Relevant bibliographies by topics / Occidentalism

Academic literature on the topic 'Occidentalism'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 26 April 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Occidentalism"

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Mohammed Sultan, Muthanna. "Pioneers Occidentalists : The Emergence of American Occidentalism." Al-Adab Journal 1, no. 124 (September 15, 2018): 17–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31973/aj.v1i124.111.

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This paper investigates an important area in postcolonial studies. It analyzes American politics reflected in both its foreign policies and in literature as a new trend that may be called “American Occidentalism.” The United States replaces Europe and any other power as the sole agent capable of interfering in global affairs. And in this very sense, it becomes the representative of the Occident. All these claims bring salient consequences and threads. Prominent scholars recognize the decisive American role in Occidentalism; they try to highlight the U.S. position in introducing and presenting itself as the representative of Occidental world. In order to investigate all this and probe its characteristics, the paper is going to start with some pioneers who articulate and indicate to this American Occidental phenomenon. Edward Said, Avram Noam Chomsky and others are going to be read accordingly.
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Izza, Yogi prana. "Oksidentalisme ; Membuka Kedok Imperalisme Barat." At-Tuhfah 5, no. 9 (December 18, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.36840/jurnalstudikeislaman.v5i9.46.

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Occidentalism is the opposite of orientalism. If Orientalism serves as a theory of knowledge that is used to study the eastern world (Islam), then the reverse is occidentalism is used to study the Western world. One of the initiators of Occidentalism figure is Hasan Hanafi. Through his Occidentalism theory, this paper seeks to unmask imperialism Dutch politics in Java in the 19th century and the beginning of 20. The result is a political culture that is used Dutch ancient times, same the patterns with contemporary politics in the present era. Thus, it is time, the reality of contemporary addressed wisely. As the purpose of Occidentalism’s Hassan Hanafi is to awaken people to the project called "atturast wa at-tajdid" (Heritage Civilization and Renewal) and the reality of the present (al-waqi ') can be addressed wisely by doing the reconstruction of the heritage of ancient civilizations (at-turast al-Qodim), as well as the position of al-ana confirmation before Western culture (al-Akhar)
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Salhi, Zahia Smail. "The Arab World and the Occident: Toward the Construction of an Occidentalist Discourse." مجلة كلية الشريعة و الدراسات الإسلامية 39, no. 2 (October 2021): 205–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/jcsis.2021.0306.

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Purpose: This article aims to engage in a meaningful discussion of Occidentalism as a discourse that draws its roots from Orientalism. It scrutinizes the limitations of Occidentalism in investigating the East-West encounter from the perspective of Orientals (Arab intellectuals) and the multifarious ways the latter relate to and imagine the Occident. It will cast a critical eye on the multiple and diverse constructions of Occidentalism as a discourse, arguing that unlike Orientalism, which homogenizes the Orient, Occidentalism does not Occidentalize/homogenize the Occident. Methodology: We take as a starting point Edward Said’s definition of Orientalism as a style of thought based upon an ontological and epistemological distinction made between ‘the Orient’ and ‘the Occident’, and we explore the limitations and the possibilities of Occidentalism as a method to construe the colonial mechanisms of misrepresentation of the Other as everything different from the Self. This article compares and contrasts a plethora of existing definitions of Occidentalism as formulated by scholars from both the Arab world and the Occident. Findings: This paper concludes that the Oriental’s encounter with the Occident cannot, and should not, be projected as a reverse relationship, or, as some claim, as an ‘Orientalism in reverse’. Instead, it should be projected as a diverse set of relationships of Orientals who have experienced the Occident in a variety of manners. Furthermore, while Orientalism derives from a particular closeness experienced between the Occident and its Orient, often through real or imagined encounters, Occidentalism is also the outcome of a long cultural relationship between the Orient and its Occident. What differs between the Orient and Occident, however, is the position of power and hegemony, which characterizes the Occident’s encounter with the Orient. Originality: This article takes an all-inclusive view to discuss the term Occidentalism from the perspectives of both the Orient and the Occident. It teases out the limitations of this term. It challenges Orientalist methods of misrepresentation, which continues to blemish the Arab world and its discourse of Occidentalism as a discourse of hatred of the Occident. Furthermore, through the discussion of Alloula’s Oriental Harem, it offers insight into the suggested Occidentalism method, which emphasizes the disfigurations of the Orient while tactfully writing back to the Occident.
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Al-Hamdi, Ridho. "HASSAN HANAFI’S OCCIDENTALISM." Epistemé: Jurnal Pengembangan Ilmu Keislaman 14, no. 1 (June 15, 2019): 51–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21274/epis.2019.14.1.51-82.

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This paper examines Hanafi’s concept of Occidentalism in the epistemological approach. It aims to investigate the character, study source, research method, validity, and objectives of Occidentalism. The paper findings demonstrate that Occidentalism is a science which aims to dismantle the myth of Western superiority and, in turn, to build an equal civilization. The study root of Occidentalism is the formation, structure, and fate of the European consciousness. The formation comprises the exposed and unexposed sources of the European consciousness. The structure encompasses the ideologies of nationalism, Zionism, Nazism, Facism, and racialism. Fate relies on the model of the relationship between the East and the West. Afterward, Hanafi employs two research methods: historical-dialectical and phenomenology. Lastly, science can be recognized as Occidentalism if it has a fivefold standard: there is the dialectic of the East and the West, positioning European consciousness as the study object, self-liberation as the spirit to liberate the East from Western hegemony, dismantling the myth of cosmopolite culture, and the accomplishment of an equal civilization.
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Massad. "Orientalism as Occidentalism." History of the Present 5, no. 1 (2015): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/historypresent.5.1.0083.

