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Journal articles on the topic 'Obstructive sleep apnoea'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 20 February 2023

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1

Phua, C. Q., W. X. Yeo, C. Su, and P. K. H. Mok. "Multi-level obstruction in obstructive sleep apnoea: prevalence, severity and predictive factors." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 131, no. 11 (September 5, 2017): 982–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215117001906.

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AbstractObjectives:To characterise multi-level obstruction in terms of prevalence, obstructive sleep apnoea severity and predictive factors, and to collect epidemiological data on upper airway morphology in obstructive sleep apnoea patients.Methods:Retrospective review of 250 obstructive sleep apnoea patients.Results:On clinical examination, 171 patients (68.4 per cent) had multi-level obstruction, 49 (19.6 per cent) had single-level obstruction and 30 (12 per cent) showed no obstruction. Within each category of obstructive sleep apnoea severity, multi-level obstruction was more prevalent. Multi-level obstruction was associated with severe obstructive sleep apnoea (more than 30 events per hour) (p = 0.001). Obstructive sleep apnoea severity increased with the number of obstruction sites (correlation coefficient = 0.303, p < 0.001). Multi-level obstruction was more likely in younger (p = 0.042), male (p = 0.045) patients, with high body mass index (more than 30 kg/m2) (p < 0.001). Palatal (p = 0.004), tongue (p = 0.026) and lateral pharyngeal wall obstructions (p = 0.006) were associated with severe obstructive sleep apnoea.Conclusion:Multi-level obstruction is more prevalent in obstructive sleep apnoea and is associated with increased severity. Obstruction at certain anatomical levels contributes more towards obstructive sleep apnoea severity.

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2

Polo, O., L. Brissaud, B. Sales, A. Besset, and M. Billiard. "The validity of the static charge sensitive bed in detecting obstructive sleep apnoeas." European Respiratory Journal 1, no. 4 (April 1, 1988): 330–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.93.01040330.

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The demand for polysomnographic recordings associated with respiratory control exceeds the capacity of the few existing sleep disorder centres and therefore a simple and inexpensive method is needed for screening and diagnosing sleep-related breathing disorders. The static charge sensitive bed (SCSB) permits long-term recordings of body movements, respiratory movements and the ballistocardiogram (BCG) without electrodes or cables being attached to the subject. The aim of the present study was to test the validity of this particular method in detecting obstructive sleep apnoeas without airflow measurements. Simultaneous SCSB and spirometer recordings were compared in fourteen sleep apnoea patients and six controls. The mean sensitivity of the SCSB method to detect the obstructive apnoeas was 0.92-0.98. The specificity to detect 2 min apnoea epochs was 0.61-0.68 in the apnoea group, while in the control group it was 0.99-1.00. According to this study, the SCSB detects the obstructive events without always distinguishing between severe periodic hypopnoeas and obstructive apnoeas. The sensitivity of the SCSB makes it valuable for screening subjects suspected of having obstructive sleep apnoeas. Further studies will concentrate on a more detailed analysis of the various respiratory, BCG and body movement patterns, which may lead to additional information on the severity of the upper airway obstruction.

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3

Gutierrez, T., A. C. Leong, L. Pang, E. Chevretton, J.-P. Jeannon, and R. Simo. "Multinodular thyroid goitre causing obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 126, no. 2 (October 12, 2011): 190–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215111002714.

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AbstractBackground:Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome has been linked to obesity, nasal obstruction and adenotonsillar hypertrophy, but rarely to large thyroid goitres.Objective:To study the possible association between multinodular retrolaryngo-pharyngeal or retrosternal goitres and obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome.Subjects and methods:Retrospective case series at a tertiary referral centre (2000–2010). Study parameters included body mass index, Epworth sleep score and polysomnographic index.Results:Five patients were diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome and managed with nasal continuous positive airway pressure ventilation. Computed tomography showed a retrolaryngo-pharyngeal or retrosternal goitre with significant tracheal compression, displacement and laryngeal oedema. After total thyroidectomy, obstructive sleep apnoea resolved in all patients.Conclusion:Large, multinodular goitres with retrolaryngo-pharyngeal extension can cause obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome due to laryngeal compression and oedema. In such cases, total thyroidectomy enables resolution of symptoms. Patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome should be screened for thyroid goitre.

