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Huang, Jialin. "Does the negatively-worded item effict exist in personality measures? A meta-analysis." Thesis, Illinois Institute of Technology, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3664037.
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This study meta-analyzed IRT item discrimination parameter estimates and CFA item loadings to explore the methodological effect of negatively-worded items in personality measures. We found three important moderators that determined whether the negatively-worded item effect affected a scale. The first moderator was the manner in which the scale was defined. We found a strong negatively-worded item effect for Neuroticism but not for Emotional Stability. The personality scale was also a moderator, with a negatively-worded item effect being observed for Agreeableness, Extraversion, Neuroticism, and Openness but a positively-worded item effect for Emotional Stability and Conscientiousness. Third, low-motivation samples tended to produce a larger negatively-worded item effect. Moreover, there was no statistically significant difference between personality and non-personality inventories regarding the negatively-worded item effect. Finally, item negation did not produce the expected effect. Practical implications and limitations of the study are discussed.
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Filipkowski, Jenna Noelle. "Measuring Conscientiousness with Explicit and Implicit Measures." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1265749771.
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Kilminster-Binder, Sandra. "A report on nurses' response to occupational injuries and exposures to hazards in a Californian community hospital." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2001. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1033.
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This study set out to determine the reasons for underreporting of occupational injuries and exposures in the American health care environment. A cross sectional survey was used to report the responses and opinions of nurses who failed to report all occupational injuries and exposures, and the type of injuries that are least likely to be reported. The participants were a random sample of Registered Nurses employed in a California Health Care Center, who responded to a simple self-reporting questionnaire. The study revealed that the majority of occupational injuries, accidents and exposures by this group in the previous twelve month period had gone unreported. Ineffective education, unfamiliarity with methods of reporting and poor staffing ratios were factors that led to poor compliance of reporting. Other factors such as length of service and experience did not influence reporting habits. The originality of this research was that the questionnaire looked at the compliance of health and safe practices with consideration of the personal beliefs and attitudes that nurses hold in the workplace. Its significance is that it identified and documented appropriate strategies for employers to use to rectify the problem of reporting occupational injuries and accidents as well as described and analyzed the current systems in place.
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Sjödin, Fredrik. "Noise in the preschool : health and preventive measures." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Yrkes- och miljömedicin, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-61442.
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This thesis is based on noise recordings and health evaluations carried out at preschools in the northern part of Sweden. Sound level recordings were made on individuals and by use of stationary devices in dining rooms and play halls. Health evaluations were based on ratings by use of questionnaires and by analyses of cortisol. The average equivalent individual noise exposure was 71 dB(A). The average equivalent noise levels in the dining room and playing halls were 64 dB(A). The hearing loss of the employees was significantly higher for the frequencies tested than in an unexposed control group. Symptoms of tinnitus were reported among 31% of the employees. Noise annoyance was rated as somewhat to very annoying, and the voices of the children were the most annoying noise source. The dB(A) level and fluctuations of the noise exposure were significantly correlated with the number of children per department. Stress and energy output were pronounced among the employees. About 30% of the staff experienced strong burnout syndromes. Mental recovery was low as indicated by noise fatigue and high levels of stress after work. Increased cortisol levels during work were associated with higher number of children present at the department. An essential finding of the thesis was that noise and noise sources may impair the pedagogic work, thereby increasing the work load of employees. It is concluded that noise exposure in the preschool, isolated or in combination with other stressors, plays a fundamental role in the building up of acute as well as long term stress. An intervention study implementing six acoustical and seven organizational measures was tested, aimed to improve the noise situation in the departments. Acoustical measures improved the noise situation as well as the rated noise experiences better than the organizational measures.Avhandlingen baseras på ett samarbete med förskoleverksamheten inom Umeå kommun och har innefattat medverkan från 101 pedagoger i delstudie 1 och 24 pedagoger i en delstudie 2. Studie 1 som redovisas i tre delarbeten, I, II och III, har innefattat personburna och stationära bullermätningar i lekhallar och i matsalar. Påverkan på upplevelser samt hälsoeffekter av ljudmiljön har analyserats via frågeformulär och analyser av kortisol. Kontroll av hörselstatus har genomförts via audiometrisk screening. Studie 1 innefattar analys av bullrets effekter på såväl hörselrelaterad (Delarbete I) som stressrelaterad ohälsa (Delarbete II). Olika typer av åtgärder för att förbättra ljudmiljön och minska den bullerrelaterade ohälsan redovisas i delarbete III. Delarbete IV fokuserar på hur samverkan mellan buller och arbetsorganisation kan påverka den stressrelaterade ohälsan. Genomförda analyser av buller visar på förhållandevis likvärdiga bullerexponeringsnivåer förskolor och avdelningar emellan. Skillnaderna i exponeringsnivåer veckodagar emellan var små, skillnader mellan individer var däremot stora. Påtagliga skillnader i exponeringsnivåer förelåg som väntat under arbetsdagen. I synnerhet den personburna bulleranalysen pekade på en bullerexponering med påtagliga inslag av variation och transienter i exponeringen. Ljudmiljön karaktäriserades av medverkande pedagoger som den enskilt mest besvärande arbetsmiljöfaktorn. Barnens röster och ljud från deras aktiviteter klassificerades som de mest besvärande bullerkällorna. Personalen uppvisade sämre hörtrösklar för samtliga testade frekvenser jämfört med svensk ej bullerexponerad referenspopulation. De försämrade hörtrösklarna var relativt låga och föranledde inte i något fall remittering till hörselklinik. Prevalensen för tinnitus var 31 %, vilket motsvarar en överfrekvens på 15-20 %, jämfört med svenskt normalvärde. Ljudtrötthet efter arbetsdagens slut utgjorde ett uttalat symptom bland pedagogerna liksom försämrad sömnkvalitet och förhöjd sömnighet vid uppvaknande. Analyser av arbetsbelastning baserat på skattning och kortisolmätningar, indikerade höga energiuttag under arbete och inslag av utpräglad stress, och i flera fall utbrändhet. Signifikanta samband mellan upplevd dålig ljudmiljö, maskering av tal, försämrade förutsättningar för det pedagogiska arbetet och därmed ökad ohälsa kunde påvisas. Ljudmiljön, såväl nivåer som fluktuationer påverkades på ett uttalat sätt av antalet barn på avdelningen. Detta utgjorde också den enskilt viktigaste faktorn för att förbättra såväl ljudmiljön som den till ljudmiljön relaterade hälsan. Akustiska åtgärder visade sig genomgående mer framgångsrika för att förbättra ljudklimatet än organisatoriska åtgärder.
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Olson, Linda. "Sensory Modulation Disorder and Schizophrenia: Linking Behavioral Measures." VCU Scholars Compass, 2011. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2464.
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Schizophrenia is a devastating disorder affecting millions of people in the United States. Studies leading to new understanding of and intervention for this disorder are essential, as current interventions are minimally effective. The end result is high rates of re-hospitalization, impaired occupational performance and decreased community reintegration. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, symptoms of schizophrenia are categorized as positive or negative, with both types of symptoms impacting successful occupational engagement. Based on behavioral observations occupational therapists have hypothesized that this population may also experience sensory modulation disorder (SMD). Although electrophysiological studies support the presence of SMD, studies focusing on the relationship between the observable behaviors of these two disorders are lacking. The purpose of this project is to examine the relationship between symptoms of SMD and schizophrenia. A cross-sectional design was used for this study. A convenience sample of 40 subjects was recruited from two outpatient psychiatric programs in Chicago, Illinois. Multi-site testing using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile (A/ASP) was used to address the following questions: 1) Is there a relationship between symptoms of schizophrenia and patterns of SMD? 2) Can positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia reliably predict patterns of sensory modulation disorder? A Spearman correlation coefficient was used to examine the relationship between symptoms of schizophrenia and patterns of SMD, indicated a significant positive relationship between positive symptoms of schizophrenia and the low registration and sensory sensitivity quadrants of the A/ASP. Furthermore, a Mann Whitney U test uncovered significantly higher sensory sensitivity scores in African Americans compared to Caucasians. No significant relationships were found between negative symptoms and patterns of SMD. Stepwise regression found that positive symptoms predicted higher low registration scores and a combination of positive symptoms, race and gender were the best predictors of higher sensory sensitivity scores. This study did find a relationship between positive symptoms and patterns of SMD, suggesting that the relationship may actually be between psychosis and SMD and not schizophrenia. However, due to the small sample size, results should be interpreted cautiously and further studies completed.
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Liao, Sau-tung Sarah, and 廖秀冬. "An evaluation of occupational hazards in the electronics industry in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1985. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31230520.
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Kwayiba, Thamsanqa Felix. "Workers' perceptions of occupational safety and health administration measures at Sasol Infrachem in Sasolburg." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1001090.
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This is a qualitative study that seeks to explore the workers’ perceptions towards the occupational safety and health administration (OSHA) system at the petrochemical industrial plant Sasol Infrachem in Sasolburg. It provides a platform for shop floor workers to express their subjective perceptions of the company’s OSHA measures by answering open ended questions. The study advances the notion that notwithstanding the safety managers’ efforts towards ensuring a safety regime in the workplace, however lucrative these might be, to really ensure a safe working environment in the workplace will always depend on the individual workers’ motivation to participate safely at work at any given time to ensure his/her safety and that of others. The study explores this subject by considering how they perceive these safety strategies, their vigilance, attitudes, their ownership of these and their inclination to comply with the occupational safety and health administration measures of Sasol. This study follows a Postmodernist theoretical framework emphasizing differences. Difference is a first and foremost identity feature of human beings. This goes for both their external and internal qualities. How workers perceive and relate to safety concepts will always be shaped by the differences among them. The study also makes use of the Environmental Justice Theory as a central theme, that holds that one life lost is one too many. At the forefront of industries are shop floor workers who are most vulnerable to workplace incident.The study assumes this premise with regard to their safety and health in the workplace
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Beck, Annie Q. "RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PHYSICAL FITNESS MEASURES AND OCCUPATIONAL PHYSICAL ABILITY IN UNIVERSITY LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS." UKnowledge, 2012. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/khp_etds/9.
