Journal articles on the topic 'Occupational exposure'
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Wiebert, Pernilla, Yiyi Xu, Milja Koponen, Sanni Uuksulainen4, Hilde Notø, Michelle Turner, Miguel Santibañez, et al. "157 Occupational chemical JEM development within the European Job-Exposure Matrix (EuroJEM), EU Exposome Project for Health and Occupational Research (EPHOR)." Annals of Work Exposures and Health 68, Supplement_1 (June 1, 2024): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxae035.066.
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Abstract Introduction A first version of a European Job-exposure matrix (EuroJEM) for chemicals and particles has been developed within the EU Exposome Project for Health and Occupational Research (EPHOR). The aim was to produce an improved tool for exposure assessment for epidemiological studies on the European population. The working group includes experts on job-exposure matrices and/or occupational exposures from several European countries, including Sweden, Finland, Norway, Denmark, Netherlands, France, and Spain. Methodology The first version, EuroJEM1.0, includes Respirable Crystalline Silica Dust, Wood dust, Diesel Engine Exhaust (EC) and Nickel. Exposure data were obtained from JEM-holders, and occupational codes were translated into ISCO-88(COM). Experts from the working group independently harmonized EuroJEM values from three to five JEMs for each agent. Consensus was reached during meetings. First the prevalence of exposed subjects in an occupation was assessed. In the next step a level was assigned to occupations with at least 25 % exposed workers. Nickel could not be assigned with exposure levels due to poor data quality. Regional differences in exposure have been included when indicated from the underlying data. The EuroJEM will be made publicly available. Results EuroJEM contains 29 occupations exposed to Respirable Crystalline Silica Dust, 12 to Wood dust and 44 to Diesel Engine Exhaust and 14 to Nickel. Conclusions This is the first attempt to harmonize several European JEMs to be used in European epidemiological studies on work exposure and disease. It will be linked with the EPHOR mega cohort as a next step.
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Hall, Amy L., Paul A. Demers, George Astrakianakis, Calvin Ge, and Cheryl E. Peters. "Estimating National-Level Exposure to Antineoplastic Agents in the Workplace: CAREX Canada Findings and Future Research Needs." Annals of Work Exposures and Health 61, no. 6 (June 8, 2017): 656–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxx042.
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AbstractObjectives:Occupational exposure to antineoplastic agents occurs in various environments and is associated with increased cancer risk and adverse reproductive outcomes. National-level information describing the location and extent of occupational exposure to antineoplastic agents is unavailable in Canada and most other countries. CAREX Canada aimed to estimate the prevalence and relative levels of occupational exposures to antineoplastic agents across work setting, occupation, and sex.Methods:‘Exposure’ was defined as any potential for worker contact with antineoplastic agents. Baseline numbers of licensed workers were obtained from their respective professional bodies. For unlicensed workers, Census data or data extrapolated from human resources reports (e.g., staffing ratios) were used. Prevalence was estimated by combining population estimates with exposure proportions from peer-reviewed and grey literature. Exposure levels (classified as low, moderate, and high) by occupation and work setting were estimated qualitatively by combining estimates of contact frequency and exposure control practices.Results:Approximately 75000 Canadians (0.42% of the total workforce) are estimated as occupationally exposed to antineoplastic agents; over 75% are female. The largest occupational group exposed to antineoplastic agents is community pharmacy workers, with 30200 exposed. By work setting, 39000 workers (52% of all exposed) are located in non-hospital settings; the remaining 48% are exposed in hospitals. The majority (75%) of workers are in the moderate exposure category.Conclusions:These estimates of the prevalence and location of occupational exposures to antineoplastic agents could be used to identify high-risk groups, estimate disease burden, and target new research and prevention activities. The limited secondary data available for developing these estimates highlights the need for increased quantitative measurement and documentation of antineoplastic agent contamination and exposure, particularly in work environments where use is emerging.
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Duijster, Janneke, Lapo Mughini-Gras, Jacques Neefjes, and Eelco Franz. "Occupational exposure and risk of colon cancer: a nationwide registry study with emphasis on occupational exposure to zoonotic gastrointestinal pathogens." BMJ Open 11, no. 8 (August 2021): e050611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050611.
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ObjectivesWhile colon cancer (CC) risk is associated with several lifestyle-related factors, including physical inactivity, smoking and diet, the contribution of occupation to CC morbidity remains largely unclear. Growing evidence indicates that gastrointestinal infections like salmonellosis could contribute to CC development. We performed a nationwide registry study to assess potential associations between occupation (history) and CC, including also those occupations with known increased exposure to gastrointestinal pathogens like Salmonella.MethodsPerson-level occupational data for all residents in The Netherlands were linked to CC diagnosis data. Differences in the incidence of (overall, proximal and distal) CC among occupational sectors and risk groups were tested for significance by calculating standardised incidence ratios (SIRs) with 95% CIs using the general population as reference group. Effects of gender, age, exposure duration and latency were also assessed.ResultsSignificant differences in CC incidence were observed only for a few occupational sectors, including the manufacturing of rubber and plastics, machinery and leather, the printing sector and the information service sector (SIRs 1.06–1.88). No elevated risk of CC was observed among people with increased salmonellosis risk through occupational exposure to live animals, manure or among those working in the sale of animal-derived food products (SIRs 0.93–0.95, 0.81–0.95 and 0.93–1.09 for overall, proximal and distal CC, respectively).ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that occupation in itself provides a relatively small contribution to CC incidence. This is consistent with previous studies where a similar degree of variation in risk estimates was observed. The lack of an association with the high-risk occupations for salmonellosis might be due to higher levels of physical activity, a known protective factor for CC and other diseases, of people working in the agricultural sector, which might outweigh the potential Salmonella-associated risk of CC.
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Pauli, Roman, and Jessica Lang. "O-073 DIFFERENCES IN PSYCHOSOCIAL RISK EXPOSURE ACROSS INTERNATIONAL STANDARD CLASSIFICATION OF OCCUPATIONS GROUPS." Occupational Medicine 74, Supplement_1 (July 1, 2024): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqae023.0594.
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Abstract Introduction Psychosocial stressors at work are differentially associated with strain outcomes, depending on occupational sector, level of education, hierarchical level, and occupational status. The aim of this study is to derive risk profiles for employees’ exposure to psychosocial job stressors in different occupations across International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO)-groups. Knowledge of these exposure profiles is an important prerequisite for deriving occupational safety and health measures tailored to the specific requirements of different occupational groups. Methods We assessed psychosocial job stressors across eight job characteristics using data of n = 10162 employees from 48 companies in Germany. We used linear mixed effects modeling to determine the amount of variance in employees’ exposure to job stressors attributable to occupation and visualize psychosocial risk profiles across ISCO groups. For a subsample, we also model stressor-strain relationships across ISCO major groups. Results Interclass correlation coefficients (ICC1) indicate up to 31% of the variance in exposure to job stressors is attributable to clustering. ISCO major groups yield different patterns of exposure to job stressors and varying slopes for the association of job stress and employee wellbeing. Discussion and conclusion Our results add to prior research findings on varying stressor-strain association across occupations by shedding light on how different occupations are exposed to different psychosocial risks. These findings provide practical information for professionals in charge of deriving occupational health and safety measures tailored to the specific exposure profiles of occupational groups.
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Goldman, Noreen, Anne R. Pebley, Keunbok Lee, Theresa Andrasfay, and Boriana Pratt. "Racial and ethnic differentials in COVID-19-related job exposures by occupational standing in the US." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (September 1, 2021): e0256085. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256085.
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Researchers and journalists have argued that work-related factors may be partly responsible for disproportionate COVID-19 infection and death rates among vulnerable groups. We evaluate these issues by describing racial and ethnic differences in the likelihood of work-related exposure to COVID-19. We extend previous studies by considering 12 racial and ethnic groups and five types of potential occupational exposure to the virus: exposure to infection, physical proximity to others, face-to-face discussions, interactions with external customers and the public, and working indoors. Most importantly, we stratify our results by occupational standing, defined as the proportion of workers within each occupation with at least some college education. This measure serves as a proxy for whether workplaces and workers employ COVID-19-related risk reduction strategies. We use the 2018 American Community Survey to identify recent workers by occupation, and link 409 occupations to information on work context from the Occupational Information Network to identify potential COVID-related risk factors. We then examine the racial/ethnic distribution of all frontline workers and frontline workers at highest potential risk of COVID-19, by occupational standing and by sex. The results indicate that, contrary to expectation, White frontline workers are often overrepresented in high-risk jobs while Black and Latino frontline workers are generally underrepresented in these jobs. However, disaggregation of the results by occupational standing shows that, in contrast to Whites and several Asian groups, Latino and Black frontline workers are overrepresented in lower standing occupations overall and in lower standing occupations associated with high risk, and thus may be less likely to have adequate COVID-19 protections. Our findings suggest that greater work exposures likely contribute to a higher prevalence of COVID-19 among Latino and Black adults and underscore the need for measures to reduce potential exposure for workers in low standing occupations and for the development of programs outside the workplace.
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Boiano, James M., Sharon R. Silver, Rebecca J. Tsai, Wayne T. Sanderson, Sa Liu, and Lawrence W. Whitehead. "Development of Job Exposure Matrices to Estimate Occupational Exposure to Solar and Artificial Ultraviolet Radiation." Annals of Work Exposures and Health 64, no. 9 (October 3, 2020): 936–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxaa076.
