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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Occupation Choice'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Geigner, Charles L. Hines Edward R. "Women and occupational choice a comparison of women in computing to women in a traditional female occupation /." Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p3064481.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Illinois State University, 2001.
Title from title page screen, viewed April 6, 2006. Dissertation Committee: Edward R. Hines (chair), Galen B. Crow, Mohamed Nurawaleh, David A. Strand, William L. Tolone. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 134-144) and abstract. Also available in print.
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2

Shin, Ja Eun. "Three essays in labor and health economics: individual decisions on occupation, labor supply, and demand for heatlh." Diss., Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2220.

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In this dissertation, I examine individual decisions in occupational choice, labor supply, and health care utilization. Occupational choice decisions of female college graduates on whether to teach or not are analyzed to understand the role of fertility and relative wages using a panel estimation method. I also compare the behavioral changes in the labor force participation among teachers and non-teachers conditional on the presence of a new-born baby. Using the human capital model where a worker decides her hours of work responding to wages, and her human capital is accumulated proportional to her hours of work, I predict that the positive relationship between entry wages and post wages. Empirical evidence suggests that the shock in entry wages may be attributed to post wage differentials. I examine individuals?? choice of health insurance plan and utilization of health care services. Empirical evidence shows that there is favorable self-selection into health maintenance organizations (HMOs) plans and that HMO members use more of office-based and hospital outpatient services. It suggests ineffectiveness of HMO plans in reducing utilization.
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3

Martin, Kyle Thomas. "Type A Behavior Pattern: Its Relationship to the Holland Types and the Career Choice Process." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1989. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332013/.

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The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of the Type A behavior pattern to Holland's occupational types and the career choice process. The Type A behavior pattern is characterized by high levels of achievement striving, time urgency, chronic activation and hostility, and is an independent risk factor in the development of coronary heart disease. It was hypothesized that Type A college students would be more attracted than Type B individuals to aspects of a future work environment which would reinforce their Type A behaviors. Previous research had suggested a relationship between the Type A behavior pattern and Holland's Enterprising and Investigative types (Martin, 1986). This study sought to replicate those findings, and further examine the nature of the Type A/B-Holland types relationship. Data were collected from undergraduate students in a variety of academic fields of study. Subjects completed a questionnaire packet consisting of the student version of the Jenkins Activity Survey (Jenkins, Rosenman, and Zyzanski, 1965; Glass, 1977), the Vocational Preference Inventory (Holland, 1985b), and a modified version of the Minnesota Job Description Questionnaire (Rosen, et al., 1972) . The findings demonstrated that the Type A/B pattern is a significant factor in the career choice process. Type A's and Type B's had different levels of attraction to several aspects of a work environment in anticipating a career choice. The study also revealed that Type A/B pattern and the Holland types play separate roles in the career choice process. Implications of the study and future research directions are discussed.
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4

Everhart, C. Bonnie. "Gender differences in the choice of coaching as an occupation: the role of self-efficacy, valence and perceived barriers." The Ohio State University, 1994. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1341327245.

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5

Carlsson, Johanna. "A study of generations, choice of occupation and the possible influences it can have on an individual’s ecological behaviour in everyday life." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Life Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-1705.

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Environmental consciousness among the Swedish population has considerably increased over the last decade. However, to be concerned with environmental questions does not automatically lead to greater ecological awareness and behaviour in everyday life. It is, according to previous research findings, important to consider aspects of socialisation and the structural aspect of social life in order to understand the different individual expressions of ecological behaviour. De-emphasised importance of individual social backgrounds regarding an individual’s choices towards a more environmentally friendly lifestyle is therefore, according to several previous research findings, surprising. However, considering the major increased environmental consciousness among the Swedish population that has been shown, the objective of my master thesis was to analyse whether environment has become an area that engages all kinds of individuals, despite social backgrounds. Within the study, the two social factors that have been considered in most depth were generation and occupation. In order to get a deeper understanding of how people in Sweden view the individual responsibilities within the work towards a healthier environment, a literature study as well as an interview study was conducted. In the interview study, which was performed in Umeå, Sweden, interviews with scientists and day nurses born in the fifties and seventies were made. When considering the possible influences that generation and choice of occupation have on the individual’s choices towards a more environmentally friendly lifestyle, the result of my interview study did not indicate a direct relation between generation and occupation in one instance and rate of ecological behaviour in another. Instead individual differences among the scientists and day nurses from both considered generations were visible.


Miljömedvetenheten hos den svenska befolkningen har vuxit betydligt under det senaste årtiondet. Men att vara miljömedveten leder inte automatiskt till ett ekologiskt beteende i individers vardag. Enligt tidigare forskning är det viktigt att undersöka strukturella aspekter av socialisering, samt aspekter av det sociala livet för att närmare förstå olika individuella uttryck av ekologiskt beteende. Att den individuella sociala bakgrunden har mindre betydelse för en individs val av en mer miljövänlig livsstil ter sig därför överraskande enligt ett flertal tidigare forskningsresultat. Men, med tanke på den allt mer växande miljömedvetenheten hos den svenska befolkningen var syftet med min examensuppsats att undersöka om miljö har blivit ett område som engagerar alla individer bortsett från sociala bakgrunder. De två sociala faktorerna som undersöktes mer ingående i studien var generationstillhörighet och yrke. För att få en närmare förståelse av hur människor i Sverige ser på individens ansvar inom miljöarbetet utfördes en intervjustudie samt en litteraturstudie. I intervjustudien som utfördes i Umeå, Sverige, intervjuades forskare och förskollärare som var födda på femtiotalet och sjuttiotalet. Min intervjustudie visade inte en direkt relation mellan generationstillhörighet och yrke å ena sidan och grad av ekologiskt beteende å andra sidan. Istället, var individuella skillnader hos forskarna och förskollärarna födda på femtiotalet och sjuttiotalet synliga.

