Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Occupational therapy'
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1
Pollard, Nicholas. "Occupation in occupational therapy : a political perspective." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2013. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/17029/.
Abstract:
Occupational therapy is broadly about the experience of ‘doing’ as the basis of human participation. This requires access to the means of participation: space, facilities and resources for different forms of human action. People who have experienced disability are frequently prevented from engaging in activities which other people can access, and can benefit from. Their rights to social participation at all levels are restricted, and this is a political aspect of their impairment - something that is recognized in feminist discourse in the recognition of the relationship between the personal and the political. Consequently rehabilitation has a dimension which is not just about restoring or adapting function, but also about addressing the social and political circumstances which produce barriers to occupation. The submitted works discuss a rights based approach to human occupation, which in turn derives from a narrative understanding of ‘doing’ as an individual and collective expression of actions. My most significant and original contributions to occupational therapy and occupational science concern the development of an argument for the understanding of a political dimension to human occupation. These works are accompanied by research papers which evidence some aspects of my theories. In its concentration on clinical and medically led objectives the profession has infrequently recognized the relationship between health conditions and the wider issues of social and economic disparities. Part of my work has called attention to the systematic nature of exclusions which prevent access to meaningful and purposeful occupation, and calls for therapists to work with their clients not only in terms of traditional intervention, but to address them through political alliance.
2
Reed, Kirk. "Resituating the meaning of occupation in the context of living." Click here to access this resource online, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/398.
Abstract:
This study explores the meaning of occupation, defined as a “conceptual entity… [which] includes all the things that people do in their everyday life” (Sundkvist & Zingmark, 2003, p. 40). Using a phenomenological hermeneutic method informed by the writings of Martin Heidegger (1889-1976) and Hans-Georg Gadamer (1900-2002), this study provides an understanding of the meaning of occupation interpreted from the perspective of 12 New Zealand adults who experienced a disruption to their occupations. The review of the literature suggests that early writers from the time of the Bible identified that occupation is not ‘wide open’, there are many factors that shape how and when a person engages in an occupation, which in turn shapes the meaning of occupation. Within the occupational therapy literature, discussion of the meaning of occupation is overshadowed by describing and defending practice. In occupational science scholars and researchers have focused largely on understanding occupation from a conceptual perspective rather than the ontological meaning of occupation. The exploration of the meaning of occupation is being advanced by only a few. In this study participants told their stories about their occupations. Data were analysed by indentifying key themes and engaging in a hermeneutic thinking process of going back to the work of Heidegger and Gadamer. Writing and re-writing was the method used to bring new understandings to the data. The findings of this thesis suggest that the meaning of occupation is complex, and tends to remain hidden. Analysis focuses on the call, Being-with, and possibilities. The call to occupation seems to be in response to what it is we care about or what concerns us. Being-with others while engaging in an occupation creates a bond and mood; the meaning of occupation changes depending on who the occupation is done with or without. The meaning of occupation is also revealed in the possibilities that are opened up or closed down. Occupation shows both ourselves and others what it is we are capable of in the journey of who it is we are becoming. Each of these facets of meaning work in unison and can be likened to three cogs in a wheel, each interconnected with the others. The thesis concludes by recognising that not all voices have been heard and argues for uncovering more about the meaning of occupation from the perspective of lived experience. A challenge is made to consider the meaning of occupation not as something that is individually derived but as something that is connected to the broader context of the world and others in the world.
3
Björklund, Anita. "On the structure and contents of occupational therapist paradigms : empirical studies of occupational therapy students' and occupational therapists' views on occupational therapy /." Stockholm, 2000. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2000/91-628-3986-1/.
4
Skubik-Peplaski, Camille L. "ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES ON OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY PRACTICE." UKnowledge, 2012. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/rehabsci_etds/23.
Abstract:
Rehabilitation hospitals serve to foster a client’s independence in preparation to return home after an injury or insult. Having space in rehabilitation environments that is home-like and supportive for each client can facilitate participation in occupations and assist in learning and practicing the skills needed to transition to home. Yet, typically occupational therapists provide interventions to clients in therapy gyms with exercise and impairment based equipment. Currently the stroke population is changing and identifying the optimal rehabilitation environment is imperative to guide occupational therapy practice. This dissertation contains three studies relating to the rehabilitation environment and occupational therapy interventions. The first study focused on the perceptions of occupational therapists regarding their optimal rehabilitation environment, identifying that they would prefer to offer their clients a variety of rehabilitation environments and that there is a relationship between the environment and the type of intervention provided. A second study examined the effects of occupation-based interventions provided in a home-like environment to an individual recovering from chronic stroke with the results indicating enhanced occupational performance, resumed competence in desired roles, improvement in affected upper extremity function, and notable neuroplastic change. The final study investigated how the rehabilitation environment influenced the interventions used by the occupational therapists. The findings supported the relationship between the therapy environment and a specific intervention; working in the therapy gym with preparatory methods and being in a home-like space using occupation-based interventions. The environment influenced occupational therapy interventions and it is recommended that the occupational therapist match the client’s goals to the ideal environment for optimal intervention.
5
Youngson, Annabel. "An occupational therapy perspective on diabetes." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2016. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/80090/.
Abstract:
The incidence of diabetes in the United Kingdom is increasing and its impact on health and social care costs is significant, with considerable personal consequence for the individual with diabetes. Current approaches to managing or preventing diabetes include education, self management and lifestyle change but the evidence suggests that some people are unwilling or unable to make lifestyle changes recommended for better health and wellbeing. This qualitative study examined the potential role of occupational therapy, with its focus on individual and daily occupations, to enable people with diabetes to manage this condition in the context of their own lives. Using a process of intuitive inquiry, it comprised three separate studies all using semi-structured interviews. The first, designed to explore the lived experience of diabetes, involved seven people with a diagnosis of type 1, type 2 or pre-diabetes. Findings were shared with participants using a felted metaphor of charting a course of health and well-being through a choppy sea. The second study involved ten occupational therapists with type 1, type 2, gestational or pre-diabetes and examined the use of metaphor as a means of understanding the lived experience. In addition the potential role of occupational therapy was explored with participants. Using knowledge gained from studies 1 and 2, the third study involved five people with type 2 diabetes and used metaphor as a means of exploring difficulties and successes in diabetes self management. All three studies were then drawn together to consider the use of metaphor and the potential role of occupational therapy in diabetes self management. From the findings a model of the occupation of diabetes self-management is proposed along with a framework for occupational therapy intervention in diabetes self-management that focuses on the professional belief of the impact of occupation on health and wellbeing and considers the individual in their particular life context.
6
McLean, Cassie M. "Therapeutic Alliance in Pediatric Occupational Therapy." Wittenberg University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wuhonors1617637354771075.
7
D'Oliveira, Jenna. "Occupation-centred practice : perspectives of occupational therapists working in acute mental health care." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/78424.
Abstract:
Introduction: The prevalence of mental disorders is rising across the world and in South Africa driving the need for effective, occupation-centred practice in acute mental health care. In the acute setting, however, many occupational therapists experience challenges to practising in an occupation-centred manner. Occupation though remains the core construct of occupational therapy and occupational therapists everywhere are being urged to rediscover the power of occupation and embrace, develop, and maintain an occupation-centred practice.
Aim: This study aimed to describe occupation-centred practice from the perspective of occupational therapists working in acute mental health care, in and around the City of Tshwane, South Africa.
Methodology: A qualitative, explorative, descriptive design was used. Through maximum variance purposeful sampling nineteen participants were recruited to two focus groups. Transcriptions were analysed using the six steps of thematic analysis as described by Braun and Clarke to construct themes.
Results: Four themes were constructed namely, 1. The process of occupation-centred practice, 2. Activities enable occupation-centred practice, 3. The theoretical underpinnings of occupation-centred practice and 4. Influencers of occupation-centred practice.
Conclusion: Occupational therapists confirmed the centrality of occupation in their practice and further described occupation-centred practice as a process that entails the use of activities to facilitate experiences. Theoretical constructs that were helpful in guiding occupation-centred practice were highlighted. Influencers were experienced as either supporting or constraining occupation-centred practice. Significance: This study contributes to the evidence base of the profession in South Africa, ensuring that Occupational Therapy maintains its unique role and contribution to acute mental health care.Dissertation (MOccTher)--University of Pretoria, 2020.
Occupational Therapy
MOccTher
Unrestricted
8
Apollis, Josephine Lizelle. "An exploration of undergraduate Occupational therapy students’ perspectives on occupational balance." University of Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7610.
Abstract:
Magister Scientiae (Occupational Therapy) - MSc(OT)Occupational justice empowers individuals, especially the previously disadvantaged, to have their basic needs met, as well as turn their potential into reality, through human rights and labour legislation, which provides access to equal opportunities. However, with the amount of different choices, in terms of occupational roles, facing the individual to fill their time with, effective management thereof to preserve one’s health and well-being on a daily basis, is not necessarily guaranteed. Occupational science, and more specifically, occupational therapy education imparts the importance of occupational balance, a concept which denotes a balance between the person, their environment and their occupations, some of which are strenuous and others relaxing. Occupational balance can be achieved by adapting the physical, mental, social and rests occupations.
9
Estes, Joanne P. "Occupational Therapists' Experiences with Ethical and Occupation-based Practice in Hospital Settings." UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/rehabsci_etds/24.
Abstract:
Changes in health care delivery practices are impacting the provision of care in all venues. Occupational therapists working in hospital settings strive to meet professional mandates for occupation-based practice within a medical-model system. Ethical practice is another aspect of service provision vulnerable to contextual influences. The aims of the two studies reported here were to explore occupational therapists’ experiences with occupation-based practice, and with ethical issues, in hospital settings. Grounded theory methods were employed for both studies. Data were collected via individual, semi-structured interviews with 22 participants for the first study. For the second study, nine participants participated in individual, semi-structured interviews, journaling, and follow up interviews. Data analysis resulted in four emergent themes for each study. The main themes of the first study were Occupation-based practice expresses professional identity; Occupation-based practice is more effective; Occupation-based practice can be challenging in the clinic; and, Occupation-based practice takes creativity to adapt. The four themes of the second study were Anything less would be unethical: Key issues; I trust my gut: Affective dimension of ethical practice; Ethical practice is expected but challenging; and, It takes a village. Occupational therapists negotiate challenges inherent in contemporary hospital-based practice to provide occupation-based services and to practice ethically. Occupation-based practice is perceived to be more effective than biomedical approaches to intervention. Therapists must employ creative strategies to overcome challenges presented by medical-model service delivery contexts in order to provide occupation-based interventions. In comparison to other health care professionals working in adult rehabilitation practice, occupational therapists experience both common and unique ethical issues. A discovery of this study was that occupational therapists also experience ethical tensions related to team members’ and families’ sometimes subtle, and less frequently explicit, requests to falsify recommendations in documentation. Experiences with ethical issues include an inherent affective component in the form of moral distress and a strong sense of caring. The impact of systemic/organizational and relational forces is a reality that contemporary occupational therapists must negotiate in order to provide occupation-based and ethical practice.
