Journal articles: 'Occupational Public Health'

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Quinn, Margaret M. "Occupational Health, Public Health, Worker Health." American Journal of Public Health 93, no. 4 (April 2003): 526. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.93.4.526.

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Brønnum-Hansen, Henrik, Else Foverskov, and Ingelise Andersen. "Occupational inequality in health expectancy in Denmark." Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 48, no. 3 (November 25, 2019): 338–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1403494819882138.

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Background: The pension age in Denmark is adjusted in line with projected increasing life expectancy without taking health differentials between occupational groups into account. The purpose was to study occupational disparities in partial life expectancy and health expectancy between the ages of 50 and 75. Methods: Register data on occupation and mortality were combined with data from the Danish part of Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe in 2010–2014 ( N=3179). Expected lifetime without and with activity limitations and without and with long-term illness was estimated by Sullivan’s method and comparisons made between four occupational groups. Results: We found clear differences between occupational groups. Expected lifetime without activity limitations between the ages of 50 and 75 was about 4.5 years longer for men and women in high skilled white-collar occupations than for men and women in low skilled blue-collar occupations. Men in high skilled blue-collar and low skilled white-collar occupations could expect 2.3 and 3.8 years shorter lifetimes without activity limitations, respectively, than men in high skilled white-collar occupations. For women in low skilled white-collar occupations, lifetime without activity limitations was 2.6 years shorter than for women in high skilled white-collar occupations. Due to few observations, no results were obtained for women in the high skilled blue-collar group. The social gradient was also significant when health was measured by years without long-term illness. Conclusions: The results support implementation of a flexible pension scheme to take into account the health differentials between occupational groups.

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Waldron, H. A. "Public and Occupational Health." Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 95, no. 6 (June 2002): 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014107680209500628.

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Waldron, H. A. "Public and occupational health." JRSM 95, no. 6 (June 1, 2002): 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/jrsm.95.6.324-a.

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Watts, Rory David, Devin C. Bowles, Colleen Fisher, and Ian W. Li. "What Do Public Health Graduates Do and Where Do They Go? An Analysis of Job Destinations and Mismatch in Australian Public Health Graduates." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 14 (July 14, 2021): 7504. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147504.

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Background: It is not well understood what occupations public health graduates have after graduation, nor is it well known whether their education provides them with the relevant knowledge and skills to feel well matched to their occupations. Furthermore, it is commonly presumed that public health graduates work in government, and investments in education would bolster this workforce. Methods: We aimed to describe the common occupations of Australian public health graduates, describe the heterogeneity of graduate destinations, describe the level of mismatch that graduates report, and compare these results with other fields of study. We used eight years of Australian graduate survey data (2008–2015) from the Graduate Destinations Survey, examining outcomes data from 8900 public health graduates from four levels of education. We compared occupation and industry heterogeneity, and level of occupational mismatch between public health graduates, and graduates from other fields of education. Results: Public health graduates report having a broad set of occupations in a broad set of industries after graduation, and this breadth is dissimilar to most health degrees. Furthermore, public health graduates tend to have average or lower-than-average rates of mismatch. Conclusions: Despite going into a broad set of occupations and industries, graduates from public health tend to report being well prepared given their education. Given that both occupation and industry outcomes are heterogeneous for graduates, an investment in public health education does not guarantee an increase in the governmental public health workforce.

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Godfrey, Alice. "Policy Changes in the National Health Service: Implications and Opportunities for Occupational Therapists." British Journal of Occupational Therapy 63, no. 5 (May 2000): 218–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030802260006300506.

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Recent changes in the philosophy and structure of the National Health Service give greater emphasis to the prevention of ill health within locally defined communities. Occupational therapists, by virtue of their unique philosophy, have an opportunity to influence primary care strategy and practice by highlighting the links between environment, occupation and health. The recent changes in the structure of the National Health Service are described and the philosophy of occupational therapy is discussed in relation to these changes. This description provides the basis for recommendations as to how occupational therapists can work to build a recognition of the fundamental importance of adaptive occupation to individual health and, hence, to health at a community and population level. Working at a community and population level will require occupational therapists to strengthen links with health promotion and public health in order to help promote health through meaningful occupations within local settings.

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Karlberg, Ingvar. "Is occupational health part of public health?" Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 44, no. 4 (April 18, 2016): 333–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1403494816645010.

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Rajamani, Sripriya, Elizabeth S. Chen, Elizabeth Lindemann, Ranyah Aldekhyyel, Yan Wang, and Genevieve B. Melton. "Representation of occupational information across resources and validation of the occupational data for health model." Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 25, no. 2 (April 22, 2017): 197–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocx035.

