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Journal articles on the topic 'Obsessive-compulsive symptoms'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 20 February 2023

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1

Washington, Christi S., Peter J. Norton, and Samuel Temple. "Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder." Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 196, no. 6 (June 2008): 456–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/nmd.0b013e3181775a62.

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2

Goit, Bharat Kumar, and Shree Ram Ghimire. "Symptoms Analysis of Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder in Adolescents and Adults in a Teaching Hospital." Journal of Nepal Medical Association 52, no. 194 (June 30, 2014): 780–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31729/jnma.2730.

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Introduction: Obsessive-compulsive disorder has a broadly diverse clinical expression that reflects heterogeneity. Several studies have identified consistent symptom dimensions of obsessivecompulsive disorder. The purpose of this study was to conduct an exploratory symptoms analysis of obsessive-compulsive symptoms in adolescents and adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in the Department of Psychiatry, National Medical College. This study examined lifetime occurrence of obsessive-compulsive symptoms included in the 13 symptom categories of the Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale. Symptoms analysis was performed on 60 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Eight categories of obsessions and six categories of compulsions from Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale were included in the analyses. SPSS software package (version 16) was used to analyze the data and shown in the table. Results: Of 60 adolescents and adults, female and male were in the ratio of 1.2:1. Contamination was the most common occurring obsession followed by aggressive obsession. The most common occurring compulsion was checking followed by washing. Only a minority of patients (13.33%) presented predominantly with obsessions however 18.33% patients presented predominantly with compulsions. Certain obsessions and compulsions co-occur to form a cluster. Conclusions: In adolescents and adults, obsessive-compulsive disorder is a multidimensional disorder. Symptom dimensions are predominantly congruent with those described in similar studies of adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Keywords: compulsion; obsession; obsessive-compulsive disorder.

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3

den Braber, Anouk, Eco J. C. de Geus, Dorret I. Boomsma, and Dennis van ‘t Ent. "Obsessive–Compulsive Symptoms and Related Sex Differences in Brain Structure: An MRI Study in Dutch Twins." Twin Research and Human Genetics 16, no. 2 (March 25, 2013): 516–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/thg.2013.10.

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Neuroimaging studies have indicated abnormalities in cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuits in obsessive–compulsive disorder patients, but results have not been consistent. Since there are significant sex differences in human brain anatomy and obsessive–compulsive symptomatology and its developmental trajectories tend to be distinct in males and females, we investigated whether sex is a potential source of heterogeneity in neuroimaging studies on obsessive–compulsive symptoms. We selected male and female twin pairs who were concordant for scoring either high or low for obsessive–compulsive symptoms and a group of discordant pairs where one twin scored high and the co-twin scored low. The design included 24 opposite-sex twin pairs. Magnetic resonance imaging scans of 31 males scoring high for obsessive–compulsive symptoms, 41 low-scoring males, 58 high-scoring females, and 73 low-scoring females were analyzed and the interaction of obsessive–compulsive symptoms by sex on gray matter volume was assessed using voxel-based morphometry. An obsessive–compulsive symptom by sex interaction was observed for the left middle temporal gyrus, the right middle temporal gyrus, and the right precuneus. These interactions acted to reduce or hide a main effect in our study and illustrate the importance of taking sex into account when investigating the neurobiology of obsessive–compulsive symptoms.

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4

Urbańska, Anna, Agnieszka Lis, Mateusz Sołowiej, Aneta Perzyńska-Starkiewicz, Diana Szymczuk, and Marcin Olajossy. "The schizo-obsessive disorder: a case report." Current Problems of Psychiatry 17, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 314–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cpp-2016-0031.

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AbstractPurpose: A case of schizophrenia with coexisting obsessive-compulsive symptoms is reported.Case: The frequency of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) occurrence among patients suffering from schizophrenia is considerably higher in comparison to general population. The results of some studies show that schizo-obsessive disorder is characterized by higher intensity of negative and depressive symptoms. Patients with comorbid schizophrenia and obsessive-compulsive disorder show greater level of social dysfunction and they exhibit suicidal behaviours more often than patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. We present a 33-year-old female with obsessive-compulsive symptoms with onset in her early teens with no satisfactory response to treatment, in spite of her good intellect and insight into illness and cooperation.Comment: There is some evidence suggesting that patients with “schizo-obsessive disorder” have a worse prognosis compared to the group of patients suffering only from schizophrenia, but the effect of OCD on schizophrenia symptom profile is unclear.

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5

Leeuwerik, Tamara, Kate Cavanagh, and Clara Strauss. "The Association of Trait Mindfulness and Self-compassion with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Symptoms: Results from a Large Survey with Treatment-Seeking Adults." Cognitive Therapy and Research 44, no. 1 (November 11, 2019): 120–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10608-019-10049-4.

