Journal articles: 'Occupational mortality'

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Laditka, Sarah, James Laditka, and Ahmed Arif. "Linking Work-Life Occupational Exposures With Distress and Mortality Before and After Retirement." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1425.

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Abstract Mental health problems have surpassed musculoskeletal injuries as causes of work disability. Workers in certain occupations may have high risks for mental health problems and premature death even after retirement. People in high risk occupations for many years may be particularly vulnerable, along with groups with higher health risks such as rural residents. Little research examines their occupation-related risks. No research has examined how occupational exposures affect mental health in retirement. We studied these life course risks using the nationally representative Panel Study of Income Dynamics, following participants 36 years beginning 1981, with annual measures of occupation and distress (n=16,994; 129,880 occupation measures; 415 deaths). We estimated hazards of developing distress in occupations hypothesized to have high and low distress risks, adjusted for factors associated with occupational choice and mental health including age, education, income, race/ethnicity, sex, childhood and midlife health, and family trauma. Compared to low risk occupations, working in high risk occupations was associated with 20% elevated odds of distress (adjusted odds ratio, OR 1.20, 95% confidence interval, CI 1.13 1.28) and 55% elevated risk of death (hazard ratio 1.55, CI 1.11-2.16). Each additional year in a high risk occupation increased the odds by 5%. Rural residents had the highest occupation-related distress risk (adjusted OR 3.05, CI 2.39-3.97). At ages 70+ each additional past exposure year was associated with 2% higher distress risk (p<0.05), and 4.6% higher mortality (p<0.05). Workers in certain occupations have high risks of psychological distress and death, even after retirement.

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Karnik, Harshada, Elizabeth Wrigley-Field, Zachary Levin, Yea-Hung Chen, Erik W. Zabel, Marizen Ramirez, and Jonathon P. Leider. "Examining Excess Mortality Among Critical Workers in Minnesota During 2020–2021: An Occupational Analysis." American Journal of Public Health 113, no. 11 (November 2023): 1219–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2023.307395.

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Objectives. To understand the occupational risk associated with COVID-19 among civilian critical workers (aged 16–65 years) in Minnesota. Methods. We estimated excess mortality in 2020 to 2021 for critical occupations in different racial groups and vaccine rollout phases using death certificates and occupational employment rates for 2017 to 2021. Results. Excess mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic was higher for workers in critical occupations than for noncritical workers. Some critical occupations, such as transportation and logistics, construction, and food service, experienced higher excess mortality than did other critical occupations, such as health care, K–12 school staff, and agriculture. In almost all occupations investigated, workers of color experienced higher excess mortality than did White workers. Excess mortality in 2021 was greater than in 2020 across groups: occupations, vaccine eligibility tiers, and race/ethnicity. Conclusions. Although workers in critical occupations experienced greater excess mortality than did others, excess mortality among critical workers varied substantially by occupation and race. Public Health Implications. Analysis of mortality across occupations can be used to identify vulnerable populations, prioritize protective interventions for them, and develop targeted worker safety protocols to promote equitable health outcomes. (Am J Public Health. 2023;113(11):1219–1222. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307395 )

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Tjepkema, M., R. Wilkins, and A. Long. "Cause-specific mortality by occupational skill level in Canada: a 16-year follow-up study." Chronic Diseases and Injuries in Canada 33, no. 4 (September 2013): 195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.33.4.01.

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Introduction Mortality data by occupation are not routinely available in Canada, so we analyzed census-linked data to examine cause-specific mortality rates across groups of occupations ranked by skill level. Methods A 15% sample of 1991 Canadian Census respondents aged 25 years or older was previously linked to 16 years of mortality data (1991–2006). The current analysis is based on 2.3 million people aged 25 to 64 years at cohort inception, among whom there were 164 332 deaths during the follow-up period. Occupations coded according to the National Occupation Classification were grouped into five skill levels. Age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs), rate ratios (RRs), rate differences (RDs) and excess mortality were calculated by occupational skill level for various causes of death. Results ASMRs were clearly graded by skill level: they were highest among those employed in unskilled jobs (and those without an occupation) and lowest for those in professional occupations. All-cause RRs for men were 1.16, 1.40, 1.63 and 1.83 with decreasing occupational skill level compared with professionals. For women the gradient was less steep: 1.23, 1.24, 1.32 and 1.53. This gradient was present for most causes of death. Rate ratios comparing lowest to highest skill levels were greater than 2 for HIV/AIDS, diabetes mellitus, suicide and cancer of the cervix as well as for causes of death associated with tobacco use and excessive alcohol consumption. Conclusion Mortality gradients by occupational skill level were evident for most causes of death. These results provide detailed cause-specific baseline indicators not previously available for Canada.

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Lynge, Elsebeth. "Occupational mortality." Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 39, no. 7_suppl (July 2011): 153–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1403494811401481.

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Jang, Jungwon, and Inah Kim. "Mortality of Suicide and Cerebro-Cardiovascular Diseases by Occupation in Korea, 1997–2020." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 16 (August 13, 2022): 10001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191610001.

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Although studies on occupational mortality have been conducted in Korea, the results for occupations with high mortality around 2010 are inconsistent. This study aimed to examine occupational mortality from overwork-related suicide and cerebro-cardiovascular diseases (CCVD) from 1997 to 2020. We used microdata of the Causes of Death Statistics (CDS) and Economically Active Population Survey (EAPS) to obtain indirect standardized mortality ratio (SMR) and standardized proportional mortality ratio (PMR) of suicide (X60–X84) and CCVD deaths (I20–I25 and I60–I69) by gender and eight occupational categories. The trend of SMR of suicide and CCVD by occupation was similar within individual genders. The SMR of managers (MNG) was the highest for men and women in 2012–2017 and 2008–2020, respectively, whereas the SMR of professionals and related workers (PRF) was consistently low. Despite the similar socioeconomic status of MNG and PRF, we suggest that their mortality should be analyzed separately in Korea. SMR of suicide and CCVD in female MNG were consistently highest, although the PMR was low. Female MNG may have been more directly affected by the economic crisis. There is a need for work-related stress management, early intervention, and prevention policies in occupations vulnerable to mortality.

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Bovio, Nicolas, David B. Richardson, and Irina Guseva Canu. "Sex-specific risks and trends in lung cancer mortality across occupations and economic activities in Switzerland (1990–2014)." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 77, no. 8 (May 5, 2020): 540–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2019-106356.

