Relevant bibliographies by topics / Occult economy

Academic literature on the topic 'Occult economy'

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Published: 9 March 2023
Last updated: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Occult economy"

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Bohrer, Ashley J. "Sorcery and Sovereignty: Bodin’s Political Economy of the Occult." Political Theology 21, no. 6 (March 16, 2020): 479–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1462317x.2020.1730539.

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O’Byrne, Ryan Joseph. "Occult Economies, Demonic Gifts, and Ontological Alterity: An Evangelical Biography of Evil and Redemption in Rural South Sudan." Journal of Religion in Africa 50, no. 1-2 (August 10, 2021): 137–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700666-12340182.

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Abstract This paper recounts the autobiography of an evangelical South Sudanese pastor who has been under water to the land of demons, telling of cosmic flows of persons, power, and wealth between times, places, and dimensions. Although it builds on stories circulating across Africa since colonial times and emphasises paradigms found throughout the occult economies literature, what is significant about this autobiography is that it relates the narrator’s own experience. This is important because although these occult elements reference global processes, the narrative given is as much about the local as it is the global. Likewise, it as much spiritual as it is material or economic. My analysis thus goes beyond the occult economy or its material effects and instead demonstrates the ontological alterity and spiritual meaningfulness of such incursions and attempts to push the envelope of academic analyses and interpretations relating to the diverse complexity of religious experience, African or otherwise.
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Jansen, Jan. "Framing Divination: A Mande Divination Expert and The Occult Economy." Africa 79, no. 1 (February 2009): 110–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e0001972008000636.

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This essay describes the skills of a sand divination expert in Mali through consideration of his expert performance. By relating the description of the expert to Goffman's sociology, it is argued that, in addition to his skilled divination techniques, an expert diviner should be capable of establishing and maintaining the frame of his performance. In the case of the expert described in this essay, it is demonstrated that this frame encompasses a unique and dynamic network of social relations, and comprises a complex set of economic and geographical factors. The historical backdrop to the expert's activities is the ‘occult economy’ (the deployment, real or imagined, of magical means for material ends). It is argued that acquiring the skills needed for managing a frame – and a team of people to support the frame – in the conditions described is a major accomplishment. Study of these skills and processes may provide valuable insight into processes of social change at the micro-level.
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Korkman. "Blessing Neoliberalism: Economy, Family, and the Occult in Millennial Turkey." Journal of the Ottoman and Turkish Studies Association 2, no. 2 (2015): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/jottturstuass.2.2.06.

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Newell, Sasha. "Hackers of the heart: digital sorcery and virtual intimacy in Côte d'Ivoire." Africa 91, no. 4 (August 2021): 661–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972021000449.

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AbstractThis is an ethnography of internet scams in Abidjan through which I attempt to develop a theory of digital sorcery. The brouteurs of Côte d'Ivoire impersonate Europeans in social media profiles and seduce others into falling in love with them. After months of flirtatious messaging and photo exchanges, disaster strikes their avatar and they ask for an emergency wire transfer from their digital lover. While millions of euros of income are sent to Abidjan every year, the brouteurs say they can no longer succeed without the use of occult forces, and they turn to marabouts for assistance. During my fieldwork in 2015, rumours circulated that brouteur wealth depended on the blood sacrifice of children for its success. As Ivoirians increasingly employ smartphones and social media in their daily life, the anxieties concerning the illusions and manipulations of the virtual world become enmeshed with those of the occult second world. I suggest that the overlap between hacker technology, con artistry and occult power outlined in Ivoirian urban rumour suggests a model for rethinking the space of virtuality in the global economy as a form of magical semiosis, one that can be every bit as vitality draining as witchcraft itself.
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Lindhardt, Martin. "More Than Just Money: The Faith Gospel and Occult Economies in Contemporary Tanzania." Nova Religio 13, no. 1 (August 1, 2009): 41–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nr.2009.13.1.41.

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This article examines the relationship between the Faith Gospel in a Tanzanian prosperity ministry and "occult economies," described as discourses and practices relating the means of generating wealth to an occult and morally ambiguous dimension. The author argues that in addition to offering miraculous means of attaining material ends, the Faith Gospel provides ways of dealing with moral and perceived dangerous aspects of wealth and accumulation. This argument is pursued through a focus on ritualized offerings, seen as a "gift economy" along the lines described by Marcel Mauss. In offerings, coins and bills are purified and invested with complex human and divine qualities, turning them into personalized gifts rather than neutral mediums of exchange. Finally the author discusses how born-again Christians come to terms with the absence of immediate divine countergifts, in part by emphasizing the cultural value of slowness and transparency.
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Finnström, Sverker. "KONY 2012, Military Humanitarianism, and the Magic of Occult Economies." Africa Spectrum 47, no. 2-3 (August 2012): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000203971204702-307.

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The global success of the film KONY 2012 by Invisible Children, Inc., manifests far greater magical powers than those of Joseph Kony and his ruthless Lord's Resistance Army, which it portrays. The most prominent feature of the Invisible Children lobby is the making and constant remaking of a master narrative that depoliticizes and dehistoricizes a murky reality of globalized war into an essentialized black-and-white story. The magic of such a digestible storyline, with Ugandan rebel leader Joseph Kony as a global poster boy for evil personified, not only plays into the hands of the oppressive Ugandan government but has also become handy for the US armed forces as they seek to increase their presence on the African continent. As the US-led war on terror is renewed and expanded, Invisible Children's humanitarian slogan, “Stop at nothing”, has proven to be exceptionally selective, manifesting the occult economy of global activism that calls for military interventions.
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Calvão, Filipe. "The Company Oracle: Corporate Security and Diviner-Detectives in Angola's Diamond Mines." Comparative Studies in Society and History 59, no. 3 (June 7, 2017): 574–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417517000172.

