Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Observer-self'
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1
Seward, John F. "A DSP based general self-tuning observer controller /." Online version of thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11705.
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Bajuk, Kristine J., of Western Sydney Nepean University, and Faculty of Education. "Self concept and anxiety in behaviour disordered middle school children: discrepancy between self report and observer rating." THESIS_FE_XXX_Bajuk_K.xml, 1995. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/135.
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This thesis examines the perceptions of interpersonal adequacy held by preadolescent behaviour disordered boys through comparisons with perceptions held of them by putative significant others and normative comparison with their peers. The sample, selected according to behavioural status, comprised 70 boys drawn from 22 regular primary schools in south west Sydney, Australia. Thirty five boys, identified as behaviour disordered, were matched with boys whose behaviour was perceived to be appropriate in the school setting. An overview of the results would suggest that the influence of selected putative significant others on the multidimensional self concepts of preadolescent boys is not universal and varies according to behavioural classificationDoctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Bajuk, Kristine J. "Self concept and anxiety in behaviour disordered middle school children : discrepancy between self report and observer rating /." View thesis, 1995. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030821.130600/index.html.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Western Sydney, Nepean, 1995."The sample, selected according to behavioural status, comprised 70 boys drawn from 22 regular primary schools in south west Sydney, Australia" -- Abstract. Bibliography: leaves 249-267.
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Schonwetter, Sara Wendi. "An Evaluation of Reactivity to Observer Presence While Self-Monitoring to Improve Swimming Performance." Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4221.
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The current study evaluated the effects of self-monitoring by swimmers to improve their performance at practice and assessed the effects of reactivity to observer presence on their performance. Additionally, it investigated the accuracy of the swimmers' self-reports. Seven public high school swim team members used program boards to self-monitor in order to increase the number of assigned laps completed at practice. Reactivity to observer presence was assessed by having a confederate record the number of laps completed during observer absent conditions. A series of AB replications and an ABAB reversal design were used. The percentage of assigned laps completed increased during the self-monitoring phases. The self-monitoring and feedback phase showed an additional increase in the percentage of assigned laps completed, and also showed an increase in the mean level of reporting accuracy by the participants. The effects from the reactivity assessment were mixed; the percentage of assigned laps completed was lower on days that the observer was absent compared to the days the observer is present for only some of the participants. More research is needed to examine reactivity effects in sport settings.
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Shaffer, Jonathan Andrew. "Controlling personality tendencies: predicting observer-rated personality from the interaction between general mental ability and self-rated personality." Diss., University of Iowa, 2010. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/737.
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Research has determined that measures of general mental ability (GMA) and personality are valid predictors of a wide range of work outcomes. Two of the most well established findings in the field of organizational psychology are that GMA and two of the Big Five personality traits, conscientiousness and emotional stability, predict overall job performance and training performance across all jobs. Though both GMA and personality are valid predictors of job performance, the validities of personality measures are much weaker than those observed for measures of GMA.
Some argue that personality may play a larger role in predicting work outcomes than currently believed, but that current measures of personality do not capture the construct fully. Several researchers have attempted to increase the validity of personality measures by altering the items in the measures so that they refer specifically to work contexts, and others have examined the validity of observer ratings of personality. This study draws on the theory of cognitive buffering to test the possibility is that GMA itself that causes the impact of personality traits on real life performances to be limited. That is, that people may use their GMA to control the expression of their personality tendencies in their behavior.
The results showed that GMA and personality interacted to predict peer ratings of personality, but not as initially hypothesized. Self-monitoring and personality also interacted to predict peer ratings of personality, but, again, not as hypothesized.
Several possible explanations for the results of this study are discussed, including the notion that that individuals may make efforts to manage only those personality traits that are most relevant in given situations. Moreover, it may be the case that dispositions are less subject to the process of cognitive buffering than are emotions and affect. Limitations of this study and opportunities for future research are also discussed.
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Azbel-Jackson, Lena. "Regulation of emotional responses using an Implementation Intention and an Observer Mental Imagery : exploring changes in self-reports and physiological responses." Thesis, University of Reading, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.627933.