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Abstract Little is known about the role of mindfulness and self-compassion in obsessive-compulsive disorder. This cross-sectional study examined associations of mindfulness and self-compassion with obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms and with the obsessive beliefs and low distress tolerance thought to maintain them. Samples of treatment-seeking adults (N = 1871) and non-treatment-seeking adults (N = 540) completed mindfulness, self-compassion, obsessive-compulsive disorder, anxiety, depression, obsessive beliefs and distress tolerance questionnaires. Participants with clinically significant obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms reported lower trait mindfulness and self-compassion compared to participants with clinically significant anxiety/depression and to non-clinical controls. Among the clinical sample, there were medium-large associations between mindfulness and self-compassion and obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms, obsessive beliefs and distress tolerance. Mindfulness and self-compassion were unique predictors of obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms, controlling for depression severity. Once effects of obsessive beliefs and distress tolerance were controlled, a small effect remained for mindfulness (facets) on obsessing symptoms and for self-compassion on washing and checking symptoms. Directions for future research and clinical implications are considered in conclusion.

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6

Flygare, Oskar, Erik Andersson, Helene Ringberg, Anna-Clara Hellstadius, Johan Edbacken, Jesper Enander, Matti Dahl, et al. "Adapted cognitive behavior therapy for obsessive–compulsive disorder with co-occurring autism spectrum disorder: A clinical effectiveness study." Autism 24, no. 1 (June 12, 2019): 190–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361319856974.

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Obsessive–compulsive disorder and autism spectrum disorder commonly co-occur. Adapted cognitive behavior therapy for obsessive–compulsive disorder in adults with autism spectrum disorder has not previously been evaluated outside the United Kingdom. In this study, 19 adults with obsessive–compulsive disorder and autism spectrum disorder were treated using an adapted cognitive behavior therapy protocol that consisted of 20 sessions focused on exposure with response prevention. The primary outcome was the clinician-rated Yale–Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale. Participants were assessed up to 3 months after treatment. There were significant reductions on the Yale–Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale at post-treatment (d = 1.5), and improvements were sustained at follow-up (d = 1.2). Self-rated obsessive–compulsive disorder and depressive symptoms showed statistically significant reductions. Improvements in general functioning and quality of life were statistically non-significant. Three participants (16%) were responders at post-treatment and four (21%) were in remission from obsessive–compulsive disorder. At follow-up, three participants (16%) were responders and one (5%) was in full remission. Adapted cognitive behavior therapy for obsessive–compulsive disorder in adults with co-occurring autism spectrum disorder is associated with reductions in obsessive–compulsive symptoms and depressive symptoms. However, outcomes are modest; few patients were completely symptom free, and treatment engagement was low with few completed exposures and low adherence to homework assignments. We identify and discuss the need for further treatment refinement for this vulnerable group.

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7

TONNA, MATTEO, REBECCA OTTONI, FRANCESCA PAGLIA, ALBERTO MONICI, PAOLO OSSOLA, CHIARA DE PANFILIS, and CARLO MARCHESI. "Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms in Schizophrenia and in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder." Journal of Psychiatric Practice 22, no. 2 (March 2016): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/pra.0000000000000131.

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8

Paulson, John. "Exploring the Relationship between Obsessive-compulsive Characteristics and Symptoms of Eating Disorders in a Nonclinical Population." World Journal of Social Science 7, no. 1 (January 19, 2020): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/wjss.v7n1p25.

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Previous research has documented similarities between symptoms of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), Anorexia Nervosa, and Bulimia Nervosa and elevated comorbidity between these conditions in clinical samples, with the relationship between OCD and Anorexia being stronger than between OCD and Bulimia. Researchers adopting a continuum view of psychopathology have also found that individuals with sub-clinical expressions of obsessive-compulsive symptoms resemble their clinical counterparts in several ways. The goal of the current study was to explore whether or not the observed relationship between obsessive-compulsive symptoms and eating disorder symptoms observed in clinical populations would also be observed in a nonclinical population. 264 participants from a college sample completed self-report measures of these symptoms. A positive correlation was found between scores on obsessive-compulsive, anorexia and bulimia instruments, and reflective of their clinical counterparts the relationship between obsessive-compulsive and anorexia symptoms was more significant than the one between obsessive compulsive symptoms and bulimia symptoms. Implications and limitations for research and clinical practice are discussed.

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9

Russell, Ailsa J., David Mataix-Cols, Martin Anson, and Declan G. M. Murphy. "Obsessions and compulsions in Asperger syndrome and high-functioning autism." British Journal of Psychiatry 186, no. 6 (June 2005): 525–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.186.6.525.

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BackgroundObsessive–compulsive behaviours are common and disabling in autistic-spectrum disorders (ASD) but little is known about how they compare with those experienced by people with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD).AimTo make such a comparison.MethodA group of adults with high-functioning ASD (n=40) were administered the Yale–Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale and Symptom Checklist and their symptoms compared with a gender-matched group of adults with a primary diagnosis of OCD (n=45). OCD symptoms were carefully distinguished from stereotypic behaviours and interests usually displayed by those with ASD.ResultsThe two groups had similar frequencies of obsessive–compulsive symptoms, with only somatic obsessions and repeating rituals being more common in the OCD group. The OCD group had higher obsessive–compulsive symptom severity ratings but up to 50% of the ASD group reported at least moderate levels of interference from their symptoms.ConclusionsObsessions and compulsions are both common in adults with high-functioning ASD and are associated with significant levels of distress.

