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Journal articles on the topic 'Occupational deprivation'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Whiteford, Gail. "Occupational Deprivation: Global Challenge in the New Millennium." British Journal of Occupational Therapy 63, no. 5 (May 2000): 200–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030802260006300503.

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Occupational deprivation is a relatively new term which describes a state in which people are precluded from opportunities to engage in occupations of meaning due to factors outside their control. As we face the new millennium, it seems likely that, due to widespread social and economic change as well as increasing civil unrest, occupational deprivation will be experienced by increasing numbers of people globally. This article describes the conceptual origins of occupational deprivation, presents definitions of the term and discusses specific populations that may be vulnerable to being occupationally deprived. Global, contextual issues of economic reform and technological advances are addressed with specific reference to these populations. Finally, consideration is given as to how an understanding of occupational deprivation is of relevance to occupational therapy and its concern with social and occupational justice.

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2

Whiteford, Gail. "Occupational deprivation and incarceration." Journal of Occupational Science 4, no. 3 (November 1997): 126–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14427591.1997.9686429.

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3

Molineux, Matthew L., and Gail Elizabeth Whiteford. "Prisons: From occupational deprivation to occupational enrichment." Journal of Occupational Science 6, no. 3 (November 1999): 124–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14427591.1999.9686457.

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4

Martin, Marion, Gaynor Sadlo, and Graham Stew. "Rethinking Occupational Deprivation and Boredom." Journal of Occupational Science 19, no. 1 (April 2012): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14427591.2011.640210.

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5

Oberai, Shashi. "Sleep Deprivation: An Occupational Therapist's Management." Indian Journal of Occupational Therapy 51, no. 2 (2019): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijoth.ijoth_12_19.

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6

Whiteford, Gail Elizabeth. "Understanding the Occupational Deprivation of Refugees: A Case Study from Kosovo." Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy 72, no. 2 (April 2005): 78–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000841740507200202.

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Background. Occupational deprivation as a concept has been presented and discussed in the occupational therapy and occupational science literature for the past several years. The discussion to date, however, has been largely exploratory and theoretical in nature. Purpose. This article represents the author's attempt to further understandings of occupational deprivation as a lived experience through research undertaken with Kosovar refugees living in Australia. Method and Result. The article focuses on the story of one of the participants of the study which is presented as a case study to illuminate aspects of occupational deprivation as a process occurring over time. The case study is interwoven with interpretive commentary, which serves to highlight key issues as to how occupational deprivation may be experienced by groups of people in different cultural, historic and societal contexts and how it may therefore be addressed by occupational therapists. Practice Implications. The article concludes with reflections on future directions with respect to both further research and professional action. In particular, the focus of professional action is oriented to a population-based approach.

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7

Kranz, Florence. "Occupational Deprivation – Weit entfernt von bedeutungsvollen Betätigungen." ergopraxis 11, no. 09 (September 2018): 10–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0629-9690.

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Es gibt Menschen, die nicht die Freiheit haben, die Dinge zu tun, die ihnen wichtig sind. Zum Beispiel weil sie im Gefängnis, im Pflegeheim oder auf der Flucht sind. Demnach können es äußere Umstände erschweren, sinnstiftenden Betätigungen nachzugehen.

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Wells, Shirley A. "Occupational Deprivation or Occupational Adaptation of Mexican Americans on Renal Dialysis." Occupational Therapy International 22, no. 4 (June 4, 2015): 174–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oti.1394.

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9

Whiteford, Gail. "From Occupational Deprivation to Social Inclusion: Retrospective Insights." British Journal of Occupational Therapy 74, no. 12 (December 2011): 545. http://dx.doi.org/10.4276/030802211x13232584581290.

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10

Hocking, Clare. "Working for citizenship: The dangers of occupational deprivation." Work 41, no. 4 (2012): 391–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/wor-2012-1316.

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11

Cockburn, Lynn. "Canadian Occupational Therapists' Contributions to Prisoners of War in World War II." Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy 72, no. 3 (June 2005): 183–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000841740507200306.

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Background. A small number of Canadian occupational therapists provided materials to prisoners of war who were experiencing occupational deprivation in German camps during World War II. Although the occupational therapy contribution was relatively minor relative to the overall efforts of assistance to prisoners of war, it represented dedication, commitment and further sacrifice at a time when occupational therapists faced difficult choices. Method. An historical research method approach was employed to gather information from primary sources found in the Canadian Association of Occupational Therapy archives. Secondary sources were also consulted to provide additional background information. This paper outlines the need and context for the response, method of organization, materials sent, challenges experienced, and impact that this effort had on both POWs and the occupational therapists themselves. Practice Implications. This account may inform and inspire current day occupational therapists who are considering the implications of occupational deprivation within frameworks of social and occupational justice.

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12

Arthanat, Sajay, C. Douglas Simmons, and Megan Favreau. "Exploring occupational justice in consumer perspectives on assistive technology." Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy 79, no. 5 (December 2012): 309–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2182/cjot.2012.79.5.7.