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6

Ouaras, Hakim. "Contribution à la modélisation de l'intégration Transport-Occupation du sol et évaluation de projets d'investissement dans une optique du développement durable." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CERG0540/document.

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La modélisation est un moyen qui permet de prévoir le comportement futur de différents phénomènes. Dans la planification urbaine elle est aussi utilisée pour aider les planificateurs à faire face aux multiples défis d'urbanisme. Le système urbain est tellement complexe qu'il n'est pas possible de prévoir avec exactitude le comportement de différents agents. L'économie urbaine a tenté d'apporter certaines explications, mais elle reste insuffisante pour cerner toutes les interactions qui existent entre les différents agents. L'objet de ma thèse rentre dans le cadre de cette problématique, elle est structurée en deux parties. Dans la première nous traitons de la modélisation des interactions entre transport (urbain) et occupation du sol (urbanisation), c'est une étude à l'échelle microéconomique, et la deuxième porte sur l'analyse des émissions polluantes des transports et évaluation des projets de transport interurbain dans le cadre du développement durable, cela est traité à un niveau plus agrégé. Les applications sont menées sur la région l'Île-de-France.Dans la première partie nous procédons à la mise en interconnexion de deux logiciels, un d'urbanisme (UrbanSim) et l'autre de transport (METROPOLIS) afin de créer un système intégré dit LUTI (Land Use-Transport Interaction). Le comportement des agents est intercepté à travers des estimations, pour cela une série d'estimations est réalisée, à savoir : localisation des ménages, localisation des emplois, le processus de création des projets urbains et le prix de location et de vente des logements. Le système est calé sur les données de recensement de 2006. L'application est menée sur deux niveaux de découpages de la zone d'étude ; l'un est fin, en cellules carrées de 500 x 500 mètre et l'autre en communes.Dans la deuxième partie, nous nous sommes intéressés à l'évaluation des émissions de gaz à effet dans les transports et à la réalisation d'une étude de rentabilité économique et environnementale du projet d'extension du canal Seine-Nord Europe. En effet, dans le cadre de la politique française de lutte contre les émissions de gaz à effet de serre, les reports modaux de modes de transports polluants vers les modes propres sont encouragés. C'est bien le cas du projet SNE, par lequel les autorités espèrent un transfert modal de la route vers la voie fluviale. Son objectif est d'étendre l'usage de ce canal à des péniches à grand gabarit. En l'état actuel, le canal ne permet de passer que les péniches à petit gabarit, d'une charge n'excédant pas les 600 tonnes. Notre but est de réaliser une analyse coût-bénéfice à cette extension en introduisant une dimension stochastique à la fonction de la demande et au prix de l'énergie
Modeling is used to predict the future behavior of different phenomena. In urban planning it is also used to help planners to cope with multiple challenges of urban planning. The urban system is so complex that it is impossible to accurately predict the behavior of different agents. The urban economics has attempted to provide some explanation, but still not sufficient to identify all interactions between the different agents. The purpose of my thesis is within the framework of this subject. It is structured into two parts. In the first one we discuss the modeling of land use/Transport interactions, a study at a microscopic level. The second is the analysis of pollutant emissions and transport project assessment in the context of sustainable development. The latter is processed at a more aggregated level. We apply our models to Île-de-France region.In the first part we proceed by linking two softwares, a land use model (UrbanSim) and a transport model (METROPOLIS), to create an integrated system LUTI (Land-Use and Transport Interaction).The behavior of agents is intercepted through estimates. For that estimation is performed, such as: household location, employment location, urban projects location and the rent and selling prices of housing. The system is calibrated on data from Census 2006. The application is carried out on two levels of geographical units; the first one is a gridcell of 500 x 500 meters and the second in administrative zoning municipalities.In the second part, we were interested in the assessment of greenhouse gas emissions in transport and a study of economic and environmental efficiency of the Seine-Nord Europe project. Indeed, in the context of French politics to fight against greenhouse gas emissions, modal shift from polluting modes of transport to clean modes is encouraged. This is the case of the project SNE, in which the authorities hope a modal shift from road to inland waterways. Its aim is to extend the use of this canal to wide-gauge barges. As it stands, the canal allow access only to narrow gauge barges, with load not exceeding 600 tones. Our aim is to perform a cost-benefit analysis for this extension by introducing a stochastic dimension to the function of demand and energy price
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7

Greiner, Isabell. "Parental Influence on Higher Education Attainment : Evidence from Sweden." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Economics, Finance and Statistics, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-18503.

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Knowledge has long been acknowledged to be crucial for economic growth and in today’s market economies this is true to an even greater extent. In the past it used to be the parent’s duty to pass on this knowledge to their children, nowadays schools and higher education institutions take this responsibility. Nevertheless, parents still have a significant influence on an individual’s educational attainment. The aim of this study is to investigate and demonstrate this parental influence on the level of education as well as the subject of higher education degree. This thesis shows that individuals whose parents have at least a bachelor’s degree and above are more likely to attain one themselves. Moreover, individuals are more likely to choose a subject for that degree that is similar to their parents’ occupation.
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8

Clement, Sarah. "Women's occupational choice and entry into male-dominated occupations." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296410.

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9

Eriksson, Benny Erik Gunnar. "Vad har hänt med byggprogrammets ungdomar tio år efter examen och valde de rätt program?" Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Education, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-3503.