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Abstract Reports by the National Academy of Medicine and leading public health organizations advocate including occupational information as part of an individual’s social context. Given recent National Academy of Medicine recommendations on occupation-related data in the electronic health record, there is a critical need for improved representation. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health has developed an Occupational Data for Health (ODH) model, currently in draft format. This study aimed to validate the ODH model by mapping occupation-related elements from resources representing recommendations, standards, public health reports and surveys, and research measures, along with preliminary evaluation of associated value sets. All 247 occupation-related items across 20 resources mapped to the ODH model. Recommended value sets had high variability across the evaluated resources. This study demonstrates the ODH model’s value, the multifaceted nature of occupation information, and the critical need for occupation value sets to support clinical care, population health, and research.

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Bovio, Nicolas, Danielle Vienneau, and Irina Guseva Canu. "O3D.6 Inventory of occupational, industrial and population cohorts in switzerland." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 76, Suppl 1 (April 2019): A29.1—A29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem-2019-epi.77.

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ContextGiven the importance of harmonization in occupational epidemiology (OE) research, an European network, OMEGA-NET, is developing an inventory of occupational, industrial and population cohorts in Europe. We inventorized existing cohorts in Switzerland and assessed their relevance for OE.MethodsWe identified cohorts based on the review of data repositories and publications of the leading occupational and public health institutions in Switzerland. Cohorts were considered relevant for OE if data on occupation were available. The quality of these data was assessed critically.ResultsIn Switzerland, we found no industrial cohort, one retrospective occupational cohort exposed to magnetic fields [20,141 Swiss Federal Railway workers, cancer morbidity follow-up=1972–2002] and four population-based cohorts relevant for OE: the census-based Swiss National Cohort (SNC) [5.8 million adult residents in Switzerland, mortality by cause follow-up=1990–2014], the Study on Air Pollution And Lung Disease In Adults (SAPALDIA) [n=9,561, lung function and morbidity follow-up=1991-present], CoLaus|PsyCoLaus [6,700 35–75 year-old residents of Lausanne, cardiovascular and mental morbidity follow-up=2003-present], the Swiss Kidney Project on Genes in Hypertension (SKIPOGH) [1134 residents of Lausanne, Geneva and Berne, kidney and metabolic morbidity follow-up=2009-present].Occupation was coded using the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO) only in the SNC (ISCO-68 and ISCO-88) and SAPALDIA (ISCO-88). In SKIPOGH, the Belgian Classification of occupations was used. In CoLaus|PsyCoLaus, occupation remains uncoded. Noteworthy, the percentage of missing occupations is 43%, non-reported, 65% and 61%, respectively.ConclusionHaving detailed high-quality data on multiple health outcomes, the identified Swiss cohorts may represent a valuable contribution to OE research. However, in absence of standardisation in collecting and coding of occupational data in these cohorts, their use in OE is still challenging. Planned harmonization efforts in frame of OMEGA-NET will be beneficial for improving the quality of these data and OE research in Switzerland and abroad.

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Atwal, Anita, Sharon Owen, and Richard Davies. "Struggling for Occupational Satisfaction: Older People in Care Homes." British Journal of Occupational Therapy 66, no. 3 (March 2003): 118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030802260306600306.

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In the United Kingdom, a wide range of health care reforms has been introduced to enhance the wellbeing of older people. These reforms should ensure that both the public and the private sectors deliver best practice to older people. The role of the occupational therapist with older people is well established in a variety of health and social care settings but there is a noticeable absence of input in care homes, despite evidence that has demonstrated the importance of occupations for wellbeing. The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) was used in a research study to determine the types of occupation that seven older people perceived as important, their perceptions of their performance and their perceived level of satisfaction. It was found that these older people most valued leisure and self-care occupations, although occupations related to productivity were also cited. A perceived high performance rating often transferred to a high satisfaction rating and a perceived low performance rating to a low satisfaction rating. The challenge for occupational therapists is to implement occupation-based therapy that meets all the needs of older people. Furthermore, there is a requirement to develop the evidence base and to look at strategies to promote occupation in order to ensure occupational satisfaction for all.

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Hawkins, Devan, Laura Punnett, Letitia Davis, and David Kriebel. "The Contribution of Occupation-Specific Factors to the Deaths of Despair, Massachusetts, 2005–2015." Annals of Work Exposures and Health 65, no. 7 (April 23, 2021): 819–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxab017.

