Journal articles: 'Occupational measures'

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de Perio, Marie A., Kaitlin Benedict, Samantha L. Williams, Christine Niemeier-Walsh, Brett J. Green, Christopher Coffey, Michelangelo Di Giuseppe, et al. "Occupational Histoplasmosis: Epidemiology and Prevention Measures." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 7 (June 26, 2021): 510. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7070510.

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In areas where Histoplasma is endemic in the environment, occupations involving activities exposing workers to soil that contains bird or bat droppings may pose a risk for histoplasmosis. Occupational exposures are frequently implicated in histoplasmosis outbreaks. In this paper, we review the literature on occupationally acquired histoplasmosis. We describe the epidemiology, occupational risk factors, and prevention measures according to the hierarchy of controls.

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Christoph, Bernhard, Britta Matthes, and Christian Ebner. "Occupation-Based Measures—An Overview and Discussion." KZfSS Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie 72, S1 (June 24, 2020): 41–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11577-020-00673-4.

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Abstract Occupational information is among the most versatile categories of information about a person available in quantitative data. The goal of this paper is to provide an overview of occupation-based measures in different topic areas. These include not only measures for analyzing social stratification, such as prestige scales, socioeconomic indices and class schemes but also measures of workplace tasks, occupation-specific health risks, gender segregation, and occupational closure. Moreover, as the quality of such data depends on the quality of the underlying occupational information, we also provide an overview of how to collect occupational information in surveys, how to code this information, and how occupational classifications are commonly used. By doing so, we hope to increase researchers’ awareness of the potential of occupation-based analyses, as well as their knowledge of how to properly handle such measures in empirical analyses.

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Mazumder, Bhashkar, and Miguel Acosta. "Using Occupation to Measure Intergenerational Mobility." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 657, no. 1 (December 10, 2014): 174–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716214552056.

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Scholarly investigations of intergenerational mobility typically focus on either the occupations of fathers and sons or their incomes. Using an identical sample of fathers and sons, we examine how estimates of intergenerational mobility in income and occupational prestige are affected by (1) measurement that uses long time averages and (2) varying the point in the life cycle when outcomes are measured. We find that intergenerational occupational mobility is overstated when using a single year of fathers’ occupation compared to a 10-year average centered on mid-career. We also find that for both income and occupation, mobility estimates are largest when sons are in their mid-career, suggesting that this may be the ideal period in which to measure their status. Finally, we see differences in the pattern of estimates across the two types of measures: for income, estimates of intergenerational persistence are highest when fathers are in their mid-career; for occupation, estimates are much larger when fathers’ occupations are accounted for late in their careers.

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Laditka, Sarah, James Laditka, and Ahmed Arif. "Linking Work-Life Occupational Exposures With Distress and Mortality Before and After Retirement." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1425.

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Abstract Mental health problems have surpassed musculoskeletal injuries as causes of work disability. Workers in certain occupations may have high risks for mental health problems and premature death even after retirement. People in high risk occupations for many years may be particularly vulnerable, along with groups with higher health risks such as rural residents. Little research examines their occupation-related risks. No research has examined how occupational exposures affect mental health in retirement. We studied these life course risks using the nationally representative Panel Study of Income Dynamics, following participants 36 years beginning 1981, with annual measures of occupation and distress (n=16,994; 129,880 occupation measures; 415 deaths). We estimated hazards of developing distress in occupations hypothesized to have high and low distress risks, adjusted for factors associated with occupational choice and mental health including age, education, income, race/ethnicity, sex, childhood and midlife health, and family trauma. Compared to low risk occupations, working in high risk occupations was associated with 20% elevated odds of distress (adjusted odds ratio, OR 1.20, 95% confidence interval, CI 1.13 1.28) and 55% elevated risk of death (hazard ratio 1.55, CI 1.11-2.16). Each additional year in a high risk occupation increased the odds by 5%. Rural residents had the highest occupation-related distress risk (adjusted OR 3.05, CI 2.39-3.97). At ages 70+ each additional past exposure year was associated with 2% higher distress risk (p<0.05), and 4.6% higher mortality (p<0.05). Workers in certain occupations have high risks of psychological distress and death, even after retirement.

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Freeman, Richard B., Ina Ganguli, and Michael J. Handel. "Within-Occupation Changes Dominate Changes in What Workers Do: A Shift-Share Decomposition, 2005–2015." AEA Papers and Proceedings 110 (May 1, 2020): 394–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pandp.20201005.

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This paper measures aggregate changes in job characteristics in the United States from 2005 to 2015 and decomposes those changes into components representing shifts within occupations and changes in occupational employment shares. Per our title, within-occupation changes dominate, raising doubts about the ability of projections based on expected changes in the occupational composition of employment to capture the likely future of work. Indeed, our data show only weak relationships between automatability, repetitiveness, and other job attributes and changes in occupational employment. The results suggest that analysts give greater attention to within-occupation impacts of technology in assessing the future of work.

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Sangamithra, A., and P. Sindia. "Health Hazards of Industrial Workers: Preventive Measures." Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 8, no. 2 (October 1, 2020): 113–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/sijash.v8i2.3447.

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Workers in every occupation face a multitude of hazards in the work place - occupational health and. Safety addresses the broad range of workplace hazards from accident prevention to the more insidious hazards, including toxic fumes, dust, noise, heat, stress, etc. Preventing work-related diseases and accidents must be the goal of occupational health and safety programs. The occupational health service is a link in the work organization. Human life is high in the hierarchy of values for the health professions. Health is a major determinant of the quality of life. Societal values have greater importance in the world of labor, with its complex informal and formal social structures. The cultural values of both workers and the community at large have to be considered. Present-day technology is a valuable asset if its limitations are understood. Computers and their software already provide thoroughly tested systems of data recording, processing, retrieval, and analysis, obviating the need for other records and occupational health services. The occupational illness burden is growing at an increasing rate. The profile of occupational illness has also been modified over a period due to modernization, liberalization, and globalization. Trained human resources in the field of occupational health and safety are far below the requirement. Hence, there is an urgent need for framing suitable policy, developing newer strategies, and developing our knowledge about occupational health and safety measures. Traditional training in occupational health needs to be supplemented with modern techniques.