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Law enforcement on academic campuses can be a physically demanding profession. Law enforcement officers (LEOs) may be required to perform a variety of physical tasks. Identifying which physical fitness characteristics are associated with these tasks will guide the development of appropriate and effective exercise programs. Therefore the purpose of this study was to identify physical fitness and demographic characteristics associated with the occupational physical ability of university LEOs. Sixteen male LEOs (age: 33.1±8.7 yr.; body mass: 87.2±11.2 kg; height: 178.9±7.9 cm) performed an officer physical ability test (OPAT) that simulated a foot chase of a suspect. In addition, the officers completed a battery of physical fitness tests that assessed aerobic and anaerobic capacity, muscular endurance, strength, power, flexibility, agility, and body composition. The OPAT was correlated with agility, upper body muscular endurance and strength, torso endurance, lower body power, aerobic endurance, and relative body composition (p<0.05). In addition, the OPAT was correlated with the following demographic and anthropometric variables: age, work experience, and waist and abdominal circumferences (p<0.05). In conclusion, tactical strength and conditioning professionals must design exercise programs for university LEOs to improve multiple components of physical fitness and focus on weight management.
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Geminiani, Franco Luciano. "A model to improve the effectiveness of the Occupational Health and Safety Inspectorate function relative to South African construction." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/719.
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Irrespective of all the efforts made by the Department of Labour (DoL) and other relevant stakeholders to improve the performance of Occupational Health and Safety (OH&S) in construction. In the Construction Industry, there is still a very high level of accidents and fatalities in South Africa. Injuries and accidents to workers do not help a community in any nation. The construction industry in South Africa is generally known to be one of the most hazardous and has one of the most dismal OH&S records among all industrial segments with an unacceptably high level of injuries and fatalities resulting in considerable human suffering. A doctoral study was recently conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness and performance of the DoL OH&S Inspectorate in South Africa. The empirical study was conducted among a range of stakeholders: civil engineering and building contractors; OH&S consultants; project managers; DoL inspectors; and designers by means of a questionnaire survey. The methodology adopted in this study included the exploratory and descriptive methods, which entails the technique of observation including the use of questionnaires and data analysis. The salient findings of the study are presented and elucidate that the DoL OH&S Inspectorate is not effective in terms of OH&S relative to the construction industry in South Africa. Conclusions and recommendations included expound that the DoL OH&S Inspectorate is not effectively conducting their duties reinforcing the need for a reviewed OH&S Inspectorate model framework. The proposed structured normative model consists of fundamental elements which would improve the effectiveness of the DoL OH&S Inspectorate. The findings of the study with recommendations are included.
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Arafah, Alaa Mohammad. "What constructs are represented in multiple sclerosis specific health-related quality of life measures?" Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=32265.
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ABSTRACT Health-related quality of life (HRQL) is becoming a common outcome for many medical and rehabilitative studies. This is specifically true for multiple sclerosis (MS), one of the most common chronic neurological condition affecting young adults. As MS results in severe consequences, its management depends on careful assessment of the outcome of interest. Measures of HRQL should represent all domains of HRQL and should be based on a theoretical frame of reference. The main objective of this content analysis study is to estimate the extent to which items in the MS-specific HRQL measures capture all domains of HRQL, using the International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health (ICF) and the Wilson-Cleary models as frames of reference. Items of 10 HRQL measures were linked to the ICF by a pool of 25 health professionals using a standardized procedure. Among the 550 items that were mapped, 44% represented symptoms, 34% represented functioning and 35% represented concepts of general health perception and satisfaction with quality of life. Only 6% of the items targeted environmental factors. Measures differed not only in the degree of representing the different components of HRQL but also in the ways of ascertaining a single construct, fatigue, one of the most distressing MS symptom.ABRÉGÉ La qualité de vie reliée à la santé (QRVS) devient de plus en plus l'objectif principal des recherches en réadaptation et en médicine. Les études portant sur la sclérose en plaque (SP) visent particulièrement des résultats pouvant améliorer la qualité de vie des personnes. En effet, la sclérose en plaque (SP) est une condition neurologique chronique qui affecte principalement de jeunes adultes. Cette maladie résulte en de sévères symptômes. Une meilleure compréhension de la gestion de ces symptômes dépend principalement de la précaution et de la précision des évaluations. Les mesures de qualité de vie reliée à la santé (QRVS) devraient représenter tous les domaines de ce qu'est la QRVS. De plus, ces mesures devraient se référer à un modèle théorique définit. L'objectif principal de cette étude est d'estimer à quel point les mesures évaluant la qualité de vie reliées à la santé (QVRS) utilisées pour la sclérose en plaque permettent de saisir l'entièreté des domaines de la QVRS. Chaque item de ces mesures sera analysé en utilisant comme référence le modèle Classification internationale du fonctionnement, du handicap et de la santé (CIF) et le modèle Wilson-Cleary. Selon une méthodologie standardisée, vingt-cinq professionnels de la santé ont reliés au modèle ICF les items de 10 questionnaires évaluant la QVRS. Parmi ces 550 items, 44% représentaient des symptômes, 34% représentaient le niveau de fonctionnement, 35% portaient sur la conception de la santé et la satisfaction par rapport à la vie. Seuls 6% portaient sur des facteurs environnementaux. Les différents aspects de la QVRS étaient représent
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Barros, Nirmalla. "Predictability of radon airborne measurements based on surrogate measures." Diss., University of Iowa, 2012. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/4570.
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This research focuses on the evaluation of temporal and spatial variability associated with radon airborne measurements and the predictive utility of surrogate measures to estimate radon concentrations within the same environment as well as in other environments. This dissertation consists of three components.
In Chapter II, "Evaluation of agreement of time-integrated basement residential radon measurements and correctness of further radon testing indicators", we investigated the temporal variability between short-term and annual residential radon measurements collected on the lowest livable level and identified housing/occupant factors that influenced each measurement as well as their differences. The false negative rate of how often the short-term test incorrectly indicated that further radon testing was unnecessary based on an annual measurement was 12 percent at the action level of 148 Bq m-3, but dropped to two percent at a 74 Bq m-3 reference level. The foundation wall material of the basement was the only significant factor to have an impact on the absolute difference between both measurements. This study has the potential to significantly influence public health policy concerning radon testing protocols, specifically the need to re-assess the EPA's current radon mitigation guidance level of 148 Bq m-3.
In Chapter III, "Temporal and spatial variation associated with residential airborne radon measurements", we investigated the temporal and spatial variability between basement winter short-term and annual radon measurements performed in upper floors (i.e., non-basement) of the home and identified housing/occupant factors that influenced each measurement as well as their differences. This study found that individuals would be falsely overestimating their potential exposure to radon half the time at the EPA's action level of 148 Bq m-3 based on basement short-term tests and much more frequently (80 percent of the time) at a lower reference level of 74 Bq m-3. The presence of a sump was the only factor that was significantly associated with the absolute difference between both these measurements. This study has the potential to influence public health policy in regard to exposure surrogate measures, specifically to encourage testing of radon in living areas of the home and not relying solely on a screening measurement to estimate the concentration of radon in the entire home.
In Chapter IV, "Comparative survey of outdoor, residential, and workplace radon concentrations", we investigated occupational radon concentrations in above ground workplaces in Missouri and compared them to above ground radon concentrations in nearby homes and outdoor locations and evaluated the utility of above ground annual home and outdoor concentrations to predict above ground radon concentrations at a nearby workplace. Employees at county agencies, schools, and businesses were recruited to participate in the study. Annual above ground workplace radon concentrations were found to be similar to annual radon concentrations in the upper floor of homes. Annual non-basement first floor home and outdoor radon concentrations were poor predictors of annual above ground radon concentrations at a nearby workplace. This study provides insights into the potential for above-ground radon exposures in the workplace and the potential agreement between workplace and residential radon concentrations.
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Söderberg, Elsy. "Sickness benefits and measures promoting return to work : perspectives of different actors /." Linköping : Dept. of Health and Society, Univ, 2005. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2005/med904s.pdf.
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Chu, Chun-wah, and 朱振華. "A study of the occupational safety and health in the construction industry in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31965817.
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Monahan, Genevieve Louise. "Cultural knowledge of women in the construction industry related to occupational health and safety." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276752.
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The following study identifies and describes the cultural knowledge of women working in the construction industry regarding occupational health and safety. Data was gathered on 6 female construction workers, using the techniques of participant observation and the ethnographic interview. Results of the field observation and the interviews revealed that the women had a high level of knowledge of many work place hazards. They were also aware of kinds of accidents and injuries and a number of ways of cutting down on the hazards. Less was known about chronic, progressive, as opposed to acute injury. Despite their belief that most accidents were preventable, the women described a variety of reasons for not taking precautions. The major reasons given involved peer pressure and lack of time.
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Vishvakarman, Devasenapathy. "Occupational exposure to ultraviolet radiation in Central Queensland." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1999.
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Jeyaretnam, Joseph S. "Occupational hazards and radiation safety in veterinary practice including zoo veterinary practice in Australia." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2003. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1306.
