Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Occupant's behaviour'
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Zhao, Jing. "Lived experiences of Passivhaus occupants using a grounded approach." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31370.
Full textGulbinas, Rimas Viktoras. "Motivating and Quantifying Energy Efficient Behavior among Commercial Building Occupants." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/64867.
Full textPh. D.
Bin, Ja'afar Mohamad Fakri Zaky. "Domestic air conditioning in Malaysia : night time thermal comfort and occupants adaptive behaviour." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2008. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444280/.
Full textYun, Geun Young. "Occupant behaviour in buildings : thermal performance implications of window use patterns." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.612484.
Full textFried, Chelsea. "Where Design Meets Occupant Engagement: Studying the Importance of Occupant Engagement for Green Buildings, LEED and Pomona College." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pomona_theses/104.
Full textWei, Shen. "Preference-based modelling and prediction of occupants window behaviour in non-air-conditioned office buildings." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2013. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/14066.
Full textGomez, Ortega Jose Luis. "Occupant behaviour pattern modeling and detection in buildings based on environmental sensing." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2017. http://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/618445/.
Full textWu, Jindong. "Thermal comfort and occupant behaviour in office buildings in south-east China." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2015. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/29435/.
Full textJiang, Shiyu. "Measuring the impact of occupant behaviour on energy usage in existing homes." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2015. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/86764/.
Full textNaylor, Sophie. "Managing the uncertainty of occupant behaviour for building energy evaluation and management." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/51466/.
Full textJiang, Lai. "Building energy management and occupants' behaviour-intelligent agents, modelling methods and multi-objective decision making algorithms." Thesis, University of Reading, 2017. http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/68391/.
Full textBlight, Thomas. "Low-energy domestic architecture : the impact of household behaviour on the expected energy use of passive house dwellings." Thesis, University of Bath, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.675726.
Full textSimsekoglu, Ozlem. "Correlates Of Seat Belt Use Among Turkish Front Seat Occupants." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606193/index.pdf.
Full textzlem M.S., Department of Psychology Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Timo Lajunen June, 2005, 79 pages This thesis included three separate studies, which were observational, interview and survey studies, on seat belt use among Turkish front seat occupants. The observation study investigated occupant characteristics and environmental factors affecting seat belt use. Seat belts were used significantly more among females and older occupants than among males and younger occupants
and on intercity roads, at weekends and in the afternoons than on city roads, at weekdays and in the evenings. The interview study investigated the common reasons for using and not using a seat belt in different trip types, qualitatively. Safety, situational conditions, habit and avoiding punishment were the commonly reported reasons for using a seat belt, while situational conditions, not believing the effectiveness of seat belt use, discomfort and no habit of using a seat belt were the commonly reported reasons for not using a seat belt, for most of the trip types. In the third study, seat belt use both on urban and rural roads were explained with the basic and extended Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) models and Health Belief Model (HBM), using Structural Equation Modeling. Basic TPB model showed a good fit to the data, while extended TPB model and HBM showed a low fit to the data. Within TPB constructs, attitudes and the subjective norm had a positive and significant relation to intentions to use a seat belt. Results were discussed for their implications to traffic safety in Turkey, along with limitations of the study and suggestions for further studies.
Suffolk, Christine. "Rebound and spillover effects : occupant behaviour after energy efficiency improvements are carried out." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2016. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/92990/.
Full textHill, Adrienne Marie. "Comparison of Occupant Behavior in a Traditional, Green Featured, and LEED Certified Building Case." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/74971.
Full textMaster of Science
Darakdjian, Quentin. "Prédiction des performances énergétiques des bâtiments avec prise en compte du comportement des usagers." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LAROS015/document.