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AbstractIn 1957, the security force of Angola's colonial diamond mining company recruited African diviners to help them solve a case of diamond theft in Lunda. This event reveals a peculiar convergence of divinatory practices with techniques of corporate surveillance in Lunda's political economy of security. In their overlapping features of secrecy and control, divination and corporate security can be understood as historically aligned evidentiary practices, or what I call “corporate divination.” By examining divinatory rituals in tandem with the “occult” apparatus of corporate surveillance, and the figure of a colonial sorcerer-detective renowned for his “divinatory” prowess, I ask how such seemingly opposed modes of knowledge production eroded or shored up colonial rule. The cultural significance of divination within the context of a mining company, I suggest, exposes the conditions under which a colonial corporation appropriates the social world in which it intervenes, and conversely, the cultural resources that potentially shape or undermine corporate life in a colonial context.
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Kusimba, Chapurukha M. "The social context of iron forging on the Kenya coast." Africa 66, no. 3 (July 1996): 386–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1160959.

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Ironsmiths occupy an important yet ambiguous position in many African societies. They are both revered and feared, because they wield social power which arises from their access to occult knowledge, not only of metallurgy but of healing, divination, circumcision and peacemaking. In some societies smiths enjoy high status and are the wealthiest people. In others they are feared, covertly maligned, and blamed for societal misfortunes. In still others the smiths' position is often marginal except when they are needed to intercede on their society's behalf to solve natural or cultural predicaments. The forge or smithy plays a central role in the community as tool-making centre, a place of refuge from violence, of purification, and for healing. This article examines the social context of iron forging among the ironsmiths of the Kenya coast, focusing on the role of iron forging in the coastal economy, the forge, the smiths' life cycle, the institution of apprenticeship, the ritual and technical power of smiths, the role of women in the smiths' community, and the future of iron forging on the coast. It is argued that, while coastal smiths are marginal and despised, they hold important ritual and spiritual powers in coastal society. The article concludes that a detailed understanding of the traditional crafts historically practised on the coast can do much to illuminate the complex history of coastal society.
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Karavayeva, Yuliya S., and Anna A. Kosmovskaya. "Policy of counteraction against occult practices in Russia: historical and legal analysis (the 17th to the 21st centuries)." Vestnik of Kostroma State University, no. 3 (2019): 199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/1998-0817-2019-25-3-199-205.

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This article deals with the problem of countering occult practices in Russia in the 17th to the 21st centuries. At certain historical stages of development of the Russian state, the legislator offers various legal assessments of occult services. Thus, depending on the socio-political situation, these services were either recognised as criminal or received a neutral assessment. The results of a sociological study with the participation of the population of Perm and Perm Land, as well as an analysis of the relevant provisions of the monuments of Russian law and current legislation allow the authors to formulate their own position regarding the specifics of legal opposition to occult practices in the context of the current socio-economic situation. The authors state that the assignment of occult services to economic activities, their widespread distribution and conformity with the world outlook of the majority of the population impede the legal recognition of the crime of occult practices.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Occult economy"

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Fink, Richard William. "The Commercialization of the Afterlife: Spiritualism's Supernatural Economy, 1848-1900." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2010. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/69792.

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History
M.A.
Spiritualism was a popular cultural movement that flourished in the late-19th century across the United States and eventually Europe. While there were many facets of its philosophy, the primary conviction behind Spiritualism was that spirits of the dead could communicate with the living through human mediums. Although this basic definition of Spiritualism is virtually uncontested in contemporary scholarship, the cultural causes of the movement remain a highly debated topic. Historians have proposed a variety of theories for Spiritualism's inception, but none have yet to explore the economic motivations behind the movement. Spiritualism was, in fact, a vital commercial enterprise that spurred entrepreneurial and consumption opportunities for thousands of nascent capitalists. During the movement's prime, a host of Spiritualist merchandise was mass produced and marketed, including talking boards, spirit photographs, séances, and planchettes. Together, these products were produced and consumed in what became an "economy of the supernatural"--a thriving industry based on the desire to communicate with deceased humans. Through analysis of product advertisements and opinions raised about the issue found in mass media, this thesis will demonstrate that economic motivation was behind every aspect of Spiritualist practice. No part of the movement was left untouched by the desire for financial gain. Furthermore, this thesis argues that while various cultural forces influencing Spiritualism would diminish over time, the movement was able to sustain itself through the development of an economy of supernatural products and services, many of which continue to be produced to this very day.
Temple University--Theses
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Oates, Lori Lee. "Secrecy redefined : print culture and the globalization of occult philosophies in the long nineteenth century." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/22039.

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This thesis seeks to examine the relationship between occult religion and the global circulation of texts. For some time now, scholars have rejected the secularism thesis or the idea that there has been a decline of religion in the post-Enlightenment period. Today, we largely accept that religion did not actually decline or disappear but, rather, it has changed form. Religion shifted from traditional religious institutions to become an aspect of aesthetic culture, available through the commercial economy. My work explores how the relationship between the book and commercial religion emerged and evolved during the long nineteenth century. Occultism has long been viewed as an aspect of the rise of secular society following the Enlightenment. This thesis proposes a new lens through which we can view the evolution of occultism, seeing it as a response to growth in global networks of empire and the commercialization of religion through the printed word. It explores how the nature of the transmission of occultism shifted, particularly during the final decades of the nineteenth century. Antoine Faivre’s foundational text Access to Western Esotericism (1994) put forward the concept of the transmission of occultism as something that occurs between a disciple and an initiate. My thesis, however, argues that the widening of print activity and literacy expanded the opportunities for initiation into magic to occur more broadly, changing the nature of who could become an initiate. As such, secrecy around magic became redefined. It shifted from being a pursuit of the literate elite to something that was widely available. This analysis is delivered in four chapters. The introduction examines the relationship between literature and nineteenth-century occultism. It also discusses the influence of globalization. Chapter one discusses the occult in post-revolutionary France and the influence of Egyptian orientalism on French occultism. Chapter two addresses Victorian occultism and discusses the context of a growing Victorian literary industry. Chapter three addresses the Theosophical Society as an agent of globalized and commercialized religion. It also addresses the importance of British imperialism in India. Finally, chapter four discusses the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn and the resurgence of Egyptian orientalism and elitism in British occultism.
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D'ANGELO, LORENZO. "L'eco-nomia occulta delle miniere di diamanti della Sierra Leone." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/18736.

