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1
Hayman, Sarah. "Re-veiling and occidentalism four case studies /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2007.
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2
Gu, Lingzhi. "Occidentalism and translation studies as academic discourse." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.601686.
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This study aims la explore Occidentalism - the essentialist renderings of the West - as an intellectual and (or) political trend in modem Chinese society, and in particular to investigate whether, and if so, how, to what extent, and why stylised images of the West in contrast with those of China are manifested in Chinese translation scholars' theoretical discourses. I have answered these questions by doing case studies on some translation scholars and analysing their theoretical discourses produced in certain soda-political and historical circumstances. This thesis argues that what these scholars think and write about the West and how they visualize the Chinese-Western cultural relationship are at the hcal1 of their discourses, and various notions of the West vs. China in the antagonistic debates in Chinese translation studi.es are often employed to accomplish certain tasks. Among these are: to preserve tradition and assert identity against the West; to resonate with the state doctrines; to adopt the Western mode of producing knowledge clue to a strong sense of "self-insufficiency"; to win power by engaging with their Western counterparts; or to be a way of asserting other positions vis-a.-vis the Chinese- Western cultural relationship. This thesis also argues that dialectical and essentialist definitions of the West and China are to a greater or lesser extent shaped by socio-political complexities, and more or less driven by a range of local elite interests. Occidentalism in its various forms suggests different power relations between Chinese society and the outside world; it is also part of a critique of internal differences a'1d conflicts within Chinese society, and within Chinese translation studies. Using the theoretical framework of Occidentalism, this thesis hopes to illustrate the connections between discourse, society and history, and the dynamic exchange between individual scholar's academic endeavour and the broad so cia-political concerns. This study aims la explore Occidentalism - the essentialist renderings of the West - as an intellectual and (or) political trend in modem Chinese society, and in particular to investigate whether, and if so, how, to what extent, and why stylised images of the West in contrast with those of China are manifested in Chinese translation scholars' theoretical discourses. I have answered these questions by doing case studies on some translation scholars and analysing their theoretical discourses produced in certain soda-political and historical circumstances. This thesis argues that what these scholars think and write about the West and how they visualize the Chinese-Western cultural relationship are at the hcal1 of their discourses, and various notions of the West vs. China in the antagonistic debates in Chinese translation studi.es are often employed to accomplish certain tasks. Among these are: to preserve tradition and assert identity against the West; to resonate with the state doctrines; to adopt the Western mode of producing knowledge clue to a strong sense of "self-insufficiency"; to win power by engaging with their Western counterparts; or to be a way of asserting other positions vis-a.-vis the Chinese- Western cultural relationship. This thesis also argues that dialectical and essentialist definitions of the West and China are to a greater or lesser extent shaped by socio-political complexities, and more or less driven by a range of local elite interests. Occidentalism in its various forms suggests different power relations between Chinese society and the outside world; it is also part of a critique of internal differences a'1d conflicts within Chinese society, and within Chinese translation studies. Using the theoretical framework of Occidentalism, this thesis hopes to illustrate the connections between discourse, society and history, and the dynamic exchange between individual scholar's academic endeavour and the broad socia-political concerns.
3
Håkansson, Daniel. "Barbarerna från väst : Japanernas syn på västvärlden under 1800-talet i texter tagna ur Sources of Japanese tradition och The Iwakura Embassy." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Humanities, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-2173.
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Hutchinson, Rachael. "Occidentalism in Nagai Kafu : constructing a critique of Meiju, 1903-1912." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340033.
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Ezz, El Din Mahitab. "Beyond Orientalism and Occidentalism : Identity constructions in Arab and Western news media." Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-51936.
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This study examines how the media construct the identities of the Other by creating various ‘us’ versus ‘them’ positions (Othering) when covering non-violence-based intercultural conflicts in Arab and Western news media. Othering in this study is understood as an umbrella concept that in general terms refers to the discursive process of constructing and positioning the Self and the Other into separate identities of an ‘us’ and a ‘them.’ This process is analysed using a mixed method approach. A content analysis is used to map the data, and then a closer examination of the discourse is conducted using a qualitative approach inspired by critical discourse analysis. Two empirical studies are conducted based on this analysis: 1) the case of the Swedish newspaper Nerikes Allehanda’s publication of caricatures of the Prophet Mohamed in 2007 and 2) the media coverage of the headscarf ban in French state schools in 2004. This study also employs Galtung’s Peace Journalism model as a frame of reference in the conclusions to discuss how this model could contribute, if applied in journalistic texts, to more balanced constructions of intercultural conflicts. The results show that Othering is a central discursive practice that is commonly adopted in both Arab and Western media coverage of non-violent intercultural conflicts, but it appears in different forms. Many of the previous studies have devoted considerable attention to rather conventional dichotomous constructions of Eastern and Western Others. The present study, in contrast, brings to the fore more non-conventional constructions and, while recognizing the occurrence of the conventional constructions, goes beyond these binary oppositions of ‘us’ and ‘them’. Variations in the types of identity constructions found in my study can be attributed to the mode of the article, the actors/voices included, the media affiliations and the topic and its overall contextualization. The different types of identity constructions in the media coverage may bring about a less black and white understanding of an event and help bring forth a more nuanced picture of what is going on and who is doing what in a conflict situation. Their occurrence in the media can possibly be linked to a new vision of a global society that does not necessarily constitute homogenous groups with the same characteristics, but rather is more consistent with a hybrid identity. This research is timely, as with the recent arrival of large groups of migrants from the Middle East, the ‘fear of Islam,’ and the right wing propaganda regarding Muslims as a threat is increasing. Islamophobia can be seen as a new form of racism used by elites to serve particular agendas. If media practitioners applied a more critical awareness in their writings so as not to reproduce culturally rooted stereotypes, which can inflame conflicts between people and nations, we might see less hostility against migrants and achieve a less racist world.
6
Blomberg, Gudmundsson Julie. "The Orient and The Occident : Breaking Stereotypes in The Reluctant Fundamentalist." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk och litteratur, SOL, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-17978.
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The Reluctant Fundamentalist is a postcolonial novel that, in this essay, is argued to challenge and question the colonial stereotypes which came into greater focus after 9/11 in America. The challenge is carried out via the narrator’s identity struggle by displaying the different stereotypes he is subjected to. The quiet listener to the narrator’s monologue, together with the reader’s part in creating and making sense of the novel also contributes towards challenging these stereotypes. The East and West are set against each other, displaying how both have harsh and generalizing views of the other.
7
Shiping, Luo. "Occidentalism : a semicolonial and post-semicolonial study of Chinese conceptions of the Occident." Thesis, Staffordshire University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.424546.
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Tykosson, Robin. "Beskrivningar av Öst : En studie av historieläromedel för yrkesprogrammen med utgångspunkt i konceptet orientalism." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för idé- och samhällsstudier, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-148065.
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This paper studies how the Middle East is represented in four textbooks for the history course for the professional programs in Swedish upper secondary school. By using discourse analysis and the concept of orientalism I investigate presentations of the Middle East. This study finds that in the textbooks the population of the Middle East is often generalized in modern times as Arabic and Muslim, with "the other" being religious people as the outset of the textbooks are not necessarily European and Christian, but rather European (Swedish) and secular. For example, the Ottoman Empire is portrayed as an obstacle to "western" interests and a great enemy to Christian Europe, while later it loses focus after the advent of the secularized Turkish state. Furthermore, the secular state of Israel is included as a part of "the west" and surrounded by its enemies, the Muslim "Arab states". It would appear however, that the further back in history we go, the more nuanced the representation of the Middle East is. For example, up to, and to some extent including, the middle ages the Middle East is not simply considered a material part of "the west" but rather an integral part in its future legal and cultural ideals. On the other hand the textbooks portray Islam and Christianity as wholly "incompatible" ideological enemies, with a clear geographical border passing through the Mediterranean and an emphasis on the Crusades and its peoples as bringers of war and destruction. Also, during the 20th Century it would appear that "western values" are spoken of in the Middle East as something negative.
9
Cheung, Karen Chau Lam. "People mountain people sea : and between orientalism and occidentalism : language, identity and narrative space." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.426861.
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Subhi, Teysir. "Där Occidenten möter Orienten : En kvalitativ studie av synen på Öst och Väst och dess betydelse för hur fyra svenska chefer hanterar islamofobi på arbetsplatsen." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för historia och samtidsstudier, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-18367.
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Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka vilken betydelse synen på Öst och Väst har för fyra svenska chefer och dess betydelse för hur de hanterar islamofobiska värderingar på sin arbetsplats. Med hjälp av ett postkolonialt teoretiskt ramverk tar jag upp följande frågor: Vad informanterna anser att väst representera: vad de anser att Öst representerar: hur de värderar islam samt hanterar islamofobiska värderingar på sin arbetsplats. Resultatet av denna studie visar att informanterna har en negativ syn på Öst och islam samt en positiv syn på Väst. Det visar också att informanterna förknippar islam med Öst trots att de uppger att de har en bristfällig kunskap om islam. Vidare visar resultatet att informanterna trots en negativ syn på islam ändå anser det vara viktigt med en nolltolerans mot islamofobiska värderingar på arbetsplatsen. Jag tar även upp hur man kan implementera denna studie i verkligheten: detta går kort ut på vikten av att arbeta för en ökad mångfald på svenska arbetsplatser och att öka svenska chefers kunskaper om islam genom utbildning.