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EMBREE, A. T. "Occidentalism in India." Oxford Art Journal 19, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 96–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxartj/19.1.96.

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Wang, Ning. "Orientalism versus Occidentalism?" New Literary History 28, no. 1 (1997): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/nlh.1997.0013.

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Venn, Couze. "Algeria and Occidentalism." Parallax 4, no. 2 (April 1998): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/135346498250280.

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Küçük, Bülent, and Ceren Özselçuk. "Revisiting Occidentalism/Orientalism." South Atlantic Quarterly 118, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00382876-7281672.

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Elsherif, Amr. "Occidentalism and Cultural Identity." Interventions 17, no. 5 (December 10, 2014): 621–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1369801x.2014.984616.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Occidentalism"

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Hayman, Sarah. "Re-veiling and occidentalism four case studies /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2007.

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Gu, Lingzhi. "Occidentalism and translation studies as academic discourse." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.601686.

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This study aims la explore Occidentalism - the essentialist renderings of the West - as an intellectual and (or) political trend in modem Chinese society, and in particular to investigate whether, and if so, how, to what extent, and why stylised images of the West in contrast with those of China are manifested in Chinese translation scholars' theoretical discourses. I have answered these questions by doing case studies on some translation scholars and analysing their theoretical discourses produced in certain soda-political and historical circumstances. This thesis argues that what these scholars think and write about the West and how they visualize the Chinese-Western cultural relationship are at the hcal1 of their discourses, and various notions of the West vs. China in the antagonistic debates in Chinese translation studi.es are often employed to accomplish certain tasks. Among these are: to preserve tradition and assert identity against the West; to resonate with the state doctrines; to adopt the Western mode of producing knowledge clue to a strong sense of "self-insufficiency"; to win power by engaging with their Western counterparts; or to be a way of asserting other positions vis-a.-vis the Chinese- Western cultural relationship. This thesis also argues that dialectical and essentialist definitions of the West and China are to a greater or lesser extent shaped by socio-political complexities, and more or less driven by a range of local elite interests. Occidentalism in its various forms suggests different power relations between Chinese society and the outside world; it is also part of a critique of internal differences a'1d conflicts within Chinese society, and within Chinese translation studies. Using the theoretical framework of Occidentalism, this thesis hopes to illustrate the connections between discourse, society and history, and the dynamic exchange between individual scholar's academic endeavour and the broad so cia-political concerns. This study aims la explore Occidentalism - the essentialist renderings of the West - as an intellectual and (or) political trend in modem Chinese society, and in particular to investigate whether, and if so, how, to what extent, and why stylised images of the West in contrast with those of China are manifested in Chinese translation scholars' theoretical discourses. I have answered these questions by doing case studies on some translation scholars and analysing their theoretical discourses produced in certain soda-political and historical circumstances. This thesis argues that what these scholars think and write about the West and how they visualize the Chinese-Western cultural relationship are at the hcal1 of their discourses, and various notions of the West vs. China in the antagonistic debates in Chinese translation studi.es are often employed to accomplish certain tasks. Among these are: to preserve tradition and assert identity against the West; to resonate with the state doctrines; to adopt the Western mode of producing knowledge clue to a strong sense of "self-insufficiency"; to win power by engaging with their Western counterparts; or to be a way of asserting other positions vis-a.-vis the Chinese- Western cultural relationship. This thesis also argues that dialectical and essentialist definitions of the West and China are to a greater or lesser extent shaped by socio-political complexities, and more or less driven by a range of local elite interests. Occidentalism in its various forms suggests different power relations between Chinese society and the outside world; it is also part of a critique of internal differences a'1d conflicts within Chinese society, and within Chinese translation studies. Using the theoretical framework of Occidentalism, this thesis hopes to illustrate the connections between discourse, society and history, and the dynamic exchange between individual scholar's academic endeavour and the broad socia-political concerns.
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Håkansson, Daniel. "Barbarerna från väst : Japanernas syn på västvärlden under 1800-talet i texter tagna ur Sources of Japanese tradition och The Iwakura Embassy." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Humanities, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-2173.

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Hutchinson, Rachael. "Occidentalism in Nagai Kafu : constructing a critique of Meiju, 1903-1912." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340033.

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Ezz, El Din Mahitab. "Beyond Orientalism and Occidentalism : Identity constructions in Arab and Western news media." Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-51936.