10
Edström, Annika. "Betydelsen av spiritualitet : - en litteraturöversikt inom arbetsterapeutisk forskning." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Hälsa och rehabilitering, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-63142.
Abstract:
Syftet med studien är att ge en överblick av begreppet spiritualitet genom att sammanfatta och beskriva det vetenskapliga kunskapsläget inom arbetsterapeutisk forskning. Som metod valdes en litteraturöversikt. I studien ingick 12 vetenskapliga artiklar som var både kvalitativa och teoretiska. Artiklarna söktes i Luleå universitetsbibliotek databaser. Utöver det genomfördes en manuell sökning. Resultatet visar på fyra huvudkategorier med underkategorier. Huvudkategorierna var; Spiritualitet ger mening och mål, Spiritualitet ger support och stöd, Spiritualitet som drivkraft till aktiviteter och Spiritualitet som grund till känslor. Resultatet visar att spiritualitet samspelar med den inre känslan hos en människa och det yttre görandet i en aktivitet. Spiritualitet har betydelse oavsett om trossystem finns eller inte. Slutsatsen av studien visar att spiritualitet är viktigt för människan. Det är av vikt att involvera spiritualitet i klientmötet för arbetsterapeuten eftersom spiritualitet är en viktig del för holism och humanism och som var för sig är grundläggande värdegrund för arbetsterapi.The purpose of the study is to provide an overview of the concept spirituality by summarizing and describing the state of scientific knowledge in occupational therapy research. As method the study was designed as a literature review. The study included 12 scientific articles that were both qualitative and theoretical. Articles were searched in databases of library in Luleå University of Technology. In addition a manual search was conducted. The results show four major categories with subcategories. The main categories were: Spirituality gives meaning and purpose, Spirituality gives support and assistance, Spirituality as a force to activities and Spirituality as a foundation to emotions. The result shows that spirituality interacts with both the inner feeling within a human being and the external performance of an activity. Spirituality is important regardless of whether a belief system exists or not. The conclusion of the study shows that spirituality is important for humans. It is important to involve spirituality in a client meeting for the occupational therapists because spirituality is an important part of holism and humanism and separately is fundamental ideals for occupational.
11
Daremo, Åsa. "Participation in occupational therapy in psychiatric care /." Linköping : Department of Social and Welfare Studies, Linköping University, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-53776.
12
Daremo, Åsa. "Participation in occupational therapy in psychiatric care." Licentiate thesis, Linköping University, Linköping University, Department of Social and Welfare Studies, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-53776.
Abstract:
One of the most important challenges of health and medical care is to strength the role of the patient in the treatment. In psychiatric care the patient must be seen as a resource and should be given the opportunity to participate in his treatment. The overall aim of the thesis was to investigate and describe how patients in psychiatric care perceive participation, and how existing assessments support participation.
Study I describes how patients in psychiatric institutional care perceived their opportunities to be active and to participate in their own treatment. The ICF (International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health) inspired the study. By means of a questionnaire, 61 patients reported their opinions of the value of received care, highlighting concepts such as activity and participation. Ten of those patients were then selected for a semi-structured interview. The study showed that patients who were treated according to compulsory care (LPT) were generally more dissatisfied with their opportunities to be active and participate in their own care than patients treated according to the law of health and medical care (HSL). Younger patients in particular were more dissatisfied. Some important factors in the environment were continuity and reception from the staff. Facilitating factors for activity and participation were agreement between patient and staff about the treatment plan, discussions about expectations, and creating conditions for engagement in activities and or responsibility.
Study II investigates if there is harmony between the CPRS-S-A (Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale-Self-Assessment), the OCAIRS–S (Occupational Circumstances Interview and Rating Scale) and the OSA (Occupational Self Assessment), and if they can replace each other when the occupational therapist collects information about the patient. Another aim was to investigate how occupational therapist uses the collected information in the treatment plan process. Fourteen patients with depression disorders took part in the study. The study showed that even if the symptoms of the disease were improved at the end of the treatment period the patients still had problems with occupational performance, reduced self-confidence and the structure of their day. Consequently the assessments cannot replace each other. The study emphasized the importance of using both interview and self-assessments when collecting information about the patient, since these methods complement each other in identifying the needs and goals of the treatment. Many problems were related to the patient’s social environment but this was not reflected in the treatment plan; few goals were identified in this area.
In conclusion, occupational therapists should use self-assessments and interviews in order to support the patient’s participation in psychiatric care. Furthermore, it is important to use assessments for both occupational performance and medical symptoms when identifying the patient’s needs and goals of treatment since there is a discrepancy between the two areas; symptoms are reduced earlier than perceived problems in occupational performance. Regardless of what kind of law the patient is treated under, all patients have the right to participate in their own treatment. This thesis also shows that the social environment is important in enabling the participation of patients in their psychiatric care.
En av de viktigaste utmaningarna inom hälso- och sjukvården är att stärka patientens ställning i behandlingen. Inom psykiatrisk vård så måste patienten ses som en resurs och ges möjlighet att vara delaktig i sin behandling. Det övergripande syftet med denna avhandling var att undersöka och beskriva hur patienter inom psykiatrisk vård uppfattar delaktighet och hur existerande instrument stödjer delaktighet.
Studie I beskriver hur patienter inom psykiatrisk slutenvård uppfattar sina möjligheter till aktivitet och delaktighet under vårdtiden. ICF (Klassifikation av funktionstillstånd, funktionshinder och hälsa ) inspirerade studien. Genom en enkät svarade 61 patienter på värdet av den vård som de erhöll, där begrepp som aktivitet och delaktighet belystes. Tio patienter valdes sedan ut för en semistrukturerad intervju. Studien visar på att patienter som vårdats utifrån Lagen om Psykiatrisk Tvångsvård (LPT) var generellt mer missnöjda än de patienter som vårdats utifrån Hälso- och Sjukvårdslagen (HSL). Även yngre patienter var mer missnöjda. Några viktiga faktorer i miljön som påverkar möjlighet till delaktighet var kontinuitet och bemötande från personalen. Underlättande faktorer för aktivitet och delaktighet var att det fanns en samstämmighet mellan patient och personal i vårdplaneringen, att förväntningar diskuterades, att förutsättningar till engagemang i aktiviteter gavs och att patienten fick möjlighet att ta eget ansvar.
Studie II undersöker om det finns harmoni mellan CPRS-S-A (Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale-Self-Asessment), OCAIRS-S (Occupational Circumstances Interview and Rating Scale) och OSA (Occupational Self Assessment) och om de kan ersätta varandra när arbetsterapeuten samlar information kring patienten. Ett annat syfte var att undersöka hur arbetsterapeuten använder den insamlade informationen i behandlingsplanen. Fjorton patienter med depressionssjukdom deltog i studien. Studien visar att även om de medicinska symptomen förbättras i slutet av behandlingen så har patienten fortfarande problem i aktivitetsutförande, nedsatt självkänsla och struktur på dagarna. Bedömningsinstrumenten kan inte ersätta varandra. Studien betonar vikten av att använda både intervju och självskattning vid datainsamling kring patienten, då de kompletterar varandra vid identifiering av behov och mål i behandlingen. Många problem var relaterade till patientens sociala miljö, dock saknades detta i behandlingsplanerna; få mål och åtgärder identifierades inom detta område.
Sammanfattningsvis, arbetsterapeuten bör använda självskattningar och intervjuer i syfte att stödja delaktighet inom psykiatrisk vård. Dessutom är det betydelsefullt att använda bedömningsinstrument både för aktivitetsutförande och medicinska symptom för att identifiera patientens behov och mål i behandlingen då det är en diskrepans mellan dessa två områden; medicinska symptomen reduceras tidigare än upplevda problem i aktivitetsutförandet. Oavsett vilken lag som styr vårdformen så har alla patienter rätt till delaktighet i sin egen behandling. Denna avhandling visar också på att den sociala miljön är viktigt för delaktighet för patienter inom psykiatrisk vård.
13
Caldwell, Jennifer E. "Self-assessments skills of occupational therapy students." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10059/610.
Abstract:
Increasingly health workers are expected to self-evaluate within the work-place thus raising the question as to how they develop such skills. To date there has been very little research on self-assessment in higher education courses which prepare health professionals for their future careers. The project aimed to investigate occupational therapy students' self-evaluation skills during their professional education and within their first work-place. This practice based investigation was conducted by a member of academic staff in one of the two centres in Scotland offering a BSc in Occupational Therapy course. Data was collected from two different universities offering the course, the study period was the academic years from 1992 to 1996. Four different research tools were used, a content analysis of relevant course documents was carried out; 113 students and 15 academic staff were surveyed using questionnaires, with regard to their understanding and use of self-assessment within the course; self-grading of academic work by three cohorts of students (n=113) was conducted and fifteen graduates and workplace supervisors health care and social work were interviewed through the use of repertory grid interviews. Self-evaluation was emphasised and strongly, linked to professional development, within the course documents of both universities. Students and academic stab identified clinical placements as the area within which, most commonly selfassessment occurred and developed. Students were generally positive with regard to self-assessment being used within the academic components of the course, however, staff were more hesitant. The students consistently under-rated their academic assessments although the majority were within a five-percent range of the experts' marks. One cohort of students did demonstrate an improvement in self-assessment over the three years but similar trends were not detected with the other two cohorts. The repertory grid interviews produced a large number of constructs (507 constructs). It would appear that graduates are able to self-assess accurately within the work place, as there was high agreement between graduates and supervisors regarding the graduates' skills and abilities. In conclusion this investigation indicates that there are discrepancies between course aims and objectives and the reality of self-assessment in the educational context. Although students have the opportunity to practice self-assessment within the academic situation they are limited in their ability to self-assess accurately. They are, however, very confident at self-assessing within the workplace. This confidence may be linked to the fact that as students self-assessments was practised during the clinical component of the course. There is a need for further research with more cohorts being followed throughout the length of their course and also cohorts within other courses.