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Background. Occupational justice is an emerging paradigm in the provision of occupational therapy services. Assistive technology (AT) services, a key practice domain in occupational therapy, facilitate the participation of individuals with disabilities in all major occupations. Purpose. The goal of this study was to explore personal meanings of occupational justice among consumers of AT and to propose strategies that integrate values of occupational justice in AT services. Methods A content analysis of interviews with seven consumers of AT devices was employed. Themes relevant to the four conceptual definitions of occupational injustice, namely marginalization, alienation, deprivation, and imbalance, were identified. Findings. Four corresponding themes were inherent in the consumer experiences: ability to exercise choices through use of AT devices, using AT to achieve optimum occupational potential, empowerment through AT services, and personal relation to the AT device. Specific issues within these themes are classified and described according to the four conceptual definitions of occupational justice. Implications. The application of occupational justice is essential to promote client-centred AT services particularly in evaluation of needs, selection and acquisition of AT devices, and training and support for use of AT devices.

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13

Henrotin, J. B., M. Vaissière, M. Etaix, M. Dziurla, A. Radauceanu, S. Malard, and D. Lafon. "Deprivation, occupational hazards and perinatal outcomes in pregnant workers." Occupational Medicine 67, no. 1 (November 7, 2016): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqw148.

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14

Pearson, G. "Drugs and deprivation." Journal of the Royal Society of Health 116, no. 2 (April 1996): 113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/146642409611600212.

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15

Darawsheh, Wesam B. "Exploration of Occupational Deprivation Among Syrian Refugees Displaced in Jordan." American Journal of Occupational Therapy 73, no. 4 (May 31, 2019): 7304205030p1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2019.030460.

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16

Whiteford, Gail. "A concrete void: Occupational Deprivation and the Special Needs Inmate." Journal of Occupational Science 2, no. 2 (August 1995): 80–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14427591.1995.9686398.

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17

Pawluk, Mariela Soledad, Hebe Campaña, Monica Rittler, Fernando Adrián Poletta, Viviana R. Cosentino, Juan Antonio Gili, Lucas Gabriel Gimenez, and Jorge Santiago López Camelo. "Individual deprivation, regional deprivation, and risk for oral clefts in Argentina." Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública 41 (October 12, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26633/rpsp.2017.110.

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Objective. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of individual low socioeconomic status (SES) and deprived geographical area (GA) on the occurrence of isolated cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL±P) in Argentina. Methods. This case-control study included 577 newborns with isolated CL±P and 13 344 healthy controls, born between 1992 and 2001, from a total population of 546 129 births in 39 hospitals in Argentina. Census data on unsatisfied basic needs were used to establish the degree of geographical area deprivation. An SES index for each individual was established, using maternal age, gravidity, low paternal and maternal education, and low-level paternal occupation. Logistic regression was used to assess the effects of low SES and of deprived GA on CL±P. Results. A slightly increased risk of CL±P was observed in mothers with a low SES, while a deprived GA showed no effect. Native ancestry, acute maternal illnesses, and poor prenatal care were significant risk factors for CL±P for the mothers with low SES, after using propensity scores to adjust for the demographic characteristics in cases and controls. Conclusions. Low individual SES slightly increased the risk for CL±P, but a deprived GA did not have that effect. There was no interaction between individual SES and deprived GA. Factors related to low individual SES—including poor prenatal care, low parental education, lack of information, and lifestyle factors—should be primarily targeted as risk factors for CL±P rather than factors related to a deprived place of residence.

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18

Ford, Bruce, and Clare Ford. "SOCIAL DEPRIVATION AND THE HANDICAPPED CHILD." Australian Occupational Therapy Journal 21, no. 3 (August 27, 2010): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1630.1974.tb01000.x.

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19

Maier, Werner, and Lars Schwettmann. "Regionale Deprivation in Deutschland: Der ‚German Index of Multiple Deprivation (GIMD)‘." Public Health Forum 26, no. 4 (December 19, 2018): 376–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pubhef-2018-0085.

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Zusammenfassung Zahlreiche internationale Studien zeigen, dass Indizes Multipler Deprivation ein geeignetes Instrument zur Messung sozialräumlicher Effekte auf die Gesundheit der Bevölkerung und damit zur Sichtbarmachung sozialer Ungleichheiten darstellen. Auch für Deutschland liegt mit dem German Index of Multiple Deprivation ein derartiges etabliertes Werkzeug vor. Zukünftig sollten entsprechend fundierte Ergebnisse stärkere Berücksichtigung bei der Ressourcenallokation und medizinischen Bedarfsplanung finden.

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20

Pan, Yuesong, Tian Song, Ruoling Chen, Hao Li, Xingquan Zhao, Liping Liu, Chunxue Wang, Yilong Wang, and Yongjun Wang. "Socioeconomic deprivation and mortality in people after ischemic stroke: The China National Stroke Registry." International Journal of Stroke 11, no. 5 (March 24, 2016): 557–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747493016641121.