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Abstract Objectives Job exposure matrices (JEMs) are important tools for estimating occupational exposures in study populations where only information on industry and occupation (I&O) are available. JEMs The objective of this work was to create JEMs for solar and artificial ultraviolet radiation (UVR) using a US standardized coding scheme. Methods Using U.S. Census Bureau industry and occupation codes, separate lists of I&O pairs were developed for solar and artificial UVR by a panel of Certified Industrial Hygienists who assigned exposure ratings to I&O pairs with potential exposure. Parameters for exposure included prevalence (P) and frequency (F) for solar UVR and P, F, and intensity (I) for artificial UVR. Prevalence, or percent of all workers employed in an I&O pair who were exposed, was categorically rated: 0 to <1, 1 to <20; 20 to <80, and ≥80. Frequency of exposure, defined by the number of hours per week workers were exposed, was categorically rated: 0 to <5, 5 to <20, 20 to <35, and ≥35 h per week. For artificial UVR only, intensity of exposure was assigned three ratings: low, low with rare excursions, and >low under normal conditions. Discrepant ratings were resolved via consensus. Results After excluding I&O pairs assigned P and F ratings of 0 (solar UVR) and P, F, and I ratings of 0 (artificial UVR) from the JEM, 9206 I&O pairs were rated for solar UVR and 2010 I&O pairs for artificial UVR. For solar UVR, 723 (7.9% of all rated pairs) had ratings in the highest category for P and F; this group included 45 occupations in varied industries. Construction and extraction occupations represented most of the occupations (n = 20; 44%), followed by farming, fishing, and forestry occupations (n = 6; 13%). For artificial UVR, 87 I&O pairs (4.3% of all rated pairs) had maximum ratings for P, F, and I; these comprised a single occupation (welding, soldering, and brazing workers) in diverse industries. Conclusions JEMs for solar and artificial UVR were developed for a broad range of I&O pairs in the US population and are available for use by researchers conducting occupational epidemiological studies.
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Green, Brett J., and Donald H. Beezhold. "Industrial Fungal Enzymes: An Occupational Allergen Perspective." Journal of Allergy 2011 (June 21, 2011): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/682574.
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Occupational exposure to high-molecular-weight allergens is a risk factor for the development and pathogenesis of IgE-mediated respiratory disease. In some occupational environments, workers are at an increased risk of exposure to fungal enzymes used in industrial production. Fungal enzymes have been associated with adverse health effects in the work place, in particular in baking occupations. Exposure-response relationships have been demonstrated, and atopic workers directly handling fungal enzymes are at an increased risk for IgE-mediated disease and occupational asthma. The utilization of new and emerging fungal enzymes in industrial production will present new occupational exposures. The production of antibody-based immunoassays is necessary for the assessment of occupational exposure and the development of threshold limit values. Allergen avoidance strategies including personal protective equipment, engineering controls, protein encapsulation, and reduction of airborne enzyme concentrations are required to mitigate occupational exposure to fungal enzymes.
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Engel, Connie L., M. Sharima Rasanayagam, Janet M. Gray, and Jeanne Rizzo. "Work and Female Breast Cancer: The State of the Evidence, 2002–2017." NEW SOLUTIONS: A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy 28, no. 1 (April 16, 2018): 55–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1048291118758460.
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The authors undertook a scoping review to assess the literature from 2002 to 2017 on the relationship between occupation and female breast cancer. Case–control, cohort, and meta-analytic studies suggest that women working as flight attendants, in medical professions, some production positions, sales and retail, and scientific technical staff are likely to have elevated risk of breast cancer. In addition, occupational exposures to night-shift work, ionizing radiation, some chemicals, job stress, and sedentary work may increase risk of breast cancer. Occupational physical activity appears to decrease risk. Workplace exposures to passive smoke and occupational exposure to nonionizing radiation do not appear to affect breast cancer risk. Some studies of occupational categories and workplace exposures indicate that risk may be modified by duration of exposure, timing of exposure, dose, hormone-receptor subtypes, and menopausal status at diagnosis. The compelling data from this review reveal a substantial need for further research on occupation and breast cancer.
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Osei, Ernest, Faiza Nuru, and Michael Moore. "ASSESSMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL RADIATION DOSES OF MEDICAL RADIATION WORKERS IN TWO COMMUNITY HOSPITALS." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 192, no. 1 (October 2020): 41–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncaa190.
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Abstract The International Commission on Radiological Protection recommends the adoption of the linear, no-threshold model as a predictive risk model for radiation protection purposes since the relationship between low-dose radiation exposure and cancer risk is unclear. Medical radiation workers are subject to occupational exposures and differences in workload, area of work and types of exposure can lead to variations in exposures between different occupational groups. We investigated the occupational exposures of 572 workers from four departments in two community hospitals and stratified into 22 occupational groups in order to identify groups with the highest radiation exposure. The occupational doses from 2015 to 2019 were analyzed to identify the dose distribution of each occupational group, total number of monitored workers, annual and collective deep (Hp(10)), eye (Hp(3)) and shallow (Hp(0.07)) doses. We further determined the individual and occupational group lifetime doses as well as the probability that monitored workers’ lifetime doses will exceed a specified lifetime dose level. The occupational groups with the highest radiation exposures were the nuclear medicine technologists, diagnostic imaging radiologists and diagnostic cardiologists. Although our data suggest that occupational doses reported are low, it is essential that exposure of occupationally exposed personnel are always kept as low as reasonably achievable with an effective radiation protection program.
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Scarselli, Alberto, Alessandro Marinaccio, Marisa Corfiati, Davide Di Marzio, and Sergio Iavicoli. "Occupational asbestos exposure after the ban: a job exposure matrix developed in Italy." European Journal of Public Health 30, no. 5 (August 3, 2020): 936–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckaa118.
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Abstract Background Asbestos is a well-known carcinogen for humans. The aim of this study is to develop a tool to estimate occupational asbestos exposure in Italy after the ban using information collected in a national dataset. Methods Data were collected from firm registries of workers exposed to asbestos in the period 1996–2016. Descriptive statistics (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, geometric mean and geometric standard deviation) were calculated for the main exposure-related variables (activity sector, occupational group and exposure period). An estimate of workers potentially exposed to asbestos was also performed. Results A total of 19 704 airborne measurements of asbestos exposure was selected from the national database of occupational exposures in the sectors of asbestos abatement. Overall, a geometric mean of 7.93 f l−1 was found, and chrysotile was the asbestos type that had more exposures (41%). A total of 46 422 workers was estimated to be potentially at asbestos exposure risk. Exposure data were summarized by calendar period, activity sector and occupational group. Conclusions The construction of a job exposure matrix for different occupation/industry combinations may allow the assessment of occupational exposure to asbestos in several removal and disposal activities, and the estimate of the risks associated with asbestos-related diseases in epidemiological studies.
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Wachami, Nadia Al, Mohamed Louerdi, Younes Iderdar, Karima Boumendil, Fatima-Zahra Bouchachi, Maryem Arraji, and Mohamed Chahboune. "P-496 CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD) AND OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES: THE CASE OF MOROCCO." Occupational Medicine 74, Supplement_1 (July 1, 2024): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqae023.1251.
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Abstract Introduction Occupational exposures are an important cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This work aims to analyze the epidemiological evidence on the association between occupational exposures, the development and aggravation of COPD, with a particular focus on Morocco. Methods Scientific databases were searched for studies reporting data on COPD and workplace exposures. Results Data from the published literature show that occupational exposures play an important role in the development of COPD. Positive correlations have been established between occupational exposures and the prevalence and incidence of COPD. In addition, occupational exposures have a negative impact on COPD patients, resulting in increased frequency of respiratory symptoms and exacerbations, reduced spirometric parameters and impaired quality of life. In Morocco, the link between occupational exposure and COPD has not been sufficiently studied. Discussion A limited number of studies have suggested that construction workers and former miners are at high risk of developing COPD. No studies investigating the effect of occupational exposure to dusts, vapors, gasses and fumes on the health status of COPD patients in Morocco were found. Conclusion Occupational exposure is a potential risk factor in the development and aggravation of COPD. In Morocco, this link has not been sufficiently studied. Consequently, it is time for more in-depth studies aimed at identifying at-risk occupations, assessing the exposure-response relationship, and determining the exposure limits that should be retained to guide COPD prevention and management strategies nationwide.
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Ornellas, Maria Helena, Gilda Alves, Paulo Antônio P. Rebelo, Raphael M. Guimarães, Helen P. de Souza, Patrícia V. Guimarães, Silvana R. Turci, and Ubirani B. Otero. "A exposição ocupacional relatada por pacientes com leucemia e com síndrome mielodisplásica e no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil." Brazilian Journal of Health and Biomedical Sciences 18, no. 1 (June 3, 2019): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/bjhbs.2019.53050.