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 The aim of this thesis is to research what the former youth of the Construction Programme felt about their education. For this purpose I have chosen a group of students who graduated from the Construction Programme 1997 and 1998. Had they made the choice to study at the Construction Program on their own free will, or were they more or less forced into this decision (in one way or another)? I have also researched which factors that has either made them stay in the field of construction work or forced them to work with something else. The research method I have chosen to use in my thesis was a questionnaire. This questionnaire was sent to a group of thirty former students of the Construction Program, who nowadays is scattered all over the country. Through the questionnaire I have asked questions concerning their choice of upper secondary school education: what the students thought of the education they received, did it live up to their expectations, and do they still work within the occupation that they were educated for or do they work with something else?. Maybe some have chosen to move on to third level education? I have got to several results concerning both the choice of upper secondary school education made and this group of former students’ current field of work. For the majority of these students, the choice of studying at the Construction Program was made on their own, which they felt led to a varying occupation and a job after graduating. Another interesting result I have got is that a lot of students still work within the branch ten years after their graduation. This must mean that both the school and the former youth of the Construction Program themselves succeeded well in their education. The result of my research corresponds with general perceptions according to studied literature and varied sources.

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10

Stačiokaitytė, Aida. "Jaunuolių su fizine negalia profesijos pasirinkimo sunkumai." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20090608_103046-24414.

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Visi žmonės turi teisę dalyvauti visuomenės gyvenime. Neįgaliųjų socialinė plėtotė reiškia, kad reikia šalinti atsiradusias kliūtis ir sudaryti lygias galimybes visiems dalyvauti socialiniame gyvenime. Lietuvoje tik prieš kelerius metus susirūpinta sudėtinga jaunuolių turinčių fizinę negalią, situacija. Vis dėlto po truputį keičiasi, požiūris į žmogų su fizine negalia, jų norą ir poreikį rinktis profesiją. Lietuvoje valdžios institucijos, aukštosios mokyklos, įvairios nevyriausybinės organizacijos siekia visapusiškai prieinamo aukštojo mokslo. Pastaruoju metu Lietuvoje daugėja mokymosi bei profesijos pasirinkimo galimybių. Kokios profesinės pasirinkimo galimybės sudarytos fizinę negalią turintiems jaunuoliams? Kas sukelia profesines pasirinkimo problemas jaunuoliams turintiems fizinę negalią? Šie probleminiai klausimai nurodo darbo nagrinėjamą problematiką. Problema – jaunuoliai su fizine negalia susiduria su sunkumais pasirenkant profesiją. Tyrimo objektas – jaunuolių (nuo 17 iki 21 metų amžiaus), su fizinę negalią, profesijos pasirinkimas. Tikslinė grupė – jaunuoliai turinys fizinę negalią. Darbo tikslas – atskleisti jaunuolių su fizine negalia profesijos pasirinkimo sunkumus ir nustatyti jų priežastis Darbo uždaviniai: 1. Apibrėžti fizinės negalios ir profesijos rinkimosi sampratas 2. Apibūdinti teorinius jaunuolių su fizinę negalią profesijos pasirinkimo sunkumus 3. Atskleisti teisinius dokumentus reglamentuojančius... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
Everyone has the right to take part in the life of the society. Social development of disabled people means that there is a need to eliminate all emerging obstacles in order to provide equal opportunities for everyone to participate in social life. The concern in regard to the difficult situation of the youths with physical disability in Lithuania is very recent. Nevertheless the attitude towards the disabled people is changing, acknowledging their wish and need to choose the occupation. In Lithuania public enterprises, high schools, various non governmental organisations are trying to make high school studies available to everyone. Today there are greater possibilities and choice of studies and occupations. What occupational opportunities are created for youths with physical disability? What causes vocational difficulties for disabled youths? These problematic questions indicate the problem researched in this thesis. Problem – youths with physical disability are encountering problems while choosing the occupation. Research Subject – youths (from 17 to 21 years old) with physical disability choice of occupation. Target group – youths with physical disability. Thesis’ Aim – to reveal the difficulties encountered by disabled youths while choosing the occupation and to determine why these difficulties arise. Thesis’ Tasks: 1. To define the concepts of physical disability and occupation choice; 2. To describe theoretical difficulties of occupation choice for youths with physical... [to full text]
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11

Stanczyk, Lucas. "From Each: Essays in the Theory of Productive Justice." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10593.

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A just society must provide a range of goods: police protection, education, medical care, legal representation, to name only a few. But how should a just society organize production of these goods? To ask this question is to broach the topic of productive justice. We need a theory of this topic in order to explain the content of the ideal of social justice. A certain theory of productive justice is now widely taken for granted. It has the following commitments. Every able beneficiary of just institutions owes some productive contribution. There is no free-loading on just institutions. Therefore, income support from the state should normally be conditioned on working. Those who would be idle must find a way to support themselves. Beyond this general requirement, however, each citizen gets to decide his own contribution, because each citizen has a right to choose his occupation. The state may not assign occupations or specify anyone’s place of work. Nor may it direct anyone to work longer than he prefers, provided he is not loafing on public support. Instead, labor must be allocated through a market, where everyone is free to decline any given job offer. The labor market thus fixes the possibilities of just production: the socioeconomic goals that a society may justly accomplish are limited to those that can be pursued in or alongside a labor market. This theory is now widely accepted. I argue that its central elements are importantly mistaken. Income support from the state should not normally be conditioned on working. To think this is to misunderstand the nature of each citizen’s contributory duty. Nor is it the case that a just state may never assign urgent jobs or otherwise restrict occupational decisions. To think this is to misunderstand several of the basic rights and liberties of citizenship. In my dissertation, I defend a different theory, with three elements. The first is a theory of every citizen’s right to free choice of occupation. The second is a theory of the scope and basis of the economic duties of modern citizenship. The third is a theory of the permissibility conditions of restricting labor market liberties. Together these three elements comprise a new theory of productive justice.
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12

Kantas, Artistotelis. "Occupational choice and values." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/18334.