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Background Previous findings of the association between socioeconomic deprivation and mortality after ischemic stroke are inconsistent. There is a lack of data on the association with combined low education, occupational class, and income. We assessed the associations of three indicators with mortality. Methods We examined data from the China National Stroke Registry, recording all stroke patients occurred between September 2007 and August 2008. Baseline socioeconomic deprivation was measured using low levels of education at <6 years, occupation as manual laboring, and average family income per capita at ≤¥1000 per month. A total of 12,246 patients with ischemic stroke were analyzed. Results In a 12-month follow-up 1640 patients died. After adjustment for age, sex, cardiovascular risk factors, severity of stroke, and prehospital medications, odds ratio for mortality in patients with low education was 1.25 (95%CI 1.05–1.48), manual laboring 1.37 (1.09–1.72), and low income 1.19 (1.03–1.37). Further adjustment for acute care and medications in and after hospital made no substantial changes in these odds ratios, except a marginal significant odds ratio for low income (1.15, 0.99–1.33). The odds ratio for low income was 1.27 (1.01–1.60) within patients with high education. Compared with no socioeconomic deprivation, the odds ratio in patients with socioeconomic deprivation determined by any one indicator was 1.33 (1.11–1.59), by any two indicators 1.36 (1.10–1.69), and by all three indicators 1.56 (1.23–1.97). Conclusions There are significant inequalities in survival after ischemic stroke in China in terms of social and material forms of deprivation. General socioeconomic improvement, targeting groups at high risk of mortality is likely to reduce inequality in survival after stroke.

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21

Crawford, Emma, Merrill Turpin, Shoba Nayar, Emily Steel, and Jean-Louis Durand. "The structural-personal interaction: Occupational deprivation and asylum seekers in Australia." Journal of Occupational Science 23, no. 3 (March 2, 2016): 321–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14427591.2016.1153510.

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22

Player, David A. "The reality of deprivation." Health Education Journal 45, no. 2 (June 1986): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001789698604500201.

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23

Smith, Helen Claire. "‘Feel the Fear and Do it Anyway’: Meeting the Occupational Needs of Refugees and People Seeking Asylum." British Journal of Occupational Therapy 68, no. 10 (October 2005): 474–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030802260506801006.

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Refugees and people seeking asylum face a life in the United Kingdom that fosters occupational deprivation. Their needs may be significant, but occupational therapists often believe themselves unable to help refugees because they feel unready and ill prepared. A more positive approach can assist occupational therapists to acknowledge their anxieties in this regard and, by taking a proactive and informed stance, use their existing transferable skills to meet the needs of refugees in much the same way that they meet the needs of other clients.

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24

Folwell, K. "Single measures of deprivation." Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 49, Suppl 2 (December 1, 1995): S51—S56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech.49.suppl_2.s51.

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25

Fieldhouse, Jon. "Occupational Science and Community Mental Health: Using Occupational Risk Factors as a Framework for Exploring Chronicity." British Journal of Occupational Therapy 63, no. 5 (May 2000): 211–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030802260006300505.

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This article offers an overview of Wilcock's theories, from the field of occupational science, and relates them to the community care of people with severe mental health problems. Wilcock's occupational risk factors — imbalance, deprivation and alienation — are described and are seen to be reinforced both by the adaptive nature of this client group's problems and by the difficulties experienced by community-based services as they evolve to address the unfolding complexity of clients' needs. The potential for chronicity to be compounded and deepened in this way is highlighted, with particular reference to vocational and social disability, and the possible implications of a wider acknowledgement of occupational risk factors are discussed in relation to day-to-day practice and service configuration.

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26

Alpaev, D. V., V. V. Serikov, D. V. Sitovich, and O. E. Chernov. "Occupational disorders of diurnal biorhythms of locomotive crew workers." Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology, no. 1 (March 14, 2019): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2019-1-25-30.

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Introduction. Work of locomotive crew members (engine drivers and engine driver assistants) in railway transport is associated with exposure to complex of occupational hazards including psychoemotional stress and shiftwork (with night shifts) along with noise and vibration.Objective. To study influence of shift work (with irregular alternation of day and night shifts) on biorhythms disturbances in locomotive crew workers.Materials and methods. Polls, simulators of occupational activities with training complex «Cabin of engine driver EP1M», daily monitoring of blood pressure, statistic data processing by SPSS–20 software.Results. Findings are that 953 locomotive crew workers (94%) experienced sensations of temporary disorientation, slight dizziness, sleepiness, interpreted as monotony and sensor deprivation. 61% of the examinees demonstrated frustration signs, in 30% of the cases there were certain manifestations of mental ill-being — irritability, fatigue, weariness, absent-mindedness, anxiety; 27.2% of the testees experiences various sleep disorders; 13.8% of the workers complained of «light sleep», 2% of those — restless sleep, 0.6% — sleeplessness. In occupationally related biorhythms disturbance, the body undergoes occupational adaptation, with partial transformation for atypical schedule of sleep and wakefulness.Results. To preserve health, efforts should be aimed at adaptation to shifted occupational activities with safe adaptogenic medications, low-caloric diet for individuals working at irregular shifts, create conditions for adequate physical activity of the workers between shifts. Necessities also are individual norms for blood pressure parameters in engine drivers with night shiftwork, specification of antihypertensive treatment for patients with irregular shifted work.