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Pitt, Richard N., and Lin Zhu. "The Relationship between College Major Prestige/Status and Post-baccalaureate Outcomes." Sociological Perspectives 62, no. 3 (September 29, 2018): 325–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0731121418803325.

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Since Blau and Duncan’s seminal work on social mobility, researchers have used subjective measures of occupational prestige to understand either the change or stability in generational socioeconomic statuses. While subjective measures of occupational prestige have been developed, the creation of measures of educational status and prestige that might serve as parallels to these measures has received less attention. In this paper, we attempt to create such a measure and then use it to test the relationship between educational status (measured through the status of college majors) and three important post-baccalaureate outcomes: income, educational attainment, and occupational prestige. Our results, based on a survey of 718 undergraduate seniors, shows that majors differ in prestige just as occupations do. Then, using the National Survey of College Graduates, we confirm that those differences are meaningful in predicting early career incomes, the attainment of an advanced degree, and the prestige rating of college graduates’ occupations.

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Metcalfe, Valerie, Mary Egan, and Katrine Sauvé-Schenk. "LSVT BIG in late stroke rehabilitation: A single-case experimental design study." Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy 86, no. 2 (March 12, 2019): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0008417419832951.

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Background. Late stroke rehabilitation interventions often target impairment with limited carryover to daily occupation. Purpose. This study explored whether the LSVT BIG program could lead to improved performance in client-identified occupations and decreased impairment late poststroke. Method. A single-case experimental design with one repetition was completed. Participants were two adults who had experienced a stroke 3 and 12 years previously. Each participant selected up to six occupational goals, and the intervention was applied to half. Repeated measures were taken using the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure and the Rating of Everyday Arm-Use in the Community and Home. Additional measures of performance and impairment were applied pre- and postintervention. Findings. Performance improved on either self-assessment or blinded-rater assessment for all but one activity (trained or untrained). Implications. LSVT BIG is a promising intervention to improve occupational performance. Further research is required to clarify elements of the program essential to improving occupational performance.

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Rosenthal, Dan, and Kitty C. Collier. "Occupational Trends and Program Priorities." education policy analysis archives 9 (July 22, 2001): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.v9n25.2001.

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Institutions of higher education that respond to the economic base in their region will remain competitive and be better positioned to obtain public funds and donor support. In addition to mandated program viability standards based on measures such as graduation rate, individual institutions and state coordinating boards can use ten-year occupational trend data to assess future program viability. We used an occupational demand model to determine whether academic programs can meet projected statewide needs for high demand and high growth occupations. For example, computer engineering, the highest growth rate occupation in Alabama, is projected to have 365 annual average job openings, with 93.6% total growth over ten years. But only 46 computer engineering majors graduate annually from all Alabama institutions of higher education. We recommend using an occupational demand model as a planning tool, decision-making tool, and catalyst for collaborative initiatives.

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Milton, Yvonne, and Sarah Roe. "Occupational therapy home programmes for children with unilateral cerebral palsy using bimanual and modified constraint induced movement therapies: A critical review." British Journal of Occupational Therapy 80, no. 6 (September 27, 2016): 337–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308022616664738.

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Introduction The home context is considered a good location for children with cerebral palsy to practise meaningful occupations. The aim of this critical review was to gain a deeper understanding of how bimanual therapy and modified constraint induced movement therapy or constraint induced movement therapy methods are used within occupational therapy home programmes from an occupational perspective. Method A literature search was conducted using electronic databases for health research; five studies met the inclusion criteria. These were critically appraised and were analysed according to the relevant supports and barriers of the person–environment–occupation conceptual model of practice. Findings Family collaboration, strategic use of outcome measures, construction of the programme within the home environment and occupation-focused goals and activities emerged as commonly used methods. Enhanced descriptions of intervention context, the child’s voice in defining goals and challenges in optimising occupational balance surfaced as gaps in the programmes. Conclusion The methods used in implementing these approaches within occupational therapy home programmes requires combining motor and non-motor approaches, core occupational therapy skills, working within individual contexts and valuing family preferences. Using child-specific goal-setting instruments would strengthen the child’s voice and promote participation within a wider range of occupations.

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Solovieva, Svetlana, Karina Undem, Daniel Falkstedt, Gun Johansson, Petter Kristensen, Jacob Pedersen, Eira Viikari-Juntura, Taina Leinonen, and Ingrid Sivesind Mehlum. "Utilizing a Nordic Crosswalk for Occupational Coding in an Analysis on Occupation-Specific Prolonged Sickness Absence among 7 Million Employees in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 23 (November 25, 2022): 15674. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315674.

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We identified occupations with a high incidence of prolonged sickness absence (SA) in Nordic employees and explored similarities and differences between the countries. Utilizing data from national registers on 25–59-year-old wage-earners from Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden, we estimated the gender- and occupation-specific age-adjusted cumulative incidence of SA due to any cause, musculoskeletal diseases and mental disorders. To increase the comparability of occupations between the countries, we developed a Nordic crosswalk for occupational codes. We ranked occupational groups with the incidence of SA being statistically significantly higher than the population average of the country in question and calculated excess fractions with the employee population being the reference group. We observed considerable occupational differences in SA within and between the countries. Few occupational groups had a high incidence in all countries, particularly for mental disorders among men. In each country, manual occupations typically had a high incidence of SA due to any cause and musculoskeletal diseases, while service occupations had a high incidence due to mental disorders. Preventive measures targeted at specific occupational groups have a high potential to reduce work disability, especially due to musculoskeletal diseases. Particularly groups with excess SA in all Nordic countries could be at focus.