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4

Toshniwal, Nandalal Girijalal, Shubhangi Amit Mani, Nilesh Mote, and Ashwini Ramesh Nalkar. "Obstructive Sleep Apnoea in Orthodontics - A Review." Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 10, no. 35 (August 30, 2021): 3040–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2021/620.

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Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a sleep associated breathing disorder and it affects the health and quality of life of individuals suffering from it. Orthodontists should be well aware of the symptoms of this disorder and competent enough to recognize its signs and symptoms. Orthodontics is well suited for the treatment of OSA patients due to their expertise and knowledge regarding growth and development of orofacial and dentofacial structures as well as orthopaedic, orthodontic, and surgical correction of the jaws and other supporting tissues. There are basically two types of sleep apnoea- Central sleep apnoea and obstructive sleep apnoea where obstructive sleep apnoea is the more common one. This disorder can be life threatening as the oxygen supply to various parts of the body is substantially reduced. Obstructive sleep apnoea is caused by an interplay between a variety of factors, including sleep related loss of muscle tone in the tissues supplied by the glossopharyngeal nerve, anatomical obstruction of the nasal passages, large tonsils, large tongue, a retrognathic mandible, obesity, alcohol, sedative medication, and allergies. Sleep apnoea can be caused due to many factors and many treatment modalities have been employed to correct this disorder including mandibular advancement appliances, polysomnographs, and surgical intervention. It can be treated using surgery, continuous positive airway pressure and oral appliances therapy. This article highlights the role the orthodontist plays in the diagnosis and treatment planning of OSA patients. KEY WORDS Orthodontics, Obstructive Sleep Apnoea, Sleep, Snoring

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5

Timkova, Vladimira, Iveta Nagyova, Sijmen A. Reijneveld, Ruzena Tkacova, Roy E. Stewart, Jitse P. van Dijk, and Ute Bültmann. "Suicidal ideation in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea and its relationship with disease severity, sleep-related problems and social support." Journal of Health Psychology 25, no. 10-11 (March 1, 2018): 1450–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359105318758859.

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We aimed to assess the prevalence of suicidal ideation and to examine the relationships between obstructive sleep apnoea severity, sleep-related problems, social support and suicidal ideation in obstructive sleep apnoea patients. We included 149 patients (68% male; mean age, 48.99 ± 9.57 years) with diagnosed obstructive sleep apnoea (Apnoea–Hypopnoea Index ⩾5) based on full-night polysomnography. The prevalence of suicidal ideation among obstructive sleep apnoea patients was 20.1 per cent. Structural equation modelling showed that suicidal ideation in obstructive sleep apnoea was strongly related to poor sleep quality and high fatigue levels. No relationship between social support and suicidal ideation in obstructive sleep apnoea patients was found.

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6

Casey, Deborah. "Obstructive sleep Apnoea." Nursing Standard 4, no. 52 (September 19, 1990): 25–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.4.52.25.s41.

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7

Gallacher, Rose. "Obstructive sleep apnoea." Nursing Standard 22, no. 29 (March 26, 2008): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.22.29.47.s39.

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8

Marshall, Tom. "Obstructive sleep apnoea." British Journal of General Practice 66, no. 645 (March 31, 2016): 178.3–179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3399/bjgp16x684493.

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9

TIERNEY, N. M., B. J. POLLARD, and B. R. H. DORAN. "Obstructive sleep apnoea." Anaesthesia 44, no. 3 (March 1989): 235–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1989.tb11232.x.

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10

McNamara, S. G., R. R. Grunstein, and C. E. Sullivan. "Obstructive sleep apnoea." Thorax 48, no. 7 (July 1, 1993): 754–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thx.48.7.754.

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11

HANNING, C. D. "OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNOEA." British Journal of Anaesthesia 63, no. 4 (October 1989): 477–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bja/63.4.477.

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12

Stradling, John. "Obstructive sleep apnoea." BMJ 335, no. 7615 (August 16, 2007): 313–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.39289.484144.be.

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13

Shneerson, J., I. Smith, A. I. Pack, T. Young, J. R. Stradling, R. J. O. Davies, G. J. Gibson, et al. "Obstructive sleep apnoea." BMJ 315, no. 7104 (August 9, 1997): 367. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.315.7104.367.