Full textContinuous improvement of the building energy performance is associated with the development of increasingly efficient and accurate numerical tools. While the consideration of phenomena related to buildings, systems and weather is well mastered, occupants’ behaviours are modelled in a very simplified way by repetitive scenarios and deterministic laws. The impact of occupants on energy consumption in high-performance buildings is dominant, as evidenced by the recurring gaps between predicted and measured results. The thesis demonstrates, via a multi-agent platform and stochastic models, an update on the ability to model occupants’ presence, their behaviours on windows, occultation devices, artificial lighting and heating setpoint temperatures. The application of the platform applies to office and residential buildings, for new builds and refurbishments. Occupants’ behaviour models are ideally obtained from in situ surveys, laboratory studies or sociological works. The suggested platform is then co-simulated with the EnergyPlus software, to study the influence of the models on a buildings energy performance. In the perspective of energy performance guarantees, this work contributes to the updating and reliability of prediction tools
Luo, Yi. "Gaming at work to save energy - Supporting behavioural change of occupants through cooperative games." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-231628.
Full textKommersiella byggnader är en av de främsta bidragsgivarna till energiförbrukningen, medan både energihantering och passagerarnas konsumtionsbeteende spelar en viktig roll i hur energi förbrukas. Denna studie undersökte medvetenheten om passagerare i en kommersiell byggnad med målet att undersöka hur ökad medvetenhet kunde stödja beteendets förändring. I detta syfte utformas, implementeras och utvärderas en kooperativ gammal visualisering av energiförbrukningsdata, "EnerSpace". 8 personer deltog i den här studien som upplevde en veckors baslinjeperiod och en veckas "EnerSpace" spelperiod. I EnerSpace delades deltagarna i två lag och drev ett rymdskepp med respektive energibesparing på en resursutnyttjandesresa till Mars. Varje deltagare hade en avatar i rymdskeppet som introducerade deltagarens personliga konsumtionsdata. Deltagarnas energibesparande påverkar rymdskeppens rörelsehastighet och deras avatars levnadsförhållande. Deltagarna belönades med ett vykort skickat av avatarer när de kom till en destination. Resultaten visade att deltagarna 1) minskade sin energiförbrukning, 2) rapporterade en rolig och engagerande erfarenhet av EnerSpace, och 3) kände sig motiverade för energibesparing med olika motiv. Denna studie indikerade en potential för energibesparing i en kommersiell byggnad med hjälp av en kooperativ gammal visualisering.
Locke, Frances Claire. "The role of occupant behavior in low-income high energy intensity households." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0017721.
Full textEsmaeilimoakher, Parisa. "The impact of implicit and explicit occupants' behaviour on the efficient use of energy in low-income households." Thesis, Esmaeilimoakher, Parisa (2019) The impact of implicit and explicit occupants' behaviour on the efficient use of energy in low-income households. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2019. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/52069/.
Full textField, Kristin Marcella. "Effects of variations in occupant behavior on residential building net zero energy performance." Connect to online resource, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1447693.
Full textCalì, Davide [Verfasser], Dirk [Akademischer Betreuer] Müller, and Bjarne [Akademischer Betreuer] Olesen. "Occupants’ behavior and its impact upon the energy performance of buildings / Davide Calì ; Dirk Müller, Bjarne Olesen." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1130788032/34.
Full textTalbourdet, Fabien. "Développement d'une démarche d’aide à la connaissance pour la conception de bâtis performants." Thesis, Vaulx-en-Velin, Ecole nationale des travaux publics, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENTP0010/document.
Full textBoth aspirations of users and improvements in the thermal regulation require that the comfort and the energy efficiency of new buildings improve. In addition to these requirements, regulations are strengthening in many fields such as acoustics, fire safety and mechanical performance. The combined effects of these factors are making it increasingly hard to design buildings. This thesis presents a knowledge-aid approach for designing high-performance buildings based on an optimization method. This approach aims to provide clear knowledge of the potential of projects (exploration of various options) for architects and design offices at the beginning of the design that will allow them to design the best possible high-performance buildings. This potential is evaluated using external and internal geometric parameters as well as the energy characteristics of buildings. This approach also allows them to assess geometries and design solutions which are intended to be used for their projects.This approach will be applied to an office building in Lyon, France. For the tested case, the approach obtains quickly efficient solutions and also finds, for some parameters, values to design efficient solutions on part of the Paretofront or in this entire front. This application of the approach also shows that there may be solutions which are close in terms of energy needs and cost but could be very different on design parameters. This problem could influence robustness of the approach but highlights a new problem. This thesis then lays the foundation of a new study on this topic
Spigliantini, Giorgia [Verfasser], M. [Akademischer Betreuer] Schweiker, and S. P. [Akademischer Betreuer] Corgnati. "Exploring occupant behaviour potentialities for historic buildings' energy retrofit / Giorgia Spigliantini ; M. Schweiker, S. P. Corgnati." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1238147909/34.