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Abstract Objectives In the USA, deaths from poisonings (especially opioids), suicides, and alcoholic liver disease, collectively referred to as ‘deaths of despair’, have been increasing rapidly over the past two decades. The risk of deaths from these causes is known to be higher among certain occupations. It may be that specific exposures and experiences of workers in these occupations explain these differences in risk. This study sought to determine whether differences in the risk of deaths of despair were associated with rate of occupational injuries and illnesses, job insecurity, and temporal changes in employment in non-standard work arrangements. Methods Usual occupation information was collected from death certificates of Massachusetts residents aged 16–64 with relevant causes of death between 2005 and 2015. These data were combined with occupation-level data about occupational injuries and illnesses, job insecurity, and non-standard work arrangements. We calculated occupation-specific mortality rates for deaths of despair, categorized by occupational injury and illnesses rates and job insecurity. We calculated trends in mortality according to changes in non-standard work arrangements. Results Workers in occupations with higher injury and illnesses rates and more job insecurity had higher rates of deaths of despair, especially opioid-related deaths. Rates of deaths of despair increased most rapidly for occupations with increasing prevalence of workers employed in non-standard work arrangements. Conclusions The findings suggest occupational factors that may contribute to the risk of deaths of despair. Future studies should examine these factors with individual-level data. In the meantime, efforts should be made to address these factors, which also represent known or suspected hazards for other adverse health outcomes.

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Stein, Rosemarie. "Rural um Public Health: Wie macht man Public Health publik?" Public Health Forum 4, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pubhef-1996-1278.

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van der Klink, Jac, and Petrien Uniken Venema. "De verwevenheid van occupational health en public health." TBV – Tijdschrift voor Bedrijfs- en Verzekeringsgeneeskunde 21, no. 9 (November 2013): 403–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12498-013-0189-5.

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Haldane, D. "Introduction to Occupational Health in Public Health Practice." Occupational Medicine 62, no. 2 (February 21, 2012): 157–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqr202.

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Sallmén, Markku, and Sanni Uuksulainen. "O5D.5 Construction of finnish ISCO-88 job exposure matrix: examination of dataset with two different classification of occupations in consecutive censuses." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 76, Suppl 1 (April 2019): A48.3—A49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem-2019-epi.131.

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Finnish Job exposure matrix (FINJEM) assesses occupational exposure for 84 factors in 311 FINJEM occupations. Finnish version of ISCO-88 International Standard Classification of Occupations 1988 (F-ISCO-88) occupational codes (n=445), used in population censuses from 1995 to 2009, often split into more than one FINJEM code. We describe the construction of a crosswalk between F-ISCO-88 codes and FINJEM codes and the resulting F-ISCO88 job exposure matrix (F-ISCO-88-JEM).In total, we found 1144 conversion candidate pairs from two sources: 1) Statistics Finland crosswalks from three sequential classification of occupations (2001–1997, 1997–1987, 1987–1980) combined with crosswalk between the classification of occupations in 1980 and FINJEM, and 2) preliminary expert judgement-based conversion of F-ISCO-88–FINJEM.We counted frequencies for all 9900 F-ISCO88 (in 1995) and FINJEM (1990) occupational code pairs from a study of neurodegenerative disease (n=103,969). Correctness of every candidate pair and prevalent non-candidate pairs was checked using occupational coding manuals of FINJEM and F-ISCO88, including occupational titles. Final list of accepted pairs was agreed by the authors.The number of verified F-ISCO-88–FINJEM conversion pairs was 835, including 88 pairs from non-candidates. In total, 397 (34.7%) candidate pairs were incorrect. We could solve FINJEM occupation for 84 252 (81.0% from total population) persons with direct conversions or verified conversion pairs. Occupation of the remaining 19 717 persons changed between 1990 and 1995. Direct conversions totaled 27 716 (26.6%) solutions and split F-ISCO-88 codes 56 536 (54.4%) solutions. The resulting F-ISCO-88–JEM comprises original FINJEM exposure estimates for direct conversions and estimates for split F-ISCO-88 codes, calculated using proportions of corresponding FINJEM codes as weights.A quarter of F-ISCO-88 codes can be converted to FINJEM codes in data with F-ISCO-88 occupational codes. This proportion could be tripled in a dataset including FINJEM and F-ISCO88 codes in consecutive censuses, resulting in more accurate exposure estimates.

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Bayliss, C., A. Champion, E. Nwokedi, and R. Thanikasalam. "Doctors’ attitudes to patient occupation information in four hospital specialties." Occupational Medicine 70, no. 9 (November 28, 2020): 641–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqaa187.