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Fagamova, Alina Z., Valery A. Kaptsov, Liliya K. Karimova, Inna V. Shapoval, and Nadezhda A. Muldasheva. "Workplace stress: the main causes and preventive measures (literature review)." Hygiene and sanitation 101, no. 9 (September 30, 2022): 1065–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2022-101-9-1065-1071.

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Today stress is one of the most common pathological conditions. Associated with the stress, it’s level, anxiety, depression, and burnout syndrome are still increasing and lead to the spread of psychological maladaptation and borderline states. Working population is under continuous exposure not only to social, but also occupational stress, which creates a financial burden for institutions and whole society. This review outlines the main directions of studying the impact of work-related stress on the workers’ body and examines the main occupations affected by stress and prevention as well. Literature search was carried out among databases including Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, CyberLeninka, RSCI. The workers of dangerous occupations (transport drivers, locomotive crews, law enforcement, firefighters, rescuers), managers, working migrants, and healthcare workers are most susceptible to occupational stress. The number of people suffering from bad habits increases due to work-related stress as well. Workers use nicotine, alcohol, caffeine, sleeping pills and narcotic drugs as a negative way to overcome stress and its consequences. A special focus has been put on the influence of occupational stress on diseases development due to hazardous working conditions and features of work process management such as shift work and “emotional labour”. Furthermore, there are presented main directions of preventive measures to reduce the level of industrial stress.

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Black, Melissa H., Ben Milbourn, Kyle Desjardins, Victoria Sylvester, Kimberley Parrant, and Angus Buchanan. "Understanding the meaning and use of occupational engagement: Findings from a scoping review." British Journal of Occupational Therapy 82, no. 5 (January 19, 2019): 272–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308022618821580.

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Introduction It is theorized that occupational therapy practice is underpinned by the construct of occupational engagement, with a focus on examining the subjective meaning of occupation. The theoretical definition of occupational engagement presents significant challenges to its use, evaluation, and measurement within evidence-based contemporary occupational therapy practice. Method A scoping review was conducted to examine how occupational engagement is defined within occupational therapy literature and how occupational engagement is evaluated. Results Twenty-six journal articles were identified. Definitions were fragmented and inconsistent across studies. Key themes relating to definitions of occupational engagement included active involvement in occupation, finding value and meaning, balanced engagement, subjective experience of engagement, developing identity through occupation, and social and environmental interactions. Measures seeking to understand occupational engagement were varied across studies, with a consistent measure applied only in the area of mental health. Conclusion The lack of consistency in definitions and measurement of occupational engagement presents significant issues for occupational therapy practice and evaluation. There is a need for a common definition of occupational engagement to be applied in the literature. Outcome measures seeking to understand occupational engagement are also required; however, these rely on a clearly defined construct.

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Gündüz, Özge, Aslı Aytekin, Engin Tutkun, and Hınç Yılmaz. "Comparison of European Standard Patch Test Results of 330 Patients from an Occupational Diseases Hospital." Dermatology Research and Practice 2016 (2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9421878.

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Background and Aim.Contact dermatitis (CD) is the most prevalent occupational skin disease with a significant impact on quality of life. Patch testing is used for the identification of responsible allergens which may improve protective and preventive measures in the workplace. Herein, we aim to identify the demographic characteristics and occupation of patients with early diagnosis of occupational CD and compare patch test results.Materials and Methods.The study included 330 patients referred to our clinic between April 2009 and April 2011 and who were patch-tested with 28-allergen European Standard Test.Results.126 (38%) patients were female and 204 (62%) were male with a mean age of 36.12 (±13.13) years. Positive allergic reactions were observed in 182 (55%) patients. Nickel sulphate (41/126) and potassium dichromate (39/204) were significantly the most common allergens in women and men, respectively (P<0.005). Additionally, the most common occupation in women was household activities (83/126) and in men was manufacturing (80/204).Conclusion.The allergens to which people become sensitized differ according to their working environment and occupation. Classification of occupations is important for identification of sensitization risks and monitoring of changes in allergen distribution of different occupations.

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Aryal, Badri, Durga Devkota, and Naba Raj Devkota. "Inter-generational Mobility in Occupations of People in Rural Nepal." Janapriya Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 8 (December 31, 2019): 27–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jjis.v8i0.27298.

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This paper attempts to investigate the causal factors for occupational variation between father and son using Nepalese data from rural context. A well-structured questionnaire schedule was used to collect information from a total of 385 father son pairs in Gajuri rural municipality of Province No 3 in Dhadingdistrict of Nepal. Information was collected from those father and/or son, the senior son of a father who was married at the time of interview and whose father was alive. Three sets of variables were isolated as having an effect on the occupational relationships between father and son; father's characteristics, son’s characteristics and household characteristics. Findings revealed that three fifths of all sons adopted occupations different than their fathers. Chi-square statistics revealed a statistically significant relationship between occupation of father and occupation of son revealing a high level of occupational persistence in between generations. Binary logistic regression revealed that sons of the fathers holding salaried job/business and trades as well as those having wage labour are more likely to catch father’s occupation than the sons of farmers. Among all explanatory measures, sons' own level of education and migration experiences are powerful determinant for whether son adopts occupations different than their fathers or not.

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Sebastian, Sona. "OCCUPATIONAL STRESS; CHALLENGES AND REMEDIAL MEASURES." International Journal of Advanced Research 6, no. 2 (February 28, 2018): 111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/6416.

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Bright, Ido, Qinfeng Li, and Monica Torres. "Occupational measures and averaged shape optimization." ESAIM: Control, Optimisation and Calculus of Variations 24, no. 3 (2018): 1141–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/cocv/2017017.