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13

Wilkinson, T. M. "Liberalism, socialism and occupational choice." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334836.

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14

Elbel, Jacquelyn L. (Jacquelyn Louise). "Sexual Identity Development and Occupational Choice in Gay Men." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1994. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278535/.

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This purpose of this study was to validate the concept of homosexual identity formation using psychosocial personality measures and occupational congruence. Of additional interest was personality or occupational congruence differences which may exist between men who choose to enter job fields stereotyped as gay and those who do not choose those fields.
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15

Ma, Bing. "Essays in occupation, marriage and fertility choices." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1481667681&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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16

Dafel, Michael. "The constitutional rebuilding of the South African private law : a choice between judicial and legislative law-making." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/285563.

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A tension arises whenever the South African private law fails to meet constitutional right norms. To remedy a deficiency, two law-making options are available. The first is for the judiciary to develop or change private law principles and rules in order to provide protection for the implicated constitutional norm. The second is for the judiciary to enforce an obligation upon Parliament to enact legislation to amend or replace existing private law rights and obligations so as to safeguard the norm against interference from a private individual or entity. The former is the more conventional option, but, in recent years, the law reports record an increasing reliance on the legislative duty to protect constitutional right norms in private legal relationships. The thesis investigates the extent to which the latter phenomenon - which will be described as a 'pivot towards legislative remedies' - exists, and the circumstances in which the courts pivot towards legislative remedies rather than developing private law of their own accord. The thesis finds that legislative schemes that give effect to constitutional rights are likely to contain an array of benefits that are absent from or reduced in the judicial law-making process. The judicial pivot towards legislative remedies is thus a strategy to enhance the process through which conflicting rights are resolved, as it allows for the constitutional rebuilding of private law in a way that the judiciary is unable to do on its own. Importantly, however, theories of judicial deference do not explain the pivot. On the contrary, the courts have exercised a strict level of control over the legislative law-making pathway. Through either statutory interpretation or the review of legislation, the courts require legislation to contain the essentials of the judicial law-making framework. From this perspective, the judicial law-making process produces the floor of the rebuilding project and the legislative law-making process enhances that framework.
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17

Wang, Seok-Dong. "Occupational choice, financial markets and income distribution." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0006/NQ42573.pdf.

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18

Ayora, Díaz Steffan Igor. "Representations and occupations : shepherds' choices in Sardinia." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=41092.

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In Telemula, a highland village of Sardinia, Italy, the concept of 'modernity' has been assigned a positive moral meaning which is used in opposition to the concept of 'tradition'. This dissertation examines the phenomenological dimension of strategic repositionings deployed by local people, as they strive to represent themselves as persone brave (good persons). Alternative representations of shepherds carry different moral connotations. Villagers who have to decide whether or not to become, or to continue to be shepherds, also wish to represent themselves positively. Thus, they manipulate the meanings which had been originally ascribed by national and supranational agencies, but that currently form part of the locals' world-views. In consequence, individuals participate in the multiplication of life-worlds and codes of meaning that they use in organising their own perceptions of life events and reflexive experience of self.
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Jarvis, Valerie. "The occupational distribution of women : choice or segregation?" Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=68106.

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Despite dramatic increases in female participation rates, a notable and persistent feature of the Canadian labour market is the highly unequal distribution of men and women across occupations. The focus of the current paper is how to explain the observed occupational distribution of women across occupations. In particular, we assess the evidence put forward in support of the standard view within the economics profession--the human-capital notion of 'occupational choice'--and compare its explanatory power with a non-competitive approach to women's labour market opportunities, based on the notion of a labour market characterised by job rationing.
While occupational decision-making remains ill-understood, there are several reasons for believing that the subject will become more noteworthy in coming decades, not least the rumblings of the 'comparable-worth' lobby. Our investigation points to a lack of economic research in this important area, both at the aggregate level and the level of individual occupations, and suggests that greater attention should be paid not simply to empirical validation of existing theories of occupational decision-making, but also that more detailed scrutiny might be given to the few results which are available. We argue that 'discrimination' is still a powerful force within the labour market, and that women's sudden access to non-traditional occupations owes far more to shortages of men in individual markets than is typically acknowledged.
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Janman, K. "Achievement motivation, fear of success and occupational choice." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.355756.

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Strauss, Kendra. "Risk, responsibility and choice in U.K. occupational pensions." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.540180.

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SINIGAGLIA, DANIEL LAVARDA. "AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON BANKING AND OCCUPATIONAL CHOICE." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2005. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=7375@1.

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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
Este trabalho pretende contribuir para a literatura de financial deepening ao avaliar se a qualidade de acesso ao mercado bancário local produz efeitos sobre escolhas ocupacionais de chefes de família, em particular, sobre a probabilidade com que chefes de família exercem atividades remuneradas como empregadores. Um duplo experimento com base nas técnicas de diferenças em diferenças e propensity score matching é conduzido. Os resultados obtidos apontam que chefes de família residentes em municípios cujo mercado bancário tenha sofrido concentração bancária estão proporcionalmente mais restritos em suas escolhas ocupacionais. Por outro lado, não foram encontradas evidências de efeitos decorrentes de variações na capilaridade do sistema bancário. Estes resultados sugerem que o reforço à práticas competitivas no sistema bancário merecem pelo menos tanta atenção quanto o de iniciativas em torno da bancarização.
This work contributes to the literature of financial deepening by evaluating whether changes in local bank system accessibility drives to changes in the occupational choice of family chiefs, in particular, to changes in the probability through which family chiefs decides to become employers. A double experiment on the basis of differences in differences and propensity score matching techniques is conducted. Results point towards the conclusion that family chiefs living in cities whose local bank industry has gone through a concentration experience are proportionally more restricted in their occupational choices. On the other hand, no evidence of significant effects from variations in the capillarity level of the bank system was found. Theses results suggest that enforcement of competitive practices in the bank system deserve at least as much consideration as banking initiatives.
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23

Chisholm, Lynne A. "Beyond occupational choice : a study of gendered transitions." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1990. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10007358/.

