions, the "executive functions (EF) refer to the ability to engage in goal-oriented behavior, performing voluntary and self-organized actions" (CAPOVILLA; ASSEF; COZZA, 2007, p. 1).
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Chen, Xi, Chuan Qin, Zhigaoyuan Wang, Yihang Cheng, Chao Wang, Hengshu Zhu, and Hui Xiong. "Pre-DyGAE: Pre-training Enhanced Dynamic Graph Autoencoder for Occupational Skill Demand Forecasting." In Thirty-Third International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-24}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2024/222.

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Occupational skill demand (OSD) forecasting seeks to predict dynamic skill demand specific to occupations, beneficial for employees and employers to grasp occupational nature and maintain a competitive edge in the rapidly evolving labor market. Although recent research has proposed data-driven techniques for forecasting skill demand, the focus has remained predominantly on overall trends rather than occupational granularity. In this paper, we propose a novel Pre-training Enhanced Dynamic Graph Autoencoder (Pre-DyGAE), forecasting skill demand from an occupational perspective. Specifically, we aggregate job descriptions (JDs) by occupation and segment them into several timestamps. Subsequently, in the initial timestamps, we pre-train a graph autoencoder (GAE), consisting of a semantically-aware cross-attention enhanced uncertainty-aware encoder and decoders for link prediction and edge regression to achieve graph reconstruction. In particular, we utilize contrastive learning on skill cooccurrence clusters to solve the data sparsity and a unified Tweedie and ranking loss for predicting the imbalanced distribution. Afterward, we incorporate an adaptive temporal encoding unit and a temporal shift module into GAE to achieve a dynamic GAE (DyGAE). Furthermore, we fine-tune the DyGAE with a two-stage optimization strategy and infer future representations. Extensive experiments on four real-world datasets validate the effectiveness of Pre-DyGAE compared with state-of-the-art baselines.
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Lothrop, Jonathan C., James W. Bradley, Meredith H. Younge, and Susan Winchell-Sweeney. "PALEOINDIAN OCCUPATIONS IN CENTRAL NEW YORK." In 51st Annual Northeastern GSA Section Meeting. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016ne-272353.

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McGovern, Karalyn. "Parent STEM Occupations and STEM Persistence." In 2021 AERA Annual Meeting. Washington DC: AERA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/1682696.

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Soares, Pâmela Bianca dos Santos, Lílian Kathleen Martins Filgueira, Vitória Leite Monteiro Fortes, Camila de Oliveira Ribamar, and Sarah Raquel Almeida Lins. "Occupational Therapy: the emergence of the profession from occupational disease." In II INTERNATIONAL SEVEN MULTIDISCIPLINARY CONGRESS. Seven Congress, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/homeinternationalanais-014.

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Abstract Occupational Therapy (T.O) is a higher-level profession regulated through Decree-Law No. 938/1969 and had its council founded together with physiotherapy in 1975, named the Federal Council for Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy (COFFITO). This professional category in the health area is focused on the prevention and treatment of subjects who have affective, cognitive, perceptual, and psychomotor alterations, resulting or not from disorders, traumas, or acquired diseases that affect their performance in carrying out their occupations. It is a profession with more than 50 years of existence, and that has extreme relevance in society, which justifies the importance of more dissemination of its objectives and focuses of action.
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Jackson, Melody Moore, Yash Kshirsagar, Thad Starner, Clint Zeagler, Giancarlo Valentin, Alex Martin, Vincent Martin, et al. "FIDO - facilitating interactions for dogs with occupations." In the 17th annual international symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2493988.2494334.

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Reports on the topic "Occupations"

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Knepper, Lisa, Darwyyn Deyo, Kyle Sweetland, Jason Tiezzi, and Alec Mena. License to Work: A National Study of Burdens from Occupational Licensing. Edited by Ángel Carrión-Tavárez. Institute for Justice, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53095/13583001.

