Relevant bibliographies by topics / Occasional care

Academic literature on the topic 'Occasional care'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 19 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Occasional care"

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Hast, AS, M. Naser-Knapik, and CJ Fasnacht-Allison. "Orienting occasional staff to critical care." Critical Care Nurse 9, no. 5 (June 1, 1989): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ccn1989.9.5.86.

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Ascari, A., S. Ferrari, M. Andreoli, M. Peggi, and M. Rigatelli. "Frequent attenders at a primary care clinic: Occasional or regular abusers?" European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 1699. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73403-4.

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BackgroundFrequent attendance in general practice is known for being associated with certain socio-demographical characteristics (female sex and middle-old age) and with important medical-psychiatric morbidity. Moreover, it has a high impact on workload of GPs. However, we have poor literature about long-term studies on Frequent Attenders (FAs) and persistent FAs.ObjectivesTo re-evaluate a group of patients of FAs after nine years since first assessment; to determine the existence of others FAs and possible differences between persistent and occasional FAs.MethodsConsultation of computerized data on 168 patients between 2001 and 2009; interwiew to the GP and the assistant.SettingA primary health care center in Fiorano Modenese (Modena, Northern Italy).Patients56 persistent FAs, 56 occasional FAs, 56 non FAs.Main outcome results: Twenty-eight of 40 patients (70%) evaluated in 2001 were found to be persistent FAs, most frequently older women. Medical morbidity was frequent among persistent FAs, and intermediate among occasional FAs, while psychiatric morbidity does not show important differences between the two groups; however, depression was present in 46% of persistent FAs and in 41% of occasional FAs, while somatization only in occasional FAs (10%), and not among persistent FAs. Persistent FAs received more prescriptions for all types of drugs, while among the occasional FAs the requests for a psychiatric treatment were higher.ConclusionsThe phenomenon of frequent attendance has a large amount and claims for further studies. Psychiatric morbidity between persistent and occasional FAs might have different expressions, requiring different clinical approaches to be specifically tailored.
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Teculescu, Dan, Bernard Hannhart, Catherine Aubry, Bettina Montaut-Verient, Jean-Marc Virion, Jean-Pierre Michaely, and René Gueguen. "Who Are the “Occasional” Snorers?" Chest 122, no. 2 (August 2002): 562–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.122.2.562.

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Reho, Tiia T. M., Salla A. Atkins, Nina Talola, Markku P. T. Sumanen, Mervi Viljamaa, and Jukka Uitti. "Occasional and persistent frequent attenders and sickness absences in occupational health primary care: a longitudinal study in Finland." BMJ Open 9, no. 2 (February 2019): e024980. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024980.

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ObjectivesFrequent attenders (FAs) create a substantial portion of primary care workload but little is known about FAs’ sickness absences. The aim of the study is to investigate how occasional and persistent frequent attendance is associated with sickness absences among the working population in occupational health (OH) primary care.Setting and participantsThis is a longitudinal study using medical record data (2014–2016) from an OH care provider in Finland. In total, 59 676 patients were included and categorised into occasional and persistent FAs or non-FAs. Sick-leave episodes and their lengths were collected along with associated diagnostic codes. Logistic regression was used to analyse associations between FA status and sick leaves of different lengths (1–3, 4–14 and ≥15 days).ResultsBoth occasional and persistent FA had more and longer duration of sick leave than non-FA through the study years. Persistent FAs had consistently high absence rates. Occasional FAs had elevated absence rates even 2 years after their frequent attendance period. Persistent FAs (OR=11 95% CI 7.54 to 16.06 in 2016) and occasional FAs (OR=2.95 95% CI 2.50 to 3.49 in 2016) were associated with long (≥15 days) sickness absence when compared with non-FAs. Both groups of FAs had an increased risk of long-term sick leaves indicating a risk of disability pension.ConclusionBoth occasional and persistent FAs should be identified in primary care units caring for working-age patients. As frequent attendance is associated with long sickness absences and possibly disability pensions, rehabilitation should be directed at this group to prevent work disability.
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Lamers, William M. "Book Review: Palliative Care in the Hospital Setting. Occasional Paper #10." Journal of Palliative Care 14, no. 1 (March 1998): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/082585979801400116.

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Gillam, Steve. "Evidence into action: changing practice in primary care. Occasional Paper 84." Family Practice 20, no. 3 (June 2003): 353–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.fampra.a001511.

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Batt, Murray D., Charles E. Edmiston, and John Heggers. "Occasional Surveys: Varicella Immunization for Healthcare Workers in Acute-Care Facilities." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 17, no. 4 (April 1996): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s019594170000391x.

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Lee, Y. "PREVALENCE AND PROFILE OF GRANDPARENTS PROVIDING OCCASIONAL GRANDCHILD CARE IN THE U.S." Innovation in Aging 1, suppl_1 (June 30, 2017): 376–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igx004.1368.

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Merenstein, Gerald, and Sandra Gardner. "Handbook of Neonatal Intensive Care (6th Edition)." Neonatal Network 26, no. 2 (March 2007): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0730-0832.26.2.136.

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Handbook of Neonatal Intensive Care (6th Edition) is a comprehensive, well-written clinical reference book that remains a cornerstone reference for the neonatal nurse. The sixth edition continues to provide an inclusive reference for the neonatal intensive multidisciplinary care team, from staff nurses to house staff and entry-level neonatal nurse practitioners. There are a few distractions in this professional and quality reference book, including some figures that are dated, if not antiquated, and the occasional noteworthy spelling error.
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Li, Yan, Kefeng Zhou, Jinghong Dai, Haijian Fan, Le Cheng, Xuebin Zhang, and Hourong Cai. "Isolated Peripheral Pulmonary Artery Hypoplasia in Adulthood Presented with Occasional Hemoptysis." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 196, no. 9 (November 2017): e52-e53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201704-0726im.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Occasional care"

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Lim, Ye-bon, and 林綺文. "A study on the utilization of occasional child care service in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3197742X.

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Lim, Ye-bon. "A study on the utilization of occasional child care service in Hong Kong." [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1993. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13745050.

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Herkevall, Jonas. "Bättre administration för en effektivare hemtjänst : En undersökning av den administrativa sidan av nyckelfri hemtjänst." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-161250.