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Wiemken, Timothy L., Ruth M. Carrico, Stephen P. Furmanek, Brian E. Guinn, William A. Mattingly, Paula Peyrani, and Julio A. Ramirez. "Socioeconomic Position and the Incidence, Severity, and Clinical Outcomes of Hospitalized Patients With Community-Acquired Pneumonia." Public Health Reports 135, no. 3 (March 31, 2020): 364–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033354920912717.

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Objectives The influence of socioeconomic disparities on adults with pneumonia is not well understood. The objective of our study was to evaluate the relationship between community-level socioeconomic position, as measured by an area deprivation index, and the incidence, severity, and outcomes among adults with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Methods This was an ancillary study of a population-based, prospective cohort study of patients hospitalized with CAP in Louisville, Kentucky, from June 1, 2013, through May 31, 2015. We used a race-specific, block group–level area deprivation index as a proxy for community-level socioeconomic position and evaluated it as a predictor of CAP incidence, CAP severity, early clinical improvement, 30-day mortality, and 1-year mortality. Results The cohort comprised 6349 unique adults hospitalized with CAP. CAP incidence per 100 000 population increased significantly with increasing levels of area deprivation, from 303 in tertile 1 (low deprivation), to 467 in tertile 2 (medium deprivation), and 553 in tertile 3 (high deprivation) ( P < .001). Adults in medium- and high-deprivation areas had significantly higher odds of severe CAP (tertile 2 odds ratio [OR] = 1.2 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.06-1.39]; tertile 3 OR = 1.4 [95% CI, 1.18-1.64] and 1-year mortality (tertile 2 OR = 1.3 [95% CI, 1.11-1.54], tertile 3 OR = 1.3 [95% CI, 1.10-1.64]) than adults in low-deprivation areas. Conclusions Compared with adults residing in low-deprivation areas, adults residing in high-deprivation areas had an increased incidence of CAP, and they were more likely to have severe CAP. Beyond 30 days of care, we identified an increased long-term mortality for persons in high-deprivation areas. Community-level socioeconomic position should be considered an important factor for research in CAP and policy decisions.

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28

Hussey, R., and T. Hennell. "It’s not just deprivation." Public Health 125, no. 2 (February 2011): 114–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2010.08.016.

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29

Kielsgaard, Kamilla, Hanne Kaae Kristensen, and Dorthe S. Nielsen. "Everyday life and occupational deprivation in single migrant mothers living in Denmark." Journal of Occupational Science 25, no. 1 (January 2, 2018): 19–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14427591.2018.1445659.

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30

Peter, J. H., W. Cassell, B. Ehrig, M. Faust, E. Fuchs, P. Langanke, K. Meinzer, and U. Pfaff. "Occupational performance of a paced secondary task under conditions of sensory deprivation." European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology 60, no. 4 (May 1990): 309–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00379402.

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Peter, J. H., W. Cassel, B. Ehrig, M. Faust, E. Fuchs, P. Langanke, K. Meinzer, and U. Pfaff. "Occupational performance of a paced secondary task under conditions of sensory deprivation." European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology 60, no. 4 (May 1990): 315–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00379403.

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32

Miralles, Pedro Moruno, Nieves Cedenilla Ramón, and Sandra Aranda Valero. "Adolescents with Cancer and Occupational Deprivation in Hospital Settings: A Qualitative Study." Hong Kong Journal of Occupational Therapy 27, no. 1 (June 2016): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hkjot.2016.05.001.

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33

Kontopantelis, Evangelos, Mamas A. Mamas, Harm van Marwijk, Iain Buchan, Andrew M. Ryan, and Tim Doran. "Increasing socioeconomic gap between the young and old: temporal trends in health and overall deprivation in England by age, sex, urbanity and ethnicity, 2004–2015." Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 72, no. 7 (March 19, 2018): 636–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2017-209895.

