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Hemberger, Helga Christine. "The neuropsychology of obsessive-compulsive symptoms." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1902.
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Obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms occur in a variety of clinical conditions, but the underlying pathogenesis of these symptoms remains elusive. Few neuropsychological investigations have compared idiopathic Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) with patient groups where OC symptoms are acquired. The present study investigated the neuropsychological correlates of OC symptoms in OCD and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), a neurodegenerative illness in which OC symptoms are often acquired. Neuroimaging in OCD has consistently implicated the frontal-striatal-thalamic circuit, particularly the orbitofrontal cortex and basal ganglia. These areas overlap considerably with the sites of cerebral pathology found in FTD. OCD has been associated with a number of neuropsychological deficits, with most consistent findings pointing towards impaired executive function (EF), and less commonly reported deficits in visual memory and visuospatial ability. The neuropsychological hallmark of FTD is deficits in EF. However in both OCD and FTD, the relationship between cognitive deficits and OC symptoms remains unclear. Further, the extent to which OC symptoms are comparable between the groups is ambiguous. Part I of the present study compared 19 OCD subjects to 20 age, education and IQ-matched healthy controls on a battery of neuropsychological tests of all major cognitive domains with emphasis on EF. A measure of Theory of Mind (ToM) thought to be sensitive to orbitofrontal function was also administered. OCD subjects performed worse than controls on a measure of visual memory, visuospatial reasoning and on only one measure of EF. OCD symptom subtypes, as measured by the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (OCI), were not correlated with any cognitive deficits. No group differences in ToM were found. It is suggested that prior research has overestimated the severity and significance of EF deficits in OCD. Part II of the study compared 9 FTD participants with 10 matched healthy controls on the same neuropsychological test battery and OC symptom measures. In addition, a measure of compulsive behaviours used in neurological populations was administered to carers. While the incidence of OC symptoms was comparable to reports in previous studies (78%), the OCI was not sensitive in the detection of OC symptoms in FTD. The similarities and differences in OC symptoms between the two patient groups are discussed.
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Hemberger, Helga Christine. "The neuropsychology of obsessive-compulsive symptoms." University of Sydney, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1902.
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Doctor of Clinical PsychologyObsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms occur in a variety of clinical conditions, but the underlying pathogenesis of these symptoms remains elusive. Few neuropsychological investigations have compared idiopathic Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) with patient groups where OC symptoms are acquired. The present study investigated the neuropsychological correlates of OC symptoms in OCD and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), a neurodegenerative illness in which OC symptoms are often acquired. Neuroimaging in OCD has consistently implicated the frontal-striatal-thalamic circuit, particularly the orbitofrontal cortex and basal ganglia. These areas overlap considerably with the sites of cerebral pathology found in FTD. OCD has been associated with a number of neuropsychological deficits, with most consistent findings pointing towards impaired executive function (EF), and less commonly reported deficits in visual memory and visuospatial ability. The neuropsychological hallmark of FTD is deficits in EF. However in both OCD and FTD, the relationship between cognitive deficits and OC symptoms remains unclear. Further, the extent to which OC symptoms are comparable between the groups is ambiguous. Part I of the present study compared 19 OCD subjects to 20 age, education and IQ-matched healthy controls on a battery of neuropsychological tests of all major cognitive domains with emphasis on EF. A measure of Theory of Mind (ToM) thought to be sensitive to orbitofrontal function was also administered. OCD subjects performed worse than controls on a measure of visual memory, visuospatial reasoning and on only one measure of EF. OCD symptom subtypes, as measured by the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (OCI), were not correlated with any cognitive deficits. No group differences in ToM were found. It is suggested that prior research has overestimated the severity and significance of EF deficits in OCD. Part II of the study compared 9 FTD participants with 10 matched healthy controls on the same neuropsychological test battery and OC symptom measures. In addition, a measure of compulsive behaviours used in neurological populations was administered to carers. While the incidence of OC symptoms was comparable to reports in previous studies (78%), the OCI was not sensitive in the detection of OC symptoms in FTD. The similarities and differences in OC symptoms between the two patient groups are discussed.
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Brakoulias, Vlasios. "Symptom-based subtypes of obsessive-compulsive disorder." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/8861.
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Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is heterogeneous in its presentation and quests to clarify the best way to subtype OCD have remained elusive. This thesis aims to assess for symptom-based OCD subtypes in a sample of patients with OCD and to describe the characteristics of these OCD symptom subtypes. The methods used include principal components analysis of the results of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Scale – Symptom Checklist (YBOCS-SC) and the Vancouver Obsessional Compulsive Inventory (VOCI) self report obtained from a sample of 154 subjects with a primary diagnosis of OCD. Five symptom factors explained 67.9% of the variance. They were named: 1) hoarding; 2) contamination/cleaning; 3) symmetry/ordering; 4) unacceptable/taboo thoughts; and 5) doubt/checking. These factors were used as predictors of a number of systematically chosen characteristics and were subject to regression analyses. Results indicated that different OCD symptoms predicted different phenomenological characteristics, degrees of comorbidity, and different cognitive and emotional correlates. Results also indicate that psychological forms of therapy should be tailored to the patient’s prominent OCD symptoms. The study supported 5 major symptom dimensions rather than four. In particular, it revealed significant differences between unacceptable/taboo thoughts and doubt/checking. The results encourage researchers using symptom-based subtypes to continue their efforts with the hope of improving our understanding of the aetiology of these symptoms and the treatments that we provide patients with these symptoms.
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Suñol, Rodrigo Maria. "Brain correlates of obsessive-compulsive symptoms in healthy children." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671026.
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Esta tesis busca contribuir al estudio de los correlatos neurobiológicos de los síntomas obsesivos-compulsivos subclínicos (SOCS) con la esperanza de que sus hallazgos puedan ser eventualmente vinculados al desarrollo del trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo (TOC) y servir para identificar individuos vulnerables a desarrollarlo. Para ello, presentamos tres estudios realizados en una muestra de niños sanos, en los que utilizamos un enfoque multidimensional de los síntomas e implementamos distintas modalidades de neuroimagen, así como la combinación de datos de neuroimagen y genética, para aportar una visión integral de los factores que subyacen los SOCS. En el primer estudio, analizamos cambios volumétricos en la sustancia gris y blanca asociados a los SOCS y, en el segundo, evaluamos alteraciones de conectividad funcional asociadas a estos síntomas. En ambos, estudiamos el efecto de la edad y el sexo en dichas asociaciones. Finalmente, en el tercer estudio, identificamos nodos cerebrales en los que la conectividad funcional dinámica tiende a reverberar (atractores) y estudiamos su relación con los SOCS y su base genética.
Nuestros resultados vinculan los SOCS totales con alteraciones en el circuito cortico-estriato- talamo-cortical (CSTC), hecho que concuerda con el modelo neurobiológico del TOC, pero también en regiones límbicas fuera de este circuito. También observamos que diferentes síntomas se asocian a alteraciones neurobiológicas distintas, lo que coincide con el modelo multidimensional del trastorno. Además, encontramos que los cambios estructurales relacionados con los síntomas de orden eran específicos de niños menores de 10 años, mientras que los cambios estructurales y funcionales asociados con los síntomas de acumulación eran específicos de sujetos de más de 10 años, especialmente en niñas, lo que sugiere que estos grupos demográficos pueden ser especialmente vulnerables a desarrollar dichos síntomas. Finalmente, identificamos polimorfismos en los genes GRM7 y GNAQ, implicados en la modulación de la neurotransmisión glutamatérgica, y PARVA, asociado a la regulación del citoesqueleto de actina, que predisponen al aumento de la capacidad atractora del hipocampo, vinculada a los SOCS totales. Del mismo modo, hallamos polimorfismos en los genes ATP1B1 y TESC, implicados en el mantenimiento de gradientes electroquímicos, que predisponen y protegen, respectivamente, al aumento de las propiedades atractoras del córtex parietal superior, relacionadas con los síntomas de orden.Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by the presence of intrusive thoughts that cause anxiety (obsessions) and lead to repetitive behaviors or mental acts aimed at reducing this anxiety (compulsions). Although OCD has been associated with alterations in the cortico-striato- thalamo-cortical (CSTC) circuits, the clinical heterogeneity of the disorder makes its neurobiology difficult to investigate. Given that the evidence suggests that different OCD symptoms could arise from distinct neurobiological alterations, the use of the multidimensional model, which allows characterizing different symptom dimensions, could help define more homogeneous subgroups of patients and identify more robust endophenotypes. However, the studies that have used this approach have given heterogeneous findings, possibly due to differences between patients in terms of medication, chronicity, or comorbidities. Notably, epidemiological studies show that obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCSs) in childhood predispose to developing OCD in adulthood. Furthermore, the symptom profile observed in adulthood is consistent with the same symptom precursors in childhood. Therefore, OCSs could be studied in samples of healthy children from a dimensional perspective, thus avoiding the confounding factors typically observed in clinical samples. This thesis seeks to contribute to the study of the neurobiological correlates of OCSs in hopes that its findings may eventually be linked to the development of OCD and serve to characterize at-risk individuals. With that aim, we present three studies assessing a sample of healthy children, in which we use a multidimensional approach and implement different neuroimaging modalities and techniques, as well as the combination of neuroimaging and genetic data, to provide a comprehensive view of the factors underlying OCSs. In the first study, we analyzed volumetric changes in gray and white matter associated with total and dimensional OCSs whereas, in the second one, we evaluated functional connectivity alterations associated with total and dimensional OCSs. In both studies, we also assessed the effect of age and sex on these associations. In the third one, we identified brain nodes in which dynamic functional connectivity tends to reverberate (attractors) and we studied their relationship with total and dimensional OCSs. Furthermore, by combining neuroimaging and gene expression data, we identified genetic variants that moderated the relationship between OCSs and attractors. Our results link total OCSs with alterations in the CSTC circuit, which concurs with the prevailing neurobiological model of OCD, but also in limbic regions outside of this circuit. We also observed that different symptoms were associated with distinct neurobiological alterations: obsessing symptoms were related to alterations in limbic regions; doubt/checking symptoms were associated with changes in the ventral cognitive CSTC loop, the insula and regions mediating frontal processing; ordering symptoms were associated with alterations in the ventral cognitive and sensorimotor CSTC loops and the superior parietal cortex; hoarding symptoms were related to alterations in different CSTC loops, suggesting a larger CSTC alteration. Structural changes related to ordering symptoms were specific to boys under 10 years of age, whereas structural and functional changes associated with hoarding symptoms were specific to children over 10 years of age, especially to girls, which suggests that these demographic groups may be more susceptible to developing such symptoms. Finally, we identified polymorphisms in the GRM7 and GNAQ genes, involved in the modulation of glutamate neurotransmission, and in the PARVA gene, associated with the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, that predisposed to an increase in the attractor properties of the hippocampus, linked to total OCSs. We also found polymorphisms in the ATP1B1 and TESC genes, involved in the maintenance of electrochemical gradients, that predisposed and protected, respectively, to an increase in the attractor properties of the superior parietal cortex, related to ordering symptoms.
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Faull, Matthew. "The multi-dimensionality of obsessive beliefs and their association with obsessive-compulsive symptoms." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2002. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/106998/.