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Vi ser idag en alltmer åldrande befolkning. Detta ställer allt större krav på äldreomsorgen och inte minst hemtjänsten när en målsättning är att fler ska kunna bo kvar hemma längre. Statistiska rapporter tyder på en kraftig brist på arbetskraft inom just äldrevården, och allt mer hopp och förtroende ställs till tekniska och digitala lösningar för att effektivisera verksamheterna. På uppdrag av Phoniro, en av Sveriges största leverantörer av välfärdsteknologiska lösningar till äldreomsorgen, har det här arbetet syftat till att undersöka hur det administrativa arbetet med digital nyckelhantering kan förbättras och effektiviseras med ett uppdaterat gränssnitt. Genom en enkätundersökning och semistrukturerade intervjuer har en större förståelse för användarnas arbete i och kring administrationssystemet Phoniro Care genererats. Insikterna har sammanställts i användarberättelser för att vägleda framtida designarbete med Phoniro Care. Resultaten visar på behovet av en design som stödjer flera olika användartyper, och som ger bättre verktyg för översikt och hantering av information i systemet. Vidare så väcker berättelser om de olika organisationernas struktur och anpassning till digital nyckelhantering frågor om vilken kompetens som finns i verksamheterna när det gäller att förstå effekten av nya digitala lösningars implementation. Det väcker i sin tur frågor om hur företag som Phoniro kommer att behöva anpassa sig i takt med att den kompetensen växer i verksamheterna.
What we are witnessing today is an increasingly older population. This change in demographics will drastically change the demands of elder care and especially home care services to ensure that more people will be able to stay at home for larger parts of their lives. In addition, statistical projections suggest a critical lack of manpower in home care services in the coming decade, and an increasing amount of faith is put into technical and digital solutions to streamline the organizations. On behalf of Phoniro, one of the largest distributors of welfare technologies for elder care in Sweden, this thesis has investigated how the administrative work attending to digital key management can be improved and streamlined with an updated interface. Through use of an online survey and semi structured interviews a more comprehensive understanding of the users working with the administrative system Phoniro Care have been acquired. The findings have been modelled in user stories meant to guide future design work in the development of Phoniro Care. The results indicate the need for a design that supports multiple user types and better tools for overviewing the information available in the system. Furthermore, the differences in organizational structure between different organizations implementing digital key management raises questions regarding digitization competences in public sector organizations and understanding the effect of implementing new digital tools. In turn, that raises questions regarding a possible future need for adaptation for companies like Phoniro in handling an increasing digital competence in the organizations that constitutes their clients.
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Adams, Elizabeth E. "Effects of communication apprehension, biological gender, and gender stereotypes on non-occasion greeting card sending /." View online, 1991. http://repository.eiu.edu/theses/docs/32211998878740.pdf.

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Badihi, Inbal. "The effects of complexity, choice and control on the behaviour and the welfare of captive common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/120.

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There are numerous guidelines recommending that captive primates live in complex environments in which they have the opportunity to make choices and the ability to control aspects of the environment, despite the lack of quantitative evidence to suggest these qualities improve welfare. Complexity, choice and control (the ‘Three Cs’) are inter-related and therefore it is complicated to separate their effects. The main aim of this thesis was to examine how the ‘Three Cs’ affect welfare, using the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) as a model. Behavioural measures and preference tests were used to determine the impact and significance of the ‘Three Cs’ on welfare. Experimental manipulations were natural (i.e. access to outside runs), or unnatural (e.g. pressing a button to control additional illumination). In a series of different studies, marmosets were moved to larger and more complex enclosures, were allowed to choose between indoor cages and outdoor complex enclosures and were able to control additional white light or coloured lights in their home enclosures. The results of these studies show that appropriate levels of each of the ‘Three Cs’ had a positive influence on the welfare of the marmosets, especially on youngsters. Although having control over light, and increased illumination itself improved welfare, providing a choice of access to outside runs (which were more complex and allowed the marmosets greater control over their activities) resulted in the greatest welfare improvement for marmosets of all ages. Loss of access, or control, did not appear to have a negative impact. The marmosets were housed in pairs or in family groups, in the different studies. A cross-study comparison shows that the composition of the groups affected the behavioural response of adult marmosets to environmental enrichment. Unexpectedly, it was also found that, when housed in standard laboratory conditions, adult marmosets were more relaxed when housed in pairs than when housed with their offspring. A secondary aim of the thesis was to quantify welfare indicators and activity budgets of common marmosets in a range of different social and physical contexts, and to compare this with the behaviour of wild marmosets, to increase our understanding of what is “normal” in captive situations. It is concluded that it is critical to sub-divide locomotion and inactivity into different levels to interpret these measures accurately. Levels of calm locomotion increased in enriched environments, while levels of relaxed inactivity and scent marking decreased. A number of recommendations for the care and housing of marmosets are made.
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Agostini, Corinne. "Concevoir des cadres pour agir et faire agir : l'activité de prescription dans une entreprise horticole." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CNAM0925/document.

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Cette recherche porte sur l’activité de prescription de l’encadrement de proximité d’une entreprise horticole appartenant à un groupement de producteurs national. Celle-ci compte une vingtaine de permanents à l’année et accueillant autant de saisonniers durant la pleine saison. Dans cette structure où le travail est peu formalisé et l’organisation de la production pas toujours planifiée en amont, et dans un environnement où tout bouge tout le temps (élément naturel, produits vivants, variabilité industrielle), il est impossible, voire contre-productif de vouloir tout pré-écrire. Dans ce contexte, nous considérons que l’encadrant est un concepteur qui développe son activité en s’appuyant sur des cadres pour l’action préexistants dans la situation de travail et composés en partie de cadres primaires (naturels et sociaux) qu’il interprète, grâce à des ressources qu’il s’est construit sur son expérience, et en interagissant avec ses collègues. Pour organiser le travail à faire et à faire faire, et pour agir de manière efficace, l’encadrement va concevoir de l’organisation et de la prescription, dans et par l’action, en se confrontant en permanence à la réalité de la situation. Prescrire revient alors à concevoir des cadres d’action (cadres pour agir et cadres pour faire agir) en conduisant en simultané des microprojets quotidiens et des microprojets occasionnels ainsi que de séquences de conception, aux empans temporels différenciés. Lors du processus de conception de la prescription, l’encadrement transforme donc les cadres primaires en cadres secondaires, aboutissant ainsi à une succession de cadres transformés dont certains peuvent se cristalliser sous la forme d’artefacts (matérialisés ou oraux). Nous montrons que pour ce faire, l’encadrant procède à des actions de cadrage (microprojet quotidiens), de recadrage (microprojets occasionnels) et de co-cadrage (microprojets occasionnels et séquences de conception).Vue sous cet angle, l’activité de prescription aboutit à une stratification de cadres d’action. Et elle requiert non seulement une activité de conception complexe, mais aussi et surtout, une réelle créativité de l’agir de la part de l’encadrement
This research focuses on the prescription activity for the supervision of a horticultural company. This company is owned by a group of national producers, with around twenty permanent staff and around the same number of temporary staff during the peak season. In this organisation in which the work is not formalised, the organisation of the production is not always planned ahead and where everything is in flux (natural element, living products, industrial variability), it is impossible, even against counter- productive to try to pre-write everything.In this context, we consider that the supervisor is a designer who develops his activity based on the existing frameworks for action in the work situation. These frameworks are made up of pre-existing primary frameworks (natural and social) that he interprets using the resources that he has built up based on his experience and by interacting with colleagues. To organise the work to do and to be done, and to act efficiently, the supervisor will design the organisation and the prescription (during the action and by the action) by constantly facing the reality of the situation. Prescribing then comes down to designing activity frameworks (frameworks for behaving and frameworks to drive behaviours) by simultaneously driving daily and occasional micro-projects as well as design sequences with differentiated temporal spans. During the design process of the prescription, the supervision therefore transforms primary frameworks in secondary frameworks, resulting in a succession of transformed frameworks some of which may crystallise in the form of artifacts (materialised or oral). We show that for this to happen, the supervisor conducts framing actions (daily microprojects) and re-framing actions (occasional microprojects) and of co-framing (occasional microprojects and design sequences). From this perspective, the prescription activity leads to a stratification of policy frameworks. And it requires not only complex design activities, but also and above all, real creativity of action on the part of the supervisor
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(13714027), Karen Zielke. "Professional practicum: Conceptions of an effective early childhood environment." Thesis, 2022. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Professional_practicum_Conceptions_of_an_effective_early_childhood_environment/20955964.