Full textBruce-Konuah, Adorkor. "Occupant window opening behaviour : the relative importance of temperature and carbon dioxide in university office buildings." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/8187/.
Full textChen, Jun. "Occupant behaviour of air conditioning and window use in Chinese residential buildings : thermal comfort and energy efficiency." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648549.
Full textCastilho, Gabriela Mouriño. "Energy behaviour and consumption reduction in service buildings." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/23298.
Full textIn view of the current global scenery, in which several nations are striving against global warming, energy efficiency rises as a cost-effective prospect. As the building sector accounts for over one-fifth of the total delivered energy consumed worldwide, it has great potential for implementing rationalization and energy efficiency measures. Service buildings are expected to have the highest growth in energy consumption when compared to residential buildings and are therefore the focus of this thesis. Energy reduction efforts for service buildings are vast; however, they are concentrated mostly on technological opportunities. Behaviour changes represent a great potential for reducing energy consumption without significant financial costs, but still, they are commonly disregarded. Hence, the present dissertation aims to propose a quantitative methodology to analyze occupants’ behaviours and their impact on energy consumption in service buildings. Results are acquired through the use of dynamic simulation, namely DesignBuilder software. Energy consumption due to behaviour is determined by simulating the occupant interactions with equipment, lighting and HVAC systems. To that end, three occupancy profiles were fixed: standard occupants’ interactions are defined by Decree-Law nº 79/2006; efficient occupants have extreme efficient behaviours leading to energy savings; inefficient ones lead to extreme energy waste. Dynamic simulation results give evidence of the occupancy impact on energy consumption. Efficient behaviours were able to reduce energy consumption by over 34%. However, regardless of the rigorousness of efficient behaviours, waste potential by inefficient occupants was always higher than saving potential. This result highlights the importance of understanding occupant behaviours and its accurate consideration of dynamic simulation tools.
No atual cenário mundial, no qual diversas nações lutam contra o aquecimento global, a eficiência energética se destaca como uma opção viável. O setor de edifícios é responsável pelo consumo de mais de um quinto da energia total gerada, e por isso possui grande potencial para a implementação de medidas de racionalização e eficiência energética. Espera-se que os edifícios de serviços tenham o maior crescimento no consumo de energia quando comparados aos edifícios residenciais, e, portanto, são o foco desta tese. As possibilidades de redução de energia para os edifícios de serviços são vastas; no entanto, estas se concentram principalmente em oportunidades tecnológicas. As mudanças de comportamento representam um grande potencial para reduzir o consumo de energia sem custos financeiros significativos, no entanto ainda são geralmente desconsiderados. Dessa forma, a presente dissertação visa propor uma metodologia quantitativa para análise dos comportamentos dos ocupantes e seu impacto no consumo de energia em edifícios de serviços. Os resultados foram adquiridos através do uso da simulação dinâmica de edifícios, pelo software DesignBuilder. O consumo de energia devido ao comportamento foi determinado pela simulação das interações entre os ocupantes e os equipamentos, sistema de iluminação e de aquecimento, ar condicionado e ventilação. Para este fim, foram considerados três perfis de ocupação: o ocupante de referência teve por base as definições do Decreto-Lei nº 79/2006; os ocupantes eficientes possuem comportamentos extremos e eficientes que levam a economias de energia; ocupantes ineficientes causam um desperdício extremo de energia. Resultados da simulação dinâmica evidenciam o impacto da ocupação no consumo de energia. Comportamentos eficientes . foram capazes de reduzir o consumo em mais de 34%. No entanto, independentemente do rigor dos comportamentos eficientes, o potencial de desperdício de energia pelos ocupantes ineficientes foi, em todos os casos, superior ao potencial de economia energética pelos ocupantes eficientes.Este resultado destaca a importância de compreender os comportamentos dos ocupantes e assegurar sua análise de forma precisa sobre as ferramentas de simulação dinâmica.