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It has been demonstrated that emotion regulatory goals can be successfully accomplished using implementation intentions (e.g., Schweiger Gallo, McCulloch, Gollwitzer, 2012) or mental imagery (e.g., Davis, Ochsner, Gross, 2011) as emotion regulatory strategies. The effectiveness of these strategies was assessed by examining changes in subjective reports of experienced emotion. In the present thesis these findings are explored and extended in five experiments in which the impact of forming either an implementation intentions or an Observer visual imagery perspective on self-reports and on physiological arousal, measured by changes in Electrodermal and Heart Rate responses. Study 1 was designed to examine whether an implementation intention would be effective in realizing the emotion regulatory outcome specified in the 'then' component of this 'if-then' plan to the picture type specified in the 'if component ("If! see a weapon, then 1 will stay calm and relaxed! "), in the absence of an additional goal intention. To control for an attentional bias towards negative content, in addition to neutral pictures the participants viewed two types of negative pictures: ones depicting a weapon (then component I cue) or non-weapon negative pictures. These were viewed after either an Implementation Intention (IMP), or a Goal Intention (GI, "1 will stay calm and relaxed! "), or no self-regulatory (Control) instructions. The effectiveness of the IMP instructions was determined by comparing participants' arousal ratings to the negative pictures between experimental conditions and to the non-weapon pictures within the experimental conditions. The results showed that only participants in the IMP condition reported feeling calmer after viewing the non-weapon pictures and the weapon pictures (relative to Control and GI conditions). These findings provide a replication of Schweiger Gallo et al.'s (2009) observation that the emotion regulatory goals can be accomplished using an implementation intention, and extend them by demonstrating the effectiveness of an implementation intention in the absence of a prior goal intention. These effects are thought to reflect the benefits of forming an "if-then" plan by increasing cue (weapon picture) accessibility and enhancing the association between this cue and the emotion regulatory outcome (staying calm and relaxed).
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Kunkel, Jennifer, and Kristina Chen. "Actor-observer effekten och bilkörning : Hur attribuerar människor beteenden vid riskabel bilkörning?" Thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-677.
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Actor-observer bias är tendensen där människan som aktörer tillskriver sitt beteende till yttre omständigheter medan observatörer tenderar till att tillskriva aktörens beteende till personliga faktorer. Syftet med denna studie var att få en klarare bild av hur människor i sin roll som aktör eller observatör attribuerar ett riskabelt bilkörningsbeteende. Deltagarna bestod av 101 svenska studenter från en högskola i Mellansverige varav 77 stycken var kvinnor och 24 stycken var män. Deltagarna fick svara på en enkät angående actor-observer bias och riskfullt bilkörningsbeteende. Resultaten visade att andras beteende förklaras mer av personliga egenskaper än då personen själv kör riskfullt medan yttre omständigheter inte gav skillnad för vare sig andra eller en själv. Betydelsen av detta och implikationer för framtida forskning diskuterades.
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Sharp, Melanie. "Validation of self-reports for use in contact research." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:3ee1df93-1a91-4645-b298-d1d2a80853ff.
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The aim of this thesis was to investigate whether self-report measures of contact are valid for use in research testing the ‘contact hypothesis’. The vast majority of contact research has relied on the assumed validity of self-report methods of data collection (Pettigrew & Tropp, 2006), even though the potential weaknesses of self-report methodology generally have been well documented. This reliance is necessary, as self-reports remain the only practical method so far developed of measuring certain of the facilitating conditions developed by Allport (1954/1979), and particularly of direct and indirect cross-group friendship (Pettigrew, 1998; Wright, Aron, McLaughlin-Volpe, & Ropp, 1997). However, if self-reports are not a valid method for measuring contact, the derived implications of a large portion of the research effort are potentially flawed. This thesis attempted to address this important oversight, using a variety of methods to investigate whether the use of self-reports in future research on intergroup contact is appropriate. Studies 1 and 2 demonstrated that self-reports of contact show considerable resistance to context effects, particularly in comparison with self-reports of the more subjective construct of attitudes. Studies 3-5 demonstrated that self-reports of contact agree with the observer-reports of a single observer who knows the target intimately – the spouse or parent. Studies 6 and 7 replicate this agreement through the consensually supported observer-reports of three close friends of the target, thereby reducing any variance due to individual response biases. Finally, studies 8 and 9 demonstrate the concurrent criterion-related validity of self-reports of contact, in that they are able to predict contact on a very large online network called Facebook, on which real-world rather than purely online friendships are primarily represented. These findings offer considerable support for the validity of self-reports as a suitable method for measuring contact. As self-reports remain the only method which has thus far proven suitable for the measurement of those aspects of contact which are essential for exploration of the contact hypothesis, this thesis presents a very heartening and optimistic conclusion and supports the continued use of self-reports in contact research.