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Introduction: Little is known about occupational agents andthe occurrence of leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromein Brazil. Objective: The aim of this study was to trace thesociodemographic and occupational profiles of patients withleukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome in two hospitals inthe city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Methods: We carried out astudy of 229 cases from the period 2000 to 2006. Interviewswere conducted with patients to obtain information onfamily history, lifestyle risk factors, occupational history,residential history, and occupational and non-occupationalexposures by using a structured questionnaire. The frequencyand duration of occupational activities related to exposureamong participants were estimated. Each individual’s levelof exposure was classified as low, moderate, high or veryhigh. Results: The main exposures observed were to chemicalcleaning and disinfectant products, followed by gasolineand lubricating oil. Most of the exposures occurred at lowfrequencies. However, for benzene, solvents, thinners, andcoal combustion, the highest prevalence was observed formoderate exposures. Furthermore, it was observed that theexposure patterns of substances varied for each group, suggestingthat the intensity of exposure was determined byspecific types of substances. Conclusion: The monitoring ofexposure in occupations that deal with solvents is critical, inorder to reduce the incidence of leukemia. Since occupation isa preventable risk factor, strategies for primary prevention andhealth promotion in the workplace should be a top priorityin cancer prevention policies in Brazil.Keywords: Leukemia; Occupational Health, Myelodysplasticsyndromes, Epidemiology.
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Lacourt, Aude, France Labrèche, Mark S. Goldberg, Jack Siemiatycki, and Jérôme Lavoué. "Agreement in Occupational Exposures Between Men and Women Using Retrospective Assessments by Expert Coders." Annals of Work Exposures and Health 62, no. 9 (August 16, 2018): 1159–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxy074.
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Abstract Objectives To estimate the level of agreement and identify notable differences in occupational exposures (agents) between men and women from retrospective assessments by expert coders. Methods Lifetime occupational histories of 1657 men and 2073 women from two case–control studies, were translated into exposure estimates to 243 agents, from data on 13882 jobs. Exposure estimates were summarized as proportions and frequency-weighted intensity of exposure for 59 occupational codes by sex. Agreement between metrics of exposure in men’s and women’s jobs was determined with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and weighted Kappa coefficients, using as unit of analysis (‘cell’) a combination of occupational code and occupational agent. ‘Notable’ differences between men and women were identified for each cell, according to a Bayesian hierarchical model for both proportion and frequency-weighted intensity of exposure. Results For cells common to both men and women, the ICC for continuous probability of exposure was 0.84 (95% CI: 0.83–0.84) and 7.4% of cells showed notable differences with jobs held by men being more often exposed. A weighted kappa of 0.67 (95% CI: 0.61–0.73) was calculated for intensity of exposure, and an ICC of 0.67 (95% CI: 0.62–0.71) for frequency-weighted intensity of exposure, with a tendency of higher values of exposure metrics in jobs held by men. Conclusions Exposures were generally in agreement between men and women. Some notable differences were identified, most of them explained by differential sub-occupations or industries or dissimilar reported tasks within the studied occupations.
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Sallmén, Markku, and Sanni Uuksulainen. "O5D.5 Construction of finnish ISCO-88 job exposure matrix: examination of dataset with two different classification of occupations in consecutive censuses." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 76, Suppl 1 (April 2019): A48.3—A49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem-2019-epi.131.
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Finnish Job exposure matrix (FINJEM) assesses occupational exposure for 84 factors in 311 FINJEM occupations. Finnish version of ISCO-88 International Standard Classification of Occupations 1988 (F-ISCO-88) occupational codes (n=445), used in population censuses from 1995 to 2009, often split into more than one FINJEM code. We describe the construction of a crosswalk between F-ISCO-88 codes and FINJEM codes and the resulting F-ISCO88 job exposure matrix (F-ISCO-88-JEM).In total, we found 1144 conversion candidate pairs from two sources: 1) Statistics Finland crosswalks from three sequential classification of occupations (2001–1997, 1997–1987, 1987–1980) combined with crosswalk between the classification of occupations in 1980 and FINJEM, and 2) preliminary expert judgement-based conversion of F-ISCO-88–FINJEM.We counted frequencies for all 9900 F-ISCO88 (in 1995) and FINJEM (1990) occupational code pairs from a study of neurodegenerative disease (n=103,969). Correctness of every candidate pair and prevalent non-candidate pairs was checked using occupational coding manuals of FINJEM and F-ISCO88, including occupational titles. Final list of accepted pairs was agreed by the authors.The number of verified F-ISCO-88–FINJEM conversion pairs was 835, including 88 pairs from non-candidates. In total, 397 (34.7%) candidate pairs were incorrect. We could solve FINJEM occupation for 84 252 (81.0% from total population) persons with direct conversions or verified conversion pairs. Occupation of the remaining 19 717 persons changed between 1990 and 1995. Direct conversions totaled 27 716 (26.6%) solutions and split F-ISCO-88 codes 56 536 (54.4%) solutions. The resulting F-ISCO-88–JEM comprises original FINJEM exposure estimates for direct conversions and estimates for split F-ISCO-88 codes, calculated using proportions of corresponding FINJEM codes as weights.A quarter of F-ISCO-88 codes can be converted to FINJEM codes in data with F-ISCO-88 occupational codes. This proportion could be tripled in a dataset including FINJEM and F-ISCO88 codes in consecutive censuses, resulting in more accurate exposure estimates.
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Ottenbros, Ilse, Tiina Santonen, José Tarazona, David Vernez, Calvin Ge, Clément Blassiau, Amélie Crépet, and Wouter Fransman. "219 Gaps in current aggregated occupational and non-occupational exposure assessment approaches." Annals of Work Exposures and Health 68, Supplement_1 (June 1, 2024): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxae035.083.
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Abstract Humans are exposed to multiple stressors via various exposure routes and sources, among which occupational settings. While traditional exposure assessments focus on single chemicals or routes, combined exposures are increasingly being considered focusing on more than one source or route. An aggregated exposure assessment approach is necessary to encompass all the different sources and routes through which a single chemical may originate, from both the occupational and non-occupational environments. Currently, there is a lack of a standardized methodology or guidance for conducting aggregated exposure assessment at a population level which consists of occupational and non-occupational exposures. It can be challenging to integrate the current occupational exposure assessment approaches with the general life exposures. Occupational aggregated exposure assessment can be conducted quantitatively based on specific work scenarios or tasks, to ensure compliance with safety regulations. Additionally, population level assessments of occupational aggregated exposures, often qualitative in nature, can be conducted to explore exposure-disease relationships in epidemiological studies. In order to incorporate occupational with non-occupational aggregated exposures, a combination the two occupational approaches (scenario-based with population-based) into a semi-quantitative population level assessment reflecting the same scale will enable an aggregated exposure assessment for the entire working population. This combination of occupational approaches is illustrated by three different case studies performed under the PARC initiative. Aggregated occupational exposure is modelled for PFAS, pyrethroids and metals (cadmium and chromium), and plasticizers.
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Dr.L.J.Bhagia, Dr L. J. Bhagia. "Occupational Exposure to TALC – A Review." Indian Journal of Applied Research 3, no. 12 (October 1, 2011): 238–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/dec2013/70.
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Joshi, Sunil Kumar, B. E. Moen, and M. Bratveit. "POSSIBLE OCCUPATIONAL LUNG CANCER IN NEPAL." Journal of Nepal Medical Association 42, no. 145 (January 1, 2003): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.31729/jnma.709.
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ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to describe the relationship between occupational exposures and thedevelopment of lung cancer among the patients attending Bhaktapur Cancer Care Center, Bhaktapur,Nepal. The study subjects consisted of 85 cases of lung cancer and a reference group of 40 cases of coloncancer. Demographic data and information about work history was obtained by a structured interview.Based on the occupational history, subjects were divided into exposed and non-exposed groups concerningcarcinogenic agents. Exposure prone occupations like agriculture, construction of buildings, construction ofroads and bridges, manufacturing, and transport were categorised as exposed occupations. Similarly,occupations like administrative services, business, student and housewives were categorised as non-exposed.Odd ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using logistic regression. Adjustmentsfor smoking habit, life long cigarette consumption (smoking pack year), alcohol habit, education level andage were done. The crude OR for the exposed workers was 5.59 (95% CI: 2.47,12.6). After adjustment forsmoking habit alone or for smoking habit, smoking pack year, alcohol habit, education level and age, theOR was 4.8 (95% CI: 2.02,11.4) and 4.2 (95% CI: 1.4,12.0), respectively.The study shows that for the exposed workers there was an increased risk of lung cancer. The risk wassignificantly increased also after adjusting for smoking habit, smoking pack year, alcohol habit, age andeducation level.Key Words: Lung Cancer, occupation, exposure, Nepal.
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Visser, Anne E., Fabrizio D'Ovidio, Susan Peters, Roel CH Vermeulen, Ettore Beghi, Adriano Chiò, Jan H. Veldink, Giancarlo Logroscino, Orla Hardiman, and Leonard H. van den Berg. "Multicentre, population-based, case–control study of particulates, combustion products and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis risk." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 90, no. 8 (March 8, 2019): 854–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2018-319779.
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ObjectiveTo investigate whether exposure to particulates and combustion products may explain the association between certain occupations and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) risk in a large, multicentre, population-based, case–control study, based on full job histories, using job-exposure matrices, with detailed information on possible confounders.MethodsPopulation-based patients with ALS and controls were recruited from five registries in the Netherlands, Ireland and Italy. Demographics and data regarding educational level, smoking, alcohol habits and lifetime occupational history were obtained using a validated questionnaire. Using job-exposure matrices, we assessed occupational exposure to silica, asbestos, organic dust, contact with animals or fresh animal products, endotoxins, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and diesel motor exhaust. Multivariate logistic regression models adjusting for confounding factors were used to determine the association between these exposures and ALS risk.ResultsWe included 1557 patients and 2922 controls. Associations were positive for all seven occupational exposures (ORs ranging from 1.13 to 1.73 for high vs never exposed), and significant on the continuous scale for silica, organic dust and diesel motor exhaust (p values for trend ≤0.03). Additional analyses, adding an exposure (one at a time) to the model in the single exposure analysis, revealed a stable OR for silica. We found similar results when patients with a C9orf72 mutation were excluded.ConclusionIn a large, multicentre study, using harmonised methodology to objectively quantify occupational exposure to particulates and combustion products, we found an association between ALS risk and exposure to silica, independent of the other occupational exposures studied.