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10

Souza, Fernanda Pasquoto de, Edna B. Foa, Elisabeth Meyer, Kátia Gomes Niederauer, Andréa Litvin Raffin, and Aristides Volpato Cordioli. "Obsessive-compulsive inventory and obsessive-compulsive inventory-revised scales: translation into brazilian portuguese and cross-cultural adaptation." Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria 30, no. 1 (December 20, 2007): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-44462006005000065.

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OBJECTIVE: The present study describes the process of translation into Brazilian Portuguese and the cross-cultural adaptation of the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory and the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised scales. The Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory was developed with the purpose of measuring the intensity of the various symptoms that characterize the obsessive-compulsive disorder, assessing their frequency and the distress they caused during the previous month, as well as estimating the overall severity of the disorder. Thus, different levels of severity among different obsessions and compulsions can be assessed and compared. METHOD: The scales were initially translated into Brazilian Portuguese by two bilingual psychiatrists and then independently back-translated by other two bilingual psychiatrists. The scales were then applied to 15 obsessive-compulsive disorder patients, deliberately chosen from different educational levels, to make language adjustments. The author accepted the final version of the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory and the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised scales after their back translation. RESULTS: The scales were easily understood and filled in by individuals and may be used with obsessive-compulsive disorder patients of different socioeconomic levels. CONCLUSION: The Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory and the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised scales, in their Brazilian Portuguese version, can help health professionals to screen potential obsessive-compulsive disorder patients, assess the severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms and reduce these symptoms using different treatments.

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11

Heinzel, Carlotta V., Martin Kollárik, Marcel Miché, Annika Clamor, Andrea Ertle, Roselind Lieb, and Karina Wahl. "Is a Ruminative Thinking Style Related to Obsessive-Compulsive Symptom Severity Beyond Its Associations with Depressive and Anxiety Symptom Severity?" International Journal of Cognitive Therapy 14, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 575–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41811-021-00112-y.

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AbstractPrevious studies suggest that a ruminative thinking style (RTS) is positively associated with the severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms and might be involved in the maintenance of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). We sought to replicate this association in a sample of individuals with OCD, controlling for depressive and anxiety symptom severity, and to extend previous studies by including an interview measure of obsessive-compulsive symptom severity. A sample of 140 individuals diagnosed with OCD participated in a cross-sectional observational study. Participants completed questionnaire measures of an RTS as well as obsessive-compulsive, depressive, and anxiety symptom severity. Obsessive-compulsive symptom severity was additionally assessed with an interview. When statistically controlling for depressive and anxiety symptom severity, an RTS continued to predict the questionnaire, but not the interview measure of obsessive-compulsive symptom severity. We discuss possible explanations for these mixed findings, emphasizing the unique aspects of each measure, and consider implications for further research on OCD.

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12

Pinto, Paula Sanders Pereira, Sandro Iego, Samantha Nunes, Hemanny Menezes, Rosana Sávio Mastrorosa, Irismar Reis de Oliveira, and Maria Conceição do Rosário. "Influence of specific obsessive-compulsive symptom dimensions on strategic planning in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder." Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria 33, no. 1 (March 2011): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-44462011000100009.

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OBJECTIVE: This study investigates obsessive-compulsive disorder patients in terms of strategic planning and its association with specific obsessive-compulsive symptom dimensions. METHOD: We evaluated 32 obsessive-compulsive disorder patients. Strategic planning was assessed by the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test, and the obsessive-compulsive dimensions were assessed by the Dimensional Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale. In the statistical analyses, the level of significance was set at 5%. We employed linear regression, including age, intelligence quotient, number of comorbidities, the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale score, and the Dimensional Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale. RESULTS: The Dimensional Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale "worst-ever" score correlated significantly with the planning score on the copy portion of the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (r = 0.4, p = 0.04) and was the only variable to show a significant association after linear regression (β = 0.55, t = 2.1, p = 0.04). Compulsive hoarding correlated positively with strategic planning (r = 0.44, p = 0.03). None of the remaining symptom dimensions presented any significant correlations with strategic planning. CONCLUSION: We found the severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms to be associated with strategic planning. In addition, there was a significant positive association between the planning score on the copy portion of the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test copy score and the hoarding dimension score on the Dimensional Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale. Our results underscore the idea that obsessive-compulsive disorder is a heterogeneous disorder and suggest that the hoarding dimension has a specific neuropsychological profile. Therefore, it is important to assess the peculiarities of each obsessive-compulsive symptom dimension.

