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Journal articles on the topic 'Occupational Sciences'
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Haltiwanger, Emily, Ivelisse Lazzarini, and Homer Nazeran. "Application of Nonlinear Dynamics Theory to Neuro-Occupation: A Case Study of Alcoholism." British Journal of Occupational Therapy 70, no. 8 (August 2007): 349–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030802260707000805.
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Nonlinear dynamics systems theory, also referred to as chaos theory, is infiltrating the biomedical and social sciences, including the practice of occupational therapy. Consequently, the Neuro-occupation model has emerged for the treatment of different illnesses, in which a therapist strives to apply the benefits of this theory. This model provides occupational therapists with a method of anticipating the natural flux between underlying or hidden order and chaos in occupations, which allows individuals to function at their highest level. These occupations typically involve the interaction of numerous variables over time. By considering a nonlinear dynamics approach in illnesses such as alcoholism, occupational therapists may understand how meaningful occupations serve as a catalyst to facilitate change, which may assist in better understanding the effect of the therapeutic relationship with the clients they serve. This paper explains the nonlinear dynamics of the interventions in a single case study on alcoholism using the Neuro-occupation model.
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Kaunnil, Anuchart, Supalak Khemthong, Sarinya Sriphetcharawut, Peeradech Thichanpiang, Veerawat Sansri, Surachart Thongchoomsin, Kannika Permpoonputtana, and Cristina R. Smith. "Occupational therapists’ experiences and perspectives towards occupation-based practice in Thailand: A mixed-methods study." British Journal of Occupational Therapy 84, no. 1 (April 8, 2020): 54–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308022620910402.
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Introduction Occupation-based practice is a core tenet of occupational therapy. This study explores perspectives and experiences with occupation-based practice among Thai occupational therapists. Method Using mixed methods, a focus group was conducted with eight occupational therapists, and the results were interpreted using thematic analysis. A questionnaire survey was also completed concerning practitioner perspectives ( n = 216). Findings Three major themes were identified: (a) perspectives on occupation-based practice were related to practice areas and felt to strengthen the identity of occupational therapy (52% strongly agree), leading to improved services and better outcomes for clients (44% strongly agree); (b) approaches focused on activities of daily living were appropriate for cross-practice areas; and (c) occupation-based practice is consistent with integrated medical sciences and occupations for clients (52% strongly agree). Conclusion Implementing occupation-based practice will be of value to clients, provide benefits as a compass to direct processes, and enhance clinical reasoning and outcomes.
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Law, Mary, Sandy Steinwender, and Leanne Leclair. "Occupation, Health and Well-Being." Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy 65, no. 2 (April 1998): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000841749806500204.
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Occupational therapists believe that there is a relationship between occupation, health and well-being but there is little evidence in the occupational therapy literature to support this belief. This paper describes the results of a critical review of research examining the relationship between occupation and health and well-being. Twenty-two studies from the health and social sciences literature were reviewed using specific methodological review criteria. The findings of these studies provide moderate to strong evidence that occupation has an important influence on health and well-being. Because most of this research has been completed with persons without disabilities, further research is required to explain the nature of the relationship between occupation and health and well-being for persons who experience a disability which affects their daily occupations
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Sella Rohmawati and Kristian Adi Putra. "OCCUPATIONAL GENDER STEREOTYPES IN INDONESIAN SECONDARY SCHOOL ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEXTBOOKS." IJLECR - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE EDUCATION AND CULTURE REVIEW 8, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/ijlecr.081.07.
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This discourse study examines occupational gender stereotypes in two textbooks of secondary English language textbooks published in Indonesia. Occupational gender stereotypes in two English textbooks, entitled When English Rings a Bell, for grades 7 and 8 were analyzed with the help of Kress and van Leeuwen (2006) framework. The findings indicate that both textbooks encompass gender stereotypes, particularly occupation. The findings also revealed far fewer photos of women in the public domain than there were of men, indicating that women in conventional gender roles such as cooking, cleaning, watering plants, caring for children, and performing all domestic activities were far more common. Furthermore, the study found that male occupations were more common and diverse than female occupations regarding occupational gender stereotypes. Furthermore, in terms of societal responsibilities, males were demonstrated to have a wider choice of vocations than girls. Gender blindness among curriculum designers and textbook authors is a severe worry in this regard, and it must be addressed to improve awareness of gender-related occupations. The study's practical implications are that English teachers, language textbook authors, curriculum creators, and illustrators should be fully aware of the interplay between language, visual depictions, and gender concerns while constructing language textbooks to avoid unwanted insights into occupational gender stereotypes.
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Mazumder, Bhashkar, and Miguel Acosta. "Using Occupation to Measure Intergenerational Mobility." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 657, no. 1 (December 10, 2014): 174–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716214552056.
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Scholarly investigations of intergenerational mobility typically focus on either the occupations of fathers and sons or their incomes. Using an identical sample of fathers and sons, we examine how estimates of intergenerational mobility in income and occupational prestige are affected by (1) measurement that uses long time averages and (2) varying the point in the life cycle when outcomes are measured. We find that intergenerational occupational mobility is overstated when using a single year of fathers’ occupation compared to a 10-year average centered on mid-career. We also find that for both income and occupation, mobility estimates are largest when sons are in their mid-career, suggesting that this may be the ideal period in which to measure their status. Finally, we see differences in the pattern of estimates across the two types of measures: for income, estimates of intergenerational persistence are highest when fathers are in their mid-career; for occupation, estimates are much larger when fathers’ occupations are accounted for late in their careers.
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Izzeddin Sarsak, Dr Hassan. "The Future of Occupational Therapy in Rehabilitation Sciences: Global Impact." Pakistan Journal of Rehabilitation 10, no. 1 (January 10, 2021): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.36283/pjr.zu.10.1/001.
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Occupational therapy (OT) is a part of quality care that adds value in holistic team of health care since it focuses on assisting people across the lifespan to recover, grow, or enhance life skills to live autonomously, productive, and content. In its least complex terms, occupational therapists assist individuals of all age group to take part in life activities with interest and desire through the beneficial use of everyday activities (occupations). Occupational Therapists (OTs) serve diverse population and diagnoses that may include mental health, psychiatric and psychosocial conditions (i.e., depression, anxiety), pediatric and developmental conditions (i.e., developmental delays, autism), geriatric conditions (i.e., dementia Alzheimer type), neurological conditions (i.e., stroke, spinal cord injuries, hand injuries), physical conditions (i.e., burns, fractures), and any other conditions that restrict participation and functional performance for individuals.