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The transition from education to the labour market is a constant theme for sociological investigation, but the study of occupational choice itself has occupied a peripheral place in the theory and research literature for the past two decades. Of particular concern here, neither extant theories of occupational choice nor the contemporary youth studies literature offer satisfactory accounts of the patterns of girls' aspirations and the social processes in which these are embedded. It is argued here that occupational choice processes are a critical switch in the social reproduction of gender relations. Specifically situated subjects construct a transitions biography from a range of legitimated and concretely available alternatives. The possibilities are specified through the terms of gender discourse which, in describing the confluence of circumstances and understandings, represents the social space in which girls are positioned and position themselves across time. A model of the modalities of gender relations is developed and explored through a study of primarily working class girls aged 11-14 and 14-16 between 1983-1986 who were attending three inner London comprehensives. The data were collected by cross-sectional survey (N = 169) and interview (N=61) and by longitudinal interview (N=37). These girls see occupational structure in highly gendered and partial terms, corresponding to the specific social worlds they inhabit. Over time, perspectives and aspirations focus increasingly on female-typed jobs. Within this, their expectations reflect what is judged realistically available. Such processes of gendered closure are modified by educational achievement and by schooling milieu in relation with family and cultural context. Subject specialisation fixes the course of these processes, since options are generally chosen with current aspiration/ expectation in mind. In sum, gendered transitions across the secondary schooling years are shaped not only institutionally but also socially and culturally by girls' personal attempts to resolve the contradictory puzzle of production/reproduction relations under modern patri3 archy and in the light of the resources at their disposal. Most trajectories inevitably prefigure accommodative arrangements and do not threaten social reproduction processes, but this does not imply non-critical and automatic consent. The potential for critical consciousness is fostered by various cross-pressures in the specific configurations of girls' lives, but the partial insights they open up are held in check both ideologically and through social-educational selection/ allocation.
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Froilan, William S. "GENDER AND TRADITIONALITY OF OCCUPATIONAL CHOICE AS MODERATORS OF INTEREST-CHOICE AND SELF-EFFICACY CHOICE CONGRUENCE FOR COLLEGE STUDENTS." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1269548179.

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Fahr, René. "Occupational mobility and occupational matching: some implications for career choice and labor market policy /." Berlin : Dissertation.de, 2003. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=010562284&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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Heimann, Thorsten. "The labour income risk associated with the occupational choice /." Hamburg : Kovač, 2009. http://d-nb.info/992492696/04.

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Takabatake, Yuji. "Some essays on occupational choice and Japanese labor market." Kyoto University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/136038.

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Heimann, Thorsten. "The labour income risk associated with the occupational choice." Hamburg Kovač, 2008. http://d-nb.info/992492696/04.

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Koelle, Michael Rene. "Entrepreneurship, job search and occupational choice in developing countries." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ea82fba3-b375-46a6-8246-23e99c56e9f9.

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This thesis is about entrepreneurship within the context of occupational choice in a frictional labour market. It unites two perspectives on entrepreneurship: the perspective of the entrepreneur as a firm, and the perspective of the entrepreneur as a self-employed worker. My emphasis is on developing countries, where a large share of the workforce are self-employed entrepreneurs. I combine theory with empirical applications using labour-force panel data from Mexico, Colombia and Ghana. The thesis consists of four chapters. The model in Chapter 1 provides a theoretical framework to capture the nexus of occupational and firm size choices of entrepreneurs. In the model, these two choices are non-separable. Entrepreneurs face a trade-off: they could either make the most of their entrepreneurial potential, or run a smaller firm while waiting to take the next attractive job opportunity. Better opportunities in wage employment increase incentives to keep firms small. Chapter 2 tests this model. To obtain variation in alternative employment opportunities for entrepreneurs, I exploit trade-induced changes to wage employment across local labour markets in Mexico. Using a large dataset built from several sources, I find evidence that is consistent with the theoretical predictions. I use guidance from theory, supplementary evidence, and an event study design to distinguish the occupational choice mechanism from competing channels. Chapter 3 develops an empirical model where the observed allocation of individuals to occupations is a product of both the attractiveness and the availability of job opportunities. This type of selection mechanism is central to each of the other chapters in this thesis. The chapter is concerned with the identification of such a model that combines comparative advantage and search frictions. I estimate the model on panel data from urban Colombia and find evidence for both search frictions and selection on comparative advantage. Finally, Chapter 4 builds and estimates a structural life-cycle model of sectoral choice between self-employment and wage-employment, costly job search, and capital accumulation in Ghana. We incorporate two central types of market frictions: credit constraints for entrepreneurs, and search frictions in the wage labour market. This provides a unified framework to think about career paths in developing countries. We link the estimated structural model to recent experimental literature in development economics, and use simulated experiments to interpret the mechanisms behind behavioural responses to labour market shocks.
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McDonough, J. E. "Occupational specificity and factors associated with occupational choices of undergraduate students." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.370512.

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Ongna, Alison M. "Occupational gender role stereotypes and career choice of young children." Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2007. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2007/2007ongnaa.pdf.

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Schlenker, Eva Gabriele [Verfasser], and Gerhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Wagenhals. "Essays on occupational choice / Eva Gabriele Schlenker. Betreuer: Gerhard Wagenhals." Hohenheim : Kommunikations-, Informations- und Medienzentrum der Universität Hohenheim, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1042502706/34.