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This document is a compendium of License to Work: A National Study of Burdens from Occupational Licensing, 3rd Edition published by the Institute for Justice. License to Work provides an updated snapshot of licensing’s breadth and burdens for 102 lower-income occupations across all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and, in a first for this edition, Puerto Rico. It also presents an overview of major changes in licensing requirements for the 102 occupations that have been tracked since the 2017 edition. The compendium is focused on Puerto Rico and features all the information on occupational licenses on the Island included in the report. The purpose is to provide readers with a quick reference guide on the situation of occupational licenses in Puerto Rico.
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Schuh, Rachel. Miss-Allocation: The Value of Workplace Gender Composition and Occupational Segregation. Federal Reserve Bank of New York, March 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.59576/sr.1092.

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I analyze the value workers ascribe to the gender composition of their workplace and the consequences of these valuations for occupational segregation, tipping, and welfare. To elicit these valuations, I survey 9,000 U.S. adults using a hypothetical job choice experiment. This reveals that on average women and men value gender diversity, but these average preferences mask substantial heterogeneity. Older female workers are more likely to value gender homophily. This suggests that gender norms and discrimination, which have declined over time, may help explain some women’s desire for homophily. Using these results, I estimate a structural model of occupation choice to assess the influence of gender composition preferences on gender sorting and welfare. I find that workers’ composition valuations are not large enough to create tipping points, but they do reduce female employment in male-dominated occupations substantially. Reducing segregation could improve welfare: making all occupations evenly gender balanced improves utility as much as a 0.4 percent wage increase for women and a 1 percent wage increase for men, on average.
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Cuberes, David, Florencia Saravia, and Marc Teignier. Gender Gaps in STEM Occupations in Costa Rica, El Salvador and Mexico. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004578.

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This paper documents the existence of significant gender gaps in STEM occupations in Costa Rica, El Salvador, and Mexico and estimates the aggregate costs associated with these gaps in Mexico. For Mexico we calibrate and simulate a version of the general equilibrium occupational choice model of Hsieh et al. (2019) to estimate the output losses associated with these differences since 1992. We find that if barriers in STEM occupations were eliminated aggregate output would have been between 1% and 10% larger, depending on the year. If female-specific social norms were also eliminated, the rise in aggregate output would be between 1.4% and 14%. For comparison purposes, we also compute the gains of eliminating all the distortions in high-skilled occupations as well as in all occupations. We find that aggregate output would rise between 16.5% and 3.6% in the first case and between 36.7% and 12% in the latter.
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Walsh, Brendan, and Karina Doorley. Occupations and Health. ESRI, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26504/bp202303.

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The relationship between health and employment status continually shows that individuals who work have lower levels of illness and higher self-reported health. This study examines how self-reported health and objective measures of health (multimorbidity and mental health problems) differ across employment status and occupations among adults of working age (25-65 years). In addition, the study examines how public health coverage – medical card and GP visit card (GPVC) – and private health coverage (PHI), and lack thereof, differ across occupations. Overall, individuals not in employment have much lower rates of self-reported health and higher rates of illness. In particular, mental health problems are three times higher among unemployed individuals across all age groups. Examining workers separately, differences in health status across occupations are small. However, rates of health coverage differ considerably across occupations. In general, occupations associated with poorer health status tend to have the highest percentages of workers without a medical card/GPVC or PHI. This affects workers’ ability to access lower cost or free healthcare, including for the purpose of certified sick leave.
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Bonilla-Mejía, Leonardo, Luz Adriana Flórez, Didier Hermida, Francisco Javier Lasso-Valderrama, Leonardo Fabio Morales, Juan José Ospina--Tejeiro, and José Pulido. Is the Covid-19 Pandemic Fast-Tracking Automation in Developing Countries? Evidence from Colombia. Banco de la República, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1209.