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14

Wright, J., and T. Sheldon. "Obstructive sleep apnoea." BMJ 315, no. 7107 (August 30, 1997): 551. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.315.7107.551b.

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15

Johal, Ama. "Obstructive sleep apnoea." Dental Nursing 2, no. 3 (April 2006): 118–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/denn.2006.2.3.29813.

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16

West, Sophie D., and Chris Turnbull. "Obstructive sleep apnoea." Eye 32, no. 5 (February 2, 2018): 889–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41433-017-0006-y.

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17

Hardinge, Maxine. "Obstructive sleep apnoea." Medicine 36, no. 5 (May 2008): 237–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mpmed.2008.02.010.

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18

Manuel, Ari, and Maxine Hardinge. "Obstructive sleep apnoea." Medicine 40, no. 6 (June 2012): 287–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mpmed.2012.03.004.

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19

Manuel, Ari, and Maxine Hardinge. "Obstructive sleep apnoea." Medicine 44, no. 6 (June 2016): 336–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mpmed.2016.03.007.

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20

Turnbull, Chris, Irfan Zaki, and Maxine Hardinge. "Obstructive sleep apnoea." Medicine 48, no. 6 (June 2020): 404–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mpmed.2020.03.008.

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21

Malhotra, Atul, and David P. White. "Obstructive sleep apnoea." Lancet 360, no. 9328 (July 2002): 237–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(02)09464-3.

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22

Stone, Julian P. "Obstructive sleep apnoea." Lancet 360, no. 9350 (December 2002): 2078–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(02)11964-7.

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23

Gillerot, Gaëlle, and Michel Jadoul. "Obstructive sleep apnoea." Lancet 360, no. 9350 (December 2002): 2079. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(02)11965-9.

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24

O'Toole, Laurence, and Vicki A. Quincey. "Obstructive sleep apnoea." Lancet 360, no. 9350 (December 2002): 2079. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(02)11966-0.

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25

Mascitelli, Luca, and Francesca Pezzetta. "Obstructive sleep apnoea." Lancet 360, no. 9350 (December 2002): 2079. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(02)11967-2.

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26

Benatar, Solomon R. "Obstructive sleep apnoea." Lancet 354, no. 9185 (October 1999): 1212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)75423-4.

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27

Leung, Richard S., Ruzena Tkacova, and T. Douglas Bradley. "Obstructive sleep apnoea." Lancet 354, no. 9185 (October 1999): 1212–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)75424-6.

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28

Stradling, JR, RJO Davies, R. Mullins, and C. Jenkinson. "Obstructive sleep apnoea." Lancet 354, no. 9185 (October 1999): 1213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)75425-8.

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29

Teramoto, Shinji, Eijiro Ohga, and Yasuyoshi Ouchi. "Obstructive sleep apnoea." Lancet 354, no. 9185 (October 1999): 1213–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)75426-x.

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30

Martinez, Guillermo, and Peter Faber. "Obstructive sleep apnoea." Continuing Education in Anaesthesia Critical Care & Pain 11, no. 1 (February 2011): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjaceaccp/mkq042.

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31

Williams, Justin M., and Christopher D. Hanning. "Obstructive sleep apnoea." BJA CEPD Reviews 3, no. 3 (June 2003): 75–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjacepd/mkg075.

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32

Greenstone, M., and M. Hack. "Obstructive sleep apnoea." BMJ 348, jun17 11 (June 17, 2014): g3745. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.g3745.

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33

Worsnop, C., R. Pierce, and R. D. Mcevoy. "Obstructive sleep apnoea." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Medicine 28, no. 4 (August 1998): 421–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1445-5994.1998.tb02074.x.

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34

Sun, Huibo, Yanhua Zhang, Jing Wang, and Jie Kong. "Correlation of serum meteorin-like concentration with the presence and severity of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome." Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine 56, no. 5 (June 8, 2019): 593–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004563219854115.