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Li, Meng Qi. "Orientalism meets Occidentalism :an analysis on the human rights reports of China and the United States." Thesis, University of Macau, 2017. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3690755.
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Sung, Ying-Wei Tiffany. "Turandot's Homecoming: Seeking the Authentic Princess of China in a New Contest of Riddles." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1273466517.
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Laestander, Carl. "“I prefer Asian models over white, because I am Chinese” : En kvalitativ studie om kinesiska utbytesstudenters uppfattningar om västerländska modeller i kinesisk reklam." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för kultur- och medievetenskaper, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-119231.
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The aim of this study has been to, from a comparative perspective examine how the use of western models in Chinese advertising are perceived by chinese exchange students living in Sweden. The scientific approach in this study has been both with semiotic picture analysis and qualitative interviews. The study's empirical material has consisted of pictures of white models in fashion magazines published in China for example Vouge China. These pictures were presented to the respondents during the interviews, and questions were asked about them and the answers is also a part of this study's empirical material. The theoretical perspectives used in this study is based on theories about whiteness, stereotypes and occidentalism. The results in the study has shown that the whithe models are presented with high status both in the semiotic picture analysis and the qualitative interviews. It has also shown that the respondents prefer asian models over white in advertising in China, especially with products conected to the body and that the white stereotype is almost described identiaclly by all the respondents. Finally the result has found that the ethnicity is connected to picture enviroments, in that way if it is a white model it should be a western enviroment.
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Andersson, Tobias. "Den tidlösa sufismen : Om philosophia perennis föreställningar om sufism och islam." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kulturvetenskaper, KV, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-10166.
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Det västerländska intresset för sufism har under 1900-talet varit stort, liksom antalet böcker som har publicerats rörande ämnet, både inom och utanför den akademiska världen. Samtidigt har en fascination för islams esoteriska dimensioner kunnat påträffas bland flera konstnärer, poeter och intellektuella, vilka inte sällan varit befryndade med philosophia perennis och dess läror, som både inom och utanför de akademiska sammanhangen således har utövat ett visst inflytande. Följande studie inriktas dock på de mest framstående och uttalade företrädarna för philosophia perennis som under 1900-talet dragits till sufismen, med fokus på deras föreställningar och tolkningar av sufism och islam. Studiens syfte är att genom en textkritisk och idéhistorisk metod analysera kvalitativt utvalda skrifter av perennialister som ger uttryck för särskilda föreställningar och tolkningar av sufism genom att relatera dessa till teorier om orientalism, occidentalism, globalisering och modernitet. Detta utreds genom problemformuleringarna: Hur framställs och tolkas sufismen av företrädare för philosophia perennis? Varför framställs sufismen så? Vad finner företrädarna tilltalande i islam och sufism? Resultaten visar att perennialisterna anspelar på och använder de orientalistiska och occidentalistiska föreställningar som finns i både öst och väst vid presentationerna av islam och sufism, bland annat för att kritisera moderniteten och definiera sina egna ståndpunkter. Dessutom pekar resultaten vidare på att perennialismen både närts och influerats av modernitens allt mer påtagliga globalisering, även om de ofta reagerar polemiskt emot den. Utan att reducera 1900-talets philosophia perennis till enbart en anti-modernistisk idéströmning, fokuserar studien på dess relation till modernitet, globalisering, orientalism och occidentalism, enligt syftet att belysa perennialismens föreställningar om sufism, varför just islam tilltalar företrädarna samt vilka särskilda implikationer ovan nämnda faktorer genererar i deras föreställningar och tolkningar av sufism.
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Birks, Ying. "Encounters with Westerners: Understanding the Chinese Construction of the Western Other." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23112.
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In this study we seek to understand how ordinary Chinese people perceive Westerners as the Other through examining their intercultural experiences. In contrast to the numerous studies of social elites’ Occidentalism, this study shifts the attention to ordinary people’s perceptions in a fast changing Chinese society. From an interpretive perspective, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 16 participants living in a coastal city in Mainland China. The key findings suggest that the Chinese public has its own way of perceiving and presenting the Western Other. Also, this Other, being defined in an on-going process of intercultural interaction, connotes a wider meaning – a unity of opposition and complementarity, exclusion and inclusion. Thus this study has deepened our understanding of the Chinese construction of the Western Other. The findings can be used in developing intercultural communication training programs to facilitate deeper contact and better dialogue between the Chinese and Westerners.
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Ernberg, Nicklas. "Kriget i landet långt borta : En historiebruksanalys av spelet Valkyria Chronicles." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kulturvetenskaper (KV), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-77353.
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This study seeks to analyze the japanese role-playing video game Valkyria Chronicles. Since the game uses a fictionalized european scene of World War 2 as its setting, it is an interesting object for analysis. The work is done through using the theoretical framework of the use of history as developed by Peter Aronsson among others and Occidentalism, or the representation of the west. The study shows that while the context in which the game’s events occurs in is fictional, the events are heavily influenced by WW2 and fits into categories of history use such as monumental use and furthermore is employed in a way which works in a way to relate the events to a japanese audience by the frequent and heavy use of moral appeal. The occidental tendencies are found in the disdain for metropolitan culture the game displays, and the favoring of the rural milieu
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Bakhshandeh, Ehsan. "Politics of Iran-West relations within the context of Iranian Occidentalism : image of the West in the Iranian press during reformism (1997-2001) and conservatism (2005-2009)." Thesis, University of Westminster, 2012. https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/8z610/politics-of-iran-west-relations-within-the-context-of-iranian-occidentalism-image-of-the-west-in-the-iranian-press-during-reformism-1997-2001-and-conservatism-2005-2009.
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The present research is about relations between Iran and the West from the communication point of view and the role of the media in creating anti-American and anti-Western sentiments amongst the Iranians. It studies how Occidentalism has evolved in Iran and how, as an ideological representation, it has influenced the press portrayal of the West in the country. It also identifies dominant frames in newspaper reporting of the West and indicates how the perception of reality and meaning construction work in mainstream Iranian newspapers. The present thesis seeks to investigate, through content analysis of news items and critical discourse analysis of news editorials, the impact of political affiliation of newspapers (as the first independent variable) and the political period in which they are published (as the second independent variable) on the representation of the West (as the dependent variable) in Iran. The results and findings of the present study are yet another contribution to the study of the West, particularly in the Iranian context. In fact, the representation of the West in mainstream Iranian newspapers in the way discussed throughout this thesis signifies the creation of a new type of Occidentalism in the Orient, which I here brand as “Iranoccidentalism”. Iranoccidentalism is an ideological concept, which is under the influence of the prevailing discourse; It projects the West, through media, as “arrogant/imperial and interventionist”; It is coupled with anti-Americanism and opposition to the West, and is linked to the history of colonialism and imperialism in Iran as well as the Iranian encounter with modernity; Moreover, it is a reaction to Orientalism and seeks to spread the Islamic ideology of governance and awakening within the framework of the Shiite ideology; Furthermore, Iranoccidentalism pursues a “nativistic” and “nationalistic” approach which manifests itself in the Iranians’ national resolve to develop indigenous technologies such as the nuclear, aerospace and missile technologies as well as biotechnology and nanotechnology. I argue in the course of this thesis that Occidentalism is evolving and turning into a structured discourse in Asia and especially in the Muslim countries of the Middle East, including in Iran where it is under the great influence of the history of relations with the West and in particular the Iranian response to Western-driven modernity.
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Cekic, Can Eyup. "Savoir Vivre Cosmopolite: Ahmed Midhat'." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610918/index.pdf.
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This study aims to reevaluate Ahmed Midhat&rsquos treatises on Ottoman society by revealing his exceptional objectives, which recently have been used in contemporary interdisciplinary studies concerning the 19th century Ottoman social transformation. In view of that, the thesis is formed as a re-reading of Ahmed Midhat&rsquo
s etiquette book, titled Avrupa Adab-i MuaSereti yahud Alafranga, according to some recent debates like that of occidentalism, geographic mapping of culture and civilization, the question of cosmopolitanism and elitism, everyday life practices. The most important aim of this thesis study is to expose the ability and the tool-kit of an Ottoman intellectual, who claims himself belong to the Ottoman Nation, making use of the knowledge of the west for domestic politics and arguments in order to propose and create a genuine, self-governing and permanent Ottoman culture. Besides the knowledge of the west, Ahmed Midhat&rsquo
s Alafranga represents a very significant literary form that demonstrates the modern change in the intellectual production in Europe. In that perspective, exposing his motivations behind writing an etiquette manual, a literary form which is related to the modern idea of creating a mechanism of self-control for the individuals, and at large for the society itself, is significant the ways in which these motivations represent the ideas of a Tanzimat intellectual on the modernization of the Ottoman society, considering his sympathy for the Hamidian worldview and modernization projects.
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Marega, Ana. "Little Mosque on the Prairie : med humor som vapen mot islamofobi." Thesis, University of Gävle, Ämnesavdelningen för kultur- och religionsvetenskap, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-5484.