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The aim of this study was to examine the dimensionality of obsessive beliefs and their relationship to the varied symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Research and expert consensus has suggested that six belief domains are most relevant to OCD and suggest that these domains are closely related. In the first study 136 student participants completed measures of belief domains, OCD symptoms, and anxiety and depression. Correlation and principal component analysis suggested that belief domains were not in fact distinct. A partial correlation analysis demonstrated that summed scores of all the obsessive belief domains were significantly related to all measured OCD symptom subtypes, with the effects of anxiety and depression partialled out. Obsessive belief was most related to obsession symptoms and least to washing and neutralising symptoms. Potential clinical implications are suggested. Recently another belief construct concerning the ego-dystonic nature of intrusive thoughts has been implicated in the development and maintenance of OCD. The second study therefore attempted to determine the psychometric properties of the first available measure of this construct. 116 student participants completed this measure. Principal components analysis was used to replicate findings of an initial validation study with a student sample conducted by the authors of the scale. The analysis confirmed that ego-dystonic beliefs had four dimensions that could be characterised as Implication of Thoughts for Personality, Inconsistency of Thoughts with Morality, Dislike of Thoughts and Irrationality of Thoughts. Clinical and theoretical issues arising from both studies are discussed.
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Gorrill, Lindsay. "Belief domains in obsessive compulsive disorder : the relationship between inflated responsibility and danger expectancies, and obsessive compulsive symptoms." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2007. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/742/.
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Li, Yiu-bun, and 李耀斌. "Comorbid obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCSs) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in patients with schizophrenia treated with clozapine or haloperidol." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/200383.
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Aims: A case-control study is done aiming(i)to explore the prevalence of OCSs and OCD among patients with Schizophrenia treated with Clozapine(Target group)in comparison with those treated with Haloperidol(Control group), (ii) to identify the associative factors in relationship with OCSs and OCD in Schizophrenia patients treated with Clozapine in comparison with Haloperidol , (iii)to find out predictors for the increase of OCSs and OCD among patients treated with Clozapine in comparison with Haloperidol. All these information may contribute to the understanding of the underlying etiology of OCSs and OCD.
Method: Sample is comprised with patients aged 18-65 who meet the diagnostic criteria of Schizophrenia-spectrum disorder based on ICD 10 and retrieval of medical records. A total of 120 patients, comprising 30 males and 30 females patients currently prescribed with Clozapine(Target group)whereas30 male and 30 female patients are currently prescribed with Haloperidol (Control group)were identified from the Schizophrenia outpatient clinic in the same hospital. Both groups will be matched with gender. Obsessive compulsive symptoms were measured with the Chinese version of Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale to rate the severity of the symptoms. The severity of Schizophrenia symptoms was rated by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, and the Clinical Global Impression was used to measure severity symptoms in general. The social functioning of patient was rated by The Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale(SOFAS). A clinical interview questionnaire was developed to determine the social and demographic characteristics, as well as other clinical features of the disorder. It included patient’s age, frequency of hospitalisation, age of onset and duration of Schizophrenia, age of onset and duration of OCSs and OCD and age of first hospitalisation, Duration of Untreated Psychosis (DUP) and current antipsychotic medication dosage( Chlorpromazine equivalent dose).
Results: From the 120 patients identified and approached, 96 (80%) patients (48 male and 48 female patients) were consented for the study. The current study found that among those prescribed with Clozapine (Target group), there were 26.5% comorbid with OCSs and OCD, whereas none patients reported OCSs and OCD among the Haloperidol Control group.
Patients with OCSs and OCD were significantly correlated with PANSS Positive Syndrome Score and PANSS Total Syndrome Score factors analysis by the N Par test of Mann-Whitney U, Wilcoxon W and Z score for Asymp.
Using correlations test analysis, the most significantly factors to OCSs and OCD are Clozapine (Target group), PANSS Positive Syndrome Score and PANSS Total Syndrome Score.
Result showed that those three factors cannot be the prediction of OCSs and OCD from the Binary logistic regression analysis.published_or_final_version
Psychological Medicine
Master
Master of Psychological Medicine
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Gwilliam, Petra Deanna. "An investigation into the cognitive predictors of obsessive-compulsive symptoms." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.605792.
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A number of theoretical perspectives have been taken in the development of cognitive models of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Three cognitive models dominate the current literature. These models focus upon: inflated responsibility (Salkovskis, 1985); thought-action fusion (Rachman, 1993); and meta-cognitive beliefs (Wells and Matthews, 1994; Wells, 2000). The aims of this study were to develop a measure of meta-cognition for obsessive compulsive symptoms (the Thought-Fusion Instrument) based on the Wells (2000) domains of meta-cognition, and to establish its preliminary psychometric properties. The research also aimed at examining the association between cognitive factors and obsessive-compulsive symptoms, as a means of evaluating the cognitive models of OCD. In particular, the ability of inflated responsibility and meta-cognitions to predict obsessive-compulsive symptoms was tested. It was hypothesised that responsibility and specific meta-cognitive beliefs would be positively correlated with obsessive-compulsive symptoms. It was also hypothesised that the relationship between responsibility and obsessivecompulsive symptoms would be statistically dependent on meta-cognition. Furthermore, meta-cognitions would correlate with obsessive-compulsive symptoms independently of responsibility. The results demonstrated adequate reliability and validity for the Thought-Fusion Instrument (TFI). All of the hypotheses were supported. The results showed that both responsibility and meta-cognitions were positively associated with obsessive compulsive symptoms. Meta-cognitions emerged as independent predictors of such symptoms whereas responsibility did not. These findings and their clinical implications are discussed in the context of the three theoretical models described. The limitations of the present research are outlined, along with suggestions for future studies.
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Kinkel-Ram, Shruti Shankar. "Examining Weekly Relationships Between Obsessive-Compulsive and Eating Disorder Symptoms." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1614863877192071.
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Hale, Lucy. "Relational accommodation of obsessive compulsive symptoms : the role of distress tolerance." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.600135.
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Background: Accommodation of symptoms related to obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is common and has been associated with greater OCD symptom severity. in addition to poorer treatment outcome. Levels of accommodation also seem to be associated with family/carer mental health. However, not all families/carers accommodate the OCD symptoms to the same degree and it remains unclear as to why this variability in levels of accommodation exists. Aims: This study examines a theoretical model that suggests accommodating behaviours mediate the relationship between distress tolerance (more specifically, intolerance of uncertainty (IU) and tolerance of negative emotions; TNE) in a significant other living with someone with OCD and OCD symptom severity. Method: Thirty two adults experiencing symptoms of OCD and someone who lived with them completed a survey comprising of screening questions, demographic information and self-report questionnaires (total N=64). Results: The mediation analysis found that the 95% confidence intervals crossed zero, showing that levels of relational accommodation did not significantly mediate the relationship between IU or TNE in the significant other and OCD symptom severity. Furthermore, IV and TNE did not significantly predict levels of accommodation to the OCD symptoms. Levels of accommodation predicted OCD symptom severity (p<.05), but this did not remain significant when controlling for mental health in the significant other living with someone with OCD.
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Van, Kirk Nathaniel Peter. "Obsessive Compulsive Self-Syntonicity of Symptoms Scale: Development, Reliability and Validity." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32963.
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One of the difficulties encountered by therapists working with individuals with obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms/disorder is the resistance of OC symptoms to change. A factor that may affect the prognosis for such individuals is the extent to which their symptoms result in positive or negative functional consequences. The current study describes the development, reliability, and validity of a new scale â the Obsessive Compulsive Self-Syntonicity of Symptoms Scale (OCSSSS) - that measures the positive and negative functional consequences of OC symptoms. Items were generated by the principal investigator and major professor after examining the research literature for OC and related disorders. Fifty-four items were generated, which yielded a robust, seven component structure through principal components analysis. Items were rated on a 1-5 Likert scale (1=extremely inconsistent - 5=extremely consistent) with an option of â not applicableâ (coded as â 0â ). Higher scores on the OCSSSS indicated more perceived functional consequences of OC symptoms in an individualâ s daily life. The sample consisted of 634 students, who responded to an advertisement describing general examples of OC symptoms and who completed several measures online, including: 1) Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale, Self Report (Y-BOCS-SR); 2)Obsessive Compulsive Inventory Revised (OCI-R); 3) University of Rhode Island Change Assessment (URICA); 4) self-report of frequency of prior/current therapy; evaluation of the effectiveness of prior therapy; evaluation of the expected effectiveness of future therapy; and willingness to participate in future therapy; and 5) social/work adjustment. The OCSSSS was reliable and most items correlated with total score. The OCSSSSâ s total score and individual component scores were correlated with symptom severity, symptom type, subjective evaluations of treatment experiences, willingness to participate in treatment, avoidance, work and social adjustment, and stage of change. Regression analyses indicated the OCSSSS significantly predicts stage of change, controlling for symptom severity.Master of Science
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Calkins, Amanda W. "Effects of a neurobehavioral intervention for depressive and obsessive-compulsive symptoms." Thesis, Boston University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/12722.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston University
PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.Novel neurobehavioral interventions have been increasingly used to address attention, memory, and executive functioning in mood and anxiety disorders. One such intervention, Cognitive Control Training (CCT), was developed to improve cognitive control and attentional abilities. CCT has shown promise as an intervention in severely depressed patients, with improvement in depression and rumination symptoms. The current series of experimental studies was designed to examine the bounds of the effects of CCT on mood and cognition, in comparison to a control condition: peripheral vision task (PVT), targeting visual rather than cognitive control. Appropriate to CCT's development as an intervention for emotional disorders, two studies included two diagnostic groups--one with high depression symptoms and one with high obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms--and examined the effects ofthree sessions of CCT or PVT (with 48 participants in study 1 and study 2 randomized to one of the training conditions) on symptom outcome measures. The third study, with the OC group (n = 22), looked at the effect of CCT on a related biological variable, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The hypotheses were that relative to PVT, engaging in three sessions of CCT would be associated with greater decreased negative mood in the first study, greater reduction in OC symptoms in the second study, and greater increases in BDNF levels in the third study. The results partially supported these hypotheses. In the first study, significant large effect sizes favoring CCT over PVT were found for symptoms of depression (d = 0.73, p < 0.05), indicating CCT was effective in reducing negative mood. In the second study, there was no significant difference between groups on the primary outcome measure; CCT was ineffective in reducing OC symptoms. Nonetheless, some support for mood effects for CCT was provided by significant differences in affect scores. In the third study, there were no group differences in BDNF, but within the CCT group (only) there was a correlation of decreased depressed mood and increased BDNF levels. Overall, these studies indicate that CCT has more reliable effects on mood outcomes than on OC symptoms; further application of CCT for mood disorders is encouraged.
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Pietrefesa, Ashley Sara. "Exploring the relationship of incompleteness and harm avoidance with obsessive-compulsive symptoms and perfectionism." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2006.
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Richmond, Erica. "Responsibility attitudes and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in young people and their parents." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.396733.
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Bakes, Elisabeth. "The relationship between mindfulness and obsessive compulsive symptoms in a community sample." Thesis, University of Essex, 2015. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/15378/.
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Background Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a complex, heterogeneous condition which can result in many psychological, behavioural and emotional difficulties, negatively impacting on quality of life. Current recommended treatments are not well tolerated and/or have limited success, for some service users. Therefore, other therapeutic options have been explored. Although the burgeoning experimental and clinical research has demonstrated promising outcomes for mindfulness-based interventions, a relationship between mindfulness and obsessive-compulsive symptoms, has yet to be established. Method The relationship between mindfulness and obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms was investigated in a community sample (N = 164) using an internet-based survey containing self-report measures of mindfulness and OCD. Participants were recruited through word of mouth, web-site research pages, and snowball sampling. The potential roles of age, prior mindfulness experience, anxiety and depression were also investigated. Results A significant negative relationship was found between mindfulness and OC symptoms. Anxiety and depression were positively and significantly associated with OC symptoms, and were found to mediate the relationship between mindfulness and OC symptoms. A significant negative relationship was found between age and OC symptoms. Age was found to be significantly positively associated with mindfulness. A non-judging approach to inner experiences demonstrated the greatest negative association with OC symptoms, compared with other facets of mindfulness. The mindfulness facet of observing made a small positive predictive contribution towards OC scores, in a mindfulness multi-facet – OC symptom regression model. Conclusions The results from this study offer support for mindfulness-based interventions for OCD. Although most mindfulness facets were associated with reduced OC symptoms, observing was associated with increased OC symptom level. Clinicians using mindfulness-based OCD treatments should therefore be aware of, and review the suitability of the specific mindfulness components contained within any mindfulness-based intervention programme.