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Objective Inflammatory processes that occur in subjects with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome may contribute to progressive atherosclerosis and increased cardiovascular and cerebrovascular morbidity. Meteorin-like protein, which is also known as subfatin, is transcribed similarly to meteorin protein. Meteorin-like alleviates skeletal muscle inflammation. We aimed to investigate the serum meteorin-like status of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome subjects and determine the potential link between serum meteorin-like concentration with the presence and severity of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome. Methods The obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome group was composed of 207 obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome subjects diagnosed via polysomnography. A total of 106 healthy volunteers without clinical symptoms of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome were recruited as the control group. Blood samples were obtained from all subjects to evaluate the serum meteorin-like concentrations via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Results Decreased serum meteorin-like concentration was found in obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome subjects compared with the controls. Serum meteorin-like concentration was associated with a reduced OR for having obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.961 to 0.98; P < 0.001). Severe obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome subjects showed significantly lower meteorin-like concentration compared with mild and moderate cases. Moderate subjects exhibited decreased serum meteorin-like concentration compared with mild cases. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that serum meteorin-like concentration was negatively correlated with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome severity. Serum meteorin-like concentration negatively correlated with body mass index, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apnoea–hypopnea index, number of arousals, hypopnoea and apnoea in subjects with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome. Conclusion Serum meteorin-like concentration is inversely correlated with the presence and severity of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome.

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35

Cibella, F., O. Marrone, S. Sanci, V. Bellia, and G. Bonsignore. "Expiratory timing in obstructive sleep apnoeas." European Respiratory Journal 3, no. 3 (March 1, 1990): 293–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.93.03030293.

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Diaphragmatic electromyogram was recorded during NREM sleep in 4 patients affected by obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) syndrome in order to evaluate the behaviour of expiratory time (TE) in the course of the obstructive apnoea-ventilation cycle. The two components of TE, i.e. time of post-inspiratory inspiratory activity (TPIIA) and time of expiratory phase 2 (TE2) were separately analysed. TPIIA showed a short duration, with only minor variations, within the apnoea, while its duration was more variable and longer in the interapnoeic periods: the longest TPIIA values were associated with the highest inspiratory volumes in the same breaths. This behaviour seemed regulated according to the need of a more or less effective expiratory flow braking, probably as a result of pulmonary stretch receptors discharge. Conversely TE2 showed a continuous gradual modulation, progressively increasing in the pre-apnoeic period, decreasing during the apnoea and increasing in the post-apnoeic period: these TE2 variations seemed related to oscillations in chemical drive. These data show that TE in the obstructive apnoea-ventilation cycle results from a different modulation in its two components and suggest that both mechanical and chemical influences play a role in its overall duration.

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36

Shetty, Sharath Kumar, Vijayananda K. Madhur, Shreya Rajagopal, and Mahesh Kumar Y. "Diagnosis and Management of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea – A Literature Review." Scholars Journal of Dental Sciences 8, no. 7 (August 3, 2021): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sjds.2021.v08i07.002.

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Timely diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnoea and its management is an important factor in terms of orthodontic treatment outcomes. Symptoms of obstructive sleep apnoea being suggestive of the condition need to be given consideration along with predisposing factors that lead to obstructive sleep apnoea. Attention must be given to those patients identified with the predisposing factors who are likely to develop obstructive sleep apnoea. A variety of treatment options are available this day, beginning with lifestyle modifications, appliances, pharmacological management and ultimately surgical management depending on the severity of obstructive sleep apnoea which is identified through grading.

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37

García Suquia, Angela, Alberto Alonso-Fernández, Mónica de la Peña, David Romero, Javier Piérola, Miguel Carrera, Antonia Barceló, et al. "High D-dimer levels after stopping anticoagulants in pulmonary embolism with sleep apnoea." European Respiratory Journal 46, no. 6 (July 23, 2015): 1691–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.02041-2014.

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Obstructive sleep apnoea is a risk factor for pulmonary embolism. Elevated D-dimer levels and other biomarkers are associated with recurrent pulmonary embolism. The objectives were to compare the frequency of elevated D-dimer levels (>500 ng·mL−1) and further coagulation biomarkers after oral anticoagulation withdrawal in pulmonary embolism patients, with and without obstructive sleep apnoea, including two control groups without pulmonary embolism.We performed home respiratory polygraphy. We also measured basic biochemical profile and haemogram, and coagulation biomarkers (D-dimer, prothrombin fragment 1+2, thrombin-antithrombin complex, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, and soluble P-selectin).64 (74.4%) of the pulmonary embolism cases and 41 (46.11%) of the controls without pulmonary embolism had obstructive sleep apnoea. Plasmatic D-dimer was higher in PE patients with OSA than in those without obstructive sleep apnoea. D-dimer levels were significantly correlated with apnoea–hypopnoea index, and nocturnal hypoxia. There were more patients with high D-dimer after stopping anticoagulants in those with pulmonary embolism and obstructive sleep apnoea compared with PE without obstructive sleep apnoea (35.4% versus 19.0%, p=0.003). Apnoea–hypopnoea index was independently associated with high D-dimer.Pulmonary embolism patients with obstructive sleep apnoea had higher rates of elevated D-dimer levels after anticoagulation discontinuation for pulmonary embolism than in patients without obstructive sleep apnoea and, therefore, higher procoagulant state that might increase the risk of pulmonary embolism recurrence.