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Within the last decade, there have been significant changes to the field of early childhood care and education, both in the perceived role of early childhood programs and in the types of services that are available to young children and their families. For many service users and providers, the ideal or most effective environment for young children may vary considerably.

This study was conducted in order to attempt to reach a clearer understanding of the phenomenon of an effective early childhood environment. More specifically, this study centres around gathering service users' conceptions of what constitutes an effective early childhood environment for young children.

A phenomenographic approach was utilised, with several service users being interviewed during this study, in order to identify and characterise the different ways in which they conceptualise the phenomenon of an effective early childhood environment. This work provided a valuable learning experience in the use of phenomenoeraphic methodology.

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VODOVÁ, Michaela. "Sekundární prevence drogových závislostí." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-80699.

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The main aim of this graduation thesis is to define the term of secondary prevention of drug addiction, which is sometime apprehended in different ways in The Czech Republic. I try to include this new definition to our drug policy and classify target groups and bring new methods to the secondary prevention of drug addiction. The thesis is focused on the terms drug, dependence syndrome and prevention and I use various definitions and opinions. I describe and briefly evaluate the system of drug policy and the place of secondary prevention. The occasional users and their families and friends are defined as a target group. The motivational interviewing is the main method in the secondary prevention. The thesis is structured into six parts and in the last part there are some practical examples from two low-thershold facilities for children and youth.
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Books on the topic "Occasional care"

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Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.). Ministry Unit on Theology and Worship. and Cumberland Presbyterian Church, eds. Services for occasions of pastoral care: The worship of God. Louisville, Ky: Westminster/John Knox Press, 1990.

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Kidwell, Geraldine. Cakes for all occasions. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Pub. Ltd., 2008.

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Nicol, Ann. Fun cakes for special occasions. London: New Holland, 1992.

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Hoye, Brenda G. Cupcake cakes for all occasions. Benton Harbor, MI: B. Hoye, 2003.

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Scrumptious cupcakes for all occasions. Oxford: JB, 2013.

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Arkel, Francis van. Cake pops: Delightful cakes for every occasion. Chatswood, N.S.W: New Holland Publishers, 2012.

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Glynn, Smith Georgia, ed. Cake chic: Stylish cookies and cakes for all occasions. London: Quadrille, 2009.

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Quick and easy novelty cakes: 35 imaginative cakes for all occasiona. London: GTed Smart, 1997.

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Cairns, Fiona. Bake & decorate: Charming cakes, cupcakes & cookies for every occasion. Emmaus, Pa: Rodale, 2010.

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Nilsen, Angela. Complete cake decorating: Techniques, basic recipes andbeautiful cake projects for all occasions. London: Lorenz Books, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Occasional care"

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Wallerstedt, Cecilia. "Managing the Tension Between the Known and the Unknown in Knowledge-Building: The Example of the Play-Responsive Early Childhood Education and Care (PRECEC) Project." In Methodology for Research with Early Childhood Education and Care Professionals, 45–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14583-4_4.

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AbstractThis project was aimed at taking on the challenge of developing a didaktik for preschool, through empirical and theoretical work. The design was built on teachers’ own video observations of play activities in preschool, where they themselves were participants. Teachers, their principals, and researchers met regularly at the university to collaboratively discuss the video recordings. On these occasions the researchers also provided further education on theoretical concepts useful for analysing play activities in preschool, such as metacommunication and intersubjectivity. The outcome was the theorisation of Play-Responsive Early Childhood Education and Care (PRECEC), consisting of a coherent conceptualisation of teaching, as a responsive activity, and play, as something participants signal to each other through shifts between communicating and acting as is and as if. A challenge we discuss in this chapter is how to deal with the ‘unknown’ in a practice-based research project, i.e. not only reproducing knowledge (further education) but also, critically and at the same time, developing new knowledge (research).
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Richard Wong, Yue Chim. "On Public Health Care Finances." In Diversity and Occasional Anarchy, 167–74. Hong Kong University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5790/hongkong/9789888139446.003.0017.

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Schaffer, Talia. "Austen, Dickens, and Brontë." In Communities of Care, 60–87. Princeton University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691199634.003.0003.

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This chapter addresses why the analysis on care is grounded in the British nineteenth-century particularly and why it is focused on fictional rather than actual social formations. It explores what can the nineteenth-century novels of Jane Austen, Charles Dickens, and Emily Brontë reveal and what might this particular cultural construct confirm about how care works in communal settings and about the history of care relations. The chapter describes home care in the British nineteenth-century, which was not just an occasional incident but a fundamental mode of social life. Care was a habitus, to use Pierre Bourdieu's term, a practice so ordinary that people took it for granted without needing to spell out its tenets.
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Singh, Gurbinder, and Natalia S. Ivascu. "Postoperative Ventricular Fibrillation." In Cardiothoracic Critical Care, 143–52. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190082482.003.0014.