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This study examines how the media construct the identities of the Other by creating various ‘us’ versus ‘them’ positions (Othering) when covering non-violence-based intercultural conflicts in Arab and Western news media. Othering in this study is understood as an umbrella concept that in general terms refers to the discursive process of constructing and positioning the Self and the Other into separate identities of an ‘us’ and a ‘them.’ This process is analysed using a mixed method approach. A content analysis is used to map the data, and then a closer examination of the discourse is conducted using a qualitative approach inspired by critical discourse analysis. Two empirical studies are conducted based on this analysis: 1) the case of the Swedish newspaper Nerikes Allehanda’s publication of caricatures of the Prophet Mohamed in 2007 and 2) the media coverage of the headscarf ban in French state schools in 2004. This study also employs Galtung’s Peace Journalism model as a frame of reference in the conclusions to discuss how this model could contribute, if applied in journalistic texts, to more balanced constructions of intercultural conflicts. The results show that Othering is a central discursive practice that is commonly adopted in both Arab and Western media coverage of non-violent intercultural conflicts, but it appears in different forms. Many of the previous studies have devoted considerable attention to rather conventional dichotomous constructions of Eastern and Western Others. The present study, in contrast, brings to the fore more non-conventional constructions and, while recognizing the occurrence of the conventional constructions, goes beyond these binary oppositions of ‘us’ and ‘them’. Variations in the types of identity constructions found in my study can be attributed to the mode of the article, the actors/voices included, the media affiliations and the topic and its overall contextualization. The different types of identity constructions in the media coverage may bring about a less black and white understanding of an event and help bring forth a more nuanced picture of what is going on and who is doing what in a conflict situation. Their occurrence in the media can possibly be linked to a new vision of a global society that does not necessarily constitute homogenous groups with the same characteristics, but rather is more consistent with a hybrid identity. This research is timely, as with the recent arrival of large groups of migrants from the Middle East, the ‘fear of Islam,’ and the right wing propaganda regarding Muslims as a threat is increasing. Islamophobia can be seen as a new form of racism used by elites to serve particular agendas. If media practitioners applied a more critical awareness in their writings so as not to reproduce culturally rooted stereotypes, which can inflame conflicts between people and nations, we might see less hostility against migrants and achieve a less racist world.
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Blomberg, Gudmundsson Julie. "The Orient and The Occident : Breaking Stereotypes in The Reluctant Fundamentalist." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk och litteratur, SOL, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-17978.

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The Reluctant Fundamentalist is a postcolonial novel that, in this essay, is argued to challenge and question the colonial stereotypes which came into greater focus after 9/11 in America. The challenge is carried out via the narrator’s identity struggle by displaying the different stereotypes he is subjected to. The quiet listener to the narrator’s monologue, together with the reader’s part in creating and making sense of the novel also contributes towards challenging these stereotypes. The East and West are set against each other, displaying how both have harsh and generalizing views of the other.
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Shiping, Luo. "Occidentalism : a semicolonial and post-semicolonial study of Chinese conceptions of the Occident." Thesis, Staffordshire University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.424546.

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Tykosson, Robin. "Beskrivningar av Öst : En studie av historieläromedel för yrkesprogrammen med utgångspunkt i konceptet orientalism." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för idé- och samhällsstudier, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-148065.

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This paper studies how the Middle East is represented in four textbooks for the history course for the professional programs in Swedish upper secondary school. By using discourse analysis and the concept of orientalism I investigate presentations of the Middle East. This study finds that in the textbooks the population of the Middle East is often generalized in modern times as Arabic and Muslim, with "the other" being religious people as the outset of the textbooks are not necessarily European and Christian, but rather European (Swedish) and secular. For example, the Ottoman Empire is portrayed as an obstacle to "western" interests and a great enemy to Christian Europe, while later it loses focus after the advent of the secularized Turkish state. Furthermore, the secular state of Israel is included as a part of "the west" and surrounded by its enemies, the Muslim "Arab states". It would appear however, that the further back in history we go, the more nuanced the representation of the Middle East is. For example, up to, and to some extent including, the middle ages the Middle East is not simply considered a material part of "the west" but rather an integral part in its future legal and cultural ideals. On the other hand the textbooks portray Islam and Christianity as wholly "incompatible" ideological enemies, with a clear geographical border passing through the Mediterranean and an emphasis on the Crusades and its peoples as bringers of war and destruction. Also, during the 20th Century it would appear that "western values" are spoken of in the Middle East as something negative.
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Cheung, Karen Chau Lam. "People mountain people sea : and between orientalism and occidentalism : language, identity and narrative space." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.426861.

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Subhi, Teysir. "Där Occidenten möter Orienten : En kvalitativ studie av synen på Öst och Väst och dess betydelse för hur fyra svenska chefer hanterar islamofobi på arbetsplatsen." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för historia och samtidsstudier, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-18367.

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Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka vilken betydelse synen på Öst och Väst har för fyra svenska chefer och dess betydelse för hur de hanterar islamofobiska värderingar på sin arbetsplats. Med hjälp av ett postkolonialt teoretiskt ramverk tar jag upp följande frågor: Vad informanterna anser att väst representera: vad de anser att Öst representerar: hur de värderar islam samt hanterar islamofobiska värderingar på sin arbetsplats. Resultatet av denna studie visar att informanterna har en negativ syn på Öst och islam samt en positiv syn på Väst. Det visar också att informanterna förknippar islam med Öst trots att de uppger att de har en bristfällig kunskap om islam. Vidare visar resultatet att informanterna trots en negativ syn på islam ändå anser det vara viktigt med en nolltolerans mot islamofobiska värderingar på arbetsplatsen. Jag tar även upp hur man kan implementera denna studie i verkligheten: detta går kort ut på vikten av att arbeta för en ökad mångfald på svenska arbetsplatser och att öka svenska chefers kunskaper om islam genom utbildning.
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Books on the topic "Occidentalism"

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Venn, Couze. Occidentalism and its discontents. Essex: University of East London, 1993.