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13

Pereira, F., P. Martins, and J. Barros. "When psychosis follows obsession – a schizo-obsessive disorder case report." European Psychiatry 64, S1 (April 2021): S796—S797. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.2106.

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IntroductionThe relation between obsessive-compulsive symptoms and psychosis presents in different ways. While obsessive-compulsive symptoms can present as prodromes of schizophrenia, or in overlap with psychotic phenomenology, a new clinical entity as been proposed as a subgroup of schizophrenia: the schizo-obsessive disorder.ObjectivesThe present review aims to emphasize the comorbility between schizophrenia and obsessive-compulsive disorder, bringing to light the importance of early detection and adequate treatment approaches.MethodsThe authors describe the patient’s disease progression and discuss the longitudinal dynamics between obsessive-compulsive disorder and schizophrenia, providing a brief and updated literature overview.ResultsThe illustrated case addresses a 31-year-old male patient diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder at the age of 16, who later developed delusional ideation compatible with a schizophrenia diagnosis. At the onset of disease, the patient developed obsessive-compulsive symptoms such counting and repetitive hand-washing rituals that later turned into sexual obsessions concerning homossexuality. Following his 25th birthday, the patient became increasingly disorganized with frequent agressive outbursts toward his family and the obsessive egodystonic ideation turned into delusional egosyntonic ideation. Over the years, the patient shows intermittent obsessive-compulsive behavior while sustaining schizophrenia symptoms, particularly the negative symptoms.ConclusionsDespite the controversy associated with the recently proposed new subgroup of schizophrenia, the schizo-obsessive disorder, we believe the patient described fits the diagnosis. Clinicians managing patients of schizophrenia should evaluate the patients thoroughly for presence of comorbid obsessive-compulsive symptoms/disorder and must take the same into account while managing the patients.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

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14

Khawaja, Nigar G., and Janette McMahon. "The Relationship of Meta-Worry and Intolerance of Uncertainty With Pathological Worry, Anxiety, and Depression." Behaviour Change 28, no. 4 (December 1, 2011): 165–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/bech.28.4.165.

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AbstractThis study explored how meta-worry and intolerance of uncertainty relate to pathological worry, generalised anxiety, obsessive–compulsive disorder, social phobia, and depression. University students (n = 253)completed a questionnaire battery. A series of regression analyses were conducted. The results indicated that meta-worry was associated with GAD, social phobia, obsessive–compulsive, and depressive symptoms. Intolerance of uncertainty was related to GAD, social phobia, and obsessive–compulsive symptoms, but not depressive symptoms. The importance of meta-worry and intolerance of uncertainty as predictors of pathological worry, GAD, social phobia, obsessive–compulsive and depressive symptoms was also examined. Even though both factors significantly predicted the aforementioned symptoms, meta-worry emerged as a stronger predictor of GAD and obsessive compulsive symptoms than did intolerance of uncertainty. Intolerance of uncertainty, compared with meta-worry, appeared as a stronger predictor of social phobia symptoms. Findings emphasise the importance of addressing meta-worry and/or intolerance of uncertainty not only for the assessment and treatment of generalised anxiety disorder (GAD), but also obsessive–compulsive disorder, social phobia, and depression.

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15

Agargün, MY, H. Kara, L. Alpkan, and M. Üçişik. "Obsessive-compulsive symptoms in panic disorder: The association with major depression." European Psychiatry 11, no. 4 (1996): 207–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0924-9338(96)88393-3.

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SummaryTo examine the prevalence of obsessive-compulsive symptoms, we evaluated 69 outpatients with panic disorder. We found a 30% prevalence of obsessive-compulsive symptoms. The patients with obsessive-compulsive symptoms had an earlier onset of illness and were more likely to have current and past major depression than the other ones.

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16

den Braber, Anouk, Dennis van ‘t Ent, Danielle C. Cath, Dick J. Veltman, Dorret I. Boomsma, and Eco J. C. de Geus. "Brain Activation During Response Interference in Twins Discordant or Concordant for Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms." Twin Research and Human Genetics 15, no. 3 (June 2012): 372–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/thg.2012.2.

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One of the core behavioral features associated with obsessive compulsive symptomatology is the inability to inhibit thoughts and/or behaviors. Neuroimaging studies have indicated abnormalities in frontostriatal and dorsolateral prefrontal – anterior cingulate circuits during inhibitory control in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder compared with controls. In the present study, task performance and brain activation during Stroop color-word and Flanker interference were compared within monozygotic twin pairs discordant for obsessive compulsive symptoms and between groups of pairs scoring very low or very high on obsessive compulsive symptoms, in order to examine the differential impact of non-shared environmental versus genetic risk factors for obsessive compulsive symptomatology on inhibitory control related functional brain activation. Although performance was intact, brain activation during inhibition of distracting information differed between obsessive compulsive symptom high-scoring compared to low-scoring subjects. Regions affected in the discordant group (e.g., temporal and anterior cingulate gyrus) were partly different from those observed to be affected in the concordant groups (e.g., parietal gyrus and thalamus). A robust increase in dorsolateral prefrontal activity during response interference was observed in both the high-scoring twins of the discordant sample and the high-scoring twins of the concordant sample, marking this structure as a possible key region for disturbances in inhibitory control in obsessive compulsive disorder.