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BackgroundAt a low geographical level, little is known about the associations between population characteristics and deprivation, and their trends, which would be directly affected by the house market, labour pressures and government policies. We describe temporal trends in health and overall deprivation in England by age, sex, urbanity and ethnicity.MethodsRepeated cross-sectional whole population study for England, 2004–2015, at a low geographical level (average 1500 residents). We calculated weighted medians of the Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) for each subgroup of interest.ResultsOver time, we observed increases in relative deprivation for people aged under 30, and aged 30–59, while median deprivation decreased for those aged 60 or over. Subgroup analyses indicated that relative overall deprivation was consistently higher for young adults (aged 20–29) and infants (aged 0–4), with increases in deprivation for the latter. Levels of overall deprivation in 2004 greatly varied by ethnicity, with the lowest levels observed for White British and the highest for Blacks. Over time, small reductions were observed in the deprivation gap between White British and all other ethnic groups. Findings were consistent across overall IMD and its health and disability subdomain, but large regional variability was also observed.ConclusionsGovernment policies, the financial crisis of 2008, education funding and the increasing cost of houses relative to real wages are important parameters in interpreting our findings. Socioeconomic deprivation is an important determinant of health and the inequalities this work highlights may have significant implications for future fiscal and healthcare policy.

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Taylor, Andrew J., Mark Langdon, and Peter Campion. "Smuggled tobacco, deprivation and addiction." European Journal of Public Health 15, no. 4 (July 4, 2005): 399–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/cki006.

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Kontopantelis, Evangelos, Mamas A. Mamas, Harm van Marwijk, Andrew M. Ryan, Iain E. Buchan, Darren M. Ashcroft, and Tim Doran. "Geographical epidemiology of health and overall deprivation in England, its changes and persistence from 2004 to 2015: a longitudinal spatial population study." Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 72, no. 2 (December 20, 2017): 140–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2017-209999.

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BackgroundSocioeconomic deprivation is a key determinant for health. In England, the Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) is a widely used composite measure of deprivation. However, little is known about its spatial clustering or persistence across time.MethodsData for overall IMD and its health domain were analysed for 2004–2015 at a low geographical area (average of 1500 people). Levels and temporal changes were spatially visualised for the whole of England and its 10 administrative regions. Spatial clustering was quantified using Moran’s I, correlations over time were quantified using Pearson’s r.ResultsBetween 2004 and 2015 we observed a strong persistence for both overall (r=0.94) and health-related deprivation (r=0.92). At the regional level, small changes were observed over time, but with areas slowly regressing towards the mean. However, for the North East, North West and Yorkshire, where health-related deprivation was the highest, the decreasing trend in health-related deprivation reversed and we noticed increases in 2015. Results did not support our hypothesis of increasing spatial clustering over time. However, marked regional variability was observed in both aggregate deprivation outcomes. The lowest autocorrelation was seen in the North East and changed very little over time, while the South East had the highest autocorrelation at all time points.ConclusionsOverall and health-related deprivation patterns persisted in England, with large and unchanging health inequalities between the North and the South. The spatial aspect of deprivation can inform the targeting of health and social care interventions, particularly in areas with high levels of deprivation clustering.

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Ichihara, Maria Yury Travassos, Dandara Ramos, Poliana Rebouças, Flávia Jôse Oliveira, Andrêa J. F. Ferreira, Camila Teixeira, Mirjam Allik, et al. "Area deprivation measures used in Brazil." Revista de Saúde Pública 52 (August 30, 2018): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2018052000933.

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OBJECTIVE: To describe and assess currently used area-based measures of deprivation in Brazil for health research, to the purpose of informing the development of a future small area deprivation index. METHODS: We searched five electronic databases and seven websites of Brazilian research institutions and governmental agencies. Inclusion criteria were: studies proposing measures of deprivation for small areas (i.e., finer geography than country-level) in Brazil, published in English, Portuguese or Spanish. After data-extraction, results were tabulated according to the area level the deprivation measure was created for and to the dimensions of deprivation or poverty included in the measures. A narrative synthesis approach was used to summarize the measures available, highlighting their utility for public health research. RESULTS: A total of 7,199 records were retrieved, 126 full-text articles were assessed after inclusion criteria and a final list of 30 articles was selected. No small-area deprivation measures that have been applied to the whole of Brazil were found. Existing measures were mainly used to study infectious and parasitic diseases. Few studies used the measures to assess inequalities in mortality and no studies used the deprivation measure to evaluate the impact of social programs. CONCLUSIONS: No up-to-date small area-based deprivation measure in Brazil covers the whole country. There is a need to develop such an index for Brazil to measure and monitor inequalities in health and mortality, particularly to assess progress in Brazil against the Sustainable Development Goal targets for different health outcomes, showing progress by socioeconomic groups

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Pulford, Andrew, Ruth Gordon, Lesley Graham, James Lewsey, Gerry McCartney, and Mark Robinson. "Do patients who die from an alcohol-related condition ‘drift’ into areas of greater deprivation? Alcohol-related mortality and health selection theory in Scotland." Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 72, no. 2 (December 7, 2017): 109–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2017-209790.