Khosrowpour, Ardalan. "Establishing the Need for Tailored Energy Feedback Programs in Buildings." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/82719.
Full textPh. D.
Harpur, Amy. "A detailed investigation into occupant behaviours and influencing factors surrounding fatal dwelling fire incidents in Northern Ireland." Thesis, Ulster University, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.625444.
Full textGrassi, Camila Chagas Anchieta [Verfasser], and M. [Akademischer Betreuer] Schweiker. "Algorithm to simulate occupant behavior in mixed-mode office buildings / Camila Chagas Anchieta Grassi ; Betreuer: M. Schweiker." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1239180519/34.
Full textShah, Nazari Hoda. "Examining the potential for design and renewable energy to contribute to zero energy housing in Queensland." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2014. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/75650/1/Hoda_Shah%20Nazari_Thesis.pdf.
Full textMeng, Yao. "Assessing the effect of new control and payment methods on heating energy consumption and occupant behaviour in Chinese dwellings." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2017. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/25749.
Full textGill, Zachary M. "Building performance evaluation of aspiring low carbon and low energy domestic buildings and the impact of occupant behaviours." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.573398.
Full textCarlander, Jakob. "On the Effect of Occupant Behavior and Internal Heat Gains on the Building’s Energy Demand : A case study of an office building and a retirement home." Licentiate thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Energisystem och byggnadsteknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-35507.
Full textRunt 12% av utsläppen av växthusgaser och 40% av den totala energianvändningen i EU kommer från byggnader. Brukarbeteende, konstruktion och HVAC-system har signifikant påverkan på en byggnads energianvändning. Om en byggnad ska bli så energieffektiv som möjligt är det viktigt att förstå hur dessa parametrar hör ihop. Denna studie motiveras av behovet att minska energianvändning i byggnader för att nå målen för energianvändning och utsläpp av växthusgaser. I denna avhandling användes mätningar av inomhusklimat och elanvändning, tillsammans med tidsdagböcker, för att skapa indata till en energisimuleringsmodell av ett ålderdomshem. En parameterstudie genomfördes för att simulera hur energibehovet påverkades av ändringar i fem olika parametrar i en kontorsbyggnad. Två olika indikatorer för energieffektivitet användes också, för att se hur olika indikatorer påverkar hur en byggnads energieffektivitet uppfattas. Hög grad av vädring och låg elanvändning hade störst påverkan av energibehovet i ålderdomshemmet, och i kontorsbyggnaden påverkades det totala energibehovet mest av elanvändningen. Modellen av ålderdomshemmet där data insamlad på plats användes hade 24% högre värmebehov än modellen som använde standardiserade brukarindata. Det totala energibehovet för värme och kyla i kontorsbyggnaden kunde sänkas med 12-31% genom att sänka elanvändningen med 30% jämfört med standardiserad brukarindata. Det viktigaste för att få ner det totala energibehovet i kontorsbyggnader verkar vara att sänka elanvändningen. Att använda dagens standardvärden för brukarindata överensstämmer inte väl med att använda data insamlad på plats för ett ålderdomshem. Det är därför viktigt att vidareutveckla standardiserad brukarindata. Indikatorn kWh/m2 verkar främja byggnader med låg beläggning. Detta skulle kunna leda till att byggnader utnyttjas på ett ineffektivt sätt. Indikatorn kWh/m2 skulle därför behöva ersättas eller kombineras med en indikator som även tar byggnadens beläggning i beaktande.