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Syftet med denna uppsats var att först redogöra för västvärldens allmänna syn på muslimer och islam och därefter kontrastera den bilden med hur muslimer själva väljer att bli porträtterade i den kanadensiska komediserien Little Mosque on the Prairie. Om Little Mosque on the Prairie är mer än bara en komediserie, hur verkar den då för att beskriva det muslimska samfundet och islam? Vilka generaliseringar och fördomar är den tänkt att bekämpa? Med den hermeneutiska metoden som forskningsverktyg tolkade jag de åtta avsnitten i seriens första säsong och kunde därmed identifiera sex olika teman som serieskaparna arbetar med för att nyansera omvärldens bild av muslimer och islam. Slutsatsen blir att Little Mosque on the Prairie framställer islam och dess utövare som en fredlig religion, en mångfacetterad religion, en tolerant religion, en religion i ständig förändring, en alldaglig religion samt en annorlunda religion.
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Mattsson, Per-Göran. "11 september 2001 - ett krig mellan Orient och Occident? : En komparativ idéanalys av hur den islamistiska terrorismen förstås utifrån olika narrativ ." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för genus, kultur och historia, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-3596.
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This essay is a comparative analysis of ideas about how Islamic terrorism is understood in terms of narrative. The narrative being studied is Occidentalism, Orientalism and postcolonial theory; based on these perspectives are possible explanations analyzed of what Islamic terrorism is all about.
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Carneiro, Lilian dos Anjos. "Avaliação da atividade antiepiléptica e da expressão neuronal de c-fos de dois peptídeos sintetizados a partir da Occidentalina-1202 isolada da vespa social Polybia occidentalis." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2013. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/13260.
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A epilepsia é uma desordem cerebral, diversificada tanto etiológica quanto clinicamente, caracterizada por uma predisposição persistente a gerar crises epilépticas decorrentes de descargas cerebrais paroxísticas e espontâneas. Estas crises podem desencadear manifestações motoras, comportamentais ou subjetivas variadas, tendo como fator comum, as descargas excessivas e síncronas de uma determinada população de neurônios. A epilepsia já tem sido vista como um problema de saúde pública, afeta predominantemente as pessoas dos países considerados subdesenvolvidos e emergentes, e, além disso, pode proporcionar aos portadores uma série de prejuízos psicológicos e sociais. Para o tratamento da epilepsia, existe, atualmente, uma grande variedade de fármacos disponíveis, mas muitos destes fármacos podem provocar efeitos indesejados, como reações adversas e interações medicamentosas podendo provocar um impacto considerável na qualidade de vida do paciente. Sendo assim, a procura por novos fármacos para o tratamento deste distúrbio se mostra necessária, e a peçonha de vespas sociais pode ser um importante recurso nesta procura, devido às características observadas em moléculas presentes nesta peçonha. A peçonha desnaturada da vespa social Polybia occidentalis apresenta um potente efeito antiepiléptico contra crises induzidas quimicamente em ratos. A partir destes dados, foi feito o isolamento e a caracterização estrutural de um peptídeo antiepiléptico denominado Occidentalina-1202 (OcTx-1202). ______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
Epilepsy is a disorder of the brain, diversified etiologically and clinically, characterized by an enduring predisposition to generate epileptic seizures due to brain spontaneous and paroxysmal discharges. These seizures can trigger motor manifestations, subjective or behavioral varied and excessive synchronous discharges of a particular population of neurons. Epilepsy has already been seen as a public health problem, affects predominantly people from countries considered underdeveloped, and in addition, it may offer patients a range of psychological and social damage. For the treatment of epilepsy, there is today a wide variety of drugs available, but many of these drugs can cause unexpected effects, such as adverse reactions and drug interactions may cause a considerable impact on quality of life of the patient. Thus, the search for new drugs for the treatment of this disorder appears necessary, and the venom of social wasps can be an important resource in this search, due to the characteristics observed in molecules present in this venom. The denatured venom of the social wasp Polybia occidentalis exhibits potent antiepileptic effect against seizures induced by chemical convulsants in rats. From these data, it was made the isolation and structural characterization of a peptide known antiepileptic Occidentalina-1202 (OcTx-1202).
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Hofmeyer, Philip V. "Ecology and Silviculture of Northern White-Cedar (Thuja occidentalis L.) in Maine." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2008. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/HofmeyerPV2008.pdf.
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Berndt, Oliver. "Entomopathogenic nematodes and soil dwelling predatory mites suitable antagonists for enhanced biological control of Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)? /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=96851930X.
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Carmo, Priscila Maria Silva do. "INTOXICAÇÃO EM BOVINOS POR Senna occidentalis." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2011. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/10086.
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Sixteen outbreaks of Senna occidentalis (coffee senna) occurring in cattle from the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, were reviewed. The great majority (75%) of the outbreaks occurred in adult cattle at pasture during the autumn and winter months with 50% occurring in May, evidencing a striking seasonality. Mortality rates varied from 4.2% to 55.2% and cattle died 2 days up to 2 weeks after showing clinical signs that included dry feces (occasionally diarrhea), muscle weakness, reluctance to move, tachypnea, instability of the hind limbs with dragging of the toes, tremors in muscles of the thighs, neck, and head, ear dropping, sternal recumbency, lateral recumbency and death. Myoglobinuria characterized by a dark red or black discolored urine was a consistent finding in cattle affected at pasture but not in those poisoned by ration contaminated with coffee senna beans. Creatine phosphokinase serum activity was markedly elevated. Main gross changes observed in 23 necropsies involved skeletal muscles of the hind limbs. These changes consisted of varying degrees of paleness of muscle groups. Subepicardial and subendocardial hemorrhages were present in the hearts of all affected cattle. Histologically a segmental degenerative myopathy of striated muscles was present in every case and had a multifocal polyphasic or monophasic character. Myocardial (3/23), hepatic (3/13), renal (3/10), and splenic (1/6) microscopic lesions were observed occasionally. Myocardial lesions were mild and consisted of vacuolation of cardiomyocytes or focal fibrosis. Hepatic changes consisted of diffuse hepatocellular vacuolation, cytosegrosomes within hepatocytes, and individual hepatocellular necrosis. Kidneys have vacuolar degeneration of tubular epithelium associated with acidophilic casts (proteinosis) within tubular lumina. In the spleen there was marked necrosis of lymphocytes of the white pulp. No histological changes were found in the brains of 13 affected cattle. The data of this study suggest that coffee senna poisoning is an important cause of death in cattle in southern Brazil. The epidemiological, clinical and pathological features described in the study shoud be useful for diagnosing the condition in the field.Dezesseis surtos de intoxicação por Senna occidentalis (fedegoso) em bovinos do Rio Grande do sul foram revisados. A grande maioria dos surtos (75%) ocorreu em bovinos adultos em pastoreio durante o outono e inverno com 50% dos surtos ocorrendo em maio, evidenciando uma notável sazonalidade. Os coeficientes de mortalidade variaram de 4,2% a 55,2% e os bovinos morriam dois dias a duas semanas após mostrarem sinais clínicos que incluíam fezes ressecadas (ocasionalmente diarreia), fraqueza muscular, relutância em mover-se, taquipneia, instabilidade dos membros pélvicos com arrastamento das pinças, tremores nos músculos das coxas, pescoço e cabeça; orelhas caídas, decúbito esternal, decúbito lateral e morte. Mioglobinúria, caracterizada por urina vermelho-escura ou preta foi regularmente encontrada em bovinos afetados em pastoreio, mas não naqueles que se intoxicaram ingerindo ração contaminada com as sementes da planta. A atividade sérica da creatina fosfocinase estava acentuadamente elevada. As principais alterações macroscópicas observadas em 23 necropsias envolviam os músculos esqueléticos dos membros pélvicos. Essas alterações consistiam de graus variáveis de palidez em grupos musculares. Hemorragias subepicárdicas e subendocárdicas ocorreram nos corações de todos os bovinos afetados. Histologicamente, miopatia degenerativa dos músculos estriados esteve presente em todos os casos e tinha um caráter multifocal monofásico ou polifásico. Lesões microscópicas no miocárdio (3/23), fígado (3/13), rim (3/10) e baço (1/6) foram ocasionalmente observadas. As lesões miocárdicas eram discretas e consistiam de vacuolização dos cardiomiócitos ou fibrose focal. As lesões hepatocelulares consistiam de vacuolização difusa, formação de citossegrossomos e necrose individual. Nos rins havia degeneração vacuolar do epitélio tubular associada a cilindros eosinofílicos (proteinose) na luz tubular. No baço havia marcada necrose de linfócitos da polpa branca. Nenhuma alteração foi encontrada ao exame histológico do encéfalo de 13 bovinos afetados. Os dados deste estudo sugerem que a intoxicação por fedegoso é uma importante causa de morte em bovinos do sul do Brasil. Os aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e patológicos descritos neste estudo deverão ser úteis no diagnóstico a campo desta intoxicação.
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Burgos, Luis Patricio. "The Thermal Ecology of Sceloporus occidentalis." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2018. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2062.