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ObjectivesTo assess lung cancer mortality across occupations and economic activities/industries in Switzerland using three statistical estimates.MethodsAll Swiss residents aged 18–65 during the 1990 or 2000 censuses were followed through 2014 to ascertain information on date and cause of death. For every occupation and economic activity/industry, causal mortality ratios (CMR) and standardised mortality ratios (SMR) were computed using national cause-specific mortality rates. We also calculated relative SMR (rSMR) and conducted analyses stratified by socioeconomic variables, job skill level and calendar periods.ResultsThe study sample comprised 5 834 618 participants (111 162 348 person-years). SMR and CMR led to similar results, while rSMR were generally higher. We found 18 occupations in men, 10 occupations in women and 3 industries in each sex with an excess of lung cancer mortality. Among men, rubber and plastic products machine operators, and workers in mining and quarrying, and construction industries were at high risk. Among women, motor vehicle drivers and workers in trade, repair of motor vehicles and of domestic articles and manufacture of goods industries showed the highest risks. In both sexes, hotel and restaurant workers presented an excess of lung cancer mortality.ConclusionMost of the activities and occupations in which we observed excess lung cancer mortality have previously been observed to involve occupational exposure to lung carcinogens. These findings suggest that the number of occupational lung cancer is likely underestimated by the official Swiss statistics. Further research should address this question and the exposure–effect relationships in the most at-risk occupational groups.

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Hawkins, Devan, Laura Punnett, Letitia Davis, and David Kriebel. "The Contribution of Occupation-Specific Factors to the Deaths of Despair, Massachusetts, 2005–2015." Annals of Work Exposures and Health 65, no. 7 (April 23, 2021): 819–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxab017.

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Abstract Objectives In the USA, deaths from poisonings (especially opioids), suicides, and alcoholic liver disease, collectively referred to as ‘deaths of despair’, have been increasing rapidly over the past two decades. The risk of deaths from these causes is known to be higher among certain occupations. It may be that specific exposures and experiences of workers in these occupations explain these differences in risk. This study sought to determine whether differences in the risk of deaths of despair were associated with rate of occupational injuries and illnesses, job insecurity, and temporal changes in employment in non-standard work arrangements. Methods Usual occupation information was collected from death certificates of Massachusetts residents aged 16–64 with relevant causes of death between 2005 and 2015. These data were combined with occupation-level data about occupational injuries and illnesses, job insecurity, and non-standard work arrangements. We calculated occupation-specific mortality rates for deaths of despair, categorized by occupational injury and illnesses rates and job insecurity. We calculated trends in mortality according to changes in non-standard work arrangements. Results Workers in occupations with higher injury and illnesses rates and more job insecurity had higher rates of deaths of despair, especially opioid-related deaths. Rates of deaths of despair increased most rapidly for occupations with increasing prevalence of workers employed in non-standard work arrangements. Conclusions The findings suggest occupational factors that may contribute to the risk of deaths of despair. Future studies should examine these factors with individual-level data. In the meantime, efforts should be made to address these factors, which also represent known or suspected hazards for other adverse health outcomes.

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Feitosa-Assis, Ana Isabela, and Vilma Sousa Santana. "Occupation and maternal mortality in Brazil." Revista de Saúde Pública 54 (July 16, 2020): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2020054001736.

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OBJECTIVE: To estimate maternal mortality ratio according to occupation in Brazil. METHODS: This is a mortality study conducted with national data from the Mortality Information System (SIM) and the Live Birth Information System (SINASC) in 2015. Maternal mortality ratios were estimated according to the occupation recorded in death certificates, using the Brazilian Classification of Occupation (CBO), version 2002. RESULTS: A total of 1,738 maternal deaths records were found, corresponding to a maternal mortality ratio of 57.6/100,000 live births. It varied among occupational groups, with higher estimates among service and agricultural workers, particularly for domestic workers (123.2/100,000 live births), followed by general agricultural workers (88.3/100,000 live births). Manicurists and nursing technicians also presented high maternal mortality ratio. Maternal occupation was not reported in 17.0% of SIM registers and in 13.2% of SINASC data. Inconsistent records of occupation were found.“Housewife” prevailed in SIM (35.5%) and SINASC (39.1%). CONCLUSIONS: Maternal mortality ratio differs by occupation, suggesting a work contribution, which requires further research focusing occupational risk factors. Socioeconomic factors are closely related to occupation, and their combination with work exposures and the poor access to health services need to be also addressed.

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Pearce, Neil, Sarah Rhodes, Katie Stocking, Lucy Pembrey, Karin van Veldhoven, Elizabeth B. Brickley, Steve Robertson, et al. "Occupational differences in COVID-19 incidence, severity, and mortality in the United Kingdom: Available data and framework for analyses." Wellcome Open Research 6 (May 10, 2021): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16729.1.

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There are important differences in the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and death depending on occupation. Infections in healthcare workers have received the most attention, and there are clearly increased risks for intensive care unit workers who are caring for COVID-19 patients. However, a number of other occupations may also be at an increased risk, particularly those which involve social care or contact with the public. A large number of data sets are available with the potential to assess occupational risks of COVID-19 incidence, severity, or mortality. We are reviewing these data sets as part of the Partnership for Research in Occupational, Transport, Environmental COVID Transmission (PROTECT) initiative, which is part of the National COVID-19 Core Studies. In this report, we review the data sets available (including the key variables on occupation and potential confounders) for examining occupational differences in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 incidence, severity and mortality. We also discuss the possible types of analyses of these data sets and the definitions of (occupational) exposure and outcomes. We conclude that none of these data sets are ideal, and all have various strengths and weaknesses. For example, mortality data suffer from problems of coding of COVID-19 deaths, and the deaths (in England and Wales) that have been referred to the coroner are unavailable. On the other hand, testing data is heavily biased in some periods (particularly the first wave) because some occupations (e.g. healthcare workers) were tested more often than the general population. Random population surveys are, in principle, ideal for estimating population prevalence and incidence, but are also affected by non-response. Thus, any analysis of the risks in a particular occupation or sector (e.g. transport), will require a careful analysis and triangulation of findings across the various available data sets.

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Pearce, Neil, Sarah Rhodes, Katie Stocking, Lucy Pembrey, Karin van Veldhoven, Elizabeth B. Brickley, Steve Robertson, et al. "Occupational differences in COVID-19 incidence, severity, and mortality in the United Kingdom: Available data and framework for analyses." Wellcome Open Research 6 (January 13, 2023): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16729.2.