Collins, Thomas. "The Influence of Design, Operations, and Occupancy on Plug Loads in Student Housing." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/19258.
Full textBaudains, Catherine Mary. "Environmental education in the workplace : inducing voluntary transport behaviour change to decrease single occupant vehicle trips by commuters into the Perth CBD." Access via Murdoch University Digital Theses Project, 2003. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browser/view/adt-MU20040310.121357.
Full textau, c. baudains@murdoch edu, and Catherine Baudains. "Environmental Education In The Workplace: Inducing voluntary transport behaviour change to decrease single occupant vehicle trips by commuters into the Perth CBD." Murdoch University, 2003. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20040310.121357.
Full textBaudains, Catherine. "Environmental education in the workplace: inducing voluntary transport behaviour change to decrease single occupant vehicle trips by commuters into the Perth CBD." Baudains, Catherine (2003) Environmental education in the workplace: inducing voluntary transport behaviour change to decrease single occupant vehicle trips by commuters into the Perth CBD. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2003. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/236/.
Full textBaudains, Catherine M. "Environmental education in the workplace: Inducing voluntary transport behaviour change to decrease single occupant vehicle trips by commuters into the Perth CBD." Thesis, Baudains, Catherine M. ORCID: 0000-0001-8340-864X (2003) Environmental education in the workplace: Inducing voluntary transport behaviour change to decrease single occupant vehicle trips by commuters into the Perth CBD. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2003. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/236/.
Full textClark, Brian. "The behaviour of rollover protective structures subjected to static and dynamic loading conditions." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2005. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16292/1/Brian_Clark_Thesis.pdf.
Full textClark, Brian. "The behaviour of rollover protective structures subjected to static and dynamic loading conditions." Queensland University of Technology, 2005. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16292/.
Full textKossmann, de Menezes Anna Carolina. "Improving predictions of operational energy performance through better estimates of small power consumption." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2013. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/13549.
Full textVorger, Éric. "Étude de l'influence du comportement des habitants sur la performance énergétique du bâtiment." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENMP0066/document.
Full textHuman behaviour is modelled in a simplistic manner in building energy simulation programs. However, it has a considerable impact and is identified as a major explanatory factor of the discrepancy between simulation results and in situ measurements. Occupants influence buildings energy consumption through their presence and activities, the opening/closing of windows, the actions on blinds, the use of artificial lighting and electrical appliances, the choices of temperature setpoints, and the water consumptions. The thesis proposes a model of occupants' behaviour including all these aspects, according to a stochastic approach, for residential and office buildings. Models' development is based on numerous data from measurements campaigns, sociological surveys and from the scientific literature. The proposed model for occupants' behaviour is coupled to the simulation tool Pléiades+COMFIE. By propagating the uncertainties of factors from the occupants' behaviour model and the thermal model (envelope, climate, systems), the simulation results confidence interval can be estimated, opening the way to an energy performance guarantee process
Seifhashemi, Seyedeh Mahsa. "Impact of cool roof application on commercial buildings: A contribution to sustainable design in Australia." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2015. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/90897/1/Seyedeh%20Mahsa_Seifhashemi_Thesis.pdf.
Full textTalele, Suraj Harish. "Comparative Study of Thermal Comfort Models Using Remote-Location Data for Local Sample Campus Building as a Case Study for Scalable Energy Modeling at Urban Level Using Virtual Information Fabric Infrastructure (VIFI)." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1404602/.
Full textHsu, Shun-Hsiang, and 許舜翔. "Indoor Occupant Behavior Analysis with Multi-Target, Multi-Camera Tracking." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/26vnu7.