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Diamond mining in Sierra Leone has always been a risky activity that may be associated with both danger, violence and crime as well as success, wealth and even happiness. Those who decide to work or invest their own money in a mining venture know that they are taking a risk; many of them go as far as comparing mining to gambling. The distribution of alluvial diamonds in the ground is irregular and there are no existing instruments or methods that can guarantee their presence. Not surprisingly some miners rely on magic-religious interpretations that help them make sense of the most unpredictable, risky and random events. Drawing upon ethnographic research in the diamond mining sites of Sierra Leone, my thesis uses an historical materialist approach to analyses the point of views of the artisanal and small scale diamond miners on risk and uncertainty. In particular, my thesis focuses on the link between the forms of material production and the imaginaries of diamond mining. My aim is to analyse miners’ ideas and practises in their specific historical, political and cultural context by considering the wide range of moral notions circulating among the workers. To sum up, my thesis considers the cultural production of a mineral resource in the global arena of capitalism.
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Walker, Andrew. "An economic evaluation of mass population screening for colorectal cancer using a faecal occult blood test." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1993. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11302/.

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Cancer of the colon and rectum is a major cause of ill-health. Options for reducing the burden of the disease include primary prevention, screening for early stage asymptomatic disease and improvements in the treatment of symptomatic disease. If the policy objective is to make a major impact on mortality from the disease then screening appears to be the only technically feasible option. One indication of asymptomatic colorectal cancer is small quantities of blood mixed with faeces. Screening tests capable of detecting bleeding are currently being evaluated in clinical trials. Interim measures of the costs and disease yield of a screening programme using a faecal occult blood test imply that screening may offer good value for money but only if the intended mortality reduction from the disease is realised. There are various ways of 'fine-tuning' the screening programme to improve the balance of costs and benefits; information for making choices regarding important parameters such as the age range of the population to be offered screening are presented. Alternative screening tests are also evaluated and the results presented in terms of the cost-yield trade-off. The policy implications of the evaluation must be qualified at this stage since no proof of mortality reduction will be available until the conclusion of the ongoing trial. Nevertheless, under various assumptions about the impact of screening, the option appears to be an efficient way of reducing the health 'costs' of colorectal cancer.
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Lee, Dylan B. "Occupy This: The Effect of Income Inequality on GDP Per Capita Growth Using Panel Data in the United States from 1963 to 2009." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/311.

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Income inequality and its relationship to long-term GDP per capita growth has been researched for decades since the development of the Kuznet’s Curve. Theoretical and empirical research has shown mixed results including positive, negative, non-existent, or statistically insignificant relationships. Empirical research on income inequality and economic growth in the United States has also shown mixed results. In addition to using existing data, this paper uses originally-constructed Gini Coefficients from 2005 to 2009. A statistically significant negative correlation between income inequality, and both short-term growth and long-term growth is found in the analysis of this data. Finally, this paper attempts to justify a causal relationship between income inequality and long-term growth.
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Koen, Devon William. "Investigating the potential of social media in instigating protest action : comparative study between Occupy Wall Street and Occupy JSE events." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021071.

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In light of the cyber-activist simulated incidences dubbed Occupy Wall Street in New York City, New York, USA and the mirrored Occupy JSE movement in Johannesburg, South Africa, the internet and its social media networking sites have been instrumental in facilitating both the dissemination of information as well as facilitating a mediated environment for activists to coordinate online and offline protest action. This research examines the extent to which activists for social change have used social media sites such as Facebook, YouTube, web blogs and other online forums to garner support for their cause as well as generate social mobilization by creating awareness of the economic disparities in their respective societies. Established theories of social presence have been used to explain the relevance and role of social media tools in instigating social mobilization whether online or offline. This discussion focuses on the Occupation Movements staged in various countries globally and to what extent social media played in facilitating social change. It is important to note that the video footage and other social media data under analysis is specifically that which was uploaded onto YouTube and the subsequent URL links posted on Facebook. By scrutinizing these videos and calls for action as well as the comments posted by the international online community, this research elucidates the ‘trickling down effect’ of this type of cyber-activism on the behavioural patterns of contemporary South African society, and further argues that this process is indicative in the resultant Occupy JSE movement.
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Afifi, Rola. "La politique d’aide au développement de l’Union européenne dans le territoire palestinien occupé : vers l’établissement d’un État palestinien." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCB222.

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La thèse vise à examiner les politiques d'aide au développement de l'Union européenne (UE) et leur impact sur les conditions politiques, économiques, sécuritaires et sociales dans le Territoire palestinien occupé (TPO). De plus, elle vise à répondre à la question de savoir si ces politiques ont concrètement contribué à la construction d'une économie palestinienne solide conduisant à l'établissement d'un État palestinien, ou si elles étaient seulement des politiques destinées à protéger un processus de paix, délabré en permanence, et à maintenir le statu quo de l'occupation tout en répondant aux exigences de survie de la population palestinienne. L'étude met en lumière l'évolution de la politique d'aide européenne au peuple palestinien en accordant de l'intérêt à l'évolution de la politique étrangère de l'UE envers le conflit palestino-israélien et aux institutions en charge de la coopération au développement avec les pays tiers au sein de l'Union. La présente recherche a pour objet l'aide accordée par l'UE aux Palestiniens pour la période s'étendant de 1993 à 2014. Elle met en évidence un ensemble de résultats, dont le plus important est que cette aide a joué un rôle éminent afin d'éviter l'effondrement de l'Autorité nationale palestinienne (ANP) et d'aider le peuple palestinien. Elle s'est diversifiée au cours des années, en quantité et en qualité, afin de s'adapter à la situation politique, économique et humanitaire dans le TPO. Elle a contribué aux réformes réussies effectuées par l'ANP dans plusieurs secteurs, et elle a davantage soutenu les plans nationaux palestiniens de développement. Pourtant, cette aide n'a réussi ni à freiner les politiques de dé-développement pratiquées systématiquement par l'occupation, ni à mettre de la pression sur Israël. Cette recherche souligne que cette aide ne réalisera pas ses objectifs, notamment celui de l'établissement d'un État palestinien viable coexistant avec l’État d'Israël en paix et en sécurité, tant que l'UE n'utilisera pas son pouvoir économique et ne transformera pas sa rhétorique en actions concrètes sur le terrain
The study aims to examine the policies of development aid of the European Union (EU) and their impact on the political, economic, security and social conditions in the occupied Palestinian territory (OPT). In addition, it seeks to answer the question whether these policies have helped to build a strong Palestinian economy leading to the establishment of a Palestinian state, or if they were only policies to protect the peace process, permanently dilapidated, and maintain the status quo of the occupation while meeting the basic requirements of survival of the Palestinian population. The study highlights the evolution of the European political support to the Palestinian people by highlighting the evolution of EU foreign policy towards the Palestinian-Israeli conflict and the institutions responsible for the development cooperation with third countries within the Union. This research relates to the aid granted by the EU to the Palestinians for the period extending from 1993 to 2014. It highlights a set of results, the most important is that this aid has played a prominent role in avoiding the collapse of the Palestinian National Authority (PNA) and in helping the Palestinian people. It has diversified over the years, both in quantity and quality, to fit the political, economic and humanitarian situation in the OPT. It contributed to the successful reforms carried out by the PNA in several sectors, and has further supported the Palestinian national development plans. However, this aid has not succeeded to curb the de-development policies systematically practiced by the occupation or to put pressure on Israel. This research underlines that this aid will not achieve its objectives, including that of the establishment of a viable Palestinian state coexisting with the State of Israel in peace and security, as long as the EU does not use its economic power and does not turn its rhetoric into concrete action on the ground
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Putnářová, Zuzana. "Are the Peripheries Trapped in Their Initial Economic Positions od does Convergence with the Cores Occur? The Case of the Central European Countries/Regions." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-16385.