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This thesis contains reviews and research on the occupational hazards of zoo veterinary practitioners in Australia. Although occupational hazards have long been recognised in the veterinary profession, little information is available on the number and magnitude of injuries to veterinarians in Australia, the United Kingdom or the United States. Apart from anecdotal accounts and some limited data, most of the available information is on occupational zoonoses, generally well recognized by veterinarians. Other occupational hazards to which veterinarians are exposed have received scant attention. The veterinary practitioner in a zoo environment has to treat a range of captive wild species which are much more unpredictable and dangerous than domesticated animals. A comprehensive study on occupational hazards sustained by veterinarians in zoological gardens has not been undertaken in Australia. Only one study had been undertaken in the US amongst zoo veterinarians, while comprehensive may not be able to be transposed to zoos in Australia as the species held in Australian zoos differ from those in the US. Personal communication with some senior veterinarians in the zoological gardens in Australia, have elicited further information on the prevalence of occupational hazards sustained by the zoo and wildlife park veterinarians. The prevalence of physical hazards including radiation, chemical and biological hazards reported by veterinary practitioners and the author's own experience as a veterinary practitioner, chairman of the safety committee, member of the animal ethics committee and manager, research In the zoological gardens in Perth, Western Australia have demonstrated a need for a comprehensive study on occupational hazards prevalent among zoo veterinarians. To investigate the occupational hazards including radiological hazards amongst zoo veterinarians in Australia, a self-administered 14-page comprehensive questionnaire comprising 58 questions was mailed to 27 practising zoo veterinarians in Australia. The questionnaire focused on physical injuries, chemical exposures, allergic and irritant reactions, biological exposures, radiological hazards including problems encountered with x-ray machines, use of protective gear and ancillary equipment for radiography, personnel involved in x-ray procedures and in restraining animals, compliance with the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Code of Practice (1982), Radiation Safety Regulations (1988) and National Standard for Limiting Occupational Exposure to Ionising Radiation (1995) The result of the study revealed that 60% of the participants sustained physical injuries such as crushes, bites and scratches inflicted by a range of species with some Injuries requiring medical treatment. Also, 50% of the participants suffered from back injuries while 15% reported fractures, kicks, bites necessitating hospitalization. Ninety percent of the participants sustained needlestick injuries ranging from one to 16+ times. Other significant findings include: necropsy injuries, animal allergies, formaldehyde exposure, musculoskeletal Injuries and zoonotic infections. The survey also identified that veterinary practitioners and their staff were exposed to radiation by not complying with the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Australian Code of Practice for the Safe Use of Ionising Radiation (1982) which has been framed to minimize exposure to ionising radiation. The majority of the veterinarians in the study group indicated that radiation exposure Is a major occupational hazard to the veterinary profession. Subsequent to the review and research, discussions were held with few senior zoo veterinarians, the Registrar of the Veterinary Surgeons Board and a number of practising senior veterinarians In Australia to collect information on occupational hazards. Additional information was obtained on occupational injuries sustained by the zoo veterinarians through formal discussions with the Director and the two senior veterinarians In the zoological gardens in Sri Lanka. The discussions with the veterinary practitioners in government and private practice revealed that veterinarians experienced a range of occupational hazards including exposure to rabies. Discussions with the dean and the professor of the animal science department focused on the nature of injuries and preventive strategies. In order to obtain information on occupational hazards in the health care industry, the professor of anatomy of the faculty of medicine and a senior surgeon in Sri Lanka were interviewed. This study identified that the zoo veterinarians are routinely exposed to a wide range of occupational hazards. The literature review among veterinary practitioners In US, UK, Australia and Canada have also identified numerous occupational hazards sustained by the veterinarians. The discussions held in Sri Lanka with the professionals in veterinary and health care industry showed that occupational injuries have been common amongst them and they do not have appropriate preventive guidelines in place. This thesis has incorporated recommendations in the form of preventive strategies for minimizing occupational hazards among veterinary practitioners both in zoological gardens and veterinary practices In Australia and in the developed and developing countries.
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Custer, Melba G. "DEVELOPING A MODEL OF CLIENT SATISFACTION WITH A REHABILITATION CONTINUUM OF CARE." UKnowledge, 2012. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/rehabsci_etds/7.
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Client satisfaction is an important outcome indicator because it measures multiple domains of the quality of healthcare and rehabilitation service delivery. It is especially important in occupational therapy because it is also client-centered. There are multiple domains of satisfaction and findings described in previous research; however, there is no single standard of measuring client satisfaction or any single working model describing the relationship among variables influencing satisfaction. This research was designed to apply a measure of satisfaction in rehabilitation and to develop a working model of satisfaction.
This study was an exploratory and predictive study using a large existing dataset to test a working logic model of client satisfaction, determine the best predictors of satisfaction, and then to revise the model for future research. After developing the Satisfaction with a Continuum of Care (SCC) in a pilot study, the SCC was completed by 1104 clients from a large Midwest rehabilitation hospital. The SCC results were paired with administrative data with client demographics, functional status, and measures of the` rehabilitation process. Six research questions on the predictors of satisfaction with client-centeredness and clinical quality were answered using logistic regression.
Significant predictors of satisfaction were having a neurological disorder, total rehabilitation hours, and admission to rehabilitation within 15 days of onset. The most robust and consistent predictors of satisfaction in this study were aspects of functional status as measured by the Functional Independence Measure especially improvement in overall and self-care functioning.
The results in the study were consistent with some previous research and inconsistent with others. The finding that improvements in functional status were highly predictive of satisfaction supports the worth that clients place on rehabilitation results including the self-care improvements focused on by occupational therapy.
This study was a partnership involving occupational therapy and a rehabilitation hospital. The finding that changes in self-care function were predictive of satisfaction was intended to isolate the effects of OT. There is a need to demonstrate outcomes and link these to occupational therapy and other rehabilitation disciplines to continue to identify best practices and contribute to the rehabilitation literature.
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Bakand, Shahnaz Safety Science Faculty of Science UNSW. "Development of in vitro methods for toxicity assessment of workplace air contaminants." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Safety Science, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/24246.
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Exposure to air contaminants is significantly associated with both short-term and long-term health effects. However, the precise mechanisms that derive such effects are not always understood. While an extensive background database from in vivo toxicological studies have been developed, most toxicity data is from oral and dermal chemical exposures rather than inhalation exposure. There is a need to explore new alternative approaches to provide toxicity information particularly on this technically demanding area. This research explores the potential of in vitro methods for toxicity assessment of workplace air contaminants. A tiered approach for in vitro toxicity testing of workplace contaminants was designed in which appropriate air sampling and exposure techniques were developed. A diversified battery of in vitro assays including the MTS (tetrazolium salt, Promega), NRU (neutral red uptake, Sigma) and ATP (adenosine triphosphate, Promega) and a multiple human cell system including: A549- lung derived cells; HepG2-liver derived cells, and skin fibroblasts were used. Primarily the application and merits of in vitro methods for prediction of toxicity of selected workplace contaminants including Ammonium hydroxide, Cadmium chloride, Cobalt chloride, Formaldehyde, Glutaraldehyde, Manganese chloride, Mercuric chloride, Sodium dichromate, Sulphureous acid and Zinc chloride was confirmed. To study the toxicity of airborne contaminants an indirect exposure method was established using air sampling techniques followed by static and dynamic direct exposure methods by culturing cells on porous membranes to reveal representative data relating to human airborne exposures. The static method enabled the measurement of an airborne IC50 (50% inhibitory concentration) value for selected volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including: Xylene (IC50 = 5,350-8,200 ppm) and Toluene (IC50 = 10,500- 16,600 ppm) after 1 hr exposure. By implementing the dynamic method, airborne IC50 values were calculated for gaseous contaminants including: NO2 (IC50 = 11 ?? 3.54 ppm; NRU), SO2 (IC50 = 48 ?? 2.83 ppm; ATP) and NH3 (IC50 = 199 ?? 1.41 ppm; MTS). A higher sensitivity of in vitro methods was observed compared to in vivo published data. A range of in vitro bioassays in conjunction with exposure techniques developed in this thesis may provide an advanced technology for a comprehensive risk assessment of workplace air contaminants.
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Burns, Calvin George. "The role of trust in safety culture." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2004. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=165707.
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A deficient safety culture has been implicated in a number of organisational accidents from a range of high hazard industries. Despite its implications for safety, many questions about safety culture remain unanswered. In order to contribute to the literature on this topic, this thesis set out to investigate the role of trust in safety culture. The oil and gas industry was chosen as the context for study due to the hazardous nature of its work, the industry’s focus on continuous improvement in safety performance and the interest shown by oil companies in participating in safety research. Leading models of safety culture have stressed the importance of trust in developing and maintaining patterns of safe behaviours at work. This thesis proposed a new model of safety culture based on dual attitudes about trust. This model states that explicit attitudes about trust are part of safety climate and that implicit attitudes about trust comprise some of the basic underlying assumptions that are the deepest level of safety culture. In order to test this model, this thesis developed a method to measure implicit attitudes about trust in an industrial setting. Using this method, two studies of dual attitudes about trust were conducted at different UK gas plants. In both of these studies, different patterns of results were found for measures of explicit and implicit attitudes about trust for workmates, supervisors and the plant leadership, respectively. These findings support the proposed model suggest that explicit and implicit attitudes about trust are separate constructs that may influence different types of safety behaviours. Positive relationships were found between measures of explicit attitudes about trust and self-report items about safety behaviours like reporting incidents and challenging unsafe acts. These findings were taken as a step toward validating the proposed model.
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Wong, Kai-chung Eric. "The role of inspectors as middle manager in the implementation of the occupational safety and health policy in the Hong Kong Police Force." Thesis, View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31363362.
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Bahn, Susanne T. "Producing safety : exploring occupational health and safety values in action within the WA civil construction industry." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2008. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/221.
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This thesis explores working and learning practices in the context of safety within the Civil Construction Industry (CC Industry) of Western Australia (WA) and specifically focuses on the relations between organisational safety values and current working practices, primarily focusing on the instrumental power of managers in organisations to produce safety. The thesis examines the values in action that permeate the workplace culture and mediate the daily practices of people working in this industry, and ultimately how they impact upon the minds and bodies of employees. The study provides insight into the working practices and discourses within this industry by exploring the space between rhetoric and reality. specifically in terms of managing actions. Patterns in the data illuminate particular relations between values and practices that can mediate improved regimes of occupational, safety and health (OS&H) practices within organisations in the CC Industry. This study was supported by the Civil Contractors Federation WA (CCF) enabling high-level access and reciprocal practical outcomes for the CC Industry.
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Roberts, Charlene M. "Relationships among admission variables, professional education outcome measures, and job performance of University of Missouri physical therapy graduates /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1996. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9737870.
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Shirangi, Adeleh. "Occupational hazards in veterinary practice and possible effects on reproductive outcomes in female veterinarians." University of Western Australia. School of Population Health, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0087.
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[Truncated abstract] Veterinarians have considerable potential for exposure to several known reproductive hazards such as radiation, anaesthetic gases, pesticides, long working hours and occupational stress. Reproductive effects are a concern to female veterinarians, especially now that about 65% of graduates from Australian veterinary science schools are female. In the last two decades, there have been reports on the possible associations between occupational exposures and adverse reproductive outcomes in female veterinarians, but most of them have been equivocal and the whole area remains controversial. More evidence is needed before firm conclusions can be drawn. The Health Risks of Australian Veterinarians project (HRAV) was conducted as a questionnaire-based survey of all graduates from Australian veterinary schools during the 40-year period 1960-2000. Of 5,748 eligible veterinarians who were sent the questionnaires (73% of the whole cohort), 2,800 replied including 1,197 females (42.8%). Among women veterinarians eligible to participate, 59% participated . . . Identification of these associations may provide the opportunity for preventing harmful exposures and thus reduce the risk of any adverse reproductive outcomes not only for veterinarians, but also for other groups exposed to these risks such as veterinary nurses, animal laboratory technicians, anaesthetists, dentists, dental assistants, and other similar professional groups. The author of this thesis, having completely addressed the research objectives of her doctoral candidacy, has set out and acted on a future research agenda designed to explore the association between perceived occupational stress and pregnancy outcomes and infertility in Australian female veterinarians.