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We consider the minimization of averaged shape optimization problems over the class of sets of finite perimeter. We use occupational measures, which are probability measures defined in terms of the reduced boundary of sets of finite perimeter, that allow to transform the minimization into a linear problem on a set of measures. The averaged nature of the problem allows the optimal value to be approximated with sets with unbounded perimeter. In this case, we show that we can also approximate the optimal value with convex polytopes with n+1 faces shrinking to a point. We derive conditions under which we show the existence of minimizers and we also analyze the appropriate spaces in which to study the problem.

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Clot, Y. "Occupational health: Models, measures and actions." European Review of Applied Psychology 58, no. 4 (December 2008): 297–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.erap.2008.09.012.

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Shrivastava, Ashish, Shashi P. Tomar, and Mohit Patel. "Prevalence of symptoms of occupational lung diseases in marble cutting workers." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 5, no. 8 (July 23, 2018): 3368. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20183063.

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Background: Occupational lung diseases occurs in the workers exposed to occupation related hazards. These include Asthma, COPD, Coal worker pneumoconiosis, Silicosis and Asbestosis. Marble cutting exposes workers to fine dust that can cause a number of pulmonary diseases. Usually these are people from rural areas and they are unaware of health hazards related to occupation. Spreading awareness is the key amongst these people. The objective of the To study the prevalence of symptoms related to occupational lung diseases in marble cutting workers, to estimate current status of preventive measures used and to assess adaptive changes after educational interventionsMethods: A cross-sectional study was done on the marble cutting workers of Bhedaghat who were exposed to dust from marble cutting. A survey of their working environment and level of awareness was done using questionnaires. The workers were questioned about their working environment, usage of local preventive measures and health related problems. They were then taught about occupational hazards and preventive techniques that can be adopted to prevent such hazards. In subsequent visits, again a survey was done on how many of them were using adaptive measures and relevant counselling was done.Results: Most common reported respiratory problem was shortness of breath 26% and utilization of preventive measures was very poor only 5% but After the 2 follow-up visits including interventional measures and health education, the percentage of workers who started using preventive measures increased from 5% to 57.77%.Conclusions: Prevention is the key to occupational lung diseases. Early diagnosis and treatment also play a major role as prolonged exposure to these risk factors may cause irreversible damage. Health education, periodic health checkups and use to protective measures are the essence in preventing occupational lung diseases.

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Vaingankar, Janhavi Ajit, Mythily Subramaniam, Siow Ann Chong, Vincent YF He, Edimansyah Abdin, Louisa Picco, Wei Yen Lim, and Sin Eng Chia. "Prevalence of Chronic Mental and Physical Disorders, Impact on Work Productivity and Correlates of Alcohol Use Disorders and Nicotine Dependence across Occupations." Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 44, no. 4 (April 15, 2015): 133–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v44n4p133.

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Introduction: This study assessed occupational differences in the prevalence of mental and physical disorders in an employed general population sample in Singapore and investigated the impact of these disorders on work productivity losses in terms of work-loss days and work-cutback days. The association of occupation with alcohol use disorders (AUD) and nicotine dependence (ND) was also investigated. Materials and Methods: Data from a population-based mental health survey of a representative sample of multi-ethnic residents aged 18 years and above were used. The World Health Organization's (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) was administered to establish the lifetime diagnosis of key mental disorders. Self-report on sociodemographic characteristics, productivity loss, ND, and lifetime physical conditions were obtained. Nine occupational groups were included in this analysis. Results: The sample comprised 4361 participants with a mean (SD) age of 42.2 (11.9) years, ranging between 19 to 80 years. ‘Associate professionals and technicians’ (26.2%), ‘Services and sales workers’ (17.7%) and ‘Professionals’ (15.4%) were the 3 predominant occupational categories. Sociodemographic characteristics differed significantly across occupations (P <0.001). The lifetime prevalences of having ‘any mental disorder’ and ‘any physical disorder’ were 13.0% and 37.9%, respectively; major depressive disorder was the most prevalent mental disorder (5.9%) and hypertension was the most common physical disorder (15.6%). There were no significant differences in work productivity loss across occupations. Sociodemographic and occupational correlates for AUD and ND were identified. Conclusion: Sociodemographic and health disparities exist in the major occupational categories in Singapore. The strength of the associations between occupation and AUD and ND are significant, indicating the need for preventative measures in select occupations. Key words: Major depressive disorder, Multi-ethnic, Population-based

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Nakao, Keiko, and Judith Treas. "Updating Occupational Prestige and Socioeconomic Scores: How the New Measures Measure up." Sociological Methodology 24 (1994): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/270978.

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Novikova, Tamara A., Galina A. Bezrukova, Anna G. Migacheva, and Vladimir F. Spirin. "Occupational health risk management system for greenhouse vegetable growers." Hygiene and sanitation 100, no. 5 (June 15, 2021): 457–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2021-100-5-457-463.

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Introduction. Prevention of chronic general somatic diseases associated with exposure to harmful working conditions is one of the primary measures to preserve the health of the working population and labor resources of the Russian Federation. However, insufficient attention is paid to the management of occupational health risks of agricultural workers, including greenhouse vegetable growers. Materials and methods. Hygienic and epidemiological studies were carried out based on the methodology for assessing and managing occupational health risks. Results. A complex of harmful occupational factors, including high temperatures and humidity, harmful chemicals, including pesticides, plant dust, and the labor process’s severity simultaneously affect working greenhouse growers. Working conditions were assessed as harmful (classes 3.2-3.3) of occupational risk categories from medium to high. Direct statistically significant correlations were established between the length of occupational service and diseases of the respiratory system, circulatory system, musculoskeletal system, and connective tissue (respectively r = 0.58; r = 0.6; r = 0.35). A high degree of causal relationship with the work in harmful occupational conditions of arterial hypertension (RR = 2.805; EF = 64.35%; CI = 1.498-5.253), radiculopathy of the lumbosacral spine (RR = 2.290; EF = 56%; CI = 1.140- 4.599), an average degree of uterine fibroids (RR = 1.969; EF = 49%; CI = 0.988-3.926) and chronic bronchitis (RR = 1.532; EF = 34.7%; CI = 0.682-3.442), which allows classifying them as occupationally conditioned. The system of preventive measures to minimize occupational risks and prevent occupational diseases has been scientifically substantiated. Conclusion. Current working conditions of greenhouse vegetable growers are characterized by the impact of harmful occupational factors promoting occupationally caused diseases, which requires the implementation of a set of preventive measures based on a risk-oriented approach.