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With temperatures rising globally, assessing the possible impacts of the changing climate becomes more and more urgent. Ectotherms are excellent indicators of potential climatic ramifications on biodiversity because of their heavy reliance on the environment for their thermoregulation. Studies have historically looked at thermal tolerance values to establish predictive models for population and species extinctions.
In chapter 1, we looked at recent studies that suggest that thermal tolerance may be a plastic trait and test the effects empirically. Most studies are based on captive lizards acclimated to laboratory conditions that do not necessarily reflect natural environments, and if thermal tolerance is plastic and affected by the recent thermal history of the animal, then the data may not be accurate. We tested the critical thermal maximum of the western fence lizard, Sceloporus occidentalis, in all four seasons, both under field (same-day) and short (two-day) lab-acclimated conditions. We found that thermal tolerance varied seasonally, with the lowest values in the summer in both same-day and two-day acclimated lizards. Additionally, we found that the thermal tolerance of lizards tested on the same day was higher in spring than in fall, but two days of acclimation to lab conditions eliminated this difference. We also tested the thermal tolerance of lizards housed at several constant acclimation temperatures for one or three weeks and compared these values to those of lizards housed in a terrarium allowing thermoregulation, and to same-day lizards. While the thermal tolerance of all lab-acclimated lizards was higher than that of same-day lizards, there was no significant difference in thermal tolerance among any of the acclimation treatments. Overall, our results show that thermal tolerance may be plastic in some situations in S. occidentalis, but that this species overall shows little plasticity in response to acclimation.
In chapter 2, we evaluated the thermal environment of S.occidentalis using operative temperature models. Using operative temperature models combined with field lizard body temperatures and a lab-determined selected body temperature range, we evaluated the thermal environment of Sceloporus occidentalis to identify habitat quality, thermoregulatory effectiveness, and thermal exploitation index. Additionally, we used two predictive climate change models at a 1°C and 2°C increase to project the potential changes in habitat quality in the future. The thermal quality was highest for shady microhabitats, lowest for sunny microhabitats, and intermediate for mixed sunny/shady microhabitats. S. occidentalis were able to maintain their body temperatures in their Tset range for 6 hours, indicating the ability to exploit multiple microhabitats. Neither climate change scenario (1°C or 2°C increase) placed S. occidentalis at risk of extinction, likely because the coastal field site has a relatively mild climate. However, both scenarios greatly decreased the thermal quality of the environment, causing S. occidentalis to lose up to 2.5 hours of activity time per day. This highlights that even animals that inhabit mild climates are likely to experience sub-lethal effects of climate change.
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Kell, Jon. "Soil-Site Influences on Northern White-Cedar (Thuja occidentalis, L.) Stem Quality and Growth." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2009. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/KellJ2009.pdf.
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Carvalho, Vanessa Anastacio da Costa. "Estudos comportamentais da exposição à Senna occidentalis durante o período perinatal em ratos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10133/tde-03122013-162045/.
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A Senna occidentalis (sinônimo Cassia occidentalis) é uma planta amplamente utilizada pela população para fins medicinais, embora esteja associada a casos de intoxicação humana e animal. Por isso, além de ser considerada um problema de saúde pública, é tida também como uma planta tóxica de interesse pecuário. Sua toxicidade é atribuída à diantrona, uma quinolona, cujo mecanismo de ação tóxico se deve ao desacoplamento da fosforilação oxidativa mitocondrial, promovendo dano mitocondrial especialmente nos órgãos com maior demanda de oxigênio. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar, em ratos, os possíveis efeitos tóxicos causados pela exposição à Senna occidentalis durante o período de gestação. Para tanto, 36 fêmeas prenhes foram divididas em 5 grupos, que foram tratados do 6º ao 20º dia de gestação (período de organogênese e de desenvolvimento fetal) com 1%, 2%, 3% e 4% de sementes da planta na ração; o grupo controle recebeu a ração normal do laboratório. A escolha dessas concentrações foi embasada em estudos prévios de toxicidade subaguda em ratos, que mostraram efeito dose-dependente. Durante o período de gestação foram avaliados o peso corpóreo e o consumo de ração e água das fêmeas. Após o nascimento, os filhotes foram analisados quanto ao número de vivos e mortos e para a detecção de possíveis malformações externas. Foi avaliado também o desempenho reprodutivo e o comportamento materno das fêmeas. Com relação à prole, observou-se o seu desenvolvimento físico e de reflexos, bem como atividade geral no campo aberto, comportamento de brincar, labirinto em cruz elevado e labirinto em T. Os resultados do presente estudo mostraram diminuição no ganho de peso das ratas tratadas com 2%, 3% e 4% da planta na ração, além de diminuição no consumo de ração, prejuízo no desempenho reprodutivo e sinais de intoxicação em ratas do grupo de 4%. Ratas tratadas com 2% de S. occidentalis na ração apresentaram prejuízo no comportamento materno. Ainda, houve adiantamento para o aparecimento de pelos e erupção dos dentes incisivos em filhotes do grupo de 1%, bem como adiantamento para o desenvolvimento do reflexo de geotaxia negativa e para a perda do reflexo de preensão palmar em filhotes dos grupos de 3% e 1% respectivamente. Estes resultados indicam que a exposição à S. occidentalis durante a gestação causou toxicidade materna acompanhada de prejuízo no comportamento materno e alteração no desenvolvimento físico e reflexológico da prole destas ratas.The Senna occidentalis (synonym Cassia occidentalis) is a plant widely used by people for medicinal purposes, although it is associated with cases of human and animal poisoning. So, besides being considered a public health problem, it is also regarded as a toxic plant of livestock interest. Its toxicity is attributed to diantrone, a quinolone, whose mechanism of action is due to the toxic uncoupling of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, promoting mitochondrial damage especially in organs with higher oxygen demand. The objective of this work was to study, in rats, the possible toxic effects caused by exposure to Senna occidentalis during the gestation period. For this purpose, 36 female rats were divided into 5 groups, which were treated from the 6th to the 20th day of gestation (period of organogenesis and fetal development) with 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% of plant seeds in the diet; the control group received normal chow lab. The choice of these concentrations was based on previous studies of subacute toxicity in rats, which showed dose-dependent effect. During the period of gestation were evaluated: body weight, feed intake and water consumption of females. After birth, pups were analyzed for the number of living and dead, and for the detection of possible external malformations. We also evaluated the reproductive performance and maternal behavior of females. With regard to offspring, it was observed their physical and reflexes development, their general activity in the open field, their play behavior and their behavior in elevated plus maze and T maze. The results of this study showed a decrease in body weight of dams treated with 2%, 3% and 4% of the plant in the diet, in addition to reduced feed intake, impaired reproductive performance and signs of poisoning in dams of group 4%. Dams treated with 2% of S. occidentalis in diet showed impaired maternal behavior. Still, there was an advance for the appearance of hair and for the eruption of incisors in pups from 1%, as well as an advance to the development of negative geotaxis reflex and to the loss of palmar grasp reflex in puppies of 3% and 1% groups respectively. These results indicate that exposure to S. occidentalis during pregnancy caused maternal toxicity accompanied by impairment in maternal behavior and change in reflexology and physical development of the offspring of these rats.
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Santos, Mariana Venâncio dos. "Estudo de toxicidade oral e de neurotoxicidade em ratos expostos à Senna occidentalis." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10133/tde-20102015-093528/.