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There are important differences in the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and death depending on occupation. Infections in healthcare workers have received the most attention, and there are clearly increased risks for intensive care unit workers who are caring for COVID-19 patients. However, a number of other occupations may also be at an increased risk, particularly those which involve social care or contact with the public. A large number of data sets are available with the potential to assess occupational risks of COVID-19 incidence, severity, or mortality. We are reviewing these data sets as part of the Partnership for Research in Occupational, Transport, Environmental COVID Transmission (PROTECT) initiative, which is part of the National COVID-19 Core Studies. In this report, we review the data sets available (including the key variables on occupation and potential confounders) for examining occupational differences in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 incidence, severity and mortality. We also discuss the possible types of analyses of these data sets and the definitions of (occupational) exposure and outcomes. We conclude that none of these data sets are ideal, and all have various strengths and weaknesses. For example, mortality data suffer from problems of coding of COVID-19 deaths, and the deaths (in England and Wales) that have been referred to the coroner are unavailable. On the other hand, testing data is heavily biased in some periods (particularly the first wave) because some occupations (e.g. healthcare workers) were tested more often than the general population. Random population surveys are, in principle, ideal for estimating population prevalence and incidence, but are also affected by non-response. Thus, any analysis of the risks in a particular occupation or sector (e.g. transport), will require a careful analysis and triangulation of findings across the various available data sets.

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Cummings, Kristin J., John Beckman, Matthew Frederick, Robert Harrison, Alyssa Nguyen, Robert Snyder, Elena Chan, et al. "Disparities in COVID-19 fatalities among working Californians." PLOS ONE 17, no. 3 (March 29, 2022): e0266058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266058.

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Background Information on U.S. COVID-19 mortality rates by occupation is limited. We aimed to characterize 2020 COVID-19 fatalities among working Californians to inform preventive strategies. Methods We identified laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 fatalities with dates of death in 2020 by matching death certificates to the state’s COVID-19 case registry. Working status for decedents aged 18–64 years was determined from state employment records, death certificates, and case registry data and classified as “confirmed working,” “likely working,” or “not working.” We calculated age-adjusted overall and occupation-specific COVID-19 mortality rates using 2019 American Community Survey denominators. Results COVID-19 accounted for 8,050 (9.9%) of 81,468 fatalities among Californians 18–64 years old. Of these decedents, 2,486 (30.9%) were matched to state employment records and classified as “confirmed working.” The remainder were classified as “likely working” (n = 4,121 [51.2%]) or “not working” (n = 1,443 [17.9%]) using death certificate and case registry data. Confirmed and likely working COVID-19 decedents were predominantly male (76.3%), Latino (68.7%), and foreign-born (59.6%), with high school or less education (67.9%); 7.8% were Black. The overall age-adjusted COVID-19 mortality rate was 30.0 per 100,000 workers (95% confidence interval [CI], 29.3–30.8). Workers in nine occupational groups had age-adjusted mortality rates higher than this overall rate, including those in farming (78.0; 95% CI, 68.7–88.2); material moving (77.8; 95% CI, 70.2–85.9); construction (62.4; 95% CI, 57.7–67.4); production (60.2; 95% CI, 55.7–65.0); and transportation (57.2; 95% CI, 52.2–62.5) occupations. While occupational differences in mortality were evident across demographic groups, mortality rates were three-fold higher for male compared with female workers and three- to seven-fold higher for Latino and Black workers compared with Asian and White workers. Conclusion Californians in manual labor and in-person service occupations experienced disproportionate COVID-19 mortality, with the highest rates observed among male, Latino, and Black workers; these occupational group should be prioritized for prevention.

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Welton, Michael, Ye Shen, Mark Ebell, David DeJoy, and Sara Wagner Robb. "Construction employment mortality among Mexican immigrants in the South Eastern United States, 2003-2013." International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care 16, no. 4 (September 24, 2020): 349–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmhsc-08-2018-0055.

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Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate occupational and non-occupational mortality among Mexican immigrants in the South Eastern United States. The construction industry has the highest burden of occupational fatalities in the USA of all industries, and foreign-born Hispanic workers are disproportionately affected. Design/methodology/approach Data were obtained from 3,093 death certificates maintained by the Consulate General of Mexico in Atlanta, Georgia. Standardized mortality ratios (SMR) were used to compare occupational-related deaths among construction industry occupations, and logistic regression models were used to examine the relationship between manners of death not related to occupation and employment in the construction industry. Findings The proportion of Mexican immigrants who died from occupational injuries is higher among all construction workers (SMR = 1.31), roofers (SMR = 2.32) and carpenters (SMR = 2.25) than other workers. Among the population in this analysis suicide [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.63] and death from natural causes (aOR = 0.70) were inversely related to work in the construction industry. Research limitations/implications Interventions to reduce occupational fatalities among Mexican migrant construction workers should target roofers and carpenters. Future research should further investigate the industry’s association with suicide and natural death. Originality/value This is one of the first analyzes that investigated associations between construction industry employment and non-occupational fatalities among immigrants. The analysis provides evidence that a large portion of the Mexican immigrant population is used in the construction industry (38%) and face elevated risks for occupational fatalities and the results of this investigation should encourage greater surveillance of occupational illness and injury among foreign-born immigrants who work in construction, as well as other high-risk industries.

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Roberts, S. E., B. Jaremin, and K. Lloyd. "High-risk occupations for suicide." Psychological Medicine 43, no. 6 (October 26, 2012): 1231–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291712002024.

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BackgroundHigh occupational suicide rates are often linked to easy occupational access to a method of suicide. This study aimed to compare suicide rates across all occupations in Britain, how they have changed over the past 30 years, and how they may vary by occupational socio-economic group.MethodWe used national occupational mortality statistics, census-based occupational populations and death inquiry files (for the years 1979–1980, 1982–1983 and 2001–2005). The main outcome measures were suicide rates per 100 000 population, percentage changes over time in suicide rates, standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) and proportional mortality ratios (PMRs).ResultsSeveral occupations with the highest suicide rates (per 100 000 population) during 1979–1980 and 1982–1983, including veterinarians (ranked first), pharmacists (fourth), dentists (sixth), doctors (tenth) and farmers (thirteenth), have easy occupational access to a method of suicide (pharmaceuticals or guns). By 2001–2005, there had been large significant reductions in suicide rates for each of these occupations, so that none ranked in the top 30 occupations. Occupations with significant increases over time in suicide rates were all manual occupations whereas occupations with suicide rates that decreased were mainly professional or non-manual. Variation in suicide rates that was explained by socio-economic group almost doubled over time from 11.4% in 1979–1980 and 1982–1983 to 20.7% in 2001–2005.ConclusionsSocio-economic forces now seem to be a major determinant of high occupational suicide rates in Britain. As the increases in suicide rates among manual occupations occurred during a period of economic prosperity, carefully targeted suicide prevention initiatives could be beneficial.