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This paper assesses whether the Covid-19 pandemic accelerated automation in developing countries. We studied the case of Colombia, a country with low R&D and productivity and with high labor informality and unemployment. We estimated event-study models to assess the differential effect of the pandemic on job openings and salaried employment by the potential degree of automation of each occupation. Our results suggest that both vacancies and salaried employment fell more in highly automatable occupations during the pandemic and have since experienced a slower recovery. The effect of the pandemic on automation is mostly driven by sectors that were affected by mobility restrictions. We also found heterogeneous effects by age and gender. The acceleration of automation is mainly affecting the labor market for females and individuals over the age of 40. Finally, we explored the differential effect on occupations with wages around the minimum wage. We found that occupations with wages close to the minimum wage exhibit the highest effect, especially at the onset of the pandemic.
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Case, R., J. Alabakis, K.-A. Bowles, and K. Smith. Suicide prevention in high risk occupations. The Sax Institute, June 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/zfla9501.

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This review aimed to provide a summary of suicide prevention programs/interventions targeting specific occupations and key enablers for their effectiveness. It aimed to identify which occupations in NSW have higher rates of suicide and prevention programs/interventions targeting these groups which of these have been effective in reducing suicide risk. Particularly high rates of suicide risk were found among farmers, construction workers, emergency services personnel, veterinarians, entertainers and artists, and those in the transport industry. However, evidence on the effectiveness of preventive programs/interventions targeting high risk occupations is limited. The review concludes that there is an urgent need for high quality research into the effectiveness of such programs/interventions to guide future government spending in this area.
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Chopra, Anand, Michael Devereux, and Amartya Lahiri. Pandemics Through the Lens of Occupations. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, September 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w27841.

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Lally, Clare. COVID-19 and occupational risk. Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.58248/rr07.

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Some occupational groups have experienced higher rates of both COVID-19 infections and related deaths. Many people who work within these groups are involved in caring for people or patients that are more likely to be infected, or have otherwise been unable to work from home during the peaks of transmission. Which occupations have been most affected, what factors are contributing to this risk and are some sectors of the population being impacted more than others?
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Fabio Morales, Leonardo, Eleonora Dávalos, and Raquel Zapata. Estimating Vacancy Stocks from Aggregated Data on Hires: A Methodology to Study Frictions in the Labor Market. Banco de la República de Colombia, April 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1228.

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We develop a methodology that recovers an estimate of the average stock of vacancies using the information on aggregated hires. We show that our prediction of the vacancy stock is unbiased, and it captures well the level and the dynamics of the United States job opening positions reported in the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey. We use the methodology to predict vacancies in Colombia for formal and informal salaried workers; together with unemployment, we estimate Beveridge curves and matching functions by occupations, which allows us to study the nature of the efficiency, frictions, and mismatches for different occupations. We find that the formal labor market of technicians is the most inefficient of them all; this inefficiency comes from the mismatch between the abilities of the workers and the requirement of the vacancies. Reducing friction in this occupation will require education and job-oriented training policies. In contrast, the frictions in the market for unskilled workers come from informational lacks. The reductions of friction, in this case, will come from better intermediation and active search policies.
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Hazarika, Darshana. Mudige Arun Kumar. World Wide Journals, February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36106/ijar/8406946.

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Any personal injury, sickness, or death caused by an employment accident is referred to as an occupational injury.These hazards can be categorized as physical (accidents and injuries),biological(diseases like inuenza, HIV, Anthrax etc.),psychological(stress, anxiety, depression) , chemical hazards (exposure to acids and pesticides), and environmental hazards(unsafe drinking water, inadequate sanitation, hazardous healthcare waste, etc).Occupational injuries are more widespread among workers in numerous sectors, factories, and health-care organizations and they constitute a critical worldwide health issue affecting the majority of people in various occupations. As a result, the current review sought to evaluate the prevalence, pattern, and risk factors of occupational hazards experienced by workers in a variety of situations.Searches for relevant articles were conducted in four electronic databases using a broad range of search terms.
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