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Sukhova, Anna V., E. A. Preobrazhenskaya, A. V. Il’Nitskaya, and V. A. Kir’Yakov. "THE HEALTH OF WORKERS OF CONCENTRATING MILLS BY MODERN TECHNOLOGIES OF CONCENTRATION OF MINERALS AND PREVENTION MEASURES." Health Care of the Russian Federation 61, no. 4 (May 24, 2019): 196–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0044-197x-2017-61-4-196-201.

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The article presents the results of study of factors of occupational risk for health of workers of ore-dressing factories. At ore-dressing factories, despite of implementing new technological processes and modern equipment, leading role of noise factor and pollution of air of working zone with aerosols predominantly of fibrogenic effect is preserved. for workers of ore-dressing factories a high degree of industrial conditioning of diseases of blood circulation organs, respiratory organs, bone muscular system, INT organs is specific. The structure of occupational diseases is formed by dust diseases of lungs and occupational pathology of organ of hearing. The complex of preventive measures is developed and ways of their implementation are proposed targeted to supporting health of workers opf ore-dressing factories and preventing development of occupational and occupationally conditioned diseases.

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White, Barbara Prudhomme, and Shelley E. Mulligan. "Application of Psychobiological Measures in Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy Research." OTJR: Occupation, Participation and Health 29, no. 4 (October 2009): 163–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/15394492-20090914-04.

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Rajamani, Sripriya, Elizabeth S. Chen, Elizabeth Lindemann, Ranyah Aldekhyyel, Yan Wang, and Genevieve B. Melton. "Representation of occupational information across resources and validation of the occupational data for health model." Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 25, no. 2 (April 22, 2017): 197–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocx035.

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Abstract Reports by the National Academy of Medicine and leading public health organizations advocate including occupational information as part of an individual’s social context. Given recent National Academy of Medicine recommendations on occupation-related data in the electronic health record, there is a critical need for improved representation. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health has developed an Occupational Data for Health (ODH) model, currently in draft format. This study aimed to validate the ODH model by mapping occupation-related elements from resources representing recommendations, standards, public health reports and surveys, and research measures, along with preliminary evaluation of associated value sets. All 247 occupation-related items across 20 resources mapped to the ODH model. Recommended value sets had high variability across the evaluated resources. This study demonstrates the ODH model’s value, the multifaceted nature of occupation information, and the critical need for occupation value sets to support clinical care, population health, and research.

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Goldman, Noreen, Anne R. Pebley, Keunbok Lee, Theresa Andrasfay, and Boriana Pratt. "Racial and ethnic differentials in COVID-19-related job exposures by occupational standing in the US." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (September 1, 2021): e0256085. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256085.

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Researchers and journalists have argued that work-related factors may be partly responsible for disproportionate COVID-19 infection and death rates among vulnerable groups. We evaluate these issues by describing racial and ethnic differences in the likelihood of work-related exposure to COVID-19. We extend previous studies by considering 12 racial and ethnic groups and five types of potential occupational exposure to the virus: exposure to infection, physical proximity to others, face-to-face discussions, interactions with external customers and the public, and working indoors. Most importantly, we stratify our results by occupational standing, defined as the proportion of workers within each occupation with at least some college education. This measure serves as a proxy for whether workplaces and workers employ COVID-19-related risk reduction strategies. We use the 2018 American Community Survey to identify recent workers by occupation, and link 409 occupations to information on work context from the Occupational Information Network to identify potential COVID-related risk factors. We then examine the racial/ethnic distribution of all frontline workers and frontline workers at highest potential risk of COVID-19, by occupational standing and by sex. The results indicate that, contrary to expectation, White frontline workers are often overrepresented in high-risk jobs while Black and Latino frontline workers are generally underrepresented in these jobs. However, disaggregation of the results by occupational standing shows that, in contrast to Whites and several Asian groups, Latino and Black frontline workers are overrepresented in lower standing occupations overall and in lower standing occupations associated with high risk, and thus may be less likely to have adequate COVID-19 protections. Our findings suggest that greater work exposures likely contribute to a higher prevalence of COVID-19 among Latino and Black adults and underscore the need for measures to reduce potential exposure for workers in low standing occupations and for the development of programs outside the workplace.

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Basfirinci, Cigdem, Zuhal Cilingir Uk, Sernur Karaoglu, and Kadriye Onbas. "Implicit occupational gender stereotypes: a research among Turkish university students." Gender in Management: An International Journal 34, no. 2 (April 8, 2019): 157–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/gm-07-2018-0084.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to reveal implicit occupational gender stereotypes for 12 different occupations in Turkey.Design/methodology/approachUsing a sample of 954 Turkish university students, this study aimed to explore which jobs are implicitly perceived to be masculine and which jobs are implicitly perceived to be feminine. The role of the respondents’ sex, the place where they grew up (metropolitan or rural) and the information level about the occupation (job title or job description) on occupational gender stereotypes were also tested. Gender stereotypes were assessed using a hypothetical scenario method, which provides an opportunity to reveal implicit information processing. Chi Square andt-test were used in hypothesis testing.FindingsConsistent with the circumscription and compromise and the social role theory, as expected, the findings of the current study provided additional support about occupational gender stereotypes showing that job titles are strongly effective vehicles to communicate gender stereotypes for Turkish university students.Originality/valueUsing implicit measures of information processing and offering findings from a completely different cultural background (Turkey) constitutes the original contribution of this work.