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Guidotti, Tee L., and Paul W. Brandt-Rauf. "Occupational Mortality Among Firefighters." Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 37, no. 12 (December 1995): 1348–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00043764-199512000-00004.

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Alderson, M. R. "THE OCCUPATIONAL MORTALITY SUPPLEMENT." Lancet 328, no. 8510 (October 1986): 811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(86)90331-4.

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Brønnum-Hansen, Henrik, Else Foverskov, and Ingelise Andersen. "Occupational inequality in health expectancy in Denmark." Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 48, no. 3 (November 25, 2019): 338–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1403494819882138.

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Background: The pension age in Denmark is adjusted in line with projected increasing life expectancy without taking health differentials between occupational groups into account. The purpose was to study occupational disparities in partial life expectancy and health expectancy between the ages of 50 and 75. Methods: Register data on occupation and mortality were combined with data from the Danish part of Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe in 2010–2014 ( N=3179). Expected lifetime without and with activity limitations and without and with long-term illness was estimated by Sullivan’s method and comparisons made between four occupational groups. Results: We found clear differences between occupational groups. Expected lifetime without activity limitations between the ages of 50 and 75 was about 4.5 years longer for men and women in high skilled white-collar occupations than for men and women in low skilled blue-collar occupations. Men in high skilled blue-collar and low skilled white-collar occupations could expect 2.3 and 3.8 years shorter lifetimes without activity limitations, respectively, than men in high skilled white-collar occupations. For women in low skilled white-collar occupations, lifetime without activity limitations was 2.6 years shorter than for women in high skilled white-collar occupations. Due to few observations, no results were obtained for women in the high skilled blue-collar group. The social gradient was also significant when health was measured by years without long-term illness. Conclusions: The results support implementation of a flexible pension scheme to take into account the health differentials between occupational groups.

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Windsor-Shellard, Ben, and David Gunnell. "Occupation-specific suicide risk in England: 2011–2015." British Journal of Psychiatry 215, no. 04 (April 1, 2019): 594–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2019.69.

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BackgroundPrevious research has documented marked occupational differences in suicide risk, but these estimates are 10 years old and based on potentially biased risk assessments.AimsTo investigate occupation-specific suicide mortality in England, 2011–2015.MethodEstimation of indirectly standardised mortality rates for occupations/occupational groups based on national data.ResultsAmong males the highest risks were seen in low-skilled occupations, particularly construction workers (standardised mortality ratio [SMR] 369, 95% CI 333–409); low-skilled workers comprised 17% (1784/10 688) of all male suicides (SMR 144, 95% CI 137–151). High risks were also seen among skilled trade occupations (SMR 135 95% CI 130–139; 29% of male suicides). There was no evidence of increased risk among some occupations previously causing concern: male healthcare professionals and farmers. Among females the highest risks were seen in artists (SMR 399, 95% CI 244–616) and bar staff (SMR 182, 95% CI 123–260); nurses also had an increased risk (SMR 123, 95% CI 104–145). People in creative occupations and the entertainment industry – artists (both genders), musicians (males) and actors (males) – were at increased risk, although the absolute numbers of deaths in these occupations were low. In males (SMR 192, 95% CI 165–221) and females (SMR 170, 95% CI 149–194), care workers were at increased risk and had a considerable number of suicide deaths.ConclusionsSpecific contributors to suicide in high-risk occupations should be identified and measures – such as workplace-based interventions – put in place to mitigate this risk. The construction industry seems to be an important target for preventive interventions.Declaration of interestNone.

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Moura-Corrêa, Maria Juliana. "Leukemia Mortality among Benzene-Exposed Workers in Brazil (2006–2011)." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 13 (July 7, 2023): 6314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20136314.

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Background: In this study, the annual leukemia mortality rate is estimated by occupational groups potentially exposed to benzene in Brazil and compared to non-exposed workers by sex. Methods: Data were extracted from the Mortality Information System and the National Institute of Geography and Statistics from 2006 to 2011. Occupational groups exposed to benzene were defined by using the Finnish Job-Exposure Matrix, FINJEM. Results: We found 21,049 leukemia deaths in 1917 in occupational groups potentially exposed to benzene, corresponding to an annual average mortality rate of 4.5/100,000, higher than the estimate for non-exposed workers: 2.6/100,000, corresponding to a Mortality rate ratio MRR = 1.7. Each benzene-exposed occupational group had increased leukemia mortality, and printers and occupations in graphics presented the highest MRR (2.7), followed by laboratory assistants (MRR = 2.6), laundry workers, chemists, and upholsterers, each of these occupational groups presenting MRR = 2.3. Conclusions: Benzene shows the need for better enforcement of protective norms against this known carcinogen. Our results support the need for better enforcement of protective norms to reduce benzene exposure.

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Silva, Marlene, Vilma Santana, and Inês Dourado. "Military rank and AIDS proportionate mortality in the Brazilian Navy." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 23, no. 2 (February 2007): 419–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x2007000200018.

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This study describes AIDS mortality and occupational factors among servicemen in the Brazilian Navy. This is a proportional mortality study of 2,586 servicemen's death certificates (20-72 years of age) recorded from 1991 to 1995. Death certificates and occupational histories came from the Brazilian Navy Insurance System archives. Association was measured using proportionate mortality odds ratios obtained with unconditional logistic regression. AIDS proportionate mortality was estimated at 4.8% (n = 125) and increased during the study period, particularly among servicemen under 50 years of age and those with low rank. As compared to other occupations, there was relative excess AIDS in the "management" (proportionate mortality odds ratio, PMORage-adjusted = 2.45; 95%CI: 1.27-4.71), "secretarial" (PMORage-adjusted = 2.49; 95%CI: 1.22-5.08), and "janitorial" (PMORage-adjusted = 2.61; 95%CI: 1.10-6.16) occupational groups. AIDS proportionate mortality was higher among male than female military members. Higher rates were observed in some occupational groups when the members were low ranking. Power distribution, gender issues, and low socioeconomic status require further investigation using more appropriate methods.