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Fildan, P., E. Dantes, and O. C. Arghir. "Occupational exposure and lung cancer risk - Study in two different Romanian areas." ARS Medica Tomitana 19, no. 1 (February 1, 2013): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/arsm-2013-0003.
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AbstractLung cancer is the most frequent neoplasm worldwide and the incidence in Constanta County is in continuous increasing. Occupation as a cause of lung cancer is common. The authors examined the relation between occupation and lung cancer in two patient cohorts from different areas of Romania: Constanta and Valcea. In 2005-2010, in Constanta and Valcea counties, 488 and 344 incident lung cancer cases were enrolled. Lifetime occupational histories (industry and job title) were coded by using standard international classifications and were translated into occupations known (list A) or suspected (list B) to be associated with lung cancer. An exposure excess of 14.6% for patients from Constanta ever employed in occupations known to be associated with lung cancer (list A) was found, with the largest contributions from the oil refinery and shipbuilding industries No overall excess was found for list B with the exception of bus and truck drivers (men) and launderers and dry cleaners (women), in both groups of patients. These results indicate that past exposure to occupational carcinogens remains an important determinant of lung cancer occurrence.
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Sterzl-Eckert, H., and H. Greim. "Occupational exposure." Food and Chemical Toxicology 34, no. 11-12 (November 1996): 1177–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0278-6915(97)00095-1.
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Weistrand, Cecilia, Koidu Norén, and Anita Nilsson. "Occupational exposure." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 4, no. 1 (March 1997): 2–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02986256.
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Weistrand, Cecilia, Koidu Norèn, and Anita Nilsson. "Occupational exposure." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 3, no. 4 (December 1996): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02986954.
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Caunedo, Julieta, David Jaume, and Elisa Keller. "Occupational Exposure to Capital-Embodied Technical Change." American Economic Review 113, no. 6 (June 1, 2023): 1642–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20211478.
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We study differences in exposure to factor-biased technical change among occupations by providing the first measures of capital-embodied technical change (CETC) and of the elasticity of substitution between capital and labor at the occupational level. We document sizable occupational heterogeneity in both measures, but quantitatively, it is the heterogeneity in factor substitutability that fuels workers’ exposure to CETC. In a general equilibrium model of worker sorting across occupations, CETC accounts for almost all of the observed labor reallocation in the US between 1984 and 2015. Absent occupational heterogeneity in factor substitutability, CETC accounts for only 17 percent of it (JEL I26, J16, J24, J31, O33)
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Bui, David Pham, Kathryn Gibb, Martha Fiellin, Andrea Rodriguez, Claire Majka, Carolina Espineli, Elisabeth Gebreegziabher, Jennifer Flattery, and Ximena P. Vergara. "Occupational COVID-19 Exposures and Illnesses among Workers in California—Analysis of a New Occupational COVID-19 Surveillance System." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 13 (July 6, 2023): 6307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20136307.
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Little is known about occupational SARS-CoV-2 exposures and COVID-19 outcomes. We established a Doctor’s First Reports of Occupational Injury or Illness (DFR)-based surveillance system to study cases of work-related COVID-19 exposures and disease. The surveillance data included demographics, occupation, industry, exposure, and illness, details including hospitalization and lost work. We classified workers into ‘healthcare’, non-healthcare ‘public-facing’, or ‘other’ worker groups, and rural–urban commuting areas (RUCAs). We describe worker exposures and outcomes overall by worker group and RUCA. We analyzed 2848 COVID-19 DFRs representing workers in 22 detailed occupation groups and 19 industry groups. Most DFRs were for workers in metropolitan RUCAs (89%) and those in healthcare (42%) and public-facing (24%) worker groups. While DFRs were from 382 unique worksites, 52% were from four hospitals and one prison. Among 1063 DFRs with a suspected exposure, 73% suspected exposure to a patient or client. Few DFRs indicated hospitalization (3.9%); however, the proportion hospitalized was higher among nonmetropolitan (7.4%) and public-facing (6.7%) workers. While 56% of DFRs indicated some lost work time, the proportion was highest among public-facing (80%) workers. Healthcare and prison workers were the majority of reported occupational COVID-19 exposures and illnesses. The risk of COVID-19 hospitalization and lost work may be highest among nonmetropolitan and public-facing workers.
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Olsson, Ann, Mary Schubauer-Berigan, and Joachim Schüz. "Strategies of the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO) to reduce the occupational cancer burden." Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology 61, no. 3 (April 20, 2021): 140–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2021-61-3-140-154.
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The main mission of the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO) is to conduct research for cancer prevention worldwide. The strategies of the IARC to reduce the occupational cancer burden include enhancing cancer surveillance, evaluating and classifying potential human carcinogens, and conducting epidemiological research to fill gaps in knowledge on occupationally related cancers. Beyond the IARC work, it is essential to systematically monitor occupational exposures in workplaces, in order to effectively protect workers. There are multiple sources of information about occupational exposures in workplaces, but they are often not used for hazard surveillance or for research. The Russian Federation has great potential to advance research and worker protection due to their strong tradition to monitor and record exposure concentrations in workplaces. Currently most evidence regarding occupational cancer burden comes from Western Europe and North America. Estimation of the burden of occupational cancer requires accurate data from local settings as extrapolating data from other settings may be misleading due to major differences in exposures, exposure pathways and baseline cancer risks. To fill this knowledge gap, it is important to conduct exposure surveillance and epidemiological studies on occupational cancer in the Russian Federation.
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Dimakakou, Eirini, Helinor J. Johnston, George Streftaris, and John W. Cherrie. "Is Environmental and Occupational Particulate Air Pollution Exposure Related to Type-2 Diabetes and Dementia? A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the UK Biobank." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 24 (December 21, 2020): 9581. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249581.
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Human exposure to particulate air pollution (e.g., PM2.5) can lead to adverse health effects, with compelling evidence that it can increase morbidity and mortality from respiratory and cardiovascular disease. More recently, there has also been evidence that long-term environmental exposure to particulate air pollution is associated with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and dementia. There are many occupations that may expose workers to airborne particles and that some exposures in the workplace are very similar to environmental particulate pollution. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the UK Biobank cohort to verify the association between environmental particulate air pollution (PM2.5) exposure and T2DM and dementia, and to investigate if occupational exposure to particulates that are similar to those found in environmental air pollution could increase the odds of developing these diseases. The UK Biobank dataset comprises of over 500,000 participants from all over the UK. Environmental exposure variables were used from the UK Biobank. To estimate occupational exposure both the UK Biobank’s data and information from a job exposure matrix, specifically developed for UK Biobank (Airborne Chemical Exposure–Job Exposure Matrix (ACE JEM)), were used. The outcome measures were participants with T2DM and dementia. In appropriately adjusted models, environmental exposure to PM2.5 was associated with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.02 (95% CI 1.00 to 1.03) per unit exposure for developing T2DM, while PM2.5 was associated with an odds ratio of 1.06 (95% CI 0.96 to 1.16) per unit exposure for developing dementia. These environmental results align with existing findings in the published literature. Five occupational exposures (dust, fumes, diesel, mineral, and biological dust in the most recent job estimated with the ACE JEM) were investigated and the risks for most exposures for T2DM and for all the exposures for dementia were not significantly increased in the adjusted models. This was confirmed in a subgroup of participants where a full occupational history was available allowed an estimate of workplace exposures. However, when not adjusting for gender, some of the associations become significant, which suggests that there might be a bias between the occupational assessments for men and women. The results of the present study do not provide clear evidence of an association between occupational exposure to particulate matter and T2DM or dementia.
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Laditka, Sarah, James Laditka, and Ahmed Arif. "Linking Work-Life Occupational Exposures With Distress and Mortality Before and After Retirement." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1425.
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Abstract Mental health problems have surpassed musculoskeletal injuries as causes of work disability. Workers in certain occupations may have high risks for mental health problems and premature death even after retirement. People in high risk occupations for many years may be particularly vulnerable, along with groups with higher health risks such as rural residents. Little research examines their occupation-related risks. No research has examined how occupational exposures affect mental health in retirement. We studied these life course risks using the nationally representative Panel Study of Income Dynamics, following participants 36 years beginning 1981, with annual measures of occupation and distress (n=16,994; 129,880 occupation measures; 415 deaths). We estimated hazards of developing distress in occupations hypothesized to have high and low distress risks, adjusted for factors associated with occupational choice and mental health including age, education, income, race/ethnicity, sex, childhood and midlife health, and family trauma. Compared to low risk occupations, working in high risk occupations was associated with 20% elevated odds of distress (adjusted odds ratio, OR 1.20, 95% confidence interval, CI 1.13 1.28) and 55% elevated risk of death (hazard ratio 1.55, CI 1.11-2.16). Each additional year in a high risk occupation increased the odds by 5%. Rural residents had the highest occupation-related distress risk (adjusted OR 3.05, CI 2.39-3.97). At ages 70+ each additional past exposure year was associated with 2% higher distress risk (p<0.05), and 4.6% higher mortality (p<0.05). Workers in certain occupations have high risks of psychological distress and death, even after retirement.