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Romijn-Bucarciuc, D., G. C. Maessen, and M. B. Visch. "Handeczema and occupational health and safety measures." Nederlands Tijdschrift Voor Tandheelkunde 128, no. 6 (June 4, 2021): 323–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5177/ntvt.2021.06.21032.

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Goreac, Dan, and Oana-Silvia Serea. "Min-max control problems via occupational measures." Optimal Control Applications and Methods 35, no. 3 (May 16, 2013): 340–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oca.2071.

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Baah-Boateng, William. "Empirical analysis of the changing pattern of sex segregation of occupation in Ghana." International Journal of Social Economics 41, no. 8 (August 5, 2014): 650–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-04-2013-0099.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to assess the changing pattern and direction of sex segregation of occupation as a measure of unbalanced distribution of occupation by sex in Ghana between 1960 and 2010, identify the sources of the changes and show whether female-male earnings difference has changed in line with the changes in occupational segregation. Design/methodology/approach – The paper applies two segregation indices to data from population censuses and household surveys in the empirical analysis Findings – The outcome of the segregation measure indicates a generally modest to high but declining occupational sex segregation in Ghana over a period of five decades. Sex composition and occupational mix effects are found to be the underlying drivers of the declining segregation with the former coming up strongly during the initial 40 years. This has, however, not translated into narrowing female-male earnings gap. Practical implications – The paper recommends measures towards economic transformation for a change in occupational structure backed by implementation of education policy to enhance female access to male-dominated science and engineering programmes and employment in high-skill occupations. Originality/value – The strength of the paper is seen from its originality as it is the first attempt to assess changing pattern of occupational segregation over a long period of five decades with consistent and comparable data sources.

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Sullivan, Charlotte, Helen Lynch, and Amanda Kirby. "Does visual perceptual testing correlate with caregiver and teacher reported functional visual skill difficulties in school-aged children?" Irish Journal of Occupational Therapy 46, no. 2 (September 3, 2018): 89–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijot-03-2018-0005.

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Purpose As occupational therapists embrace evidence-informed and occupation-centred practice, the use of standardised visual perceptual tests remains a strong feature of typical paediatric practice. Yet, the research evidence for the use of such tools is inconclusive at best. This study compared the results of the Test of Visual Perceptual Skills (TVPS) with a checklist of reported functional difficulties in 30 children attending occupational therapy. The purpose of this paper was to determine the usefulness of visual perceptual testing in relation to occupation-centred practice. Design/methodology/approach A descriptive correlational study design was used. Participants were 30 primary school-age children who were on a paediatric occupational therapy caseload. An additional 30 typically developing children participated in the development of the checklist. Findings Correlations were found between reported functional visual skill difficulties and two subtests of the TVPS (visual memory and visual discrimination). No correlation was found between the reported functional difficulties and any of the other five subtests of the TVPS or the total score. Originality/value Results highlight the weak relationship that existed in this study between standardised measures of visual perception, as measured by the TVPS, and functional difficulties. Therapists are cautioned to explore both the evidence base for continued use of standardised visual perceptual measures to inform occupation-centred practice and the need to embrace a more comprehensive person-centred approach to visual perceptual assessment.

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Creedy, John. "Lifetime Earnings of Men in Australia." Journal of Industrial Relations 33, no. 1 (March 1991): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002218569103300103.

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Most earnings comparisons and measures of inequality are based on the use of annual data. It is, however, argued that longer period comparisons are often more appropriate, although direct measures cannot be obtained because of data limitations. In the absence of longitudinal data, this paper obtains indirect estimates of the process of relative earnings mobility using cross-sectional data. These estimates are then used to provide measures of lifetime earnings and measures of the coefficient of variation of earnings measured over alternative time periods. Occupational comparisons are reported, based on data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) Income Distribution Survey 1985-86. It appears that occupations in which earnings are most variable do not necessarily have high average earnings.

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Volgareva, A., E. Shaykhlislamova, G. Gimranova, L. Karimova, and N. Muldasheva. "Occupational risks related to the exposure of the noise and vibration factor on workers extracting fuel and nonfuel minerals. Preventive measures." Sanitarnyj vrač (Sanitary Inspector), no. 6 (June 1, 2020): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-08-2006-05.

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Extraction of minerals with noise and vibration to be a priority harmful occupational factor, is one of the industries with a high risk of workers’ health, disorders. This is an occupational morbidity rate. In accordance with the regulatory and methodological documents, an assessment of the a priori and a posteriori occupational risks related to the impact of the noise-vibration factor was carried out for workers of the main occupations of the largest enterprises extracting fuel, energy and ore minerals of the Republic of Bashkortostan.An analysis of occupational health risks for workers has shown a rather high a priori risk, since the general hygienic assessment of working conditions is within the limits of Сlasses 3.2–3.4. Levels of occupational risk in accordance with occupational disease index ranged from «high» for vibrational disease in occupational groups of drifters, rig drivers, excavator drivers to «above average» for sensorineural hearing loss in installers, underground mining machine drivers, excavator drivers and aggregates. Based on the studies, measures have been developed aimed at reducing the levels of exposure to the noise-vibration factor and maintaining the health of workers engaged in mining.

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Mikolašević, Krunoslav, and Jelena Macan. "Karcinomi kože uzrokovani solarnim zračenjem kao profesionalna bolest." Sigurnost 60, no. 3 (October 4, 2018): 235–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31306/s.60.3.4.