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Einstein, Danielle A., and Ross G. Menzies. "Does Magical Thinking Improve Across Treatment For Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder?" Behaviour Change 25, no. 3 (September 1, 2008): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/bech.25.3.149.

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AbstractThe present study investigated whether MI is a mechanism for change in the treatment of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). The Magical Ideation scale (MI), the Obsessive–Compulsive Inventory — Short Version (OCI-SV) and the Padua Inventory were completed by 34 obsessive–compulsive patients pre- and post cognitive–behavioural treatment. Treatment did not target magical styles of thinking. Significant improvements on all three measures of obsessive–compulsive symptoms were demonstrated by t tests over the course of treatment. Improvement in magical thinking was also shown to be significant in t test results. In support of the hypothesis, correlations between MI improvement and improvement on the obsessive–compulsive symptom scales were significant (at a level of .05) suggesting that there is an association between improvement in magical thinking and improvement in obsessive–compulsive symptoms. Notably, a significant negative correlation was obtained between prescores on MI and change scores on the OCD measures. This suggests that high levels of MI are associated with high levels of treatment intractability. High MI appears to be a poor prognostic factor in OCD.

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18

Santore, Lee A., Alan Gerber, Ayla N. Gioia, Rebecca Bianchi, Fanny Talledo, Tara S. Peris, and Matthew D. Lerner. "Felt but not seen: Observed restricted repetitive behaviors are associated with self-report—but not parent-report—obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms in youth with autism spectrum disorder." Autism 24, no. 4 (March 13, 2020): 983–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361320909177.

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Repetitive behaviors are observed in autism spectrum disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Clinically, obsessive-compulsive disorder obsessions are thought to drive repetitive or ritualistic behavior designed to neutralize subjective distress, while restricted and repetitive behaviors are theorized to be reward- or sensory-driven. Both behaviors are notably heterogeneous and often assessed with parent- or clinician-report, highlighting the need for multi-informant, multi-method approaches. We evaluated the relationship between parent- and child self-reported obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms with parent-reported and clinician-indexed restricted and repetitive behaviors among 92 youth with autism spectrum disorder (ages 7–17 years). Regression analyses controlling for the social communication and interaction component of parent-reported autism spectrum disorder symptoms indicated child self-reported, but not parent-reported, symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder were associated with clinician-observed restricted and repetitive behaviors. Although both parent- and child self-reported obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms were associated with parent-reported restricted and repetitive behaviors, the overlap between parent-reports of obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms and restricted and repetitive behaviors were likely driven by their shared method of parent-reported measurement. Results suggest that children experience restricted and repetitive behaviors in ways that more closely resemble traditional obsessive-compulsive disorder-like compulsions, whereas their parents view such behaviors as symptoms of autism spectrum disorder. These findings provide guidance for better understanding, distinguishing, and ultimately treating obsessive-compulsive disorder behavior in youth with autism spectrum disorder and introduce new conceptualizations of the phenotypic overlap between these conditions. Lay abstract Youth with autism spectrum disorder often exhibit symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder; however, it can be difficult for parents and clinicians to tell the difference between the restricted and repetitive behaviors often seen in autism spectrum disorder and symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder. This difficulty in distinguishing symptoms may arise from the fact that these symptoms appear the same to observers but are typically differentiated based on whether the motivation for the behavior is to reduce stress (restricted and repetitive behaviors) or whether the behavior itself is stressful (obsessive-compulsive disorder). It is important to know the difference between these two symptoms as it may impact the treatment prescribed. The goal of this study was to better determine the difference between restricted and repetitive behaviors and symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder in youth with autism spectrum disorder. It was found that although parents and clinicians had trouble differentiating between the two, the children were able to provide insight as to their own motivations for behavior, and thus whether they were restricted and repetitive behaviors or symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder. It was also found that children may actually have subjective negative experiences when engaging in restricted and repetitive behaviors, which complicates their classification. These results provide guidance for better understanding, distinguishing, and ultimately treating obsessive-compulsive disorder behavior in youth with autism spectrum disorder.

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Mahendran, Rathi. "Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms With Risperidone." Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 60, no. 4 (April 15, 1999): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.4088/jcp.v60n0412b.

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20

Huang, Ming-Chyi, Chun Lin, and Hu-Ming Chang. "Aripiprazole-induced obsessive-compulsive symptoms." Taiwanese Journal of Psychiatry 34, no. 1 (2020): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/tpsy.tpsy_34_19.

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21

Stamouli, Sophia, and Lefteris Lykouras. "Quetiapine-induced Obsessive-compulsive Symptoms." Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 26, no. 4 (August 2006): 396–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.jcp.0000227809.60664.6d.