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Koh, Dong-Hee, Ju-Hyun Park, Sang-Gil Lee, Hwan-Cheol Kim, Sang-Jun Choi, Hyejung Jung, and Dong-Uk Park. "O6D.3 Evaluation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposure across occupations in korea using urinary metabolite 1-hydroxypyrene." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 76, Suppl 1 (April 2019): A57.3—A58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem-2019-epi.155.
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ObjectivesPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are a well-known carcinogen causing lung and skin cancers in exposed workers. Several occupations such as coke production have been reported to be associated with high PAHs exposure. However, previous reports have been confined in several occupations. Thus, we aimed to evaluate PAHs exposure across a wide range of occupations using its urinary metabolite 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP).MethodsTo evaluate PAHs exposure across occupations, we collected the urine 1-OHP data from the Korean National Environmental Health Survey which is a nationwide bio-monitoring survey. The data contained information about urine 1-OHP levels, cigarette smoking status, and standard occupational codes. We calculated summary statistics of urine 1-OHP levels for each occupation. In addition, we calculated the relative exposure indicators which are the proportions of exceeding the quartile levels. Since cigarette smoking is a single most influential factor of PAHs exposure, we repeated the analyses by excluding current smokers.ResultsOverall geometric means (GM) of all populations and non-smoker populations were 0.13µg/L and 0.10µg/L, respectively. For the major group of occupation, ‘Craft and Related Trades Workers’ and ‘Equipment, Machine Operating and Assembling Workers’ showed the highest urine 1-OHP levels, while ‘Homemaker’ showed the lowest level. For the sub-major group of occupation, ‘Video and Telecommunications Equipment Related Occupations’ showed the highest percentage (61%) of exceeding the third quartile (Q3) level of all populations. While ‘Legal and Administration Professional Occupations’ showed the lowest percentage of exceeding the Q3 level of all populations. For the minor group of occupation, ‘Horticultural and Landscape Workers’ showed the highest percentage (64%) of exceeding the Q3 level of all populations. While ‘Kindergarten teachers’ showed the lowest percentage of exceeding the Q3 level of all populations.ConclusionsOur results will provide ancillary information about PAHs exposure across occupations, especially in occupations where PAHs exposure has not well known.
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Norlén, Filip, Per Gustavsson, Pernilla Wiebert, Lars Rylander, Maria Albin, Magnus Westgren, Nils Plato, and Jenny Selander. "Occupational exposure to inorganic particles during pregnancy and birth outcomes: a nationwide cohort study in Sweden." BMJ Open 9, no. 2 (February 2019): e023879. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023879.
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ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate if occupational exposure to inorganic particles or welding fumes during pregnancy is associated with negative birth outcomes.DesignA prospective national cohort study.SettingAll single births from 1994 to 2012 in Sweden. Information on birth weight, preterm birth, small for gestational age, smoking habits, nationality, age, occupation, absence from work and education was obtained from nationwide registers. Exposure to inorganic particles (mg/m3) was assessed from a job exposure matrix.ParticipantsThis study included all single births by occupationally active mothers (995 843).Outcome measuresAssociations between occupational exposures and negative birth outcomes in the form of low birth weight, preterm birth and small for gestational age.ResultsMothers who had high exposure to inorganic particles and had less than 50 days (median) of absence from work during pregnancy showed an increased risk of preterm birth (OR 1.18; 95% CI 1.07 to 1.30), low birth weight (OR 1.32; 95% CI 1.18 to 1.48) as well as small for gestational age (OR 1.20; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.39). The increased risks were driven by exposure to iron particles. No increased risks were found in association with exposure to stone and concrete particles. High exposure to welding fumes was associated with an increased risk of low birth weight (OR 1.22; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.45) and preterm birth (OR 1.24; 95% CI 1.07 to 1.42).ConclusionsThe results indicate that pregnant women should not be exposed to high levels of iron particles or welding fumes.
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Kim, Joanne, Cheryl E. Peters, Victoria H. Arrandale, France Labrèche, Calvin B. Ge, Christopher B. McLeod, Chaojie Song, et al. "Burden of lung cancer attributable to occupational diesel engine exhaust exposure in Canada." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 75, no. 9 (April 28, 2018): 617–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2017-104950.
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ObjectiveTo estimate the population attributable fraction (PAF) and number of incident and fatal lung cancers in Canada from occupational exposure to diesel engine exhaust (DEE).MethodsDEE exposure prevalence and level estimates were used with Canadian Census and Labour Force Survey data to model the exposed population across the risk exposure period (REP, 1961–2001). Relative risks of lung cancer were calculated based on a meta-regression selected from the literature. PAFs were calculated using Levin’s equation and applied to the 2011 lung cancer statistics obtained from the Canadian Cancer Registry.ResultsWe estimated that 2.4% (95% CI 1.6% to 6.6%) of lung cancers in Canada are attributable to occupational DEE exposure, corresponding to approximately 560 (95% CI 380 to 1570) incident and 460 (95% CI 310 to 1270) fatal lung cancers in 2011. Overall, 1.6 million individuals alive in 2011 were occupationally exposed to DEE during the REP, 97% of whom were male. Occupations with the highest burden were underground miners, truck drivers and mechanics. Half of the attributable lung cancers occurred among workers with low exposure.ConclusionsThis is the first study to quantify the burden of lung cancer attributable to occupational DEE exposure in Canada. Our results underscore a large potential for prevention, and a large public health impact from occupational exposure to low levels of DEE.
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Koh, Dong-Hee, Ju-Hyun Park, Sang-Gil Lee, Hwan-Cheol Kim, Sangjun Choi, Hyejung Jung, and Donguk Park. "Comparison of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Exposure Across Occupations Using Urinary Metabolite 1-Hydroxypyrene." Annals of Work Exposures and Health 64, no. 4 (February 17, 2020): 445–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxaa014.
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Abstract Objectives Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are well-known carcinogens causing lung and skin cancers in exposed workers. Certain occupations, such as coke production, have been associated with high PAH exposure; however, the number of occupations tested to date remains small. Here, we sought to compare PAH exposure across a wide range of occupations based on levels of 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP), the urinary exposure surrogate of PAHs. Methods We collected urine 1-OHP data from the Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS), a nationwide biomonitoring survey. We developed a linear regression model, controlling for sex, age, smoking, and survey cycle, and obtained resulting residuals. Then, we computed the fraction of exceeding the third quartile (Q3) level of residuals for each occupation, which is employed as a relative exposure indicator across occupations. Results A total of 15 125 measurements derived from three cycles of KoNEHS were used for analysis. The overall geometric means (GMs) and geometric standard deviation (GSD) of urine 1-OHP levels were 0.16 µg g−1 creatinine and 3.07, respectively. Among the sub-major occupational groups, ‘construction and mining related elementary occupations’ showed the highest fraction (0.45) of exceeding the Q3 level of residuals. Among the minor occupational groups, ‘deliverers’ showed a high fraction (0.42) of exceeding the Q3 level of residuals, which indicates rapidly growing occupations to be addressed. Conclusions Our results provide ancillary information regarding PAH exposure across occupations, especially for occupations for which PAH exposure has not been well characterized.
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Choi, Sangjun, Kwang Min Lee, Hyunhee Park, Gyu-Beom Shim, Sun Woo Lee, Yoon-Ji Kim, Youngki Kim, Dongmug Kang, Se-Yeong Kim, and Ju-Hyun Park. "272 Development of job exposure matrix for construction workers based on experts’ judgment using the 60 consolidated occupations." Annals of Work Exposures and Health 68, Supplement_1 (June 1, 2024): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxae035.255.
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Abstract Background The aim of this study was to develop a new Korean Construction Job Exposure Matrix (KoConJEM) for the construction industry based on 60 occupations consolidated by the Construction Workers Mutual Aid Association. Methods Evaluation of the probability, intensity, and prevalence of exposure as binary (Yes/No) or four categories (1–4) to 26 hazardous agents for 60 consolidated occupations was performed by 30 industrial hygiene experts. The risk score (1 to 16) was calculated by multiplying the exposure intensity by the prevalence of exposure. The JEM was expressed on a heatmap and a web-based dashboard to facilitate comparison of exposure characteristics according to each occupation and hazardous agent. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) was applied for identification of similar patterns in exposure characteristics of different agents across occupations. Results Hazardous agents evaluated as exposure is probable by at least one or more experts in all occupations included awkward posture, heat/cold, heavy lifting, and noise. The hazardous agent with exposure in the smallest number of occupations (n = 5) was asphalt fumes. The highest risk value of 16 for awkward posture was observed for almost all occupations except safety officer. The results of HCA using risk values showed that the pattern for the welding-related occupational group differed the most from that of other occupational groups. Conclusion The KoConJEM provides information on the probability, intensity, and prevalence of exposure to harmful factors. It might be useful in the conduct of epidemiological studies on health risk assessment of construction workers.
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Collatuzzo, Giulia, Federica Turati, Matteo Malvezzi, Eva Negri, Carlo La Vecchia, and Paolo Boffetta. "Attributable Fraction of Cancer Related to Occupational Exposure in Italy." Cancers 15, no. 8 (April 10, 2023): 2234. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers15082234.