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Gerster, Karin Anne [Verfasser], and Oliver J. [Akademischer Betreuer] Schlumberger. "What Changes Occur in Society When Influential Social Actors Receive Political Rents? Palestinian Non-Governmental Organizations. Their Socio-Economic, Social and Political Impact on Palestinian Society / Karin Anne Gerster ; Betreuer: Oliver J. Schlumberger." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1196878013/34.

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Banha, Francisco Miguel de Sousa. "Memories of an entrepreneur's career : when successes and failures occur and what lessons they teach." Master's thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/15541.

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The purpose of this thesis was to tap the autobiographical memory of entrepreneurs as a resource for learning about successes and failures of relevance to their careers. In an online survey, entrepreneurs were asked to recall experiences of success and failure, date these experiences, and assess how much they learnt as a result. I examined the types of experiences reported, their timing, and learning from success and failure. I also compared how user entrepreneurs differ from non-user entrepreneurs on the above dimensions. Results showed interesting regularities about the timing of memories of success versus failure. Consistent with the extant literature on learning from experience, I found that entrepreneurs learn more from failure, and that they tend to attribute success to internal factors, whereas they attribute failure to external factors. I found that user entrepreneurs report learning less from both experiences of success and failure, but the knowledge user entrepreneurs possess at the start of their careers is positively associated with subsequent learning from experience. I discuss the implications of these findings for the study of entrepreneurship and suggest directions for future research.
O objectivo da presente tese foi utilizar memórias autobiográficas de empreendedores como um recurso para estudar sucessos e fracassos relevantes para as suas carreiras. Utilizando um questionário online, foi pedido aos empreendedores para recordarem experiências de sucesso e fracasso, datá-las, e avaliar o quanto aprenderam através das mesmas. Eu examinei os tipos de experiências recordadas, o seu momento cronológico, e a aprendizagem pelos sucessos e pelos fracassos. Adicionalmente comparei como os empreendedores usuários diferem dos empreendedores não usuários nas dimensões acima definidas. Os resultados demonstraram padrões interessantes sobre a cronologia das memórias de sucesso versus fracasso. Consistente com a extensa literatura sobre aprendizagem pela experiência, encontrei evidências que os empreendedores aprendem mais através dos fracassos, e que os mesmos tendem a atribuir os sucessos a factores internos, enquanto tendem a atribuir os fracassos a factores externos. Eu descobri igualmente que os empreendedores usuários reportaram aprender menos quer pelos sucessos quer pelos fracassos, mas que o conhecimento que estes empreendedores possuem no início da sua carreira está positivamente associado com mais aprendizagem pela experiência. Eu apresento as implicações destes resultados para o estudo do empreendedorismo e sugiro direcções para futura investigação.
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Books on the topic "Occult economy"

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David, Barsamian, ed. Occupy the economy: Challenging capitalism. San Francisco: City Lights Books, 2012.

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After Occupy: Economic Democracy for the 21st Century. New York, USA: Oxford University Press, USA, 2014.

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François, Jean-Pierre. Vol d'identité: Le conseiller occulte de Mitterrand raconte. Paris: Albin Michel, 2000.

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Comaroff, John L. Occult economies and the violence of abstraction: Notes from the South African postcolony. Chicago: American Bar Foundation, 1998.

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Occupy!: Scenes from occupied America. London: Verso, 2011.

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Occupy movement: Origens and future : the majority becomes the economic underclass and rebels. United States]: [Zalman P. Saperstein], 2012.

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Morrow, Alice Mills. Property division & spousal support when divorce occurs. Corvallis, Or: Oregon State University Extension Service, 1998.

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Morrow, Alice Mills. Property division & spousal support when divorce occurs. Corvallis, Or: Oregon State University Extension Service, 1998.

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Morrow, Alice Mills. Property division and spousal support when divorce occurs. Corvallis, Or: Extension Service, Oregon State University, 1993.

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Morrow, Alice Mills. Making financial decisions when divorce occurs: An Oregon guide. [Corvallis, Or: Oregon State University Extension Service, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Occult economy"

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Tullock, Gordon. "Why Did the Industrial Revolution Occur in England?" In The Political Economy of Rent-Seeking, 409–19. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-1963-5_28.

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Brahm, Laurence J. "Conclusion The Post Occupy World: Imagine an Economy Without Greed." In Fusion Economics, 225–33. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137444189_17.

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King, Carey W. "Macromodel on the Wall, How Does Growth Occur, After All?" In The Economic Superorganism, 249–304. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50295-9_6.

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Shumilina, Vera, and Alexander Kim. "ANALYSIS OF THE MARKET FOR "MAGIC" SERVICES AND THE PROBLEMS OF ITS LEGAL REGULATION." In Socio-economic and legal problems of modern society, 121–30. au: AUS PUBLISHERS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26526/chapter_61e7f12a9d8368.63513269.