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Conway-Williams, Elizabeth. "Forgiveness Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms and Locus of Control in a College Sample." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1339.
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Although forgiveness has been associated with reduced anxiety in several studies, and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder is an anxiety disorder, the potential association between forgiveness and obsessive-compulsiveness has been generally unexplored. The current study examined the association between three dimensions of forgiveness and obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms as mediated by locus of control (LOC) in a college student sample (N = 241). Forgiveness of self (FS) and of others, but not feeling forgiven by God, were associated with overall OC symptoms and with a majority of symptom subscales. LOC was limited in its role as a mediator that was restricted to associations with FS. Furthermore, LOC-Chance was the only dimension found to be a specific mediator, as control attributed internally and to powerful others did not mediate any of the forgiveness-OC associations. These findings are discussed in the context of both past and future research related to forgiveness, obsessive-compulsiveness, and control constructs.
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Shulman, Amanda Jane. "The phenomenology of intrusive thoughts and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in the postnatal period." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.604565.
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The postnatal period has long been associated with emotional and mood disturbance. While postnatal depression and psychosis have been well documented, anxiety disorders such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are less so. The postnatal period is a high-risk time for the development/exacerbation of OCD (PNOCD) and is characterised by aggressive intrusions about the baby. Aggressive intrusions have also been found in the non-clinical postnatal population and in mothers with postnatal depression (PND). Dysfunctional responsibility beliefs have been implicated in the development of OCD. This research seeks compare PNOCD, PND and non-clinical mothers in terms of intrusive thoughts and responsibility beliefs in order to improve differential diagnosis and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OC). It is hypothesised that mothers with PNOCD have inflated responsibility compared to the other two groups. In this study, three groups of mothers with PNOCD, PND and a non-clinical group were compared across measures of baby-related intrusions, behavioural responses, responsibility attitudes, beliefs, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Results showed that all mothers had intrusions of accidental or deliberate harm in relation to their baby. Mothers with PNOCD were the most distressed by their intrusions. All mothers showed an increase in responsibility beliefs in the postnatal period compared to previous research. Mothers in both clinical groups scored significantly higher than the non-clinical group. Significant differences between mothers with PNOCD and PND were not found . Despite high levels of responsibility beliefs, this did not predict OC symptoms. Intrusions of harm are common in the postnatal period; however, responsibility attitudes and interpretations do not clearly differentiate mothers with PNOCD from mothers with postnatal depression. Findings suggest that a complex relationship exists between mood and QC symptoms. Perhaps a broader conception of postnatal illness, taking into account anxiety, depression and QC symptoms would be a more helpful approach to diagnosis and treatment.
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Francazio, Sarah K. "THE EFFECTS OF AN INTENSIVE COGNITIVE REMEDIATION PROGRAM ON OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE SYMPTOMS IN A COLLEGE STUDENT SAMPLE." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1530984215563583.
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Mayerovitch, Jamie Isaac. "Treatment seeking for obsessive-compulsive disorder, role of OCD symptoms and comorbid psychiatric diagnoses." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0034/MQ64406.pdf.
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Francazio, Sarah K. "Examining Cognitive Flexibility in Young Adults with Symptoms of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Problems." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1402679890.
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Dalfen, Samara. "Change in dysfunctional beliefs and symptoms during cognitive behavior therapy for resistant obsessive compulsive disorder." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=80248.
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A central question in the field of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is the role of symptom-related dysfunctional beliefs thought to underlie symptoms. This study examines change in symptoms and related dysfunctional beliefs during Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) with 32 previously treatment resistant OCD patients. Three questions were examined: (a) What is the relationship between dysfunctional beliefs and symptoms at pre-treatment; (b) How much change occurs in symptoms, and related beliefs, during specialized CBT; and (c) What is the relationship between change in cognitive and symptom variables. On average, symptoms and related beliefs of symptomatic-responders resolved to within normal limits following treatment. Beliefs of patients whose symptoms did not improve remained unchanged. Pre-treatment strength of overestimation of threat and response to unpredictability were significant predictors of symptomatic improvement. Change in overcontrol of intrusive thoughts and overestimation of threat significantly predicted change in symptoms. Theoretical and treatment implications of the findings are discussed.
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Middleton, Stella Elaine. "Do punitive ostracism experiences add to our understanding of obsessive compulsive beliefs and their relationship to obsessive compulsive symptoms? : an exploratory study and pilot of a new measure." Thesis, University of Hull, 2011. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:5286.
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This study makes a case for a biopsychosocial model of OCD that draws together fragmented bodies of evidence and understandings from different academic fields. Evidence for biological and psychological contributions to the aetiology and maintenance of the disorder are reviewed with particular attention to the cognitive appraisal model. The cognitive model does not fully explain the high inter-relationships between OCD-related belief domains or why collectively they have specificity for predicting OCD over and above other disorders, implying that another variable may underlie these domains. The traditional conceptualisation of cognition may benefit from being broadened to encompass biological and social aspects. Ostracism research, neuroscientific evidence, evolutionary theory and psycho-linguistic theory (specifically dialogism theory, which conceptualises thinking as dialogue between internalised "voices") may cast further light on a common domain contributing to different OCD-relevant beliefs. The term "punitive ostracism experiences" (POE) is coined to describe a variable that may form this common domain. POE consists of memories of non-contingent punitive ostracism in childhood; unforgiving self-to-self relating; and social information processing bias reflected in attributions of ostracism intent in ambiguous situations. POE was operationalized using existing and adapted measures and a new intent attributions measure which was constructed for the purposes of this study. The constituent variables of POE were hypothesised to contribute to the variance of obsessive beliefs factors and to explain some of the relationship between obsessive beliefs and obsessive compulsive symptoms in a non-clinical sample. Evidence that is supportive of this hypothesis is presented. Conclusions are drawn and suggestions for future research are made. Implications for clinical practise are also considered.
23
Kiff, James D. "Evaluating the relationship between childrearing behaviours, inflated responsibility and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in non-clinical families." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.520277.
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McKenzie, Matthew L. "Investigating the role of Emotion Regulation in paediatric Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD): associations with symptoms and treatment response." Thesis, Griffith University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/389848.
Full textAbstract:
Cognitive-behavioural (CB) theories that explain Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) have largely focused on the role of maladaptive belief biases as drivers of the individual’s experience of anxiety or distress, pathological avoidance behaviours and compulsions. One potential limitation of current CB models is the limited focus on the extent to which deficits in emotion regulation (ER) may account for a reliance on maladaptive regulatory processes (avoidance and neutralising compulsions), which also serve to maintain OCD symptomatology. Recently, researchers have begun to examine the potential role of ER in adult and paediatric OCD. However, of the limited number of studies completed to date most have utilised community rather than clinical samples and there are even fewer studies involving youth with OCD. Moreover, there are no studies to date examining the role of ER strategies in cognitive-behavioural treatment of paediatric OCD. Accordingly, this thesis aimed to elucidate the role of ER in OCD symptom expression and treatment by using a combination of self- and parent-report measures of ER to examine the relationship between ER, symptoms and associations with treatment response in relatively large, well-defined clinical samples of children and youth with a primary diagnosis of OCD. These studies represent the most comprehensive examination of the role of ER in paediatric OCD to date, and aim to inform current theoretical models of OCD, as well as inform treatment advances. The first study of this PhD explored whether youth with OCD who experience deficits in emotional control (as indexed by parental report on the Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function, n = 137) differed in their OCD symptom expression, comorbidity and response to evidence-based treatment, relative to youth with OCD who had greater emotional control (n = 68). The findings indicated that those lower on emotional control (n = 69) had significantly greater OCD severity, famil y accommodation, internalising and externalising symptoms, an d were less likely to respond favourably to treatment. The second study involved a clinical sample of 72 youth (aged 7 to 17 years) with a primary diagnosis of OCD and examined self-reported parent perceptions of child ER and associations with family accommodation (FA), as well as explored potential child and parent variables that predicted negative parental perception of child ER ability. The findings of this study revealed that child externalising symptoms and parental depression uniquely predicted negative parental perception of their child’s ER ability. Furthermore, while negative parental perception of child ER was moderately and positively correlated with FA, it was not found to be a unique predictor of FA after controlling for previously established predictors. The third and final study built on the findings of the first study by examining a wide range of specific adaptive and maladaptive ER strategies among youth with a primary diagnosis of OCD (n = 65, aged 7 to 17 years), both before and after treatment, and the degree to which changes in ER strategies following intensive cognitive-behavioural treatment predicted a treatment response at post-treatment and three months following treatment. The findings of this final study indicated significant improvements in four adaptive and five maladaptive ER strategies. Additionally, pre- to post-treatment increases in Acceptance and decreases in Suppression were significant unique predictors of OCD severity at post-treatment, and increases in Acceptance and decreases in Self-Blame were significant unique predictors of OCD severity 3 months following treatment. Taken together, the findings from the three empirical studies reported herein indicate that deficits in ER form a part of the clinical picture of OCD in youth and may be associated with several clinical correlates known to be associated with a poorer treatment response. For instance, deficits in ER are associated with greater externalising symptoms in youth with OCD, and together with parental self-reported depression may be associated with parents having more negative perceptions of their child’s ability to regulate their emotions. Furthermore, given that Acceptance was found to be a particularly strong predictor of favourable treatment response over time, emphasising Acceptance in evidence-based cognitive-behavioural treatment for OCD or augmenting such treatments with an ER training component may potentially enhance the efficacy of evidence-based treatments and ultimately improve treatment response.Thesis (Professional Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy in Clinical Psychology (PhD ClinPsych)
School of Applied Psychology
Griffith Health
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Yorulmaz, Orcun. "A Comprehensive Model For Obsessive-compulsive Disorder Symptoms: A Cross-cultural Investigation Of Cognitive And Other Vulnerability Factors." Phd thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12608435/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
The current coginitive models of the Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) symptoms focuses on the different cognitive factors. Like other nonspecific and noncognitive variables, these factors may also function as vulnerability factors. However, they have been mostly studied separately and majority of the findings in the literature come from the Western samples. Accordingly, the studies examining these factors together and the impact of the culture in these studies are sparse in number. The present study suggested a comprehensive cognitive model for OCD symptoms, including several distal and proximal vulnerability factors. It was aimed to adapt three instruments to examine the interrelationships among the vulnerability factors and OCD symptoms in different cultures. Relevant ten instruments were administered to the university students from Turkey and Canada. The analyses showed that Turkish versions of three instruments had satisfactory psychometric properties for Turkish students. These analyses also revealed some cross-cultural similarities and differences in these factors and OCD symptoms. Neuroticism, age, introversion, OCD beliefs on responsibility/threat estimation, perfectionism/certainty and thought-action fusion in likelihood dimension were found to be associated with the OCD symptoms in both Turkish and Canadian samples. The relational paths between non-specific, appraisal and control factors, and OCD symptoms were also significant in both samples. However, religiousness was only significant factor in OCD symptoms and contributed to several belief and control factors toward these symptoms, only for Turkish subjects. The analyses of the religiousness differences indicated that psychological fusion in general and in morality was more related to the religiosity for Canadian Christians. Besides, Turkish students seemed to utilize worry more for OCD symptomswhereas, Canadian participants used self-punishment. These common and unique patterns of the relationships were discussed within relevant findings about characteristics of the religion and culture.