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38

Sil, A., and G. Barr. "Assessment of predictive ability of Epworth scoring in screening of patients with sleep apnoea." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 126, no. 4 (December 13, 2011): 372–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215111003082.

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AbstractMethod:Numerous studies have considered the benefits, and the disadvantages, of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Following an extensive literature review, we found that the evidence was inconclusive as regards the diagnostic efficacy of Epworth scoring for obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome. We undertook a retrospective study of 343 patients who underwent a sleep assessment over a 10-year period at the Monklands Hospital.Analysis and results:A total of 238 patients did not have sleep apnoea whereas 105 patients did. The mean Epworth score in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome was 10.94 (95 per cent confidence interval 9.46–11.42), and in the non-apnoeic group it was 7.73 (95 per cent confidence interval 7.04–8.41). Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curves were used to assess the predictive ability of Epworth scoring. The scores only explained 7–10 per cent of the variation in the probability of occurrence of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome. The odds ratio for Epworth scoring was 1.118, and only 69 per cent of cases were correctly classified by the Scale.Conclusions:The literature review suggested that the Epworth Sleepiness Scale is associated with a low effect size and/or low predictive value when correlated or regressed on the Apnoea–Hypopnoea Index or Respiratory Disturbance Index, thus limiting its value as a screening test. Our study concluded that the Epworth Scale is only marginally useful in predicting the occurrence of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome. We believe that every patient with a direct or witnessed history of sleep apnoea with obstructive symptoms have some form of sleep assessment.

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39

Molnár, Viktória, András Molnár, Zoltán Lakner, László Kunos, Emese Angyal, Fruzsina Németh, and László Tamás. "Az obstruktív alvási apnoe főbb jellemzőinek vizsgálata." Orvosi Hetilap 163, no. 15 (April 10, 2022): 586–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/650.2022.32428.