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Baah-Boateng, William. "Empirical analysis of the changing pattern of sex segregation of occupation in Ghana." International Journal of Social Economics 41, no. 8 (August 5, 2014): 650–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-04-2013-0099.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to assess the changing pattern and direction of sex segregation of occupation as a measure of unbalanced distribution of occupation by sex in Ghana between 1960 and 2010, identify the sources of the changes and show whether female-male earnings difference has changed in line with the changes in occupational segregation. Design/methodology/approach – The paper applies two segregation indices to data from population censuses and household surveys in the empirical analysis Findings – The outcome of the segregation measure indicates a generally modest to high but declining occupational sex segregation in Ghana over a period of five decades. Sex composition and occupational mix effects are found to be the underlying drivers of the declining segregation with the former coming up strongly during the initial 40 years. This has, however, not translated into narrowing female-male earnings gap. Practical implications – The paper recommends measures towards economic transformation for a change in occupational structure backed by implementation of education policy to enhance female access to male-dominated science and engineering programmes and employment in high-skill occupations. Originality/value – The strength of the paper is seen from its originality as it is the first attempt to assess changing pattern of occupational segregation over a long period of five decades with consistent and comparable data sources.
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Kim, Lanu. "Geographical Locations of Occupations and Information and Communication Technology: Do Online Tools Impact Where People in the United States Live and Work?" SAGE Open 11, no. 3 (July 2021): 215824402110376. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440211037663.
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This article investigates whether the development of information and communication technology (ICT) contributes to the dispersion of wealthy and talented people and helps prevent the concentration of wealth in only a few cities. In between some authors’ positive speculation on the role of ICT in reducing the necessity of physical distance and others’ emphasis on the vital role of offline interaction, the current research takes a broader view and investigates whether the technology impacts the concentration of jobs across the U.S. cities in the years 2006 and 2016. Using data from Occupational Employment Statistics surveys and the Occupational Information Network, I measure the significance of location for occupations by exploring geographical concentration and the interdependence of occupation dyads. The results show there is no evidence to support the assertion that ICT skills required for occupation were negatively associated with the geographical dispersion of the occupation in the study period. Instead, the research indicates that occupational ICT strengthened the geographical interdependence of occupations. The finds show that, in particular, jobs requiring higher ICT skills continued to be bounded to locations between 2006 and 2016. Overall, the results show there is no evidence for the claim that ICT is associated with the dispersion of geographical locations of occupations. The results suggest that rising communication technology will not necessarily diminish the concentration of good jobs or wealth inequality between cities.
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Eccles, Jacquelynne S., and Ming-Te Wang. "What motivates females and males to pursue careers in mathematics and science?" International Journal of Behavioral Development 40, no. 2 (November 22, 2015): 100–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025415616201.
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Drawing on Eccles’ expectancy-value model of achievement-related choices, we examined the personal aptitudes and motivational beliefs at 12th grade that move individuals toward or away from science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) occupations at age 29. In the first set of analyses, occupational and lifestyle values, math ability self-concepts, family demographics, and high school course-taking more strongly predicted both individual and gender differences in the likelihood of entering STEM careers than math scores on the Differential Aptitude Test. In the second set of analyses, individual and gender differences in career decisions within STEM disciplines (health, biological, and medical sciences (HBMS) versus mathematics, physical, engineering, and computer sciences (MPECS)) were best predicted by occupational values (i.e. preferences for work that were people oriented and altruistic predicted entrance into HBMS instead of MPECS careers). Females were less likely to hold the beliefs that predicted selection of STEM in general, but those who did choose STEM were more likely to select HBMS than MPECS. One Sentence Summary: Gender differences in selecting STEM related and health, biological, and medical occupations result primarily from gender differences in occupational and lifestyle values.
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GREENSTEIN, THEODORE N. "Occupation and Divorce." Journal of Family Issues 6, no. 3 (September 1985): 347–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019251385006003006.
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Analyses of the combined General Social Surveys for 1972-1983 are used to estimate propensity to divorce (proportion of ever-married persons who have ever been divorced or legally separated) for major occupational categories and for selected occupations. Separate analyses for males and females show significant estimated effects of occupation on propensity to divorce even when occupational prestige, age, age at first marriage, income, education, and number of children are statistically controlled. Contrary to the findings of previous studies, male professional and technical workers do not have the lowest propensity to divorce. Propensity to divorce for male professional and technical workers, when adjusted for income, occupational prestige, age, age at first marriage, education, and number of children, is higher than for any occupational category except transport equipment operatives. For female workers, on the other hand, professional and technical workers do have the lowest propensity to divorce among nonfarm workers.
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Wilcock, Ann A. "Occupational Science: Bridging Occupation and Health." Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy 72, no. 1 (February 2005): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000841740507200105.
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Background. The paper is based on a keynote address delivered at the 2004 CAOT Conference in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island Occupational therapists are widely associated with a medical model of health care in which recognition of how engagement in occupation contributes to health status is poorly understood. Occupational science as the study of people as occupational beings has the potential to increase such understanding. Purpose. This paper considers some aspects of the relationship between health and the occupations of older people to highlight avenues for change and the research required to support them. Method. The paper is structured around a simple verse of dialogue between a healthy old man and an occupational therapist. Explanation of the dialogue draws upon historical and current literature as well as occupational science research to provide a rationale for future practice based on broader concepts of occupation for health. Results and Practice Suggestions. The dialogue promotes the need for discussion about health and about the health notion of Active Ageing. It highlights professional language as one impediment to change and suggests that research concerning occupation as it relates to population health is a primary requirement for the future of occupational therapy.
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Aiken, Fran E., Anne M. Fourt, Isabella K. S. Cheng, and Helene J. Polatajko. "The Meaning Gap in Occupational Therapy: Finding Meaning in our Own Occupation." Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy 78, no. 5 (January 1, 2011): 294–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.2182/cjot.2011.78.5.4.