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This chapter assesses ventricular arrhythmias. The most common ventricular arrhythmias are premature ventricular complexes (PVCs). Occasional PVCs are rarely harmful and may be related to tissue reperfusion or electrolyte abnormalities. Other types of ventricular arrhythmias are non-sustained ventricular tachycardia and ventricular tachyarrhythmias, which include ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation. Ventricular tachycardia is defined as a rate >100 bpm with 3 or more ventricular complexes in a row, which is sustained. Meanwhile, ventricular fibrillation is a form of complex ventricular arrhythmias and usually indicates a left ventricular problem. The possible causes of ventricular arrhythmias in the perioperative period include ischemia; electrolyte abnormalities such as hypokalemia, hyperkalemia, hypomagnesemia, and hypocalcemia; pulmonary artery catheters; hypothermia and metabolic acidosis; antiarrhythmic medications; adrenergic medications and inotropes; and pacing wires. The treatment of ventricular arrhythmias includes cardioversion and defibrillation; identification and treatment of ischemia, including coronary artery bypass grafting, valvular surgery, and aortic root surgery; and the administration of lidocaine and amiodarone.
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Cernigliaro, Joseph G., and David J. DiSantis. "Abdominal Radiography." In Mayo Clinic Critical and Neurocritical Care Board Review, edited by Eelco F. M. Wijdicks, James Y. Findlay, William D. Freeman, and Ayan Sen, 797–804. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190862923.003.0110.

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Hospitalized patients in a critical care environment are at risk for adverse intra-abdominal events involving bowel, solid organs, and vasculature. For assessment of hospitalized patients with abdominal pain, a thorough history and physical examination should precede indicated laboratory testing and imaging studies. One expedient means of evaluation is abdominal radiography. In very ill patients, it can be performed at the bedside. Because of its ready availability and occasional definitive diagnostic information, however, abdominal radiography often is the first imaging study performed. Ideally, a supine frontal image is supplemented with an upright or left lateral decubitus (left-side down) frontal view.
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Le Fanu, Sheridan. "Arrested." In In a Glass Darkly. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199537983.003.0033.

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Judge Harbottle went this night to the play at Drury Lane.* He was one of those old fellows who care nothing for late hours, and occasional knocking about in pursuit of piesaure. He had appointed with two cronies of Lincoln’s Inn*...
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Manning, Jane. "CHARLES SHADLE (b. 1960)The Hills of Dawn (2012)." In Vocal Repertoire for the Twenty-First Century, Volume 2, 206–9. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199390960.003.0064.

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This chapter focuses on American composer Charles Shadle’s The Hills of Dawn (2012). This beautifully-written short cycle ought to be snapped up eagerly by young artists in particular. It is a perfect length for a recital. The range is tailored to accommodate a light voice, and occasional deep notes do not require powerful projection. Shadle successfully blends elements of English and American post-Romantic music, with an occasional nudge towards Hindemithian neoclassicism, to forge a thoroughly fresh and engaging personal style. The music flows spontaneously and motivic connections between the songs create a feeling of unity, with the piano’s introductions and postludes helping to establish mood and character. Three short middle movements are framed by more substantial opening and closing songs. Standard notation is employed, without key signatures. In an introductory note, the composer reveals a deep, personal affinity with the texts, which he sets with care and sensitivity. The five chosen poems by Native American poet Alexander Lawrence Posey are assembled ‘to suggest the passage from dawn to dusk on a mid-summer’s day’.
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Ogunyombo, Oludare Ebenezer, and Semiu Bello. "Exploring the Use of Indigenous Languages in Antenatal Care Sessions Among Mothers in Lagos State." In Emerging Trends in Indigenous Language Media, Communication, Gender, and Health, 19–44. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2091-8.ch002.

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This chapter examines the use of indigenous languages during antenatal care (ANC) sessions among mothers in Lagos state. Authors investigate factors that influence the use of indigenous languages, the most preferred mode of presentation, and how the languages affect reception, participation, and knowledge of mothers on safe motherhood practices. Using in-depth interviews with nurses and observations during the ANC sessions, the study found that indigenous languages engender participation and are effective in building self-esteem, trust, and confidence of mothers. Songs in the indigenous language, particularly Yoruba language, help mothers retain and recall safe motherhood messages easily. Mothers generally demonstrate their understanding during the question and answer sessions, while also serving as agents of information reinforcement among themselves using indigenous languages. In view of the occasional need for interpreters, the study recommends that health workers should be encouraged to take courses in indigenous languages within their region as a second language.
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Mesraoua, Boulenouar, Musab Abdalhalim Ali, Rola Hosni Mohamed Hashem Khodair, Yazan Nofal, Dirk Theophiel O. Deleu, Hassan Jasim Al Hail, Osama Robin Elalamy, Gayane Melikyan, Covanis Athanasios, and Ali Akbar Asadi-Pooya. "Periodic EEG Patterns in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU): Definition, Recognition and Clinical Significance." In Electroencephalography - From Basic Research to Clinical Applications. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95503.

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Periodic electroencephalographic (EEG) patterns are frequently recorded during ICU EEG monitoring in patients with altered mental status; these EEG features represent electrical discharges, ictal in appearance, occuring at regular intervals. They are known as lateralized periodic discharges (LPDs), bilateral independent periodic discharges (BIPDS), generalized periodic discharges (GPDs), continuous 2/s GPDs with triphasic morphology or triphasic waves (TWs) and Stimulus Induced Evolving Lateralized Rhytmic delta activity or Si-Evolving LRDA (previously SIRPIDS); other periodic, rhythmic patterns are Occasional frontally predominant brief 2/s GRDA (FIRDA previously), Lateralized rhythmic delta activity (LRDA) and Brief potentially ictal rhythmic discharges or B (I)RDs. The role of most (not all) of these EEG patterns is controversial; there is no consensus on which patterns are associated with ongoing seizure injury, which patterns need to be treated, and how aggressively they should be treated. Many authors consider these patterns as an unstable state on an ictal-interictal EEG continuum; the aim of the present chapter is to gain knowledge of these EEG features, show their association with known neurologic pathologies/syndromes and finally how to manage them.
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Manning, Jane. "ANTHONY GILBERT (b. 1934)Peace Notes (2011)." In Vocal Repertoire for the Twenty-First Century, Volume 2, 89–92. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199390960.003.0029.