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DeMers, M. P. "Occupational exposure and asthma mortality." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 272, no. 20 (November 23, 1994): 1575b—1575. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.272.20.1575b.

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Orris, Peter. "Occupational Exposure and Asthma Mortality." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 272, no. 20 (November 23, 1994): 1575. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1994.03520200031020.

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BARCLAY, KIERON J. "SEX COMPOSITION OF THE WORKPLACE AND MORTALITY RISK." Journal of Biosocial Science 45, no. 6 (November 30, 2012): 807–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002193201200079x.

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SummaryThis study uses Swedish occupational register data to examine whether the proportion of men in administrative workplaces in the Swedish public service affects all-cause mortality risks amongst both males and females of working age. Using piecewise constant survival models to analyse occupational data from the Swedish administrative registers from 1995 to 2007, it was found that for males, a 1% increase in the proportion of males was associated with a 1.3% increase in mortality risk (hazard ratio, HR 1.013, 95% CI 1.007–1.020, p<0.001), but no association was found for females (HR 1.004, 95% CI 0.996–1.012, p=0.297). Adjustments were made for age, family status, education, occupational status, occupational segregation by sex, the total number of individuals in the workplace, level of government, region, period and variables reflecting the workplace structure by age, age by sex, occupation and education. A higher proportion of males may be related to (i) an increased exposure to risky health behaviours such as alcohol consumption and unhealthy dietary patterns, (ii) a tendency towards sickness presenteeism, and (iii) an increase in the levels of several well-established emotional stressors in the workplace, leading to an increased level of psychosocial stress. The findings and potential extensions of this research are discussed.

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Massari, Stefania, Vittoria Carolina Malpassuti, Alessandra Binazzi, Lorena Paris, Claudio Gariazzo, and Alessandro Marinaccio. "Occupational Mortality Matrix: A Tool for Epidemiological Assessment of Work-Related Risk Based on Current Data Sources." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 9 (May 6, 2022): 5652. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095652.

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Mortality from occupational diseases significantly afflicts society, in terms of both economic costs and human suffering. The International Labour Organization (ILO) estimated that 2.4 million workers die from work-related diseases every year. In Europe, around 80,000 workers die from cancer attributed to occupational exposure to carcinogens. This study developed the Occupational Mortality Matrix (OMM) aimed to identify significant associations between causes of death and occupational sectors through an individual record linkage between mortality data and the administrative archive of occupational histories. The study population consisted of 6,433,492 deceased subjects in Italy (in the period 2005–2015), of which 2,723,152 records of work histories were retrieved (42%). The proportional mortality ratio (PMR) was estimated to investigate the excess of mortality for specific causes associated with occupational sectors. Higher PMRs were reported for traditionally risky occupations such as shipbuilding for mesothelioma cases (PMR: 8.15; 95% CI: 7.28–9.13) and leather production for sino-nasal cancer (PMR: 5.04; 95% CI: 3.54–7.19), as well as for unexpected risks such as male breast cancer in the pharmaceutical industry (PMR: 2.56; 95% CI: 1.33–4.93) and brain cancer in railways (PMR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.24–1.66). The OMM proved to be a valid tool for research studies to generate hypotheses about the occupational etiology of diseases, and to monitor and support priority actions for risk reduction in workplaces.

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Bovio, Nicolas, Danielle Vienneau, and Irina Guseva Canu. "O3D.6 Inventory of occupational, industrial and population cohorts in switzerland." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 76, Suppl 1 (April 2019): A29.1—A29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem-2019-epi.77.

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ContextGiven the importance of harmonization in occupational epidemiology (OE) research, an European network, OMEGA-NET, is developing an inventory of occupational, industrial and population cohorts in Europe. We inventorized existing cohorts in Switzerland and assessed their relevance for OE.MethodsWe identified cohorts based on the review of data repositories and publications of the leading occupational and public health institutions in Switzerland. Cohorts were considered relevant for OE if data on occupation were available. The quality of these data was assessed critically.ResultsIn Switzerland, we found no industrial cohort, one retrospective occupational cohort exposed to magnetic fields [20,141 Swiss Federal Railway workers, cancer morbidity follow-up=1972–2002] and four population-based cohorts relevant for OE: the census-based Swiss National Cohort (SNC) [5.8 million adult residents in Switzerland, mortality by cause follow-up=1990–2014], the Study on Air Pollution And Lung Disease In Adults (SAPALDIA) [n=9,561, lung function and morbidity follow-up=1991-present], CoLaus|PsyCoLaus [6,700 35–75 year-old residents of Lausanne, cardiovascular and mental morbidity follow-up=2003-present], the Swiss Kidney Project on Genes in Hypertension (SKIPOGH) [1134 residents of Lausanne, Geneva and Berne, kidney and metabolic morbidity follow-up=2009-present].Occupation was coded using the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO) only in the SNC (ISCO-68 and ISCO-88) and SAPALDIA (ISCO-88). In SKIPOGH, the Belgian Classification of occupations was used. In CoLaus|PsyCoLaus, occupation remains uncoded. Noteworthy, the percentage of missing occupations is 43%, non-reported, 65% and 61%, respectively.ConclusionHaving detailed high-quality data on multiple health outcomes, the identified Swiss cohorts may represent a valuable contribution to OE research. However, in absence of standardisation in collecting and coding of occupational data in these cohorts, their use in OE is still challenging. Planned harmonization efforts in frame of OMEGA-NET will be beneficial for improving the quality of these data and OE research in Switzerland and abroad.

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Tikhonova, G. I., T. E. Piktushanskaya, T. Yu Gorchakova, A. N. Churanova, and M. S. Bryleva. "Influence of duration and intensity of exposure to occupational hazards on mortality levels of coal miners." Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology, no. 7 (July 31, 2018): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2018-7-16-21.