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Since antiquity, magic and the occult have had great popularity among all walks of life. Nowadays, by its popularity, magic and its elements are extremely popular. Because of this, this field is crowded with a large number of fraudsters who take advantage of people's "naivety" and their belief in miracles. This article will examine the relationship between science, magic and religion, separating each concept from the other. Legal ways of regulating this type of activity and ways of dealing with such an unusual phenomenon, which can neither be seen nor touched, will be considered
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Nolan, Peter. "Why Do Famines Occur and How Can They Be Avoided? A Critique of A.K. Sen on Famine, with Special Reference to China." In State and Market in the Chinese Economy, 123–72. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230373082_6.

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Larson, Donald F., and Kevin L. Bloodworth. "Mechanization and the Intersectoral Migration of Agricultural Labor." In Emerging-Economy State and International Policy Studies, 271–85. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5542-6_20.

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AbstractFor most countries, the historical path to development includes a sectoral shift of labor from agriculture to other sectors, an inflow of capital to agriculture, and a boost in land productivity. Early in the process of structural transformation, when populations are primarily rural and agrarian, the pace of sectoral migration can appear slow, as births that occur in much larger rural populations nearly match out-migration. As populations become increasingly urban, the dynamics shift, as rural populations experience continued out-migration matched with a declining share of births. This sets the stage for rising wages and labor-saving mechanization in agriculture. In many places, mechanization is associated with economies of scale that encourage a transformation in farm structures toward larger farms. Still, farm structures have been slow to change in Asia and Africa, where most farms are small, limiting potential productivity gains. This chapter uses a cross-country panel of data spanning five decades to examine the relationships among sectoral migration, gaps in sectoral incomes, and mechanization.
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Bongaarts, John, and Dennis Hodgson. "Socio-Economic Determinants of Fertility." In Fertility Transition in the Developing World, 51–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11840-1_4.

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AbstractThe fertility levels of developing countries correlate with many socio-economic variables including girls’ or women’s education, infant and child mortality, GDP/capita, and percent urban. To determine whether these correlations are causal or simply due to collinearity we rely on multivariate fixed effect regression analyses. The results identify women’s education as the most important determinant of fertility, which is consistent with past studies. Next, we examine the relationship between education and fertility over the course of transitions from 1960 and 2015 in individual developing countries. Instead of finding continuous relationships during the transitions, several puzzling anomalies appear. In the pre-transition phase, fertility is unresponsive to rising education resulting in delays in the onset of transition. Once a few countries in a region enter the transition, other countries follow sooner than expected and over time the onset of the transition occurs at ever lower levels of education. Moreover, once a transition is underway, fertility in many countries declines more rapidly than can plausibly be expected from rising education levels alone. To explain these anomalies, we rely on several concepts that have been neglected in conventional demographic theories: diffusion processes, social norms, and family planning programs.
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von Freeden, Justus, Jesper de Wit, Stefan Caba, Carsten Lies, and Oliver Huxdorf. "Modular Car Design for Reuse." In Systemic Circular Economy Solutions for Fiber Reinforced Composites, 229–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22352-5_12.

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AbstractThe design of reusable composite structures for cars needs high constructional effort. The car must be divided into separable modules meeting ecologic and economic requirements. Here, a battery containing platform and a seating structure were selected as large components with high potential for reuse. In a first step the desired car is described setting the basic scenario. A carsharing vehicle shows perfect conditions due to low logistics effort and the business model of the owner. This sets the boundary conditions for the design of the platform. Two different approaches were tested and merged into a concept ready for reuse. Simulations of the stiffness and the crash performance show good values. First large CFRP profiles were produced in a complex pultrusion process. An associated seating structure following similar design principles was constructed using profiles and nods. All load-cases that can occur during the utilization phase could be beared. Both modules together can form the basis of a reusable car. The design principles like detachable joints—in particular the utilization of detachable adhesive connections—can be adapted for any other technical composite product.
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Mukharji, Projit Bihari. "Magic of Business: Occult Forces in the Bazaar Economy." In Rethinking Markets in Modern India, 85–115. Cambridge University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108762533.004.

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Bosco, Joseph, Lucia Huwy-Min Liu, and Matthew West. "Underground lotteries in China: the occult economy and capitalist culture." In Economic Development, Integration, and Morality in Asia and the Americas, 31–62. Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/s0190-1281(2009)0000029004.

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Conference papers on the topic "Occult economy"

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Pil, E. A. "Theoretical possible scenarios for the development economic crises and the way out of them." In Scientific achievements of the third millennium. SPC "LJournal", 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/scienceconf-06-2021-14.

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The article deals with the issues of classification different kinds of scenarios for countries using surfaces which their economy and population can occupy. Some formulas which are presented in this article allow us to calculate these surfaces. Present 2D-figures show us how economic crises can develop during time.
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Umarov, Khodjamahmad. "National Interests and Eurasian Economic Integration." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.01167.

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Integration processes, both on global and on regional levels faced serious barriers. Research of these barriers shows that they are connected with irreversible nature of integration processes. The last 30 years behind some exceptions these processions consisted an essence of economic globalization and regionalization trends. Economic integration was focused on realization of small group of oligarchs and the state bureaucrats’ interests. Such orientation with inevitability brought into an impasse which can be explained as the serious crisis phenomenon. In the report the assessment of influence of interests on economic integration is given. Only national interests can appear as influential socio-economic factor of integration processes development. The fullest implementation of national interests directs integration processes on the way of creation of necessary vital conditions for the vast majority of the population. It is, especially, important for the Euroasian space where labor segments of the population occupy the main part of the population and where inertia of the Soviet system is still felt in the economy sphere. Very important is the question of conceptual bases of the Euroasian economic integration. Latter is based on ideology of neoliberal economic school. Development of integration processes in line with a certain neoliberal theory can lead to structural degradation of economy, to transformation of economy of the countries of EuroSEC in mineral and raw appendage of the developed countries. The same situation possible to see in other economic unions of Asia, Africa and Latin America countries.
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Bubić, Jasenka, and Luka Bašić. "IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON THE GLOBAL ECONOMY: IS FEAR OF AN INFLATION PANDEMIC JUSTIFIED?" In NORDSCI Conference Proceedings. Saima Consult Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/nordsci2021/b2/v4/20.