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A Senna occidentalis, popularmente conhecida por fedegoso, é uma planta utilizada em várias culturas ao redor do mundo como alimento e como fitofármaco contra várias doenças em seres humanos, enquanto em medicina veterinária há relatos de intoxicações espontâneas em animais de produção, como, bovinos, equinos e suínos. A toxicidade dessa planta é atribuída à diantrona, princípio ativo encontrado em maior concentração nas sementes da planta, que promove o desacoplamento da fosforilação oxidativa mitocondrial, causando dano celular. Assim, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar os possíveis efeitos tóxicos, em particular, os neurotóxicos causados pela exposição oral a diferentes concentrações (1, 2, 3 e 4%) de sementes de S. occidentalis na ração, durante 28 e 90, em ratos Wistar machos e fêmeas. Essas avaliações foram embasadas nos protocolos da OECD 407, 408 e 424. Foram avaliados: consumo de água e de ração; peso corpóreo; sinais clínicos de toxicidade (atividade geral, frêmito vocal, irritabilidade resposta ao toque, aperto de cauda, reflexo auricular, reflexo corneal e piloereção); comportamento no Campo Aberto, no Labirinto em Cruz e o Reconhecimento de Objetos; parâmetros hematológicos, bioquímicos séricos e exame anatomopatológico. Os resultados do estudo da exposição por 28 dias mostrou: redução de peso corpóreo apenas em fêmea do grupo 4%; presença de piloereção em machos e fêmeas do grupo 4%; no Campo Aberto redução da locomoção e aumento de grooming em fêmeas dos grupos 2 e 4%; no labirinto em cruz elevado redução da porcentagem de tempo nos braços abertos (%TBA) no grupo 1% e da avaliação de risco nos grupos 1, 2 e 4% em machos, enquanto em fêmeas apenas redução da %TBA no grupo 1%. No estudo de 90 dias observou-se: óbitos de animais dos grupos 3 e 4%, redução de peso corpóreo em fêmeas (6ª semana de exposição) e em machos (9ª semana de exposição); presença de piloereção em fêmeas (63º dia de observação) e em machos (70º dia de observação); no Campo Aberto redução da locomoção e aumento de grooming em fêmeas dos grupos 2 e 4%; no Labirinto em Cruz Elevado redução de %TBA no grupo 1% e na avaliação de risco em machos dos grupos 1 e 2%, enquanto em fêmeas houve apenas redução do %TBA no grupo 1%. Em relação aos parâmetros hematológicos, bioquímicos e anatomopatológicos, a exposição a S. occidentalis não causou alterações significantes entre os grupos. Esses resultados, em conjunto, mostraram que a exposição a diferentes concentrações das sementes de S. occidentalis na ração de ratos por 28 e 90 dias foi capaz de causar toxicidade caracterizada pela ocorrência de óbitos, redução de peso corpóreo e piloereção, bem como promoveu um estado comportamental sugestivo de ansiedade, sendo esses efeitos concentração-dependente, tempo- dependente, e sugerindo ser as fêmeas mais susceptíveisThe Senna occidentalis, popularly known as fedegoso, is used by several cultures around the world as food and as phytochemical against many human diseases, while in veterinary medicine, there are several spontaneous intoxications reports of production animals as cattle, horses and pigs. This plant intoxication is due to the active compound named dianthrone, founded at high concentration at the seed; it promotes the oxidative phosphorylation uncoupling at mitochondria, leading cellular damages. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the toxic effects in rats (male and female), particularly the neurotoxic ones, attributable to the oral exposition to different S. occidentalis seed concentrations incorporated at the chow (1, 2, 3 and 4%), for 28 and 90 days. The evaluation parameters were based on OECD guidelines 407, 408 and 424. We observed: water and chow intake; body weight; clinical signs of toxicity (general activity, vocal trill, irritability for toch, tail grip, auricular and corneal reflex and piloerection); the behavior at Open Field, Elevated Pluz Maze and Object Recognition tests; haematological, biochemistry and anatomopathological parameters. The 28 days study results showed: reducing body weight only at 4% female group; piloerections at 4% male and female animals; reducing locomotion and increase grooming by 2 and 4% female animals at open field test; at the Elevated Pluz Maze aparatus we observed: reducing porcentage time spent at open arms (%TBA) by the 1% group and risk assessment by 1, 2 and 4% males, while only the 1% females reduced the %TBA. At the 90 days exposition, we observated: 3 and 4% animals death, reducing females (from 6th week of exposition) and males (from 9th week) body weight; piloerection presented by female (from 63rd observation day) and male (from 70th day of observation) animals; reducing locomotion and increase grooming by 2 and 4% female animals at open field test; At Elevated Pluz Maze test, we observed: reducing %TBA by 1% group animals and reducing risk assessment by 1 and 2% males, while reducing %TBA only by 1% female animals. About the haematological, biochemistry and anatomopathological parameters, the S. occidentalis exposition did not caused significant changes between the groups. Taken together this finds, we can notice that the different seed concentrations of S. occidentalis exposition for 28 and 90 days was capable to induce toxicity featured by death, reducing body weight and piloerection, as well as anxiety behavior like, in a concentration and time-dependent way and the female animals are more susceptible to S. occidentalis toxic effects
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Powers, Sean D. Anderson Roger A. "How does spatial variation in climate cause spatiotemporal patterns in lizard energetics? /." Online version, 2010. http://content.wwu.edu/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/theses&CISOPTR=346&CISOBOX=1&REC=7.
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Whittaker, Mark Simon. "Oviposition and activity in the western flower thrips." Thesis, Keele University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249445.
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Stein, Christian. "La valorisation des individus par l'expression de leurs compétences culturelles dans les inscriptions des provinces occidentales romaines, Gaule, Germanies, Espagne, Afrique, Bretagne, du Ier siècle à la fin de l'antiquité." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010675.
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Les inscriptions romaines mentionnent parfois des individus qui indiquent leurs compétences intellectuelles, en particulier la maîtrise de l'éloquence et de la philosophie. Ces individus s'identifient en quelque sorte à des figures d'intellectuels. L'étude porte sur plusieurs d'entre elles (l'orateur, l'avocat, le rhéteur et le philosophe) à partir de questions soulevées par des inscriptions datées entre les Ier et VIe s. Ap. J. -C. L'espace considéré est le monde provincial d'Occident afin de déterminer si les représentations sociales évoluent du centre à la périphérie. En conclusion, l'orateur est un véritable modèle social: se revendiquer tel n'était pas seulement une question d'affirmation de l'éloquence mais définissait une situation sociale très contraignante. Malgré certaines transformations, ce modèle a conservé toute sa valeur jusqu'aux Ve/VIe siècles. Etroitement associée à celle de l'orateur, la figure du rhéteur devient progressivement, elle aussi, un modèle très valorisé. Le philosophe est quant à lui un modèle alternatif d'origine grecque qui n'arrive pas à s'imposer dans le monde occidental autrement que de manière marginale. Les inscriptions semblent en revanche indiquer qu'il n'existe pas vraiment une figure de l'avocat romain qui soit fondée sur une compétence intellectuelle comme l'éloquence, et encore moins un modèle de l'avocat romain. Les périphéries latines ont par ailleurs repris les modèles romains sans vraiment les altérer. A partir du IVe siècle, ces modèles subissent la concurrence des modèles des barbares et des chrétiens. Ces derniers, en particulier, entreprennent consciencieusement d'éradiquer les anciens modèles pai͏̈ens pour les remplacer par leurs propres modèles. Les compétences intellectuelles qui sont associées aux vieux modèles antiques perdent donc leur caractère valorisant: ayant perdu l'essentiel de leur valeur sociale, elles déclinent donc dans la nouvelle société occidentale chrétienne.
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Schade, Aaron. "A syntactic and literary analysis of ancient Northwest Semitic inscriptions /." Lewiston (N.Y.) ; Queenston (Ont.) ; Lampeter (GB) : E. Mellen press, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41072688f.
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Kaabia, Ridha. "Polémique chrétienne anti-paienne et épigraphie en Afrique romaine." Paris 10, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA100039.
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Après la définition des concepts "polémique" et "paganisme", et la présentation du cadre spatial et temporel, sont présentées les diverses sources utilisées qui sont essentiellement littéraires et épigraphiques. Quatre parties constituent ce travail. Les trois premeières abordent les cultes attestés par la polémique chrétienne anti-pai͏̈enne et sont étudiées à la lumière de l'épigrapgie. La première partie porte sur des cultes gréco-romains introduits par Rome dans le cadre de l'établissement de son pouvoir en Afrique. . . La seconde partie traite des cultes initiatiques. . . Une troisième partie étudie les cultes africains que Rome a trouvés sur place en annexant le territoire africain. . . La quatrième et dernière partie se penche sur les différentes sources de la polémique chrétienne et sur son rôle dans le combat contre le paganisme et l'appel à la conversion à la nouvelle religion. .After defining the concepts of "polemic" and "paganism", and after presenting the spatial and temporal setting, there would be introduced the different sources used which are mainly literary and epigraphic. This work is made of four sections. The three first ones deal with the cults testified by the Christian, anti-pagan polemic and are studied in the light of the epigraphy. The first section concerns the Greco-Roman cults introduced by Rome in the framework of establishing its power in Africa. . . The second section deals with the initiatory cults. . . The third section studies the original African cults which Rome had found while annexing the African territory. . . The fourth and last section tackles the different sources of the Christian polemic and the role it plays in the struggle against paganism and the call for conversionto the new religion. .
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Hoerschelmann-Schneider, Dorothee von. "Das Paradies wird missioniert : die alte Religion und das Christentum Samoas /." Aachen : Shaker Verlag, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb371876920.
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Taiuti, Aurora. "Représenter la femme à la fin de la République." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL090.
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La production statuaire féminine de la fin de la République et du début de l’époque impériale se révèle être bien plus variée que ce que les anciennes études ont mis en évidence jusqu’à présent. La présente étude propose une critique des précédentes classifications typologiques à partir d’un corpus documentaire comprenant deux cent quatre statues en ronde bosse et haut-relief. L’étude de ce corpus a permis de mettre en lumière l’existence d’un riche répertoire de variantes aux types statuaires officiels et d’élaboration hellénistique. Ces variantes statuaires se révèlent être fondamentales pour la compréhension des relations entre les différentes régions de l’Empire ainsi que des traditions artisanales locales qui s’imposent encore parfois face à l’élaboration du langage de l’art augustéen. En même temps, l’analyse des statues féminines dans leur contexte a permis de démontrer une différence substantielle entre le plan de l’art officiel et celui de la production privée : contrairement aux choix iconographiques et stylistiques réservés aux hommes, les premières statues honorifiques des femmes romaines ne se révèlent pas totalement soumises aux règles de l’imitatio principis. L’importance de cette étude repose dans l’originalité de cette période de transition entre les modèles féminins issus de la précédente expérience iconographique hellénistique et ceux élaborés au cours de la période impériale romaineThe statues of roman women during the end of the Republic and the first decades of the Empire were far more diversified than what previous scholars have claimed so far. Thanks to two-hundred and four female statues on round and high-reliefs collected from the west provinces of the roman Empire, the classifications proposed in the previous studies are retreated in order to stress the existence of a rich group of variations, which were different from the hellenistic statue types or from those which had been introduced during the imperial period. This variations are fundamental for the understanding of the relations between the different regions of the Empire as is the knowledge of traditional handicrafts, which were still heterogeneous in spite of the hellenization of roman art in the roman Republic. Moreover, this study of female honorific statues stresses the difference between the private and the official levels: on the contrary of masculine honorific sculpture, the first female statues from honorific context don't strictly reproduce the types and the facial features of female members of the Domus Augusta. The importance of this study resides in the peculiarity of this period of transition that, lying between the hellenistic and the imperial eras, represents a key moment for the elaboration of the image of the roman woman
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Dachary, Morgane. "Le Magdalénien des Pyrénées occidentales." Phd thesis, Université de Nanterre - Paris X, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00348708.