14
Olson, Doreen. "Pediatric curriculum content for occupational therapy assistants." Online version, 2000. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2000/2000olsond.pdf.
15
Lee, Siwon, and Anne Cusick. "Occupational Therapy Handwriting Practice in South Korea." Thesis, Discipline of Occupational Therapy, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/21106.
Abstract:
Background. Internationally, handwriting difficulty is a common issue among children. Occupational therapists are involved in helping children to improve their handwriting. Previous studies have summarised occupational therapy research and practice in handwriting, but these have not included information about occupational therapy practice for children’s handwriting in South Korea. To understand the nature of practice and identify the scope of evidence relating to South Korean occupational therapy for children with handwriting difficulties, a review of published literature on this topic is required. Methods. A scoping review was conducted to identify and summarize published literature on occupational therapy paediatric handwriting practice in South Korea. A detailed context of the review was provided in a background chapter (Chapter 1 “Introduction”). The introduction provided comprehensive information about the hand, handwriting, South Korea and the occupational therapy profession in South Korea to define terms and to help provide an understanding of occupational therapy practice conducted in Korea. Chapter 2 “A scoping review of occupational therapy handwriting literature” is presented in the form of a manuscript for submission to a peer-reviewed journal (Occupational Therapy International). This background, the gap in evidence and research design used is presented. This study used a scoping review methodological framework suggested by Arksey and O’Malley (2005). This five-step framework was followed. First, the research question was identified; second, a search strategy was designed in Korean and English, and implemented in three databases which published or may have published Korean occupational therapy research. Third, after inspection a total of 22 articles were selected for inclusion from 151 sources. Fourth, a data-extraction form in Excel™ was created and this recorded the characteristics of each of these studies. At the last stage, a descriptive analysis of numerical data and thematic analysis were used to collate, summarise and synthesise the data from the 22 included papers. Results. Key findings of the scoping review demonstrate that hospitals and school-based settings were the most commonly studied service sites. Most studies were with Korean children with cerebral palsy. Standardized assessments were predominantly used, and these measured various performance components, rather than the “task” or “activity” of handwriting. Author-designed handwriting assessments which were reported to be based on previous studies were frequently used for measurement of handwriting quality. These did not ⅳ go through standardisation or validation processes. A sensory integration approach was the most popular approach to intervention, and the most targeted performance component of handwriting was fine-motor skills. Most study designs were of low research rigour in the evidence-based hierarchy. This study highlights that there is a diverse approach to assessments and intervention in Korean occupational therapy handwriting research, indicating that there is no consensus on the best handwriting approach in Korean occupational therapy literature. Conclusion. Most of the found evidence was focussed on clinical samples and used a sensory integrative approach. This is different to international occupational therapy research literature (which used standardised instruments) which focused mostly on typically developing children and used a wide number of conceptual approaches. Korean research was similar in the low level of research evidence generated. In the future, Korean occupational therapy handwriting research should use rigorous designs and should use assessments to accommodate the cultural and linguistic uniqueness of Korea. This will provide more opportunities to enhance the diversity of evidence on handwriting research.
16
Wilcock, Ann Allart. "The relationship between occupation and health : implications for occupational therapy and public health /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phw667.pdf.
17
Thomas, Aliki. "Comparison of evidence-based practice behaviours on a simulated case among occupational therapy students and experienced occupational therapy clinicians." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=103526.
Abstract:
The national occupational therapy (OT) professional association of Canada expects graduates and practicing clinicians to demonstrate the knowledge, skills and attitudes to carry out evidence-based practice (EBP). Evidence-based OT practice involves a process whereby therapists combine expert judgment and clinical experience with available scientific evidence and client choices, to make a clinical decision for a given client. Although academic programs are urged to design curricula that will promote EBP competencies, there are currently no available guidelines to support faculty in the design of an EBP curriculum. Identifying the trajectories of EBP competencies as they develop across the levels of professional education in OT can inform the instructional design required to foster the necessary EBP knowledge and skills across the different levels. The purpose of this doctoral study was to compare EBP behaviours among OT students and expert OT clinicians on a written simulated case and identify the extent to which their practices reflected features of EBP. The practice behaviours of expert clinicians (n = 7) were identified and subsequently used to create a reference model for EBP. Then the EBP behaviours of students (n = 53) in three different academic levels in a professional Master's entry-level OT program and a new group of experienced clinicians (n = 9) were compared to the practice behaviours depicted in the reference model. The EBP reference model illustrates two types of decisions, those based on scientific evidence and those that were primarily driven by clinical experience. Comparisons of EBP behaviours of students and experienced clinicians showed that students had greater breadth of knowledge of EBP aspects taught in the OT program. Experienced clinicians' practice behaviours were most consistent with the decisions illustrated in the model in the aspects of EBP which appeared to depend upon clinical experience. This study has implications for both OT education and clinical practice. The reference model can be used as a practice framework to guide therapists through clinical decision-making in one area of OT practice. In OT education, the model can be used as a framework for teaching and assessment of expert decision-making. The identified gaps in students' knowledge can guide faculty as they monitor and update the EBP content within the OT curriculum.L'association nationale regroupant les professionnels en ergothérapie du Canada s'attend à ce que les diplômés et les cliniciens fassent preuve des connaissances, des compétences et des attitudes requises pour exercer une pratique basée sur des données probantes (PBDP). Une telle pratique repose sur une démarche décisionnelle associant expertise, et expérience clinique aux données scientifiques à la disposition des cliniciens et aux choix de chaque client. Même si les programmes universitaires sont orientés vers la rédaction de cursus favorisant l'acquisition de compétences associées à une PBDP, il n'existe à l'heure actuelle aucune directive pour guider le personnel enseignant dans l'élaboration d'un cursus favorisant la PBDP. La détermination de l'évolution des compétences en PBDP à tous les niveaux de la formation professionnelle en ergothérapie peut éclairer la conception pédagogique nécessaire à l'acquisition des connaissances et compétences liées à la PBDP aux divers paliers. L'objectif de cette recherche de doctorat était de comparer les comportements typiques d'une PBDP chez les étudiants en ergothérapie et chez les cliniciens experts dans le cadre d'un exercice de simulation écrit et de déterminer à quel point leurs pratiques reflètent les caractéristiques de la PBDP. La description des comportements professionnels de cliniciens experts (n = 7) a permis de créer un modèle de référence de PBDP. Les comportements liés à la PBDP des étudiants (n = 53) à divers niveaux d'étude de maîtrise en ergothérapie et d'un nouveau groupe de cliniciens expérimentés (n = 9) ont alors été comparés aux comportements professionnels décrits dans le modèle de référence. Ce modèle de PBDP illustre deux types de décisions, celles qui sont fondées sur des preuves scientifiques et celles qui sont principalement motivées par l'expérience clinique. La comparaison des comportements typiques de la PBDP chez les étudiants et chez les cliniciens expérimentés a révélé que les étudiants avaient plus de connaissances sur les aspects de la PBDP enseignés dans le programme d'ergothérapie. Les comportements professionnels des cliniciens expérimentés correspondaient plus étroitement avec les décisions décrites dans le modèle comme étant des aspects de la PBDP qui semblaient liés à l'expérience clinique. Cette étude a des répercussions tant pour la formation en ergothérapie que pour la pratique clinique. Le modèle de référence peut servir de cadre décisionnel en pratique dans un domaine particulier de l'ergothérapie. Dans le programme de formation des ergothérapeutes, le modèle peut servir de cadre d'enseignement et d'évaluation de l'expertise décisionnelle. Les lacunes cernées quant aux connaissances des étudiants peuvent orienter le corps professoral qui fera le suivi et la mise à jour du contenu lié à la PBDP dans le cursus en ergothérapie.
18
Lindberg, Ramona, and Anni Mållberg. "Självupplevd aktivitetsbalans hos datorspelare : En enkätstudie gjord på unga killar." Thesis, Hälsohögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, HHJ, Avd. för rehabilitering, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-35898.
Abstract:
Datoranvändningen har ökat i samhället och datorspelandet har överrepresenterats av unga killar. Datorspelandet har relaterats till både hälsoproblem och positiva effekter. Studien utgick ifrån den subjektiva upplevelsen av aktivitetsbalans eftersom den är viktig för hälsan och inom arbetsterapin. Syftet var att beskriva självupplevd aktivitetsbalans hos killar (i åldern 16-20 år) som spelade datorspel. En kvantitativ enkätstudie gjordes på 58 datorspelande killar. Datainsamlingen gjordes med Occupational Balance Questionnaire. Urvalet var ett bekvämlighetsurval, deltagarna i studien studerade på gymnasieskolor. Deltagarna skattade i genomsnitt hög aktivitetsbalans. Resultatet visade en relation mellan antal timmar vid datorspel och självskattad aktivitetsbalans. Några deltagare upplevde att datorspelandet tog tid från andra saker de ville göra, exempelvis sömn, skolarbete och viktigare saker prioriterades bort. Samhällets normer kan ha påverkat att en del deltagare ansåg att det fanns viktigare saker de borde göra. Datorspelandet upplevdes meningsfullt och var en av flera aspekter som inverkade på deltagarnas aktivitetsbalans. Studien bekräftade arbetsterapeutens roll att se aktivitet i sitt sammanhang, ha en holistisk syn på människan och främja meningsfulla aktiviteter för individen. Ytterligare forskning behövs för att öka förståelsen för hur datorspelandet påverkar ungdomars aktivitetsbalans och hälsa.Computer use has increased in society and young guys played the most computer games. Computer gaming has been related to both health problems and positive effects. The subjective experience of occupational balance is important for the health and within occupational therapy. The aim was to describe self-perceived occupational balance among guys (16-20 years) who played computer games. A quantitative survey was made among 58 computer gaming guys. Data collection was made through Occupational Balance Questionnaire. The sample was made with regard to convenience and the participants studied at high schools. They rated average high occupational balance. There was a correlation between the time playing computer games and self-rated occupational balance. Some of the participants experienced that playing computer games took time away from other things they wanted to do, for example sleep, school work and more important things were lesser prioritized. Societal norms may have influenced the participants to see computer gaming as unimportant. Computer gaming was meaningful and one of several aspects that influenced the occupational balance. The study confirmed the occupational therapists role to apply a holistic perspective and promote meaningful occupations. Further research would increase the understanding how computer gaming affects youths’ occupational balance and health.