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Esau, Charlene Alicia Gladys. "Prevention and management of occupational injuries at selected higher eduction institution in the Western Cape, South Africa." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1543.
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Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree
Master of Technology Occupational Health Nursing in the Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology
2015Purpose of study: The purpose of this study was to explore the injury on duty prevention and management strategies that are currently used in different higher education settings. The study intended to shed light on specific areas of policy and practice discrepancies related to the disjuncture between employee interactions, regulated directives and organizational goals. Aims and objectives: One of the aims was to determine the types of work-related injuries that occur in HEI’s by verifying the injuries reported on Employers Reports of an Accident. A second aim was to examine strategies that have been put in place to prevent injuries in the workplace by reviewing policies and procedures related to injury prevention. The final aim was to examine systems in-place to manage occupational injuries by looking at staff health or employee wellness service flow charts or models used at the HEIs. Population and sample: Permanently employed personnel at two HEI’s in the Western Cape were participants in a multiple case study. The sample units consisted of health and safety representatives, human resources, maintenance personnel, estates and custodial, traffic services and departmental managers. Methodology: This study applied a mixed-method using a multiple case study design as an approach to the enquiry. Methods of data collection: Documents, questionnaires, and semi-structured interviews were be used to obtain data to answer the research questions. Process of analysis: Qualitative and quantitative themes will be analysed in a matrix. The three data sources were triangulated to validate the findings. Benefits of the study: Injury prevention benefits the employer and employee in many ways, including increased employee performance leading to increased productivity as well as cost savings. Main findings: Injuries that were reported are mostly musculoskeletal injuries; however other types of injuries may not be reported due to under reporting of injuries being common in this setting. Health and safety training and knowledge sharing was not well supported and injury prevention strategies were not optimized. The application of health and safety policies and procedures were not adequately communicated, enforced or monitored. Staff health and employee wellness strategies operate independently and do not facilitate a coordinated response to manage occupational injuries in this setting. Lack of monitoring, organizational support, training and knowledge sharing and communication were the four main challenges to injury prevention management systems. Conclusions: The implementation of an effective injury prevention and management programme could benefit the organization and translate into increased operational value (organizational quality). Key words: Higher Education Institutions, Occupational Injury prevention, Management of occupational injury.
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Raphela, Selepeng France. "Occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields in the heavy engineering CO2 welding industry in the Mangaung Metropolitan municipality." Thesis, Bloemfontein : Central University of Technology, Free State, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/181.
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Thesis (D. Tech. (Environmental Health)) -- Central University of technology, Free State, 2013Some epidemiological studies suggest that exposure to high levels of electromagnetic fields (EMFs) may be linked with the development of adverse health effects. However there is still controversy on this matter. Due to rapid technological growth in the modern society, employees in the welding and electrical industries are highly exposed to electromagnetic fields and may be at a high risk for developing occupational diseases. The health effects which may result from exposure to electromagnetic fields are related to the strength and frequency of the fields. This study was conducted to (i) assess the exposure levels to EMFs in the welding industry, (ii) determine the possible health risks associated with exposure levels, and (iii) develop a health and safety model to guide the industry on how to reduce exposure to EMFs. The study was conducted in one mega welding company in the Mangaung Metropolitan Municipality. Welders, fitters and office workers (88 in total) gave consent to participate in the study and completed questionnaires (ethical clearance attached). Measurements of extremely low frequency EMFs were taken in workshop A, workshop B and working offices. Measurements for magnetic fields were taken at distances of 1, 2 and 3 meters (m) from the EMFs sources. The exposure levels of magnetic fields were very high in the workshops, with welders and fitters exposed to about 7.6 microtesla (μT). Electric fields were relatively low in all workstations. Participants in the study were experiencing symptoms of ill health such as headaches, sleep disorders, fatigue and distress. The symptoms reported by the workers were similar in the both groups (exposed and control). There is no clear relationship between recorded exposure levels and the development of the reported symptoms. The health and safety model was developed to guide the industry to reduce exposure to electromagnetic fields. The model describes the implementation of engineering and administrative control measures in an effort to reduce exposure to EMFs. The model also highlights the importance of wearing personal protective equipment to shield against EMFs amongst others. This study suggests that occupational exposure to high levels of extremely low frequency EMFs may increase the risk for development of chronic diseases such as leukaemia, brain and breast cancer and other diseases among highly exposed employees. Implementation of safety measures is necessary to reduce exposure to EMFs.
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Dunlea, Valmae J. "Occupational health and safety issues for small business in the Australian hospitality industry : a communication analysis." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2001. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36784/7/36784_Digitised%20Thesis.pdf.
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Williams, Richard Earl. "Holland's Self-Directed Search: A Measure of Interests of Abilities?" Thesis, North Texas State University, 1985. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc501104/.
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This study examined the relationship between the sub-components of Holland's Self-Directed Search and independent, objective measures of ability using a comprehensive battery of well-validated tests of primary abilities corresponding to each of Holland's six vocational interest types. The sample consisted of 149 female undergraduate students, ages 18-25. Correlation of the ability measure test scores with the four Self-Directed Search subcomponents revealed that the subtests were not related to corresponding measures of ability in a consistent fashion. Implications for the use of the Self-Directed Search in assessing abilities are discussed along with suggestions for future research investigating the relationhip between interest in ventories and the measurement of primary abilities.
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Dutt, Mohini. "Developing Models to Study Relationships between Tibial Acceleration Measures and Lower Extremity Musculoskeletal Disorder Symptoms Experienced by Distribution Center Workers." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1452236782.
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Robinson, Carrie Helene. "Examination of the relationship of work values to the "Big-Five" personality traits and measures of individualism and collectivism." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1185569363.
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Chesson, Barry. "In pursuit of best practice : Benchmarking tools and processes for the management of hazardous substances in the workplace." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2003. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1300.
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Many organisations now strive to achieve excellence in various aspects of occupational health and safety. Benchmarking of the techniques and approaches of other organisations is becoming a popular way of bridging gaps and seeking to achieve high levels of performance. There exist many sources of guidance in the form of external and internal standards, regulations, codes of practice, publications by professional institutions and similar. However, there are clear shortfalls in terms of tools and processes needed to identify areas of opportunity and to overcome barriers to the efficient transfer of ideas and techniques from one enterprise to another. This is true for all organisations, but particularly so for small/medium sized facilities with limited resources and expertise. This study has sought to develop and test new tools and processes to make benchmarking activity and the transfer of technology, ideas and approaches more efficient and meaningful. It has drawn heavily from state-of-the-art management theory and has sought to establish the linkage between the people factor, the workplace environment factor and the organisation of work factor as they contribute to workplace health and safety performance. It has used qualitative inquiry methodologies and an approach based on personal contact and insight, as expressed by Patton (1990, p. 46), to generate data. The fieldwork component of the study was conducted at eight mining, mineral processing and related industry sites within Western Australia. The subject of the study was the facility's processes and practices in regard to the management of hazardous materials. This was chosen partly because chemical-induced injury and disease remain a significant problem for workers in industry (Winder, 1999b, p. 168) and partly because of its complexity and degree of difficulty. Data collection was based on the three qualitative inquiry methods, namely in-depth, open-ended interviews with the Site Manager and the Site Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) Professional, direct observation and review of written documents. Also tested was the assumption that if the materials developed during the study can be applied successfully in the area of hazardous materials, then other less complex areas under the OHS umbrella could be approached with confidence. There is potential for the tools and processes developed and evaluated in this work to be used widely in the transfer of best practice, that is, to be deployed beyond the hazardous substances focus of this study and beyond the Mining Industry of Western Australia. Study outcomes and the new materials that have been generated will assist with the selection of benchmarking partners and will help to identify "pockets of excellence" for focused attention. This will encourage and assist organisations to take steps towards identifying and implementing Industry best practice in the element of interest. There is potential for study outcomes to impact positively on OHS practices within many organisations - and thereby to reduce the personal and societal cost of injury and illness outcomes associated with the use of hazardous materials at work.
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Essop, Ziyaad Hoosain. "Occupational blood and body fluid exposure incidents amongst undergraduate medical students over a period of 5 years." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85715.
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Thesis (MMed (Occupational Medicine))--Stellenbosch University, 2013.Introduction Exposure incidents involving blood and body fluids represent a major hazard for medical undergraduates. Every medical teaching university experiences the problem of undergraduate medical students sustaining such incidents. Although Post Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) is readily available and accessible to medical undergraduates following an incident, continuity and quality of care extends beyond the provision of PEP. This includes follow up consultations after receiving PEP according to protocol. Study Design This study was performed at the Tygerberg Campus of Stellenbosch University in Cape Town, South Africa to assess compliance with follow up consultations following an exposure incident. The study base consisted of all the medical undergraduates who reported an exposure incident at the Campus Health clinic. Cases were defined as medical undergraduate students of Stellenbosch University who had reported an exposure incident between January 2007 and December 2011. They were identified using the clinic database and records. Influential factors associated with the exposure incident, including compliance regarding follow up consultations were obtained from standardised reporting forms and medical records. The data was analysed in 2 sections, a cross sectional component (descriptive and analytical) and a retrospective cohort component. Two student cohorts were retrospectively followed from the beginning of their 3rd year to the end of their medical curriculum (6th year). Results There were 280 exposure incidents reported in the study period, of which 174 were low risk and were 106 high risk incidents for which PEP was prescribed (37.86% used PEP). For those who had high risk exposures, 90.57% (n=96) attended the 6-week follow up consultation, 48.11% (n=51) attended the 3 month visit and 34.91% (n=37) attended the 6 month follow up visit. There was an increase in the number of exposure incidents from 2010 (n=43) to 2011 (n=76). Internal medicine accounted for the most number of incidents (n=68), followed by Surgery (n=51), Obstetrics and Gynaecology (n=44), and Paediatrics (n=42). Drawing blood was the most common reported activity associated with exposures. Of notable importance was recapping, disposing of needles and insertion of blood into sample tubes. These activities accounted for 63 of the 280 exposure incidents. The 4th year students were the least at risk for exposure incidents compared to 3rd, 5th, 6th years. The annual average cumulative risk of having an exposure incident was found to be 5.7% (95%CI=4%-8%) and 6.8% (95%CI=5%-9%) amongst the 2 student cohorts over the duration of 4 years (clinical exposure time). Recommendations There is an urgent need for the number of exposure incidents to be reduced, e.g. needle recapping and disposal, and insertion of blood in sample tubes cause numerous preventable incidents. Various other strategies can be implemented in order to reduce the number of incidents across all undergraduate years of study. It is envisaged that by reducing the number of exposure incidents, there will be a subsequent decrease in the number of individuals requiring PEP. The importance of ensuring compliance with regard to follow up consultations needs to be emphasized. Factors that lead to noncompliance need to be investigated in a separate study.