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22

Werner, Arnold. "Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms in Schizophrenia." American Journal of Psychiatry 154, no. 11 (November 1997): 1635. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ajp.154.11.1635.

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23

El-Shiekh, Hussein E., Victor S. Michail, Hisham M. Al-Said, and Mona Abd El-Naeem Ramadan. "Obsessive compulsive symptoms in schizophrenia." Middle East Current Psychiatry 24, no. 4 (October 2017): 174–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.xme.0000520119.07572.48.

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24

McDougle, Christopher J., C. Neill Epperson, and Lawrence H. Price. "OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE SYMPTOMS WITH NEUROLEPTICS." Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 35, no. 7 (July 1996): 837. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199607000-00001.

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Toren, Paz, Eliahu Samuel, Ronit Weizman, Abigail Golomb, Sofia Eldar, and Nathaniel Laor. "OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE SYMPTOMS WITH NEUROLEPTICS." Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 35, no. 7 (July 1996): 837–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199607000-00002.

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Frost, Randy O., Meredith S. Krause, and Gail Steketee. "Hoarding and Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms." Behavior Modification 20, no. 1 (January 1996): 116–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01454455960201006.

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27

REMINGTON, GARY, and MARTHA ADAMS. "Risperidone and Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms." Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 14, no. 5 (October 1994): 358. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004714-199410000-00014.

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28

Iruela, Luis M. "Risperidone and Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms." Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 16, no. 1 (February 1996): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004714-199602000-00019.

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Joiner, Thomas E., and Natalie Sachs-Ericsson. "Territoriality and obsessive-compulsive symptoms." Journal of Anxiety Disorders 15, no. 6 (November 2001): 471–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0887-6185(01)00077-9.

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30

MacCabe, James H., and Michael Travis. "Clozapine-induced obsessive-compulsive symptoms." Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry 28, no. 7 (November 2004): 1209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2004.06.002.

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Lykouras, Lefteris, Ioannis M. Zervas, Rossetos Gournellis, Meni Malliori, and Andreas Rabavilas. "Olanzapine and obsessive–compulsive symptoms." European Neuropsychopharmacology 10, no. 5 (September 2000): 385–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-977x(00)00096-1.

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Fabisch, Karin, Hans Fabisch, Gernot Langs, Gerhard Wieselmann, and Hans Georg Zapotoczky. "Obsessive-compulsive symptoms in schizophrenia." Schizophrenia Research 24, no. 1-2 (January 1997): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-9964(97)82037-3.

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Bloemen, I. F., S. Tuinier, and W. Verbeeck. "Obsessive compulsive symptoms in autism." European Psychiatry 23 (April 2008): S401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2008.01.1389.

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Koizumi, Hisako M. "Obsessive-compulsive symptoms following stimulants." Biological Psychiatry 20, no. 12 (December 1985): 1332–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-3223(85)90120-9.

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SCHWARTZ, MICHAEL ALAN. "Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms in Schizophrenia." American Journal of Psychiatry 143, no. 10 (October 1986): 1323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ajp.143.10.1323.

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Alevizos, Basil, Charalambos Papageorgiou, and George N. Christodoulou. "Obsessive–compulsive symptoms with olanzapine." International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology 7, no. 3 (September 2004): 375–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1461145704004456.

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Dursun, Sedar M., and Michael A. Reveley. "Obsessive–compulsive symptoms and clozapine." British Journal of Psychiatry 165, no. 2 (August 1994): 267–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.165.2.267.

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Buckley, Peter F., and S. Charles Schulz. "Obsessive–compulsive symptoms and clozapine." British Journal of Psychiatry 165, no. 3 (September 1994): 408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.165.3.408a.

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Rice, Kenneth G., and Steven L. Pence. "Perfectionism and Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms." Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment 28, no. 2 (June 2006): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10862-006-7488-4.

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Andrade, Chittaranjan, Sagar Garag, Jayant Mahadevan, and Naga V. S. S. Gorthi. "Obsessive-compulsive symptoms in schizophrenia." Asian Journal of Psychiatry 40 (February 2019): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2019.01.008.

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Samuels, Jack, Gerald Nestadt, Paula Wolyniec, Lawrence Adler, Kung-Yee Liang, and AnnE Pulver. "Obsessive-compulsive symptoms in schizophrenia." Schizophrenia Research 9, no. 2-3 (April 1993): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0920-9964(93)90238-e.

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Chacon, Priscila, Maria Conceição Rosario-Campos, David L. Pauls, Ana Gabriela Hounie, Mariana Curi, Fernando Akkerman, Fabiana Harumi Shimabokuro, et al. "Obsessive–compulsive symptoms in sibling pairs concordant for obsessive–compulsive disorder." American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics 144B, no. 4 (2007): 551–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.b.30457.

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Guarda, Angela S., Janet Treasure, and Mary M. Robertson. "Eating Disorders and Tourette Syndrome: A Case Series of Comorbidity and Associated Obsessive-Compulsive Symptomatology." CNS Spectrums 4, no. 2 (February 1999): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s109285290001141x.