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Background. Occupation is a core concept of our profession, yet little is understood about how therapists use occupation in clinical practice. Purpose. This study explores frontline clinicians' experience with occupation-based practice in a large academic health sciences centre. Methods. A qualitative constructivist study was conducted using thematic analysis, following in-depth interviews with 12 occupational therapists. Findings. Participants described the existence of two realities: Occupational therapy as they felt it should be practiced and as it actually is practiced. When the two were incongruent, participants experienced a meaning gap, which was expressed through four themes to reveal that a personal sense of occupation guides practice and transforms the meaning of the job. Implications. The exploration of personal occupational meaning through conscious self-reflection and co-creation of meaning with clients and their health care teams may serve to bridge the meaning gap.
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Still, Julie, and Zara Wilkinson. "The use of librarians as occupational study populations in social science research." Library Review 63, no. 1/2 (May 2, 2014): 2–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lr-07-2013-0092.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to address the use of librarians as a study population in social science research outside of the field of library and information science. Additionally, it aims to make general claims about how frequently librarians have been studied compared to other occupations, as well as to identify and describe existing research that has used librarians as a study population. Design/methodology/approach – The described study had two parts. Two social science databases were searched using the subject headings “librarians” and eight additional occupations, and the results for all nine occupations were analyzed. The peer-reviewed results for “librarians” were then coded by content. The articles that used librarians as a study population were identified, reviewed and described. Findings – Although librarians, as an occupational group, possess many characteristics that should make them an ideal choice for social science research, they seem to be studied less frequently than other occupations. Research limitations/implications – Other occupational groups, such as mathematicians, were also studied infrequently. Further research might consider, more broadly, why some occupations are studied more frequently than others. Future studies might also compare librarianship to other female-dominated professions, such as nursing and education. Additionally, the subject heading “librarians” was applied to articles that studied non-professional library employees, making it difficult to isolate only articles with a focus on degreed librarians. Originality/value – Few other studies have examined social science research in which librarians are used as the study population. By focusing on how librarians are studied and written about in other fields, this paper will add to the body of literature on the professional image of librarians.
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Guidotti, Tee L. "The Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences." Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health 60, no. 1 (January 2005): 3–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3200/aeoh.60.1.3-5.
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Somen, Tugba, and Azer Dogus Somen. "Occupational problems of social sciences teachers." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 9 (2010): 313–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.12.156.
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Sobek, Matthew. "Work, Status, and Income." Social Science History 20, no. 2 (1996): 169–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200021593.
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The historical record rarely presents researchers with precisely the evidence they desire. This is particularly true for social historians and like-minded scholars, whose subjects left precious few signs of their passing. Consequently, certain data have borne a disproportionate evidentiary load in social-historical research. The occupation a person pursued is one key piece of information on which scholars have come to depend. Our understanding of the historical social structure and where people fit into it is bound up with the interpretation of occupations. But this reliance on occupation as the primary social locator in historical research depends on some largely unexamined premises. Whether scholars group occupations or convert them into numerical status measures, they make assumptions about the nature of the occupational structure. When researchers incorporate change over time into their analyses, they suggest that the meaning of occupations remained stable for the purpose of measuring social mobility, class position, or group status-attainment. This assumption has been the subject of little discussion and even less research. For all the use to which historians have put occupation, there has been little effort to assess systematically its stability as a social or economic indicator.
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Sergeev, V. N., and M. A. Artemeva. "Teaching activity of Lev Kipriyanovich Khotzyanov." Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology, no. 9 (March 19, 2020): 748. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2019-59-9-748-749.
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One of the activities of Academician of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences Lev Kipriyanovich Khotsyanov was teaching to young professionals the basics and versatile developments in the science of worker's health preserving - aspects of occupational health, popularizing research on integrated occupational hygiene and medicine.
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Tkachenko, A. A., and A. B. Ginoyan. "Assessment of the Occupational Structure of Employed in Regions." Economy of Region 17, no. 4 (2021): 1224–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2021-4-13.
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Since 2008, Russia has been conducting special surveys on the occupational structure of employed in the form of a federal statistical observation «On the number and needs of organisations for employees by professional groups». The present study aims to assess the data obtained from this observation for 2008–2018, as well as to compare the methodologies of Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat) and the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO-08). The impact of such relevant skills as emotional intelligence and data literacy on vocational training and the emergence of new professions associated with information economy is discussed. The comparative analysis demonstrated that the economy demands highly-qualified specialists in all Russian regions. Simultaneously, the research revealed the impossibility of considering the specificity of regional structures due to the insufficiency of information for predictive assessments of structural changes and the lack of data on occupations in small business and financial and social insurance sectors. According to the analysis of the dynamics of vacancies for various groups of occupations, the linear trend in the total amount of vacancies tends to decrease. The absence of relevant regional data prevents an in-depth analysis of regional differences and the construction of econometric models to identify the reasons for these differences. Additionally, it is impossible to assess the determinants of the lack of qualified staff by professional groups in Russian regions without these data. The study concludes that researchers and experts, using the Rosstat methodology, should not synonymise the concepts of occupation, speciality and type of activity. The research results can be used to expand Rosstat’s survey of occupations, in particular, its database for Russian regions, as well as to improve the methodology for statistical observation of occupational structure of the employed.
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Gedikli, Cigdem. "Occupational Gender Segregation in Turkey: The Vertical and Horizontal Dimensions." Journal of Family and Economic Issues 41, no. 1 (December 10, 2019): 121–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10834-019-09656-w.
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AbstractThis paper investigated occupational gender segregation and its vertical and horizontal dimensions in Turkey. In order to explore the extent of inequality entailed in occupational gender segregation (measured by the vertical dimension), average pay levels across occupations were used. In addition to the economic inequalities captured by pay, aiming to explore the social inequalities inherent in occupational segregation, Cambridge Social Interaction and Stratification Scale scores across occupations were used. The results showed that the extent of inequality associated with occupational gender segregation was substantial, operating to the detriment of women. Women were more likely to be employed in lower-paid jobs and in occupations that ranked lower across the overall stratification structure, while men remained at an advantaged position in terms of both the pay levels and the positions of the occupations they held in the social hierarchy.
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Laliberte Rudman, Debbie. "Enacting the Critical Potential of Occupational Science: Problematizing the ‘Individualizing of Occupation’." Journal of Occupational Science 20, no. 4 (October 2013): 298–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14427591.2013.803434.