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Abstract Background Although we do not know how often doctors enquire about their patients’ work, evidence suggests that occupation is often not recorded in clinical notes. There is a lack of research into doctors’ views on the importance of patient occupation or their educational needs in this area. Aims To assess doctors’ attitudes to using patient occupation information for care-planning and to determine doctors’ need for specific training in occupational health. Methods We undertook a cross-sectional survey of doctors in cardiology, obstetrics and gynaecology, oncology and orthopaedics. Our questionnaire explored attitudes of the doctors to asking patients about their occupational status, their training and competency to do so, and their training needs in occupational health. Results The response rate was 42/46 (91%). Obstetrics and gynaecology 6/9 (67%) and oncology doctors 3/6 (50%) reported enquiring about the nature of patients’ occupations’ ‘most of the time’/‘always’ and that it rarely influenced clinical decisions. This contrasted with orthopaedic doctors 12/12 (100%) and cardiology doctors 14/15 (93%). Although 19/42 (45%) participants felt it was important to ask patients their occupation, only 10/42 (24%) ‘always’ asked patients about their work. The majority of participants 29/41 (71%) reported receiving no training in occupational health, but 37/42 (88%) considered that some training would be useful. Conclusions Training on the importance of occupation and its’ role as a clinical outcome in care-planning, might help doctors feel more competent in discussing the impact of health on work with patients.

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Lyttelton, Thomas, and Emma Zang. "Occupations and Sickness-Related Absences during the COVID-19 Pandemic." Journal of Health and Social Behavior 63, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): 19–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00221465211053615.

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Pandemic frontline occupations consist of disproportionately low socioeconomic status and racial minority workers. Documenting occupational health disparities is therefore crucial for understanding COVID-19-related health inequalities in the United States. This study uses Current Population Survey microdata to estimate occupational differences in sickness-related absences (SAs) from work in March through June 2020 and their contribution to educational, racial-ethnic, and nativity health disparities. We find that there has been an unprecedented rise in SAs concentrated in transportation, food-related, and personal care and service occupations. SA rates were 6 times higher in these occupations than in non-health-care professions. The greatest increases were in occupations that are unsuitable for remote work, require workers to work close to others, pay low wages, and rarely provide health insurance. Workers in these occupations are disproportionately Black, Hispanic, indigenous, and immigrants. Occupation contributes 41% of the total of Black/white differences and 54% of educational differences in SAs.

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Senthilselvan, A., W. V. L. Coonghe, and J. Beach. "Respiratory health, occupation and the healthy worker effect." Occupational Medicine 70, no. 3 (February 10, 2020): 191–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqaa023.

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Abstract Background Workers are exposed to physical, chemical and other hazards in the workplace, which may impact their respiratory health. Aims To examine the healthy worker effect in the Canadian working population and to identify the association between occupation and respiratory health. Methods Data from four cycles of the Canadian Health Measures Survey were utilized. The current occupation of employed participants was classified into 10 broad categories based on National Occupation Category 2011 codes. Data relating to 15 400 subjects were analysed. Results A significantly lower proportion of those in current employment than those not in current employment reported respiratory symptoms or diseases or had airway obstruction. Similarly, those currently employed reported better general health and had greater mean values for percent-predicted forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of FVC (FEF25–75%) and FEV1/FVC ratio. Among males, females and older age groups, significant differences were observed for almost all the respiratory outcomes for those in current employment. Those in ‘Occupations unique to primary industry’ had a significantly greater likelihood of regular cough with sputum and ever asthma and had lower mean values of percent-predicted FEV1/FVC and FEF25–75% than those in ‘Management occupations’. Those in ‘Health occupations’ had the highest proportion of current asthma. Conclusions Participants in current employment were healthier than those not in current employment providing further support for the healthy worker effect. Those in ‘Occupations unique to primary industry’ had an increased risk of adverse respiratory outcomes and reducing workplace exposures in these occupations has the potential to improve their respiratory health.

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Milner, Allison, Marissa Shields, Anna J. Scovelle, Georgina Sutherland, and Tania L. King. "Health Literacy in Male-Dominated Occupations." American Journal of Men's Health 14, no. 5 (September 2020): 155798832095402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988320954022.

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Low levels of health literacy are associated with poorer health outcomes. Both individual- and social-level factors have been identified as predictors of low health literacy, and men are known to have lower health literacy than women. Previous research has reported that men working in male-dominated occupations are at higher risk of accidents, injury, and suicide than other population groups, yet no study to date has examined the effect of gendered occupational contexts on men’s health literacy. The current article examined the association between occupational gender ratio and health literacy among Australian males. The Australian Longitudinal Study on Male Health (Ten to Men) was used to examine associations between occupational gender ratio (measured in Wave 1) and health literacy (measured in Wave 2) across three subscales of the Health Literacy Questionnaire. Multivariable linear regression analyses were used and showed that the more male dominated an occupational group became, the lower the scores of health literacy were. Results for the different subscales of health literacy for the most male-dominated occupational group, compared to the non-male-dominated group were: ability to find good health information, (Coef. −0.80, 95% CI [−1.05, −0.54], p < .001); ability to actively engage with health-care providers, (Coef. −0.35, 95% CI [−0.62, −0.07], p = .013); and feeling understood and supported by health-care providers, (Coef. −0.48, 95% CI [−0.71, −0.26], p = < .001). The results suggest the need for workplace interventions to address occupation-level factors as an influence on health literacy among Australian men, particularly among the most male-dominated occupational groups.