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International economies are fragile and vulnerable to the various volatilities that occur, due to classic economic imbalances caused by financial meltdowns, inflated balloons, or other internal and external macroeconomic shocks, due to unforeseen phenomena in the form of the economic term "black swan". The first focus of the paper was placed on examining the real impact of the virus on key macroeconomic indicators of the global economy and what is the attitude of international politics when it comes to creating a crisis structure. The implementation of the policy seen since the beginning of the 2020 crisis has led to the strengthening of an economic doctrine that is mitigating and out of mind, which has again shown that the world of central banks is easy on the "monetary trigger". The second focus of the work is singled out as a subtheme, where the current situation with China's Evergrande is to be addressed and how much impact the ultimate negative outcome can leave on the current recovery of the world economy. For the past twenty or thirty years, China's economic picture has led it to the world's second strongest economy, thanks precisely to the strong implementation of China's development policy. But rightly the world wonders what the real growth of the Chinese economy is. Labour's third focus has been placed on the issue of inflation as a potentially long-term problem. The implementation of the agreed policy over the last year and a half is a realistic reflection of the current situation with inflation. It is crucial to process whether its sudden jump can be a long-term problem for the entire economic structure of the European and global economies. Whether inflation can be corrected in the long run through the law of supply and demand, as has always been shown so far, needs to be seen.
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De Leo´n, David, and Ce´sar Orgega. "Calculation of Indirect Losses for the Risk Analysis of an Offshore Oil Complex in Mexico." In ASME 2004 23rd International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2004-51356.

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Indirect losses result from the economical disruption after a catastrophic event destroys most of the production facilities of a certain industry, as a consequence other economic sectors may be affected. The magnitude of these losses depends on importance of the economic links between the sectors and on the elapsed time before all the economical activities of all sectors are restarted. The model is adapted after the Leontief Input-Output representation and actual figures of the Mexican economy are used to estimate the level of the economical disruption that would occur by assuming that a hurricane provokes the collapse of an oil complex in Mexico. This calculation may be used to generate redundancy measures capable to mitigate the risk exposure of the national economy regarding the potential occurrence of powerful hurricanes on the offshore oil production area of Mexico.
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Наталья, Паздникова. "SHADOW ECONOMY MANAGEMENT: MODERN DATA ANALYTICS." In MODERN CITY: POWER, GOVERNANCE, ECONOMICS. Publishing House of Perm National Research Polytechnic University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/65.049-66/2020.25.

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The article demonstrates the analytical data system used in public administration. At the same time, indicators are reflected that today in this data system occupy key positions in assessing the level of the shadow sector in the economy. It is concluded that it is necessary to use modern digital technologies to identify the true reasons for the growth of the criminal component.
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Афанасьев, В., and V. Afanas'ev. "MORPHODYNAMICS OF COASTAL TIDAL SUBARCTIC SEAS AFTER A STABLE TRANSITION OF AVERAGE DAILY TEMPERATURE THROUGH 0 AND COASTAL PROTECTION." In Sea Coasts – Evolution ecology, economy. Academus Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b5ce387b8bb03.63862372.

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It was noted that in a homogeneous coastal bluffs, the beach at comparable settings (the basic structure of the wave energy dissipation), and hydrodynamic effects (tides, surges, long waves and wind), the most intense erosion occurs in November–January. During this period, at the upper levels of the coastal profile, which are equilibrium for storm conditions with maximum tides, beach sediments are freezing and the consequent deterioration of their dissipation properties. Loss of redistribution of snow and blizzard in the profile essentially simulates morphodynamics beach properties at this time.
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Danilevičienė, Irena, and Boguslavas Gruževskis. "The Influence of Wage on the Economic Development in Lithuania." In Contemporary Issues in Business, Management and Education. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/cbme.2017.026.

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One of the major objective of each country is to ensure the economic development. The ability to set the efficient wage allows to economic development. The systematic researches of different scientists have shown that the wage must be harmoniously related to general trends of economic development. The essence of classical economics is that lower labour costs had a positive impact on the production cost and make the product more competitive. In nowadays, economy a linear relationship occurs only partially. An open labour market, especially in welfare states, and in the long-term perspective low wage inadequate to standards of living often have a negative impact on economic development. Negative factors of economic development and wage non-compliance occurs within the worker goes from national to foreign labour market. The objective of this article is to analyze these trends in general terms with emphasis on the situation in Lithuania, where from 2008–2014 years disproportion between economic development and wage level were the highest among the European Union countries. In the article, also the possibilities of economic development for using the universal progress indicator and features of wage determination are discussed. At the end of the article are concluded, that during the analyzed period (until 2015 year) Lithuania was a country, where economic development has been stopped by the improper wage determination.
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Кравчуновская, Е., E. Kravchunovskaya, И. Тембрел, I. Tembrel, С. Горин, and S. Gorin. "EXTREME STORM EVENTS ON OKTYABR’SKAYA SPIT." In Sea Coasts – Evolution ecology, economy. Academus Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b5ce3ad22e234.55317758.

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Extreme storm events occur on Oktyabr’skaya spit (Kamchatka) every year and destroy the only road connecting Oktyabr’skii village with the mainland. 30.11.2011 and 2.04.2012 we had a unique possibility to be on the spit at the time of such events. Significant geomorphic change occurred and the road was damaged. We documented the processes, as well as the effects.
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Zhai, Ruirui, Pengfei Jiang, Shuai He, and Aiping Zhou. "How Does Host or Participate in Standards Influence the Ability of Enterprises to Occupy the Market?" In Fifth International Conference on Economic and Business Management (FEBM 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.201211.122.

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Simko, N. N., and M. P. Ogorodnikova. "Financial management in Russia and abroad." In VIII Information school of a young scientist. Central Scientific Library of the Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32460/ishmu-2020-8-0025.

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Development of financial management in each country occurs in a unique way It is due to historical traditions, administrative structure, internal and foreign policy of the state (aimed to improving the socio-economic situation in the country), the needs of various economic structures and organizations of the public administration system, including those aimed to centralizing (decentralizing) the management of financial flows of the country. In the paper, relevance of the research topic is due to strengthening the role of financial management under conditions of digitalization of the economy and searching the ways to improve the effectiveness of financial management in Russia including on the basis of domestic experience and the experience of developed foreign countries.
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Reports on the topic "Occult economy"

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Goya, Daniel. Marshallian and Jacobian Externalities in Creative Industries. Inter-American Development Bank, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003992.