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Martinovich, Tony. "Factors influencing the incidence rates of injuries and accidents among seafarers and rig workers providing support to the WA offshore oil and gas industry." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2013. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1084.
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The aim of this study was to identify, discuss and make recommendations regarding causal factors associated with injuries and accidents among seafarers and rig workers providing support to the WA offshore oil and gas industry. These incidents cause significant personal and economic burdens for employees, employers and the community in general.
A sample of 484 participants were recruited from a workforce of 9800 employees (approximately 5%). Participants were stratified into 2 cohorts; those who had suffered injury (286 – study group) and those who had not (198 - controls).
Data from the study group were stratified into oilrig workers and vessel seafarers. A one-way analysis of variance revealed that the injury incidence rate for the seafarers in the study group was significantly higher (mean 14.4 injuries) in the first quarter of each multi week work period ( "swing") (P=0.001), compared to means of 4.125 and 2.44 and 4 for the subsequent quarters. For the oil rig workers, the mean injury incidence rates across the four quarters remained similar.
It was recommended that a safety officer be assigned to each vessel to support workers for the 1st quarter of each swing. Implementation of this practice has been trialled in another study leading to a reduction in the number of incidents over a 12 month period (Brown, 2009). Other factors that influenced injury incidence rates were age and level of experience, with younger and less experienced workers being more injury prone. Encouraging older, experienced workers to mentor younger employees and to manage their workload according to their physical capabilities will be a useful intervention. The implementation of these recommendations will reduce the injury incidence rate of this unique cohort of employees thus reducing the economic burden of injuries and accidents to the employee, the employer and the community in general.
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Guros, Frankie. "Thinking About Work at Home: Implications for Safety at Work." PDXScholar, 2015. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2624.
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Safety at work is of the utmost importance to employees and the organizations they work for, and as such, it is a central issue for occupational health psychology. Although dramatic decreases in the number of worker injuries and fatalities have been observed over the last several decades, safety remains a principal concern for organizations. This is especially true in occupations in which employees face serious threats to their personal safety, such as correctional officers (COs). While a number of studies have identified workplace factors that contribute to worker safety, few have attempted to draw a link between employee nonwork experiences and safety at work. In the current study, a model was tested to examine whether the relationship between cognitive nonwork recovery experiences and safety performance at work was mediated by safety motivation. Specifically, the effort-recovery model (Meijman & Mulder, 1998) and the concept of self-regulatory resources (Muraven & Baumeister, 2000) were utilized to test these relationships. It was hypothesized that psychological detachment during nonwork time can replenish cognitive resources that employees need in order to feel motivated to be focused on safety in the workplace, and negative work reflection can drain these resources. Furthermore, drawing on Broaden-and-Build theory (Fredrickson, 1998) it was posited that positive work reflection during nonwork time would have a positive relationship with safety motivation. Additionally, it was hypothesized that the relationship between these cognitive recovery experiences and safety motivation would be moderated by individual perceptions of safety climate. The hypotheses were examined in a sample of COs (N = 166) from two correctional facilities in Oregon. The results overall did not provide strong empirical support for the model. No support was found for the role of psychological detachment or negative work reflection. Additionally, perceptions of safety climate did not moderate the relationship between cognitive recovery experiences and safety. However, positive work reflection during nonwork time was significantly associated with safety participation motivation, which in turn had a positive association with safety participation. Additionally analyses revealed that this relationship was reciprocal in nature when utilizing an additional sample four months after data collection, such that safety participation motivation and safety participation predicted positive work reflection. The findings from the current study build on the research between the work-life interface and safety at work, suggesting that positive nonwork experiences can potentially be related to discretional safety performance at work. Implications for practical applications and suggestions for future research are discussed.
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Dell, Geoff University of Ballarat. "The causes and prevention of airline baggage handler back injuries : safe designs required where behaviour and administrative solutions have had limited effect." University of Ballarat, 2007. http://archimedes.ballarat.edu.au:8080/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/12823.
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"Back injuries have consistently been the most common types of injuries suffered by people at work. They have been a significant worker injury problem in most, if not all, industrialised countries for many years and manual handling has long been established as a significant task related back injury causal factor.[...] This research project established that the manufacturers of the jet airlines used by the airlines in this study had not previously been acquainted with the issue of baggage handler back injuries.[...] This study also canvassed the opinion of airline safety professionals and airline baggage handlers concerning baggage handling tasks and working environment related causal factors. [...] A major focus of this research project was also to measure the effect of ACE and Sliding Carpet, two commercially available retro-fit baggage systems, on the risk of back injuries to baggage handlers stacking baggage within Boeing B737 narrow-body aircraft."Doctor of Philosophy
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Dell, Geoff. "The causes and prevention of airline baggage handler back injuries : safe designs required where behaviour and administrative solutions have had limited effect." University of Ballarat, 2007. http://archimedes.ballarat.edu.au:8080/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/14622.
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"Back injuries have consistently been the most common types of injuries suffered by people at work. They have been a significant worker injury problem in most, if not all, industrialised countries for many years and manual handling has long been established as a significant task related back injury causal factor.[...] This research project established that the manufacturers of the jet airlines used by the airlines in this study had not previously been acquainted with the issue of baggage handler back injuries.[...] This study also canvassed the opinion of airline safety professionals and airline baggage handlers concerning baggage handling tasks and working environment related causal factors. [...] A major focus of this research project was also to measure the effect of ACE and Sliding Carpet, two commercially available retro-fit baggage systems, on the risk of back injuries to baggage handlers stacking baggage within Boeing B737 narrow-body aircraft."Doctor of Philosophy
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Le, Fevre Mark. "Somatic and cognitive stress management techniques their effect on measures of stress and competency in managers : a thesis submitted to Auckland University of Technology in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), 2007 / Mark Le Fevre." Click here to access this resource online, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/374.
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Stress management interventions (SMIs) are increasingly used by organisations across both private and public settings. Such interventions are employed with the expectation that they will be effective in reducing levels of stress in participants and in turn, will provide a return to the organisation by way of increased productivity through performance improvements of those employees whose stress has been reduced. Despite the increasing popularity of SMIs, there exists a lack of evidence on whether they have any effect on the performance of users, and on the relative effectiveness of the components that often make up SMIs. Although the literature addressing SMIs and their effects is increasing, relatively few studies directly compare different techniques, and even fewer employ randomised controlled designs or follow-up measures. The assumed relationship between the reduction of stress and improvement of managerial performance does not appear to have been tested with a randomised controlled trial. The term “stress” as used in this study specifically denotes the concept of “distress” as defined by Selye (1956; 1987). To support this use of the term, the evolution of current terminology in the field of occupational stress is briefly discussed with specific reference to the development and influence in the wider literature of the Yerkes Dodson Law (Yerkes, 1909). The aims of this thesis were to (1) compare the relative effectiveness of two component techniques often used in SMIs (somatic and cognitive techniques) in the reduction of stress, and (2) to examine the effect of the use of these techniques on the performance of managers in their workplace. Study One was a randomised controlled trial assessing the effect of the use of somatic and cognitive stress management interventions on stress and performance in managers. Participants were 112 corporate managers who were randomly assigned to one of two intervention groups (somatic or cognitive technique training) or to a wait list control group. The intervention groups were trained in their respective techniques over a 4 week period in brief (20-30 minute) face-to-face workshop sessions. Participants were provided with recordings of the techniques to assist practice between training sessions. At baseline, stress was assessed using the Occupational Stress Inventory – Revised Edition (OSI-R, Osipow, 1998), and managerial performance was assessed with the Personal Qualities Competency from the Inventory of Management Competencies (IMC, Saville Holdsworth Ltd., 1993). In the case of the IMC, self, colleague, and subordinate assessments were used. On completion of the 4 week intervention, the OSI-R was readministered, and then at week 12 and week 24, follow-up assessments of stress and managerial performance took place. At the week 12 follow-up, MANOVA for the OSI-R showed no significant difference between the somatic and cognitive interventions in their effect on stress, although both interventions did reduce stress relative to the wait list control group, as measured by the OSI-R. A significant intervention effect was also shown (ηp2 = 0.089, p = 0.002) for the combined intervention groups (cognitive and somatic). MANOVA for the Personal Qualities Competency showed a significant intervention effect for the self (ηp2 = 0.077, p = 0.008) and colleague (ηp2 = 0.064, p = 0.013) assessments, and a no significant effect (ηp2 = 0.032, p = 0.063) for the subordinate assessment at the week 12 follow-up point. Unfortunately, withdrawal and attrition reduced the sample size below that required for analysis at the week 24 follow-up point. Study Two was designed as a follow-up qualitative study that aimed to gather information on participants’ perceptions of the effects of the interventions on their stress and performance, and of their reasons for completion or no completion of the SMI. In this study, 14 participants from Study One took part in semi-structured interviews after the final follow-up assessment (week 24) for that study. The interviews were structured to elicit responses concerning participants’ perceptions of the demands of their workplace and their stress, their experience of using the stress management techniques (including perceived benefits or behavioural changes from that use), their reasons for completion or no completion of the intervention, and their own definitions of stress. Several important findings emerged from this study. First, participants described their workplace as characterised by high pressure and demand with rapid change and a perceived lack of personal control. Second, participants who continued to use the techniques they had learned after the formal intervention was completed did so because they perceived personal benefits in terms of their ability to relax and in terms of their perceptions of workload and demand. For those who did not complete the intervention, the predominant reasons reported for no completion were workplace task demands, lack of top management commitment to an intervention of this nature, and lack of personal gain once the techniques had been learned. In relation to defining stress, participants did not have agreement, but rather reported definitions reflecting a multifaceted complex amalgam of physiological, psychological, and emotional aspects. Research such as this is important in terms of its contribution to the general field of occupational stress and its alleviation. It addresses a long-standing need to assess the relative effectiveness of some of the subcomponents commonly employed as part of more complex multifaceted approaches to SMIs, and the effect of the techniques on both stress and performance. This thesis makes several contributions to existing knowledge. First, this thesis clarifies the origin of the Yerkes Dodson Law and its relevance to current stress management thinking. In management texts distress has come to be regarded as too much stress or pressure. This is coupled with the idea that some stress has a positive impact on performance due to an earlier and erroneous interpretation of the Yerkes Dodson Law. Second, Study One provides evidence of the relative effectiveness of two different SMI components in the reduction of individuals’ occupational stress, as well as evidence for the effectiveness of individual focussed SMIs in the reduction of stress in corporate managers. Third, Study One provides evidence for a positive effect on managers’ performance consequent to their use of stress management techniques. This thesis also sheds light on managers’ definitions of stress, and their reasons for completion or no completion of SMIs. In summary, individual focussed (or secondary) SMIs have the potential to reduce stress and to improve performance in corporate managers as perceived by both the individual and others in the workplace.