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AbstractThere is a well-established overlap in phenomenology between anorexia nervosa and obsessive-compulsive disorder, and between obsessive-compulsive symptoms and Tourette syndrome (TS). Five cases of eating disorders in patients with obsessive-compulsive symptoms and TS are presented. The identification of four similar cases in the literature putatively marks a subset of eating disorders with a link to TS and to obsessive-compulsive symptomatology. This association may reflect a common underlying neurobiologic imbalance.

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Cath, D. C., B. J. M. van de Wetering, T. C. A. M. van Woerkom, C. A. L. Hoogduin, R. A. C. Roos, and H. G. M. Rooijmans. "Mental Play in Gilles de la Tourette's Syndrome and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder." British Journal of Psychiatry 161, no. 4 (October 1992): 542–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.161.4.542.

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A new phenomenon, found only in Gilles de la Tourette (GTS) patients, and which we have called ‘mental play’, is described. It was compared with the phenomenon of counting, which occurred in both GTS and obsessive-compulsive patients. In the GTS patients both mental play and counting were best characterised as playful impulsions. In contrast to the GTS patients, the counting of the obsessive-compulsive patients was in line with their obsessive-compulsive behaviour. These findings suggest that repetitive symptoms in GTS patients, even when they share superficial similarities with obsessive-compulsive symptoms, should not be diagnosed automatically as obsessive-compulsive.

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Algin, Sultana, S. M. Yasir Arafat, Sayedul Ashraf Kushal, Sumaiya Nausheen Ahmed, and Mohammad Waliul Hasnat Sajib. "Variation in obsessive-compulsive symptoms between children and adults." Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Journal 11, no. 2 (May 28, 2018): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bsmmuj.v11i2.36510.

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The complexity and diversity of clinical manifestations of obsessive-compulsive disorder have intrigued psychiatrists for a long time. Various differences have been noted in the presentation of obsessive-compulsive disorder of different age group. It was aimed to assess the variations of presentation of symptoms in children and adults in a tertiary level hospital. This study was done in an outpatient department from May 2015 to April 2017. Four hundred patients were included in the study consecutively after considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Respondents were interviewed with a semi-structured questionnaire which includes demographic variables, psychiatric diagnoses (DSM-IV-TR) and Y-BOCS symptom checklist. Obsessive-compulsive disorder started before adulthood in 41.5% of patients and onset after 18 years was found to be 58.5%. In this study, cases of obsessions, dirt and contamination was seen to predominate in both early- and late-onset obsessive compulsive disorder (68.3 and 71.4% respectively) and among the cases of compulsions, cleaning variety was found to be highest in both early- and late-onset (65.8 and 73.3% respectively). Age should be taken into account when evaluating obsessive compulsive disorder patients. The results suggest that more studies are necessary to determine whether in fact, it defines a homogeneous and particular group in obsessive-compulsive disorder.

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Grisham, J. R., M. A. Fullana, D. Mataix-Cols, T. E. Moffitt, A. Caspi, and R. Poulton. "Risk factors prospectively associated with adult obsessive–compulsive symptom dimensions and obsessive–compulsive disorder." Psychological Medicine 41, no. 12 (June 15, 2011): 2495–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291711000894.

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BackgroundVery few longitudinal studies have evaluated prospective neurodevelopmental and psychosocial risk factors for obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). Furthermore, despite the heterogeneous nature of OCD, no research has examined risk factors for its primary symptom dimensions, such as contamination/washing.MethodPotential risk factors for symptoms or diagnosis of OCD in adulthood and for specific adult obsessive–compulsive (OC) symptom dimensions were examined in the Dunedin Study birth cohort. The presence of obsessions and compulsions and psychological disorders was assessed using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) at ages 26 and 32 years. Individuals with a diagnosis of OCD at either age (n=36) were compared to both a healthy control group (n=613) and an anxious control group (n=310) to determine whether associations between a risk factor and an OCD diagnosis were specific.ResultsChildhood neurodevelopmental, behavioral, personality and environmental risk factors were associated with a diagnosis of OCD and with OC symptoms at ages 26 and 32. Social isolation, retrospectively reported physical abuse and negative emotionality were specific predictors of an adult OCD diagnosis. Of note, most risk factors were associated with OC symptoms in adulthood and several risk factors predicted specific OCD dimensions. Perinatal insults were linked to increased risk for symmetry/ordering and shameful thoughts dimensions, whereas poor childhood motor skills predicted the harm/checking dimension. Difficult temperament, internalizing symptoms and conduct problems in childhood also predicted specific symptom dimensions and lower IQ non-specifically predicted increased risk for most dimensions.ConclusionsThe current findings underscore the need for a dimensional approach in evaluating childhood risk factors for obsessions and compulsions.

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Suzuki, T. "Relationship between Two Aspects of Perfectionism and Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms." Psychological Reports 96, no. 2 (April 2005): 299–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.96.2.299-305.