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This chapter explores Anthony Gilbert’s Peace Notes (2011), a highly original and fascinating seven-movement cycle. The evocative poems by Sarah Day, full of colourful imagery and alliterative syllables, are ideally suited to detailed treatment, and Gilbert crafts the vocal lines with consummate care, incorporating some characterful ornamentation. Brief, exposed fragments contrast with longer, arching spans, and the writing becomes a little more demanding as the piece progresses. Preparatory work is essential; some rhythms, carefully honed to fit the words, could seem elusive at first, but a dedicated singer should enjoy mastering their subtleties. Extremes of tessitura are largely avoided, but Songs 3–6 (‘Iris’, ‘Margin’, ‘Piano’, and ‘Enrapt’) have some sustained passages that occasionally leave the singer suspended on a high pitch—something that heavier voices may find difficult. The piano writing is relatively unchallenging: lean, uncluttered, and lucid, apart from occasional trills. It supports and enriches the voice part but never drowns it, leaving the singer free to place and manipulate phrases without feeling harried. Dynamics are typically refined and meaningful, affecting vocal and pianistic timbres.
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Conference papers on the topic "Occasional care"

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Morita, Kohei, and Fumitake Fujii. "Modeling Bimorph Piezoelectric Actuator Exhibiting Frequency-Dependent Interleaved Hysteresis with Occasional Odd Harmonic Oscillation." In 2019 IEEE 15th International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/coase.2019.8843041.

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Taran, J. P. "CARS from Lift-Off to Re-Entry." In Laser Applications to Chemical Analysis. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/laca.1990.mb1.

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Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) has been particularly useful for making temperature measurements in flames. A majority of the CARS instruments is used in studies of small-scale burners, piston engines, and even furnaces and boilers of industrial size. Occasional investigations of species concentrations and rotational and vibrational temperatures in rarefied gases have also been conducted. In the area of aerospace research, one must tackle very delicate problems in all of these fields. For instance, it is particularly difficult to investigate cryogenic rocket motor combustion, hypersonic flight aerothermochemistry, or the elaboration of refractory materials by Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD).
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Sacks, Elisha, Leo Joskowicz, Ralf Schultheiss, and Uwe Hinze. "Redesign of a Spatial Gear Pair Using Configuration Spaces." In ASME 2002 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2002/dac-34112.

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This paper presents an industrial case study in which a spatial higher pair is redesigned using our configuration space method of kinematic analysis. The task is to remove occasional blocking in an asynchronous reverse gear pair from a car transmission. A systematic kinematic analysis is required because the blocking configurations are unknown and because very few initial configurations cause blocking. We use our configuration space method of kinematic analysis to solve the problem. We determine why the gears block by constructing a series of two-dimensional configuration spaces that model the engagement kinematics. Blocking occurs when two consecutive pairs of teeth make contact during engagement. The gear angles at the contact determine whether or not the gears will block. Our analysis determines that blocking occurs in 4% of the angle space. Fine tuning the gear parameters reduces the range to 0.5%, but cannot eliminate the blocking. Removing every second gear tooth eliminates the blocking. The analysis results are consistent with the experimental data. The case study demonstrates that the configuration space method helps solve industrial problems that are outside the scope of prior work.
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Eisenmann, Jesse, Joshua Horsley, and Diane L. Peters. "Small-Scale Physical Modeling and Testing of a Vehicle Trailer With Onboard Power Supply." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-59256.

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In typical towing situations, all of the power needed to move the towing vehicle and the towed vehicle (trailer) is supplied by the towing vehicle. This dictates that a person who wishes to tow a trailer must have a vehicle capable of providing enough power to move both the vehicle and the trailer; if they only occasionally tow a trailer, then they either need to rent an appropriately sized vehicle or buy a larger vehicle than is dictated by their everyday needs, which has both financial and environmental consequences. However, if the trailer can provide sufficient power itself to move, then the demands on the towing vehicle are reduced. Such a trailer would be guided by the towing vehicle, but the vehicle would provide very little power to the trailer, and therefore a small car could be used for the towing task, removing the requirement to buy or rent a larger vehicle for occasional towing. This concept has been previously explored theoretically, and was found to be feasible based on dynamic models of the trailer, with the trailer powered by a DC motor; in this paper, it is investigated experimentally, on a small scale. The experiment was conducted on a 1:18 scale remote controlled (RC) car and similarly scaled powered trailer that was constructed for it. The project included the design of an appropriate trailer, integration of a load cell into the trailer hitch, and the design of an appropriate controller. The controller was implemented using National Instruments’ LabVIEW software, running on the NI myRIO controller. The LabVIEW program also saved data from the force sensor and two accelerometers, as well as the controller output to the system, for later analysis. The car was driven around with the assistance of the trailer while data was collected by the affixed sensors. The tests were conducted with different drivers, with the car driven on varying paths that included both straight driving and turns, all on a standard hard indoor floor surface. The goal of this project was to prove out the concept on a small scale, after its feasibility had been shown through modeling and theoretical calculations. The results showed that the concept is feasible and will work in practice on this small scale, although some challenges were seen. Some of these challenges were caused by the limitations of the test setup, such as limited battery capacity and limited space to mount sensors. The success of this test setup, despite these limitations, suggests that a larger-scale model should be constructed and tested, and that in practice the concept will be feasible.
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Augustin, Jephte, David Wootton, Peter Lelkes, and Jack Zhou. "Predicting and Controlling Solute Release From a Bioactive Degradable Interference Screw for ACL Reconstruction." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53344.

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The progressive replacement of metallic implants by polymeric implants, although advantageous in many ways, is posing new medical challenges. In the case of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, polymeric interference screws take a really long time to fully degrade, occasionally up to 3 years. Furthermore, they leave voids at the site of insertion after they degrade between the ligament and the surrounding bone tissue [2].
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Rojas, Hector, and Andrey Gutkovsky. "Dealing With Heavy Loads in Large Diameter Piping." In ASME 2012 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2012-78152.

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It is common in a refinery that some piping systems have to handle several flow conditions. However, when a new proposed condition implies the filling of an existing 68″ (1727 mm) line with molten Sulfur, which was initially designed for gas operation, a well thought engineering case study is required to guarantee that no damage will occur under the new operating conditions. This paper covers the procedures employed to qualify the integrity of a 68″ (1727 mm) piping system, initially designed to carry Sulfur vapors and required to handle occasional filling with molten Sulfur due to operational demands. The procedures of reviewing the initial configuration, design of modifications and reinforcements to the piping system and the use of Finite Element Analysis (FEA) in order to qualify several unique support configurations are explained in this paper.
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Ozmaian, Javad, and Amir H. Farzaneh. "Relation B/W Stress, Nozzle Load and Total Length in a Process Piping Line." In ASME 2010 Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2010-25213.