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Gulesci, Selim. "Poverty, occupational choice and social networks : essays in development economics." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2011. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/205/.

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This thesis contains three independent chapters that are aimed towards contributing to our understanding of three questions in the literature on poverty, occupational choice and social networks. The first chapter asks whether labor contracts in a rural economy play a significant role in insuring workers against risks and if the outside options of workers determine the extent to which their labor contracts are interlinked with their insurance arrangements. As such, it provides evidence on a well-established idea in the study of rural labor markets - that of labor-tying - by showing that it is an important channel through which the poor workers smooth their income and that an exogenous improvement in their outside options induces them to exit labor-tying and switch to alternative channels of informal insurance. The second chapter provides evidence on whether transfer of capital and skills enable the poor to permanently exit poverty by entering into higher return occupations. It shows that such a transfer not only transforms the occupational choices of the targeted poor, but has significant general equilibrium effects on the local markets, and corresponding spillover effects on non- targeted households. The third chapter provides evidence on the question \do formal transfers crowd out informal transfers", exploiting the randomized roll-out of a large scale asset transfer and training program to test for its effects on the informal transfer arrangements of the poor. It shows that the informal transfers to the poor are crowded out by the program, but this effect is highly heterogenous depending on the location of the sender and the vulnerability of the targeted poor.
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Schlenker, Eva [Verfasser], and Gerhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Wagenhals. "Essays on occupational choice / Eva Gabriele Schlenker. Betreuer: Gerhard Wagenhals." Hohenheim : Kommunikations-, Informations- und Medienzentrum der Universität Hohenheim, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:100-opus-8670.

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Sandall, Jane. "Midwifery work, family life and wellbeing : a study of occupational change." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1998. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/848/.

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Sjögren, Anna. "Perspectives on human capital : economic growth, occupational choice and intergenerational mobility." Doctoral thesis, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, Samhällsekonomi (S), 1998. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hhs:diva-651.

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This dissertation consists of three essays, taking different perspectives on human capital. The first essay looks at human capital from a growth perspective. Essays two and three focuses on the individual’s occupational decision and its relation to family background. The first essay attempts to capture the effects on long run economic growth and transitional dynamics of the interaction between human capital and R&D. We do this by allowing for endogenous human capital accumulation in an economy where the number of products and technologies expands because profit maximizing entrepreneurs do R&D. We find that, in the absence of scale effects, long run growth is determined by the economy’s capacity to accumulate human capital. A relative lack of R&D capital causes the economy to grow slowly during its transition to the steady state, while a relative abundance of R&D capital gives high growth rates during transition. In the second essay, the classical Roy-model of selection on the labor market is extended in order to analyze intergenerational mobility. This is done through the introduction of ability uncertainty that is linked to family background. In contrast to to additional human capital models of intergenerational mobility, this mechanism rather than differences in access to capital markets links occupational oucomes of offspring to parents. We study the effects of income redistribution on mobility and talent allocation. It is found that redistribution has implications for intergenerational mobility and talent allocation through its influence on individual occupational choices. However, we conclude that the presence of a trade-off between redistribution and intergenerational mobility depends on the extent of similarity of occupations with regard to ability sensitivity and wage rates, and on the degree of individual risk aversion. Whether redistribution occurs only within an occupation or simultaneously within and across occupations is also inportant for the implicatons for mobility and talent allocation. In essay three, a model of occupational choice and human capital investment is developmed and tested. The model allows family background to influence occupational choice through access to economic resources, differences in costs of schooling, and ability uncertainty linked to background similar to that discussed in essay two. It is predicted that life time utility of children from less well-off background is more sensitive to economic incentives when risk aversion is strong. The model also predicts that people are more sensitive to economic incentives when considering occupations distant from their parent occuations. The implications of the theoretical model are tested and largely confirmed on Swedish data using a mixed multinominal logit framework which explicitly accounts for unobserved ability heterogeneity.

Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögskolan, 1998

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Nagle, M. Susan. "I'm doing as much as I can, pathways to occupational choice." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ28626.pdf.

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Sjögren, Anna. "Perspectives on human capital : economic growth, occupational choice and intergenerational mobility /." Stockholm : Economic Research Institute, Stockholm School of Economics (Ekonomiska forskningsinstitutet vid Handelshögsk.) (EFI), 1998. http://www.hhs.se/efi/summary/498.htm.

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Shlasky, S. "Occupational choice and career orientations of residential care workers in Israel." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372057.

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Davis, Marianne Goedinghaus. "Predictors of occupational choice for high school students with learning disabilties /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1996. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9737887.

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Mohapatra, Sandeep. "Complementarities, constraints and contracts : incentive design and occupational choice in China /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2004. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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Falco, Paolo. "Occupational choices and their outcomes in African labour markets." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5df582c5-99f1-4987-b88c-db66829eb49d.