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Venn, Couze. Occidentalism and its discontents. Dagenham: New Ethnicities Unit, University of East London, 1993.

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Venn, Couze. Occidentalism: Modernity and subjectivity. London ;aThousand Oaks, Calif: SAGE Publications, 2000.

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Gärtner, Christel, and Heidemarie Winkel, eds. Exploring Islam beyond Orientalism and Occidentalism. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-33239-6.

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Stephen, Vernoit, and Muʼassasat Nūr al-Ḥusayn, eds. Occidentalism: Islamic art in the 19th century. New York: Nour Foundation in association with Azimuth Editions and Oxford University, 1997.

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Nagai Kafu's occidentalism: Defining the Japanese self. Albany, [New York]: SUNY Press, 2011.

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Fazlhashemi, Seyyed Mohammad. Occidentalism: Idéer om väst och modernitet bland muslimska tänkare. Lund: Studentlitteratur, 2005.

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Buruma, Ian. Occidentalism: The West in the eyes of its enemies. New York: Penguin Press, 2004.

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Chen, Xiaomei. Occidentalism: A theory of counter-discourse in post-Mao China. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995.

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Occidentalism in novels of Malaysia and Singapore, 1819-2004: Colonial and postcolonial financial straits and literary style. Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen Press, 2005.

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Book chapters on the topic "Occidentalism"

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Fazlhashemi, Mohammad. "Occidentalism." In Religious Stereotyping and Interreligious Relations, 85–95. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137342676_8.

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Paranjape, Makarand R. "“Usable Pasts”: Rammohun Roy’s Occidentalism." In Making India: Colonialism, National Culture, and the Afterlife of Indian English Authority, 13–39. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4661-9_2.

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Smail Salhi, Zahia. "The Maghreb and the Occident: Towards the Construction of an Occidentalist Discourse." In Occidentalism, 10–36. Edinburgh University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9780748645800.003.0002.

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This chapter attempts to construct a non-biased definition of Occidentalism and argues that the term is still an evolving concept being constantly nourished by the ongoing relationship between Orient and Occident. It rejects the view that Occidentalism is the exact reverse of Orientalism and contends that there are many Occidentalisms as expressions by diverse ‘Orientals’ about their equally diverse encounters with the Occident. Occidentalism is therefore, the multi-conceptions produced by multi-nations not only as a reaction against Orientalism, but also as the position of at least four continents out of six, vis-à-vis Western civilisation and as Westernisation. The chapter brings into discussion scholarly views from both Orient and Occident on the issue of Occidentalism and concludes that the differing facets and meanings of Occidentalism in different theoretical perspectives and settings should be interpreted as a sign that testifies to the power of the concept rather than its inadequacy.
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Coronil, F. "Occidentalism." In International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, 10822–26. Elsevier, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b0-08-043076-7/00925-6.

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"Occidentalism." In The Fernando Coronil Reader, 315–22. Duke University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/9781478004592-015.

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"Occidentalism." In The Fernando Coronil Reader, 315–22. Duke University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv11smm28.17.

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Smail Salhi, Zahia. "Introduction." In Occidentalism, 1–9. Edinburgh University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9780748645800.003.0001.

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Edward Said defines Orientalism as ‘a style of thought based upon an ontological and epistemological distinction made between “the Orient” and “the Occident”’.1 The literature thus produced takes the distinction between East and West/Orient and Occident as the dividing line between Orientalism and Occidentalism. While in Said’s view ‘Orientalism derives from a particular closeness experienced between Britain and France and the Orient,’...
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Smail Salhi, Zahia. "From the Faraway Orient to the Reclaimed Occident: French Civilisation, Religious Conversion and Cultural Assimilation." In Occidentalism, 37–70. Edinburgh University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9780748645800.003.0003.

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This chapter analyses the discourse created by colonial France to consolidate its rule in the newly conquered Maghreb. This discourse was supported by imperialist authors who worked towards a discursive reversal of history primarily aimed to strip the natives from their own history reminding them that before its Islamisation the Maghreb was part of the Christian world. This legitimises the mission of France to redeem this stolen land and salvage its people from their status as the uncivilised and fanatical believers of a heretic religion, while at the same time transforming the place from the Muslims’ Occident into the Occident’s Orient. Therefore, the mission to civilise overlapped with the mission to colonise and justified it. To achieve this goal, France deployed two main institutions; the Church and the School. Nevertheless, as demonstrated in this chapter, cultural assimilation proved to be extremely challenging because it implied renouncing one’s statutory rights, which was deemed an act of apostasy. Despite the efforts of the educated native elite to explain the Occident to the Orient and the Orient to the Occident, the latter’s intentions about civilising the former were not always forthright, contributing thus to the failure of the mission to ‘civilise’ the uncivilised.
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Smail Salhi, Zahia. "The Occident and the Barbary Corsairs: Pre-colonial Maghrebi Encounters with the Occident." In Occidentalism, 71–92. Edinburgh University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9780748645800.003.0004.