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Összefoglaló. Bevezetés és célkitűzés: Az obstruktív alvási apnoe az intermittáló hypoxia által cardiovascularis, cerebrovascularis és metabolikus betegségek kialakulását okozhatja. Kutatásunkban célunk volt a betegség főbb jellemzőinek vizsgálata, az obstruktív alvási apnoe és a kontrollcsoport általános, antropometriai, laboratóriumi paramétereinek összehasonlító elemzése által. Anyag és módszer: A prospektív vizsgálatba 100 beteget (74 férfi, 26 nő, átlagéletkor ± SD, 42,15 ± 12,7 év) vontunk be, akiket az elvégzett poliszomnográfia eredménye alapján kontroll- (36 fő) és obstruktív alvási apnoe (64 fő) csoportra osztottunk. A betegeknél részletes anamnézisfelvételt, antropometriai méréseket, laborvizsgálatot és alváskérdőív-kitöltést végeztünk. Eredmények: Az obstruktív alvási apnoe csoportban szignifikánsan nagyobb nyak- (p = 0,015), csípő- és haskörfogat (p<0,000), továbbá BMI-érték (p<0,000) volt megfigyelhető. A férfiak szignifikánsan nagyobb számban voltak képviselve az obstruktív alvási apnoe csoportban (p<0,000). Míg az antropometriai paraméterek közül a kontrollcsoportban a nyakkörfogat különbözött szignifikánsan a nemek között (p<0,000), addig az obstruktív alvási apnoe csoportban a nyak- (p = 0,001) mellett a haskörfogat (p = 0,028) esetében volt megfigyelhető szignifikáns különbség. A társbetegségek jelenléte a kontroll- és az obstruktív alvási apnoe csoportban a hypertonia esetében 21%-nak és 64%-nak, a gastrooesophagealis refluxbetegség 5,42%-nak és 4,71%-nak, a szív-ér rendszeri betegség 2,7%-nak és 1%-nak, míg a 2-es típusú diabetes mellitus 0%-nak és 6,4%-nak adódott. A BMI az obstruktív alvási apnoe és a kontrollcsoportban egyaránt szignifikáns pozitív korrelációt mutatott a nyak-, a has- és a csípőkörfogattal, továbbá a kontrollcsoportban szignifikáns negatív korrelációt találtunk a HDL-koleszterin értéke és a BMI, valamint a nyak- és haskörfogat között. Következtetés: Az elhízás mint az obstruktív alvási apnoe legfőbb rizikófaktora és az obstruktív alvási apnoéban jellemző intermittáló hypoxia hozzájárulnak a komorbid állapotok nagyobb arányban történő megjelenéséhez, melyek mihamarabbi diagnosztikája és kezelésük megkezdése kiemelkedő fontosságú a betegek életminőségére gyakorolt hatásuk miatt. Orv Hetil. 2022; 163(15): 586–592. Summary. Introduction and objective: Obstructive sleep apnoea results in metabolic and cardiovascular disorders due to intermittent hypoxia. The main aim of the present study was to analyze the most important features of obstructive sleep apnoea, using anthropometric measurements and blood tests. Material and method: In this prospective investigation, 100 patients (74 male and 26 female patients, mean age ± SD years, 42.15 ± 12.7) were enrolled. These patients were divided into control (n = 36) and obstructive sleep apnoea (n = 64) groups regarding the results of polysomnography. The examination of the patients consisted of detailed anamnestic data, anthropometric measurements, laboratory test and the use of apnoea questionnaires. Results: In the obstructive sleep apnoea group, significantly higher neck (p<0.015), hip and abdomen circumferences and BMI values (p<0.000) were observed. Significantly higher ratio of male patients in the case of obstructive sleep apnoea was detected (p<0.000). In the control group, only the neck circumferences differed significantly between the two genders (p<0.000), but in the obstructive sleep apnoea group the neck (p = 0.001) and abdominal circumferences (p = 0.028) have also differed. Hypertension (64% and 21%) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (6.4% and 0%) were more frequent in the obstructive sleep apnoea group, while cardiovascular disorders (1% and 2.7 %) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (4.71% and 5.42%) in the control group. BMI values were significantly positively correlated with the neck, abdominal and hip circumferences, both in the control and obstructive sleep apnoea groups. Moreover, in the control group, a significant negative correlation between HDL-cholesterol and BMI, neck and abdominal circumferences was observed. Conclusion: Obesity, as one of the most important risk factors for obstructive sleep apnoea and the intermittent hypoxia contribute to the development of comorbidities. The diagnosis and therapy of the comorbidities is of great importance due to their effects on the patients’ quality of life. Orv Hetil. 2022; 163(15): 586–592.

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Sproson, E. L., A. M. Hogan, and C. M. Hill. "Accuracy of clinical assessment of paediatric obstructive sleep apnoea in two English centres." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 123, no. 9 (May 22, 2009): 1002–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215109005532.

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AbstractObjectives:To ascertain the sensitivity and specificity of clinical diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnoea in children, and to determine if a published clinical algorithm identifies those at high risk of post-adenotonsillectomy complications.Method:Sixty-seven children aged three to eight years underwent clinical assessment and overnight polysomnography.Results:Polysomnography detected a significant apnoea–hypopnoea index (i.e. ≥5, indicating significant obstructive sleep apnoea) in 13 (43 per cent) children with a clinical diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnoea and in six (19 per cent) children with no such diagnosis. The sensitivity of clinical assessment was 68.4 per cent and the specificity 59.5 per cent. The post-operative risk algorithm failed to identify any high risk children, although in actuality seven had severe obstructive sleep apnoea confirmed by polysomnography.Conclusions:This study of two English centres confirms that the clinical diagnostic process for obstructive sleep apnoea is reasonably insensitive and has low specificity. The studied algorithm discriminated poorly between children with and without severe obstructive sleep apnoea. Realistic diagnostic screening guidelines for paediatric sleep apnoea are overdue in the UK, where access to polysomnography is limited.