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Laliberte Rudman, Debbie. "Embracing and Enacting an ‘Occupational Imagination’: Occupational Science as Transformative." Journal of Occupational Science 21, no. 4 (February 24, 2014): 373–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14427591.2014.888970.
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Lambert, Paul, Vernon Gayle, Larry Tan, Ken Turner, Richard Sinnott, and Ken Prandy. "Data Curation Standards and Social Science Occupational Information Resources." International Journal of Digital Curation 2, no. 1 (December 2, 2008): 73–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2218/ijdc.v2i1.15.
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Occupational information resources - data about the characteristics of different occupational positions - are widely used in the social sciences, across a range of disciplines and international contexts. They are available in many formats, most often constituting small electronic files that are made freely downloadable from academic web pages. However there are several challenges associated with how occupational information resources are distributed to, and exploited by, social researchers. In this paper we describe features of occupational information resources, and indicate the role digital curation can play in exploiting them. We report upon the strategies used in the GEODE research project (Grid Enabled Occupational Data Environment1). This project attempts to develop long-term standards for the distribution of occupational information resources, by providing a standardized framework-based electronic depository for occupational information resources, and by providing a data indexing service, based on e-Science middleware, which collates occupational information resources and makes them readily accessible to non-specialist social scientists.
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Vaast, Emmanuelle, and Alain Pinsonneault. "When Digital Technologies Enable and Threaten Occupational Identity: The Delicate Balancing Act of Data Scientists." MIS Quarterly 45, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 1087–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.25300/misq/2021/16024.
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Occupations are increasingly embedded with and affected by digital technologies. These technologies both enable and threaten occupational identity and create two important tensions: they make the persistence of an occupation possible while also potentially rendering it obsolete, and they magnify both the similarity and distinctiveness of occupations with regard to other occupations. Based on the critical case study of an online community dedicated to data science, we investigate longitudinally how data scientists address the two tensions of occupational identity associated with digital technologies and reach transient syntheses in terms of “optimal distinctiveness” and “persistent extinction.” We propose that identity work associated with digital technologies follows a composite life-cycle and dialectical process. We explain that people constantly need to adjust and redefine their occupational identity, i.e., how they define who they are and what they do. We contribute to scholarship on digital technologies and identity work by illuminating how people deal in an ongoing manner with digital technologies that simultaneously enable and threaten their occupational identity.
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BATAWI, M. A. "Occupational Health Sciences and Practice in the 1990s." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 572, no. 1 Occupational (December 1989): 207–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1989.tb13602.x.
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Williams, Mark, and Maria Koumenta. "Occupational closure and job quality: The case of occupational licensing in Britain." Human Relations 73, no. 5 (April 17, 2019): 711–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018726719843170.
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The notion of job quality has been at the forefront of academic and policy-debates, best crystallized in the pursuit to create more but also better jobs as a route to economic prosperity. Motivated by the need to better understand how occupational-level structures shape job quality, we derive predictions from the occupational closure literature to explore how occupational licensing – the strongest and fastest growing form of closure – shapes job quality in Britain. Using nationally-representative data over several decades, we find that the effects of licensing tend to be confined to jobs in the most stringently-licensed occupations, with such jobs having higher pay, lower job insecurity, greater opportunities for skill-use, and higher continuous learning requirements – relative to jobs in similarly-skilled unlicensed occupations. Of particular concern, however, is the finding that jobs in stringently-licensed occupations are also characterized by significantly lower task discretion and significantly higher job demands. Overall, our study adds a new dimension to job quality debates by highlighting the role of emergent occupational-level institutional structures in shaping job quality, and further, that despite the overall positive effects closure strategies have, they may come at a cost to certain critical intrinsic dimensions of job quality.
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KULIK, LIAT. "Occupational Sex-Typing and Occupational Prestige." Youth & Society 30, no. 2 (December 1998): 164–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0044118x98030002002.
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Hunegnaw, Berhanemeskel, Mesafint Molla, Yihun Mulugeta, and Maru Meseret. "Assessment of Occupational Injury among Industrial Workers in the Bahir Dar City of Northwest Ethiopia: Institution-Based Cross-Sectional Study." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2021 (March 20, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2793053.
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Background. Ethiopia is one of the economically fastest growing countries in the world. Industries in Ethiopia are booming, and Bahir Dar is one of the industrial zones in the country. The city administration is planning to recruit the majority of the workforce in these industries. However, injuries related to occupations in the industries are not that much studied yet. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of occupational injury and its associated factors among industrial workers in the Bahir Dar city of Northwest Ethiopia. Methods and Materials. Institution-based cross-sectional study design was used. Multistage stratified random sampling technique was employed to select 846 study participants from each stratum (small-, medium-, and large-scale industries). Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 21. Binary logistic regression was employed to determine the existence of an association between dependent and independent variables. Result. A total of 803 participants were included in the study with a response rate of 95%. The mean age of respondents was 28.9 years (SD ± 8 years). Five hundred nine (63.4%) were occupationally injured in the last 12 months. Sex (AOR = 3.66, 95% CI = (2.53–5.29)), employment status (AOR = 7.33, 95% CI = (3.31–16.22)), regular health and safety supervision (AOR = 2.66, 95% CI= (1.79–3.96)), training prior to entry to actual work (AOR = 3.18, 95% CI= (2.14–4.74)), and use of personal protective equipment (PPE) (AOR = 2.48, 95% CI= (1.74–3.56)) were significantly associated with occupational injury. Conclusion. The prevalence of occupational injury in this research is found to be very high. It is advisable to provide sustainable training and regular occupational health and safety supervision for industrial workers in the city. Moreover, research has to be conducted to know the reasons for the difference in the prevalence of occupational injury between large-, medium-, and small-scale industries.
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DRIBE, MARTIN, and CHRISTER LUNDH. "Partner choice and intergenerational occupational mobility: the case of nineteenth-century rural Sweden." Continuity and Change 24, no. 3 (November 24, 2009): 487–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416009990178.
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ABSTRACTThis article studies the effects of marriage partner choice on occupational attainment and mobility in five rural parishes in southern Sweden between about 1815 and 1894. It uses an individual-level database containing information on a large number of marriages and the occupational origin of the marrying couple, regardless of whether they were born in the parish or not. Occupations are coded in HISCO and classified using HISCLASS. The results indicate the presence of occupational homogamy in this rural society. The social origin of the partner also mattered a great deal for subsequent occupational attainment and mobility, both upwards and downwards.