26
Zambrano-Vazquez, Laura, and Laura Zambrano-Vazquez. "The Interaction of State and Trait Worry on Response Monitoring in Those with Worry and Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/620615.
Full textAbstract:
The error related negativity (ERN) is an event-related brain potential that is sensitive to errors. It reflects individual differences in the extent to which individuals recruit neural systems involved in monitoring errors and systems for cognitive control that then make adjustments to future behavior. It has been closely linked to anxiety through diverse disorders and symptoms, but recently evidence highlights the role of anxious apprehension as a key individual difference related to error monitoring. Diverse hypotheses have emerged to explain this relationship. While some views emphasize the role of motivation and emotion, others suggest that a transient compensatory control is responsible for this relationship. Although both theories recognize the potential for state anxiety to potentiate the ERN, there is limited literature that allows a comparison of these competing hypotheses. The present study investigated the interaction of state and trait anxiety on the ERN by comparing ERN amplitude before and after a five minute worry induction period that specifically targeted each individual's greatest current worries. Results did not unequivocally support one specific theory, but rather provide some preliminary evidence of how trait and state worry may interact and affect the ERN. Suggestions for future research are provided, including using worry induction paradigms in which the worries increase threat or significance of errors.
27
Shaw, Jennifer P. "Do responsibility beliefs mediate the relationship between attachment and parenting styles, and obsessive compulsive symptoms in pregnant women?" Thesis, University of Surrey, 2015. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/808493/.
Full textAbstract:
The cognitive model of OCD has suggested that people with OCD have an inflated sense of responsibility which drives them to repeatedly check to avoid being responsible for harm to other people or themselves. Research into this model has suggested that responsibility beliefs cause OC symptoms. However, there is limited empirical research exploring the developmental origins of responsibility beliefs. This study sought to build on existing literature that has suggested that attachment style and perceived parenting are involved in the development of OC symptoms, through responsibility beliefs. Specifically this study aimed to explore whether responsibility beliefs mediated the relationship between a) perceived parenting and OC symptoms and b) attachment style and OC symptoms. This study aimed to build on previous literature by using a sample of pregnant women. It has been hypothesised that pregnancy is a trigger for OCD due to the increase of responsibility at this time. A cross-sectional questionnaire design was used with a sample of 106 non-clinical pregnant women. The Parental Bonding Instrument was used to measure perceived parenting, the Experiences in Close Relationships Questionnaire- Revised was used to measure attachment style, the Obsessive Compulsive Inventory was used to measure OC Symptoms, Responsibility/Threat subscale of the Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire-44 was used to measure responsibility and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 was used as a measure of mood. The current study found that responsibility mediated the relationship between; i) paternal overprotection and OC symptoms, and ii) attachment anxiety and OC symptoms. However, the mediation model did not hold for maternal care, maternal overprotection, paternal care or attachment avoidance. The findings of the current study move towards drawing together the cognitive and attachment theories of OCD. The paper discusses the theoretical and clinical implications of the findings.
28
Wells, Leisa L. "Associations between Mindfulness and Symptoms of Anxiety." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2010. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1730.
Full textAbstract:
This cross-sectional exploratory study considered the associations between mindfulness and symptoms of anxiety. The participants in this study were 183 undergraduate students at a regional university in the southeastern United States. The general hypothesis was that higher levels of mindfulness would be associated with lower levels of anxiety. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were used to examine the association between a variety of aspects of mindfulness and symptoms of anxiety while controlling for a variety of demographic and historical variables, including previous experience with meditation. Results suggest that not all aspects of mindfulness were related to anxiety. Of the 12 specific aspects of mindfulness measured, Cognition, Affect, Act with Awareness, and Nonjudge were the most common predictors of anxiety, obsessive-compulsiveness, and stress. Continued research is warranted, including basic relationships, as well as longitudinal and interventional designs.
29
Lyon, T. "Exploring the Role of Metacognitive Beliefs in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and Voices: their relationship to symptoms and symptomatic distress." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.487639.
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In this paper the role of metacognitions in mediating distress in OCD and auditory hallucinations is examined via a review ofthe recent literature. There appears to have been some interest within the last decade into the role of metacognitive thinking in both neurosis and psychosis. However, further exploration ofthis literature reveals some methodological considerations, which may require further investigation. Many ofthe studies include the use of a non-clinical sample and do not control for mood variables, such as anxiety and depression. Furthermore, none ofthe reviewed articles have included a measure of symptom specific distress within a clinical population. Thus, it is not possible to determine the effects of metacognitions in mediating distress. .
30
Altin, Mujgan. "A Cross-cultural Investigation Of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Symptomatology: The Role Of Religiosity And Religious Affiliation." Phd thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12610508/index.pdf.
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The main aim of the present study was to better understand the influence of nationality/religious affiliation and degree of religious devoutness on OCD symptoms, more specifically scrupulosity symptoms and beliefs by comparing the Turkish Muslim students with the Canadian Christians who show different degrees of religiosity. To clarify the effect of religiosity on OCD symptomatology, Bible school and Divinity school students were included in the present study as an extreme religious group. Furthermore, the present study was aimed to examine the cross-cultural differences in the prevalence, content, appraisal and control of intrusions, using a structured interview methodology. Religiosity, guilt and scrupulosity scales and interview schedule were adapted into Turkish. The analyses revealed that the psychometric properties of the adapted measurements were satisfactory. Then, the effect of religiosity and religious affiliation on the experience of OCD symptoms, scrupulosity, and OCD relevant beliefs were examined via univariate and multivariate analyses. Results revealed that the effect of religiosity and nationality were significant for general distress. Results also revealed that regardless of nationality, high religious individuals reported higher degree of OCD and scrupulosity symptoms, and dysfunctional obsessive beliefs than low religious ones. The effect of religiosity on OCD and scrupulosity symptoms differed by religious affiliation. High religious Muslim students reported higher degree of compulsions, and fear of God symptoms than high religious Christians. Furthermore, religiosity and nationality affected obsessive beliefs differently. Turkish students reported higher level of perfectionism and intolerance for uncertainty in comparison with Canadian students. These results were supported by subsequent regression analyses. Furthermore, interview data showed that except for the frequency of the intrusions, the content of the intrusions was almost universal, and frequency and distress as a response to intrusions is very low in the normal population. Nationality and degree of religiosity revealed some minor differences in primary and secondary appraisals, and control strategies. These factors were specifically significant for religious and sexual intrusions. Results suggested that the religious affiliation and degree of religiosity may provide content for intrusions, rather being a causal factor.
Keywords: Intrusive thoughts, Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms, Faulty belief domains and appraisal, Religiosity and Religious Affiliation
31
Southam, Peter. "The origins of inflated responsibility : investigating the relationship between adaptive responsibility, inflated responsibility and obsessive compulsive symptoms in young people." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2013. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/68081/.
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Background and Objectives: Inflated responsibility is proposed to be a central concept in the development and maintenance of obsessive compulsive symptoms (Salkovskis, 1985). Five pathways to inflated responsibility have been proposed (Salkovskis et al., 1999) but have largely remained untested. Two of these pathways refer to experiences of having insufficient or excessive amounts of typical everyday childhood or ‘adaptive’ responsibilities. These two pathways were tested by the current study be examining the relationships between adaptive responsibilities, inflated responsibilities, and obsessive compulsive symptoms. Method: The study used a cross-sectional correlational questionnaire design to assess for levels of adaptive responsibilities, inflated responsibilities, and obsessive compulsive symptoms in 134 young people aged between 11 and 16 years, and one of their parents. Results: Significant positive associations were observed between levels of inflated responsibility and obsessive compulsive symptoms in young people and parents. There was also a significant positive relationship between child and parent ratings of adaptive responsibility. However, no relationships were observed between adaptive responsibility and inflated responsibility, or obsessive compulsive symptoms. Additionally, there were no between group differences observed for groups scoring high or low in levels of adaptive responsibility, inflated responsibility, or obsessive compulsive symptoms Conclusion: Findings appeared to support the inflated responsibility hypothesis of OCD in childhood and extend support to a downward extension of adult models of OCD to children. However, the findings did not support the notion of childhood experiences of insufficient or excessive amounts of adaptive responsibilities to be implicated in the development of OC symptoms. Methodological flaws limit the generalisability of these findings and further research may benefit from considering accumulative or interactions of experiences on the pathways hypothesised by Salkovskis et al. (1999).
32
Burton, Rosie. "An experimental study examining the relationship between parenting behaviours, responsibility beliefs and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in nonclinical children and their mothers." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2012. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/40575/.
Full textAbstract:
Inflated responsibility (Salkovskis, 1985) is proposed as a central concept in understanding the development and maintenance of OCD. Salkovskis et al. (1999) proposed that inflated responsibility develops during childhood and parenting behaviours assume a significant role in the development of this cognitive vulnerability. The aim of this research was to investigate if parenting behaviours mediate the relationship between maternal responsibility beliefs and the development and maintenance of OCD like behaviours in their non-anxious children. Method This study used an experimental between-subjects design. 38 children aged 9–12 years were exposed to a high responsibility condition. Their mothers were randomly allocated to either a condition of inflated responsibility or no responsibility. During a sweet sorting task, maternal behaviours were coded for the constructs of warmth and control and the amount of reassurance giving was measured. In addition, the OCD like behaviours of the child were measured. State anxiety was measured pre and post task in mothers and their children. Results The results demonstrated that the experimental manipulation was not successful in increasing either maternal or child subjective responsibility beliefs. However, mothers in a condition of inflated responsibility demonstrated significantly less warmth when reading sorting instructions to their child and significantly more control during the sorting task than mothers in a condition of no responsibility. No significant differences were found in reassurance giving or maternal warmth during the task phase. Additionally, no significant differences were observed in child iii behaviours during the sorting task. State anxiety in both children and mothers reduced significantly from baseline to post task. Conclusions It is proposed that these findings suggest that the experimental manipulation did have an impact on maternal levels of control and warmth; however these differences were not strong enough in order to elicit an effect on children’s behaviours. Methodological considerations are considered. Clinical and theoretical implications are discussed and recommendations made for future research.
33
Vivan, Analise de Souza. "Prevalência do transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo e de sintomas obsessivo-compulsivos e qualidade de vida em adolescentes." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/86425.
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Apesar do transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo (TOC) ser um transtorno mental grave, que causa acentuado sofrimento e interferência na vida, ele ainda é subdiagnosticado na população. Além disso, a prevalência de TOC e sintomas obsessivo-compulsivos (SOC) e o impacto na qualidade de vida (QV) de adolescentes ainda não foram suficientemente estudados. A presente tese é composta por dois estudos: 1) um levantamento de base populacional para investigar a prevalência de SOC e TOC em adolescentes, comparando características demográficas e clínicas entre os sexos; 2) uma comparação entre adolescentes com e sem TOC quanto à QV e associação entre os domínios de QV e características clínicas. Nossos resultados apontam prevalência de 3,3% de TOC e 18,3% de SOC na amostra estudada, com meninas apresentando taxas mais elevadas em comparação aos meninos. No entanto, apesar dos altos índices, apenas um reduzido número de adolescentes já havia sido diagnosticado com TOC anteriormente à pesquisa (9,3%) e um percentual ainda menor recebia tratamento para a doença (6,7%). Além disso, quando comparados a adolescentes sem o transtorno, o grupo com TOC apresentou maiores prejuízos em todos os domínios de QV. Também, a presença de sintomas depressivos demonstrou estar associada com pior QV. Esses achados nos permitem concluir que, apesar da alta prevalência, o TOC é subdiagnosticado e ainda pouco tratado em adolescentes, porém, causa impacto significativo na QV dos jovens, contribuindo para prejuízos em todos os domínios.Even though obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is considered a severe mental illness, causing a high degree of suffering and significantly affecting patients’ lives, the disorder remains underdiagnosed in the general population. Moreover, the prevalence of OCD and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) and their impact on the quality of life of adolescents have not been extensively studied. The present dissertation comprises two studies, namely: 1) a population-based study designed to investigate the prevalence of OCS and OCD among adolescents, comparing demographic and clinical characteristics according to gender; and 2) a comparison between adolescents with and without OCD in relation to quality of life and the association between clinical characteristics and domain-specific quality of life impairment. Our results revealed a prevalence of 3.3% of OCD and 18.3% of OCS in the sample assessed, with girls presenting higher prevalence rates when compared with boys. Notwithstanding, despite the high rates observed, only a limited number of adolescents had been diagnosed with OCD before the study (9.3%), and an even smaller group was under treatment for the disorder (6.7%). In addition, when compared with adolescents without OCD, the group with the disorder showed poorer scores in all quality of life domains assessed. Also, the presence of depressive symptoms showed an association with poorer quality of life. These findings suggest that, in spite of the high prevalence of OCD, the disorder is still underdiagnosed and undertreated among adolescents. In addition, our findings confirm the significant impact of OCD on the quality of life of young patients, affecting all related domains.