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Diehl, Rafael. "Máquinas, inscrições e observador : o problema da visualização do conhecimento numa abordagem sistêmica." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/27966.
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Nesta tese, argumenta-se que as inscrições são a interface a partir da qual é possível considerar metodologicamente a condição de observadores na visualização do conhecimento. Para isso, considera-se os limites dos sistemas formais, a crise da representação e o modelo da Máquina de Turing como afirmações da condição encarnada do conhecer. Nesse contexto, a noção de informação mostra-se indício de uma transição paradigmática entre um modelo de conhecimento representacional, no qual a posição de um observador frente às representações não entra na configuração analisada, e um modelo sistêmico, que exige a consideração de diferentes níveis de organização e suas limitações que emergem da autorreferência. Propõe-se a noção superfície de inscrição para abordar a relação entre operatividades mecânicas, como a encontrada nos computadores, e o domínio consensual da linguagem que permite explicar um mundo entendido como realidade. Essa noção é forjada como um artifício teóricometodológico para evitar, em contextos educativos e de pesquisa, a reificação de uma posição frente aos quadros explicativos que reforça dicotomias tipo natureza-cultura e deslegitima o potencial enunciativo de qualquer ser humano. O artifício é proposto em três campos de análise e legibilidade: o campo das condições técnicas das superfícies; a estabilização de uma posição de observação diante das superfícies de inscrição; e o contexto político do uso de tais superfícies para compartilhar e explicar.On this thesis, we discuss that the inscriptions are the interface from which it is possible to consider the conditions of observers methodologically on the knowledge visualization; therefore, we consider the formal systems limits, the representation crisis, and the Turing Machine Model as affirmations of the embodied condition of knowledge. In this context, the notion of information proves to be an indicative of a paradigmatic shift from a representational model of knowledge, in which the position of an observer in the face of representations does not infer the configuration that was analyzed, and a systemic model, which demands consideration of different levels of organization and its limitations that emerge from self-reference. We propose the notion of inscription surface to tackle the relation of different kinds of mechanical operability, as the one found in computers, and the consensual domain of language that helps one to explain a world perceived as reality. This notion is forged as a theoretic-methodological stratagem to avoid, in educational and research contexts, the reification of a position related to the explanatory frameworks that reinforces dichotomies such as nature-culture and delegitimizes the enunciative potential of any humanbeing. The stratagem is proposed in three fields of analysis and readability: the field of technical conditions of the surfaces; a position of observation stabilization on the inscription surfaces, and the political context of the use of such surfaces to share and explain.
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Spurr, Jane. "The observer perspective : its role in the maintenance of social phobia and social anxiety." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340306.
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Belz, Steven Mark. "An On-Road Investigation of Commercial Motor Vehicle Operators and Self-Rating of Alertness and Temporal Separation as Indicators of Driver Fatigue." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29589.
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This on-road field investigation employed, for the first time, a completely automated, trigger-based data collection system capable of evaluating driver performance in an extended duration real-world commercial motor vehicle environment. The complexities associated with the development of the system, both technological and logistical and the necessary modifications to the plan of research are presented herein
This study, performed in conjunction with an on-going three year contract with the Federal Highway Administration, examined the use of self-rating of alertness and temporal separation (minimum time-to-collision, minimum headway, and mean headway) as indicators of driver fatigue. Without exception, the regression analyses for both the self-rating of alertness and temporal separation yielded models low in predictive ability; neither metric was found to be a valid indicator of driver fatigue. Various reasons for the failure of self-rating of fatigue as a valid measure are discussed. Dispersion in the data, likely due to extraneous (non-fatigue related) factors (e.g., other drivers) are credited with reducing the sensitivity of the temporal separation indicators.