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This chapter argues that while French occupation of the Maghreb was motivated by economic gain, religion played a pivotal role in the Maghrebi encounter with the Occident. This is demonstrated by Chukri Khodja’s historical novel El-Euldj that addresses the theme of the Barbary corsairs, their control of the Mediterranean Sea, and their tyranny against Christian captives. As if written from the perspective of a European author, El-Euldj discusses the complexity as well as the impossibility of religious conversion and the intricacies of adopting French civilisation and culture. These two facts constitute the main themes addressed by the Francophone Maghrebi novels of the first half of the twentieth century, which mainly focussed on the early encounters with the Occident within the Maghreb itself. Voicing the concerns of the native elite, El-Euldj is almost a plea to the Occident to give up its policy of making conversion to Catholicism a condition for naturalisation demonstrating that it is perfectly possible to become French and remain Muslim, building thus the thesis of the ‘Français Musulman’, as the status of naturalised Maghrebis. Unlike the vernacular and classical Arabic poetry, which is unreservedly ‘Occidentophobic’, this novel presents an ambivalent position vis-à-vis the Occident.
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Smail Salhi, Zahia. "‘La France, c’est moi’:1 Love and Infatuation with the Occident." In Occidentalism, 93–124. Edinburgh University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9780748645800.003.0005.

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This chapter studies three representative novels that voice their authors’ fascination with the Occident and desire to see their people become part of the civilised world. Although these novels are guided by their authors’ unbending belief in France’s civilising mission, the social ills they depict invite the readers’ doubts of this view. Whether they were fully assimilated to the point of converting to Christianity (Chukri Khodja’s Mamoun: L’Ebauche d’un idéal), or partially assimilated by remaining Muslim while indulging in the vice of drinking alcohol and mixing with bad Europeans (Abdelkader Hadj Hamou’s Zohra la femme du mineur), the main characters in these novels have not been saved from their ‘barbarity’; one way or another, they all meet a tragic end. In contrast however, Mohammed Ould Cheikh’s Myriem dans les Palmes heralds a new era where through mixed marriages and the fusion of the French and Maghrebi races peace prevails at last, reflecting of course the author’s utopic dream as promoted by the French civilising mission. Furthermore, this chapter demonstrates that the discussed novels offer significant instances of self-exoticism and a faithful adoption of the Orientalist tropes providing thus much needed clichés to the authors’ targeted Occidental readers.
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Conference papers on the topic "Occidentalism"

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Rotenberg, Dorith. "Transcriptomics of theF. occidentalis-tospovirus interaction." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.93933.

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Auger-Rozenberg, Marie-Anne. "Western conifer seed bug,Leptoglossus occidentalis (Hemiptera: Coreidae)." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.92730.

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Zhang, Bin. "Demographic effect of arrhenotokous parthenogenesis and bisexual reproduction ofFrankliniella occidentalis." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.92683.

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Ziaei, Saeid, Iraj Nahvi, Mohsen Mobini-Dehkordi, and Manoochehr Tavassoli. "Bioinformatics analysis of schwanniomyces occidentalis alpha amylase secretion signal sequences." In 2010 17th Iranian Conference Of Biomedical Engineering (ICBME). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbme.2010.5705025.

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Herrick, Nathan J. "Plant-derived volatile essential oils and western flower thrips,Frankliniella occidentalis." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.95259.

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Avellaneda, Jhon A. "Spatial and temporal variation population in commercial flower crops ofFrankliniella occidentalis." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.114441.

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Levei, Levente, Oana Cadar, Eniko Kovacs, Iulia Torok, and Alexandru Ozunu. "Biomonitoring of atmospheric metal pollution using Northern white-cedar (Thuja occidentalis) leaves." In 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF PROCESSES IN ISOTOPES AND MOLECULES (PIM 2019). AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0000188.

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Wu, Qingjun. "The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor gene family of the western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis)." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.113087.

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SASNAUSKIENĖ, Jurgita, Nomeda SABIENĖ, Vitas MAROZAS, Laima ČESONIENĖ, and Kristina LINGYTĖ. "SOIL RESPIRATION IN STANDS OF DIFFERENT TREE SPECIES." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.106.