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Nowadays, time saving in piping stress analysis is a major concern among consultant engineering companies in power and process plants. In this paper, we are going to have a quantity review between some important parameters such as sustained, occasional and expanding stresses with total length and nozzle load of a real case according to ASME B31.3. Most of the times, piping stress designers try different and more flexible piping routes completely arbitrary. Longer piping route means greater mass, and it means a big trouble in earthquake time especially for allowable nozzle loading, on the other hand shorter piping route increases thermal nozzle loading and operating stresses. We will try to find a relationship among mentioned parameters to have an optimal piping route in order to save time and material. Finally, different routes will be analyzed using Caesar II to plot related parameters and find optimum criterion.
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Goldman, Paul, and Agnes Muszynska. "Chaotic Behavior of Rotor/Stator Systems With Rubs." In ASME 1993 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/93-gt-387.

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This paper outlines the dynamic behavior of externally excited rotor/stator systems with occasional, partial rubbing conditions. The observed phenomenon have one major source of a strong nonlinearity: transition from no contact to contact state between mechanical elements, one of which is rotating. This results in variable stiffness and damping, impacting, and intermittent involvement of friction. A new model for such a transition (impact) is developed. In case of the contact between rotating and stationary elements, it correlates the local radial and tangential (“super ball”) effects with global behavior of the system. The results of numerical simulations of a simple rotor/stator system based on that model are presented in the form of bifurcation diagrams, rotor lateral vibration time–base waves, and orbits. The vibrational behavior of the considered system is characterized by orderly harmonic and subharmonic responses, as well as by chaotic vibrations. A new result (additional subharmonic regime of vibration) is obtained for the case of heavy rub of an anisotropically supported rotor. The correspondence between numerical simulation and previously obtained experimental data supports the adequacy of the new model of impact.
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Weyer, Robert. "Assessment of Dynamic High Momentum Slug Loads on Piping Following STHE Tube Rupture." In ASME 2021 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2021-61797.

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Abstract Transient fluid loads in process piping have gained renewed focus recently with the design and construction of many LNG plants. The case of the shockwave (waterhammer) in piping following the rupture of a tube in a STHE has been well studied. Less attention has been paid to the high momentum slug flow which can occur when liquid slugs are accelerated in the piping by the gas. This paper will examine some of the practical considerations for assessing the dynamic loads resulting from this high momentum slug flow. A method to obtain the force vector for any 3-dimensional change in direction will be presented. The use of DLFs for loads where a detailed time history profile is available will be discussed. The possibility of taking credit for simultaneously acting forces will be investigated. The applicability of the B31.3 allowable stress for occasional loads will be examined and compared against advanced finite element models using shell elements.
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Madruga, Kauan Alves Sousa, Luiz Fernando Melo Lima, Pedro Victor Oliveira Araújo, Vitória Bittencourt de Carvalho, and Bruna Da Cruz Beyruth Borges. "Septic Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis due to Pneumococcal Meningitis in A 6 Months Infant." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.479.

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Context: Septic Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis (CST) is a rare and potentially lethal illness that clinicians still occasionally see. We describe the evolution of a 6 months old infant patient who had a history of delayed vaccination and acquired a Pneumococcal Meningitis, leading to septic CTS. Case report: The patient was admitted with the complaint of constant crying and vomiting. The physical exam noticed: bulging of the bregmatic fontanelle, Glasgow Coma Score = 11, and bad general state. The clinical picture had begun one week before the hospitalization, but the fever had started just three days before. The vaccine neglection plus some pathological signs of meningeal infection guided the clinical thinking to meningitis, later confirmed by the lumbar puncture. Some days later, the patient presented paralysis of the third pair of cranial nerves, conducing to the inability to open the eyes, mydriatic non-photo reagent pupils, and bilateral swelling. A magnetic resonance confirmed thrombosis of traverse sinus along with the transition to the sigmoid one. Bilateral ptosis and exotropia were noticed. Antibiotic therapy resulted in progressive eye-opening and recurrence of photo reagent reflexes. The prognosis was great, pointed by the normotension and normal amplitude of the bregmatic fontanelle. Conclusion: The elimination of the meningeal infection focus was extremely important, since the pathophysiology of CST came from phlebitis of the cavernous sinuses, with consequent thrombus formation from the endothelial lesion. In addition, it is worth mentioning the omission of vaccination, which was concessive to the case.
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Reports on the topic "Occasional care"

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Wallace, Ina F. Universal Screening of Young Children for Developmental Disorders: Unpacking the Controversies. RTI Press, February 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2018.op.0048.1802.

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In the past decade, American and Canadian pediatric societies have recommended that pediatric care clinicians follow a schedule of routine surveillance and screening for young children to detect conditions such as developmental delay, speech and language delays and disorders, and autism spectrum disorder. The goal of these recommendations is to ensure that children with these developmental issues receive appropriate referrals for evaluation and intervention. However, in 2015 and 2016, the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) and the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care issued recommendations that did not support universal screening for these conditions. This occasional paper is designed to help make sense of the discrepancy between Task Force recommendations and those of the pediatric community in light of research and practice. To clarify the issues, this paper reviews the distinction between screening and surveillance; the benefits of screening and early identification; how the USPSTF makes its recommendations; and what the implications of not supporting screening are for research, clinical practice, and families.
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SIDHU, WAHEGURU PAL SINGH, JING-DONG YUAN, and KENT L. BIRINGER. Cooperative Monitoring Center Occasional Paper/13: Cooperative monitoring for confidence building: A case study of the Sino-Indian border areas. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/752010.

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Smith, Jijo K., Howell Li, and Darcy M. Bullock. Populating SAE J2735 Message Confidence Values for Traffic Signal Transitions Along a Signalized Corridor. Purdue University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317322.

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The communication between connected vehicles and traffic signal controllers is defined in SAE Surface Vehicle Standard J2735. SAE J2735 defines traffic signal status messages and a series of 16 confidence levels for traffic signal transitions. This paper discusses a statistical method for tabulating traffic signal data by phase and time of day and populating the SAE J2735 messages. Graphical representation of the red-green and green-yellow transitions are presented from six intersections along a 4-mile corridor for five different time of day timing plans. The case study provided illustrates the importance of characterizing the stochastic variation of traffic signals to understand locations, phases, and time of day when traffic indications operate with high predictability, and periods when there are large variations in traffic signal change times. Specific cases, such as low vehicle demand and occasional actuation of pedestrian phases are highlighted as situations that may reduce the predictability of traffic signal change intervals. The results from this study also opens up discussion among transportation professionals on the importance of consistent tabulation of confidence values for both beginning and end of green signal states. We believe this paper will initiate dialog on how to consistently tabulate important data elements transmitted in SAE J2735 and perhaps refine those definitions. The paper concludes by highlighting the importance of traffic engineers and connected vehicle developers to work together to develop shared visions on traffic signal change characteristics so that the in-vehicle use cases and human-machine interface (HMI) meet user expectations.
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Levy, Brian. How Political Contexts Influence Education Systems: Patterns, Constraints, Entry Points. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-2022/pe04.