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Marshallian externalities are the benefits obtained by a sector due to geographical agglomeration, and Jacobian effects are spillovers related to the novel combinations that can occur in cities with diversified economic activities. This paper argues that most of the quantitative literature on creative industries is asking whether they are a source of Marshallian or Jacobian effects, inasmuch as a stronger creative sector is a direction of diversification that is likely to have positive spillovers to the rest of the economy. Exploring both questions under a common framework, the results are consistent with the existence of Marshallian but not of Jacobian effects, which calls to caution when making policy suggestions regarding the sector. The degree of specialization in creative sectors is associated with higher sales and a higher number of rms in those sectors, albeit at a decreasing rate. A similar relationship is found for specialization in creative occupations and the incomes of those workers. Though there is no evidence of spillovers from creative industries in general to the rest of the economy, analyses at a more disaggregated level could produce different results and useful insights for policy.
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КЛЕАНДРОВ, Михаил Иванович. О ПРАВОВОМ РЕГУЛИРОВАНИИ ОТНОШЕНИЙ В СФЕРЕ "ЗЕЛЕНОЙ" ЭКОНОМИКИ ПРИ КОРОНАВИРУСНОЙ ПАНДЕМИИ 2020 Г. DOI CODE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/0131-5226-2021-02888.

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The article deals with the problems of legal regulation of public relations in the field of “green” economy in the extreme conditions of the coronavirus pandemic in 2020. It is noted that this pandemic is another in a series of other pandemics, and certainly not the last, and therefore the general – extreme – legal regulation of public relations, including in the field of “green” economy, should also provide for future catastrophes of an epidemiological nature that may occur, negatively and on a large scale affecting the economy. In the meantime, the article concludes that no effective legislative and regulatory acts of an extreme nature have been adopted to ensure the sustainability of the “green” economy in the context of the coronavirus pandemic. Proposals are being made to address this problem.
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McCall, Jamie, and Jason Sabatelle. Alternative Non-Economic Measures of CDFI Lending Impact: An Exploratory Analysis. Carolina Small Business Development Fund, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46712/alternative.impact.

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CDFI impacts are overwhelmingly viewed through an economic lens. Little consideration is given to other types of metrics. Yet we believe a positive economic impact is a necessary but not sufficient condition to being an effective development institution. We assess the relationship between a CDFI's lending activities and aggregate social capital levels. Social capital – the entrepreneurial networks which occur when small businesses flourish – are a key non-economic outcome of CDIF financing and technical assistance interventions.
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Rezaie, Shogofa, Fedra Vanhuyse, Karin André, and Maryna Henrysson. Governing the circular economy: how urban policymakers can accelerate the agenda. Stockholm Environment Institute, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2022.027.

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We believe the climate crisis will be resolved in cities. Today, while cities occupy only 2% of the Earth's surface, 57% of the world's population lives in cities, and by 2050, it will jump to 68% (UN, 2018). Currently, cities consume over 75% of natural resources, accumulate 50% of the global waste and emit up to 80% of greenhouse gases (Ellen MacArthur Foundation, 2017). Cities generate 70% of the global gross domestic product and are significant drivers of economic growth (UN-Habitat III, 2016). At the same time, cities sit on the frontline of natural disasters such as floods, storms and droughts (De Sherbinin et al., 2007; Major et al., 2011; Rockström et al., 2021). One of the sustainability pathways to reduce the environmental consequences of the current extract-make-dispose model (or the "linear economy") is a circular economy (CE) model. A CE is defined as "an economic system that is based on business models which replace the 'end-of-life' concept with reducing, alternatively reusing, recycling and recovering materials in production/distribution and consumption processes" (Kirchherr et al., 2017, p. 224). By redesigning production processes and thereby extending the lifespan of goods and materials, researchers suggest that CE approaches reduce waste and increase employment and resource security while sustaining business competitiveness (Korhonen et al., 2018; Niskanen et al., 2020; Stahel, 2012; Winans et al., 2017). Organizations such as the Ellen MacArthur Foundation and Circle Economy help steer businesses toward CE strategies. The CE is also a political priority in countries and municipalities globally. For instance, the CE Action Plan, launched by the European Commission in 2015 and reconfirmed in 2020, is a central pillar of the European Green Deal (European Commission, 2015, 2020). Additionally, more governments are implementing national CE strategies in China (Ellen MacArthur Foundation, 2018), Colombia (Government of the Republic of Colombia, 2019), Finland (Sitra, 2016), Sweden (Government Offices of Sweden, 2020) and the US (Metabolic, 2018, 2019), to name a few. Meanwhile, more cities worldwide are adopting CE models to achieve more resource-efficient urban management systems, thereby advancing their environmental ambitions (Petit-Boix & Leipold, 2018; Turcu & Gillie, 2020; Vanhuyse, Haddaway, et al., 2021). Cities with CE ambitions include, Amsterdam, Barcelona, Paris, Toronto, Peterborough (England) and Umeå (Sweden) (OECD, 2020a). In Europe, over 60 cities signed the European Circular Cities Declaration (2020) to harmonize the transition towards a CE in the region. In this policy brief, we provide insights into common challenges local governments face in implementing their CE plans and suggest recommendations for overcoming these. It aims to answer the question: How can the CE agenda be governed in cities? It is based on the results of the Urban Circularity Assessment Framework (UCAF) project, building on findings from 25 interviews, focus group discussions and workshops held with different stakeholder groups in Umeå, as well as research on Stockholm's urban circularity potential, including findings from 11 expert interviews (Rezaie, 2021). Our findings were complemented by the Circular Economy Lab project (Rezaie et al., 2022) and experiences from working with municipal governments in Sweden, Belgium, France and the UK, on CE and environmental and social sustainability.
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Kelly, Luke. Definitions, Characteristics and Monitoring of Conflict Economies. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.024.