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Th e article presents results of analytic epidemiologic study of mortality in coal miners cohort in Rostov region, who had occupational disease registered in various years. The cohort included 9980 males, the observation period was 26 years (01/01/1990–31/12/2015). Deep analysis of mortality with leading death causes in subgroups of coal miners differentiated by length of service in underground conditions. Standardized relative risk of death in the subgroups increased with longer length of service, with respiratory diseases, circulatory system diseases and malignancies.The authors studied mortality in subcohorts of the miners with leading and auxiliary occupations, whose work conditions differ in intensity of exposure to occupational hazards. For the workers with leading occupations, standardized relative risk of death with respiratory diseases, circulatory system diseases and malignancies was higher.

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Kokkinen, Lauri, Carles Muntaner, Aki Koskinen, and Ari Väänänen. "Occupational class, capitalist class advantage and mortality among working-age men." Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 74, no. 1 (October 14, 2019): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2019-212952.

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BackgroundDisparities in mortality have been firmly established across occupational grades and the incomes they earn, but this line of research has failed to include individuals’ relationships to capital, as suggested by class analysists.MethodsAccording to Wright’s classification, the research generated 10 mutually exclusive classes based on occupation and investment income: worker; capitalist worker; professional; capitalist professional; supervisor; capitalist supervisor; manager; capitalist manager; self-employed; and capitalist self-employed. The study participants (n=268 239) were randomly selected from the Statistics Finland population database and represent 33% of Finnish men aged 30–64 years. The mortality data were monitored over the 1995–2014 period.ResultsThe sociodemographic-adjusted HRs for mortality were lowest for capitalist managers (HR 0.50; 95% CI 0.36 to 0.69) as compared with that for workers without a capitalist class advantage. A positive occupational class gradient was found from managers to supervisors to workers. The capitalist class advantage independently affected the disparities in mortality within this occupational hierarchy.ConclusionDifferent occupational class locations protect against premature death differently, and the capitalist class advantage widens the premature-death disparities among the occupational classes. To monitor and explain social inequalities in health in a more nuanced way, future research on investment income as well as the operationalisation of the capitalist class advantage is encouraged.

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Paglione, Lorenzo, Laura Angelici, Marina Davoli, Nera Agabiti, and Giulia Cesaroni. "Mortality inequalities by occupational status and type of job in men and women: results from the Rome Longitudinal Study." BMJ Open 10, no. 6 (June 2020): e033776. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033776.

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ObjectivesSocioeconomic inequalities have a strong impact on population health all over the world. Occupational status is a powerful determinant of health in rich societies. We aimed at investigating the association between occupation and mortality in a large metropolitan study.DesignCohort study.SettingRome, capital of Italy.ParticipantsWe used the Rome Longitudinal Study, the administrative cohort of residents in Rome at the 2001 general census, followed until 2015. We selected residents aged 15–65 years at baseline. For each subject, we had information on sex, age and occupation (occupational status and type of job) according to the Italian General Census recognition.Main outcome measuresWe investigated all-cause, cancer, cardiovascular and accidental mortality, major causes of death in the working-age population. We used Cox proportional hazards models to investigate the association between occupation and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in men and women.ResultsWe selected 1 466 726 subjects (52.1% women). 42 715 men and 29 915 women died during the follow-up. In men, 47.8% of deaths were due to cancer, 26.7% to cardiovascular causes and 6.4% to accidents, whereas in women 57.8% of deaths were due to cancer, 19.3% to cardiovascular causes and 3.5% to accidents. We found an association between occupational variables and mortality, more evident in men than in women. Compared with employed, unemployed had a higher risk of mortality for all causes with an HR=1.99 (95% CI 1.92 to 2.06) in men and an HR=1.49 (95% CI 1.39 to 1.60) in women. Compared with high-qualified non-manual workers, non-specialised manual workers had a higher mortality risk (HR=1.68, 95% CI 1.59 to 1.77 and HR=1.30, 95% CI 1.20 to 1.40, for men and women, respectively).ConclusionsThis study shows the importance of occupational variables as social health determinants and provides evidence for policy-makers on the necessity of integrated and preventive policies aimed at improving the safety of the living and the working environment.

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Cambois, Emmanuelle, Caroline Laborde, and Jonathan Mandelbaum. "Occupational Mobility and Mortality in France." Population (english edition) 66, no. 2 (2011): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/pope.1102.0333.

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Lundin, Jessica I., Bruce H. Alexander, Geary W. Olsen, and Timothy R. Church. "Ammonium Perfluorooctanoate Production and Occupational Mortality." Epidemiology 20, no. 6 (November 2009): 921–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ede.0b013e3181b5f395.

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Fullerton, Lynne, Lenora Olson, Cameron Crandall, David Sklar, and Ross Zumwalt. "Occupational Injury Mortality in New Mexico." Annals of Emergency Medicine 26, no. 4 (October 1995): 447–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0196-0644(95)70113-3.

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Graff-Iversen, Sidsel, Randi Selmer, Marit Sørensen, and Svetlana Skurtveit. "Occupational Physical Activity, Overweight, and Mortality." Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport 78, no. 3 (June 2007): 151–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2007.10599412.

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Sonnenberg, Amnon. "Occupational Mortality of Inflammatory Bowel Disease." Digestion 46, no. 1 (1990): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000200273.

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Yoon, Jin-Ha, Sun Jae Jung, Jaesung Choi, and Mo-Yeol Kang. "Suicide Trends over Time by Occupation in Korea and Their Relationship to Economic Downturns." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 11 (June 5, 2019): 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16112007.

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We analyzed suicide mortality by occupation using administrative data from 1993 to 2016. Methods: National death records from 1993 to 2016 of the Korea National Statistical Office (KNSO) were used. Suicidal death was taken from Korean Classification of Disease codes as intentional self-harm (X60–X84) and sequelae of intentional self-harm (Y870). Occupational groups were categorized into “Manager,” “Officer,” ”Service-Trade,” “Agricultural-Fishery-Forestry” (AFF), “Skilled Manual,” and “Unskilled Manual.” Direct standardized mortality (DSM) and standardized mortality ratio (SMR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated. Overall, suicide rates increased during economic downturns, especially among lower socio-economic occupation classes. Both DSM and SMR were highest in AFF, followed by Unskilled Manual, Service-Trade, Officer, Skilled Manual, and Manager categories among men, whereas women showed the highest DSM and SMR in AFF, followed by Service-Trade, Officer, Unskilled Manual, Manager, and Skilled Manual categories. The age-stratified analysis showed that age groups with increasing trends in suicide differed according to occupation and gender. In certain occupational groups, the time-point prevalence fluctuated with socio-economic background in suicidal mortality and differed by age and gender.