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Forest ecosystems of different tree species participate actively in climatic and biotic processes, such as photosynthesis, plant and soil respiration, therefore knowledge of soil respiration, especially of CO2 emissions to the atmosphere is of great importance. The aim of the study was to determine soil respiration rate of stands of deciduous (Betula pubescens Ehrh., Quercus robur L.) and coniferous (Larix eurolepis Henry, Thuja occidentalis L.) tree species as well as impact of abiotic (soil temperature, humidity, electrical conductivity, pH) and biotic (abundance of undergrowth, shrub, herbs) factors. Measurements of CO2 emissions, temperature, moisture and electrical conductivity were performed in-situ in the stands of different tree species with portable ADC BioScientific LCpro+ system and digital electrochemical device “Wet” (Delta-T). Soil samples were collected for the physicochemical analysis simultaneously. Chemical analysis of soil samples was done at the lab of the Environmental Research of the Aleksandras Stulginskis University by standard methods. Soil respiration was highest in the stand of Thuja occidentalis and lowest in the stand of Betula pubescens. Soil respiration intensity of the tree stands increased as follow: Thuja˂ Quercus˂ Larix˂ Betula. In the coniferous tree stands, the soil respiration was lower on average 27% comparing to deciduous tree stands. Soil respiration rate increased with increase of herbaceous vegetation cover and temperature. Soil respiration rate was mostly influenced by abundance of herbaceous vegetation (r = 0.91) of all biotic factors investigated, while soil temperature (r = 0.75) of abiotic factors. 60 years old stands of different tree species formed specific conditions what influenced different soil respiration rates.
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Alberdi, M., R. Tocco, and F. Pernaud. "Caracterizacion Geoquimica de la Columna Estratigrafica en las Cuencas Occidentales de Venezuela." In 5th Simposio Bolivariano - Exploracion Petrolera en las Cuencas Subandinas. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.116.048eng.

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Reports on the topic "Occidentalism"

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Lawson, Vincent, and Joseph M. Hannan. Arborvitae (Thuja occidentalis) Cultivar Observation. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-566.

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Barón-Rivera, Juan David. Geografía económica de los Andes Occidentales de Colombia. Bogotá, Colombia: Banco de la República, March 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/dtseru.123.

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Goralski, Elizabeth. Western Juniper (Juniperus occidentalis) Ecology with an Exercise in Remote Sensing Techniques. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/geogmaster.11.

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Sorenson, Frank C. Stratification requirements for germination of western larch (Larix occidentalis Nutt.) seed. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-rn-493.

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Bromley, Robert G., and Thomas C. Rothe. Conservation assessment for the dusky Canada goose (Branta canadensis occidentalis Baird). Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-gtr-591.

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Trimarchi, Laura I., Ra�l E. Gonz�lez-Ittig, and Sof�a d�Hiriart. Oligoryzomys occidentalis. En: SAyDS�SAREM (eds.) Categorizaci�n 2019 de los mam�feros de Argentina seg�n su riesgo de extinci�n. Ciudad Aut�noma de Buenos aires: Lista Roja de los mam�feros de Argentina, November 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31687/saremlr.19.328.

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Heinz, Kevin, Itamar Glazer, Moshe Coll, Amanda Chau, and Andrew Chow. Use of multiple biological control agents for control of western flower thrips. United States Department of Agriculture, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7613875.bard.

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The western flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), is a serious widespread pest of vegetable and ornamental crops worldwide. Chemical control for Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on floriculture or vegetable crops can be difficult because this pest has developed resistance to many insecticides and also tends to hide within flowers, buds, and apical meristems. Predatory bugs, predatory mites, and entomopathogenic nematodes are commercially available in both the US and Israel for control of WFT. Predatory bugs, such as Orius species, can suppress high WFT densities but have limited ability to attack thrips within confined plant parts. Predatory mites can reach more confined habitats than predatory bugs, but kill primarily first-instar larvae of thrips. Entomopathogenic nematodes can directly kill or sterilize most thrips stages, but have limited mobility and are vulnerable to desiccation in certain parts of the crop canopy. However, simultaneous use of two or more agents may provide both effective and cost efficient control of WFT through complimentary predation and/or parasitism. The general goal of our project was to evaluate whether suppression of WFT could be enhanced by inundative or inoculative releases of Orius predators with either predatory mites or entomopathogenic nematodes. Whether pest suppression is best when single or multiple biological control agents are used, is an issue of importance to the practice of biological control. For our investigations in Texas, we used Orius insidiosus(Say), the predatory mite, Amblyseius degeneransBerlese, and the predatory mite, Amblyseius swirskii(Athias-Henriot). In Israel, the research focused on Orius laevigatus (Fieber) and the entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema felpiae. Our specific objectives were to: (1) quantify the spatial distribution and population growth of WFT and WFT natural enemies on greenhouse roses (Texas) and peppers (Israel), (2) assess interspecific interactions among WFT natural enemies, (3) measure WFT population suppression resulting from single or multiple species releases. Revisions to our project after the first year were: (1) use of A. swirskiiin place of A. degeneransfor the majority of our predatory mite and Orius studies, (2) use of S. felpiaein place of Thripinema nicklewoodi for all of the nematode and Orius studies. We utilized laboratory experiments, greenhouse studies, field trials and mathematical modeling to achieve our objectives. In greenhouse trials, we found that concurrent releases of A.degeneranswith O. insidiosusdid not improve control of F. occidentalis on cut roses over releases of only O. insidiosus. Suppression of WFT by augmentative releases A. swirskiialone was superior to augmentative releases of O. insidiosusalone and similar to concurrent releases of both predator species on cut roses. In laboratory studies, we discovered that O. insidiosusis a generalist predator that ‘switches’ to the most abundant prey and will kill significant numbers of A. swirskiior A. degeneransif WFTbecome relatively less abundant. Our findings indicate that intraguild interactions between Orius and Amblyseius species could hinder suppression of thrips populations and combinations of these natural enemies may not enhance biological control on certain crops. Intraguild interactions between S. felpiaeand O. laevigatus were found to be more complex than those between O. insidiosusand predatory mites. In laboratory studies, we found that S. felpiaecould infect and kill either adult or immature O. laevigatus. Although adult O. laevigatus tended to avoid areas infested by S. felpiaein Petri dish arenas, they did not show preference between healthy WFT and WFT infected with S. felpiaein choice tests. In field cage trials, suppression of WFT on sweet-pepper was similar in treatments with only O. laevigatus or both O. laevigatus and S. felpiae. Distribution and numbers of O. laevigatus on pepper plants also did not differ between cages with or without S. felpiae. Low survivorship of S. felpiaeafter foliar applications to sweet-pepper may explain, in part, the absence of effects in the field trials. Finally, we were interested in how differential predation on different developmental stages of WFT (Orius feeding on WFT nymphs inhabiting foliage and flowers, nematodes that attack prepupae and pupae in the soil) affects community dynamics. To better understand these interactions, we constructed a model based on Lotka-Volterra predator-prey theory and our simulations showed that differential predation, where predators tend to concentrate on one WFT stage contribute to system stability and permanence while predators that tend to mix different WFT stages reduce system stability and permanence.
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Ullman, Diane E., Benjamin Raccah, John Sherwood, Meir Klein, Yehezkiel Antignus, and Abed Gera. Tomato Spotted Wilt Tosporvirus and its Thrips Vectors: Epidemiology, Insect/Virus Interactions and Control. United States Department of Agriculture, November 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1999.7573062.bard.