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Background: Exposure to occupational carcinogens is an important and avoidable cause of cancer. We aimed to provide an evidence-based estimate of the burden of occupation-related cancers in Italy. Methods: The attributable fraction (AF) was calculated based on the counterfactual scenario of no occupational exposure to carcinogens. We included exposures classified as IARC group 1 and with reliable evidence of exposure in Italy. Relative risk estimates for selected cancers and prevalences of exposure were derived from large-scale studies. Except for mesothelioma, a 15–20-year latency period between exposure and cancer was considered. The data on cancer incidence in 2020 and mortality in 2017 in Italy were obtained from the Italian Association of Cancer Registries. Results: The most prevalent exposures were UV radiation (5.8%), diesel exhaust (4.3%), wood dust (2.3%) and silica dust (2.1%). Mesothelioma had the largest AF to occupational carcinogens (86.6%), followed by sinonasal cancer (11.8%) and lung cancer (3.8%). We estimated that 0.9% of cancer cases (N~3500) and 1.6% of cancer deaths (N~2800) were attributable to occupational carcinogens in Italy. Of these, about 60% were attributable to asbestos, 17.5% to diesel exhaust, followed by chromium and silica dust (7% and 5%). Conclusions: Our estimates provide up-to-date quantification of the low, but persistent, burden of occupational cancers in Italy.
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Van Eerd, D., E. Irvin, S. Harbin, Q. Mahood, and M. Tiong. "Occupational exposure and post-traumatic stress disorder: A rapid review." Work 68, no. 3 (March 26, 2021): 721–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/wor-203406.
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BACKGROUND: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) can result from occupational exposures and poses a considerable burden to workers, their families, workplaces and to society in general. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to conduct a rapid review of the literature to answer the question: “Which occupations have exposures that may lead to a PTSD diagnosis?” METHODS: A rapid review was conducted in six steps: review question development, literature search, study selection (inclusion/exclusion), study characterization, data extraction, and data synthesis. RESULTS: The search identified 3428 unique references which were reviewed to find 16 relevant studies in 23 articles. The articles revealed associations between PTSD and rescue workers (police, firefighters, etc.), health care professionals, transit drivers, and bank employees which seem well supported by the literature. Some studies also suggest potential associations with PTSD and construction and extraction, electricians, manufacturing, installation, maintenance and repair, transportation and material moving, and clerical workers. CONCLUSIONS: A rapid review of the peer-reviewed scientific literature of PTSD prevalence or treatment suggests many occupations have exposures that could be associated with PTSD. Occupational traumatic events were most often associated with PTSD diagnosis. More research is needed to better understand the association between occupation and PTSD.
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Neitzel, Richard. "Total Non-Occupational Noise Exposure of Construction Workers." Noise & Vibration Worldwide 36, no. 5 (May 2005): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/0957456054530296.
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Total non-occupational noise exposure levels were estimated for a group of 266 construction apprentices participating in a longitudinal study of noise and hearing loss. Subjects were interviewed regarding their exposure to “episodic” activities (e.g., concert attendance), and noise levels for these activities were obtained from a literature review. “Routine” activities were assessed using a combination of self-reported activity logs and non-occupational noise dosimetry measurements. Routine and episodic activity exposures were combined into estimated annual Leq exposure levels for the 6760 nominal non-occupational hours in a year (LAeq6760h). The LAeq6760h levels were then transformed into equivalent levels for a 2000 hour exposure period (LA2000hn), which allowed direct comparison to occupational risk criteria. The median LAeq6760h was 73 dBA, and the median LA2000hn was 78 dBA. Nineteen percent of LA2000hn non-occupational exposures exceeded 85 dBA, the generally recommended occupational limit. Firearms use could not be incorporated into the total noise exposure estimates. However, firearms users reported more exposure to other noisy non-occupational activities than did non-shooters, and had higher estimated exposure levels even without including their firearms exposure. Non-occupational noise exposures among most construction workers present little additional exposure when compared to their occupational exposures. However, they may contribute significantly to overall exposure in the subset of workers who frequently participate in selected noisy activities.
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Fucic, Aleksandra, Radu C. Duca, Karen S. Galea, Tihana Maric, Kelly Garcia, Michael S. Bloom, Helle R. Andersen, and John E. Vena. "Reproductive Health Risks Associated with Occupational and Environmental Exposure to Pesticides." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 12 (June 18, 2021): 6576. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126576.
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A marked reduction in fertility and an increase in adverse reproductive outcomes during the last few decades have been associated with occupational and environmental chemical exposures. Exposure to different types of pesticides may increase the risks of chronic diseases, such as diabetes, cancer, and neurodegenerative disease, but also of reduced fertility and birth defects. Both occupational and environmental exposures to pesticides are important, as many are endocrine disruptors, which means that even very low-dose exposure levels may have measurable biological effects. The aim of this review was to summarize the knowledge collected between 2000 and 2020, to highlight new findings, and to further interpret the mechanisms that may associate pesticides with infertility, abnormal sexual maturation, and pregnancy complications associated with occupational, environmental and transplacental exposures. A summary of current pesticide production and usage legislation is also included in order to elucidate the potential impact on exposure profile differences between countries, which may inform prevention measures. Recommendations for the medical surveillance of occupationally exposed populations, which should be facilitated by the biomonitoring of reduced fertility, is also discussed.
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Moradpour, Zahra, and Seyed Alireza Mosavi Jarrahi. "Job Exposure Matrix: Occupational Exposure Assessment to Carcinogenic Compounds." Asian Pacific Journal of Environment and Cancer 6, no. 1 (March 2, 2023): 49–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31557/apjec.2023.6.1.49-51.
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The Job Exposure Matrix (JEM) is a cross-tabulation of workplace and job title hazards and is an essential exposure assessment tool for epidemiological studies, cancer risk monitoring, cancer risk prevention, and cancer risk quantification in health research and occupational safety. The matrices are designed based on two population-based and industry-based approaches. In the population-based matrix, all occupations of a population are recorded, and in the industry-specific matrix, the occupations in one or more industries are recorded. Exposure to carcinogens factors is measured based on the type of exposure, taking into account three factors including intensity, period and frequency of exposure. Using job exposure matrix in epidemiological studies is easier than other traditional exposure assessment methods and leads to more saving of resources, and sometimes it is the only possible way to analyze causal relationships in very large databases.
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Delabre, Laurène, Loïc Garras, Marie Houot, and Corinne Pilorget. "O1D.4 Occupational exposure to formaldehyde in france in 2015." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 76, Suppl 1 (April 2019): A10.1—A10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem-2019-epi.26.
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ContextFormaldehyde has been used in a large range of activities for decades. It was classified as human carcinogenic in 2004 by the International Agency for Research on Cancer and in France, formaldehyde has been regulated as a carcinogen since 2007.The aim of this work is to describe the occupational exposure to formaldehyde in France in 2015 and to identify the most exposed activities.MethodA formaldehyde job-exposure matrix, developed under the MATGÉNÉ programme, provides an exhaustive and retrospective exposure assessment for all jobs in France. These data were linked with the 2015 French census, annually elaborated from 2013 to 2017, to estimate the occupational exposure prevalence by gender, occupation, industries and worker status.ResultsIn 2015, 90 000 workers were occupationally exposed to formaldehyde (3.5‰ of the French population at work), 60 600 (4.6‰) among men and 29 400 (2.4‰) among women.The industries with the highest prevalence exposure rate were for men veterinary area (8.8%), wood industries (7.7%) and agriculture (4.8%); for women, veterinary area (7.3%), fishing and aquaculture (5.3%) and agriculture (5.1%).The exposed workers are retrieved in agriculture (26%), healthcare sectors (13,5%) and specialized construction work (12%) for employees and agriculture (69.6%), specialized construction work (13.5%) and other personal services (8.1%) for people with worker status different (mostly self-employed).ConclusionThese results, the first describing the occupational exposure to formaldehyde in France, according to gender for the entire working population, show the importance of regulation in the variation of occupational exposure prevalence rates. This information will help in the surveillance of this occupational risk and to prioritize prevention actions.
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Bosson-Rieutort, Delphine, Philippe Sarazin, Dominique J. Bicout, Vikki Ho, and Jérôme Lavoué. "Occupational Co-exposures to Multiple Chemical Agents from Workplace Measurements by the US Occupational Safety and Health Administration." Annals of Work Exposures and Health 64, no. 4 (February 1, 2020): 402–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxaa008.
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Abstract Objectives The occupational environment represents an important source of exposures to multiplehazards for workers’ health. Although it is recognized that mixtures of agents may have differenteffects on health compared to their individual effects, studies generally focus on the assessment ofindividual exposures. Our objective was to identify occupational co-exposures occurring in the United States using the multi-industry occupational exposure databank of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). Methods Using OSHA’s Integrated Management Information System (IMIS), measurement data from workplace inspections occurring from 1979 to 2015 were examined. We defined a workplace situation (WS) by grouping measurements that occurred within a company, within the same occupation (i.e. job title) within 1 year. All agents present in each WS were listed and the resulting databank was analyzed with the Spectrosome approach, a methodology inspired by network science, to determine global patterns of co-exposures. The presence of an agent in a WS was defined either as detected, or measured above 20% of a relevant occupational exposure limit (OEL). Results Among the 334 648 detected exposure measurements of 105 distinct agents collected from 14 513 US companies, we identified 125 551 WSs, with 31% involving co-exposure. Fifty-eight agents were detected with others in >50% of WSs, 29 with a proportion >80%. Two clusters were highlighted, one for solvents and one for metals. Toluene, xylene, acetone, hexone, 2-butanone, and N-butyl acetate formed the basis of the solvent cluster. The main agents of the metal cluster were zinc, iron, lead, copper, manganese, nickel, cadmium, and chromium. 68 556 WS were included in the analyses based on levels of exposure above 20% of their OEL, with 12.4% of co-exposure. In this analysis, while the metal cluster remained, only the combinations of toluene with xylene or 2-butanone were frequently observed among solvents. An online web application allows the examination of industry specific patterns. Conclusions We identified frequent co-exposure situations in the IMIS databank. Using the spectrome approach, we revealed global combination patterns and the agents most often implicated. Future work should endeavor to explore the toxicological effects of prevalent combinations of exposures on workers’ health to prioritize research and prevention efforts.