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Hancock, J. "Occupational Health." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 53, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem.53.1.72.

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Pattani, Shriti. "Occupational Health." Perspectives in Public Health 131, no. 3 (May 2011): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17579139111310030301.

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Ahonen, Emily Q., and Steven E. Lacey. "Undergraduate Environmental Public Health Education." NEW SOLUTIONS: A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy 27, no. 1 (March 3, 2017): 107–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1048291117697110.

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Environmental, occupational, and public health in the United States are practiced across a fragmented system that makes work across those areas more difficult. A large proportion of currently active environmental and occupational health professionals, advocates, policy makers, and activists are nearing retirement age, while some of our major health challenges are heavily influenced by aspects of environment. Concurrently, programs that educate undergraduate college students in environmental health are faced with multiple, often competing demands which can impede progressive movement toward dynamic curricula for the needs of the twenty-first century. We describe our use of developmental evaluation to negotiate these challenges in our specific undergraduate education program, with the dual aims of drawing attention to developmental evaluation as a useful tool for people involved in environmental and occupational health advocacy, policy-making, activism, research, or education for change, as well as to promote discussion about how best to educate the next generation of environmental public health students.

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Solovieva, Svetlana, Karina Undem, Daniel Falkstedt, Gun Johansson, Petter Kristensen, Jacob Pedersen, Eira Viikari-Juntura, Taina Leinonen, and Ingrid Sivesind Mehlum. "Utilizing a Nordic Crosswalk for Occupational Coding in an Analysis on Occupation-Specific Prolonged Sickness Absence among 7 Million Employees in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 23 (November 25, 2022): 15674. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315674.

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We identified occupations with a high incidence of prolonged sickness absence (SA) in Nordic employees and explored similarities and differences between the countries. Utilizing data from national registers on 25–59-year-old wage-earners from Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden, we estimated the gender- and occupation-specific age-adjusted cumulative incidence of SA due to any cause, musculoskeletal diseases and mental disorders. To increase the comparability of occupations between the countries, we developed a Nordic crosswalk for occupational codes. We ranked occupational groups with the incidence of SA being statistically significantly higher than the population average of the country in question and calculated excess fractions with the employee population being the reference group. We observed considerable occupational differences in SA within and between the countries. Few occupational groups had a high incidence in all countries, particularly for mental disorders among men. In each country, manual occupations typically had a high incidence of SA due to any cause and musculoskeletal diseases, while service occupations had a high incidence due to mental disorders. Preventive measures targeted at specific occupational groups have a high potential to reduce work disability, especially due to musculoskeletal diseases. Particularly groups with excess SA in all Nordic countries could be at focus.

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Pearse, Warwick. "Occupational health and safety: a model for public health?" Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 21, no. 1 (February 1997): 9–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-842x.1997.tb01645.x.

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Ghafari, Mahin, Zahra Cheraghi, and Amin Doosti-Irani. "Occupational health of Iranian farmworkers: A public health priority." Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran 31, no. 1 (December 30, 2017): 709–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.14196/mjiri.31.105.

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Guillemin, Michel P. "Occupational Health – a very important component of Public Health." Sozial- und Präventivmedizin SPM 51, no. 1 (January 2006): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00038-005-0001-0.

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Hicks, Neville. "The proper relationship of public health and occupational health." Journal of Occupational Science 4, no. 3 (November 1997): 106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14427591.1997.9686426.

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Stanbury, Martha, and Kenneth D. Rosenman. "Occupational health disparities: A state public health-based approach." American Journal of Industrial Medicine 57, no. 5 (December 30, 2013): 596–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajim.22292.

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Moll, Sandra E., Rebecca E. Gewurtz, Terry M. Krupa, and Mary C. Law. "Promoting an occupational perspective in public health." Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy 80, no. 2 (April 2013): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0008417413482271.

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&NA;. "SECTION ON PUBLIC HEALTH AND OCCUPATIONAL VISION." Optometry and Vision Science 66, Supplement (October 1989): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006324-198910001-00016.

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&NA;. "SECTION ON PUBLIC HEALTH AND OCCUPATIONAL VISION." Optometry and Vision Science 66, Supplement (October 1989): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006324-198910001-00032.

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Kåreholt, Ingemar, and Alexander Darin Mattsson. "O8D.2 Occupational complexity in relation to late life physical functioning in sweden." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 76, Suppl 1 (April 2019): A75.2—A75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem-2019-epi.202.