Overall fatigue levels for all temporal separation incidents (those with a time-to-collision equal to or less than four seconds) were found to be significantly higher than for those randomly triggered incidents. On this basis, it is surmised that temporal separation may be a sensitive indicator for time-to-collision values greater than the 4-second criterion employed in this study.
Two unexpected relationships in the data are also discussed. A "wall" effect was found to exist for minimum time-to-collision values at 1.9 seconds. That is, none of the participants who participated in this research effort exhibited following behaviors with less than a 1.9-second time-to-collision criterion. In addition, based upon the data collected for this research, anecdotal evidence suggests that commercial motor vehicle operators do not appear to follow the standard progression of events associated with the onset of fatigue.Ph. D.
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Miao, Chao. "Individual Traits and Entrepreneurial Intentions: The Mediating Role of Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy and Need for Cognition." VCU Scholars Compass, 2015. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3894.
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The field of entrepreneurship is rapidly advancing and matures as a discipline that receives substantial amount of attention. One popular area of research in the discipline of entrepreneurship is to investigate one’s intent to start a business, which is entrepreneurial intention. This is an important construct that warrants ongoing research because entrepreneurial intention is not only a great predictor of entrepreneurial behavior but also an important step in the process of becoming an entrepreneur. The present study, based on a sample of 321 subjects along with 264 observers, makes five contributions to the entrepreneurship literature. First, I examined the psychometric property of entrepreneurial take-over intention and found that it is a construct different from entrepreneurial start-up intention. Second, the results demonstrated that risk propensity and proactive personality are positive predictors of entrepreneurial start-up and take-over intentions, whereas cognitive ability is a negative predictor of entrepreneurial start-up and take-over intentions. Rebelliousness is a positive predictor of entrepreneurial take-over intention and also has an inverted U-shaped relationship with entrepreneurial take-over intention. Third, entrepreneurial self-efficacy mediates the relationship between three individual traits (i.e., emotional intelligence, risk propensity, and proactive personality) and entrepreneurial start-up and take-over intentions. Need for cognition mediates the relationship between two individual traits (i.e., cognitive ability and proactive personality) and entrepreneurial start-up intention. Fourth, 2D:4D ratio (a proxy measure for prenatal testosterone exposure level) negatively predicts risk propensity. There also exist two two-step mediations from 2D:4D ratio to both entrepreneurial start-up and take-over intentions through risk propensity and entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Fifth, the results suggest that observer ratings of individual traits only contribute modest incremental validity above and beyond self-reported ratings of them in predicting entrepreneurial start-up and take-over intentions. I discuss implications, limitations, and future directions informed by the present study.
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YANG, Hung-Yen OU, and 歐陽弘彥. "Self-Sensing Method for PM Synchronous Machine Based on Equivalent EMF and Tracking Observer." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/63557448045992147933.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
機械工程學研究所
101
This thesis proposes a self-sensing method based, combining the equivalent-EMF method and tracking observer, for PMSMs, and this method can be applied for medium and high-speed operation. The terms of equivalent EMF are obtained by equivalent-EMF method, and are used as the input of tracking observer. Afterward the estimated electrical rotor position and rotor speed can be obtained by tracking observer. The proposed method in this thesis successfully eliminates the phase-lag properties result from the LPF which is added into the equivalent-EMF method, and improves the equivalent-EMF method’s performance. The experimental results show that the steady-state and transient response of the proposed method are good, and the performance is better than extended-EMF method’s.
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Chen, Pin Hao, and 陳品皓. "The Influence of Self-focused Attention on Social Anxious Individuals in a Social Threat Context:The Exploration on the Imagery, the Observer Perspective, and the Anxiety Emotion." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35012052000269415409.