19
Abu, Mostafa Moussa K. "Perspectives on occupational therapy leadership functions in clinical practice." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/3350.
Abstract:
Thesis (MOccTher (Interdisciplinary Health Sciences. Occupational Therapy))--University of Stellenbosch, 2007.Objectives: The study aimed to identify the functions that occupational therapy leaders perform in clinical settings in the Metropole District of the Provincial Administration of the Western Cape (PAWC) and determine the influence of these functions on clinical practice. Methodology: The researcher used a descriptive design and a non-standardised questionnaire which was compiled to collect the data for the study. The questionnaire was piloted with a group of occupational therapy leaders from the Boland Overberg Region. Feedback was used to refine the final study questionnaire. Thirty-five study questionnaires were mailed or handed to the participants in the study and the researcher received 25 completed questionnaires; therefore, the response rate was 71.4%. The data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS 10.0) for all the questions. Descriptive statistics were used to report the data. Inter-observer reliability was checked by using the split-half method. The results revealed that the study questionnaire was reliable as Cronbach's Alfa was calculated at 0.90, correlation coefficient Pearson’s r was calculated at 0.51, and Spearman-Brown was calculated at 0.67. Results: The results were presented in relation to the respondents’ number (N = 25). The participants identified 57 leadership functions, grouped as managerial, ethics-related, education, research, and consultation functions. The participants reported to have high performance in both direct and indirect occupational therapy services. Performance in the direct occupational therapy services functions was higher than the performance in the indirect occupational therapy services. Minimal performance in occupational therapy leadership functions was reported for consultation, ethics related, and research functions which need to be addressed by in-service training. The indirect occupational therapy services enabled the participants in the study to perform on a more optimum level regarding the direct occupational therapy services. The occupational therapy leaders had many empowering factors in their work place such as subordinates, supervisors, and top management. Conclusion: The 57 leadership functions identified in the study culminated in an occupational therapy leadership functions framework (OTLFF) which represents the managerial activities of the occupational therapy leaders in the PAWC. These study findings are useful guidelines for occupational therapy professionals and students as guidelines for leadership training, participant facilities to compile job descriptions, and educational facilities to set educational curricula. Recommendations: The study had many shortcomings; therefore, generalisation of results can't be done. The researcher recommends replication of the study using a larger and more representative sample.
20
Beukes, Susanna. "n Standaardstelling en metingskriteria vir arbeidsterapie-werkbepalingsareas." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/70264.
Abstract:
Thesis (MOccTher)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The rights of people with disabilities to equal opportunities for employment is acknowledged on a national and international level. A key area whereby this can be addressed is through effective vocational rehabilitation programmes in occupational therapy. The delivery of high quality health care services is an important issue for the consumer and government within the health arena. This implies that standards have to be developed for the various services. The standards will serve the purpose of activating quality assurance and quality improvement processes in all health care services. Vocational rehabilitation of people with disabilities and the emphasis that is placed on good quality care, resulted in the question: "How can occupational therapists ensure that they will deliver a good quality service in a vocational assessment area?". The question is posed specifically in terms of the assessment of a person's work abilities, as this step is viewed as most important in the vocational rehabilitation process. The step(s) that follow will be determined by the results obtained from the assessment. The purpose of the study is to identify a standard statement and generic measurement criteria that will be used to set the standards for Structure, Process and Outcome for vocational assessment areas. The establishment of measurement criteria is viewed as a starting point in the quality assurance cycle. The results of the study will initiate quality assurance and quality improvement in vocational assessment areas. Although the role of the occupational therapist is clearly delineated regarding vocational rehabilitation and the importance of the occupational therapy contribution recognised in this regard, could no information pertaining to standards and measurement criteria for work assessment areas be identified through a literature study. It was therefore decided to develop a standard statement and measurement criteria according to the Donabedian Model of Structure, Process and Outcome for vocational assessment areas in South Africa. Occupational therapists with at least one year experience of vocational rehabilitation of patients were requested to rate the proposed standard statements and measurement criteria. A survey method (adapted Delphi method) was used whereby the participants had to rate the proposed standard statements and measurement criteria on a four-point scale. The results obtained were used to draw up a standard statement and measurement criteria to ensure that quality assurance and quality improvement will become a reality in vocational assessment areas in South Africa.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die regte van persone met gestremdhede tot gelyke indiensneming word op nasionale en internasionale vlak erken. Die aanbieding van effektiewe werkrehabilitasieprogramme deur arbeidsterapeute is een van die belangrikste wyses waarop die situasie aangespreek kan word. Die lewering van hoë gehalte gesondheidsdienste word toenemend deur die verbruikers en die staat vereis. Dit impliseer dat standaarde vir die dienste vasgestel moet word om gehalteverbetering en gehalteversekering in gesondheidsdienste te vestig. Werkrehabilitasie van persone met gestremdhede en die kwessie van hoë gehalte dienste het die volgende vraag laat ontstaan: "Hoe kan die arbeidsterapeut verseker dat 'n hoë gehalte diens in 'n werkbepalingsarea gelewer word?". Die vraag handel spesifiek oor die bepaling van 'n persoon se werkvermoëns aangesien dié stap as baie belangrik binne die werkrehabilitasieprogram beskou word. Die stap(pe) wat hierna sal volg, salop besluit word na aanleiding van die resultate van die bepaling. Die doel van die studie is om 'n standaardstelling en generiese metingskriteria volgens Donabedian se model te identifiseer om die standaarde vir die Struktuur, Proses en Uitkoms van werkbepalingsareas in Suid-Afrika daar te stel. Die bogenoemde metingskriteria sal dit moontlik maak om die gehalteversekeringsiklus te inisieër. Gehalteversekering en gehalteverbeteringsaksies sal as gevolg hiervan in werkbepalingsareas kan plaasvind. Ten spyte van die feit dat die rol van die arbeidsterapeut in werkrehabilitasie duidelik uiteengesit is en die belang daarvan erken word, kon geen inligting oor 'n standaardstelling en metingskriteria vir werkbepalingsareas in die literatuur gevind word nie. Arbeidsterapeute met minstens een jaar ondervinding van werkrehabilitasie van pasiënte het hulle menings ten opsigte van 'n standaardstelling en metingskriteria uitgespreek. 'n Opname metode (gewysigde Delphi metode) is gebruik en deelnemers het op 'n vierpuntskaal hul voorkeure ten opsigte van 'n standaardstelling en metingskriteria aangedui. Die resultate wat op dié wyse bekom is, is gebruik om 'n finale standaardstelling en voorkeur metingskriteria voor te stel. Die gebruik hiervan in werkbepalingsareas sal daartoe lei dat gehalteversekering en gehalteverbetering in dié areas in Suid-Afrika tot uitvoer gebring sal word.
21
Gisladottir, Gunnhildur. "Occupational therapy in Iceland attitude, knowledge and cooperation." FIU Digital Commons, 1998. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3942.
Abstract:
The purpose of this study was to discover attitudes and knowledge of four healthcare student groups toward occupational therapy in Iceland.
A fact-sheet identifying philosophy, theoretical background, skills roles and occupational therapy working areas was developed. Pre-test and post-test questionnaires were used to measure any attitude and knowledge changes which might have occurred after reading the fact-sheet.
The results demonstrated that the four student groups had obtained knowledge about occupational therapy during their university experiences; either from in class information or from field trips to occupational therapy departments. The questionnaire results indicated that students' attitudes toward cooperation with occupational therapists was positive. The overall outcome indicated that as a result of information gained from the fact-sheet, significant attitude and knowledge changes were demonstrated among the four student groups about occupational therapy in Iceland.
22
Kolehmainen, Niina. "Optimising caseload management developing an intervention in children's occupational therapy /." Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources, 2009. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=56247.
23
Haines, David John. "Occupational therapy supporting people with profound intellectual disabilities to engage in occupation at home." Thesis, University of Brighton, 2015. https://research.brighton.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/6bc3ab4f-10a4-4125-baa5-d9150488e23b.
Abstract:
This thesis explores the nature of engagement in occupation (meaningful activity) and the different levels at which people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities may engage. Research suggests that many are poorly supported to do this meaningfully at home. When through circumstances beyond their control, people do very little, occupational injustice arguably results, impacting on physical and mental wellbeing and quality of life.
24
Jacknicke-Prochnau, Catherine A. "Personal-professional connections in palliative care occupational therapy." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0001/MQ34378.pdf.
25
梁家衡 and Ka-hang Leung. "An overview of clinical trials in occupational therapy." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31970114.
26
Logan, Philippa A. "Occupational therapy to improve outdoor mobility after stroke." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2005. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11120/.