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BackgroundOccupational complexity is a measure of intellectual stimulation at work. Higher occupational complexity has consistently been associated with less cognitive decline, decreased risk of dementia, less psychological distress, and lower mortality. We build on this research by investigating the association between occupational complexity and physical functioning in late life.MethodsTwo linked Swedish nationally representative surveys were used. Midlife health, education, social class, income, and occupational complexity from current/latest occupation was assessed in 1991. Data from 1991 also include retrospective questions about life-time occupations. From this data we created an aggregated score (based on occupational complexity at ages 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, and 50 in addition to the first occupation). Trajectories of change in complexity scores were measured using random slope and intercept models. Physical functioning was assessed in 2014 by self-reported mobility limitations and limitations in activities of daily living (ADL).ResultsThe results show an association between latest and aggregated higher occupational complexity and fewer mobility and ADL limitations. Adjusting for midlife health only moderately affected the associations. The associations were reduced to non-significant when adjusted for education, social class, and income. Trajectories of occupational complexity were only marginally, or not at all, associated with physical functioning in late life.DiscussionOccupational complexity was associated with physical functioning; however, the association could be entirely attributed to socioeconomic position. The initially observed associations between occupational complexity and physical functioning in late life appear to be explained by the same pathways as socioeconomic position. The combined associations between occupational complexity and socioeconomic position on one hand and physical functioning on the other hand need to be further analyzed.

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Tjepkema, M., R. Wilkins, and A. Long. "Cause-specific mortality by occupational skill level in Canada: a 16-year follow-up study." Chronic Diseases and Injuries in Canada 33, no. 4 (September 2013): 195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.33.4.01.

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Introduction Mortality data by occupation are not routinely available in Canada, so we analyzed census-linked data to examine cause-specific mortality rates across groups of occupations ranked by skill level. Methods A 15% sample of 1991 Canadian Census respondents aged 25 years or older was previously linked to 16 years of mortality data (1991–2006). The current analysis is based on 2.3 million people aged 25 to 64 years at cohort inception, among whom there were 164 332 deaths during the follow-up period. Occupations coded according to the National Occupation Classification were grouped into five skill levels. Age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs), rate ratios (RRs), rate differences (RDs) and excess mortality were calculated by occupational skill level for various causes of death. Results ASMRs were clearly graded by skill level: they were highest among those employed in unskilled jobs (and those without an occupation) and lowest for those in professional occupations. All-cause RRs for men were 1.16, 1.40, 1.63 and 1.83 with decreasing occupational skill level compared with professionals. For women the gradient was less steep: 1.23, 1.24, 1.32 and 1.53. This gradient was present for most causes of death. Rate ratios comparing lowest to highest skill levels were greater than 2 for HIV/AIDS, diabetes mellitus, suicide and cancer of the cervix as well as for causes of death associated with tobacco use and excessive alcohol consumption. Conclusion Mortality gradients by occupational skill level were evident for most causes of death. These results provide detailed cause-specific baseline indicators not previously available for Canada.

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Alba-Jurado, Matilde Leonor, María José Aguado-Benedí, Noelia Moreno-Morales, Maria Teresa Labajos-Manzanares, and Rocío Martín-Valero. "Occupation and Sickness Absence in the Different Autonomous Communities of Spain." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 21 (October 30, 2021): 11453. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111453.

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The occupation of a worker is a determining factor of sickness absence (SA) and can influence both the beginning and continuation of the latter. This study describes SA in Spain, separately in the different Autonomous Communities (AC) in relation to the occupation of workers, with the aim of determining the possible differences in its frequency and duration, relating it also to the diagnosis. A total of 6,543,307 workers, aged 16 years and older, who had at least one episode of SA in the year 2019, constituted the study sample. The obtained results indicate that SA is more frequent and shorter in more elemental occupations. The average duration increases with age and is longer in women, except in technical and administrative occupations, where there is no gender divide. Sickness absences caused by musculoskeletal and mental disorders are more frequent in the lower occupational classes, although their average duration is shorter than in other, more qualified groups. The ACs with shorter duration in almost all the occupational groups are Madrid, Navarre and the Basque Country. In conclusion, SA is more frequent and shorter in lower occupational classes.

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Tuček, Milan. "Occupational Health: Common Ground in the Fields of Occupational Medicine, Public Health and Epidemiology." Hygiena 59, no. 3 (September 2014): 95–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21101/hygiena.a1314.

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Perbellini, Luigi. "From “Occupational Medicine” to “Occupational Health”." Journal of Occupational Health 38, no. 4 (October 1996): 201–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1539/joh.38.201.