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BackgroundHealth selection has been proposed to explain the patterning of alcohol-related mortality by area deprivation. This study investigated whether persons who die from alcohol-related conditions are more likely to experience social drift than those who die from other causes.MethodsDeaths recorded in Scotland (2013, >21 years) were coded as ‘alcohol-related’ or ‘other’ and by deprivation decile of residence at death. Acute hospital admissions data from 1996 to 2012 were used to provide premortality deprivation data. χ² tests estimated the difference between observed and expected alcohol-related deaths by first Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD) decile and type of death. Logistic regression models were fitted using type of death as the outcome of interest and change in SIMD decile as the exposure of interest.ResultsOf 47 012 deaths, 1458 were alcohol-related. Upward and downward mobility was observed for both types of death. An estimated 31 more deaths than expected were classified ‘alcohol-related’ among cases whose deprivation score decreased, while 204 more deaths than expected were classified ‘alcohol-related’ among cases whose initial deprivation ranking was in the four most deprived deciles. Becoming more deprived and first deprivation category were both associated with increased odds of type of death being alcohol-related after adjusting for confounders.ConclusionThis study suggests that health selection appears to contribute less to the deprivation gradient in alcohol-related mortality in Scotland than an individual’s initial area deprivation category.

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McCall, Stephen J., David R. Green, Gary J. Macfarlane, and Sohinee Bhattacharya. "Spontaneous very preterm birth in relation to social class, and smoking: a temporal-spatial analysis of routinely collected data in Aberdeen, Scotland (1985–2010)." Journal of Public Health 42, no. 3 (May 24, 2019): 534–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdz042.

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Abstract Objective To examine trends of spontaneous very preterm birth (vPTB) and its relationship with maternal socioeconomic status and smoking. Methods This was a population-based cohort study in Aberdeen Maternity Hospital, UK. The cohort was restricted to spontaneous singleton deliveries occurring in Aberdeen from 1985 to 2010. The primary outcome was very preterm birth which was defined as <32 weeks gestation and the comparison group was deliveries ≥37 weeks of gestation. The main exposures were parental Social Class based on Occupation, Carstairs’ deprivation index and smoking during pregnancy. Logistic regression was used to estimate the association between vPTB and the exposures. Results There was an increased likelihood of vPTB in those with unskilled-occupations compared to professional-occupations [aOR:2.77 (95%CI:1.54–4.99)], in those who lived in the most deprived areas compared to those in the most affluent [aOR: 2.16 (95% CI: 1.27–3.67)] and in women who smoked compared to those who did not [aOR: 1.74 (95% CI: 1.36-2.21)]. The association with Carstairs index was no longer statistically significant when restricted to smokers but remained significant when restricted to non-smokers. Conclusion The strongest risk factor for vPTB was maternal smoking while socioeconomic deprivation showed a strong association in non-smokers. Smoking cessation interventions may reduce vPTB. Modifiable risk factors should be explored in deprived areas.

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Lawlor, D. A. "Deprivation and excess winter mortality." Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 53, no. 12 (December 1, 1999): 807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech.53.12.807.

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Shah, S., and J. Peacock. "Deprivation and excess winter mortality." Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 53, no. 8 (August 1, 1999): 499–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech.53.8.499.

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Thunhurst, C. "Deprivation and Health in Scotland." Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 46, no. 1 (February 1, 1992): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech.46.1.87.

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Luben, Robert, Shabina Hayat, Anthony Khawaja, Nicholas Wareham, Paul P. Pharoah, and Kay-Tee Khaw. "Residential area deprivation and risk of subsequent hospital admission in a British population: the EPIC-Norfolk cohort." BMJ Open 9, no. 12 (December 2019): e031251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031251.

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ObjectivesTo investigate whether residential area deprivation index predicts subsequent admissions to hospital and time spent in hospital independently of individual social class and lifestyle factors.DesignProspective population-based study.SettingThe European Prospective Investigation into Cancer in Norfolk (EPIC-Norfolk) study.Participants11 214 men and 13 763 women in the general population, aged 40–79 years at recruitment (1993–1997), alive in 1999.Main outcome measureTotal admissions to hospital and time spent in hospital during a 19-year time period (1999–2018).ResultsCompared to those with residential Townsend Area Deprivation Index lower than the average for England and Wales, those with a higher than average deprivation index had a higher likelihood of spending >20 days in hospital multivariable adjusted OR 1.18 (95% CI 1.07 to 1.29) and having 7 or more admissions OR 1.11 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.22) after adjustment for age, sex, smoking status, education, social class and body mass index. Occupational social class and educational attainment modified the association between area deprivation and hospitalisation; those with manual social class and lower education level were at greater risk of hospitalisation when living in an area with higher deprivation index (p-interaction=0.025 and 0.020, respectively), while the risk for non-manual and more highly educated participants did not vary greatly by area of residence.ConclusionResidential area deprivation predicts future hospitalisations, time spent in hospital and number of admissions, independently of individual social class and education level and other behavioural factors. There are significant interactions such that residential area deprivation has greater impact in those with low education level or manual social class. Conversely, higher education level and social class mitigated the association of area deprivation with hospital usage.