Abstract:
People who have suffered a stroke can become housebound and miserable because they cannot access suitable transport. They can have difficulty getting to the shops, doctors and hospital and this can have an effect on their quality of life. Occupational therapists routinely aim to help these people overcome their outdoor mobility problems by providing information and verbal instructions but these interventions do not appear to be effective. The aim of this research was to design and evaluate a new occupational therapy outdoor mobility intervention. The intervention was modeled on travel training that is provided for other conditions and the outdoor mobility experiences and needs of people with stroke. Qualitative semi structured interviews were used to investigate 24 peoples experiences of both using transport and their outdoor mobility after they had suffered a stroke. It was found that people wanted to travel for a variety of reasons; shopping, work, getting to the doctors, social reasons, meeting friends, visiting family and just for the sake of traveling. People were prevented from traveling because of physical difficulties such as stepping onto the bus, psychological problems such as confidence and environmental barriers such as the weather or lack of information. The results were used to define the main components of an Occupational Therapy Outdoor Mobility Intervention. A randomised controlled trial was used to evaluate the effects of this Occupational Therapy Outdoor Mobility Intervention (OTOMI) by comparing it to the routine occupational therapy intervention. Participants with stroke in the last 36 months were recruited from primary care services and randomly allocated to receive either the OTOMI or the routine occupational therapy. Participants in the OTOMI received up to seven individualised occupational therapy sessions. The sessions aimed to increase confidence, encourage use of different types of transport and provided tailor-made information. Outcomes were measured by postal assessment 4 and 10 months after recruitment. The primary outcome measure was a yes/ no question, Do you get out of the house as much as you would like? Secondary outcomes included the number of journeys, mood, performance of activities of daily living and leisure. 168 participants who had had a stroke in the last 36 months were recruited into the study over eighteen months, 82 in the control group and 86 to the OTOMI group. 10 people were unable to provide follow-up information at the four month assessment and 21 people at the ten month assessment. Intention-to-treat analyses were undertaken. For the principal outcome measure, participants who were dead at the point of assessment were allocated the worst outcome, and for others lost to follow up their baseline or last recorded responses were used. For the other analyses all missing values were imputed using baseline values. Participants in the treatment group were more likely to get out of their house as often as they wanted at 4 months (RR 1.72,95% CI 1.25 to 2.37) and at 10 months (RR 1.74,95 Cl 1.24 to 2.44). The treatment group recorded more journeys outdoors in the month prior to assessment at 4 months (intervention group median 37, control group median 14, Mann-Whitney p<0.01) and at 10 months (intervention group median 42, control group median 14, Mann-Whitney: p<0.01). At 4 months the NEADL mobility scores were significantly higher in the intervention group, but there were no significant differences in the other secondary outcomes. There were no significant differences in these measures at 10 months. The interview study demonstrated that participating in outdoor mobility is a major problem for people who have had a stroke. The randomised controlled trial demonstrated that a relatively simple and feasible, individualized, properly organised, focused and adequately resourced occupational therapy outdoor mobility intervention can increase participation in outdoor mobility activities, allowing people to get out of the house as much as they wish.
27
Jenkins, Mary M. "Occupational therapy : perspectives on the effectiveness of practice." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242146.
28
Shanahan, Margaret M. "Mature students in occupational therapy education and practice." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2002. http://radar.brookes.ac.uk/radar/items/5fc6c175-6cad-0259-6afc-9e5722098b1c/1.
Abstract:
This research study investigated age as a predictor of success in the academic outcome and early professional performance of recent occupational therapy graduates. The study was divided into two parts. The analysis of age and academic performance in occupational therapy education initially provided a picture of mature student success when compared with the performance of younger students, but this finding was negated when the confounding variable of entry qualification was added to the analysis. The mature student data were strongly influenced by the superior academic performance of the students who had a previous degree on entry to occupational therapy education. When these degree-level entrants were removed from the age analysis, the academic performance of the remaining mature students did not differ significantly from that of the younger students. This result indicates that entry qualifications, in particular a previous degree, have a positive predictive affect on academic performance in occupational therapy education. The second part of the study investigated the impact of age on the early professional performance of recent occupational therapy graduates using a competency questionnaire adapted from the curriculum framework document for occupational therapy in the UK (COT, 1998). The hypotheses that age is a value-added factor in the early professional performance and level of threshold competence after graduation was partially upheld in the graduate self-ratings of competence but not in the employer ratings of new graduates in practice. No age differences were observed in the employer ratings of graduate abilities but academic performance at university was related to perceived levels of. competence. When graduates rated their self-perceived levels of competence, it was the mature graduates who consistently rated themselves as being more competent than their younger peers. The type of occupational therapy programme undertaken did not relate to either the employer or graduate ratings of competence. All respondents were provided with an opportunity to comment on the issue of professional competence. Mature students expressed high expectations of their professional competence yet were no different to all other new graduates in reporting stress when making the transition between being a student and qualified practitioner. A discrepancy in expectations of threshold competence was observed between the employer and the graduate comments.
29
Duncan, E. M. "Perspectives on occupational therapy transformation in South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25831.
Abstract:
This minor dissertation is built around the Vona du Toit Memorial lecture that was given, by the author, to the Occupational Therapy Association of South Africa (OT ASA) in July 1999. The central theme of both the lecture and the dissertation is professional transformation. the impetus for which is seen to reside in the axiology of the profession, starting with the morn! values, attitudes and beliefs of individual practitioners and moving towards a collectively revisioned professional ontology. It is proposed that the ·identification, analysis and resuscitation of the profession's ethos at an individual level will ultimately impact transformatively on the nature and characteristics of the profession collectively. Particular emphasis is placed on undergraduate ethics curriculum reform for the vision of transform3tion at an individual level to be realised. The dissertation documents the pilot phase of a dialectical research cycle (Reason 1981) during which the author developed perspectives about the ethical concerns that the occupational therapy profession in South Africa needs to consider in the light of its past during apartheid and in view of its future in a developing nation. It contains a conceptual analysis of the pivotal role that professional ethics and morality will have to play in effecting fundamental change in the philosophical, structural, political and education at dimensions of the profession in response to the unique demands of the African context and suggests practical educational strategies through which attitudinal transformation in undergraduate occupational therapy students may be achieved.
30
Leung, Ka-hang. "An overview of clinical trials in occupational therapy." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B22823773.
31
Truskowski, Scott. "Leadership within Occupational Therapy : A Mixed Methods Study." Diss., NSUWorks, 2017. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/hpd_ot_student_dissertations/60.
Abstract:
PURPOSE: This sequential embedded mixed methods study first identified the ways in which occupational therapy leaders experience leadership, then explored the ways in which those same leaders utilized their professional training as occupational therapists within their practice of leadership. METHODS: The twelve participants held formal leadership positions in either academia, clinical practice, or professional associations. The ecology of human performance model of practice was utilized to frame the research study. Data was collected through an initial interview with all 12 participants and through leadership artifacts and a second interview with six participants. RESULTS: Three themes resulted from thematic analysis of initial interview: leadership journey, leadership deconstructed, and personal approach to leadership. The leadership artifacts were analyzed using a coding frame, which included four dimensions: occupational perspective of leadership, connections, leadership approach, and team mindset. Thematic analysis of the second round of interviews resulted in three themes: how they do leadership, leadership interaction, and reflection on leadership action. CONCLUSIONS: The participants described the construct of leader as a role consisting of contextually discrete leadership occupations. A number of parallels were identified between the practice of occupational therapy and the practice of leadership. The development of a personal leadership identity was found to occur over time and required some form of either internal or external recognition of leadership ability or outcome. The structure of this mixed methods design included a combination of two qualitative methods, which was novel to the occupational therapy literature.
32
Scheiman, Nicole Renee. "Comprehensive Occupational Therapy in a Breast Cancer Program." NSUWorks, 2018. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/hpd_ot_student_dissertations/63.
Abstract:
The purpose of this capstone project is to develop an evidenced-based, innovative, and comprehensive occupational therapy evaluation and intervention protocol for breast cancer care. The contents of this paper will include an introduction into the current care provided to survivors, literature review on best practice in breast cancer care, outline of the procedures completed to discover what best practice care should be, results of these procedures, discussion of the results, and conclusion with proposed program and recommendations for further investigation. The concern investigated is the inconsistencies in care provided to survivors from the time of diagnosis throughout their lifespan or survivorship. A body of growing evidence supports the important need to address functional performance from the point of diagnosis through treatment and survivorship. A model of rehabilitation-based care has been put forward by the American Cancer Society as an optimal construct, however, there are significant inconsistencies in how this model is being leveraged to support breast cancer patients. These inconsistencies occur from cancer center to cancer center and even from physician to physician within the same cancer center. Participants in this capstone project include experts from the on-site residency, interviews with subject-matter experts and survivors as part of a focus group. The essential features of the methods used to discover best practice include a literature review, onsite residency, participation in an International Cancer Summit, continuing education, and completion of a focus group. Results indicate that additional services are needed in order to have an evidenced-based, innovative, and comprehensive occupational therapy breast cancer program. Conclusions provided aim to diminish inconsistencies in the current care being provided to this population.
33
Ritchie, Donna Michelle. "Men's self-perceptions of masculinity in response to acquired illness or injury and subsequent changes in occupational roles." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Health Science, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/10200.
Abstract:
Hegemonic Masculinity informs every aspect of a man’s life regardless of whether they conform to the standards or reject them. Although masculinity informs occupational roles, it can also be seen as an occupation in its own right. Illnesses and injuries can challenge masculine status and result in loss of identity, as well as changing men’s abilities, transforming their occupational roles and providing a challenge to their self-perception of masculinity. There are significant gaps in the literature; particularly regarding the impact health status has on masculine perceptions within a New Zealand context and the idea of masculinity as an occupation. This study goes someway to address these gaps.
A qualitative descriptive methodology was employed to understand and describe the stories of 12 men living with the ongoing effects of illness or injury. A general inductive approach to content analysis was undertaken to identify the key themes. The study’s findings show illness and injury and the subsequent changes in occupational roles had a significant impact on participants’ masculine perceptions. Study participants experienced loss in many areas of their lives and described being occupied in recreating and renegotiating their masculinity in varying areas such as work, personal relationships and social activities.
Further research, conducted within a New Zealand context, will be invaluable in validating the current findings in this area. The application of this knowledge is an area requiring extensive exploration and research. There is significant scope for healthcare professionals to gain understanding of men’s relationship to, and their self-perceptions of, masculinity and to utilise and incorporate these findings into therapeutic settings, therefore gaining more valuable outcomes for their clients.
34
Emanuelsson, Linnea, and Anneli Sjökvist. "När man vill men inte orkar : Arktivitetsbalans hos individer med narkolepsi." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-79062.
Abstract:
Aktivitetsbalans innebär hur individen upplever sitt aktivitetsmönster, vilket är mängden av aktiviteter samt variationen av aktiviteter under en dag. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva hur individer med narkolepsi upplever aktivitetsbalans. Metod: En kvantitativ design användes med deskriptiv tvärsnittsstudie där data samlades in via enkät. Enkäten utgick från instrumentet Occupational Balance Questionnaire [OBQ] och innehöll 11 frågor med fyrgradig skattningsskala samt 4 frågor med fritextsvar. Det var 20 individer som deltog i studien varav 18 stycken är kvinnor och två är män. Deltagarna var mellan åldrarna 18- 56 år. Data analyserades med deskriptiv och analytisk statistik samt innehållsanalys då enkäten gav både kvantitativa och kvalitativa variabler. Resultat: Deltagarna skattade sin aktivitetsbalans som låg. Ingen signifikant skillnad på aktivitetsbalans mellan arbetande/studerande eller arbetslösa/sjukskrivna kunde visas i resultatet. Ingen signifikant skillnad av aktivitetsbalans kunde heller ses mellan ålder och kön på deltagarna, dock var majoriteten av deltagarna kvinnor. Den kvalitativa analysen resulterade i tre kategorier; brist av meningsfulla aktiviteter, aktiviteter som tar och ger energi och brist på vila, sömn samt återhämtning. Det centrala i alla kategorier var att deltagarnas brist på vila och återhämtning påverkar deras aktiviteter i stort och genomsyrar vardagen. Sociala sammanhang blev påverkade samt bortvalda då deltagarna inte hade energi att umgås med andra. Slutsats: Resultatet pekade på att individer med narkolepsi var i behov av mer stöd än det som ges i idag, stödet kan vara strategier och hjälpmedel. Därför finns ett intresse att fortsatt studera vilken typ av insatser eller strategier som kan möjliggöra aktivitet och en vardag i balans för denna grupp.