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SUMMARY: The aim of this review article is to point out to the danger for workers who, by the nature of their occupation, spend most of their working hours outdoor and are exposed to sunlight that increases their risk of skin cancer. Exposure to sunlight during outdoor work increases the average annual dose of UV radiation for 4-5 times compared to people who do not work in the sun, which in outdoor workers significantly increases the risk for the occurrence of actinic keratosis, basal-cell skin cancer and squamous-cell skin cancer. It is considered that the risk for the occurrence of these disorders is doubled if the total lifetime UV radiation dose for persons occupationally non exposed to sun (130 SED annually) is exceeded by 40%. In the EU countries, including Croatia, the introduction of UV radiation personal dosimetry for outdoors workers is in progress. In order to prevent skin cancer caused by occupational UV exposure, it is necessary to implement preventive measures for outdoor workers. Minimum standards for prevention at the EU level include the application of personal protection measures (sunglasses, headgear, clothing, creams with sun protective factor) and health and safety educational programs implemented in the curricula of secondary high schools, and provided to workers at risky workplaces. Skin cancers or multiple actinic keratosis can be recognized as an occupational disease if: 1) diagnosis of squamous-cell skin cancer or basal-cell skin cancer or multiple actinic keratosis (minimum 6 changes) is histologically confirmed; 2) the changes are expressed in occupationally exposed areas of the skin; 3) the history of the disease reveals sufficient occupational exposure to UV radiation.

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Shaikhlislamova, Elmira, Liliya Karimova, Alfiya Volgareva, and Nadezhda Muldasheva. "Occupational health of workers in underground occupations producing polymetalliccopperzinc ores." Sanitarnyj vrač (Sanitary Inspector), no. 5 (May 1, 2020): 9–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-08-2005-01.

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In mining operations, including those in the Republic of Bashkortostan, the health of workers is not good, due to the impact of adverse occupational factors, as evidenced by the level of occupational morbidity in the industry. In this regard, the solution of issues of workers’ health protection is the most significant in occupational health. The working conditions of male workers of the main underground occupations of the enterprise producing copper-zinc ores have been studied. We have evaluated the dependence of the identified diseases on occupational factors and findings on occupational morbidity between 1997 and 2018. The results of the studies indicate a complex of adverse factors affecting the workers of underground occupations that determine the evels and structure of work-related morbidity, including occupational, the main forms of which are vibrational disease, sensorineural hearing loss, diseases of the musculoskeletal and respiratory systems. Diseases of the musculoskeletal system, upper respiratory tract and arterial hypertension with a risk level from «medium» to «very high» are regarded to be work-related. The greatest number of cases of occupational morbidity among the underground occupations has been established among drifters, fasteners, and mining technicians. Preventive measures aimed at modifying occupational factors and improving medical support for enterprise workers have been developed.

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Ganzeboom, Harry B. G., and Donald J. Treiman. "Internationally Comparable Measures of Occupational Status for the 1988 International Standard Classification of Occupations." Social Science Research 25, no. 3 (September 1996): 201–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/ssre.1996.0010.

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Corr, Susan, and Leonie Siddons. "An Introduction to the Selection of Outcome Measures." British Journal of Occupational Therapy 68, no. 5 (May 2005): 202–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030802260506800503.

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This paper introduces the key issues that occupational therapists need to cover when selecting outcome measures for their workplace. It indicates the properties required for a standardised tool and describes how data are usually collected and analysed. Consideration is given to the advantages and disadvantages of using a standardised tool to measure the outcome of occupational therapy.

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Sumathy, Govindarajan, Bhaskaran Sathyapriya, Balasubramanian Chandrakala, Jinu Merlin Koshy, Jayamathi Govindaraj, and Kesavaram Padmavathy. "Occupational Hazards of Xylene and its Preventive Measures." Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development 10, no. 12 (December 1, 2019): 2260. http://dx.doi.org/10.37506/v10/i12/2019/ijphrd/192342.

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Cullinan, Paul. "Occupational asthma: risk factors, diagnosis and preventive measures." Expert Review of Clinical Immunology 1, no. 1 (May 2005): 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/1744666x.1.1.123.

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Klein, Sheryl, Ingrid Barlow, and Vivien Hollis. "Evaluating ADL Measures from an Occupational Therapy Perspective." Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy 75, no. 2 (April 2008): 69–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000841740807500203.

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Meredith, S., and H. Nordman. "Occupational asthma: measures of frequency from four countries." Thorax 51, no. 4 (April 1, 1996): 435–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thx.51.4.435.

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Eshragh, Ali, Jerzy A. Filar, Thomas Kalinowski, and Sogol Mohammadian. "Hamiltonian Cycles and Subsets of Discounted Occupational Measures." Mathematics of Operations Research 45, no. 2 (May 2020): 713–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/moor.2019.1009.

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Eshragh, Ali, and Jerzy Filar. "Hamiltonian Cycles, Random Walks, and Discounted Occupational Measures." Mathematics of Operations Research 36, no. 2 (May 2011): 258–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/moor.1110.0492.

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Goyipnazarov, Sanjar. "ASSESSMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY MEASURES IN SMALL BUSINESSES." Theoretical & Applied Science 62, no. 06 (June 30, 2018): 207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15863/tas.2018.06.62.36.

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Vuyk, M. Alexandra, Yujia Lei, Thomas S. Krieshok, and Gerónimo Codas. "Occupational Engagement and Positive Psychological Measures in Two Collectivistic Cultures." Journal of Career Development 47, no. 6 (February 27, 2019): 611–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0894845319832668.

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This study assessed occupational engagement and its relationship to positive psychological measures in two collectivistic cultures. Undergraduate students in China ( n = 230) and Paraguay ( n = 231) completed the Occupational Engagement Scale for Students (OES-S), a one-factor, 9-item scale to measure occupational engagement, the Vocational Identity Scale, the Satisfaction With Life Scale, the Adult Hope Scale, and the Personal Growth Initiative Scale-II. Multigroup confirmatory factor analyses with OES-S scores were held for partial strong measurement invariance. OES-S scores correlated with scores on positive psychological measures. While the OES-S has room for improvement, occupational engagement seems to be a viable cross-cultural construct applicable to collectivistic cultures.