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Drake-Lee, A., R. Ruckley, and A. Parker. "Occupational rhinitis: a poorly diagnosed condition." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 116, no. 8 (August 2002): 580–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/00222150260171533.
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The civil claim of occupational rhinitis may be difficult to prove on the balance of probabilities and is the responsibility of the claimant. There are two types of occupational rhinitis, an allergic rhinitis or a rhinitis due to irritation. Occupational rhinitis can be likened to occupational asthma. Particular attention must be paid to the relationship to alleged exposure and symptoms. Irritation causes symptoms during exposure that cease afterwards unless clinically obvious damage has occurred. Tobacco smoke and nicotine may also cause symptoms. A full examination, both externally and internally of the nose, mouth and eyes should be undertaken. The presence of squamous metaplasia is important. The validity of a claimant’s symptoms must be checked against the medical records. Details of all occupations, compounds and protection should be noted. Manufacturing data on the compounds should also be obtained. The Health and Safety Executive publish occupational exposure limits for many industrial chemicals. Allergen-specific IgE may be raised when an allergy is considered to cause the occupational rhinitis. Nasal challenge tests have been used in Scandinavia to diagnose allergic occupational rhinitis. The sense of smell should be tested. There are two approaches, detecting threshold or recognition, which is suprathreshold. When present, three degrees of social effect occur: impairment, disability and handicap. The degree depends on the occupation of the individual.
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Filon, Francesca Larese, Marcella Mauro, Iris Zalaudek, and Francesca Rui. "O-128 OCCUPATIONAL AND BEHAVIORAL FACTORS IN NON-MELANOMA SKIN CANCER IN NORTH EAST OF ITALY." Occupational Medicine 74, Supplement_1 (July 1, 2024): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqae023.0763.
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Abstract Introduction Exposure to sunlight, to artificial UV-radiation and as arsenic or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons can cause non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSK). The majority of NMSK could be preventable by avoiding at-risk exposure. Objectives To analyze occupation, risk perception, UV exposure, preventive habits in 248 subjects affected by NMSC and 248 controls living in Trieste, North East of Italy. Methods Consecutive cases with incident NMSC and controls without skin cancers were recruited at University of Trieste. All had a medical examination and filled a standardized questionnaire on sun exposure habits, sun protection, occupational exposures, and sunburns in adulthood and childhood. Results In multivariate regression analysis, NMSC resulted significantly associated with age (OR: 1.02; 95% CI 1.00-1.05), low educational level (OR: 2.93; 95%CI 1.26-6.83), sunbath numbers per year (OR: 1.54; 95% CI: 1.35-1.74), history of solar burn during childhood (OR:1.28; CI95% 1.03-1.61) and occupations with UV exposure (OR 3.63: 95%CI 1.23-9.82). A protective effect was demonstrated for Fitzpatrick phototypes III-IV compared to I and II (OR: 0.22; 95% CI: 0.09-0.51). Increased risk was found for farmers, fishermen, bricklayers, welders, and drivers, but without reaching the statistical significance for each job. Discussion and conclusions/ In our study the role of behavioral habits, sun exposure and occupation resulted important factors in NMSC incidence. More effort are needed to prevent sun exposure without protection, increasing awareness about sun exposure risk, suggesting the use of protective creams, to organize outdoor work limiting sun exposure.
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Fournier, Lucie, Enora Cléro, Eric Samson, Sylvaine Caër-Lorho, Dominique Laurier, and Klervi Leuraud. "Impact of considering non-occupational radiation exposure on the association between occupational dose and solid cancer among French nuclear workers." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 75, no. 3 (October 21, 2017): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2017-104341.
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ObjectivesThe French nuclear worker cohort allows for the assessment of cancer risk associated with occupational radiation exposure, but workers are also exposed to medical and environmental radiation which can be of the same order of magnitude. This study aims to examine the impact of non-occupational radiation exposures on the dose-risk analysis between occupational radiation exposure and cancer mortality.MethodsThe cohort included workers employed before 1995 for at least one year by CEA, AREVA NC or EDF and badge-monitored for external radiation exposure. Monitoring results were used to calculate occupational individual doses. Scenarios of work-related X-ray and environmental exposures were simulated. Poisson regression was used to quantify associations between occupational exposure and cancer mortality adjusting for non-occupational radiation exposure.ResultsThe mean cumulative dose of external occupational radiation was 18.4 mSv among 59 004 workers. Depending on the hypotheses made, the mean cumulative work-related X-ray dose varied between 3.1 and 9.2 mSv and the mean cumulative environmental dose was around 130 mSv. The unadjusted excess relative rate of cancer per Sievert (ERR/Sv) was 0.34 (90% CI −0.44 to 1.24). Adjusting for environmental radiation exposure did not substantially modify this risk coefficient, but it was attenuated by medical exposure (ERR/Sv point estimate between 0.15 and 0.23).ConclusionsOccupational radiation risk estimates were lower when adjusted for work-related X-ray exposures. Environmental exposures had a very slight impact on the occupational exposure risk estimates. In any scenario of non-occupational exposure considered, a positive but insignificant excess cancer risk associated with occupational exposure was observed.
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Ahmad, Misbah, Iftkhar Ahmad, Aakif Ullah Khan, Amin Ali Khan, Kamran Ali Shah, and Jamil Ahmad. "Occupational radiation exposures for medical workers in Pakistan – An overview." Polish Journal of Medical Physics and Engineering 26, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjmpe-2020-0005.
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AbstractThe imperative use of ionizing radiation in medicine causes the inevitable occupational exposure of the medical workers during the course of routine duties. The magnitude of health risk due to such radiation exposures has been described in terms of occupational radiation doses. In this context, it is obligatory to monitor, measure and document the radiation dose of occupationally exposed medical workers. This study aims to review the whole-body occupational radiation exposures of medical workers in Pakistan. Specifically, online literature published during 2000-2018 was reviewed for the occupational radiation exposures of Pakistani medical workers. Analysis of the extracted personal dosimetry data revealed that the total number of monitored medical occupational workers was 26046. The range of total cumulative and annual average effective doses was 94-15785 Person-mSv and 0.66-7.37 mSv, respectively. A significant number of the workers (25477; ~98%) received an annual dose below 5 mSv, while only 18 workers received an occupational exposure exceeding the annual dose limit of 20 mSv. It is expected that this study will provide a useful reference for evaluating and improving radiation protection and safety policies in the country.
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Jacobsen, Gitte, Kurt Rasmussen, Anne Bregnhøj, Marléne Isaksson, Thomas L. Diepgen, and Ole Carstensen. "Causes of irritant contact dermatitis after occupational skin exposure: a systematic review." International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 95, no. 1 (October 19, 2021): 35–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00420-021-01781-0.
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Abstract Purpose Irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) is a major cause of occupational disease. The aim was to review the relation between exposure to occupational irritants and ICD and the prognosis of ICD. Methods Through a systematic search, 1516 titles were identified, and 48 studies were included in the systematic review. Results We found that the evidence for an association between ICD and occupational irritants was strong for wet work, moderate for detergents and non-alcoholic disinfectants, and strong for a combination. The highest quality studies provided limited evidence for an association with use of occlusive gloves without other exposures and moderate evidence with simultaneous exposure to other wet work irritants. The evidence for an association between minor ICD and exposure to metalworking fluids was moderate. Regarding mechanical exposures, the literature was scarce and the evidence limited. We found that the prognosis for complete healing of ICD is poor, but improves after decrease of exposure through change of occupation or work tasks. There was no substantial evidence for an influence of gender, age, or household exposures. Inclusion of atopic dermatitis in the analysis did not alter the risk of ICD. Studies were at risk of bias, mainly due to selection and misclassification of exposure and outcome. This may have attenuated the results. Conclusion This review reports strong evidence for an association between ICD and a combination of exposure to wet work and non-alcoholic disinfectants, moderate for metalworking fluids, limited for mechanical and glove exposure, and a strong evidence for a poor prognosis of ICD.
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Stokholm, Zara Ann, Mogens Erlandsen, Vivi Schlünssen, Ioannis Basinas, Jens Peter Bonde, Susan Peters, Jens Brandt, Jesper Medom Vestergaard, and Henrik Albert Kolstad. "A Quantitative General Population Job Exposure Matrix for Occupational Noise Exposure." Annals of Work Exposures and Health 64, no. 6 (April 21, 2020): 604–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxaa034.