35
Orellano, Elsa Michelle. "Occupational participation of older Puerto Rican adults." Diss., NSUWorks, 2008. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/hpd_ot_student_dissertations/44.
Abstract:
"February 2008" A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Occupational Therapy. Typescript Project Advisor : Max Ito Older adults may undergo changes in occupational participation patterns due to the process of aging, to institutionalization, or to illness. Measuring occupational participation of older adults using a client-centered approach has become a professional mandate for occupational therapists. The Activity Card Sort was developed to measure the level of client activity participation in instrumental, socio-cultural, and leisure activities. With the authors' permission, a valid method of translation and cultural adaptation of the ACS was developed based on a sample of older Puerto Rican adults and occupations relevant to this population derived from a previous study. The final version used in this analysis included 82 picture cards of older adults participating in typical Puerto Rican occupations which clients were to sort into five categories. The purpose of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of the translated and culturally-adapted Puerto Rican Spanish version of the Activity Card Sort (PR-ACS) for older Spanish-speaking adults living in Puerto Rico. This study included 146 participants, two groups of 106 community-living, healthy older adults aged 60 or older and 40 adults with multiple sclerosis (MS) aged 50 or older. The study explored evidence of validity by examining the relationship of the PR-ACS current activity scores with other variables. Reliability evidence included test-retest and internal consistency. Results showed that the PR-ACS was able to discriminate between clients with different levels of functioning (t = 6.86; p = .00), and was positively associated with the Puerto Rican Version of the RAND 36-Short Form Health Survey (r = 0.66; p = .00). Good test-retest reliability (r = 0.82) and high internal consistency of the total scores of the combined sample (r = 0.91) and the sample of healthy older adults (.91) were demonstrated, as well as good internal consistency of these scores for the sample of individuals with MS (.77). The findings suggest the PR-ACS is a reliable and valid instrument to use with the Puerto Rican elderly population.
36
Grufberg, Roginder Johanna, and Emelie Karlsson. "Kronisk sjukdom och arbetsförmåga bland personer med multipel skleros (MS) och reumatoid artrit (RA) : En systematisk litteraturstudie." Thesis, Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-10767.
Abstract:
Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att studera vilka möjligheter arbetsterapeuten har att främja förmågan till fortsatt arbete för personer med MS och RA.
Sökord: arbete, arbetsterapi, kronisk sjukdom, multipel skleros, reumatoid artrit
Bakgrund: MS och RA är kroniska sjukdomar som främst drabbar personer i arbetsför ålder. Symtomen från dessa sjukdomar påverkar personernas arbetsförmåga i olika stor utsträckning. Arbetsterapeutens roll är att möjliggöra för personer att utföra aktiviteter i det dagliga livet som anses vara meningsfulla för dem. Med sina bedömningar och insatser kan arbetsterapeuten bidra till att möjligöra detta för personer som har förlorat förmågor p.g.a. t.ex. sjukdom. Arbetsterapeuten kan använda Internationell Klassifikation av funktionstillstånd, funktionshinder och hälsa (ICF) som en referensram inom rehabilitering på personer med svårigheter att utföra ett arbete. Metod: Systematisk litteraturstudie, där sökningar gjordes i databaserna Amed, Cinahl och Medline (Ebsco). Samma sökord och sökkombinationer har använts i de olika databaserna. 11 artiklar har valts ut ifrån den systematiska sökningen och tre har samlats in via en manuell sökning. Sammanlagt utgör 14 artiklar resultatet i denna studie. Resultat: Studier visar på att arbetsterapeuten kan främja förmågan att fortsätta arbeta för personer med MS och RA. Detta genom att ordinera hjälpmedel, ge information, anpassa arbetsmiljön och arbetsuppgifter. Arbetsterapeuten kan använda instrument som Worker Role Interview (WRI) och Work Environment Impact Scale (WEIS), för att bedöma arbetsförmågan hos personer med olika nedsättningar. Resultatet visar också på att det finns gemensamma faktorer på kroppsstruktur/kroppsfunktionsnivå som påverkar arbetsutförandet för personer med MS och RA, så som fatige/trötthet, smärta och funktionsnedsättning. Även faktorer i den fysiska och sociala miljön påverkar arbetsutförandet på så sätt att de nedsättningar som sjukdomarna ger kunde t.ex. leda till att personerna har problem att ta sig till och från arbetet och utföra sina arbetsuppgifter som tidigare. Familj, arbetsgivare och kollegor kunde både upplevas stödjande och hindrande relaterat till arbetsförmågan. Slutsatser: Denna litteraturstudie visar att arbetsterapeuten med sina bedömningar och insatser kan främja förmågan till fortsatt arbete för personer med kroniska sjukdomar. Det finns gemensamma faktorer både på kroppsstruktur/kroppsfunktionsnivå och i den fysiska och sociala miljön som påverkar arbetsförmågan för personer med kronisk sjukdom. Denna kunskap kan arbetsterapeuten använda sig av i mötet med dessa personer.
37
Davidsson, Karin, and Inga Lundberg. "Instrumentell ADL-förmåga hos äldre kvinnor som har drabbats av höftfraktur." Thesis, Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-11235.
38
Soeker, Shaheed. "Occupational self efficacy : an occupational therapy practice model to facilitate returning to work after a brain injury." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_6021_1323934895.
Abstract:
This qualitative study explored and described the lived experience of people with brain injuries with regard to resuming their worker roles. Based on the results, an occupational therapy practice model to facilitate return to work was developed. The theoretical framework of occupational science with emphasis on occupational risk factors informed the study. The research design was a theory generative design based on a qualitative, phenomenological, explorative and descriptive research approach utilizing the methods of theory generation as advocated by Chinn and Kramer (1999), Walker and Avant (2005) and Dickoff, James and Wiedenbach (1968).
39
Bosch, Julie. "Occupational therapists' facilitation of collaboration with aphasic clients in order to encourage the clients' autonomy in relevant occupational engagement." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/2968.
40
Fischer, Evelin. "Occupation as means and ends in early childhood intervention – A scoping review." Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Hälsohögskolan, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-45634.
Abstract:
Background: Occupational therapy (OT) plays an important role in providing early childhood interventions for children with developmental delay. While paediatric OT has long been guided by developmental principles, occupation-centred interventions have been promoted during the last decades, but no unifying definition exists about the core features. Aims/Objectives: The aim of this paper is to (a) identify and describe how occupation-based and occupation-focused interventions are demonstrated in paediatric occupational therapy for infants and young children with developmental delay, (b) identify which outcomes these interventions address and (c) analyse which outcome measures are used. Material and Methods: Eight databases and 15 OT journals were searched. Included studies were peer-reviewed primary sources published in English since 1999, selected based on the terminology proposed by Fisher (2013). Nineteen papers met inclusion criteria. Results: Eight occupation-based, two occupation-focused and nine occupation-based and occupation-focused interventions were identified. Outcomes related mainly to occupational and play skill acquisition as well as mastery of co-occupations. A limited number of occupation-focused outcome measures was implemented. Conclusions: Several occupation-centred interventions have been researched. Gaps in knowledge exist regarding measures taking into account (co-)occupational performance and young children’s perspective. Significance: OTs might want to expand their scope of practice to include all occupational domains and increase parent-delivered interventions in natural environments. Measures used should be relevant to occupational performance and take into account the parent’s and children’s view. Use of uniform terminology can aid identification of evidence and clear placement of OT among other professionals.
41
Körlof, Linnea. "Arbetsterapeuters resonemang kring preventiva och hälsofrämjande insatser för äldre samt hur dessa kommuniceras inom och mellan vårdnivåer." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för hälsa, lärande och teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-83442.
Abstract:
Syftet med studien var att beskriva arbetsterapeuters resonemang kring preventiva och hälsofrämjande insatser för äldre och deras erfarenheter av hur dessa insatser uppmärksammas och kommuniceras inom och mellan olika vårdnivåer. För att besvara syftet har fokusgruppmetod använts för datainsamling. Fem olika fokusgrupper har genomförts med fyra arbetsterapeuter i respektive grupp som representerade olika vårdnivåer. Data har analyserats enligt analysprocess för fokusgrupper vilken resulterade i två centrala teman. Det första temat Ge arbetsterapiinsatser i rätt tid innehöll underkategorierna Vikten av att etablera kontakt tidigt och Att vara en del i en process över tid. Det andra temat Betydelsen av kollegial och teambaserad samverkan innehöll underkategorierna Vikten av ett fungerande team, Att handleda och kommunicera insatser till andra professioner och Olika kommunikationsvägars betydelse. Resultatet visar att tidig kontakt med de äldre där en personcentrerad relation etableras är en förutsättning för preventiva och hälsofrämjande arbetsterapiinsatser. En god kommunikation och etablerade relationer inom multiprofessionella team inom och mellan vårdnivåerna skapar förutsättningar för fånga upp den äldre tidigt samt för att preventiva och hälsofrämjande arbetsterapiinsatser skall erbjudas i rätt tid. Studies resultat visar att det finns behov av ytterligare forskning som kan generera kunskapsutveckling kring preventiva och hälsofrämjande arbetsterapiinsatser för äldre som är samhällsbaserade.The purpose of the study was to describe occupational therapists´reasoning about preventive and health-promoting interventions for elderly and their experiences of how these interventions are noticed and communicated within and between different levels of care. To answer the purpose a focus group design has been used for data collection. Five different focus groups were conducted with four occupational therapists´ representing different levels of care. Data have been analyzed accordning to the analysis process for focus groups, which resulted in two central themes. The first theme Giving occupational theraphist interventions in the right time contained the subcategories The importance of establishing contact early and Being part of a process over time. The second theme The importance om collegial and team-based collaboration contained the subcategories The importance of a functioning team, Tutoring ang communicating interventions to other professions and The importance of different communication channels. The results shows that early contact with the elderly where a person-centered relationship is established is a prerequisite for preventive and health-promoting occupational therapy interventions. Good communication and established relationships witin multi-professional teams within and between the care-levels create conditions for engaging the elderly early and for preventive and health-promoting occupational therapy initiatives to be offered at the right time. The results of the present study indicates that there is a need for further research that can generate knowledge development about preventive and health-promoting occupational therapy interventions for the elderly who are community-based.