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This thesis is an investigation into the microeconomic mechanisms that govern some of the occupational choices faced by workers in Sub-Saharan Africa, and into the monetary and non-monetary returns to their decisions. Chapter 1 begins by exploring the decision process that leads workers to allocate themselves to different occupations within the economy. In particular, I investigate the role of risk-aversion in the allocation of workers between formal and informal jobs in Ghana, hence attempting to explain a fundamental dimension of duality through an investigation into workers' preferences. In my model of sectoral allocation risk-averse workers can opt between entering the free-entry informal sector and queuing for formal occupations. Conditional on identifying the riskier option, the model yields testable implications on the relationship between risk-aversion and workers' allocation. My testing strategy proceeds in two steps. First, using the first three waves of the Ghana Household Urban Panel Survey (GHUPS) dataset, I estimate expected income uncertainty and find it considerably higher in the informal sector than in formal employment. Second, using experimental data to elicit risk-attitudes I estimate the effect of risk-aversion on occupational choices and I find that, in line with the first result, more risk-averse workers are more likely to queue for formal jobs and less likely to be in the informal sector. The conclusion of the first chapter is that attitudes to risk should feature more prominently in models of sector allocation and in the design of labour market policies, in particular when those policies aim to impact workers' vulnerability to risk and uncertainty. Chapter 2 focuses on the largest occupational category in the Developing world, self-employed workers with small productive activities, and it tries to estimate the returns to different productive assets, namely physical capital, labour and human capital. These are the workers that form most of the informal sector analysed in chapter 1, which allows me to draw a direct link with the analysis so far. The chapter begins by specifying a model for the income-generating process grounded in the literature on firms' production and hence abridging the gap between the analysis of individual earnings and the study of firms' value added. Identification in the empirics is achieved by means of panel estimators that are suitable to address the endogeneity of input choices, which derives from both time-varying and time-invariant unobservable heterogeneity. The use of these estimators is made feasible by the length of the Ghanaian Household Urban Panel Survey dataset at CSAE. I also explore issues of endogeneity in the selection of different technologies, defined by their relative capital and labour intensity. Finally, I analyse the shape of returns to capital, with the aim to detect potential non-convexities in technology. The results show that capital and work-experience play the strongest role in income-generation, while the shares of value added attributed to labour and to formal schooling are low. Marginal returns to investment are high at low capital levels and they decrease very rapidly, pointing against the existence of non-convexities due to minimum scale requirements, but implying that real income gains resulting form micro-investment are modest. Chapter 3 returns to the issue of earnings uncertainty and risk-aversion explored in Chapter 1, but it now takes the allocation choice as given and explores the direct welfare implications of income uncertainty for worker's well-being. Namely, the chapter explores the relationship between income and welfare, with a particular attention on the link between income vulnerability and happiness. Using unique longitudinal data on life-satisfaction and labour market outcomes, I estimate an individual measure of vulnerability (defined as the probability of falling below a low-income threshold) and investigate its effect on well-being. After controlling for unobservable individual fixed effects, work-satisfaction, relative income and other relevant worker characteristics, I find a sizable impact of vulnerability, over and above the income effect. When I explore the mechanisms behind my results, I find that aspiration adaptation to current income may result in a transitory income effect. Moreover, using my direct measure of attitudes to risk from field-experiments (already used in chapter 1), I can test directly the hypothesis that more risk-averse agents suffer more heavily from a given increase in income vulnerability. Overall, my findings support policy interventions that aim to reduce vulnerability, as I expect such policies to have a 'direct' impact on agents' happiness given the prevailing attitudes to risk and uncertainty in the population. Finally, from the point of view of overall social welfare, my results suggest that non-Rawlsian growth models, whereby 'someone may be left behind', may fail to enhance general welfare, for high enough levels of risk-aversion in the population, if the risk of falling behind is sufficiently widespread.
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Plowman, Ian Cameron. "Birth order, motives, occupational role choice and organizational innovation : an evolutionary perspective /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18589.pdf.

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44

Ratsika, Nikoleta. "Between tradition and modernity : The occupational choices of young people in rural Crete." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för socialt arbete, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-50986.

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The aim of this study is to investigate the occupational orientations and choices of young people in rural Crete, a society, which is in constant change as it finds itself caught between tradition and modernity. To achieve this, the study looks into two cases: the case of Anogia, a small mountainous cattle-raising village, and the case of Archanes, which is a farming village on a plain. Both communities are undergoing a process of change due to the influence exerted upon them through the frequent contacts with the ‘outside world’ and the diffusion of modernity in all areas of life. The study expects to shed light on how the young people of these villages experience the transition from tradition to modernity and how this transition influences their choice of occupation. More specifically, the aims of this study are to investigate: A. The occupational orientations and choice of occupation of the young people within the communities of Anogia and Archanes. B. The main contextual factors that contribute to the young people’s occupational orientations and choice of occupation in Anogia and Archanes. The overall approach is a qualitative inquiry consisting of two case studies. The empirical research took place in the field of the communities of Anogia and Archanes, and addresses 29 young people of the villages, so as to gather primary data through semistructured interviews. The age has been defined to be 16 to 25 years old. In order to arrive at the findings, data analysis derived from the Grounded Theory methodological approach was employed (Strauss, 1987). The main findings of the study show that the transitional process from school to work seems to be the most crucial issue for the young people under study, in the process of shaping their occupational orientations and choices. The attitude, either positive or negative, that each one has adopted towards school and education generally and the level of education constitutes the main tool that determines the limitations and the opportunities for job placement. In these small societies, the traditional roles have been overturned as regards the youth and their professional orientations. The majority of young people follow new practices in seeking employment. These characterise the following three types of youth: the stayers, the ambivalent and the leavers.
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Witz, Anne Marie. "'The spider legislating for the fly' : patriarchy and occupational closure in the medical division of labour 1858-1940." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329648.

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Shuttleworth, Carol Lois. "The effects of perceived barriers on college women's occupational choices /." The Ohio State University, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487779120910083.

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Masood, Sameen. "The educational and occupational choice process : the case of agriculture students in Pakistan." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/10936.