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Nathie, Mahmood, and Mohamad Abdalla. "Courses Preferences and Occupational Aspirations of Students in Australian Islamic Schools." Religions 11, no. 12 (December 10, 2020): 663. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel11120663.
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Course selection by year 11 and 12 students exert a significant influence on occupational outcomes of young people. While many studies have been conducted by the Australian Council for Educational Research (ACER) across a broad spectrum of schools, not much is known about this aspect in relation to Islamic School students. In this research, data was collected on student course choice from nine randomly selected Islamic schools across Australia. For the first time, the results reveal the most prevalent course clusters studied by students are Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) aligned courses. Mathematics and sciences followed by legal and business studies sit at the peak of the course hierarchy. Long-held views and anecdotal evidence that suggest Arabic and Islamic Studies feature prominently in course selection proved to be unfounded. Preference for these courses are shown to be very low. Vocational Education & Training (VET) courses do not feature prominently in Islamic school curriculums to the disadvantage of students who may wish to pursue non-academic careers instead of opting for university inspired career paths. Professionally, medicine, engineering, law and business (in that order) are the most preferred occupations. We also find a conspicuous gender-based difference regarding course selection and occupational aspirations.
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Nam, So-Hee, and Yeon-Jeong Heo. "The Effect of Occupational Stress among Occupational Groups Related to Healthcare Accreditation on Turnover Intention." Quality Improvement in Health Care 28, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.14371/qih.2022.28.1.55.
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Purpose: This study aims to investigate the factors influencing health personnel's occupational stress on turnover intention regarding healthcare accreditation.Methods: A survey was conducted from May 17 to May 31, 2021, among participants to examine occupational stress and turnover intention among health personnel working at a 188-bed specialized hospital in Seoul that is preparing for healthcare accreditation.Results: Occupational stress regarding healthcare accreditation was found to have a positive correlation with turnover intention (r=.698, <i>p</i> <.001), and influenced turnover intention the most, which explains the variance of 55.8% (F=29.015, <i>p</i> <.001). There were significant differences between occupational groups in job stress (F=13.292, <i>p</i><.001) and turnover intention (F=10.930, <i>p</i> <.001) in the healthcare accreditation.Conclusion: Occupational stress regarding healthcare accreditation is higher in nursing than in other occupations, indicating the need to lower the turnover intention of nurses by preparing a national institutional standard for nursing manpower and also put in place an appropriate compensation system for each hospital seeking accreditation.
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Woods, Stephen A., Fiona C. Patterson, Bart Wille, and Anna Koczwara. "Personality and occupational specialty." Career Development International 21, no. 3 (June 13, 2016): 262–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cdi-10-2015-0130.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to re-examine the role of personality in occupational specialty choice, to better understand how and in what ways personality traits might influence vocational development after a person has chosen a career. Design/methodology/approach – The study tested hypotheses in a sample of UK medical students, each of whom had chosen their specialty pathway, and completed a measure of the Big Five personality traits. Associations of the junior doctor’s Big Five personality traits with the Holland’s realistic, investigative, artistic, social, enterprising, conventional (RIASEC) profiles of their medical specialty selections (derived from the O*NET database) were examined. Findings – Findings provided good support for the hypotheses. Junior doctors’ agreeableness (with social) and neuroticism (with realistic, artistic and enterprising) were the main predictors of the RIASEC profiles of their specialty selections. Research limitations/implications – The findings suggest that personality traits influence specialty selection in predictable ways, and differently compared to occupational choice. The paper discusses findings within a theoretical framework that explains how and why trait influences on within occupational specialty selection differ from influences on occupational interest and choice more broadly. The potential mechanisms underlying these associations are explored in the context of motivational aspects of agreeableness and neuroticism. Practical implications – Within-occupation specialties should feature in career guidance discussions and interventions more explicitly to enable people to decide whether occupational specialties are available that appeal to their individual differences. Originality/value – This is the first study to examine the relations of personality and occupational specialty through the lens of the RIASEC model, and the first to propose cross-occupation theoretical pathways from personality to specialty choice. The data from the field of medicine enable us to test the propositions in a suitably diverse set of occupational specialties.
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Lichtenstein, Paul, Scott L. Hershberger, and Nancy L. Pedersen. "Dimensions of occupations: genetic and environmental influences." Journal of Biosocial Science 27, no. 2 (April 1995): 193–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000022690.
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SummaryThis study investigates the dimensions of occupation, and distances between occupational categories, by using intra-pair differences in adult occupational position for identical twins reared apart. Status and farm dimensions of occupation were identified. The results validate the use of occupational status as a dimension of occupational position. The causes of individual differences for the derived status dimension were also evaluated, based on groups of identical and fraternal twins reared apart or together. Genetic effects accounted for a substantial amount of the variance in occupational status for men, while shared and non-shared environmental effects were of about equal importance. For women, genetic effects were less important, and shared and non-shared environmental effects accounted for more of the variation. The results confirm that genetic effects are important sources of the familial resemblance often found for occupational status for men.
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Torre, Margarita. "Attrition from Male-dominated Occupations." Sociological Perspectives 60, no. 4 (December 23, 2016): 665–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0731121416683160.
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Women in male-dominated occupations remain at a considerable risk of attrition. This study examines both the consequences of being an occupational minority and the effect of occupational attributes on women’s exit from male-dominated occupations. Drawing on prior theories and empirical studies, I argue that women in high-status occupations are better prepared than women in low-status occupations to overcome obstacles derived from their minority status. Using the Current Population Survey data set and the Occupational Information Network database, this study reveals that a greater proportion of males in an occupation increases the probability of exit from low-status occupations, once we account for relevant individual and occupational attributes. Conversely, women employed in high-status occupations are less likely to leave strongly male-dominated occupations. These findings underscore that women’s attrition from male-dominated occupations cannot be adequately explained without considering differences among women at the moment of hiring.
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Kielsgaard, Kamilla, Pernille Tanggaard Andersen, Sissel Horghagen, Dorthe Nielsen, Mette Hartvig Hansen, and Hanne Kaae Kristensen. "Enhancing engagement in meaningful occupation in a dementia town: A qualitative evaluation of MOED – The meaningful occupational engagement intervention for people with dementia." Dementia 21, no. 3 (January 12, 2022): 731–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14713012211053986.