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In this study was investigated the relationship between two aspects of perfectionism (Concern over Mistakes and Personal Standards) and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. College students (57 men and 193 women: M age = 19.5 yr., SD = 1.9) majoring in psychology were from introductory psychology classes and a psychological assessment practice class. They completed the Padua Inventory, which assesses obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and the subscales of Concern over Mistakes and Personal Standards of the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, which assess the tendency to be concerned about making mistakes and the tendency to set excessively high standards, respectively. Multiple regression analysis indicated that only the Concern over Mistakes scores predicted significantly all Padua Inventory subscale scores. Perhaps only being concerned over making mistakes may be associated with obsessive-compulsive symptoms. The tendency to set high standards was not strongly correlated with obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Further, the relationship between setting high standards and having obsessive-compulsive symptoms reported in previous studies may be spurious. Further work is required to untangle these associations.

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Wang, Xiaolong. "Influence Model of Analyzing the Effect of Mental Health Level Based on Big Data Mining System." Scientific Programming 2022 (June 28, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4710163.

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In order to explore the effect of big data mining system on analyzing mental health level, this paper proposes to influence model of analyzing the effect of mental health level based on big data mining system. Through continuous testing and analysis, the main symptom affecting students’ mental health is obsessive-compulsive disorder. Therefore, taking obsessive-compulsive disorder as the classification target to view the model, in this application, the factor of compulsion in students’ psychology occupies a relatively high proportion. Anxiety, interpersonal relationship, and paranoia have a great impact on goal attribute obsessive-compulsive disorder. The results showed that if the degree of anxiety = medium, there was a tendency of obsessive-compulsive disorder regardless of the degree of interpersonal relationship. If anxiety level = none, when paranoia level = [mild, moderate], obsessive-compulsive symptoms level = mild, and when paranoia level = none, it is related to interpersonal relationship and hostility. If the degree of paranoia = “severe” or “extremely severe”, the degree of obsessive-compulsive symptoms = none. If the degree of anxiety = light, there is a tendency of obsessive-compulsive disorder regardless of the degree of interpersonal relationship. If the degree of anxiety = severe, the degree of obsessive-compulsive symptoms = moderate. If the degree of depression = medium, the degree of anxiety = medium. If the degree of depression = none, when the degree of terror = medium, the degree of anxiety = light, and when the degree of terror = [none, light, heavy], there is almost no anxiety. If the degree of depression = mild and the degree of obsessive-compulsive symptoms = none, there is no anxiety tendency. If the degree of depression = severe, the degree of anxiety = severe. If the degree of depression = medium, the degree of interpersonal relationship = medium. If the degree of depression = none, when the degree of terror = light and there is psychosis, the degree of interpersonal relationship = light. If the degree of depression = mild and there is obsessive-compulsive disorder, there are problems in interpersonal relationship. The data analysis of mental health problems has been greatly improved, verifying the reliability of the application of data mining systems in mental health evaluation systems.

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Rady, A., H. Salama, M. Hamza, and A. Ketat. "Cross sectional study of psychiatric comorbidities among adolescents with obsessive compulsive symptoms." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 566. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72273-8.

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BackgroundObsessive symptoms among children and adolescent age groups are increasing, an observation made by mental health professions working with this age group. Our epidemiological study is targeting secondary school students to estimate the prevalence of obsessive symptoms, obsessive compulsive disorder and to evaluate psychiatric comorbidities among students with obsessive compulsive symptoms.Materials and methodsThe study is a cross sectional carried on 1299 secondary school students, the sample size was chosen based on an estimated OCD prevalence of 2% in literature. Equal samples were recruited from the 3 educative zones in Alexandria Governorate. Obsessive compulsive symptoms were assessed by the Arabic version of Lyeton obsessive inventory child version LOI-CV. Students scoring above 35 were subjected to the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for children MINI-KID Arabic version to assess psychiatric comorbidities. OCD patient students detected by MINI-KID were assessed by psychiatric interview to confirm fulfilling criteria of OCD according to DSM IV - TR criteria.ResultsThe sample was equally distributed according to gender with 51.7% and 48.3% of males and females respectively. The prevalence of obsessive compulsive symptoms was 15.5%, while that of obsessive compulsive disorder was 2.2%. Comorbidity with other psychiatric disorders was high for substance abuse 18.9%, Dysthymia 16.4%, social phobia 15.9%, Major depression 13.9%, Generalized anxiety disorder 12.9%.ConclusionThe prevalence of obsessive compulsive symptoms is high among adolescent age group, there is high Comorbidity between obsessive symptoms and psychiatric disorders particularly substance abuse, mood disorders and non OCD Anxiety spectrum disorders.

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우충환, Seok-Man Kwon, and 신민섭. "Are Obsessive Beliefs Specific to Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms?" Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology 29, no. 1 (February 2010): 35–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15842/kjcp.2010.29.1.003.

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