Full text國立臺灣大學
土木工程學研究所
107
During the development of society, buildings and people’s daily activities are inseparable. Therefore, the indoor environment has a great impact on the quality of life and researches on building management systems were devoted to achieve the goal of enhancing energy efficiency and occupant comfort. With the increasing trend of IoT application, data analytics approaches had emerged and they can be applied to understand better indoor environment. However, it is problematic in practice to adopt sensing technology due to stochastic nature of occupant behaviors and large-scale monitoring area. Therefore, a cost-effective and accurate method is required to collect data regarding occupant behavior. This research aims to implement a re-identification system for multi-target, multi-camera tracking with surveillance cameras to obtain more reliable occupancy data. In recent years, tracking combined with deep learning techniques has better performance and more robust to visual obstacles like dim-lighting or being partially obstructed than traditional approaches. The advance in tracking gives the opportunity to develop an application for behavior analysis of building occupants. This research proposes the distributed system for tracking cross non-overlapping cameras. Firstly, multiple object tracking is performed under each camera; then, the probe images of occupants provide appearance and location information. Secondly, feature vectors extracted from the images by the convolutional neural network are used to concatenate trajectory data from different cameras. Finally, the concatenated data are analyzed for usage rate of spaces and their distribution in building levels. Moreover, abnormal situations can be detected and tracked cross multiple cameras. With the analysis, the building manager can not only validate and revise the energy strategy but also enhance public safety and better handle emergency conditions.
Wen-ShengLuo and 羅文聖. "Evaluating the effect of temperature change on occupants’ behaviors and subsequent PM2.5 concentration." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/zg2re7.
Full text國立成功大學
環境醫學研究所
105
SUMMARY Impacts of global warming on not only temperature but also air pollutants and human behaviors are more evident in recent years. This study aims to examine the effect of changing climate, in terms of increasing temperature, on indoor PM2.5 profiles. To what extent the changes of occupants’ behaviors resulted from temperature variations involved in the above mentioned association was further determined and quantified. Based on the changing behaviors found to be effective in reducing the indoor PM2.5 exposure, the adaptive strategies could be formulated for residents to refrain themselves from higher PM2.5 exposure under the impact of global warming. Samplings were conducted at 8 households, and at least 4 to 10 times at each home during the study periods. Indoor/outdoor PM2.5 concentration, temperature, building characteristics and occupants’ behaviors were investigated. Occupants’ behaviors were found to affect PM2.5 I/O ratio. The intervention experiments found that lower PM2.5 I/O ratio level were achieved if the frequency of occupants’ behaviors were decreased. In conclusion, the results further characterize the relationship between temperatures, occupants’ behaviors and PM2.5 concentration. An adaptive strategy which could reduce the indoor exposure levels of PM2.5 for occupants under the impact of global warming is suggested. INTRODUCTION Indoor air quality (IAQ) has become more critical while the time people spend indoors is increasing along with global warming. Rising temperatures in polluted regions are associated with increasing peak levels of O3 and PM2.5. Higher ambient air pollutants lead to poor IAQ and are hazardous to human health. This study aims to examine the effect of changing climate, particularly increasing temperature, on the indoor PM2.5 profile, and further to determine the role of occupants’ behaviors and the consequences of temperature changes involved in the association. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study can be divided into two phases. First, 8 homes, in which Taiwan people averagely spend about 90% of their daily time, were selected from 4 major cities of Taiwan. All of them are located within 6 km from the local meteorological stations. The long-term investigation of IAQ profile for at least 4 to 10 times of each home was conducted. Real-time monitors for PM2.5 (TSI Dust-Trak IAQ Monitor Model 8533, 8530) were set at the rooms where occupants spent most of their time when inside the house and the entrance of fresh air to the room. The indoor and ambient temperature was recorded by the HOBO logger (#U10-003) and acquired from Taiwan Central Weather Bureau, respectively. Occupants’ behaviors and building characteristics were recorded by questionnaires. Generalized estimation equation (GEE) was applied to estimate the effect of occupants’ behaviors on indoor PM2.5 concentration. In the second phase, two intervention experiments were conducted to examine whether the level of PM2.5 I/O ratio can be reduced by decreasing the frequency of occupants’ behaviors. The first intervention involves one week of background measurement, and another week of intervening measurement. The second intervention selected two spaces (one control, one intervening room) with the same entrance point of fresh air and collected samples for 24 hours. The occupants were asked to reduce their frequency of behaviors, including opening windows, turning on AC or fans during both intervention periods. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Occupants will start turning on AC or fan when indoor or ambient temperature reach 28°C and 29°C (Figure 1), respectively. With 1°C increase of the ambient/indoor temperature, the probability of turning on AC or fan was higher than the turning off by about 1.31, 1.45, 1.89 and 2.19 times, respectively (Table 1). PM2.5 I/O ratio was also influenced by both indoor and ambient temperature. With 1°C increase of the ambient and indoor temperature, PM2.5 I/O ratio was rising by 0.22 (β= 0.22) and 0.32 (β= 0.32), respectively. The PM2.5 I/O varied with the temperature levels. Comparing to the reference scenario (Table 2), I/O ratio for opening windows, turning on fans or AC were significantly higher by 0.24, 0.29 or 0.41 times, respectively. When turning on AC and fan concurrently, the ratio was 0.47 times higher than that during the reference scenario while opening windows and turning on fans concurrently was 0.48 times higher. The lowest level of I/O ratio was found when windows being closed, AC and fans being turned off. It is suggested that indoor particles could be disturbed and suspended in air while AC/fan is turned on. During intervention period, changing the frequency of human behaviors, influenced by the temperature, can reduce the level of I/O ratio about 0.2 to 5.8%. Based on the finding in the second intervention experiment, closing window or turning off fan can reduce I/O ratio about 16.3% and 3.6%, respectively, on the hourly base. (Table 3). CONCLUSION Human behaviors, including opening window, turning on fan or AC, may affect the relationship between indoor and outdoor PM2.5 concentration. Increase of every 1°C of ambient and indoor temperature, the probability of turning on fan or AC are about 1.26 to 2.19 times higher, compared to the turning off. Increasing frequency of occupants’ behaviors is found in order to maintain a relatively comfortable indoor thermal environment when ambient temperature is rising. However, higher PM2.5 I/O ratio was observed when these behaviors were present. Opening windows, turning on fan or AC, may increase I/O ratio by 0.24, 0.29 and 0.41 times, respectively. On the other hand, by closing window or turning off fan, I/O ratio was lower by 16.3% and 3.6%, respectively, on the hourly base. . A relatively cheap and accessible method to reduce the exposure of PM2.5 by changing the frequency of occupants’ behaviors is proposed based on study resutls.
Zhang, Yan. "Occupant behavior and its impact on energy consumption of urban residential buildings." Phd thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/219635.
Full text(10292846), Zhipeng Deng. "RECOGNITION OF BUILDING OCCUPANT BEHAVIORS FROM INDOOR ENVIRONMENT PARAMETERS BY DATA MINING APPROACH." Thesis, 2021.
Find full textLee, Ta-Chun, and 李大椿. "The Characteristics of Storage Facility and Occupant Storing Behavior in Apartment Buildings in Taipei Area." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/86413248704469213926.