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Objectives. The major aim of the proposed research was to study thrips-TSWV relationships and their role in the epidemiology of the virus with the aim of using this knowledge to reduce crop losses occurring due to epidemics. Our specific objectives were: To determine the major factors involved in virus outbreaks, including: a) identifying the thrips species involved in virus dissemination and their relative role in virus spread; b) determining the virus sources among wild and cultivated plants throughout the season and their role in virus spread, and, c) determining how temperature and molecular variations in isolates impact virus replication in plants and insects and impact the transmission cycle. Background to the topic. Tospoviruses are among the most important emerging plant viruses that impact production of agricultural and ornamental crops. Evolution of tospoviruses and their relationships with thrips vector species have been of great interest because of crop damage caused world wide and the complete absence of suitable methods of control. Tospoviruses threaten crops in Israel and the United States. By understanding the factors contributing to epidemics and the specific relationships between thrips species and particular tospoviruses we hope that new strategies for control can be developed that will benefit agriculture in both Israel and the United States. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements. We determined that at least three tospoviruses were involved in epidemics in Israel and the United States, tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV) and iris yellow spot virus (IYSV). We detected and characterized INSV for the first time in Israel and, through our efforts, IYSV was detected and characterized for the first time in both countries. We demonstrated that many thrips species were present in commercial production areas and trap color influenced thrips catch. Frankliniella occidentalis was the major vector species of INSV and TSWV and populations varied in transmission efficiency. Thrips tabaci is the sole known vector of IYSV and experiments in both countries indicated that F. occidentalis is not a vector of this new tospovirus. Alternate plant hosts were identified for each virus. A new monitoring system combining sticky cards and petunia indicator plants was developed to identify sources of infective thrips. This system has been highly successful in the U.S. and was used to demonstrate to growers that removal of plant sources of infective thrips has a dramatic impact on virus incidence. Finally, a putative thrips receptor mediating acquisition of TSWV was discovered. Implications, scientific and agricultural. Our findings have contributed to new control measures that will benefit agriculture. Identification of a putative thrips receptor for TSWV and our findings relative to thrips/tospovirus specificity have implications for development of innovative new control strategies.
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Ullman, Diane, James Moyer, Benjamin Raccah, Abed Gera, Meir Klein, and Jacob Cohen. Tospoviruses Infecting Bulb Crops: Evolution, Diversity, Vector Specificity and Control. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7695847.bard.