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Wigrup, Ida, and Linn Warfving. "Metoder som arbetsterapeuter kan använda för att minska utmanande beteende : En scoping review." Thesis, Hälsohögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, HHJ, Avd. för rehabilitering, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-40071.
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Utmanande beteende kan ofta innebära aktivitetsinskränkningar för individer som lider av beteendet men även för omgivningen. Detta innebär färre möjligheter till aktivitet och delaktighet och riskerar att gå ut över livskvalitén. Idag saknas ett fokus för att utveckla arbetsterapeutiska metoder inom området och forskningen som finns är begränsad. Syftet med examensarbetet var att visa vilka arbetsterapeutiska metoder som beskrivs i litteraturen för att minska utmanande beteende. Studiedesignen som användes var scoping review. Databaserna som användes var AMED, CINAHL, MEDLINE och PsycINFO. Inklusionskriterier för artiklarna var att de var tillgängliga i fulltext, skrivna på engelska och publicerade mellan 2003 och 2018. Sökning resulterade i 124 träffar varav 13 var dubbletter. Resultatet inkluderade 20 artiklar som motsvarade syftet varav 13 var publicerade i USA. Resultatet visade en stor bredd av metoder som delades in i fyra nyckelområden: aktivitetsbaserade metoder, miljöbaserade metoder, sensoriska metoder samt stöd och strategier. Detta är ett relativt outforskat område där det finns stora möjligheter för arbetsterapeuter att bidra med sin kompetens.Challenging behaviour often results in occupational limitations for the individual that suffer from the behaviour, but also for their surroundings. This entails reduced possibilities to activity and participation which will affect their quality of life. There is a lack of focus on developing occupational therapeutic methods within this area today, also the current research within the field is limited. The aim of this bachelor thesis was to explore occupational therapeutic methods described in the literature to reduce challenging behaviour. Scoping review was used as study design. In AMED, CINAHL, MEDLINE and Psycinfo were 124 articles found, 13 of these were doublets. The result included 20 articles corresponding to the aim, 13 of these were published in USA. and 20 articles which corresponded to the aim was included in the results. All included articles were available in full text, written in english and published between 2003- 2018. A wide range of methods were shown in the results. These were categorized into four key issues: activity based methods, environmental methods, sensory methods and support and strategies. This field is relatively unexplored and there are large possibilities for occupational therapists to contribute with competence.
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Araujo, Rita de Cássia Seixas Sampaio. "O trabalho na aviação e as práticas de saúde sob o olhar do controlador de tráfego aéreo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2000. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6134/tde-09012007-162311/.
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Os profissionais do controle de tráfego aéreo desenvolvem uma função de importância para a sociedade. Neste sentido, realizou-se estudo com objetivo de analisar as representações sociais dos controladores de tráfego aéreo sobre sua saúde e sobre as práticas de saúde desenvolvidas pelo Sistema de Saúde da Aeronáutica, tendo em vista uma possível contribuição para a adoção de práticas de promoção e proteção da saúde e segurança da aviação. Desenvolveu-se um estudo qualitativo, utilizando-se a técnica do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo (DSC), por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, com 12 participantes do Controle de Aproximação da Área Terminal São Paulo. Foi possível caracterizar, em primeiro lugar, o funcionamento do Controle Tráfego Aéreo neste Terminal e, em segundo lugar, conhecer as representações sociais destes trabalhadores sobre o trabalho no Controle de Tráfego; a experiência com o risco no cotidiano do trabalho; as relações do controlador com a hierarquia militar; os rumos possíveis para o trabalho no controle de tráfego aéreo e das práticas de saúde destes trabalhadores. Pôde-se observar a existência de dificuldades em se produzir qualquer alteração de ordem sistêmica e administrativa. O aspecto da tecnologia aparece como relevante e, em muitas situações, as falhas no sistema são apontadas como geradoras de risco. No entanto, tornou-se evidente que o controle de tráfego aéreo é muito mais um problema social e institucional, uma vez que existem interesses diversos dos diferentes atores envolvidos: trabalhadores, aeronáutica, companhias aéreas e usuários. A incorporação do saber do trabalhador por meio da metodologia do DSC permitiu o acesso a uma cultura organizacional, qualitativamente diferente da coletividade matemática, e que deve ser conhecida antes de qualquer intervenção no campo da Saúde do Trabalhador.Air traffic controllers develop a real important activity for society. In this sense, the present study analyses the air traffic controllers social representations about their health and the health practices offered by the Aeronautic Health System, aiming at contributing for the decisions on adoption of practices for promoting and protecting aviation health and safety. This qualitative study, based on the Collective Subject Discourses (DSC), was carried out usure semi-structured interviews with 12 participants working at Approximation Control Area of São Paulo Terminal. The research allowed the characterisation of the work context and of the workers social representations about the work control, their experiences with daily risk, health conditions and practices, relationship with the military hierarchy and possible directions for the air traffic control. The study showed a great difficulty of implementing any system or administrative changes. Technology is a relevant aspect pointed as generating risk in many occurrences of system failure. Nevertheless, the air traffic control seems to be much more a social and institutional problem. There are several other different interests of the actors involved: workers, aeronautic, air companies and users. The DSC methodology allowed us to approach an organisational culture qualitatively different from other quantitative studies, and that should be known before any intervention in the work health field.
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Karle, Joseph Bernard. "No Half Measures Power Vacuums and Military Occupations." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/99309.
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This project analyzes the relationship between military occupations and power vacuums. Specifically, it seeks to understand why some military occupations result in power vacuums while others do not. Pundits and policymakers have written extensively about the possibilities that the end of US occupations might yield dangerous power vacuums. These vacuums would create regional turmoil by inviting hostile actors and causing state failure. Based on these assumptions, many commentators caution against the withdrawal of forces.
But what exactly is fearful about a power vacuum remains unclear. The concept of a power vacuum lacks defined parameters and scope, and why military occupations might lead to power vacuums is unknown. Much of the current analysis derives from familiar and recent cases of occupations of Iraq and Afghanistan. David Edelstein has the most comprehensive work on military occupations, but his work does not directly address the outcome of power vacuums. This project uses a mix multimethod research design to examine which factors cause power vacuums to emerge following occupations. It uses a comprehensive dataset of occupations since 1943. It will begin with a medium-n QCA and then proceed with case studies. The ultimate goal is to identify the conditions likely to lead to power vacuums and develop policy recommendations about how to avoid them.
This project theorizes that a high level of economic destruction inflicted by the occupying military is a necessary condition for the absence of a power vacuum in the occupied territory. Shortened, this project calls this theory total destruction equals total buy-in. High levels of economic destruction inflicted by the occupier pacify the occupied population, while simultaneously delegitimizing the occupied state's previous regime. High economic destruction, which is defined as the decline of a state's per-capita GDP and overall population, is not the sole factor in preventing a power vacuum. Combinations of other conditions help influence the advent or absence of a power vacuum, but economic destruction inflicted by the occupier is the only condition that must be present in order to prevent a power vacuum.Doctor of Philosophy
This project examines how, when, and why power vacuums emerge at the end of military occupations. Power vacuums evoke fear from pundits and policymakers, as hostile actors can exploit power vacuums to sow instability. Yet there remains no clear definition of what constitutes a power vacuums or substantive research on their etiology and impact. Policy discussions typically look to recent US experience in Iraq and Afghanistan to evaluate how the end of military engagement and occupation can create power vacuums. Thus risk of a power vacuum is often cited as justification to prolong military operations. To rectify this, this project will complete a replication and extension using David Edelstein's seminal dataset on military occupations. The dataset includes well-known cases such as the Allied occupations of Western Germany and Japan and lesser-known occupations like the Vietnamese occupation of Cambodia. Using a combination of within-case process tracing and Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA), the project seeks to elucidate what combination of conditions generate power vacuums following military occupations. The theory this project argues is that a high level of economic destruction inflicted by the occupying military is a necessary condition for the absence of a power vacuum in the occupied territory. The crux of this theory is that occupiers that engage in protracted conflict, inflicting widespread damage on a state before occupying it, are more likely to prevent a power vacuum from occurring. This widespread damage creates "breathing space" for the occupier to establish indigenous security forces (ISF) and a friendly government without having to worry about nationalist resistance from the occupied population.
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Morais, Aline Cristina de. "Terapia ocupacional e medidas socioeducativas em meio aberto : percepções e práticas." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/6870.
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The socio educational correctional services in open prison regimes are regulated by the National System of Socio Educational Support and by the Child and Adolescent Statute, and they aim for the social recovery of adolescents from 12 to 18 years old that have committed an infraction. In order to fulfill these services, it has to be taken into account the technicians, important actors in the way the work will be executed. This study aims on mapping the services of socio educational correctional measures in open prison regimes of the State of São Paulo in municipalities with populations of 100 thousand habitants and above, intending on distinguishing such services and its technical teams, as well as to calculate the amount of occupational therapists involved in them. Having past calculating the total number of these professionals, it has prioritized getting to know the practices and perceptions in regard of the role played by occupational therapists in socio educational correctional measures. In order to support the mapping, there have been used the data made available by the Coordination of Social Action of the State of São Paulo and the Regional Directorates of Social Support and Development. After possessing the reports of the 75 municipalities researched in the State of São Paulo with 100 thousand habitants or more, the coordinators of the services have been asked to answer a questionnaire to illustrate its environments and technical teams. Thus, through mapping, it has been possible to count eight active occupational therapists in the socio educational correction measures. These professionals have been individually interviewed in a single meeting, which, therefore, made possible to document their perceptions and practices in regard of the role played by occupational therapy in this field. It has been verified that, in the majority of the municipalities, these services have been done by the Centers of Specialized Reference on Social Support, which generate discussions about how is the best way of doing them. In regard of the technical actors, there is a predominance of psychologists and social workers within the teams, which goes against the ideal of multiprofessional teams intended by the field s legislations. In addition to that, these professionals have presented educational backgrounds directed to clinical areas. In consideration of that, the study points to the necessity of a perspective that is also directed to a broader dimension of the problems lived by these teenagers that are in conflict with the law, and are mostly originated by social reasons. The occupational therapists inserted in the referred socio educational corrective measures in open prison regimes experience situations that are similar to the ones lived by the other technical workers in general, including the contradiction in regard of the role played by them. In spite of not existing any particularity that is exclusive to this profession in these services, there have been verified that it brings very significant contributions, particularly in relation with its capacity of working amongst many knowledge areas, and in relation to its ability of coordinating groups, as well as being able to use activities as means of linking and intervening with the assisted population. It has also been verified a demand from the interviewed participants of discussing the socio educational measures and occupational therapy.