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Safiruddin, F., D. L. Mourits, and N. de Vries. "Thyroglossal duct cysts and obstructive sleep apnoea: three case reports and review of the literature." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 128, no. 8 (July 30, 2014): 738–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215114001509.

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AbstractBackground:Thyroglossal duct cysts and obstructive sleep apnoea are commonly occurring medical conditions which appear to present independently in patients. However, we noted three cases where the thyroglossal duct cysts influenced the development and/or therapy of obstructive sleep apnoea. In this article, these three case studies are presented, as is a study of the association between thyroglossal duct cysts and obstructive sleep apnoea, preceded by a literature review.Case reports:The patient in the first case study underwent hyoidthyroidpexia for obstructive sleep apnoea, which revealed an unexpected thyroglossal duct cyst. The second patient had previously undergone Sistrunk surgery for the removal of a thyroglossal duct cyst and subsequently presented with obstructive sleep apnoea. Finally, the third patient, who had previously undergone Sistrunk surgery, presented with obstructive sleep apnoea and underwent alternative surgery as hyoidthyroidpexia was no longer possible.Conclusion:To our knowledge, the association between thyroglossal duct cysts and obstructive sleep apnoea has not been addressed previously. The results indicate that the relationship is much stronger than previously thought, and further research is required to investigate the extent of the association and possible causal relations.

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Davies, Robert J. O., Joy Crosby, Anthony Prothero, and John R. Stradling. "Ambulatory Blood Pressure and Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Subjects with Untreated Obstructive Sleep Apnoea and Snoring, Compared with Matched Control Subjects, and their Response to Treatment." Clinical Science 86, no. 4 (April 1, 1994): 417–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0860417.

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1. Obstructive sleep apnoea and snoring are associated with daytime hypertension. It is uncertain whether this association is directly due to the disturbed sleeping respiration or the result of confounding variables, particularly obesity, smoking and alcohol intake. 2. Ambulatory blood pressure and echocardiographic left ventricular muscle mass were measured in 19 patients with obstructive sleep apnoea, 19 men who snore without apnoea and 38 control subjects matched for age, sex, body mass index, smoking and alcohol intake. Ambulatory blood pressure was also measured before and after treatment in 11 patients with obstructive sleep apnoea and their matched control subjects. 3. Compared with matched control subjects, untreated obstructive sleep apnoea and snoring were not associated with an increase in daytime blood pressure. A daytime elevation of either systolic or diastolic blood pressure of > 3.8 mmHg due to obstructive sleep apnoea or snoring was excluded with 95% confidence in each of the study groups. Daytime blood pressure was also unchanged when obstructive sleep apnoea was treated with nasal continuous positive airway pressure. Night-time blood pressure was not significantly different in the patients with obstructive sleep apnoea or the snorers when compared with their matched control subjects. However, a fall in night-time systolic blood pressure was seen in the patients with obstructive sleep apnoea after treatment [fall in systolic blood pressure −6.3 (SD 8.2) mmHg, P < 0.02]. 4. Left ventricular diameter, wall thickness and calculated mass were similar in each of the study groups and their matched control groups. 5. Compared with well-matched control subjects, daytime ambulatory blood pressure is not increased in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea or snoring and these patients do not show left ventricular hypertrophy. Night-time ambulatory blood pressure may be raised by obstructive sleep apnoea since it falls with treatment.

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Bernhardt, Lizelle, Emer M. Brady, Noelle Robertson, and Iain B. Squire. "An evaluation of heart failure clinicians' knowledge, attitudes and clinical practice in the diagnosis and treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea." British Journal of Cardiac Nursing 15, no. 7 (July 2, 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjca.2020.0079.

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Background/aims Obstructive sleep apnoea is a public health problem that remains under recognised. Despite obstructive sleep apnoea being associated with the incidence and progression of heart failure, clinician awareness is lacking within and across clinical specialities. This study aimed to evaluate heart failure clinicians' knowledge, attitudes and clinical practice in the diagnosis and treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea. Methods This study used a web-based, cross-sectional survey, using the modified Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Knowledge and Attitudes questionnaire among heart failure clinicians in the UK. Results The survey was completed by 102 heart failure clinicians. Out of a possible score of 37, the median knowledge scores were 29 (78%; interquartile range 26–31), 26 (70%; interquartile range 22–28) and 18 (49%; interquartile range 16.5–23.5) for doctors, nurses and pharmacists, respectively. The majority of doctors and nurses felt that obstructive sleep apnoea was important; however, confidence in the identification and management of obstructive sleep apnoea was low across all three groups of clinicians. Conclusions There is a knowledge deficit regarding the diagnosis and treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea among heart failure clinicians.