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Leidi, Antonio, Amandine Berner, Roxane Dumont, Richard Dubos, Flora Koegler, Giovanni Piumatti, Nicolas Vuilleumier, et al. "Occupational risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and reinfection during the second pandemic surge: a cohort study." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 79, no. 2 (December 8, 2021): 116–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2021-107924.

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ObjectivesThis cohort study including essential workers, assessed the risk and incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection during the second surge of COVID-19 according to baseline serostatus and occupational sector.MethodsEssential workers were selected from a seroprevalence survey cohort in Geneva, Switzerland and were linked to a state centralised registry compiling SARS-CoV-2 infections. Primary outcome was the incidence of virologically confirmed infections from serological assessment (between May and September 2020) to 25 January 2021, according to baseline antibody status and stratified by three predefined occupational groups (occupations requiring sustained physical proximity, involving brief regular contact or others).Results10 457 essential workers were included (occupations requiring sustained physical proximity accounted for 3057 individuals, those involving regular brief contact, 3645 and 3755 workers were classified under ‘Other essential occupations’). After a follow-up period of over 27 weeks, 5 (0.6%) seropositive and 830 (8.5%) seronegative individuals had a positive SARS-CoV-2 test, with an incidence rate of 0.2 (95% CI 0.1 to 0.6) and 3.2 (95% CI 2.9 to 3.4) cases per person-week, respectively. Incidences were similar across occupational groups. Seropositive essential workers had a 93% reduction in the hazard (HR of 0.07, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.17) of having a positive test during the follow-up with no significant between-occupational group difference.ConclusionsA 10-fold reduction in the hazard of being virologically tested positive was observed among anti-SARS-CoV-2 seropositive essential workers regardless of their sector of occupation, confirming the seroprotective effect of a previous SARS-CoV2 exposure at least 6 months after infection.

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Kitto, Simon. "Negotiating Medical Dominance: The Social Construction of the Care Coordinator within the Tasmanian Coordinated Care Trials." Australian Journal of Primary Health 7, no. 2 (2001): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py01036.

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State and corporate induced changes to health care systems are occurring globally. These changes are altering the environment, which previously supported the medical profession's dominance over all health matters. Health care occupations, in conjunction with systemic health care changes, also threaten the autonomy of general practitioners through new opportunistic attempts to expand their occupational territory. Using a symbolic interactionist approach in tandem with Bucher's natural history framework to trace the emergence of an occupation, this paper analyses the social processes involved in the construction of the care coordinator occupation within the context of the Coordinated Care Trial in Tasmania. An analysis of both the occupational encroachment and defensive strategies employed by government health agencies, general practitioners, nurses, and pharmacists during the construction of the position description of the care coordinator is undertaken. Specifically, the focus of this paper is on how the general practitioners acted to retain their preeminent position within the health care system when facing a dual challenge from above (the state) and below (nursing, pharmacy).

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Östlin, Piroska, and Mats Thorslund. "Problems with Cross-Sectional Data in Research on Working Environment and Health." Scandinavian Journal of Social Medicine 16, no. 3 (September 1988): 139–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/140349488801600303.

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Occupational turnover due to health related selection might introduce a bias in cross-sectional studies that tends to mask real occupational health effects. People could have changed occupation so that they, when disease occurs and/or the data collection is accomplished, are working in an environment that is irrelevant for the disease in question. The aim of this study was to determine whether there is any difference in morbidity between ‘stable’ workers and ‘changers’. Occurrence of long-term illness was studied on four exposure levels, defined according to the physical demands at work. The study population comprised 10487 men and 10058 women between 25 to 74 years of age, who were interviewed within the scope of the Statistics Sweden Survey of Living Conditions in the years 1977 and 1979–81. Considerable differences in health outcomes were found between stable workers and changers, especially when considering the degree of physical strain at work. Thus, the findings indicate the necessity of detailed recording of occupational histories within the framework of cross-sectional studies, especially when the aim of the investigation is to study and compare health outcomes for workers in occupations with different turnover rates.

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Moloughney, Brent W. "Public Health Medicine, Public Health Practice, and Public Health Systems." Canadian Journal of Public Health 104, no. 2 (March 2013): e115-e116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03405672.

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Shakik, Sharara, Victoria Arrandale, Dorothy Linn Holness, Jill S. MacLeod, Christopher B. McLeod, Alice Peter, and Paul A. Demers. "Dermatitis among workers in Ontario: results from the Occupational Disease Surveillance System." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 76, no. 9 (July 18, 2019): 625–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2018-105667.