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Consacrée à l'industrie lithique du Magdalénien moyen et supérieur-final dans les Pyrénées occidenta-les, cette analyse se propose d'atteindre trois objectifs principaux : * la présentation du cadre chronologique et environnemental de cette région à la fin du Pléisto-cène, ainsi que des débats scientifiques qui la concernent,
* la constitution d'une séquence de référence restituant l'évolution diachronique des industries lithiques,
* et l'ébauche d'une comparaison avec les régions avoisinantes, afin d'intégrer les Pyrénées occidentales dans la dynamique culturelle du Magdalénien à une échelle plus large, notamment pour percevoir les influences auxquelles cette zone est soumise.
Quatre raisons majeures justifient le choix de cette zone :
* sa localisation – au carrefour de trois ensembles culturels et sur l'une des deux voies de cir-culation inévitable entre l'Europe occidentale et la péninsule ibérique – ,
* la concentration géographique de ses gisements,
* l'étude approfondie des industries lithiques qui montre que la réputation de monotonie peine à cacher une diversité qui pourrait être chronologiquement significative
* et l'apparition de nouvelles techniques d'analyses lithiques depuis les dernières grandes syn-thèses consacrées à cette région.
Deux méthodes d'étude ont été utilisées :
* synthèse bibliographique pour la reconstitution du cadre chronologique et environnemental et pour faire un état des recherches consacrées à cette région.
* et analyse de l'industrie lithique de trois gisements archéologiques selon une méthode qui prend en compte les matières premières exploitées, les modes de fabrication des supports d'outils et la produc-tion des outils.
Les sites ont été choisis en raison de leur longue séquence stratigraphique – Bourrouilla à Arancou (64) et Duruthy à Sorde (40) – ou pour la qualité des informations fournies – Arbouet (64).
Les résultats aboutissent à deux types d'interprétations. Ils permettent de caractériser les gisements en eux-mêmes et de comprendre le lien entre les Pyrénées occidentales et les régions voisines. Plusieurs tendan-ces apparaissent :
L'approvisionnement en matières premières siliceuses est essentiellement local. Et ce, en dépit des constatations faites dans les Pyrénées centrales, par exemple, où quelques gisements ont livré des silex collec-tés dans le nord de l'Aquitaine.
Ces industries ne montrent pas de particularismes techniques et s'inscrivent donc pleinement dans le cadre technologique général et la variété du Magdalénien. Sauf dans de rares cas, la conduite de l'exploitation des nucléus atteste d'un fort « opportunisme » dans la mesure où le bloc guide les choix techniques au sein d'un vaste ensemble de possibles.
Malgré l'existence de probables faciès d'activité, des modifications diachroniques de la composition techno-typologique de ces industries sont perceptibles. En effet, le croisement entre les analyses strictement techniques et celle de l'outillage montre que :
- l'outillage est riche en lamelles de type scalène et/ou en lamelles à dos tronquées dans les pé-riodes les plus anciennes,
- l'outillage typé « Magdalénien supérieur » apparaît progressivement avec les burins de La-can, les pointes à cran puis les pointes à dos et les grattoirs unguiformes,
- la fin du Magdalénien supérieur voit s'enrichir la palette technique avec l'apparition d'un dé-bitage de type carénoïde qui vient s'ajouter au fond commun de la production très variée des lamelles au Mag-dalénien moyen et supérieur,
- l'extrême fin de la période révèle l'utilisation d'une nouvelle chaîne opératoire : celle desti-née à la production de supports massifs, obtenus par percussion dure rentrante, pour les pointes à dos. Elle est accompagnée de l'apparition d'une nouvelle production laminaire, au percuteur dur. Cette constatation est d'autant plus surprenante qu'elle a été réalisée au sein d'une industrie encore très magdalénienne dans ses composantes aussi bien lithique qu'osseuse.
Enfin, la confrontation des résultats de l'analyse de l'industrie lithique avec les sources bibliographi-ques disponibles pour les gisements contemporains prouve que, en l'état de la recherche, les gisements des Py-rénées occidentales s'apparentent plutôt à ceux du nord de l'Aquitaine qu'aux aires culturelles les plus pro-ches, c'est-à-dire les Cantabres et les Pyrénées. Ces résultats doivent cependant être nuancés en raison de l'absence de certains outils nord-aquitains (conformément aux Pyrénées centrales et aux Cantabres).
Ce travail a eu pour but de dresser un bilan bibliographique approfondi des données disponibles pour la fin du Paléolithique supérieur dans les Pyrénées occidentales, mais aussi de démontrer que l'étude de l'industrie lithique est susceptible d'apporter des résultats majeurs et novateurs. Il s'est agi :
¬ de réfuter définitivement le postulat d'une zone pauvre en matières premières lithiques exploitables à travers l'analyse de leur mode d'approvisionnement,
¬ d'élaborer, pour la fin du Paléolithique supérieur, une nouvelle séquence de référence qui tient compte de la technique d'obtention des supports lithiques mais aussi de l'outillage. Elle demande désormais à être confirmée par l'étude de gisements non retenus dans le cadre de la thèse. Cependant, elle a d'ores et déjà montré que Bourrouilla et Duruthy – au moins – possèdent des clés fondamentales pour la compréhension de la transition entre la fin du Paléolithique supérieur et le Mésolithique,
¬ et de démontrer que, au Magdalénien, l'influence des deux « régions culturelles » les plus proches – Pyrénées centrales et Cantabres – n'était pas plus marquée que celle, plus éloignée, du Périgord.
De multiples pistes de recherches possibles sont ainsi esquissées.
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Devau, Bernard. "La transition bioclimatique et phytogéographique de l'Alpin à l'Oro-Atlantique : les hauts massifs des Pyrénées occidentales." Grenoble 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987GRE10118.
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L'analyse climatique a permis de definir sept climats d'influence oceanique, trois climats a tendance continentale et trois climats d'influence mediterraneenne. La valeur biogeographique de cette region est demontree par les limites occidentales absolues du pin a crochets, du rhododendron ferrugineux, du sapin, de carex curvula, festuca eskia, f. Scoparia et empetrum hermaphroditum qui sont representatives des principales series de vegetation des pyrenees. A la faveur de conditions stationnelles particulieres, des especes tres anciennes ont pu subsister, creant des enclaves oromediterraneennes en climat atlantique
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Berigan, William John. "Nest site selection of California spotted owls (Strix occidentalis occidentalis) in the Lassen National Forest analyzed at several spatial scales." CSU, Chico Electronic Masters Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10211.4/77.
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Halley, Morgan A. "Thermal selection in Sceloporus occidentalis during exercise recovery." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/148.
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Ectotherms regulate body temperature (Tb) primarily through behavioral interactions with their environment. These animals also have limited aerobic scopes and must rely on anaerobic metabolism to support intense activity; lactate byproduct and glycogen depletion are two consequences of anaerobic metabolism that must be dealt with during exercise recovery. It has been suggested that, in many ectothermic species, Tb may affect the rate of lactate clearance and glycogen repletion during recovery from intense exercise. This study investigated thermoregulatory behavior in Western Fence Lizards (Sceloporus occidentalis) to determine preferred Tb during exercise recovery. I hypothesized that animals would select higher Tb’sduring the recovery period on the basis that biochemical processes occur at faster rates at high temperatures, which may facilitate a more rapid reduction of lactate and replenishment of glycogen stores. However, it was found that control animals maintained a constant Tb of 33°C, while exercised animals cooled Tb to 30°C 20 minutes after exercising, and eventually warmed to 32°C by the 2 hour mark. Animals were found to be able to cool Tb by a maximum of 0.175°C/min given the available temperatures, which negated possible effects of temperature variation on Tb during exercise trials and transport. My results suggest a benefit of lowered Tb to facilitate exercise recovery in these animals. Behavioral hypothermia in S. occidentalis may be caused by physiological triggers associated with intense activity such as hypoxia, hypercapnia, or elevated blood lactate concentration. However, these speculations must be confirmed by further research.
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Luna, Vanessa da Silva. "Padronização Química e Botânica de Senna occidentalis LINK." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2013. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/10761.