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Kåreholt, Ingemar, and Alexander Darin Mattsson. "O8D.2 Occupational complexity in relation to late life physical functioning in sweden." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 76, Suppl 1 (April 2019): A75.2—A75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem-2019-epi.202.

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BackgroundOccupational complexity is a measure of intellectual stimulation at work. Higher occupational complexity has consistently been associated with less cognitive decline, decreased risk of dementia, less psychological distress, and lower mortality. We build on this research by investigating the association between occupational complexity and physical functioning in late life.MethodsTwo linked Swedish nationally representative surveys were used. Midlife health, education, social class, income, and occupational complexity from current/latest occupation was assessed in 1991. Data from 1991 also include retrospective questions about life-time occupations. From this data we created an aggregated score (based on occupational complexity at ages 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, and 50 in addition to the first occupation). Trajectories of change in complexity scores were measured using random slope and intercept models. Physical functioning was assessed in 2014 by self-reported mobility limitations and limitations in activities of daily living (ADL).ResultsThe results show an association between latest and aggregated higher occupational complexity and fewer mobility and ADL limitations. Adjusting for midlife health only moderately affected the associations. The associations were reduced to non-significant when adjusted for education, social class, and income. Trajectories of occupational complexity were only marginally, or not at all, associated with physical functioning in late life.DiscussionOccupational complexity was associated with physical functioning; however, the association could be entirely attributed to socioeconomic position. The initially observed associations between occupational complexity and physical functioning in late life appear to be explained by the same pathways as socioeconomic position. The combined associations between occupational complexity and socioeconomic position on one hand and physical functioning on the other hand need to be further analyzed.

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Bukhtiyarov, I. V., G. I. Tikhonova, T. E. Piktushanskaya, M. S. Brylеva, T. Yu Gorchakova, and A. N. Churanova. "Comparative evaluation of life span in individuals with occupational diseases: methodic approaches." Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology, no. 7 (July 31, 2018): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2018-7-9-15.

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The authors specified a method of comparative evaluation of life span for individuals with occupational diseases and general population of corresponding age and sex. The method was tested on materials of database from Rostov regionalOccupational Pathology center. Comparative analysis covered age and death causes in 8082 coal miners with confirmed occupational disease, who died during subsequent 26 years (01/01/1990–31/12/2015), and data on male population mortality in Rostov region over the same period. The method specified helped to define that life span in the miners with occupational disease is shorter by 2.9 years vs. that in general male population of the same age.Total share of death with diseases considered occupational or occupationally conditioned in miners equaled 93.3% in the main group, and the share of other causes is less than 7% vs. 33.4% in the general male population of Rostov region.Testing of the suggested methodic approach proves that it can be applied for comparative evaluation of life span and structure of mortality causes in individuals with occupational diseases in various regions of the country, for various occupational groups or certain entities (nosology types) in occupational pathology.

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Maheen, Humaira, Stefanie Dimov, Matthew J. Spittal, and Tania L. King. "Suicide in welfare support workers: a retrospective mortality study in Australia 2001–2016." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 78, no. 5 (February 11, 2021): 336–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2020-106757.

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ObjectivesEmployees working in the welfare and healthcare industry have poorer mental health than other occupational groups; however, there has been little examination of suicide among this group. In this study, we examined suicide rates among welfare support workers and compared them to other occupations in Australia.MethodsWe used data from the National Coroners Information System to obtain suicide deaths between the years 2001 and 2016. Using the Australian standard population from 2001 and Census data from 2006, 2011 and 2016, we calculated age-standardised suicide rates and rate ratios to compare suicide rates across different occupational groups.ResultsOverall, the age-standardised suicide rate of welfare support workers was 8.6 per 100 000 people. The gender-stratified results show that male welfare support workers have a high suicide rate (23.8 per 100 000 people) which is similar to male social workers and nurses (25.4 per 100 000). After adjusting for age and year of death, both males (rate ratio 1.48, 95% CI 1.23 to 1.78) and female welfare support workers (rate ratio 1.49, 95% CI 1.20 to 1.86) have higher suicide rate ratios compared with the reference group (excluding occupations from the comparison groups).ConclusionThe age-standardised suicide rates of male welfare support workers are comparable to occupations which have been identified as high-risk occupations for suicide. Both female and male welfare support workers are at elevated risk of suicide compared with other occupations. Further research is required to understand the drivers of the elevated risk in this group.

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Collins, J. J. "Mortality surveillance and occupational hazards: the Solutia mortality experience 1980-94." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 57, no. 10 (October 1, 2000): 710–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem.57.10.710.

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Meltzer, Howard, Clare Griffiths, Anita Brock, Cleo Rooney, and Rachel Jenkins. "Patterns of suicide by occupation in England and Wales: 2001–2005." British Journal of Psychiatry 193, no. 1 (July 2008): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.107.040550.

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BackgroundSuicide rates vary by occupation but this relationship has not been frequently studiedAimsTo identify the occupations with significantly high suicide rates in England and Wales in 2001–2005 and to compare these with rates from previous decadesMethodMortality data from death registrations in England and Wales over the calendar years 2001–2005 were used to calculate proportional mortality ratios (PMRs) and standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) for both men and women aged 20–64 years by their occupationResultsAmong men, in 2001–2005, construction workers, and plant and machine operatives had the greatest number of suicides. The highest PMRs were for health professionals (PMR=164) and agricultural workers (PMR=133). Among women, administrative and secretarial workers had the greatest number of suicides yet the highest PMRs were found for health (PMR=232), and sport and fitness (PMR=244) occupationsConclusionsExcess mortality from suicide remains in some occupational groups. The apparent changes in suicide patterns merits further exploration, for example examining the prevalence of depression and suicidal ideation in medical practitioners, dentists, veterinarians, agricultural workers, librarians and construction workers

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Alexopoulos, Evangelos, Katerina Kavalidou, and Fani Messolora. "Suicide Mortality Patterns in Greek Work Force before and during the Economic Crisis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 3 (February 6, 2019): 469. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16030469.