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This paper synthesises the findings of a set of country studies commissioned by the RISE Programme to explore the influence of politics and power on education sector policymaking and implementation. The synthesis groups the countries into three political-institutional contexts: Dominant contexts, where power is centred around a political leader and a hierarchical governance structure. As the Vietnam case details, top-down leadership potentially can provide a robust platform for improving learning outcomes. However, as the case studies of Ethiopia, Indonesia, Nigeria, and Tanzania illustrate, all-too-often dominant leaders’ goals vis-à-vis the education sector can veer in other directions. In impersonal competitive contexts, a combination of strong formal institutions and effective processes of resolving disagreements can, on occasion, result in a shared commitment among powerful interests to improve learning outcomes—but in none of the case studies is this outcome evident. In Peru, substantial learning gains have been achieved despite messy top-level politics. But the Chilean, Indian, and South African case studies suggest that the all-too-common result of rule-boundedness plus unresolved political contestation over the education sector’s goals is some combination of exaggerated rule compliance and/or performative isomorphic mimicry. Personalised competitive contexts (Bangladesh, Ghana, and Kenya for example) lack the seeming strengths of either their dominant or their impersonal competitive contexts; there are multiple politically-influential groups and multiple, competing goals—but no credible framework of rules to bring coherence either to political competition or to the education bureaucracy. The case studies show that political and institutional constraints can render ineffective many specialised sectoral interventions intended to improve learning outcomes. But they also point to the possibility that ‘soft governance’ entry points might open up some context-aligned opportunities for improving learning outcomes. In dominant contexts, the focus might usefully be on trying to influence the goals and strategies of top-level leadership. In impersonal competitive contexts, it might be on strengthening alliances between mission-oriented public officials and other developmentally-oriented stakeholders. In personalised competitive contexts, gains are more likely to come from the bottom-up—via a combination of local-level initiatives plus a broader effort to inculcate a shared sense among a country’s citizenry of ‘all for education’.
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Levy, Brian. How Political Contexts Influence Education Systems: Patterns, Constraints, Entry Points. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2022/122.

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This paper synthesises the findings of a set of country studies commissioned by the RISE Programme to explore the influence of politics and power on education sector policymaking and implementation. The synthesis groups the countries into three political-institutional contexts: Dominant contexts, where power is centred around a political leader and a hierarchical governance structure. As the Vietnam case details, top-down leadership potentially can provide a robust platform for improving learning outcomes. However, as the case studies of Ethiopia, Indonesia, Nigeria, and Tanzania illustrate, all-too-often dominant leaders’ goals vis-à-vis the education sector can veer in other directions. In impersonal competitive contexts, a combination of strong formal institutions and effective processes of resolving disagreements can, on occasion, result in a shared commitment among powerful interests to improve learning outcomes—but in none of the case studies is this outcome evident. In Peru, substantial learning gains have been achieved despite messy top-level politics. But the Chilean, Indian, and South African case studies suggest that the all-too-common result of rule-boundedness plus unresolved political contestation over the education sector’s goals is some combination of exaggerated rule compliance and/or performative isomorphic mimicry. Personalised competitive contexts (Bangladesh, Ghana, and Kenya for example) lack the seeming strengths of either their dominant or their impersonal competitive contexts; there are multiple politically-influential groups and multiple, competing goals—but no credible framework of rules to bring coherence either to political competition or to the education bureaucracy. The case studies show that political and institutional constraints can render ineffective many specialised sectoral interventions intended to improve learning outcomes. But they also point to the possibility that ‘soft governance’ entry points might open up some context-aligned opportunities for improving learning outcomes. In dominant contexts, the focus might usefully be on trying to influence the goals and strategies of top-level leadership. In impersonal competitive contexts, it might be on strengthening alliances between mission-oriented public officials and other developmentally-oriented stakeholders. In personalised competitive contexts, gains are more likely to come from the bottom-up—via a combination of local-level initiatives plus a broader effort to inculcate a shared sense among a country’s citizenry of ‘all for education’.
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Schuck-Zöller, Susanne, Sebastian Bathiany, Markus Dressel, Juliane El Zohbi, Elke Keup-Thiel, Diana Rechid, and Suhari Mirko. Developing criteria of successful processes in co-creative research. A formative evaluation scheme for climate services. Fteval - Austrian Platform for Research and Technology Policy Evaluation, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22163/fteval.2022.541.

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Climate change and its socio-ecological impacts affect all sectors of society. To tackle the multiple risks of climate change the field of climate services evolved during the last decades. In this scientific field products to be applied in practice are developed in constant interaction between climate service providers and users. To judge the effectiveness of these co-creation endeavours, evaluation is crucial. At present, output and outcome assessments are conducted occasionally in this research field. However, the summative evaluation does not help to adjust the ongoing process of co-creation. Thus, our work focuses on the formative evaluation of co-creative development of science-based climate service products. As the first step, main characteristics of the product development process were identified empirically. Secondly, we determined the six sub- processes of climate service product development and related process steps. Thirdly, we selected the questions for the formative evaluation relevant to all the sub-processes and process-steps. Then, a literature review delivered the theoretical background for further work and revealed further quality aspects. These aspects from literature were brought together with our results from the empirical work. In the end, we created a new scheme of quality criteria and related assessment questions for the different sub-processes in climate services, based on both, empirical and theoretical work. As the authors take into account the process of co-production in a real-life case, the criteria and assessment questions proposed are operational and hands-on. The quality aspects refer to the five principles of applicability, theoretical and empirical foundation, professionalism, transparency of processes and the disclosure of preconditions. They are elaborated comprehensively in our study. The resulting formative evalu- ation scheme is novel in climate service science and practice and useful in improving the co-creation processes in climate services and beyond.
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Bano, Masooda. Curricula that Respond to Local Needs: Analysing Community Support for Islamic and Quranic Schools in Northern Nigeria. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2022/103.