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Kristal, Tali. "Why Has Computerization Increased Wage Inequality? Information, Occupational Structural Power, and Wage Inequality." Work and Occupations 47, no. 4 (July 16, 2020): 466–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0730888420941031.

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This article offers a new account of rising inequality by providing a new explanation for the observed correlation between computerization and earnings. The argument is that as computers transformed work into a more knowledge-intensive activity, occupations located at critical junctions of information flow have gained greater structural power, and thereby higher wages. Combining occupational measures for location in the information flow based on the Occupational Information Network with the 1979–2016 Current Population Surveys, the analyses reveal a rising wage premium for occupations with greater access to and control of information, independent of the spectrum of skills related to computerization.

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Vargo, James W., Helen M. Madill, and Philip R. Davidson. "The Pre-Admission Interview as a Predictor of Academic Grades and Fieldwork Performance." Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy 53, no. 4 (October 1986): 211–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000841748605300406.

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Data from 139 graduates, of the Bachelor of Science program in Occupational Therapy at the University, of Alberta were analyzed, to determine the relationship among pre-admission required courses, grads point average in each of four years, and clinical performance as measured by ratings, on the Report of Clinical Fieldwork from the Canadian, Association of Occupational, Therapy (CAOT Form) and by the Field, work Performance Report from, the American. Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA Form). Relationships between pre-admission interview ratings and both measures of clinical performance were lower, than relationships of the clinical measures with four of the eight academic measures in the case of the CAOT Form, and five of the eight academic measures in the case of the AOTA Form. Results are discussed in terms of admission criteria for occupational therapy programs in general and? the University of Alberta program in particular.

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Sobek, Matthew. "Work, Status, and Income." Social Science History 20, no. 2 (1996): 169–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200021593.

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The historical record rarely presents researchers with precisely the evidence they desire. This is particularly true for social historians and like-minded scholars, whose subjects left precious few signs of their passing. Consequently, certain data have borne a disproportionate evidentiary load in social-historical research. The occupation a person pursued is one key piece of information on which scholars have come to depend. Our understanding of the historical social structure and where people fit into it is bound up with the interpretation of occupations. But this reliance on occupation as the primary social locator in historical research depends on some largely unexamined premises. Whether scholars group occupations or convert them into numerical status measures, they make assumptions about the nature of the occupational structure. When researchers incorporate change over time into their analyses, they suggest that the meaning of occupations remained stable for the purpose of measuring social mobility, class position, or group status-attainment. This assumption has been the subject of little discussion and even less research. For all the use to which historians have put occupation, there has been little effort to assess systematically its stability as a social or economic indicator.

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Abd El-Maksoud, Mona Mohamed, and Nadia Abdel-Latif Ali. "Perception of printing workers regarding occupational health hazards and safety measures." Journal of Nursing Education and Practice 10, no. 8 (May 17, 2020): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jnep.v10n8p39.

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Background and objective: Printing workers are frequently exposed to many forms of occupational hazards while doing their jobs. Little research was done in Egypt about printings occupational hazards, which constitute a huge burden on the affected workers and employment settings. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the perception of occupational hazards and safety measures among printing workers.Methods: Descriptive analytic design was carried out the current study at the Egyptian Book House Press in Cairo on a purposive sample of 200 workers using a structured questionnaire to collect data, which include demographic data, occupational hazards, predisposing factors and safety measures as perceived by workers.Results: The results revealed that the majority of workers exposed to moderate level of occupational health hazards and safety measures. The most hazards the printing workers are exposed to it, are health, chemical, injury and psychological hazards. Also, there is a highly statistically significant negative correlation with total occupational hazards and safety measures.Conclusions: The study can be concluded that the workers exposed to moderate occupational hazards. As well, the majority of workers stated that there is a moderate level of safety measures to occupational hazards in their workplace. Therefore, this study recommended that continuous training of the printing workers on safety guidelines and enforcement of standard safety practices to decrease the potential occupational hazards.

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Maksymenko, Sergii, Oleg Kokun, Iegor Topolov, Olena Nemesh, and Maureen Flaherty. "THE INFLUENCE OF OCCUPATIONAL STRESS ON EMPLOYEES’ MENTAL HEALTH." Wiadomości Lekarskie 74, no. 11 (2021): 2818–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek202111124.

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The aim: To identify the features of the influence of occupational stress on occupation-specific indicators of employees’ mental health. Materials and methods: In total, 771 skilled Russian-speaking respondents (226 men, 545 women; aged 18–67 years, M = 32.32 ± 12.28 years) from different countries and representing various professions participated in a remote online survey. Occupational stress intensity was assessed using the Russian adaptations of the Organizational Constraints Scale, Quantitative Workload Inventory and Aggressive Experiences Scale. Occupation-specific indicators of employees’ mental health were assessed using the Russian adaptations of the Maslach Burnout Inventory, Withdrawal Scale and Negative Affect at Work Scale. Results: The results showed a significant negative influence of occupational stress on occupation-specific indicators of employees’ mental health. All three indicators of occupational stress showed strong significant correlations (p < .001; r = .16–.60) with all five occupation-specific indicators of negative mental health. Constraints on performance at work had the greatest negative influence on employees’ mental health, followed by aggressive experiences and workload. Constraints on performance at work caused withdrawal behaviors and workload caused emotional exhaustion, personal accomplishment and withdrawal behaviors in men significantly more often than in women. Aggressive experiences caused depersonalization and negative affect at work in women significantly more often than in men. Conclusions: Occupational stress had a significant negative influence on all occupation-specific indicators of employees’ mental health. This influence had pronounced gendered characteristics. These results convincingly demonstrate the need for effective measures to prevent occupational stress.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Occupational measures'

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