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Jiang, H., H. Cao, P. Wang, W. Liu, F. Cao, and J. Chen. "Tumour necrosis factor-α/interleukin-10 ratio in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea hypopnoea syndrome." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 129, no. 1 (December 15, 2014): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215114002990.

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AbstractObjective:To explore the significance of the tumour necrosis factor-α/interleukin-10 ratio and the effect of continuous positive airway pressure in patients with different degrees of obstructive sleep apnoea hypopnoea syndrome severity.Method:This study comprised 135 patients with obstructive sleep apnoea hypopnoea syndrome and 94 control subjects.Results:Tumour necrosis factor-α and tumour necrosis factor-α/interleukin-10 ratio values were significantly higher in the obstructive sleep apnoea hypopnoea syndrome group than in the control group, but interleukin-10 was significantly lower. Tumour necrosis factor-α/interleukin-10 ratio values increased in line with the severity of obstructive sleep apnoea hypopnoea syndrome. In multivariate analysis, the tumour necrosis factor-α/interleukin-10 ratio correlated positively with the apnoea–hypopnoea index and all indices of obstructive sleep apnoea hypopnoea syndrome, except for age, body mass index and neck circumference. After one month of continuous positive airway pressure therapy, levels of tumour necrosis factor-α decreased; interleukin-10 showed no change.Conclusion:The results suggest that inflammation is activated and anti-inflammatory cytokines are decreased in obstructive sleep apnoea hypopnoea syndrome patients. Tumour necrosis factor-α/interleukin-10 ratio may prove useful for severity monitoring and management of obstructive sleep apnoea hypopnoea syndrome patients, and may reduce the need for polysomnography.

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Andreas, S., B. von Breska, K. Magnusson, and H. Kreuzer. "Validation of automated sleep stage and apnoea analysis in suspected obstructive sleep apnoea." European Respiratory Journal 6, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.93.06010048.

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Full-night polysomnography is necessary for the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). However, analysis of the sleep stages and apnoeas is time-consuming. Computer systems for automated analysis have, thus, been developed to alleviate this task. We investigated 27 consecutive patients referred to our sleep laboratory with suspected OSA. The analysis of sleep stages and apnoeas was performed by visual scoring, according to Rechtschaffen and Kales, and by commercially available automated analysis device. The mean difference between visual scoring and automated analysis was -1, 111, -140, -3, 1 and 27 min, for sleep stages awake, I, II, III, IV and rapid eye movement (REM) respectively. For the apnoea index, the automated analysis rated a lower figure (mean difference 7.h-1, 95% confidence interval 2-12.h-1). The diagnosis of OSA was performed with a sensitivity of 85% and a specificity of 93% by automated analysis. Comparison of two independent handscores showed good agreement, with a mean difference of 6, 4, 3, -7, 1 and -1 min, for sleep stages awake, I, II, III, IV and REM, respectively. In conclusion, the automated analysis underestimates stage I sleep and the apnoea index. Visual scoring is advisable for control of the results. Automated analysis should only be used by those who are able to perform a visual analysis.

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REEDER, M. K., M. D. GOLDMAN, L. LOH, A. D. MUIR, K. R. CASEY, and D. A. GITLIN. "Postoperative obstructive sleep apnoea." Anaesthesia 46, no. 10 (October 1991): 849–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1991.tb09599.x.

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Rouf, Salma. "Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA)." Journal of Dhaka Medical College 28, no. 1 (March 2, 2020): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdmc.v28i1.45747.

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Jordan, Amy S., David G. McSharry, and Atul Malhotra. "Adult obstructive sleep apnoea." Lancet 383, no. 9918 (February 2014): 736–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(13)60734-5.

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Kotagal, Suresh. "Childhood obstructive sleep apnoea." BMJ 330, no. 7498 (April 28, 2005): 978–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.330.7498.978.

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Powell, S., H. Kubba, C. O'Brien, and M. Tremlett. "Paediatric obstructive sleep apnoea." BMJ 340, apr14 2 (April 14, 2010): c1918. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.c1918.

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