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The idea of conflict economies is a broad concept encompassing several research angles. Definitions differ according to these focuses. Some of the main uses of the concept are to understand: • economic analysis of the motives for and likelihood of war • financing of state and non-state belligerents • how the continuation of conflicts can be explained by rational motives including economic ones • how conflict affects economic activity, and how conflict parties and citizens adapt Some distinctive characteristics of war economies are (Ballentine & Nitzschke, 2005, p. 12): • They involve the destruction or circumvention of the formal economy and the growth of informal and black markets, • Pillage, predation, extortion, and deliberate violence against civilians is used by combatants to acquire control over lucrative assets, capture trade networks and diaspora remittances, and exploit labour; • War economies are highly decentralised and privatised, both in the means of coercion and in the means of production and exchange; • Combatants increasingly rely on the licit or illicit exploitation of / trade in lucrative natural resources • They thrive on cross-border trading networks, regional kin and ethnic groups, arms traffickers, and mercenaries, as well as legally operating commercial entities, each of which may have a vested interest in the continuation of conflict and instability. The first section of this rapid review outlines the evolution of the term and key definitions. Most of this discussion occurs in the academic literature around the early 2000s. The second looks at key characteristics of conflict economies identified in the literature, with examples where possible from both academic and grey literature. The third section briefly identifies methodologies used to measure and monitor conflict economies, as well as some current research and programmes on conflict economies, from academic literature as well as NGOs and other sources. The findings have been derived via a literature search and advice from experts in the field. Given time constraints, the report is not comprehensive. The review is gender- and disability blind.
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Meneses, Juan Francisco, and José Luis Saboin. Growth Recoveries (from Collapses). Inter-American Development Bank, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003419.

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This paper analyzes the behavior of a long list of economic variables during episodes of recovery from an economic collapse. A set of stylized facts is proposed so as to depict what in this work is called \saygrowth recoveries. Through different estimation techniques, it is inferred under which conditions and policies the likelihood of experiencing a growth recovery increases. The results of the paper indicate that collapses tend to occur in countries with high dependence on natural resource rents, macroeconomic mismanagement, low levels of democratic accountability and rule of law and high levels of conflict. Recoveries, on the other hand, tend to be longer than collapses and are more likely to occur in contexts of: improved external conditions, less natural resource rents, balanced fiscal accounts, where the exchange rate corrects but within a more fixed exchange rate regime and a more restricted financial account, and where there are: rebounds in private consumption, increases in international trade and improvements on property rights.
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Herbert, George. How Can Middle-income Countries Improve Their Skills Systems Post- COVID-19? Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.082.

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Vocational training systems in middle-income countries are going to face multiple challenges in the post-COVID era, notably, challenges related to (1) automation; (2) the transition to a green economy, and (3) demographic pressures. Of these, automation - linked to the burgeoning ‘fourth industrial revolution’ that is set to transform the global economy - represents the most serious challenge and is the only one of the three challenges discussed in any depth in this paper. Whilst estimates of the likely scale of automation in the coming years and decades vary widely, it appears likely that waves of automation will lead to a dramatic decline in many kinds of jobs that largely involve routine, repetitive tasks. These trends pre-date COVID-19, but the disruption caused by the pandemic provides an opportunity to prepare for these challenges by implementing vocational training system reforms as part of the Build Back Better agenda. Reforms to vocational training systems will be crucial to ensuring middle-income countries respond appropriately to accelerating labour market changes. However, they should only form a limited part of that response and need to be integrated with a wide range of other policy measures. Vocational training reform will need to occur in the context of major reforms to basic education in order to ensure that all workers are equipped with the cross-cutting cognitive and socio-emotional skills they will require to perform hard-to-automate tasks and to be able to learn and adapt rapidly in a changing economy. Middle-income countries will also likely need to progressively expand social protection schemes in order to provide a safety net for workers that struggle to adapt to changing labour market requirements.
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Tobin, Daniel, Erin Lane, and Ron Hoover. Climate Change and Agriculture in the Northeast: Teamwork, Responses, and Results. USDA Northeast Climate Hub, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.6965353.ch.

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Not everyone may agree on the best adaptation practices all the time, but as opposed to rigid guidelines, a whole suite of options are being developed that will allow individuals to pick and choose what best works for them. But being proactive in ways that have both an economic and environmental outlook will determine agriculture’s success in responding to changes in climate. With collaboration and cooperation, the northeast can meet the challenge to maintain and improve production. The biggest risk is not climate change itself; it is being passive as these changes occur.
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Candrilli, Sean D., and Samantha Kurosky. The Response to and Cost of Meningococcal Disease Outbreaks in University Campus Settings: A Case Study in Oregon, United States. RTI Press, October 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2019.rr.0034.1910.

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Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) is a contagious bacterial infection that can occur sporadically in healthy individuals. Symptoms are typically similar to other common diseases, which can result in delayed diagnosis and treatment until patients are critically ill. In the United States, IMD outbreaks are rare and unpredictable. During an outbreak, rapidly marshalling the personnel and monetary resources to respond is paramount to controlling disease spread. If a community lacks necessary resources for a quick and efficient outbreak response, the resulting economic cost can be overwhelming. We developed a conceptual framework of activities implemented by universities, health departments, and community partners when responding to university-based IMD outbreaks. Next, cost data collected from public sources and interviews were applied to the conceptual framework to estimate the economic cost, both direct and indirect, of a university-based IMD outbreak. We used data from two recent university outbreaks in Oregon as case studies. Findings indicate a university-based IMD outbreak response relies on coordination between health care providers/insurers, university staff, media, government, and volunteers, along with many other community members. The estimated economic cost was $12.3 million, inclusive of the cost of vaccines ($7.35 million). Much of the total cost was attributable to wrongful death and indirect costs (e.g., productivity loss resulting from death). Understanding the breadth of activities and the economic cost of such a response may inform budgeting for future outbreak preparedness and development of alternative strategies to prevent and/or control IMD.
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Koessl, Gerald. The system of limited-profit housing in Austria. Liège: CIRIEC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25518/ciriec.wp202204.

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Limited-profit housing plays a significant role in Austria’s housing market. Around a quarter of all households live in homes owned or managed by a limited-profit housing association (LPHA). These associations are characterised by a distinct business model, based on the premise of cost-recovery and revolving funds. By deviating both from the logic of for-profit housing and from public housing, LPHAs occupy a distinct ‘Third Sector’ role in Austria’s housing market. This paper describes the key mechanisms and principles of limited-profit housing, including how they are financed, how rents are set, what components are included in price calculations and how they use revolving funds to finance future affordable housing construction. The paper also elaborates the impact of the limited-profit business model on rent levels and draws on a recent study to demonstrate their wider economic impacts.
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