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Elgar, Frank J., Natale Canale, Michael J. A. Wohl, Michela Lenzi, and Alessio Vieno. "Relative deprivation and disordered gambling in youths." Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 72, no. 7 (March 7, 2018): 589–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2017-209858.

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BackgroundPrevious research has found that area-level income inequality and individual-level relative deprivation both contribute to disordered gambling in adults. However, the socioeconomic factors that contribute to disordered gambling in youths and protective factors in their social environment have not been fully explored. This study examined the association between relative deprivation and youth disordered gambling and the potential moderating role of social support in this association.MethodsWe used data on family material assets and self-reported symptoms of disordered gambling symptoms in 19 321 participants of the 2013/2014 Italian Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study. Relative deprivation was measured using the Yitzhaki index and classmates as a social reference group. Its association with disordered gambling was tested using multilevel negative binomial regression analyses. We also tested moderated effects of relative deprivation on disordered gambling by four sources of social support: families, peers, teachers and classmates.ResultsRelative deprivation related to a fourfold increase in the rate of disordered gambling symptoms (incidence rate ratio=4.18) after differences in absolute family wealth and other variables were statistically controlled. Symptoms were also more prevalent in males, first-generation immigrants and less supported youth. Peer support moderated the association between relative deprivation and symptoms, suggesting that high deprivation and low peer support have interactive links to disordered gambling.ConclusionRelative deprivation among classmates relate to youth symptoms of disordered gambling. Youth who live in economically unequal settings and perceive a lack of social support may be at greatest risk.

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Senior, Steven L. "Using hierarchical clustering to explore patterns of deprivation among English local authorities." Journal of Public Health 42, no. 4 (December 28, 2019): 772–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdz182.

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Abstract Background The English Indices of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) is widely used as a measure of deprivation. However, similarly ranked areas can differ substantially in the underlying domains of deprivation. These domains contain a richer set of data that might be useful for classifying local authorities. Clustering methods offer a set of techniques to identify groups of areas with similar patterns of deprivation. Methods Hierarchical agglomerative (i.e. bottom-up) clustering methods were applied to domain scores for 152 upper tier local authorities. Advances in statistical testing allow clusters to be identified that are unlikely to have arisen from random partitioning of a homogeneous group. The resulting clusters are described in terms of their subdomain scores and basic geographic and demographic characteristics. Results Five statistically significant clusters of local authorities were identified. These clusters only partially reflect different levels of overall deprivation. In particular, two clusters share similar overall IMD scores but have contrasting patterns of deprivation. Conclusion Hierarchical clustering methods identify five distinct clusters that do not correspond closely to quintiles of deprivation. This approach may help to distinguish between places that face similar underlying challenges, and places that appear similar in terms of overall deprivation scores, but that face different challenges.

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Bach-Mortensen, Anders Malthe, and Michelle Degli Esposti. "Is area deprivation associated with greater impacts of COVID-19 in care homes across England? A preliminary analysis of COVID-19 outbreaks and deaths." Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 75, no. 7 (February 8, 2021): 624–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2020-215039.

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IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately impacted care homes and vulnerable populations, exacerbating existing health inequalities. However, the role of area deprivation in shaping the impacts of COVID-19 in care homes is poorly understood. We examine whether area deprivation is linked to higher rates of COVID-19 outbreaks and deaths among care home residents across upper tier local authorities in England (n=149).MethodsWe constructed a novel dataset from publicly available data. Using negative binomial regression models, we analysed the associations between area deprivation (Income Deprivation Affecting Older People Index (IDAOPI) and Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) extent) as the exposure and COVID-19 outbreaks, COVID-19-related deaths and all-cause deaths among care home residents as three separate outcomes—adjusting for population characteristics (size, age composition, ethnicity).ResultsCOVID-19 outbreaks in care homes did not vary by area deprivation. However, COVID-19-related deaths were more common in the most deprived quartiles of IDAOPI (incidence rate ratio (IRR): 1.23, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.47) and IMD extent (IRR: 1.16, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.34), compared with the least deprived quartiles.DiscussionThese findings suggest that area deprivation is a key risk factor in COVID-19 deaths among care home residents. Future research should look to replicate these results when more complete data become available.

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Taylor, A., and K. K. Cheng. "Social deprivation and breast cancer." Journal of Public Health 25, no. 3 (September 1, 2003): 228–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdg072.

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White, E., A. Wilson, S. A. Greene, W. Berry, C. McCowan, A. Cairns, and I. Ricketts. "Growth Screening and Urban Deprivation." Journal of Medical Screening 2, no. 3 (September 1995): 140–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096914139500200308.