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Altin, Mujgan. "Responsibility Attitudes And Locus Of Control As Predictors Of Obsessive-compulsive Symptomatology: An Analysis Of Within The Cognitive Model." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12605117/index.pdf.
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This study investigated the effects of responsibility attitudes, locus of control and their interactions on general obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptomatology and dimensions of OC symptoms. Research subjects consisted of 385 senior high school students from Fatih Sultan Mehmet High School in Ankara. The students were given the Turkish version of Responsibility Attitudes Scale (RAS), the Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (MOCI), the Locus of Control Scale (LCS), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Trait- State Anxiety Inventory-Trait Anxiety Form (TAI). The factor analysis of MOCI revealed three-factor solution. The factors were labeled as rumination, cleanliness/meticulousness, and checking. In order to examine possible gender differences, separate analyses of variance were conducted for the variables of general obsessive-compulsive symptomatology, and symptom subtypes. Results indicated that cleaning was the most common symptom subtype, followed by rumination and checking symptoms among Turkish high school students. Related to the gender differences, females reported more OC symptoms than males. Furthermore, females received significantly higher scores for cleaning subscale than male. Hierarchical regression analyses were performed to examine the relationships between responsibility attitudes, locus of control and their interactions on general OC symptomatology and its symptom subtypes in high school student sample. It was found that there was a significantly positive relationship between responsibility attitudes and general OC symptomatology. However, locus of control was not a significant predictor of general OC symptomatology. Furthermore, results revealed that there was a significant interaction effect of responsibility attitudes with locus of control on OC symptomatology. That is, an inflated sense of responsibility and the presence of external locus of control produced the highest OC symptoms. However, when the level of responsibility attitudes was low, externality or internality did not influence the levels of OC symptom. Related to dimensions of OC symptoms, responsibility was a weak predictor of rumination symptoms, and moderate predictor of cleanliness and checking symptoms. It was almost equally relevant for cleaning and checking symptoms. Locus of control and its interaction with responsibility attitudes only significantly predicted rumination symptoms. These results suggested that if the individual shows an overt behavior to prevent the external danger, locus of control does not play a significant role in OCD. The findings of the present study were discussed with current literature.
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Haciomeroglu, A. Bikem. "Perceived Parental Rearing Behaviors, Responsibility Attitudes And Life Events As Predictors Of Obsessive Compulsive Symptomatology: Test Of A Cognitive Model." Phd thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12609228/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
The main objective of this study was to examine the vulnerability factors of Obsessive Compulsive Symptomatology (OCS) in a non-clinical sample. On the basis of Salkovskis&rsquocognitive model of OCD, the present study aimed to investigate the role of perceived parental rearing behaviors, responsibility attitudes, and life events in predicting OCS. Furthermore, the mediator role of responsibility attitudes in the relationship between perceived parental rearing behaviors and OCS was examined. Finally, the specificity of these variables to OCS was evaluated by examining the relationship of the same variables to depression and trait anxiety. Analysis of covariance results showed that subjects with higher OCS scores perceived their mothers&rsquo
and fathers&rsquo
rearing behaviors as more overprotective than the subjects with lower OCS scores. The results of the regression analysis showed that perceived mother overprotection, responsibility attitudes and life events significantly predicted OCS. Furthermore, responsibility attitudes mediated the relationship between perceived mother overprotection and OCS. The predictive role of perceived mother overprotection was found to be OCS specific. On the other hand, for depression, perceived mother rejection and father emotional warmth, and for trait anxiety, perceived mother emotional warmth had significant predictive effects. While responsibility attitudes were found to be a common predictor for OCS and trait anxiety, its mediator role was OCS specific. OCS, depression and trait anxiety were all significantly predicted by life events. The results of the study were discussed within the relevant literature, and limitations of the study, suggestions for future studies, and clinical implications of the findings were presented.
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Aka, Turkuler B. "Perceived Parenting Styles, Emotion Recognition, And Emotion Regulation In Relation To Psychological Well-being: Symptoms Of Depression, Obsessive-compulsive Disorder, And Social Anxiety." Phd thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613378/index.pdf.
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The purpose of the current study was to examine the path of perceived parenting styles, emotion recognition, emotion regulation, and psychological well-being in terms of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder and social anxiety symptoms consequently. For the purpose of this study 530 adults (402 female, 128 male) between the ages of 18 and 36 (M = 22.09, SD = 2.78) participated in the current study. The data was collected by a questionnaire battery including a Demographic Category Sheet, Short-EMBU (Egna Minnen Betraffande Uppfostran- My Memories of Upbringing), &ldquoReading the Mind in the Eyes&rdquo
Test (Revised), Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, Emotion Regulation Processes, Beck Depression Inventory, Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, Maudsley Obsessive Compulsive Inventory, White Bear Suppression Inventory, Thought-Action Fusion Scale, and Emotional Approach Coping Scale. The psychometric properties of Emotion Regulation Questionnaire and Emotion Regulation Processes were investigated and found to have good validity and reliability characteristics. The three sets of hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted to reveal the significant associates of psychological well-being. As expected, the results of the current study revealed that perceived parenting styles, different emotion regulation strategies and processes had associated with psychological well-being in terms of depression, obsessivecompulsive disorder and social anxiety symptoms. The findings, and their implications with suggestions for future research and practice, were discussed in the light of relevant literature.
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Barkataki, Bristi. "Magical Thinking: How Important Is It in Explaining Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms? A Transcultural Exploration of Magical Thinking and OCD in India and Australia." Thesis, Curtin University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/76184.
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This PhD is a mixed-method project of four interrelated studies that explores the importance of magical thinking in explaining obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms with a transcultural perspective, between India (holistic-thinking culture) and Australia (analytic-thinking culture). Findings position magical thinking as a unique and important construct implicated in the pathogenesis of OC symptoms. It adds a new facet to the existing cognitive dysfunction model of OCD and warrants more attention, for both theoretical and clinical advancement.
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Gomes, Juliana Braga. "Fatores associados à acomodação familiar em pacientes com transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/35041.
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O Transtorno Obsessivo-Compulsivo (TOC) é um transtorno crônico que causa prejuízos significativos tanto para o paciente como para os seus familiares. De um modo geral, interfere no funcionamento familiar, pois muitas vezes leva os membros de uma família a modificar suas rotinas em função dos sintomas do paciente. As mudanças de comportamentos dos familiares em decorrência desses sintomas são chamadas de Acomodação Familiar (AF). O presente estudo teve como objetivos: primeiramente traduzir e adaptar para o português a Family Accommodation Scale for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Interviewer-Rated (FAS-IR) e, em segundo lugar, examinar se fatores sociodemográficos e clínicos estão ou não associados à AF. Após realizada a tradução e adaptação da escala, foi realizada a segunda etapa do trabalho com uma amostra ambulatorial constituída de 114 pacientes com TOC e seus respectivos familiares. Para avaliação dos sintomas obsessivo-compulsivos (OC) nos pacientes, foram aplicadas as seguintes escalas: DY-BOCS, Y-BOCS e CGI. Para analisar sintomas de depressão e ansiedade, foram aplicados o BDI e o BAI, e para a verificação de possíveis comorbidades, o SCID. Nos familiares, para avaliar a AF foi aplicada a FAS-IR, e para verificação de sintomas OC, a Y-BOCS e a OCI-R. Dois modelos de regressão linear múltipla foram utilizados: o primeiro modelo foi utilizado para avaliar a relação entre as variáveis do paciente e a AF; já o segundo foi utilizado para avaliar as variáveis do familiar e a AF. Averiguou-se que a AF era altamente prevalente entre os familiares na população em estudo. O fator do paciente associado positivamente com a AF foi gravidade do TOC, enquanto AF estava associada inversamente a pior dimensão do paciente ser obsessões com conteúdo agressivo. As características dos familiares associadas positivamente com AF foram sintomas OC nos familiares e o familiar ser o cônjuge do paciente. A AF é muito comum nas famílias de portadores do TOC, mas ainda são pouco conhecidas as razões que levam os familiares a mudarem seu comportamento. É importante estar atento a esse fato, pois tais comportamentos de acomodação podem servir de reforço aos sintomas do paciente e consequentemente contribuir para sua manutenção.Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a chronic disorder that causes significant impairments both to patient and his/her family members. Generally, it interferes with familiar functioning, since it frequently drives family members to modify their routines because of the patient‟s symptoms. Changes on family members‟ behaviors as a consequence of these symptoms are termed as Family Accommodation (FA). The present study aimed at: firstly translate into and adapt to Portuguese the Family Accommodation Scale for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Interviewer-Rated (FAS-IR) and, secondly, to examine whether or not socio-demographic and clinical factors are associated to FA. After the scale was translated and adapted into Portuguese, the second step of the research was performed with an outpatient sample comprised 114 patients with OCD and their respective family members. To evaluate the obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms on patients, the following scales were applied: DY-BOCS, Y-BOCS, and CGI. To analyze depressive and anxiety symptoms, the BDI and BAI scales were used, and to verify possible comorbidities, the SCID. On family members, to evaluate the FA, FAS-IR was applied, and to verify the OC symptoms, the Y-BOCS and OCI-R scales. Two multiple linear regression models were used: the first one was used to evaluate the relationship between patient‟s variables and the FA; and the second one, to evaluate the relationship between family member‟s variables and the FA. It was noted that FA was highly prevalent among the family members in the studied population. The patient‟s factor positively associated with FA was OCD severity, whereas FA was inversely associated with the patient‟s worst dimension being obsessions with aggressive content. Family members‟ characteristics positively associated with FA were OC symptoms in family members and the family member being the patient‟s spouse. The FA is highly common among OCD carriers‟ families, but the reasons that drive family members to modify their own behaviors are not yet well known. It is important to be aware of this fact, since these accommodation behaviors may serve as a reinforcer of the patient‟ symptoms, and, consequently, contribute in keeping them.
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Alvarenga, Pedro Gomes de. "Sintomas obsessivo-compulsivos em escolares: prevalência, dimensões psicopatológicas, agregação familiar, comorbidades e fatores clínicos associados." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5142/tde-04082014-084337/.