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Dissertação Vanessa da Silva Luna.pdf: 2817338 bytes, checksum: daa789e3078d8df332a60f1dfee9e6d8 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T16:38:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação Vanessa da Silva Luna.pdf: 2817338 bytes, checksum: daa789e3078d8df332a60f1dfee9e6d8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02
FACEPE (Fundação de Amparo à Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Pernambuco)
A padronização química de medicamentos fitoterápicos e a garantia da sua eficácia e segurança requerem métodos analíticos adequados para a detecção e quantificação dos princípios ativos. Dentre as técnicas que podem ser empregadas para tal finalidade, a espectrofotometria no ultravioleta-visível (UV/Vis) é uma técnica reconhecida pela acessibilidade, rapidez, baixa complexidade operacional e custo reduzido. Tratando-se do doseamento de flavonoides, uma alternativa é a utilização do cloreto de alumínio (AlCl3), o qual reage com os flavonoides, proporcionando na análise espectrofotométrica, um deslocamento batocrômico para maiores comprimentos de onda e intensificação da absorção. Neste contexto, o objetivo principal deste trabalho foi realizar a padronização química e botânica das folhas de Senna occidentalis, de forma a estabelecer especificações analíticas que permitam sua aplicabilidade na rotina do controle de qualidade. Adicionalmente, foram estabelecidas especificações complementares de qualidade para a espécie através da caracterização fitoquímica e físico-química (granulometria, perda por dessecação, teor de cinzas e teor de extrativos) e a avaliação e proposta de um método analítico para quantificação de flavonoides totais nesta espécie. A análise anatômica de S. occidentalis permitiu observar a presença de tricomas restrita à face abaxial das suas folhas como um diferencial para a distinção entre as demais espécies de Senna. A presença de compostos fenólicos, entre eles flavonoides e antraquinonas foi confirmada tanto no estudo histoquímico, quanto no fitoquímico. Os resultados da perda por dessecação (10,93% ± 0,057 (0,528%)), teor de extrativos (35,35% ± 0,061 (0,86%)), teor de cinzas totais (10,2%± 0,17 (1,69%)) e teor de cinzas insolúveis em ácido (7,72% ± 0,19 (2,49%)), com respectivos desvios padrão e coeficiente de variação mostraram-se dentro das especificações preconizadas pela Farmacopeia Brasileira 5ª edição. Para o desenvolvimento e validação do método proposto, foram seguidas as especificações da RE nº 899/03 (ANVISA). O método para quantificação de flavonoides mostrou-se adequado para esta espécie, uma vez que a mesma possui em sua composição flavonoides com estrutura química C-glicosilada, apresentando especificidade e linearidade (R² = 0,9993). A porcentagem de recuperação foi de 101,7, 103,2 e 98,59% para valores teóricos de TFT iguais a 4,11, 5,30 e 6,41 mg/mL respectivamente. A repetitividade, determinada pelo desvio padrão relativo de sextuplicatas à concentração do teste para o extrato, apresentou TFT = 2,97 mg/mL ± 0,070 (2,33%), enquanto para a precisão intermediária, os resultados entre analistas diferentes em um mesmo dia e em dias diferentes não apresentaram diferença estatisticamente significativa, assim como os resultados do teste de robustez. Tais resultados refletem a adequação do método proposto para análise quantitativa de flavonoides totais nas folhas de S. occidentalis dentro dos parâmetros de validação estabelecidos pela RE nº 899/2003, garantindo assim confiabilidade suficiente para sua adoção na rotina de controle de qualidade. Dessa forma, a importância deste estudo tem como finalidade contribuir no processo de identificação, controle e padronização de parâmetros de qualidade para as folhas de S. occidentalis.
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Holland, David. "Glycosylhydrolases and the control of mannose/galactose ratio in legume-seed galactomannan." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322061.
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Bailliot, Magali. "Pratiques magiques et croyances dans les provinces occidentales de l'Empire romain (Ier-IVe s. ) : "prières judiciaires" et tabellae defixionum, essai d'interprétation." Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010506.
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Adressés aux dieux, les rituels corrélatifs aux textes de malédiction devaient favoriser les victoires aux jeux, aux procès, en amour ou l'obtention de vengeances, d'où quatre catégories : tabellae agonisticae, iudicariae, amatoriae, " prières judiciaires ". Restituer les séquences rituelles permet de distinguer chaque catégorie de tabellae defixionum et les " prières judiciaires " Te��moignages archéologiques d'agressions symboliques placées sous l'égide des dieux, les malédictions semblent reposer sur des renversements rituels et rétablir des situations " impies ". Elles ne paraissent pas contraindre les dieux. Si la distinction entre les rites religieux et magiques est aujourd'hui moins nette, généralement, la contrainte désigne toujours les opérations de magie. Or, l'étude des textes indique que la magie -dont les rites reposent sur des règles codifiées et récurrentes -n'est pas la négation du social mais le secret ou l'un des secrets de son fonctionnement. .
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Truong, Thi-Lièu. "Vo Phiên : culture nationale, lectures occidentales." Paris 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA030075.
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Ahiska, Saziye Meltem. "An occidentalist fantasy : early Turkish radio and national identity." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311919.
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Lombardo, Marcia. "Avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana e da citotoxicidade de extratos aquosos e hidroalcoólicos de Senna occidentalis L. (Link)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9139/tde-26012017-120631/.
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A Senna occidentalis é uma leguminosa nativa das Américas largamente distribuída e utilizada popularmente em regiões tropicais do mundo, apresentando relevância na busca de novos produtos naturais biologicamente ativos. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo a avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana e citotóxica de extratos aquosos das sementes e suas trações protéicas, bem como dos extratos hidroalcoólicos das sementes e das partes aéreas dessa planta, visando a sua utilização em preparações tópicas. As atividades antibacteriana e antifúngica, frente aos microrganismos padrões farmacêuticos, foram avaliadas pela técnica de diluição em meios líquidos, adaptada para microplacas. A citotoxicidade das amostras ativas foi avaliada pelo teste do MTS, empregando-se cultura de fibroblastos NIH-3T3. Como resultado, o extrato hidroalcoólico de sementes a 0,3% (p/v) foi o que melhor demonstrou potencial antimicrobiano, além de toxicidade adequada, podendo ser um candidato para o uso como um antimicrobiano ou conservante de preparações tópicas.Senna occidentalis is a native leguminous from America widely spread in tropical regions of the world and employed in folk medicine, showing a great importance on the search of new bioactive natural products. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of the aqueous extract seeds\' and its protein fractions, as well the hydro-alcoholic extracts seeds\' and aerial parts from this plant, considering its possible use in topic preparations. The antibacterial and antifungal activities, against the pharmaceutical standard microorganisms, were evaluated by broth dilution technique, adapted to microplates. The cytotoxicity of active samples was evaluated by the cellular viability test with MTS employing NIH-3T3 fibroblasts cell culture. As a result, the hydro-alcoholic extract seeds\' 0,3% (w/v) demonstrated a better antimicrobial potential and a suitable toxicity. In such case, this extract could be a candidate for the use as antimicrobial or preservative of topic preparations.
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Wang, Tsung-Tsan 1959. "Transformant system and gene expression of yeast Schwanniomyces occidentalis." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=35955.
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Schwanniomyces occidentalis (Debaryomyces occidentalis ) is able to grow rapidly with high cell mass on cheap starch as a carbon source, produce strong amylolytic enzymes extracellularly and secrete large proteins without hyper-glycosylation and measurable extracellular proteases. Schw. occidentalis thus has a high potential as, a useful alternative to Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the production of heterologous proteins. However, the molecular study of Schw. occidentalis has been very limited due to the insufficient transformation system and lack of gene expression information.A new transformation system of Schw. occidentalis has been developed. This system was based on vector YEp13 ( LEU2) and a stable leu auxotrophic mutant, Schw. occidentalis DW88, obtained by treating the yeast with 1-methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine. The transformation efficiency of YEp13 by spheroplast-mediating method was 103 transformants/mug DNA. The 2-mum replicon is proposed to be responsible for YEp13 replication in Schw. occidentalis. The YEp13 stability in Schw. occidentalis was low, but it kept its structure in the yeast, suggesting that Schw. occidentalis DW88 does not modify foreign DNA.
After analysis of 14 cloned Schw. occidentalis genes and comparison of associated genes from both Schw. occidentalis and S. cerevisiae, 25 codons were arbitrarily chosen as putative preferred codons for Schw. occidentalis. They are similar to those of S. cerevisiae, except for TTA for leucine, and AAA for lysine. Codon Bias Index (CBI), a criterion to evaluate gene expression, is calculated from preferred codons. A computer program (PCBI) which reads a gene containing introns was developed to quickly calculate CBI.
Schw. occidentalis DWSS should be a good host to produce and secrete heterologous proteins and the putative preferred codons and program PCBI can facilitate molecular study of Schw. occidentalis. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Wang, Tsung-Tsan. "Transformant system and gene expression of yeast Schwanniomyces occidentalis." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ50279.pdf.
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Mariano-Souza, Domenica Palomaris. "Avaliação dos efeitos tóxicos da Senna occidentalis em ratos. Parâmetros: bioquímicos, hematológicos, anatomopatológicos e inflamatórios." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10133/tde-03052007-142639/.