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碩士國立政治大學
心理學研究所
99
This study aimed to explore the imagery of high social anxious individuals in the social-evaluative context by manipulating self-focused attention , and also attempted to clarify the content of the imagery, the perspective formed by the context, and the influence on the anxiety emotion. The past studies on the issues of whether the negative self-imagery of high social anxious individuals spontaneously occurred in a social threat context or only occurred in the self-focused attention have not carried out any empirical research so far, and thus it is the main research purpose of this study. In this study, 37 high and 36 low social anxious individuals were selected to conduct the experiment. After being manipulated the self-focused attention according to the groups to which they had been assigned, the participants had to engage in a social evaluation task, and a further investigation would be undertaken according to their content of inner imagery obtained in the task. The research results showed that high social anxious individuals being manipulated the self-focused attention apparently had a higher proportion of negative messages in their content of imagery and also had a relatively higher change in their anxiety emotion before and after the experiment. On the contrast, no higher proportion of negative messages in the content of imagery was observed in the group of high social anxious individuals that were not being manipulated the self-focused attention and in other two groups of low social anxious individuals. Similarly, there were no significant differences in the forms presented and the anxiety emotion in those groups as well. The inner imagery of high social anxious individuals would be influenced by the present status of the focus of attention. While in a higher self-focused attention, the content of imagery tends to be more negative, and tends to be observer perspective.
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Kaplan, Roleen Sandra. "The influence of hypnosis in the context of sports-injuries : an ecosystemic perspective." Diss., 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/17051.
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In this study an ecosystemic approach to self-hypnosis was utilised as a tool to explore and
describe the healing of sport injuries. Four injured Subjects, from four different sporting
activities participated in the study. Self-hypnosis/hypnosis was used as a linguistic means
to perturb the problem-defining ideas within which the sport injury was embedded. Problem
dis-solution involved a process of reframing each Subject's current reality through dialogue,
and a new reality for each respective Subject was co-constructed through consequent
linguistic differentiation. The hypnotist, participating in the linguistic domain as an equal
participant, looked for intended meanings in each respective conversational exchange with
the athletes, and synthesised information creatively. This process and the thinking behind
each case study is described in detail in this dissertation.Psychology
M.A. (Psychology)
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Rathnam, Anbananthan. "Whole Teachers: A Holistic Education Perspective on Krishnamurti‘s Educational Philosophy." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/35936.
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The purpose of this qualitative research study, which utilizes a phenomenological inquiry method, is to inquire into the awareness of what it means to be a whole teacher from the perspective of the philosophy of Jiddu Krishnamurti, a philosopher/spiritual teacher.
Four participants (teachers) were interviewed from the Oak Grove School, an alternative, holistic school founded by Krishnamurti in 1974. This inquiry probed into teachers’ thinking, teachers’ lives, teachers’ inner lives, teachers’ contemplative practices, teachers’ calling/vocation and teachers’ pedagogy. The findings of this inquiry reveal the awareness that exists among the participants with regards to their understanding of Krishnamurti’s educational philosophy and the way in which this philosophy has shaped their lives and the lives of their students (both implicit- ly and explicitly) The findings from this research further show that Krishnamurti’s philosophy has certainly had an impact on the participants’ wholeness. Krishnamurti was never interested in imposing his philosophy on the teachers to think in a narrow groove. Rather, he challenged them to arrive at wholeness or a holistic approach towards living by their own volition, by putting aside all philosophy, including his own.
This research points towards the possible ways in which wholeness can be developed using: Innate wisdom (teachers’ inner life, teachers’ calling); wisdom gained through experiencing life (teachers’ life, teachers’ thinking); wisdom gained through their teaching experience (teachers’ pedagogy) and wisdom gained through practices that bring harmony to the mind, body and spirit (teachers’ contemplative approaches).
An experiential model titled, The Flower Model: An Experiential Metaphor – which integrates the three stages of awareness – was developed using Krishnamurti’s approach towards wholeness. This model can be used to guide teachers with their respective psychological conditionings that reside or exist in their thinking, lives, inner lives, contemplative practices, vocation and pedagogy/curriculum design.