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Introduction Engagement in meaningful everyday life occupations is linked to well-being. However, people with dementia are often deprived of engagement. As a response, a Danish Dementia Town was established with the intention of transforming care services to improve opportunities for meaningful engagement. The evidence-based The meaningful occupational engagement intervention for people with dementia (MOED) intervention was developed and implemented in dementia town to enhance meaningful occupational engagement. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the content, impact and implementation process of MOED. Method To evaluate MOED, we applied a program theory-based qualitative approach, building on participant observations and informal conversations with people with dementia ( n = 7) and staff ( n = 9). Data were analysed from a hermeneutic approach to gain an in-depth understanding of how MOED influenced meaningful occupational engagement and to evaluate the implementation process. Findings The main theme ‘Engagement in meaningful occupations – a conditional and fragile process’ emerged along with three subthemes: ‘Creating an everyday space of meaning: Conditions of the intervention’, ‘Occupational engagement as an opportunity to blossom: Impact of the intervention’ and ‘Professional identity, culture and reflections: Contextual barriers to changes to working practice’. Together, the subthemes illustrate how engagement in meaningful occupations arose. However, opportunities to engage in meaningful occupations were fragile, as they depended on various factors within the context. Conclusion Engagement in meaningful occupations emerged when MOED was applied in accordance with the program theory, as it seemed to create spaces where people with dementia could engage in meaningful occupations and they could blossom over time. However, MOED was only partially implemented in accordance with the developed program theory, as several contextual barriers influenced the sustainability of the intervention. MOED showed potential to support improvement in dementia care activity programmes to enhance opportunities to engage in meaningful occupations in everyday life for people living with dementia.
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Reed, Kathlyn L. "Pioneering occupational therapy and occupational science: Ideas and practitioners before 1917." Journal of Occupational Science 24, no. 4 (March 14, 2017): 400–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14427591.2017.1296369.
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Cordeiro, Rafael Alves, and Rogério Muniz de Andrade. "Raynaud’s phenomenon in the occupational context." Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira 65, no. 10 (October 2019): 1314–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.65.10.1314.
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SUMMARY OBJECTIVE To review articles that evaluated the prevalence of Raynaud’s phenomenon of occupational origin. METHODS The search for articles was carried out in the Medline (via PubMed), Embase, Web of Science, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), and Latin America and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (Lilacs) databases. RESULTS 64 articles were obtained from the electronic search; 18 articles met the eligibility criteria. All studies discussed the exposure to vibrations in the upper limbs. In 6 of them, the thermal issue was directly or indirectly addressed. No studies have addressed exposure to vinyl chloride. CONCLUSIO In general, a higher prevalence of Raynaud’s phenomenon was found among vibratory tool operators compared to non-exposed workers, with an increase in the number of cases the higher the level of vibration and the time of exposure. Cold is a triggering and aggravating factor of the Raynaud phenomenon and seems to play an important role in the emergence of vascular manifestations of the hand-arm vibration syndrome.
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Chalegre, Casiana Tertuliano, and Davy Leandro Leite Melo. "Análise da prática de telessaúde em terapia ocupacional em um hospital universitário cardiológico/Analysis of the telehealth practice in occupational therapy in a university cardiological hospital." Revista Interinstitucional Brasileira de Terapia Ocupacional - REVISBRATO 5, no. 3 (August 2, 2021): 423–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.47222/2526-3544.rbto36121.
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Contextualização: Este relato tem como objetivo descrever o planejamento e os procedimentos adotados para a estruturação da prática da Terapia Ocupacional em Telessaúde com pacientes cardiopatas. Processo de intervenção: A atuação do terapeuta ocupacional na cardiologia busca planejar, prevenir e tratar as disfunções ocupacionais relacionadas às doenças cardiovasculares e que podem levar a deficiências, incapacidades e desvantagem social. Análise crítica da prática: O telemonitoramento em Terapia Ocupacional com estes pacientes está fundamentado no Modelo da Ocupação Humana e na abordagem centrada no cliente. Os objetivos chave foram traçados com base na avaliação terapêutica-ocupacional, que considerou interesses e ocupações desses indivíduos.Palavras-chave: Telemonitoramento. Terapia Ocupacional. Hospital Universitário. Cardiologia. AbstractContextualization: This report has the object to discribe the planning and the procedures adopted to structure the practice of Occupational Therapy in telehealth with cardiac patients. Intervention process: The occupational therapist’s performance in cardiology quests planning, preventing and treating the occupational disfunctions related to cardiovasvular diseases, which can lead to deficits, inability and social disadvantage. Practice analysis: The occupational therapy telehealth with these patients are based in the Model of Human Occupation with a client centered approach. The key objectives were planed through occupational therapy’s avaliation, which considered interests and occupations of the individuals.Keywords: Telemonitoring. Occupational Therapy. Universitary Hospital. Cardiology.ResumenContextualización: Este informe tiene como objetivo describir la planificación y los procedimientos adoptados para estructurar la práctica de la terapia ocupacional en telesalud con pacientes cardíacos. Proceso de intervención: El papel del terapeuta ocupacional en cardiología busca planificar, prevenir y tratar los trastornos ocupacionales relacionados con enfermedades cardiovasculares y que pueden conducir a discapacidades, discapacidades y desventajes sociales. Análisis crítico de la práctica: La telemonitorización en la terapia ocupacional con estos pacientes se basa en el modelo de ocupación humana y el enfoque centrado en el cliente. Los objetivos se elaboraron con base en la evaluación terapéutico-ocupacional, que consideró los intereses y ocupaciones de estos individuos.Palabras clave: Telemonitorización. Terapia ocupacional. Hospital Universitario. Cardiología.
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MacPhee, David, and Silvia Sara Canetto. "Women in Academic Atmospheric Sciences." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 96, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-12-00215.1.