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Objectives. The overall goal of the proposed research was to develop a mechanistic understanding of tospovirus evolution, diversity and vector specificity that could be applied to development of novel methods for limiting virus establishment and spread. Our specific objectives were: 1) To characterize newly intercepted tospoviruses in onion, Hippeastrum and other bulb crops and compare them with the known tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) and its isolates; 2) To characterize intra- and interspecific variation in the virus transmission by thrips of the new and distinct tospoviruses. and, 3) To determine the basis of vector specificity using biological, cellular and molecular approaches. Background. New tospoviruses infecting bulb crops were detected in Israel and the US in the mid-90s. Their plant host ranges and relationships with thrips vectors showed they differed from the type member of the Tospovirus genus, tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). Outbreaks of these new viruses caused serious crop losses in both countries, and in agricultural and ornamental crops elsewhere. In the realm of plant infecting viruses, the tospoviruses (genus: Tospovirus , family: Bunyaviridae ) are among the most aggressive emerging viruses. Tospoviruses are transmitted by several species of thrips in a persistent, propagative fashion and the relationships between the viruses and their thrips vectors are often specific. With the emergence of new tospoviruses, new thrips vector/tospovirus relationships have also arisen and vector specificities have changed. There is known specificity between thrips vector species and particular tospoviruses, although the cellular and molecular bases for this specificity have been elusive. Major conclusions, solutions and achievements. We demonstrated that a new tospovirus, iris yellow spot virus (IYSV) caused "straw bleaching" in onion (Allium cepa) and lisianthus necrosis in lisianthus (Eustoma russellianum). Characterization of virus isolates revealed genetic diversity among US, Brazilian, Dutch and Israeli isolates. IYSV was not seed transmitted, and in Israel, was not located in bulbs of infected plants. In the US, infected plants were generated from infected bulbs. The relationship between IYSV and Thrips tabaci was shown to be specific. Frankliniella occidentalis, the primary vector of many other tospoviruses, did not transmit IYSV isolates in Israel or the US. Furthermore, 1': tabaci populations varied in their transmission ability. Transmission was correlated to IYSV presence in thrips salivary glands. In Israel, surveys in onion fields revealed that the onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman was the predominant species and that its incidence was strongly related to that of IYSV infection. In contrast, in the U.S., T. tabaci and F. occidentalis were present in high numbers during the times sampled. In Israel, insecticides reduced onion thrips population and caused a significant yield increase. In the US, a genetic marker system that differentiates non-thrips transmissible isolates from thrips transmissible isolate demonstrated the importance of the M RNA to thrips transmission of tospoviruses. In addition, a symbiotic Erwinia was discovered in thrips and was shown to cause significant artifacts in certain types of virus binding experiments. Implications, scientific and agricultural. Rapid emergence of distinct tospoviruses and new vector relationships is profoundly important to global agriculture. We advanced the understanding of IYSV in bulb crops and its relationships with thrips vector species. The knowledge gained provided growers with new strategies for control and new tools for studying the importance of particular viral proteins in thrips specificity and transmission efficiency.
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Barg, Rivka, Kendal D. Hirschi, Avner Silber, Gozal Ben-Hayyim, Yechiam Salts, and Marla Binzel. Combining Elevated Levels of Membrane Fatty Acid Desaturation and Vacuolar H+ -pyrophosphatase Activity for Improved Drought Tolerance. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7613877.bard.

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Background to the topic: In previous works we have shown that Arabidopsis and tomato over-expressing H+-pyrophosphatase show increased tolerance to drought imposed by withholding irrigation of young plants in pots (Park et al. 2005). In addition, young tobacco plants over-expressing fatty acid desaturase 3 (OEX-FAD3) also showed increasing tolerance to drought stress (Zhang et al 2005), and similarly OEX-FAD3 young tomato plants (unpublished data from ARO), hence raising the possibility that pyramiding the two could further improve drought tolerance in tomato. Based on these findings the specific objects originally set were: 1. To analyze the impact of pyramiding transgenes for enhanced fatty acid desaturation and for elevated H+-PPase activity on tomato yielding under water deficit stress conditions. 2. To elucidate the biochemical relationship between elevated desaturation of the membrane lipids and the activities of selected vacuolar transporters in the context of drought responses. 3. To explore the S. pennellii introgression lines as alternative genetic sources for drought tolerance related to enhanced fatty acid desaturation and/or H+-PPase activity. 4. Since OEX-FAD3 increases the levels of linolenic acid which is the precursor of various oxylipins including the stress hormone Jasmonate. (JA), study of the effect of this transgene on tolerance to herbivore pests was added as additional goal. The Major conclusions, solutions, and achievements are: (1) The facts that ectopic over-expression of vacuolarH+-PPases (in line OEX-AVP1) does not change the fatty acid profile compared to the parental MoneyMaker (MM) line and that elevated level of FA desaturation (by OEX-FAD3) does not change the activity of either H+-PPase, H+-ATPaseor Ca2+ /H+ antiport, indicate that the observed increased drought tolerance reported before for increase FA desaturation in tobacco plants and increased H+PPase in tomato plants involves different mechanisms. (2) After generating hybrid lines bringing to a common genetic background (i.e. F1 hybrids between line MP-1 and MM) each of the two transgenes separately and the two transgenes together the effect of various drought stress regimes including recovery from a short and longer duration of complete water withhold as well as performance under chronic stresses imposed by reducing water supply to 75-25% of the control irrigation regime could be studied. Under all the tested conditions in Israel, for well established plants grown in 3L pots or larger, none of the transgenic lines exhibited a reproducible significantly better drought tolerance compare to the parental lines. Still, examining the performance of these hybrids under the growth practices followed in the USA is called for. (3) Young seedlings of none of the identified introgression lines including the S. pennellii homologs of two of the H+-PPase genes and one of the FAD7 genes performed better than line M82 upon irrigation withhold. However, differences in the general canopy structures between the IL lines and M82 might mask such differences if existing. (4). Over-expression of FAD3 in the background of line MP-1 was found to confer significant tolerance to three important pest insects in tomato: Bordered Straw (Heliothis peltigera), Egyptian cotton leafworm (Spodoptera littoralis) and Western Flower Thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis). Implications: Although the original hypothesis that pyramiding these two trasgenes could improve drought tolerance was not supported, the unexpected positive impact on herbivore deterring, as well as the changes in dynamics of JA biosynthesis in response to wounding and the profound changes in expression of wound response genes calls for deciphering the exact linolenic acid derived signaling molecule mediating this response. This will further facilitate breeding for herbivore pest and mechanical stress tolerance based on this pathway.
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