Full text國立臺灣科技大學
建築系
91
There are three objectives in this research : (1) To investigate the characteristics of the household’s objects and storage facilities, including the quantity of both and manufactural categories of storage facilities. (2) To investigate the storing behaviors of the households in apartment buildings. (3) To summarize storage problems in apartment buildings and propose strategies to resolve the problems. The findings of this research are : 1. The inhabitants of apartment buildings in Taipei area own an average quantity of 19.2 M3/per household or 4.8 M3/per member in articles, include about 1/5 unstored objects and the others stored. Where most of the unstored objects are distributed over those spaces of balcony, Japanese rooms and bedrooms, and most of the entire objects and storage facilities are located in the bedrooms, kitchen and family room, that occupy more than a half quantity of the entire housing unit. Also, the inhabitants own an average quantity of 20.6 M3/ per household or 4.86 M3/per member in storage facilities. In which of six types of manufactural categories of storage facilities, the inhabitants prefer to adopt the shop-saled storage furniture far than the others. 2. The storage facilities are needed the most in the studio, living room, master room and kitchen. Most of the inhabitants occupy the public lobby to settle storage facilities for storing shoes, slippers and outdoor articles such as raincoats etc. Most of the inhabitants tend to reduce the household’s objects and increase the storage capacity to match the storage demand, with more than 70%. The inhabitants subjectively willingly prefer to adopt the systematic pre-assembled furniture, the shop-saled the second and the DIY products the third, which shows comparative differentials between the practical existing which mentioned above and the subjective willing of the inhabitants. Most of the inhabitants are unsatisfied with the existing storage situations owing to the housing supply policy and building design issued to the storage demand. The shop-saled furnitures are popularly acceptable for it’s convenient and with various types. At the meantime, most of the inhabitants complain that the storage facility is not enough, especially over the spaces of balcony, Japanese room, master bedroom and studio. Through the field survey, the storage space’s occupation ratio is unefficient even though the inhabitants self-suppose that it’s efficient, in which there is about 1/3 space unused, and also the wasted articles kept in house is up to 18.67%. 3. It is proposed to provide 8.0 M3 /per household member of storage facilities for each or at least 5.6 M3 for each member, or 0.86 M3/per ping in well and 0.6 M3/per ping in low limitation. It is suggested to improve the housing developing programme and building design, also in the interior furnishing and furniture design, by the investors, architects and interior/furniture designers. For the aspect of the users, the well-management could leads to a better results in articles storage by promoting the storage efficiency and throwing away appropriately those wasted articles kept in house.
Wu, Yu-Fang, and 吳瑜芳. "A Preliminary Exploration of Linking Smart Home Technology with Time-Use Based Occupant Energy Consumption Behavior Model." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ut42j4.
Full text國立臺灣科技大學
建築系
104
“Energy conservation and carbon reduction” has become a global effort. Practices and tips to improve household energy efficiency are as follows:(1) encourage occupants to use energy-efficient appliances; (2) improve the building envelope energy efficiency; (3) advocate occupants to develop energy-conscious, etc. There are rarely from the dimension of how to make occupants can immediately understand their household electricity end-use consumption results which trigger occupant’s energy-saving behavior spontaneously or how to maintain the previous patterns of family lifestyle which can also reduce household electricity end-use consumption results, proposing “humanize” energy-saving practices and tips. In addition, ICT technology is upgrading and internet of things era is coming, the related smart home technology may potentially change occupant behavior of energy consumption or save energy automatically. But most of the time smart home developers solely focus on upgrading the specifications or technical innovation which neglect patterns of family lifestyle anywhere There has been little research on whether smart home energy-saving devices are suitable for occupants. Therefore, this study is to investigate how to install smart home energy-saving devices appropriately into the new or existing housing in order to reduce residential energy consumption and change occupant behavior. In this study, the representative households in Minsheng community Taipei are selected as study object. Then (1) based on time-use survey approach to investigate patterns of family lifestyle in Taiwan’s urban areas in order to find out the relationship between residential electricity consumption and occupant behavior. (2) Collecting and finding out the current products and services and their design features and functional specifications related to smart home energy-saving application while exploring the impact factors of residential intelligent levels. And (3) linking smart home energy-saving devices with occupant behavior in order to propose the design guidelines of smart home energy-saving application of urban areas in Taiwan. Based on the above points, the results of this study are shown below: 1. Electricity consumption per household and occupant behavior are highly relevant. 2. The two factors, which are “ability of families to pay” and “occupant behavior”, are determined by the intelligence extent and appropriate technology of smart home devices. 3. This study proposed the design guidelines of smart home energy-saving application of urban areas in Taiwan. (1) HEMS combine with lifestyle services. Instant messages with using electricity and saving tips of HEMS can be triggered and intended to save energy spontaneously. And if HEMS through additional messages with lifestyle services, it will increase the satisfaction of households and encourage energy-saving behavior. (2) Linking smart home energy-saving devices with occupant behavior appropriately which will not impact the previous patterns of family lifestyle and is able to reduce electricity consumption per household.