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Hess, Ka Yan. "A study on the discernment by occupational therapists on whether mental health service users' occupations of a spiritual nature are health seeking behaviours or manifestations of illness." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11438.
Abstract:
Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 69-75).
Spirituality has been a topic of debate in occupational therapy. However, incorporating spirituality into occupational therapy practice has remained a challenge due to its subjective nature. Limited exploration has been done on how clinical reasoning may assist occupational therapists in this regard within mental health practice, especially within the African context. In this study, the clinical reasoning process used by occupational therapists in determining whether their clients’ spiritual occupations were health seeking behaviours or manifestations of a psychiatric illness are described. Five occupational therapists within mental health practice were interviewed and transcribed data were analysed using Nvivo and Stake (2006)’s cross case analysis worksheets. Member checking, peer reviews, research journal, data triangulation and visual presentation of data were used to enhance research rigor.Three themes emerged from the study: Clinical Reasoning: Complex, dynamic and multi-layered; Multiple resources: People as key; and Rewarding and challenging experience.
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Emslie, Brenda. "Clinical occupational therapists' experience of their role as clinical educators during the fieldwork experience of occupational therapy students." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20180.
Abstract:
Thesis (MPhil )-- Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Fieldwork is an essential part of the occupational therapy student’s education, and optimal learning is dependent on effective facilitation by a clinical Occupational Therapist. This study explored the lived experience of the clinical Occupational Therapists in their role as clinical educators by means of a phenomenological inquiry. Ten semi-structured interviews were conducted with clinical Occupational Therapists involved in clinical education. The data was analysed by using thematic content analysis, and was discussed according to the Lived Experience of a Clinical Educator Model. The results indicated that the clinical OTs’ sense of self, which revealed strong humanistic values, acted as the core element influencing the way in which they related to others and were able to juggle many roles in order to perform their role as clinical educator. It furthermore influenced the ways in which they managed balance and harmony in the workplace, as well as the process of growth and development. Incongruence during the performance of their roles as clinical educators was mainly caused by insufficient collaboration between the clinical educators and the university, the prescriptive nature of the fieldwork curriculum, workload pressures, the students’ attitudes and their lack of knowledge, as well as insufficient training of new clinical educators. The results may be helpful in fostering a collaborative relationship between the university and the clinical Occupational Therapists, as well as renewed attention to growth and development, all of which will benefit the students’ education.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Kliniese werk vorm ‘n essensiële deel van die arbeidsterapie-student se opleiding en dit is noodsaaklik dat die leerproses effektief gefasiliteer word deur ‘n bekwame kliniese Arbeidsterapeut. Hierdie studie het die Arbeidsterapeute se belewing van hul rol as kliniese opvoeders nagevors deur middel van ‘n fenomenologiese ondersoek. Tien semigestruktureerde onderhoude is met kliniese Arbeidsterapeute, tans betrokke by kliniese opleiding, gevoer. Die data is verwerk deur middel van tematiese inhouds-analise en is bespreek aan die hand van die Lived Experience of a Clinical Educator Model. Die resultate het aangedui dat die kliniese terapeute se bewustheid van hulself (‘sense of self’) die kern element vorm wat hul verhoudings, sowel as die wyse waarop hulle al hul onderskeie rolle en take behartig, beïnvloed. Sterk humanistiese waardes kom voor in hierdie kern element. Dit is verder bepalend in die wyse waarop die Arbeidsterapeute balans en harmonie in hul werkplek verseker, sowel as hul professionele groei en ontwikkeling. Inkongruensie tydens die rolvervulling word veroorsaak deur onvoldoende samewerking tussen die universiteit en kliniese opvoeders, ‘n voorskriftelike kurrikulum, werksdruk, studente se negatiewe houding en gebrek aan kennis, sowel as onvoldoende opleiding van die terapeute wat nuut begin met kliniese opleiding. Die resultate mag in die toekoms behulpsaam wees in die totstandkoming van ‘n samewerkende verhouding tussen die universiteit en kliniese terapeute, met genoegsame aandag wat geskenk word aan professionele groei en onwikkeling. Dit kan tot voordeel van die studente se leerproses aangewend word.
44
Cohn, Ellen Sue. "Parent perceptions of occupational therapy using sensory integration approaches." Thesis, Boston University, 2000. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/35678.
Abstract:
Thesis (Sc.D.)--Boston UniversityOccupational therapists recognize that families are central to the wellbeing of children and that incorporating parent perspectives into intervention is an essential component of the therapy process. Although family-centered outcomes are specifically espoused in the pediatric occupational therapy literature, parent perspectives have not been the focus of efficacy studies. This collection of papers reports three sets of findings designed to understand parents' perspectives related to occupational therapy using sensory integration approaches. In both studies, interviews with parents were conducted, audiotaped, transcribed, and analyzed using grounded theory methods. The first study reported here describes parents' point of view regarding their hopes for outcomes prior to their children's participation in occupational therapy using a sensory integration approach. These parents identified two overarching directions for therapy. One focus for change was their children. Three themes pertinent to the occupation of children; social participation, self regulation, and perceived competence, were identified. Parents also include themselves as both agents and recipients of change. The second and third papers describe parents' point of view after their children have been discharged from therapy. The parents' perceptions of the benefits of therapy for their children are categorized into three interrelated constructs: abilities, activities, and reconstruction of self-worth. For themselves, parents value understanding their children's behavior in new ways. This shift in understanding is hypothesized to facilitate a change in expectations for themselves and their children. Further, parents value having their parenting experience validated and being able to support and advocate for their children. The parents' actual experience of sitting in the waiting room while their children received occupational therapy also emerged as a powerful theme. Through their interactions with one another, sharing stories, experiences, parenting challenges, and resources, the particular group of parents interviewed for the second study gave and received naturally occurring support for parenting children with sensory integration dysfunction. Implications for expanding the definition of family-centered intervention and for future research are proposed.
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Geral, Jacintha. "South African parents' perceptions and experiences of occupational therapy using a sensory integrative approach (OT/SI)." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96014.
Abstract:
Thesis (MOccTher)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: As a South African occupational therapist (OT) trained to provide occupational therapy using a sensory integration approach (OT/SI), to children and their families, I have personal experience of different parent perceptions and experiences regarding OT/SI as a treatment approach to improving their children’s occupational performance. This made me question the various factors that may influence a parent’s perceptions and experiences, and how these factors may ultimately influence the outcome of OT/SI intervention for the child and family. Additionally, I wanted to know what OT/SI intervention was like for parents of a child with difficulties processing and integrating sensory information and what changes should be made to ensure we are meeting both child and parents’ needs. To date, no research exists regarding parents’ perceptions and experiences of OT/SI intervention in South Africa. Despite this, OT/SI intervention is widely used among South African paediatric occupational therapists. This study focused on the lived experience of OT/SI intervention for parents in the Western Cape, South Africa. The purpose of this study was to explore and describe South African parents’ perceptions and experiences of OT/SI intervention received. This study not only sought to explore whether parents thought OT/SI intervention was valuable or not, but also to understand the meaning, the broader context and the process by which parent’s opinions had come into being, and how these may have influenced the meaning ascribed to the intervention. The study sample consisted of nine parents, including mothers and a father, of children with difficulties processing and integrating sensory information, who lived in various regions of the Western Cape, South Africa. Purposive sampling was used to select participants in this study. Using a qualitative, phenomenological approach, data was collected during face=to=face interviews, participant observation and researcher’s field notes. Four themes that pertain to the aims of the study were revealed during the analysis. They included: “It was tough because we didn’t understand”, “Just suddenly everything made so much sense”, “Mobilized my child into the world”, and “OT/SI intervention facilitators proposed by participants”. These themes describe the progression of the participant’s perceptions and experiences before OT/SI intervention, during intervention, and after having received the intervention, as well as the recommendations they proposed to facilitate OT/SI intervention in South Africa. I found that factors such as poor awareness and understanding of OT/SI intervention amongst the participants negatively influenced their understanding of their child’s occupational performance, their role as parents and their social performance as a family in various social contexts. Key points of transformation were identified during the ‘input phase’ of OT/SI intervention, which either facilitated or created a barrier in the participants’ shift to the ‘after phase’ of OT/SI intervention. Despite the barriers, all participants perceived and experienced a shift to the ‘after phase’ of OT/SI intervention. For some participants, this shift included changes they perceived in their child, which influenced social performance of the child and family. However, for the majority of participants, this shift meant a number of factors: a better understanding and expectations of their child; changes in their child’s abilities, activities and self=worth; changes in themselves as parents and how this influenced their parent=child relationship; as well as changes in their child’s and family’s social performance in various contexts. Insight gained from the participants’ recommendations and my interpretation of findings, allowed recommendations to be made in an attempt to overcome the barriers and promote the facilitators that will make a difference to OT/SI intervention in South Africa. Recommendations were made within two contexts: the broader social context of South Africa and the context of OT/SI intervention received by children and their parents.