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Involving local communities in school management is seen to be crucial to improving the quality of education in state schools in developing countries; yet school-based management committees remain dormant in most such contexts. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork with a rich network of community-supported Islamic and Quranic schools in the state of Kano in northern Nigeria—a sub-Saharan African region with very low education indicators, low economic growth, and political and social instability—this paper shows how making school curricula responsive to local value systems and economic opportunities is key to building a strong sense of community ownership of schools. Under community-based school management committees, control over more substantive educational issues—such as the content of school curricula and the nature of aspirations and concepts of a good life that it promotes among the students—remains firmly in the hands of the government education authorities, who on occasion also draw on examples from other countries and expertise offered by international development agencies when considering what should be covered. The paper shows that, as in the case of the urban areas, rural communities or those in less-developed urban centres lose trust in state schools when the low quality of education provided results in a failure to secure formal-sector employment. But the problem is compounded in these communities, because while state schools fail to deliver on the promise of formal-sector employment, the curriculum does promote a concept of a good life that is strongly associated with formal-sector employment and urban living, which remains out of reach for most; it also promotes liberal values, which in the local communities' perception are associated with Western societies and challenge traditional values and authority structures. The outcomes of such state schooling, in the experience of rural communities, are frustrated young people, unhappy with the prospect of taking up traditional jobs, and disrespectful of parents and of traditional authority structures. The case of community support for Islamic and Quranic schools in northern Nigeria thus highlights the need to consider the production of localised curricula and to adjust concepts of a good life to local contexts and economic opportunities, as opposed to adopting a standardised national curriculum which promotes aspirations that are out of reach.
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Bano, Masooda. Curricula that Respond to Local Needs: Analysing Community Support for Islamic and Quranic Schools in Northern Nigeria. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2022/103.

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Involving local communities in school management is seen to be crucial to improving the quality of education in state schools in developing countries; yet school-based management committees remain dormant in most such contexts. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork with a rich network of community-supported Islamic and Quranic schools in the state of Kano in northern Nigeria—a sub-Saharan African region with very low education indicators, low economic growth, and political and social instability—this paper shows how making school curricula responsive to local value systems and economic opportunities is key to building a strong sense of community ownership of schools. Under community-based school management committees, control over more substantive educational issues—such as the content of school curricula and the nature of aspirations and concepts of a good life that it promotes among the students—remains firmly in the hands of the government education authorities, who on occasion also draw on examples from other countries and expertise offered by international development agencies when considering what should be covered. The paper shows that, as in the case of the urban areas, rural communities or those in less-developed urban centres lose trust in state schools when the low quality of education provided results in a failure to secure formal-sector employment. But the problem is compounded in these communities, because while state schools fail to deliver on the promise of formal-sector employment, the curriculum does promote a concept of a good life that is strongly associated with formal-sector employment and urban living, which remains out of reach for most; it also promotes liberal values, which in the local communities' perception are associated with Western societies and challenge traditional values and authority structures. The outcomes of such state schooling, in the experience of rural communities, are frustrated young people, unhappy with the prospect of taking up traditional jobs, and disrespectful of parents and of traditional authority structures. The case of community support for Islamic and Quranic schools in northern Nigeria thus highlights the need to consider the production of localised curricula and to adjust concepts of a good life to local contexts and economic opportunities, as opposed to adopting a standardised national curriculum which promotes aspirations that are out of reach.
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Rosato-Scott, Claire, Dani J. Barrington, Amita Bhakta, Sarah J. House, Islay Mactaggart, and Jane Wilbur. How to Talk About Incontinence: A Checklist. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/slh.2020.006.

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Incontinence is the medical term used to describe the involuntary loss of urine or faeces. Women, men, girls, boys and people of all genders, at any age, can experience incontinence. A person with incontinence can experience leakage occasionally, regularly or constantly; and leakage can happen at any time, day or night. A person may also experience leakage of urinary or faecal matter due to not being able to get to the toilet in time or not wanting to use the toilet facilities available. This is known as social, or functional, incontinence. In many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) understanding of incontinence is still in its early stages: the term ‘incontinence’ may not be known, knowledge of the condition is rare, and the provision of support is lacking. Those who experience incontinence may face stigma due to having the condition, and this may affect their willingness or confidence to talk about it. There is a need to better understand incontinence in LMICs, and how best to support people living with the condition to improve their quality of life. This requires having conversations with individuals that experience the condition, and with individuals who care for those who do: they will have the lived experiences of what it means to live with incontinence practically, emotionally and socially for them and their families. Living with incontinence can have a range of impacts on the people living with it and their carers. These include increased stress and distress; additional needs for water and soap; and restricted ability to join in community activities, school or work. Living with incontinence can also lead to a range of protection issues. The potential challenges that people face may be quite diverse and may vary between people and households. The checklist below, and corresponding page references to ‘Incontinence: We Need to Talk About Leaks’ can be used to increase your understanding of incontinence and the options available to support people living with the condition; and provide guidance on how to have conversations to understand how best to support people living with incontinence in your area.
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Rosato-Scott, Claire, Dani J. Barrington, Amita Bhakta, Sarah J. House, Islay Mactaggart, and Wilbur Jane. How to Talk About Incontinence: A Checklist. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/slh.2020.012.

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Abstract:
Incontinence is the medical term used to describe the involuntary loss of urine or faeces. Women, men, girls, boys and people of all genders, at any age, can experience incontinence. A person with incontinence can experience leakage occasionally, regularly or constantly; and leakage can happen at any time, day or night. A person may also experience leakage of urinary or faecal matter due to not being able to get to the toilet in time or not wanting to use the toilet facilities available. This is known as social, or functional, incontinence. In many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) understanding of incontinence is still in its early stages: the term ‘incontinence’ may not be known, knowledge of the condition is rare, and the provision of support is lacking. Those who experience incontinence may face stigma due to having the condition, and this may affect their willingness or confidence to talk about it. There is a need to better understand incontinence in LMICs, and how best to support people living with the condition to improve their quality of life. This requires having conversations with individuals that experience the condition, and with individuals who care for those who do: they will have the lived experiences of what it means to live with incontinence practically, emotionally and socially for them and their families. Living with incontinence can have a range of impacts on the people living with it and their carers. These include increased stress and distress; additional needs for water and soap; and restricted ability to join in community activities, school or work. Living with incontinence can also lead to a range of protection issues. The potential challenges that people face may be quite diverse and may vary between people and households. The checklist below, and corresponding page references to ‘Incontinence: We Need to Talk About Leaks’ can be used to increase your understanding of incontinence and the options available to support people living with the condition; and provide guidance on how to have conversations to understand how best to support people living with incontinence in your area.
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