Os serviços de medidas socioeducativas em meio aberto são regulamentados pelo Sistema Nacional de Atendimento Socioeducativo e pelo Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente e são destinados à reintegração social do adolescente, considerado aquele com idade entre 12 e 18 anos, que tenha cometido ato infracional. Para a execução do referido trabalho têm-se os técnicos, atores importantes na forma em que este será realizado. O presente estudo objetivou mapear os serviços de medidas socioeducativas em meio aberto, do Estado de São Paulo, em municípios que apresentam a sua população acima de 100 mil habitantes, com o intuito de caracterizar tais serviços e suas equipes técnicas, bem como obter o total de terapeutas ocupacionais neles inseridos. A partir do total desses profissionais, visou-se caracterizá-los e conhecer suas práticas e percepções acerca do papel do terapeuta ocupacional nas medidas socioeducativas. Para a realização do mapeamento, contamos com os dados disponíveis na Coordenadoria de Ação Social do Estado de São Paulo e nas Diretorias Regionais de Assistência e Desenvolvimento Social. Em posse da listagem contendo os 75 municípios do Estado de São Paulo que apresentam sua população maior do que 100 mil habitantes e seus contatos, foi solicitado aos coordenadores dos serviços que respondessem a um questionário, que abordou sobre a caracterização dos locais e da equipe técnica. Por meio deste mapeamento, foi possível obter a totalidade de oito terapeutas ocupacionais atuantes nas medidas socioeducativas, as quais foram entrevistadas individualmente em um único encontro com cada, o que possibilitou registrar, assim, suas percepções e práticas acerca da atuação da terapia ocupacional neste campo. Foi verificado que, na maioria dos municípios, esses serviços têm sido executados pelos Centros de Referência Especializado em Assistência Social, o que engendra discussões neste campo sobre qual a melhor forma de fazê-lo. Quanto aos técnicos, há uma predominância de psicólogos e assistentes sociais nas equipes, em contrariedade à noção de equipe multiprofissional proposta pela legislação da área, sendo que tais profissionais têm apresentado formações voltadas para áreas clínicas, sob uma perspectiva mais centrada no indivíduo. Nesse sentido, aponta-se para a necessidade de uma perspectiva que esteja também direcionada a uma dimensão ampliada das problemáticas que vivenciam os adolescentes em conflito com a lei, as quais são, principalmente, de natureza social. As terapeutas ocupacionais inseridas nas medidas socioeducativas em meio aberto vivenciam situações que se equiparam às dos técnicos em geral, inclusive na contradição acerca dos papéis que desempenham. Apesar de não haver uma particularidade exclusiva dessa profissão nesses serviços, constatamos que ela traz contribuições bastante significativas, principalmente relacionadas à sua capacidade de transitar entre diversas áreas de conhecimento, à sua habilidade em coordenar grupos e ao uso de atividades como um elemento meio para vinculação e intervenção com a população atendida. Verificou-se também a presença de uma demanda, por parte das entrevistadas participantes, em discutir sobre as medidas socioeducativas e a terapia ocupacional.
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Kroes, Gabriel. "An investigation of safety syringes in the prevention of needlestick injuries." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52116.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2001.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Daily more than 300 000 health care workers in South Africa are to a lesser or greater extent exposed to the risk of deadly viruses which can be transferred through neediestick injuries. It is estimated that currently 9,8 million people in South Africa are HIV positive. This high incidence of HIV has a great impact on the danger of infection from neediestick injuries. It is estimated that 44 000 neediestick injuries takes place annually in South Africa. Despite such a high risk there are currently few safety regulations or official efforts to prevent or determine the true impact and incidence of needlesticks in South Africa. This study project investigated the number of neediestick injuries that could potentially be prevented by the use of needles with safety features and estimated the ranges of benefits and costs of using such safety devices. With the financial constraints that are imposed on South African hospitals, infection control through the use of safety syringes makes economic sense. Prevention of infections is clearly far cheaper than cure.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Daagliks word meer as 300 000 gesondheids personeel in Suid Afrika in 'n mindere of meerdere mate blootgestel aan die risiko van lewens gevaarlike viruse wat deur middel van naaldprik ongelukke oorgedra kan word. Hierdie risiko word spesifiek in Suid Afrika verhoog deur die hoë insidensie van HIV. Dit word beraam dat daar tans 9,8 miljoen mense in Suid Afrika is wat HIV positief is. Daar word beraam dat daar tans 44 000 naaldprik ongelukke per jaar in Suid Afrika plaasvind. Ten spyte van die hierdie hoë risko is daar tans min veiligheids regulasies of amptelike pogings om die omvang en voorkoming van naaldprik insidente te bepaal nie. Hierdie studie het die getal naaldprikke wat voorkom kan word deur die gebruik van veiligheids inspuitnaalde ondersoek en het die voordele en kostes van sulke veiligheidsmaatreëls beraam. Gegewe die finasiële druk wat ons tans in Suid Afrikaanse hospitale ondervind, is bewys dat die gebruik van veiligheids inspuitnaalde ekonomiese sin maak. Voorkoming op hierdie manier is bewys as 'n ver goedkoper opsie as nasorg.
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Schultz, Monica L. "Occupational well-being : the development of a theory and a measure." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/746.
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Gazica, Michele Wilk. "Unanswered Occupational Calling: The Development and Validation of a New Measure." Scholar Commons, 2013. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5220.
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There is a limited body of research that illuminates the various positive life-, health-, and work-related outcomes that an individual may experience through the pursuit of his or her occupational calling. An occupational calling is defined as an occupation that a person feels drawn to, finds intrinsically enjoyable and meaningful, and identifies as a central part of his or her identity. The extant literature on occupational callings, however, rarely considers the possible detrimental effects of having an occupational calling other than to explain unexpected study results. These unexpected study results hint at adverse psychological and job-related outcomes when an individual fails or does not have the ability to pursue an occupational calling, a concept this paper refers to as an "Unanswered Occupational Calling." An Unanswered Occupational Calling is specifically defined as an occupational calling that an individual perceives, but is not currently pursuing. Scholarly work is needed to explore the individual and organizational consequences of an individual's experience of an Unanswered Occupational Calling.
Consequently, the purpose of this research was twofold: (1) to develop and generate preliminary construct validity evidence for a newly developed Unanswered Occupational Calling instrument; and (2) to explore the nomological network of the Unanswered Occupational Calling construct. To that end, I conducted two studies, the first of which was required for initial scale construction. The central purpose of the second was to explore the nomological network of Unanswered Occupational Callings.
Overall, Study 1 and 2 supported the construct validity of the newly developed Unanswered Occupational Calling instrument. As expected, the Unanswered Occupational Calling instrument was shown to relate positively to intrinsic work motivation and negatively to work engagement, job involvement, career commitment, and answered occupational callings. Also as expected, those who more strongly endorsed an Unanswered Occupational Calling also tended to experience more physical symptoms, psychological distress, and withdrawal intentions and less job and life satisfaction. These results are consistent with previous research that suggested that there may be detrimental effects of perceiving, but not pursuing, an occupational calling.
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Nilsson, Josefine. "Veteransoldatutredningen : en granskning av dess förslag till förbättring i frågan om psykisk ohälsa." Thesis, Swedish National Defence College, Swedish National Defence College, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-150.
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14 juni 2007 beslutade regeringen att tillkalla en särskild utredare med uppdrag att utforma förslag till en svensk veteranpolitik, som skulle innefatta ansvaret för personalen före, under och efter internationella militära insatser. Utredningen, som tog namnet Veteransoldatutredningen, lämnade i oktober 2008 sitt slutbetänkande. Syftet med denna uppsats var att kritiskt granska utredningens förslag till förbättring i frågan om psykologisk ohälsa, stressprevention, inför insats och med utgångspunkt i litteraturen försöka förutsäga om förslaget skulle komma att ge effekt
Metodvalen i denna uppsats har utgjorts av kvalitativ textanalys samt deskription. Tyngdpunkten i essän ligger i att definiera stressreaktioner samt åtgärder för stressprevention. Därefter följer analysen för att kunna se om det finns en förankring i aktuell forskning, och mot slutet granskas om förslagen kommer att ge effekt.
I uppsatsen söktes svar på följande frågeställningar:
- Finns det en förankring i förslagen från Veteransoldatutredningen i aktuell forskning med inriktning på preventiva åtgärder?
- Är det rimligt att anta att med stöd av aktuell forskning att förslagen kan förebygga psykisk ohälsa efter internationell insats?
De viktigaste slutsatserna som har dragits från denna studie är:
Förslagen från veteransoldatutredningen finns till del förankrade i aktuell litteratur. De förslag som väntas kunna förebygga psykisk ohälsa efter internationell insats är som följer.
- En förbättrad och mer effektiv rekrytering genom större personlig kontakt medger en noggrannare rekrytering som gör att man får rätt människor, på rätt plats med godkända vitsord samt psykisk lämplighet och detta minskar i sin tur risken för stressreaktioner.
- Utökad och bättre information till allmänheten från den politiska ledningen och från Försvarsmakten om missioner minskar förhoppningsvis samhällets opposition genom att öka förståelsen för Försvarsmakten och dess uppgifter. Detta nedbringar i sin tur den kumulativa stress i soldatens vardag p g a externa stressorer från samhälle och media.
- Ytterligare utbildning i mänskliga rättigheter och krigets lagar bidrar till att skapa trygghet i vad soldater får - och inte får - göra. Genom dylik utbildning kan frustrationen, som uppstår då soldaterna inte vet hur de skall hantera specifika situationer, minskas.
This essay - Veteransoldatutredningen – a review of its proposals for improving the matter of mental ill-health – is written by cadet Josefine Nilsson. The aim is to study the Veteransoldatutredning’s suggestions for improvement when it comes to e.g. stress prevention and psychological ill-health ahead on an international mission.