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Abstract Past studies suggest that the atmospheric sciences may have the fewest women of all geosciences occupations. The purpose of this study was to document the representation of women in the academic atmospheric sciences, specifically women’s representation among faculty in U.S. atmospheric sciences doctoral programs. A second purpose was to describe the demographic profile, educational preparation, and occupational destination of atmospheric sciences graduate students—as a way to gauge the characteristics and progress of women potentially in the pipeline for academic positions. Data on atmospheric sciences faculty (N = 813) were collected from the websites of 34 doctoral programs. Women constituted 17% of tenure-track and tenured atmospheric sciences faculty. Most departments (53%) had two or fewer female tenure-track or tenured faculty members. The proportion of female faculty members declined as academic rank increased. Institutional data for graduate students (N = 1,153) at a subset of these programs showed that at matriculation, women represented 39% of the students. The typical provenience disciplines of atmospheric sciences graduate students were majors with a low participation of women. Finally, significantly fewer women than men completed their doctoral degrees or pursued academic careers upon completion of the doctorate. Only 20% of doctoral degree completers who chose academia were women. Based on these findings and those of related studies, we forecast a persisting scarcity of female faculty members in U.S. atmospheric sciences doctoral programs.
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Dark, Esther, and Sarah Carter. "Shifting identities: exploring occupational identity for those in recovery from an eating disorder." Qualitative Research Journal 20, no. 1 (November 23, 2019): 127–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qrj-07-2019-0054.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the nature, transition and formation of occupational identity for those in recovery from eating disorders (EDs). Design/methodology/approach Semi-structured “episodic” interviews were carried out with six women, self-identifying in recovery from an ED. Narrative-type-analysis produced a distilled narrative of participants’ accounts, before use of thematic analysis compared and extracted pertinent themes. Findings During recovery from an ED, significant shifts occurred in occupational identities, moving from sole identification with the ED, to a greater understanding of self; facilitated by increased engagement in meaningful occupations, adapting occupational meaning, connecting with self and others and the importance of becoming and belonging. Originality/value This is the first known piece of research exploring occupational identity in relation to EDs. The findings are applicable to occupational therapists and add to the growing body of qualitative research into EDs.
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Jackson, C. L., I. Wright, O. T. Winful, L. Feinstein, and I. Adams. "0367 Social Determinants of Black-White Disparities in the Work-Sleep Relationship by Occupational Class: A Sequential Mixed Methods Approach." Sleep 43, Supplement_1 (April 2020): A140—A141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.364.
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Abstract Introduction Although Black adults disproportionately work in lower-wage, lower-skilled jobs and experience short sleep (<7 hours), which has been shown to vary by employment industry and occupation, there is scant literature regarding the influence of the work-sleep relationship on racial/ethnic sleep disparities. Our prior quantitative research based on nationally-representative data revealed a novel finding that the prevalence of short sleep was generally highest at professional occupational classes among Black adults but was the least prevalent among their White counterparts. Methods To identify reasons for short sleep generally increasing with increasing professional occupations among blacks but decreasing among whites, we conducted a qualitative study using a sequential mixed methods design among Black and White workers across a range of industries and occupations. Occupations were classified as “professional” (e.g., doctors; lawyers) or “non-professional” (e.g., retail; food service). Race-matched trained facilitators conducted 36 focus groups that were homogenous in terms of race-sex/gender-occupational class and 63 one-on-one interviews (N=334 overall participants) using semi-structured interview guides. NVivo software was used to identify themes/patterns. Results Participants were a mean age of 41 ± 11 years, 42% were men, 58% had an annual income of ≥$50,000, and 57% were professionals. Black professionals overwhelmingly described less informational and emotional support as well as needing to “work twice as hard to get half as far” (i.e., John Henryism) compared to coworkers as potential explanations for work-sleep disparities. Both Black and White professionals identified longstanding social structures, interpersonal discrimination, income disparities, and familial or self-imposed pressures to succeed. White professional women frequently reported experiences with gender discrimination, which - they reported - may intersect with and amplify the effects of racial discrimination among Black women. Regardless of occupational class, Black men additionally described unique stressors (e.g., political climate; finances; police). White men frequently avoided discussing disparities, and the existence of disparities was often denied/questioned by non-professionals across race and sex/gender. Conclusion Our findings inform future research and interventions designed to illuminate and/or address sleep disparities emanating from the workplace. Support This work was funded by the Intramural Program at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (Z1AES103325-01).
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Tyldesley, Barbara. "Biological Sciences in Occupational Therapy Education: A Review Carried Out at One Occupational Therapy School." British Journal of Occupational Therapy 49, no. 9 (September 1986): 285–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030802268604900904.
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This paper looks at pre-entry examination passes in the biological sciences at ‘O’ and ‘A’ level and the effect that these have on occupational therapy students' performance in anatomy and physiology in the first year of the course at the Liverpool College of Occupational Therapy. Results suggest that there was no significant relationship between the two in six out of the seven years studied (1977–1984).
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Blank, Alison Anne, Priscilla Harries, and Frances Reynolds. "‘Without Occupation You Don't Exist’: Occupational Engagement and Mental Illness." Journal of Occupational Science 22, no. 2 (February 6, 2014): 197–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14427591.2014.882250.
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Cowden, Ronald R., S. Basu, and J. R. Millette. "Electron Microscopy in Forensic, Occupational, and Environmental Health Sciences." Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 107, no. 1 (January 1988): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3226403.
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Folha, Débora Ribeiro da Silva Campos, and Patricia Carla De Souza Della Barba. "Subsídios da perspectiva ocupacional para a abordagem ao desenvolvimento infantil/Subsidies from the occupational perspective for the approach to child development." Revista Interinstitucional Brasileira de Terapia Ocupacional - REVISBRATO 5, no. 4 (November 8, 2021): 647–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.47222/2526-3544.rbto40641.