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Background: The global recession of 2007 has attracted research attention in regard to a possible increase of deaths by suicide among employed populations. The aim of the current study was to update the first Greek study on suicide mortality among broad occupational groups during 2000–2009, with the last available data covering the first period of economic crisis and recession in Greece. Methods: Data on suicide deaths for the age groups of 15–39, 40–49 and 50–59, between 2000–2013 were retrieved from the national statististical authority of Greece, ELSTAT. The coding of suicide used was X60–X84 (intentional self-harm), based on the 10th International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). Comparative mortality ratio (CMR) and exact 95% confidence intervals (CI) are presented. Results: Males and females in the occupational group of clerks exhibited high and increased CMRs during the crisis period (2010–2013). Although high ratios for males in elementary, agricultural and fishery and armed forces occupational groups were monitored during the whole period, a decrease was evident during the crisis period. Increased trends in CMRs during the crisis were monitored for both males and females in the broad occupational group of members including managers, executives and directors. In addition, females especially in the 50–59 age group showed increased ratios and trends in several occupational groups during the crisis, especially in technologists and associate professionals, plant and machine operators and assemblers, professionals, and craft and related trade workers. Conclusions: Austerity-related stress should alert key stakeholders and provide mental health and suicide prevention interventions for employed occupations.

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Vinjerui, Kristin Hestmann, Johan H. Bjorngaard, Steinar Krokstad, Kirsty A. Douglas, and Erik R. Sund. "Socioeconomic Position, Multimorbidity and Mortality in a Population Cohort: The HUNT Study." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 9 (August 26, 2020): 2759. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9092759.

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Multimorbidity and socioeconomic position are independently associated with mortality. We investigated the association of occupational position and several multimorbidity measures with all-cause mortality. A cohort of people aged 35 to 75 years who participated in the Trøndelag Health Study in 2006–2008 and had occupational data was linked to the Norwegian National Population Registry for all-cause mortality from study entry until 1 February 2019. Logistic regression models for each occupational group were used to analyze associations between the number of conditions and 10-year risk of death. Cox regression models were used to examine associations between combinations of multimorbidity, occupational position, and mortality. Analyses were conducted for men and women. Included were 31,132 adults (16,950 women (54.4%)); occupational groups: high, 7501 (24.1%); low, 15,261 (49.0%)). Increased mortality was associated with lower occupational group, more chronic conditions, and all multimorbidity measures. The joint impact of occupational group and multimorbidity on mortality was greater in men than women. All multimorbidity measures are strongly associated with mortality, with varying occupational gradients. Social differences in multimorbidity are a public health challenge and necessitate consideration in health care. Men in lower occupational groups seem to be a particularly vulnerable group.

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Chen, Yea-Hung, Maria Glymour, Alicia Riley, John Balmes, Kate Duchowny, Robert Harrison, Ellicott Matthay, and Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo. "Excess mortality associated with the COVID-19 pandemic among Californians 18–65 years of age, by occupational sector and occupation: March through November 2020." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (June 4, 2021): e0252454. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252454.

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Background Though SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks have been documented in occupational settings and in-person essential work has been suspected as a risk factor for COVID-19, occupational differences in excess mortality have, to date, not been examined. Such information could point to opportunities for intervention, such as vaccine prioritization or regulations to enforce safer work environments. Methods and findings Using autoregressive integrated moving average models and California Department of Public Health data representing 356,188 decedents 18–65 years of age who died between January 1, 2016 and November 30, 2020, we estimated pandemic-related excess mortality by occupational sector and occupation, with additional stratification of the sector analysis by race/ethnicity. During these first 9 months of the COVID-19 pandemic, working-age adults experienced 11,628 more deaths than expected, corresponding to 22% relative excess and 46 excess deaths per 100,000 living individuals. Sectors with the highest relative and per-capita excess mortality were food/agriculture (39% relative excess; 75 excess deaths per 100,000), transportation/logistics (31%; 91 per 100,000), manufacturing (24%; 61 per 100,000), and facilities (23%; 83 per 100,000). Across racial and ethnic groups, Latino working-age Californians experienced the highest relative excess mortality (37%) with the highest excess mortality among Latino workers in food and agriculture (59%; 97 per 100,000). Black working-age Californians had the highest per-capita excess mortality (110 per 100,000), with relative excess mortality highest among transportation/logistics workers (36%). Asian working-age Californians had lower excess mortality overall, but notable relative excess mortality among health/emergency workers (37%), while White Californians had high per-capita excess deaths among facilities workers (70 per 100,000). Conclusions Certain occupational sectors are associated with high excess mortality during the pandemic, particularly among racial and ethnic groups also disproportionately affected by COVID-19. In-person essential work is a likely venue of transmission of coronavirus infection and must be addressed through vaccination and strict enforcement of health orders in workplace settings.

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LEIGH, J. PAUL, and WILLIAM Y. JIANG. "Liver cirrhosis deaths within occupations and industries in the California occupational mortality study." Addiction 88, no. 6 (June 1993): 767–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.1993.tb02091.x.

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Moore, David E., and Mark D. Hayward. "Occupational Careers and Mortality of Elderly Men." Demography 27, no. 1 (February 1990): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2061551.

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Järvholm, Bengt, Christina Reuterwall, and Jennie Bystedt. "Mortality attributable to occupational exposure in Sweden." Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health 39, no. 1 (February 22, 2012): 106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.3284.

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Sonnenberg, A., and G. S. Sonnenberg. "Occupational mortality from gastric and duodenal ulcer." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 43, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem.43.1.50.

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Symons, J. M., H. Q. Le, K. H. Kreckman, C. J. Sakr, and W. M. Lednar. "A Bayesian Approach to Occupational Mortality Surveillance." Annals of Epidemiology 19, no. 9 (September 2009): 676. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2009.07.026.

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Jarvholm, B., C. Reuterwall, and J. Bystedt. "Mortality in Sweden related to occupational exposures." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 68, Suppl_1 (September 1, 2011): A58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2011-100382.188.

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Edwards, Jessie K., Leah J. McGrath, Jessie P. Buckley, Mary K. Schubauer-Berigan, Stephen R. Cole, and David B. Richardson. "Occupational Radon Exposure and Lung Cancer Mortality." Epidemiology 25, no. 6 (November 2014): 829–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ede.0000000000000164.

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NG, T. P. "Occupational Mortality in Hong Kong, 1979–1983." International Journal of Epidemiology 17, no. 1 (1988): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/17.1.105.

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Park, Robert M. "Social class and mortality in occupational cohorts." American Journal of Industrial Medicine 22, no. 1 (1992): 135–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajim.4700220113.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Occupational mortality'

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