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Abstract Occupational noise exposure is a known risk factor for hearing loss and also adverse cardiovascular effects have been suggested. A job exposure matrix (JEM) would enable studies of noise and health on a large scale. The objective of this study was to create a quantitative JEM for occupational noise exposure assessment of the general working population. Between 2001–2003 and 2009–2010, we recruited workers from companies within the 10 industries with the highest reporting of noise-induced hearing loss according to the Danish Working Environment Authority and in addition workers of financial services and children day care to optimize the range in exposure levels. We obtained 1343 personal occupational noise dosimeter measurements among 1140 workers representing 100 different jobs according to the Danish version of the International Standard Classification of Occupations 1988 (DISCO 88). Four experts used 35 of these jobs as benchmarks and rated noise levels for the remaining 337 jobs within DISCO 88. To estimate noise levels for all 372 jobs, we included expert ratings together with sex, age, occupational class, and calendar year as fixed effects, while job and worker were included as random effects in a linear mixed regression model. The fixed effects explained 40% of the total variance: 72% of the between-jobs variance, −6% of the between-workers variance and 4% of the within-worker variance. Modelled noise levels showed a monotonic increase with increasing expert score and a 20 dB difference between the highest and lowest exposed jobs. Based on the JEM estimates, metal wheel-grinders were among the highest and finance and sales professionals among the lowest exposed. This JEM of occupational noise exposure can be used to prioritize preventive efforts of occupational noise exposure and to provide quantitative estimates of contemporary exposure levels in epidemiological studies of health effects potentially associated with noise exposure.
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El-Zaemey, Sonia, Renee N. Carey, Ellie Darcey, Alison Reid, Deborah Catherine Glass, Geza P. Benke, Tim R. Driscoll, et al. "Prevalence of occupational exposure to asthmagens derived from animals, fish and/or shellfish among Australian workers." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 75, no. 4 (November 24, 2017): 310–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2017-104459.
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ObjectiveSeveral animal, fish and/or shellfish derived substances encountered in the workplace can initiate or exacerbate asthma. The aims of this study were: to produce a population-based estimate of the current prevalence of occupational exposure to animal, fish and/or shellfish derived asthmagens, to identify the main circumstances of exposures and to identify occupations with the highest proportions of exposed respondents.MethodsWe used data from the Australian Work Exposure Study-Asthma, a national telephone survey that investigated the current prevalence of occupational exposure to asthmagens among Australian workers. A web-based tool was used to collect job task information and assign exposure to asthmagens, including animal, fish and/or shellfish derived asthmagens. Prevalence ratios to determine risk factors for exposure were estimated using modified Poisson regression.ResultsOf the 4878 respondents, 12.4% were exposed to asthmagens derived from animals, fish and/or shellfish. Exposure to these asthmagens was significantly higher in workers residing in regional and remote areas, compared with major cities. The main circumstance of exposure to animal derived asthmagens was through cleaning up rat/mice infestations, while the main circumstance of exposure to fish and/or shellfish derived asthmagens was through preparing and cooking salmon. Occupational groups with the highest proportion of exposure to animal or fish and/or shellfish derived asthmagens were farmers/animal workers and food workers, respectively.ConclusionsThis is the first study investigating occupational exposure to animal, fish and/or shellfish derived asthmagens in a nationwide working population. The results of this study can be used to inform the direction of occupational interventions and policies to reduce work-related asthma.
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Lope, Virginia, Javier García-Pérez, Beatriz Pérez-Gómez, Ana María Pedraza-Flechas, Juan Alguacil, Mª Carmen González-Galarzo, Miguel Angel Alba, et al. "Occupational exposures and mammographic density in Spanish women." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 75, no. 2 (October 26, 2017): 124–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2017-104580.
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ObjectivesThe association between occupational exposures and mammographic density (MD), a marker of breast cancer risk, has not been previously explored. Our objective was to investigate the influence of occupational exposure to chemical, physical and microbiological agents on MD in adult women.MethodsThis is a population-based cross-sectional study based on 1476 female workers aged 45–65 years from seven Spanish breast cancer screening programmes. Occupational history was surveyed by trained staff. Exposure to occupational agents was assessed using the Spanish job-exposure matrix MatEmESp. Percentage of MD was measured by two radiologists using a semiautomatic computer tool. The association was estimated using mixed log-linear regression models adjusting for age, education, body mass index, menopausal status, parity, smoking, alcohol intake, type of mammography, family history of breast cancer and hormonal therapy use, and including screening centre and professional reader as random effects terms.ResultsAlthough no association was found with most of the agents, women occupationally exposed to perchloroethylene (eβ=1.51; 95% CI 1.04 to 2.19), ionising radiation (eβ=1.23; 95% CI 0.99 to 1.52) and mould spores (eβ=1.44; 95% CI 1.01 to 2.04) tended to have higher MD. The percentage of density increased 12% for every 5 years exposure to perchloroethylene or mould spores, 11% for every 5 years exposure to aliphatic/alicyclic hydrocarbon solvents and 3% for each 5 years exposure to ionising radiation.ConclusionsExposure to perchloroethylene, ionising radiation, mould spores or aliphatic/alicyclic hydrocarbon solvents in occupational settings could be associated with higher MD. Further studies are needed to clarify the accuracy and the reasons for these findings.
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Chen, Grace, Andrea ’t Mannetje, Jeroen Douwes, Leonard van den Berg, Dave McLean, Neil Pearce, Hans Kromhout, Wendyl D´Souza, and Melanie McConnell. "O6E.1 Self-report occupational exposures and mnd in new zealand." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 76, Suppl 1 (April 2019): A59.1—A59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem-2019-epi.158.
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BackgroundWe have reported previously the results on a New Zealand population based case-control study evaluating occupations as risk factors for MND. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between 11 different occupational exposure groups and the risk of MND by using self-reported job-related exposures.MethodsWe recruited 321 cases through the New Zealand Motor Neurone Disease Association and hospital discharges records, and 605 population controls from the Electoral Roll between 2013 and 2016. A standardized questionnaire was used to obtain information on personal and demographic details, lifestyle factors and a full occupational history with detailed workplaces exposures. Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals for MND. Analyses were adjusted for age, gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, education and smoking.ResultsSignificantly elevated risks for MND were observed for self- reported job related exposures to Fibres (OR=1.39, 95% CI 1.00–1.93); Fumigants (OR=2.44, 95% CI 1.35–4.23); Animal and Animal Products (OR=1.41, 95% CI 1.03–1.92); Other Chemicals (OR=1.53, 95% CI 1.14–2.05) and Fungicides/Insecticides/Herbicides/Timber Preservatives (OR=1.44, 95% CI 1.05–1.99)ConclusionsOur study shows various occupational related exposures with increased odds of MND. While study results need to be interpreted cautiously given the lack of direct exposure measures, these results, in particular exposure to Fumigants, Fungicides/Insecticides/Herbicides/ Timber Preservatives which were consistent with our previous results on agriculture occupations and MND risk. Future studies will have a particular focus on exposures specific for certain job tasks and dose-response relationships.
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Zyubina, L. Yu, L. A. Panacheva, L. A. Shpagina, N. P. Kareva, O. S. Kotova, M. A. Zueva, A. M. Gorobey, and N. V. Kamneva. "Evolutionary peculiarities of hematological syndromes and blood diseases from exposure to occupational hazards." Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology, no. 1 (March 14, 2019): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2019-1-45-50.
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The article presents evolutionary changes in occupationally related nonspecific and specific hematologic syndromes, occupational chronic intoxications and blood diseases due to contact with various occupational hazards mostly hematotropic ones, depending on length of service. The presented hematologic characteristics cover specific occupationally related microelement disorders and occupational chronic intoxications during primary diagnosis and in post-contact period. Findings areless occupational chronic chemical intoxications and blood disorders due to hematotropic occupational influences.
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Turner, Michelle C., Vivi Schlünssen, Gemma Castano-Vinyals, Lode Godderis, Malcolm Sim, Ingrid Sivesind Mehlum, and Manolis Kogevinas. "O3D.1 Omega-net inventory of occupational cohorts." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 76, Suppl 1 (April 2019): A27.1—A27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem-2019-epi.72.
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Europe currently has some of the most valuable occupational, industrial, and population cohorts worldwide. However, in recent years there has been limited coordination and promotion of European health research on occupation and employment. OMEGA-NET is a COST Action (2017–2021) funded by the EU, currently involving researchers from 29 European countries and an increasing number of near neighbour and international partner countries. The overarching concept is to create a network to advance i) collaboration of existing cohorts, ii) coordination and harmonisation of exposure assessment, and iii) facilitation of an integrated research strategy for occupational health in Europe. As part of this work, OMEGA-NET is currently building an online searchable ‘Inventory of Occupational Cohorts’. We will inventory epidemiological, occupational, population, and registry-based cohorts with data on occupational exposures and health effects. The inventory will include cohorts with data that is potentially accessible; that have collected information on occupation and/or industry or at least one occupational exposure; and have at least one follow-up point with health outcomes. Cohorts will be identified through systematic searches and personal records. An initial search identified more than sixty cohorts including more than 40 million persons with information on occupation. Researchers responsible for the cohorts will be contacted and asked to complete a web-based questionnaire. An online searchable ‘Inventory of Occupational Cohorts’ database will be developed to make the information publicly accessible and to facilitate researcher and policy-maker access to information from past and ongoing cohort studies. Users will be able to search for specific exposures and outcomes and extract basic information on the methodology of the cohorts. The OMEGA-NET Inventory of Occupational Cohorts will be the most comprehensive inventory of occupational cohorts worldwide and is expected to enhance scientific output from individual studies, and facilitate pooled studies, data sharing, and more efficient use of existing cohorts.