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ObjectivesDermatitis is the most common occupational skin disease, and further evidence is needed regarding preventable risk factors. The Occupational Disease Surveillance System (ODSS) derived from administrative data was used to investigate dermatitis risk among industry and occupation groups in Ontario.MethodsODSS cohort members were identified from Workplace Safety and Insurance Board (WSIB) accepted lost time claims. A case was defined as having ≥2 dermatitis physician billing claims during a 12-month period within 3 years of cohort entry. A 3-year look-back period prior to cohort entry was used to exclude prevalent cases without a WSIB claim. Workers were followed for 3 years or until dermatitis diagnosis, age 65 years, emigration, death or end of follow-up (31 December 2016), whichever occurred first. Age-adjusted and sex-adjusted Cox proportional hazard models estimated HRs and 95% CIs. The risk of dermatitis was explored using a job exposure matrix that identifies exposure to asthmagens, many of which also cause contact dermatitis.ResultsAmong 597 401 workers, 23 843 cases of new-onset dermatitis were identified. Expected elevated risks were observed among several groups including furniture and fixture industries, food and beverage preparation and chemicals, petroleum, rubber, plastic and related materials processing occupations and workers exposed to metal working fluids and organic solvents. Decreased risk was observed among farmers, nurses and construction industries, and occupations exposed to latex and indoor cleaning products.ConclusionsODSS can contribute to occupational dermatitis surveillance in Ontario by identifying occupational groups at risk of dermatitis that can then be prioritised for prevention activities.

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Sharp, Rachel. "Occupational Health Law." Occupational Medicine 71, no. 3 (April 1, 2021): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqab017.

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Kodama, Arthur M. "Practical Occupational Health." Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 4, no. 2-3 (April 1990): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/101053959000400322.

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Bayer, Ronald. "Occupational Health Ethics." Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 32, no. 4 (April 1990): 372. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00043764-199004000-00025.

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LaDou, Joseph. "International occupational health." International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health 206, no. 4-5 (January 2003): 303–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1078/1438-4639-00226.

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Muckenfuss, sHARON. "Occupational Health Nurses." Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 32, no. 6 (June 1990): 555. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00043764-199006000-00013.

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Koh, David, and Mee-Lian Wong. "Women's occupational health." Occupational Medicine 55, no. 7 (October 1, 2005): 513–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqi176.

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Noone, P. "Occupational Health Law." Occupational Medicine 60, no. 8 (November 29, 2010): 668–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqq119.

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Trakoli, A. "Occupational Health Psychology." Occupational Medicine 61, no. 2 (February 25, 2011): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqq187.

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Koh, Dong-Hee, Ju-Hyun Park, Sang-Gil Lee, Hwan-Cheol Kim, Sang-Jun Choi, Hyejung Jung, and Dong-Uk Park. "O6D.3 Evaluation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposure across occupations in korea using urinary metabolite 1-hydroxypyrene." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 76, Suppl 1 (April 2019): A57.3—A58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem-2019-epi.155.

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ObjectivesPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are a well-known carcinogen causing lung and skin cancers in exposed workers. Several occupations such as coke production have been reported to be associated with high PAHs exposure. However, previous reports have been confined in several occupations. Thus, we aimed to evaluate PAHs exposure across a wide range of occupations using its urinary metabolite 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP).MethodsTo evaluate PAHs exposure across occupations, we collected the urine 1-OHP data from the Korean National Environmental Health Survey which is a nationwide bio-monitoring survey. The data contained information about urine 1-OHP levels, cigarette smoking status, and standard occupational codes. We calculated summary statistics of urine 1-OHP levels for each occupation. In addition, we calculated the relative exposure indicators which are the proportions of exceeding the quartile levels. Since cigarette smoking is a single most influential factor of PAHs exposure, we repeated the analyses by excluding current smokers.ResultsOverall geometric means (GM) of all populations and non-smoker populations were 0.13µg/L and 0.10µg/L, respectively. For the major group of occupation, ‘Craft and Related Trades Workers’ and ‘Equipment, Machine Operating and Assembling Workers’ showed the highest urine 1-OHP levels, while ‘Homemaker’ showed the lowest level. For the sub-major group of occupation, ‘Video and Telecommunications Equipment Related Occupations’ showed the highest percentage (61%) of exceeding the third quartile (Q3) level of all populations. While ‘Legal and Administration Professional Occupations’ showed the lowest percentage of exceeding the Q3 level of all populations. For the minor group of occupation, ‘Horticultural and Landscape Workers’ showed the highest percentage (64%) of exceeding the Q3 level of all populations. While ‘Kindergarten teachers’ showed the lowest percentage of exceeding the Q3 level of all populations.ConclusionsOur results will provide ancillary information about PAHs exposure across occupations, especially in occupations where PAHs exposure has not well known.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Occupational Public Health'

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