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Tanto no Brasil como em vários outros países, a Senna occidentalis é uma planta de interesse agropecuário, pois é encontrada em pastos ou como contaminante de cereais, podendo, causar intoxicação na criação animal. Além disto, vem sendo utilizada, empiricamente, na Medicina Humana, para o tratamento de várias afecções. Em estudo recente, verificou-se que frangos tratados com sementes de S. occidentalis apresentavam, além das lesões musculares, alterações em órgãos linfóides. Assim, o presente trabalho procurou verificar se as sementes de S. occidentalis poderiam produzir efeitos tóxicos nos órgãos linfóides de mamíferos, utilizando, para tal, ratos como modelo experimental. As sementes de S. occidentalis foram administradas, durante 14 dias, a ratos Wistar (150-200g), em diferentes concentrações de sementes desta planta na ração: 1% (So1), 2% (So2) e 4%(So4). Os animais do grupo peer-feeding (PF) receberam a mesma quantidade de ração consumida pelos animais tratados com So4, porém isentas da planta. Foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros: consumo de água e ração e ganho de peso, avaliação hematológica e bioquímica, além da histopatologia, morfometria e de ensaios preconizados para o estudo da resposta imunológica não específica. Todos os ratos pertencentes aos diferentes grupos experimentais apresentaram diminuição no consumo de ração e água e no ganho de peso. A avaliação hematológica revelou anemia microcítica e hipocrômica nos animais que receberam 4% da planta. Além disso, todos os animais dos grupos So2 e So4 apresentaram depleção de células linfóides e redução da polpa branca do baço. Os ratos pertencentes ao grupo So4 apresentaram redução significante no peso relativo do timo e diminuição significante na região cortical e também no diâmetro dos folículos medulares deste órgão. Estes mesmos animais apresentaram diminuição da produção de água oxigenada e óxido nítrico. Em relação à resposta inflamatória, todos os animais dos grupos experimentais, apresentaram redução na evolução do edema inflamatório agudo e crônico. Assim, a presente pesquisa mostrou que, também em mamíferos, a S. occidentalis pode comprometer o sistema imunológico, haja vista as alterações encontradas no timo e baço dos ratos expostos à planta. Além disso, verificou-se que as sementes desta planta também promovem efeitos tóxicos sobre eritrócitos e alterações na resposta inflamatória. A inclusão do grupo PF permitiu verificar que os efeitos aqui encontrados não são devidos a possíveis alterações nutricionais promovidas pela queda do consumo de alimento e sim relacionados ao efeito tóxico direto da S. occidentalis.Senna occidentalis is a weed which grows in pasture along fences and fields cultivated with cereals as corn and soybean and many reports have been showing intoxication with this plant in different animal species. The effects of daily administration of S. occidentalis seeds in different concentrations 1% (So1), 2 % (So2) and 4% (So4) in ration was investigated in rats. It was also evaluated the effects of rats that received the same amount of ration to those of So4-group, however free of S. occidentalis seeds, (PF-rats). The experimental period lasted 14 days and the effects were evaluated on the basis of food consumption, weight gain, hematological and biochemical parameters, inflammatory and immunological responses, as well as histopathology, relative organ weight and morphometric analysis. All experimental animals, showed significant decrease in ration and water consumption and body weight gain. The hematological parameters revealed microcytic and hypochromic anemia in those animals treated with the higher concentration S. occidentalis seeds. Morphometric analysis of the spleen from So2 and So4-animals displayed a significant decrease in the cortical thickness. The thymus from So4-rats showed reduction in the organ size, and the morphometry revealed thickness and reduction of the diameter of the follicles at the cortical area. The same animals presented reduction in hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide production. In inflammatory response all experimental animals, showed significant decrease in the evolution of acute and chronic edema. These results showed that the alterations found in this present study are related to the poisonous effects of the S. occidentalis and not to the malnutrition.
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Borges, Maraisa Delmut. "AVALIAÇÃO DOS EXTRATOS DA CASSIA OCCIDENTALIS NA CICATRIZAÇÃO DE FERIDAS CUTÂNEAS CAUSADAS POR INDUÇÃO DE VENENO DE Bothrops moojeni EM CAMUNDONGOS." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2011. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/3146.
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Previous issue date: 2011-08-12INTRODUCTION: The snake bites caused by Bothrops snakes constitute a major public health problem in tropical regions around the world. Research is being developed with the goal of finding therapies and substances that can be used to decrease local reaction caused by the snake bite, among them is the use of medicinal plants such as Cassia occidentalis. OBJECTIVES: Evaluate the healing activity of ethanolic extracts of roots and leaves of Cassia occidentalis in skin wounds in mice induced by the venom of Bothrops moojeni. METHODS: The hydroalcoholic extract was obtained by the method of percolation. The extracts of leaves and root of C. occidentalis a occidentalis at 10% were incorporated in Lanette cream. The study used 36 female Swiss albino mice, 60 days old, divided randomly into two groups (n = 18) and subdivided into three subgroups (n = 6). For the wound induction, the animals were anesthetized the dorsal-cervical region was shaved and intradermal inoculation was made with 4 mg of the venom of Bothrops moojeni diluted in saline in order to cause local necrosis.RESULTS: The leaves extract of C. occidentalis at 10% cream Lanette stimulated angiogenesis in wounds at the 7th and 14th day after the inoculation of the venom of Bothrops moojeni. CONCLUSIONS: The leaf extract of Cassia occidentalis at 10% cream Lanette, had a positive effect on healing, that justifies the use of this plant in the treatment of snakebites wounds.
INTRODUÇÃO:Os acidentes ofídicos provocados por serpentes do gênero Bothrops constituem importante problema de Saúde Pública em regiões tropicais de todo o mundo. Pesquisas estão sendo desenvolvidas com o objetivo de diminuir a reação local provocada pelo envenenamento botrópico, com o uso de várias substâncias e terapias e entre elas, o uso de plantas medicinais, como a Cassia occidentalis usada popularmente para picada de cobra.OBJETIVOS:Avaliar a atividade cicatrizante dos extratos etanólicos da raiz e das folhas da Cassia occidentalis em feridas cutâneas em camundongos induzidas pelo veneno da Bothrops moojeni.METODOLOGIA:O extrato hidroalcoólico foi obtido através do método de percolação,10% dos extratos de folhas e raiz da C. occidentalis foram incorporados em creme Lanette. Foram utilizados 36 camundongos albinos Swiss, fêmeas, com 60 dias de idade, peso entre 20 a 40 g. Os animais (n=36) foram pesados e divididos de forma aleatória, em dois grupos (n=18) e subdivididos em três subgrupos (n=6), Para a indução da ferida, os animais foram anestesiados, por via muscular, com uma associação de cloridrato de cetamina e cloridrato de xilazina nas doses de 70 mg Kg-1 e 10 mg Kg-1, respectivamente. Após a tricotomia da região dorsocervical, foram inoculados intradermicamente com 4 µg da peçonha da B. moojeni diluída em salina, a fim de se provocar uma necrose local.RESULTADOS:O extrato das folhas da C. occidentalis a 10% em creme Lanette estimulou a angiogênese em feridas na derme de camundongos no 7º e 14º dias após a inoculação do veneno da B. moojeni.CONCLUSÕES:Dessa forma, a atividade angiogênica do extrato da folha da Cassia occidentalis evidenciada pode justificar os achados observados na macroscopia, onde foi evidenciada melhor resolução do processo cicatricial.
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France, Jérôme. "Quadragesima galliarum : Recherche sur l'organisation douanière des provinces alpestres, gauloises et germaniques de l'empire romain (1er siècle avant -3ème siècle après J.-C.)." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010668.
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L’impôt douanier (portorium) de la quadragesima galliarum (quarantième des gaules) a été mis en place au début du règne d'auguste afin de remplacer et de rationaliser les divers systèmes de prélèvement qui avaient existé en gaule indépendante et dans les premiers temps de l'administration romaine. Cette taxe de 2,5% était assise sur la base d'un cordon douanier terrestre et maritime, oriente d'ouest en est, de la frontière avec la Tarraconaise aux limites de la Retie. Elle frappait les échanges qui franchissaient cette ligne dans un sens comme dans l'autre. D’abord affermée a une compagnie de socii, la perception du quarantième des gaules fut l'objet d'une surveillance et d'un contrôle de plus en plus étroit de la part de l'état. C’est pour cette raison qu'elle fut confiée, à partir de la fin du Ier siècle ou du début du IIe siècle, a des conductores, pour être finalement placée en régie directe entre 180 et 200 après J. -CThe Quadragesima galliarum custom duty was created at the beginning of the reign of Augustus in order to replace and to rationalize the various tax systems which have existed in independent Gaul and in the first times of the roman administration. This 2,5% tax was set on the basis of a terrestrial an maritime west-east custom line, which ran from the border of the Hispania Tarraconensis to the limits of the Raetia. It imposed a duty on the exchanges that crossed this line in any direction. At first farmed to private contractors (a socii company), the Quadragesima galliarum collection was more and more closely controlled and superintended by the state. It is the reason why it was leased out to conductores, from the end of the first century or the beginning of the second century ad, before being finally collected by officials between 180-200 ad