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The development of the agriculture sector is crucial to the socio-economic prosperity of Pakistan. Despite its significance, the enrolment trends in agriculture sciences and research and development in this sector have not gained substantial attention. The specific objective of this research is to draw conclusions and make recommendations through which enrolment in agriculture sciences can be facilitated, retention of agriculture graduates can be ensured and barriers in the choice process can be removed. This has been achieved through investigating the choice process of agriculture students by answering the first research questions that seek to identify stages of the choice process. Expanding the understating of the choices and the choice process, the study answers the second research question exploring the influence of various factors on the choices as well as the choice process of agriculture students in Pakistan. This qualitative study was conducted in two different cities of Pakistan where various cohorts of students at different stages of their academic and professional life were interviewed. The thematic analysis of the interview data presents a ‘multi-stage’ educational and occupational choice process detailing the definitions, characteristics, sequences and components of the stages. The outcome of the process is postulated based on the experiences of the earlier stages. The significance of practising ‘choice’ intensifies as unplanned choosers are more likely to drift away from the agriculture profession as compared to planned choosers. Furthermore, the role of locality, gender, social prestige associated with various professions and nature of parental support emerged as choice facilitators or barriers in the choice process of agriculture students. Thus, key recommendations arise for the policy makers in the education sector and in agriculture universities and establishments. Particular focus is required for establishing career guidance facilities, disseminating information at different levels, making small changes in the structure of the education system and addressing misconceptions about agriculture sciences and professions in this field.
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Gazzaz, Lamya Asaad. "Saudi nurses' perceptions of nursing as an occupational choice : a qualitative interview study." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2009. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11863/.

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Background: Saudi Arabia has always been dependent on non-Saudi nurses. However, the recruitment of these nurses has been challenged by the consequences of the first Gulf War of 1991 and the political unrest in the Middle East ever since. Moreover, the annual supply of Saudi nursing graduates has been insufficient in meeting the demands of the expanding healthcare services. Indeed, Saudi nurses make less than 30% of the total nursing workforce Kingdom wide. The Saudi literature links the shortage in Saudi nurses to socio-cultural factors found to influence the prevailing negative images and perceived low status of nursing. Hence, I have developed a personal interest to explore the impact of prevalent images and perceived status of nursing on the Saudi nurses’ perceptions of nursing as an occupational choice. The reviewed literature guided the development of a framework for my study using six concepts. Aim: To gain an understanding of the social, cultural, economic and political influences on Saudi nurses’ perceptions of nursing and their impact on recruitment of nursing students and retention of graduates. Method: Sixty eight semi-structured interviews were conducted in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia with a sample of student nurses (n = 38), staff nurses (n = 21) and senior nurses (n = 9) from government and private sectors. A purposive sampling approach increased the likelihood that the variability within nursing was represented in the data. A focus on the inclusion of Saudi male nurses is unusual; it allowed this study to explore gender issues in more depth. The interview guides covered selected concepts derived from the literature. These include: nursing images; status of nursing; perceptions of nursing as an occupational choice; nursing education; gendered-nature of nursing and nursing support systems. Interviews were conducted and transcribed in Arabic and participants were interviewed once. A socio-demographic checklist was filled at the end of each interview. Findings: Findings were presented using three explanatory themes. First, perceptions of nursing suggesting that, against a background of negative gender-related perceptions of nursing, there is an increasing recognition of nursing as a secure occupational choice in a shifting labour market. Second, challenges facing professionalism suggesting that participants acknowledged the importance of achieving a recognised professional status for nursing. Third, dealing with personal struggle suggesting that participants have been experiencing a personal struggle as they were learning to cope with the prevalent negative perceptions of nursing at social and professional levels. Conclusions: Findings from the study provide evidence of a personal struggle female and male participants have been experiencing in their attempts to transcend through shifting gender, social, cultural, economic and global boundaries. A struggle they had to deal with in order to achieve social and professional recognition. Overlooking causes of struggle might risk Saudi nurses’ recruitment into and retention within nursing. A new model for the Saudisation of nursing workforce has been proposed. Policy makers are requested to divert their strategies from focusing only on graduates from the nursing programmes to targeting Saudi school children. They are expected to design and implement Saudisation strategies that aim at changing the prevailing gender-related perceptions of nursing as an occupation among prospect candidates; and building on the nurses’ efforts to achieve professional recognition and integrate success in their career with their personal life.
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Cheng, Michael Jak Lam. "Determinants of occupational choice : the case of the Chinese in Newcastle upon Tyne." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2008. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/2598/.

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Immigrant entrepreneurship is an important feature of the economy. With the growing numbers of visible ethnic minority communities, their presence in the labour market is of increasing importance in contemporary society. The Chinese are an under- researched group as documented by various authors and publications (Parker, 1994; Pang and Lau, 1998). The dissertation aims to address this failing. The Chinese are often associated with heavy concentration in the catering trade, in the form of restaurants and takeaways. The reason for this continued dominance is an interesting issue to explore. This thesis investigates the Chinese in Newcastle upon Tyne and their experiences, mainly within the catering trade, which offers both employment and self-employment opportunities. As will be revealed, this form of labour market participation can lead to social exclusion but at the same time, the creation of a stronger community. One possible element in the decision to enter self-employment is the existence of racial discrimination in the labour market. However, occupational choice is a more complex issue than simply an outcome of discrimination. The two principal research questions that guide this study are: 'Is self-employment a choice or a necessity?' and 'Does discrimination play a role in occupational choice?' An original and unique framework for analysis has been adopted based on prior knowledge held by the researcher by living the experiences as a member of the Chinese ethnic group. This stock of knowledge or indeed 'social capital' formed the basis for ideas and questions used in each of the three stages of research: self- completion questionnaires, semi-structured follow-up interviews and a focus group session. The implementation of these stages has been conducted in order to gain an understanding of the issues surrounding the two main research questions and to provide an insight into the experiences of the Chinese. However, due to the nature of voluntary responses in the chosen methodology, the research does not aim to generalise the Chinese community, as it remains a small-scale qualitative study.
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Christiadi. "Three essays on migration its interaction with regional wage differentials and occupational choice and its application in different discrete choice models /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2005. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4446.

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