The methods used are description and trial of a hypothesis. Through a study of the immediate literature and by analyzing the proposals, my conclusions are that an improved and more efficient recruitment allows for a more accurate recruitment; increased and better information to the public from the political body and from the Armed Forces will reduce external stress that the soldiers sometime feel, and also that additional education in human rights and the law of war contributes to create a security in what the soldiers can, and can not do.
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Kucharczyk, Erica. "The occupational impact of sleep quality." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2013. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/11336.
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While the importance of assessing the occupational consequences of insomnia and other sleep disorders is emphasised in clinical nosologies and research guidelines, there is little consensus on which aspects of occupational performance should be assessed, how such impairment should be measured, and how outcomes should be reported. The research programme described in this thesis aimed to address this issue. Chapter 1 presents a systematic review and methodical critique of studies reporting those aspects of occupational performance most impacted by (or most frequently associated with) insomnia symptoms and degraded sleep quality. Equivocal results, wide variations in reporting conventions, and the overall lack of comparability among studies, strongly indicated the need to develop a standardised metric able to quantify sleep related occupational performance and serve as an assessment and outcome instrument suitable for use in research and clinical settings. Informed by the literature review, Chapters 2-4 describe the development and validation of the Loughborough Occupational Impact of Sleep Scale ( LOISS ), a unidimensional 19 item questionnaire that captures sleep-related occupational impairment across a number of workplace domains over a 4-week reference period. Chapters 5-7 describe LOISS outcomes from: i) surveys in a random population sample; ii) a representative sample of the UK workforce; and iii) a clinical sample of patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (before and after treatment with CPAP). Overall, the scale showed strong internal consistency (Cronbach s alpha range=0.84-0.94) and test-retest reliability (r=0.77, r2=0.59, p<0.001), high levels of criterion validity (significantly discriminating between good and poor sleepers), and proved an effective outcome measure in OSA. From the survey data reported in Chapters 2-7, LOISS score distributions showed no consistent gender difference but did show a significant ageing gradient, with sleep-related occupational impairment declining with increasing age. In conclusion, the work presented here supports the usability, validity and reliability of the LOISS as an assessment and outcome instrument, and also demonstrates the utility of this instrument in exploring the dynamics of sleep-related occupational performance
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Shaw, Elizabeth. "Use of spot the difference puzzles as a measure of occupational safety orientation." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7648.
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Assessment of employee’s or job applicant’s occupational safety is typically limited to the use of self-report safety scales, and/or examining their accident history. The present study investigated whether a series of spot the difference puzzles could be used as a valid measure of an employee’s safety orientation. The validation of the spot the difference puzzle tool was conducted on a working sample from a construction company. The first task-required employees to complete a series of ten spot the difference puzzles containing five neutral and five safety differences. Measures of a number of safety constructs, and accident history ratings were then taken from both employees and their supervisors. Supervisors were to rate each of their employee’s on a series of the safety constructs and past accident frequencies, while employees completed these same measures using a self-report scale. Results from employee and supervisor safety measures were then correlated with scores from the spot the difference puzzles. The primary aim of the research was to validate the use of the spot the difference puzzles in measuring a job applicant’s safety orientation during recruitment. Forty employees, and four supervisors holding a range of construction based jobs participated in the study. Results confirmed that a subset of five of the puzzles produced significant relationships with measures of an employee’s safety knowledge, motivation and co-worker caring. In addition, results found that safety knowledge and motivation produced significant relationships with measures of employee accident history. With many current measures of safety being effected by biases, such as social desirability, memory recall and impression management, this subset of puzzles may provide organisations with an objective and unbiased tool to measure safety orientation during recruitment.
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Casteleijn, Jacoba Magdalena Francina. "Development of an outcome measure for occupational therapists in mental health care settings." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28019.
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It is the responsibility of professions to provide evidence of the demonstrable value and quality of service delivery. Occupational therapists in mental health care settings find it difficult to produce convincing evidence of the demonstrable value and their contribution to health care. Currently no effective outcome measure for occupational therapists in mental health practices exists for the South African context . The development of an outcomes measuring system is much needed in these crucial times of cost-cutting, rendering quality of care with the minimum resources and the quest for evidence of the effect of intervention. The purpose of this study was to fill the outcome measurement gap by developing a system that is clinically tested and user-friendly for occupational therapists in mental health care settings. Such a system had to represent the outcomes in the occupational therapy programmes, meet the needs of the therapist in terms of purpose of the tool, be easily administered and be standardised. It was also important that the outcome measure was grounded in the theoretical framework that guides intervention programmes, namely Vona du Toit’s Model of Creative Ability. This theoretical framework is widely used in South African mental health care settings and was found suitable to be transformed into a rating scale for the outcome measure. A participatory approach combined with a mixed method exploratory design, specifically the instrument development model, was selected to guide the study. The development of the outcome measure happened in three phases. Domains for the outcome measure emerged after participation from occupational therapy clinicians and mental health care users in Phase 1. The operationalisation of the domains and the development of the rating scale happened during Phase 2. The third phase was the piloting of the outcome measure to identify issues to be optimised for the final implementation of the outcome measure. Eight domains with 52 representative items emerged from Phase 1. The domains were Process skills, Communication and Interaction skills, Lifeskills, Role performance, Balanced lifestyle, Motivation, Self-esteem and Affect. Clinicians were satisfied that these domains represented the service that they deliver and compared well with the mental health care users’ need for occupational therapy. The involvement of mental health care users in confirming relevant domains for the outcome measure ensured a client-centred approach in the research process. The outcome measure, named as the Activity Participation Outcome Measure (APOM), has a unique feature of generating reports and spider graphs for every mental health care user. The APOM was piloted in three mental health care settings. In spite of good intentions from clinicians to apply the measure, it was clear that measuring outcomes is neither a priority, nor a routine task in clinical settings. The preliminary investigation into the psychometric properties yielded positive results. However, the sample sizes for the validity and reliability samples were not optimal and further data collection needs to continue for confirmation. It is recommended that investigations into the psychometric properties of the instrument continue to eventually market it as a valid and reliable outcome measure for occupational therapists in mental health care settings.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Occupational Therapy
unrestricted
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Haile, Yohannes. "Sustainable Value And Eco-Communal Management: Systemic Measures For The Outcome Of Renewable Energy Businesses In Developing, Emerging, And Developed Economies." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1459369970.
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Proctor, Susan P. "The influence of overtime on cognitive function as measured by neurobehavioral tests in an occupational setting." Thesis, Boston University, 1992. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/34664.
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Thesis (D.S.)--Boston UniversityPLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
This two year cohort study involved 248 workers within the automotive industry and explored the effects of two workplace factors, e.g. overtime and assembly-line work, on behavior and cognitive performance as measured by neurobehavioral tests. Review of the occupational epidemiology literature did not reveal any studies of the effects of cumulative fatigue, as a result of long work days due to overtime, on cognitive abilities or job performance. Overtime, defined as number of hours worked greater than 8 hours per day and/or greater than 5 days per week, was calculated from company payroll records. Subjects were categorized as working a machine-paced, assembly line job based on review of their work histories and characterization of their job codes. Cross-sectional analysis of Year 1 data by multiple linear regression demonstrated that overtime worked the week before testing was significantly associated with increased response times on tasks involving simple and complex attention and executive function and an attention-requiring task of basic verbal abilities. The findings from Year 1 support the hypothesis that overtime per week results in cumulative fatigue which affects cognitive performance in the specific functional domains of attention and executive function. Machine-paced work was significantly associated with impaired performance in the areas of attention and executive function, however no significant mood changes were observed. An increased number of errors on a task of complex attention and executive function, poorer performance on a visual memory task involving attention and new learning skills, and reduced percent correct on a computerized task of attention and motor skills and on an attention-requiring task of basic verbal abilities were observed. Machine-paced work did not significantly affect the observed effects of overtime. The results suggest a different response to the strain produced by machine-paced work than that observed with overtime. Machine-paced work was predictive of a faster response time with increased errors, whereas the fatigue effects of overtime resulted in a slower time to complete a task without a decrease in accuracy. Neither overtime nor machine-paced work was associated with performance on any test in Year 2. It was suspected that fewer subjects working increased overtime hours, loss-to-follow-up, and that two of the tests associated with overtime in Year 1 were not repeated in the Year 2 battery, contributed to the difference in the findings between the two years. Further study is recommended to evaluate the proposed hypotheses regarding the effects of overtime and machine-paced work on cognitive function and to investigate the strategic response difference between overtime and machine-paced work.
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Brown, Diane Peacock. "Occupational Therapy Academic Program Faculty Attitudes Toward Tenure as Measured by the Tenure Attitude Scale." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2002. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3265/.
Full textAbstract:
This study explored attitudes of occupational therapy faculty toward tenure and selected alternatives to tenure. A survey method was employed, and the Tenure Attitude Survey Instrument, (TASI), was created for use in the study. Additionally, a questionnaire sought information regarding respondents' rank, tenure and administrative status, institutional type, and years in academia. Participants were accredited occupational therapy professional program faculty who identified their primary work setting as "Academic" on the 2000-2001 American Occupational Therapy Association membership survey. Factor analysis of 577 surveys examined the structure of scores on the TASI, and the instrument consisted of 4 scales, and 18 items, as follows: Scale One: Attitude toward academic freedom and job security protection, 7 items; Scale Two: Attitude toward tenure in general, 6 items; Scale Three: Attitude toward stop-the-tenure clock provisions, 2 items; and Scale Four: Attitude toward post-tenure review, 3 items. Cronbach's alpha was conducted, as follows: TASI overall alpha = .7915; Scale 1 alpha = .7884; Scale 2 alpha = .8420; Scale 3 alpha = .7020; Scale 4 alpha = .4229. Proportional analysis showed that most respondents were full time faculty (88.1%); taught full time at public institutions (52.8%); were tenured or tenure-track (55.5%); had no administrative duties (70.5%); with a rank of instructor or lecturer (17.5%), or assistant professor (45.7%). Time in academia ranged from 1-40 years, with a mean of 11.27 years, median of 9.25 years, and mode of 4 years. Attitudes toward, and support for, the continuation of tenure and for selected proposed alternatives to tenure were analyzed according to the following: faculty rank, administrative status, and tenure status. Respondents held generally favorable attitudes toward tenure as measured by Scales 1 and 2 of the TASI, and the best predictors of faculty attitude toward tenure were tenure status and rank. Due to low reliability scores on Scales 3 and 4, no conclusions can be drawn regarding respondents' attitudes toward alternatives to tenure.