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Objetivo: Este manuscrito aborda a centralidade da compreensão das ocupações para a Terapia Ocupacional e objetiva apresentar a perspectiva ocupacional, enquanto subsídio para a compreensão e a atuação profissional dos terapeutas ocupacionais, junto à infância. Síntese dos elementos do estudo: Ancorado no conceito de desenvolvimento ocupacional, discutimos a perspectiva do desenvolvimento infantil, a partir e para o engajamento das crianças em ocupações. Conclusão: Acreditamos que a perspectiva ocupacional corresponde a um referencial de base para subsidiar as intervenções de terapeutas ocupacionais junto ao público infantil, na busca pelo fortalecimento da oferta de práticas e da produção de conhecimento, fundamentados nas bases e especificidades da Terapia Ocupacional.Palavras-chave: Terapia Ocupacional. Desenvolvimento infantil. Ocupações infantis. AbstractObjective: This manuscript addresses the centrality of understanding occupations for Occupational Therapy and aims to present the occupational perspective as a basis for understanding and the professional performance of occupational therapists in childhood. Synthesis of the study elements: Anchored in the concept of occupational development, we discuss the perspective of child development from and for the engagement of children in occupations. Conclusion: We believe that the occupational perspective corresponds to a basic reference to subsidize the interventions of occupational therapists with children, in the search for strengthening the offer of practices and the production of knowledge based on the bases and specificities of Occupational Therapy.Keywords: Occupational Therapy. Child development. Children's occupations ResumenObjetivo: Este manuscrito aborda la centralidad de la comprensión de las ocupaciones para la Terapia Ocupacional y tiene como objetivo presentar la perspectiva ocupacional como base para la comprensión y el desempeño profesional de los terapeutas ocupacionales en la infancia. Síntesis de los elementos de estudio: Anclado en el concepto de desarrollo ocupacional, discutimos la perspectiva del desarrollo infantil desde y para la participación de los niños en las ocupaciones. Conclusión: Creemos que la perspectiva ocupacional corresponde a un referente básico para subsidiar las intervenciones de los terapeutas ocupacionales con niños, en la búsqueda de fortalecer la oferta de prácticas y la producción de conocimiento a partir de las bases y especificidades de la Terapia Ocupacional.Palabras clave: Terapia Ocupacional. Desarollo infantil. Ocupaciones infantiles.
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Yerxa, Elizabeth J. "Occupational science: A new source of power for participants in occupational therapy." Journal of Occupational Science 1, no. 1 (April 1993): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14427591.1993.9686373.
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Pitukhin, E., S. Shabaeva, I. Stepus, and D. Moroz. "Analysis method ofrecruitment needs for the regional economy: Occupational section." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 6 (June 20, 2017): 142–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2017-6-142-149.
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The paper deals with comparative analysis of occupations in the regional labor market. Occupation is treated as a multi-dimensional space of characte- ristics, whereas a scalar form of a characteristic makes it possible to carry out a comparative analysis of occupations. Using cluster analysis of a pilot region indicators five meaningfully interpretable clusters of occupations were identified, reflecting their regional specificity.
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Yaseen, Amna, Umema Tariq, Neha Mohammad Ismail, and Ayesha Sheikh. "A SURVEY OF OCCUPATIONAL STRESS REACTIONS AMONG HEALTHCARE WORKERS." Pakistan Journal of Rehabilitation 11, no. 1 (January 3, 2022): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.36283/pjr.zu.11.1/004.
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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND AIM The objective of the present study was to identify occupational stress and its reaction to psychological and physical health among different healthcare professionals in Karachi. METHODOLOGY An observational cross-sectional study was performed on 257 healthcare workers, including the physiotherapists, general physicians, nurses age between 25-55 years and working for 8 or more hours. A Convenient non- probability purposive sampling technique was used to collect the data. Data was collected from hospitals in 4 districts of Karachi, through the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire (BJSQ) and Job Stress Questionnaire. SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) Version 16.0 was used. ANOVA & Post HOC analysis was used to compare the effects of variables. (P-value <0.05 considered significant). RESULTS Out of 257 participants n= 94 were males and n=163 were females. Among the total sample n=102 were General Physicians, n= 79 were Physiotherapists and n=76 were nurses. Insignificance was found when the occupation was compared with both occupational stressors (p=0.093) and with stress reactions (p=0.456). CONCLUSION Overall general physicians experience more occupational stressors than nurses and physiotherapists. Moreover, the study found that female health-care workers are more affected by occupational stress than men. KEY WORDS Mental health, anxiety, health personnel, physical health, stress reaction, occupational stress.
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Mahutga, Matthew C., Michaela Curran, and Anthony Roberts. "Job tasks and the comparative structure of income and employment: Routine task intensity and offshorability for the LIS*." International Journal of Comparative Sociology 59, no. 2 (April 2018): 81–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020715218765218.
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Comparative sociologists have long considered occupations to be a key source of inequality. However, data constraints make comparative research on two of the more important contemporary drivers of occupational stratification – globalization and technological change – relatively scarce. This article introduces a new dataset on occupational ‘routine task intensity’ (RTI) and ‘offshorability’ (OFFS) for use with the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS). To produce these data, we recoded 23 country-specific occupational schemes (74 LIS country-years) to the two-digit ISCO-88 scheme. When combined with the handful of LIS countries already reporting their occupations in ISCO-88, we produce individual level RTI and OFFS scores for 38 LIS countries and 160 LIS country-years. To assess the validity of these recodes, we compare average labor-income ratios predicted by recoded ISCO-88 occupational categories to those predicted by reported ISCO-88 occupational categories within countries that transitioned from country-specific to ISCO-88 codes over time. To assess the utility of these RTI and OFFS scores and advance the literature on income polarization, we analyze their association with work hours and labor incomes in the global North and South. Both covariates correlate with work hours in ways that are consistent with previous research and additional theoretical considerations. Moreover, we show that both RTI and OFFS contribute to income polarization directly in the North, but not in the South. This article generates a public good data infrastructure that will be of use to a wide variety of social scientists, and brings new evidence to bear on the question of income polarization in rich democracies.
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Whiteford, Gail, Elizabeth Townsend, and Clare Hocking. "Reflections on a Renaissance of Occupation." Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy 67, no. 1 (February 2000): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000841740006700109.
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At the close of the 20th century, there is a renaissance of occupation in occupational therapy and occupational science. Kielhofner (1992) offers an intraprofessional explanation that the growing interest in occupation recaptures occupational therapy's lost identity. An extraprofessional explanation is that postmodern ideas and social practices have helped to create a societal context in which a renaissance of occupation is welcome. Postmodernism raises questions and awareness of power, diversity, temporality, and situatedness in which normative ideas of occupation as paid work can be challenged. Since occupation is of primary concern to occupational therapy and occupational science, the authors reflect on postmodernism and its influence on a renaissance of occupation in these two fields. These reflections consider what such a renaissance means for occupational therapists and occupational scientists in the 21st century.
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Kristensen, Hanne Kaae. "Occupational science in a Nordic environment." Journal of Occupational Science 26, no. 2 (February 18, 2019): 193–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14427591.2019.1572530.
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