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O objetivo central desta tese de doutorado foi investigar as características clínicas de sintomas obsessivo-compulsivos (SOC), como fenômeno intermediário entre o desenvolvimento normal e o transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo (TOC), em uma ampla amostra comunitária (não-clínica) composta por crianças em idade escolar (6 a 12 anos) e seus familiares biológicos. Para tal, determinou-se a prevalência e a distribuição sociodemográfica dos SOC descrevendo sua fenomenologia caracterizada a partir de dimensões de SOC, agregação familiar, associação com outras comorbidades psiquiátricas e outras variáveis de comprometimento clínico (ex: fatores de risco, problemas sociais, escolares e de comportamento). Dividimos o presente estudo em duas etapas. Na Etapa I, o objeto de estudo foram 9.937 crianças de 6 a 12 anos regularmente matriculadas em escolas públicas (crianças-index) e seus familiares biológicos (n total=29.459). Nesta etapa utilizou-se a Family History Screening (FHS), escala de rastreamento para sintomas psiquiátricos internacionalmente validada, e um módulo adicional com sete itens para identificar quatro dimensões de SOC (\"Agressão/ sexual/ religiosa\"; \"arranjo/ simetria\"; \"contaminação/ lavagem\" e colecionismo\"). Nessa primeira etapa obtivemos dados sobre 9.937 crianças-index (podendo ser irmãos entre si), 3.305 irmãos biológicos (13 a 18 anos) e 16.218 pais. As mães biológicas foram informantes em 88% das entrevistas. Os SOC estiveram presentes em 19.4% da amostra total, sendo 14,7% das crianças-index; 15,6% dos irmãos; 34,6% das mães e 12,1% dos pais. A presença dos SOC foi associada ao sexo masculino e aumento da idade em crianças e adolescentes. Houve agregação familiar das dimensões de SOC nas famílias, sendo que a dimensão de \"contaminação/ lavagem\" foi a mais familiar (OR: 1,44; IC 95% 1,23-1,67; p < 0,001). Crianças-index com SOC apresentaram maior frequência de outros sintomas psiquiátricos, bem como maior comprometimento escolar, social e busca por tratamentos prévios. As principais limitações desta etapa incluem entrevista indireta (by proxy) e utilização de um instrumento ainda não validado para triagem de dimensões de SOC. Na Etapa II, o objeto de estudo foi uma sub-amostra da Etapa I e foram coletados dados de 2.512 crianças-index [média de idade: 8,86 anos (DP: 1,84); 44,59% sexo feminino], com um rigoroso e abrangente protocolo de avaliação clínica, incluindo diagnósticos de transtornos mentais pela DSM-IV/ DAWBA (Development and Well-Being Assessment), padrões específicos de comportamento pelo CBCL (Child Behavior Checklist), fatores de risco, comprometimento escolar, social e tratamentos prévios. A amostra foi dividida em grupos TOC (n=77; 3,07%), SOC (n=488; 19,43%) e controles (n=1.947; 77,5%), que foram comparados em relação às suas características fenotípicas. Não houve diferenças significativas de sexo, idade e classificação socioeconômica entre os três grupos estudados. O grupo TOC apresentou, mais frequentemente, obsessões ou compulsões em geral, obsessões de contaminação, compulsões de lavagem, repetição e colecionismo. Os grupos TOC e SOC foram semelhantes em relação às frequências de obsessões de agressão e compulsões de simetria, verificação e contagem. Em relação às comorbidades pelo DAWBA, o grupo TOC apresentou mais frequentemente transtornos de humor (agrupados), transtorno de ansiedade de separação, transtorno de ansiedade generalizada, transtorno de déficit de atenção e hiperatividade, e transtornos disruptivos (agrupados), quando comparado aos grupos SOC e controles. Os grupos TOC e SOC apresentaram prevalências semelhantes de fobia social, transtornos ansiosos (agrupados), transtorno de oposição e desafio, transtorno de tiques e transtornos alimentares, com prevalência superior àquela encontrada entre controles. Fatores de risco perinatais e abuso físico ou sexual foram significativamente mais frequentes no grupo TOC, em relação a SOC e controles. O grupo SOC exibiu padrão intermediário entre TOC (maior pontuação) e controles (menor pontuação) em relação aos escores totais e às dimensões de problemas de comportamento \"internalizantes\", \"externalizantes\" e sociais da CBCL. O grupo SOC revelou o mesmo padrão encontrado no grupo TOC acerca de vulnerabilidade social, problemas escolares (repetência, expulsão ou abandono), comprometimento funcional, comportamento delinquente e busca por tratamentos prévios. A principal limitação dessa etapa foi a adaptação dos critérios do DAWBA para a DSM-IV, para se estabelecer o diagnóstico de TOC na infância e adolescência. Portanto, este estudo transversal sugere que os SOC são um fenômeno relativamente frequente (aproximadamente 15 a 20%) em escolares de 6 a 12 anos e, sua prevalência se assemelha àquela descrita em adolescentes e adultos. Os dados desta tese fornecem evidências adicionais de que há um contínuo psicopatológico e de impacto clínico entre SOC e TOC o que é importante, não apenas para aprimorar a compreensão da natureza do TOC, mas para estabelecer estratégias de tratamento e prevençãoThe present thesis investigated the clinical characteristics of obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS), as an intermediate phenomenon between normal development and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) by assessing an extensive community (non- clinical) sample of schoolchildren (6-12 years) and their biological relatives. We determined the prevalence and sociodemographic status of OCS, describing its phenomenology characterized from OCS dimensions, familial aggregation, association with other psychiatric comorbidities, and other variables of clinical impairment (e.g.: risk factors , social, school and behavior problems). The study was divided in two phases. In phase I, 9,937 children (aged 6 to 12 years) enrolled in regular public schools (index-children) and their biological relatives (overall n = 29,459) were assessed. In this phase, we used the Family History Screening (FHS), an internationally validated instrument developed for psychiatric symptoms assessment. An additional seven-item module to identify four OCS dimensions (\"aggressive/ sexual/ religious\"; \"symmetry/ arranging\", \"contamination/ cleaning\" and \"hoarding \") was also used. In the first phase data on 9,937 index-children (may be siblings to each other), 3,305 biological siblings (13-18 years) and 16,218 parents were obtained. The biological mothers were informants in 88 % of the interviews. OCS were present in 19.4 % of the total sample, 14.7 % of index-children, 15.6 % of siblings, 34.6 % of mothers and 12.1 % of parents. The presence of OCS was associated with male gender and increasing age in children and adolescents. Familial aggregation of OCS dimensions was found; the \"contamination/ cleaning\" was the most familial dimension (OR: 1.44; 95% IC 1.23 to 1.67; p < 0.001). OCS were associated with higher frequency of other psychiatric symptoms as well as greater rates of social/ school problems and searching for previous treatments. The main limitations of this phase include by proxy interviews and use of an instrument for assessing OCS dimensions not yet validated. In phase II, a sub-sample (n=2,512) of phase I index-children [mean age: 8.86 (PD: 1.84); 44.59% female] was submitted to a rigorous and comprehensive clinical evaluation protocol, including structural diagnoses of mental disorders DSM-IV/ DAWBA (Development and Well-Being Assessment), specific behavioral patterns from CBCL (Child Behavior Checklist), risk factors, school/ social problems and searching for previous treatments. The sample was divided in three groups: OCD (n = 77; 3.07 %), OCS (N=488; 19.43 %) and controls (n=1,947; 77.5 %), compared according to their clinical features. There were no significant age/ gender and socio-economic status differences between groups. OCD group presented higher rates of overall obsessions and compulsions, contamination obsessions, cleaning and repetition compulsions and \"hoarding\". OCD and OCS groups showed similar prevalence rates of aggressive, symmetry, checking and counting symptoms. Regarding DAWBA comorbidities, OCD group showed increased prevalence of mood disorders (as a group), separation anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and disruptive disorders (as a group) compared to OCS and control groups. OCD and OCS groups showed similar prevalences of social phobia, anxiety disorders (as a group), oppositional defiant disorder, tic disorders and eating disorders, showing higher prevalence than controls. Perinatal risk factors and physical or sexual abuse were significantly more frequent in the OCD group in comparison to OCS and control groups. The OCS group exhibited intermediate pattern between OCD (higher scores) and controls (lower scores) concerning total and \"internalizing\", \"externalizing\" and social dimensions scores of the CBCL. The OCS group showed the same pattern found in the OCD group concerning social vulnerability, school problems (failure, expulsion or dropout), functional impairment, delinquent behavior, and searching for previous treatments. The main limitation of this phase was the adaptation of the DAWBA criteria for DSM -IV diagnosis for pediatric OCD. Therefore, this cross-sectional study suggests that OCS is fairly frequent in schoolchildren 6-12 years (about 15 to 20%) and its prevalence is similar to that described in adolescents and adults. Data from this thesis provide further evidence that there is a psychopathological and clinical impact continuum between OCS and OCD, which is important not only to enhance the understanding of the nature of OCD but to develop treatment and prevention strategies
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Lochner, Christine. "Symptom dimensions in obsessive-compulsive disorder." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1089.
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Vellozo, Aline Paes. "Dimensão de simetria no transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo prevalência, gravidade e correlatos /." Botucatu, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/180255.
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Orientador: Albina Rodrigues TorresResumo: Introdução: O transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo (TOC) apresenta expressiva heterogeneidade de sintomas. Análises fatoriais têm mostrado que obsessões e compulsões de simetria, ordenação, repetição e contagem se caracterizam como uma dimensão separada. Apesar de a dimensão de simetria ser manifestação comum do TOC, estudos sobre esta dimensão são escassos na literatura. Objetivo: investigar a prevalência, a gravidade e o perfil sociodemográfico e clínico de pacientes que apresentam sintomas da dimensão de simetria em uma amostra clínica de pacientes com TOC. Método: estudo transversal com 1001 pacientes do banco de dados do Consórcio Brasileiro de Pesquisa em Transtornos do Espectro Obsessivo-Compulsivo. Diversas variáveis independentes foram investigadas através de instrumentos estruturados, tais como: Questionário sobre história natural do TOC, Escalas de Yale-Brown (Y-BOCS) e Escala Dimensional de Sintomas Obsessivo-compulsivos (DY-BOCS), Escala de Fenômenos Sensoriais (USP-SPS), Inventário de Depressão de Beck (BDI), Escala de Crenças de Brown (BABS) e Entrevista Clínica Estruturada para Transtornos do Eixo I do DSM-IV (SCID-I). Após a análise descritiva, foram feitas análises bivariadas entre possíveis fatores associados à presença da dimensão de simetria através do teste de qui-quadrado ou exato de Fisher e o teste t de Student ou Mann-Whitney. Como medidas de tamanho de efeito, foram calculadas razões de chances (odds ratios-OR) com intervalos de confiança e D de Cohen. P... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Introduction: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) presents an expressive heterogeneity of symptoms. Factorial analyses have shown that obsessions and compulsions of symmetry, ordering, repetition, and counting are characterized as a separate symptom dimension. Although the symmetry dimension is a common manifestation of OCD, studies on this dimension are scarce in the literature. Objective: to investigate the prevalence, severity, and the sociodemographic and clinical profile of patients with symmetry symptoms in a clinical sample of OCD patients. Method: a cross-sectional study with 1001 patients from the database of the Brazilian Research Consortium on Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders. Several independent variables were investigated through structured instruments, such as: OCD Natural History Questionnaire, Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), Dimensional Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (DY-BOCS), Sensory Phenomena Scale (USP-SPS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Brown Assessment of Beliefs Scale (BABS), and Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I). After the descriptive analysis, bivariate analyses were performed between possible factors associated with the presence of the symmetry dimension using the chi-square or Fisher's exact test and the Student's t-test or Mann-Whitney test. As measures of effect size, odds ratios (ORs) with confidence intervals and Cohen's D were calculated. Finally, a logistic regression was performed to cont... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Moore, Janette Mary. "Obsessive-compulsive symptom dimensions in young adolescent twins." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.534612.