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Objectives — To assess the effect of urban deprivation on childhood growth in a modern British society by analysing data from a regional growth survey, the Tayside growth study. Setting — The Tayside Region in Scotland, which has three districts with distinct socioeconomic status: Dundee (D, urban city), Angus (A, rural), and Perth (P, rural and county town). Subjects and methods — Height and weight of 23 046 children (>90% of the regional childhood population) were measured as part of a child health surveillance programme, by community health care workers at 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, and 14 years. Height standard deviation score (calculated against Tanner) and body mass index (BMI-weight (kg)/height (m)2) were calculated for each child by a central computer program; mean height standard deviation score and BMI standard deviation score were calculated for each measuring centre (school, health clinic). A deprivation score for each centre was calculated from the prevalence of single parent families; families with more than three children; unemployment rate; the number of social class V individuals; the percentage of council houses. Results — Mean height standard deviation score for Tayside was 0·11. An intra-regional difference was demonstrated: mean height standard deviation score (SD) D = 0·04 (1·0); A = 0·14 (1·1); P = 0·21 (1·1); P<0·002. There was a positive association between short stature and increasing social deprivation seen throughout Tayside (P<0·05), with a strong association in Dundee primary school children (r = 0·6; P<0·001). Analysis by district showed that the association was significant only above the age of 8 (P<0·004). There was no relation between BMI and social deprivation. Conclusions — In an industrialised developed society, urban deprivation appears to influence height mostly in late childhood, and this association should be taken into consideration in the clinical management of short stature. Height seems to be a better physical indicator of urban deprivation, and hence an index of childhood health, than BMI.

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Chung, Gary Ka-Ki, Roger Yat-Nork Chung, Dicken Cheong-Chun Chan, Francisco Tsz-Tsun Lai, Hung Wong, Maggie Ka-Wai Lau, Samuel Yeung-Shan Wong, and Eng-Kiong Yeoh. "The independent role of deprivation in abdominal obesity beyond income poverty. A population-based household survey in Chinese adults." Journal of Public Health 41, no. 3 (September 12, 2018): 476–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdy161.

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Abstract Background Individual-level deprivation takes into account the non-monetary aspects of poverty that neither income poverty nor socio-economic factors could fully capture; however, it has rarely been considered in existing studies on social inequality in obesity. Therefore, we examined the associations of deprivation, beyond income poverty, with both general and abdominal obesity. Methods A territory-wide two-stage stratified random sample of 2282 community-dwelling Hong Kong adults was surveyed via face-to-face household interviews between 2014 and 2015. Deprivation was assessed by a Deprivation Index specific to the Hong Kong population. General obesity was defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2, while abdominal obesity was defined as waist circumference (WC) ≥ 90 cm/80 cm for male/female. Multivariable binary logistic regressions were performed. Results Deprivation was independently associated with abdominal obesity (odds ratios (OR) = 1.68; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.27–2.22); however, no significant association was found with general obesity (OR=1.03; CI: 0.77–1.38). After additional adjustment for BMI, deprivation remained strongly associated with abdominal obesity (OR=2.00; CI: 1.41–2.83); and after further adjustment for WC, deprivation had a marginal inverse association with general obesity (OR=0.72; CI: 0.51–1.01). Conclusions Deprivation is an important risk factor of abdominal obesity and plays a critical role in capturing the preferential abdominal fat deposition beyond income poverty.

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Ballan, Michelle S., and Molly Freyer. "Occupational Deprivation Among Female Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence Who Have Physical Disabilities." American Journal of Occupational Therapy 74, no. 4 (May 21, 2020): 7404345010p1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2020.038398.

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Sukholentsev, A. N., A. I. Кraisvitniy, V. B. Kovalchuk, V. P. Cherniy, and N. D. Kovalchuk. "Sleep disturbances and related occupational diseases in Ukrainian firefighters." Biomedical and Biosocial Anthropology, no. 33 (December 27, 2018): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31393/bba33-2018-4.

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Sleep deprivation is one of the main professionally determined factors for firefighters which can decrease their executive functioning and contribute to an array of health problems in them, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and depression mood disorders. The aim of this research is to gather preliminary data regarding the health of Ukrainian, with a focus on sleep quality indicators. Sleep-deprived participants in our research study were identified using such questionnaires as PSQI, ISI, ESS, SSS, FSS, and BQSA. Statistical processing of the data was carried out with the aid of Fisher's exact test, a statistical tool which is widely used in medical researches when the expected numbers are small. The obtained results confirm the presence of certain regularities. First, typical for the firefighting profession sleep disorders were detected among workers of operatively rescue service of Kropyvnitskiy city: including daytime fatigue, low sleep quality, insomnia, apnea, restless leg syndrome, low alertness, daytime sleepiness. Secondly, individuals suffering from sleep deprivation are at a higher risk for developing certain cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, depressive disorders, including increased impulsivity and overall lack of executive functioning. Thirdly, the importance of early detection and treatment for sleep disorders as a protective measure against the development of the aforementioned diseases has been stressed in our study. Sleep hygiene education should be provided to Ukrainian firefighters. It could influence them to make better choices related to their sleep, which would subsequently impact other areas of their health and wellbeing. Annual research studies concerning firefighters' sleep quality should be conducted in Ukraine on a regular basis with the aim to accumulate relevant statistics on the topic under consideration.

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