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: As ‘n Suid=Afrikaanse arbeidsterapeut (AT), opgelei om arbeidsterapie met ‘n sensoriese integrasie benadering (AT=SI) te verskaf aan kinders en hul families, het ek persoonlike ondervinding van verskeie ouers se persepsies en ervarings omtrent AT=SI as ‘n behandelingsbenadering om die kind se arbeidsprestasie te bevorder. Dit het my laat wonder watter faktore die ouer se persepsies en ervarings sou beïnvloed, asook hoe hierdie faktore die uitkoms van die AT=SI behandeling vir die kind en die familie sou beïnvloed. Ek wou ook uitvind hoe die ouer van ‘n kind met SIA (SID), AT=SI intervensie beleef het en watter veranderinge behoort aangebring te word om te verseker dat beide die kind en die ouers se behoeftes nagekom word. Tot dusver bestaan daar geen navorsing aangaande die ouer se persepsies en ervarings van AT=SI intervensie in Suid=Afrika nie. Ten spyte hiervan word AT=SI alom gebruik deur pediatriese arbeidsterapeute in Suid=Afrika. Hierdie studie fokus dus op ouers se persoonlike ervaring van AT= SI intervensie in die Wes=Kaap, Suid=Afrika. Die doel van hierdie studie was om die persepsies en ervarings van Suid=Afrikaanse ouers wat AT= SI intervensie ontvang het, te ondersoek. Hierdie studie het nie net gepoog om vas te stel of die ouers gedink het dat AT=SI waardevol was aldan nie, maar ook om die betekenis, die breër konteks, en die proses waardeur hul opinies gevorm is en hoe dit hulle beïnvloed het, te verstaan. Die steekproef het bestaan uit nege ouers, insluitend moeders en ‘n vader, van kinders met SIA (SID), woonagtig in verskillende streke in die Wes=Kaap, Suid=Afrika. ‘n Doelgerigte steekproef is gebruik om die deelnemers vir die studie te kies. ‘n Kwalitatiewe=fenomenologiese benadering is gebruik om data in te samel deur aangesig=tot=aangesig onderhoude, waarneming van deelnemers, asook die navorser se veldnotas. Vier temas wat direk verwant was aan die doelwitte van die studie, is tydens die analise van die data geïdentifiseer. Dit het die volgende ingesluit: “Dit was moeilik want ons het nie verstaan nie”, “Ewe skielik het alles so baie sin gemaak”, “My kind in die wêreld gemobiliseer ”, “AT=SI intervensie fasiliteerders voorgestel deur die deelnemers”. Hierdie temas beskryf die vordering van die deelnemers se persepsies en ervarings voor die aanvang van AT=SI intervensie, gedurende die intervensie en ook nadat intervensie voltooi is, asook die aanbevelings wat hulle gemaak het om AT=SI intervensie in Suid=Afrika te fasiliteer. Ek het bevind dat faktore soos deelnemers se swak bewustheid en begrip van AT=SI intervensie, hul begrip van hul kind se arbeidsprestasie, hul rol as ouers en hul sosiale optrede as ‘n familie in verskeie sosiale kontekste, negatief beïnvloed het. Kernpunte van verandering is geïdentifiseer gedurende die ‘inset=fase’ van die AT=SI intervensie, wat die deelnemers se vordering na die ‘na= fase’ van AT=SI intervensie òf gefasiliteer het, òf bemoeilik het. Ten spyte van die struikelblokke het alle deelnemers ‘n skuif na die ‘na=fase’ van AT=SI intervensie waargeneem en ervaar. Vir sommige deelnemers was hierdie skuif die veranderde optrede wat hulle in hul kind waargeneem het, wat die kind en familie se sosiale gedrag verander het. Vir die meerderheid deelnemers het hierdie skuif egter ‘n aantal faktore ingesluit: ‘n beter begrip en verwagting van hulle kind; veranderinge in hulle kind se vermoëns, aktiwiteite en eiewaarde; veranderinge in hulself as ouers en hoe dit hul ouer=kind verhouding beïnvloed het; asook veranderinge in die kind en familie se sosiale gedrag in verskeie kontekste. Die deelnemers se voorstelle en my interpretasie van die bevindinge het my in staat gestel om voorstelle te maak om die struikelblokke te probeer oorkom en die fasiliteerders aan te moedig wat die verskil gaan maak in AT=SI intervensie in Suid=Afrika. Aanbevelings is gemaak vir twee areas: die wyer sosiale konteks van Suid=Afrika, asook die konteks van die AT=SI intervensie wat ontvang word deur kinders en hulle ouers.
46
Stav, Wendy. "Practice patterns of occupational therapists related to driving." Diss., NSUWorks, 2001. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/hpd_ot_student_dissertations/23.
Abstract:
"Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Occupational Therapy Department, College of Allied Health, Nova Southeastern University 2001."--T.p.
47
Taylor, M. Clare. "Occupational therapists : empowerors or oppressors? : a study of occupational therapy students' attitudes towards disabled people." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1999. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/3997/.
Abstract:
The aim of the research was to investigate the concepts of, and attitudes towards, people with physical disabilities held by occupational therapy (OT) students, so that a theory of professional attitudes and professional action could be developed. The research was building on previous research by the author, which found that OT students tended to have a maternalistic and nurturing view of disabled people, and also as a response to issues raised by the social model of disability which questioned whether OT was an oppressive or empowering profession. Utilising an integrated methodology, the research sought to address the following research questions: what, amongst OT students, is a 'professional' attitude towards disabled people? are the attitudes of OT students towards disabled people any different from those of other students? do these attitudes change over time? are there any differences in the 'personal' and 'professional' attitudes of OT students towards disabled people? how accepting of disabled people are OT students, would they be willing to work with disabled people as colleagues? is there an hierarchy of relationships for people with different impairments? what does the 'professional' attitude mean in practice? how does this 'professional' attitude develop? what factors influence its development? does contact with disabled people have any effect on attitudes? do OT students express attitudes and values which oppress or empower their disabled clients? A case study approach was used with a variety of data collection methods. The main focus of the study was the collection of data, using a questionnaire and a series of interviews, from a cohort of OT students throughout the 3 years of their OT degree. The questionnaire included the Attitudes Towards Disabled People Scale, a suitability for OT training scale, and a semantic differential exploring stereotypes of disabled people. Data were also collected from other groups of OT students comparing personal and professional attitudes and attitudes in terms of social distance, using the Disability Social Distance Scale. Comparative data was collected from non-OT students. In order to explore attitudes in greater depth a small group of students was selected from the main OT cohort and interviewed about their attitudes and approaches to disabled people at 3 points during their studies. Analysis of the data revealed that the OT students held highly positive personal and professional attitudes towards disabled people. These attitudes were also demonstrated by the use of an empowering, client-centred approach to OT interventions. However, the OT students had a tendency to focus on an individualistic and personal tragedy approach to disability. This individualistic approach might result in oppressive practice. The findings were used to develop a conceptual framework for OT interventions with disabled people which should allow therapists to articulate and develop their practice within an empowering framework.
48
Lidström, Holmqvist Kajsa. "Occupational therapy practice for clients with cognitive impairments following aquired brain injury : occupational therapists' perspective." Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskap och medicin, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-26007.
Abstract:
The overall aim of this thesis was to describe occupational therapy practice for clients with cognitive impairment following acquired brain injury (CIABI) from the perspective of practicing occupational therapists (OTs). To fulfill this aim, qualitative and quantitative approaches were used including interviews (Study I) and questionnaires (Studies II -IV). Based on the qualitative descriptions generated in Study I, a questionnaire was developed and evaluated for content validity and test-rest validity (Study II). The questionnaire was then used in a survey (Study III). The reactive Delphi technique was used to empirically define the aspects that OTs found to be consistent with the concept of therapeutic use of self (Study IV). The results showed that a predominant practice pattern was the use of ADL activities for intervention regardless of whether limitations in occupational performance or cognitive function were assessed, or whether the approach to therapy was remedial or compensatory. General ADL-instruments were used more than instruments focused on impairment level. Therapies covering a wide range of cognitive impairments, and abilities important to organizing and executing occupational performance were commonly targeted. Therapies targeting clients’ activity limitations were prioritized before remediating impairment. Therapeutic use of self was regarded as being important and the results identified clientspecific aims not earlier described in relation to therapeutic use of self. Another prominent practice pattern was the collaborative approach toward clients, relatives, and other staff. Theories used to support practice were primarily general. Occupational therapy practice for clients with CIABI was found to be complex, and the practice patterns were affected by circumstances such as the ‘hidden’ nature of the cognitive impairments, perceived lack of knowledge, and organizational issues. The results of this thesis can be used as a foundation for further research on practice patterns or the specific therapies used. It can facilitate discussions on strengths and weaknesses witcurrent practice, the need for development, and research utilization.
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Hurst, Heather Suzanne. "Using the Canadian model of occupational performance in occupational therapy practice : a case study enquiry." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2017. http://eprints.uwe.ac.uk/28439/.
Abstract:
The focus of this thesis was to understand the influence of a conceptual model of practice upon occupational therapists in a British health and social care setting. Case study methodology was used to explore the clinical practice of Occupational Therapists (OTs) in one county in England who implemented the Canadian Model of Occupational Performance (CMOP) (CAOT 1997a, 2002). The research focused upon a deeper understanding of the complex interactions between individual factors and the case being examined. This required examination of three sources of data, namely meeting minutes, artefacts and participant interviews. Each was examined separately and then themes from all three units were examined to identify themes from across the dataset to understand inter-relationships to support the development of theoretical propositions and contribute to theory building. This study identified that use of a single model, the CMOP actively encouraged practice development in this county and was a dynamic and multifaceted social process.
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Toal-Sullivan, Darene. "A sociocultural perspective of professional transition in occupational therapy." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26404.
Abstract:
This qualitative study explored the experience of professional transition from student to practitioner among six Canadian occupational therapists in the first year of their career, with a focus on how beginning practitioners learn about doing practice. A sociocultural theory of learning provided the framework to understand the role of context and activity in learning. Data collection consisted of two semi-structured interviews and a series of journal entries. An initial interview was conducted with each participant beginning in their third to fifth month of practice to discover their perception of transition, their learning needs, and the role of collaborative interactions in supporting their learning. Each participant then maintained a journal of their experience of transition and their learning experiences for one month A second interview was held with the participants in their eighth to tenth month of practice, which focussed on their change in knowledge and skills.
The transitional experiences of the research participants revealed that the support of colleagues and peers was critical to their learning and eased their adjustment to practice. They preferred to learn from an experienced occupational therapist, and the availability of this support influenced the new practitioners' choice of their first job. In their initial months of practice they struggled with their lack of practical experience, responsibilities of client care, challenges to client-centred practice and competing work demands. Their relationship with clients was particularly valuable to the participants' learning and professional identity.
Mentoring and implementing practical learning experiences in the university curriculum were suggested as strategies for easing the transition from student to therapist. The role of client interaction as a valuable source of learning was also recognized.