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Mayerovitch, Jamie Isaac. "Treatment seeking for obsessive-compulsive disorder : role of ocd symptons and comorbid psychiatric diagnoses." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=30702.
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Background. Previous research has indicated that although obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is associated with immense suffering, and social and economic costs, individuals afflicted with the disorder have a very low rate of seeking help from mental health professionals. Methods. From standardized psychiatric interviews of 7214 Edmonton residents we identified 172 subjects with a lifetime diagnosis of OCD; 37% (63/172) had consulted a doctor about their symptoms. Results. Total number of symptoms (odds ratio, OR = 3.44) and severe obsessions of violence and other unpleasant thoughts (OR = 2.62) were significantly associated with treatment seeking in the multivariate analysis. Conclusion. This study was an important step in examining which specific symptoms and comorbid conditions are associated with treatment seeking. It was somewhat surprising that neither comorbid disorders nor any compulsive symptoms were related to treatment seeking behaviour. This study may be of benefit to future public education programs especially by teaching the public about compulsions.
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Carey, Paul D. (Paul Dermot). "Obsessive-compulsive disorder : serotonergic and dopaminergic system involvement in symptom generation and treatment response." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/21602.
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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2008.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Investigations into the neurobiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have provided useful insights into this prevalent and disabling disorder in recent decades. Encouraging advances have also been made in the pharmacological treatment of OCD. This has improved the quality of life for many who typically endure chronic unremitting symptoms. Despite the widespread use of first-line agents selective for the serotonergic system in OCD, relatively little is known about the neurobiology of treatment response, the specific components of the serotonin system involved in symptom modulation, and the overlapping and distinct brain regions impacted by alternative treatment options. Despite the advance that selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors have been, a significant proportion of patients still fail to respond adequately to these agents, and alternative pharmacological interventions are required. The use of dopamine antagonists, a strategy which until recently has had only limited supporting data, presents one such alternative. Little however, is known about which subsets of patients are most likely to respond to these agents. In this thesis, I will present a series of six studies that use pharmacological treatments and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) to make contributions to three primary areas in OCD namely; neurobiology, treatment and the intersection of the two. First, I address OCD neurobiology by examining the impact of OCD on resting brain function. I then examine the effects of pharmacological challenge of the serotonin 1B receptor using sumatriptan on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and clinical symptomatology. Second, I examine the intersection of neurobiology and treatment as I explore the changes in rCBF in response to treatment with inositol, a precursor of the phosphoinositol second messenger system. I then examine the distinct and overlapping effects on rCBF of treatment for 12 weeks with the selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor (SSRI) citalopram across anxiety disorders. Third, I address treatment of OCD by examining the efficacy of controlled augmentation of serotonin re-uptake inhibitors with quetiapine, a dopamine antagonist, in treatment refractory OCD. I then combine this data with a second similar dataset to derive a predictive model for treatment outcome with quetiapine augmentation of SRIs. I demonstrate that rCBF in OCD differs significantly from normal controls, is correlated with severity in frontal brain regions, and remains an important line of investigation for OCD pathophysiology that has yet to fully delineated. Pharmacological challenge of the 5HT1B autoreceptor with the selective agonist sumatriptan results in heterogeneous behavioural and regional brain perfusion changes in OCD. Attenuation of pre-frontal perfusion following 5HT1B agonist administration is in line with the effects of SRIs. This work suggests that direct or indirect effects of SRIs on the 5HT1B receptor may be involved in mediating a clinical response in OCD. In the section exploring the intersection of neurobiology and treatment, I show that changes in rCBF partially parallel treatment response to SSRIs across a range of anxiety disorders. These data suggest that a degree of overlap exists in the neurobiology of treatment response or indeed core neurobiology across different anxiety disorders. I then show that effective treatment with inositol in OCD results in rCBF changes that are partially in line with the effects of SRIs on brain perfusion. These data support suggestions that second messengers may form part of the common pathway of action for effective anti-obsessional compounds. In the study in which we augmented SRIs with quetiapine, no advantage over placebo was found. This data has, however, recently been combined with similar data in meta-analyses and demonstrated a benefit over placebo. Finally, we found that patients who have failed fewer SRI trials, have more severe illness, and clinical dimensions with a putative dopaminergic underpinning, may derive preferential benefit from serotonin/dopamine antagonist augmentation of SRIs. Through this series of clinical treatment and functional brain imaging studies in OCD, I have contributed to the neurobiological understanding of OCD, and its treatment in refractory populations. In addition I have explored the intersection of these two domains using novel as well as conventional treatment across other anxiety disorders. Treatment and pharmacological challenges used, either directly or indirectly impacted the monoamine systems serotonin and dopamine and advanced our understanding of their involvement in symptom generation. Future work should focus on the functional intersection of brain function, treatment response, and functional genetic polymorphisms within the monoamine systems of the brain.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Ondersoek na die neurobiologie van obsessief-kompulsiewe steuring (OKS) het in die afgelope dekades sinvolle bydraes gelewer tot die begrip van hierdie algemene en verminkende steuring. Bemoedigende vordering is ook in die farmakologiese behandeling van OKS gemaak. Dit het tot ’n verbetering in kwalitiet van lewe van meeste pasiënte gelei wat normaalweg kronies en onophoudelike simptome moet verduur. Ten spyte van die uiteenlopende gebruik van eerste-linie behandeling wat spesifiek inwerk op die serotonien sisteem in OKS, is relatief min bekend oor die neurobiologie van respons op behandeling. So ook is min bekend oor; eerstens die spesifieke komponente van die serotonien sisteem wat betrokke is by simptoom modulasie, en tweedens die gedeeltelik samevallende en afsonderlike brein streke wat deur alternatiewe farmakologiese behandelings beïnvloed word. Ten spyte van die vooruitgang wat die selektiewe serotonien heropname inhibeerders tot gevolg gehad het, is daar nog altyd ‘n betekenisvolle proporsie van pasiënte wat nie voldoende respondeer op hierdie behandelings opsie nie. Dus word alternatiewe opsies benodig. Een so ‘n opsie is die klas dopamien reseptor blokkeerders wat tot onlangs min ondersteunende data gehad het. So ook, is min bekend oor die subgroepe van pasiënte wat die meeste voordeel uit hierdie alternatief sal trek. In hierdie proefskrif sal ek ‘n reeks van ses studies wat farmakologiese middels en enkel foton emissie rekenaar tomografie (EFERT) gebruik om ‘n bydra tot kennis in drie primêre areas van OKS te maak. By name; neurobiologie, behandeling, en die kruispunt van die twee. Eerstens spreek ek neurobiologie aan deur middel van ’n studie wat rustende brein bloed vloei (rBBV) in OKS ondersoek. Hierna ondersoek ek veranderings op rBBV en simptome na eenmalige toediening van ‘n serotonien 1B reseptor agonis, sumatriptan. Tweedens ondersoek ek die kruispunt van neurobiologie en behandeling deur die effek van behandeling met inositol, ‘n voorloper van die fosfoinositol tweedeboodskapper sisteem, op rBBV. Ek ondersoek dan die rBBV patroon van veranderinge in brein streke wat deur twaalf weke van behandeling met die selektiewe serotonien heropname inhibeerder citalopram in verskeie angversteurings bewerkstellig word. Laastens, spreek ek behandeling van OKS aan deur middel van ‘n gekontroleerde studie wat ondersoek instel na die effektiwiteit van die byvoeging van quetiapien, ‘n dopamien reseptor antagonis, tot serotonien heropname inhibeerders in behandelingsweerstandige OKS. Ek kombineer dan hierdie data met ’n soortgelyke datastel om ‘n model af te lei wat kliniese uitkoms vir hierdie behandelings opsie voorspel. Ek het gedemonstreer dat rBBV in OKS betekenisvol verskil van gesonde vergelykbare kontroles. Hierdie verskille het gekorreleer met ernstigheid van OKS in frontale brein streke. Dus bly hierdie tipe studies ’n belangrike rigting van ondersoek in OKS patofisiologie wat tot op hede nie tenvolle uitgewerk is nie. Eenmalige toediening van sumatriptan, het heterogene gedrags en rBBV veranderings in OKS tot gevolg gehad. Pre-frontale verhogings in rBBV voor behandeling is met 5HT1B sumatriptan toediening verminder, ’n effek wat in lyn staan met die effek van selektiewe serotonien heropname inhibeerders. Hierdie werk stel voor dat direkte of indirekte effekte van selektiewe serotonien heropname inhibeerders op die 5HT1B reseptore betrokke mag wees by die meganisme van behandelingsrespons in OKS. In die afdeling waarin ek die kruispunt van neurobiologie en behandeling ondersoek, demonstreer ek dat rBBV veranderings gedeeltelik oorvleuel met dié wat deur selektiewe serotonien heropname inhibeerders veroorsaak word in verskeie angsversteurings. Hierdie data stel voor dat oorvleueling in die neurbiologie van beide behandelingsrespons en kern neurobiologie van hierdie angversteurings ’n waarskynlikheid is. Ek wys ook dat effektiewe behandeling met inositol in OKS ook veranderings in rBBV bewerkstellig wat gedeeltelik in lyn staan met dié van die selektiewe serotonien heropname inhibeerders. Hierdie data ondersteun dus hipoteses van ‘n gemeenskaplike meganisme, wat tweede boodskapper sisteme insluit, wat in die behandelings respons van effektiewe anti-obsessionale middels betrokke is. Die finale deel van hierdie proefskrif handel oor behandeling van OKS. Ten spyte van die onvermoë om ‘n verskil tussen quetiapien en plasebo te demonstreer, het ons onlangs met hierdie data in ‘n reeks meta-analises wel ‘n voordeel vir hierdie intervensie getoon. Ten slote, het ons gevind dat (1) pasiënte wat minder kursusse selektiewe serotonien heropname inhibeerders gefaal het; (2) voor behandeling ‘n erger vorm van OKS gehad het, en (3) ook voordoen met simptoom dimensies wat oënskynlik ‘n dopaminerge basis het, die grootste waarskynlikheid toon om met quetiapien byvoeging tot selektiewe serotonien heropname inhibeerders te respondeer. Met hierdie reeks behandelings en funksionele breinbeeldings ondersoeke, lewer ek ‘n bydra tot die begrip van OKS. Spesifiek dra ek by tot die begrip van die neurobiologie, hantering van behandelingsweerstandige OKS asook die kruispunt van die twee. Farmakologiese middels wat ons óf eenmalig óf vir ‘n volle behandelingskursus toegedien het, het direkte of indirekte uitwerkings op die serotonien and dopamien sisteme gehad, en dus dra hierdie werk ook by tot kennis oor dié se betrokkenheid al dan nie in simptoom modulasie in OKS. Toekomstige werk in die area sal in die breë fokus op die kruispunt van breinfunksie, behandelingsrespons en funksionele genetiese polimorfismes van die monoamien sisteem.
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Klein, Keith Patrick. "Predictors of latent-class trajectories of symptom change during intensive treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder." OpenSIUC, 2021. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1959.
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Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is relatively common (Ruscio, Stein, Chiu, & Kessler, 2010) and leads to significant functional impairment (World Health Organization, 2001). Research suggests that exposure and response prevention (EX/RP) is efficacious for reducing OCD symptoms (NICE, 2006); however, standard outpatient EX/RP does not effectively alleviate symptom severity among a substantial proportion of OCD patients (Abramowitz, 2006). Intensive EX/RP programs have been developed to address the needs of treatment-refractory OCD patients (Veale et al., 2016). While evidence from effectiveness studies suggests that intensive EX/RP programs lead to significant reductions in OCD symptom severity, a portion of patients do not demonstrate improvement in response to intensive treatment (e.g., Björgvinsson, Hart, et al., 2013; Boschen, Drummond, & Pillay, 2008). These findings underscore the need to identify reliable predictors of OCD patient response to intensive EX/RP to help target clinical and research efforts toward improving treatment outcomes for those least likely to respond to current treatment modalities. Therefore, the proposed study evaluated distinct trajectories of OCD symptom change across six-weeks of intensive treatment and examined factors that predict membership in those trajectory groups. Results suggested that three latent subgroups of OCD patients emerged with one demonstrating symptom relapse during intensive treatment. Further, OCD symptom severity was the only baseline factor that predicted latent-class membership. Implications and future directions of research are discussed.
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López, Solà Clara. "Genetic and Environmental Risk factors associated with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and its symptom dimensions: A twin study." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/311415.
Full textAbstract:
There is an incomplete understanding of the heritability and the specific genetic bases of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). It has a complex multifactorial etiology comprising both biological as well as psychosocial components not clearly elucidated. Moreover, OCD is clinically heterogeneous and it is unknown whether this complex phenotypic reflects distinct or partially distinct etiology mechanisms. Until recently OCD was designated as an anxiety disorder (AD) due to the similarities in phenomenology, comorbidity and aggregation in families suffering from various ADs. In this context, it was implicitly understood that OCD was sharing common etiological factors with other ADs. However, the idea that disorders not classified in the anxiety group could also be associated with OCD has generated an intense and controversial debate about whether OCD is indeed and AD or, in fact, more closely related to other disorders, with the anxiety merely as a consequence of OCD symptoms. Twin studies are considered a key tool in behavioral genetics used to dissect the nature (genetic) versus the nurture (environmental) contributions to individual phenotypes. Also, twin studies are one of the best ways of identifying genetic markers relevant to understand the etiological factors that underlie complex psychopathologies. Unfortunately, there is a lack of empirical twin studies that have actually directly compared the OCD, obsessive-compulsive and related disorders (OCRDs) and ADs together.
OBJECTIVES: To clarify biological components of OCD etiology by examining specific and shared genetic factors between Obsessive-Compulsive (OC) symptom dimensions (forbidden thoughts, checking, symmetry/ordering and washing) anxiety disorders (social phobia (SP), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and panic disorder (PD)) and OC spectrum disorders (body-dysmorphic disorder (BDD), hoarding disorder (HD) and hypochondriasis (HYP)). As a second aim this thesis would like to study the patter of causation relationships between OCD, the ADs and the OCRDs, using a new statistical approach to infer causation in twin data (ICE FALCON).
A non-clinical sample of 2,495 male and female twins of 18 to 45 years old was used to address these objectives.
The results of the present thesis show for the first time that the patterns of heritability of hypochondriasis, BDD and HD symptoms present genetic sex differences. Moreover, it shows that anxiety makes an essential contribution to the complex etiology of OCD. In the causation inference analysis it was demonstrated that OCD symptoms increase an individual’s probability to develop GAD, PD and HD symptoms, but not revers; and that social phobia increases an individual probability to develop OCD symptoms. Regarding OCD dimensions this thesis found that forbidden thoughts and washing show the highest association with the AD symptoms while symmetry/ordering shows the highest genetic specificity. On the other hand, checking dimension is genetically associated with other OCRDs (specifically BDD) and AD symptoms. Finally, only checking and symmetry/ordering dimensions share environmental factors with the ADs.
In summary, this thesis answers questions of high clinical and diagnostic relevance for OCD, one of the most prevalent mental disorders (2-3%) and one of the largest generators of chronic suffering and cost in the current health programs. All the results from this thesis are related to the biological basis underlying the disorder and are aimed to elucidate more stable endophenotypes of analysis. This could have a large impact on both, improving patients’ quality of life and in the reduction of costs associated with the handling of a complex and heterogeneous disorder.El trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo (TOC) es una enfermedad mental con una clara etiología multifactorial que engloba tanto componentes biológicos como psicosociales no del todo esclarecidos. Los estudios con gemelos son considerados una de las principales herramientas en la genética de conducta para identificar marcadores genéticos relevantes que subyacen a patologías complejas. En la presente tesis se pretende, mediante modelos de ecuaciones estructurales con gemelos, esclarecer los componentes biológicos del TOC al examinar los factores genéticos específicos y compartidos que existen entre las dimensiones de síntomas obsesivos (pensamientos prohibidos, comprobación, orden/simetría y contaminación/limpieza), síntomas de ansiedad (pánico, ansiedad generalizada y fobia social) y síntomas de otros trastornos del espectro obsesivo (trastorno dismórfico corporal y acumulación), en una muestra no-clínica de 2495 gemelos de entre 18 y 45 años. En segundo lugar estudiar el patrón de relaciones causales entre los síntomas TOC, del espectro ansioso y obsesivo, utilizando una nueva metodología de análisis con gemelos. Los resultados de esta tesis muestran por primera vez un patrón de heredabilidad diferente entre hombres y mujeres en los síntomas del espectro obsesivo (en concreto en el trastorno dismórfico corporal y de acumulación). Por otro lado, se demuestra una clara implicación del componente ansioso en la etiología del TOC, compartiendo tanto factores genéticos (especialmente en la dimensión de contaminación y pensamientos prohibidos) como ambientales (principalmente en orden/simetría y comprobación). Los síntomas del trastorno dismórfico corporal (TDC) también comparten genética con el TOC, especialmente con la dimensión obsesiva de comprobación. Los resultados demuestran que la genética asociada al TOC no se explica mejor con los trastornos del espectro obsesivo, sino que la ansiedad es un constructo esencial en su etiología. En la misma línea, la presencia de síntomas TOC aumenta la probabilidad de padecer síntomas de pánico y ansiedad generalizada; mientras que la presencia de síntomas de fobia social incrementa significativamente la probabilidad de desarrollar síntomas TOC. La presencia de síntomas obsesivos aumenta la posibilidad de que el mismo sujeto pueda presentar síntomas de acumulación a lo largo de la vida. Estos hallazgos ayudarán a futuros estudios a esclarecer qué factores genéticos, ambientales y/o epigenéticos específicos están asociados al TOC o son compartidos con otros trastornos relacionados.
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Mcguire, Joseph F. "The Role Of Dysregulation in Pediatric Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: An Examination of Symptom Severity, Impairment and Treatment Outcome." Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4155.
Full textAbstract:
Pediatric OCD is frequently complicated by co-occurrences with ADHD, mood and anxiety disorders. Although each of these disorders is associated with impaired self-regulation, there has been little examination of impaired self-regulation (i.e., dysregulation) in youth with OCD. Dysregulation is characterized by affective, behavioral and cognitive problems, and can be assessed using the Child Behavior Checklist-Dysregulation Profile (CBCL-DP). Dysregulation may help account for the varied yet related findings identified for symptom severity, impairment and treatment outcome in pediatric OCD. This study examined the role of dysregulation on symptom severity, impairment and treatment outcome in a large sample of youth with OCD.
A total of 144 youth with primary OCD participated in this study. Clinicians administered the Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS), Clinical Global Impression of Severity (CGI-S) and a 13-item scale of family accommodation. Children completed the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC), and the Child Depression Inventory (CDI). Parents completed the CBCL, with both children and parents completing parallel versions of the Child OCD Impact Scale (COIS-C/P). Within this sample, 97 of these youth received exposure-based CBT and completed the same assessment battery along with the Clinical Global Impression of Improvement (CGI-I) after treatment.
Twenty-nine youth (20%) with OCD met categorical criteria for dysregulation. Dysregulated youth had greater obsessive-compulsive symptom severity, depressive mood, and exhibited greater rates of family accommodation and impairment than children without dysregulation. Hierarchical regressions revealed that the level of dysregulation predicted child-and-parent rated impairment, above and beyond obsessive-compulsive severity. Additionally, dysregulation predicted clinician-rated family accommodation above and beyond obsessive-compulsive severity. When examining treatment outcome to exposure-based CBT, a logistic regression indicated that baseline dysregulation did not predict treatment responder status. Although not predicting treatment response, it was found that youth who discontinued treatment (18%) had significantly higher dysregulation than youth who completed treatment (p < .02). For youth who completed exposure-based CBT, a significant decrease in obsessive-compulsive symptom severity and dysregulation was observed (p < .01).
Collectively, these findings suggest that youth with OCD and dysregulation experience more severe symptoms and have greater impairment than youth with more regulated functioning. As dysregulation was associated with treatment discontinuation, dysregulated youth with OCD may require more individualized interventions to treat dysregulated behavior prior to receiving exposure-based CBT. For youth who complete treatment, exposure-based CBT reduces obsessive-compulsive symptom severity and its benefits generalize to reductions in dysregulated behaviors as well.
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Reess, Tim Jonas [Verfasser], and Kathrin [Akademischer Betreuer] Koch. "Connectomics-based network analyses and structure-symptom relationships in obsessive-compulsive disorder / Tim Jonas Reess ; Betreuer: Kathrin Koch." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1164968459/34.
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Miller, Michelle L. "A comprehensive examination of anxiety and its risk factors in the perinatal period." Diss., University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6473.
Full textAbstract:
The perinatal period is increasingly recognized as a vulnerable time for the development and exacerbation of psychopathology symptoms. Research has often focused on perinatal depression, with limited information on perinatal anxiety. This study examined the psychometric structure of all anxiety and depressive disorder symptoms as well as explored the relation between perinatal internalizing symptoms and sociodemographic, obstetric, and psychological risk factors. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a common perinatal anxiety disorder that is now classified with the Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum (OCS) (hoarding, body dysmorphic, trichotillomania, and excoriation disorders). This study also aimed to determine the prevalence of clinically significant OCS symptoms and their association with postpartum adjustment.
Participants recruited from the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics (N =246) completed an online questionnaire and a structured clinical interview during pregnancy (28-32 weeks gestation) and the postpartum (6-8 weeks). Questionnaires assessed demographics, pregnancy complications, anxiety sensitivity, coping strategies, maternal attitudes and experiential avoidance. Clinical interviews dimensionally assessed all anxiety and depressive symptoms as well as past psychiatric diagnoses.
Confirmatory factor analyses identified three factors: Distress (depression, GAD, irritability, and panic); Fear (social anxiety, agoraphobia, specfic phobia, and OCD); and Bipolar (mania and OCD) during pregnancy and the postpartum. During pregnancy, structural equation modeling demonstrated that past psychiatric history predicted Distress and Fear symptoms. Experiential avoidance mediated the relation between negative coping strategies and Fear symptoms. In the postpartum, negative maternal attitudes predicted Distress symptoms. Experiential avoidance mediated the relation between negative coping strategies and Fear symptoms as well as between anxiety sensitivity and Fear symptoms. There were low rates of clinically significant OCS symptoms, except for body dysmorphic disorder symptoms. Elevations in all OCS disorder symptoms were significantly associated with more difficulty adjusting to the postpartum.
Past psychiatric history, negative maternal attitudes, and experiential avoidance are particularly important risk factors for perinatal anxiety. Future clinical research should be aimed at identifying at-risk women and modifying experiential avoidance during the perinatal period. Elevated OCS symptoms, particularly body dysmorphic disorder symptoms, affect postpartum adjustment. Future intervention work should focus on assessing and treating perinatal body dysmorphic disorder symptoms.
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Treudler, Leopold Paul [Verfasser], and Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Zaudig. "Korrelation der Zwangssubskala des ICD-10-Symptom-Ratings mit der Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale in einer stationären Stichprobe von Patientinnen und Patienten mit Zwangsstörung / Leopold Paul Treudler ; Betreuer: Michael Zaudig." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1155097424/34.
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