Academic literature on the topic 'Observed-self'
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Journal articles on the topic "Observed-self"
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Rachlin, Howard. "Self-control observed." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 18, no. 1 (March 1995): 148–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00037912.
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AbstractComplex cases of self-control involve processes such as guilt-avoidance, inhibition, self-punishment, conscious thought, free will, and imagination. Such processes, conceived as internal mediating mechanisms, serve the function in psychological theory of avoiding teleological causation. Acceptance of the scientific legitimacy of teleological behaviorism would obviate the need for internal mediation, redefine the above processes in terms of temporally extended patterns of overt behavior, and clarify their relation to selfcontrol.
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Ābele, Līva, Sonja Haustein, Mette Møller, and Ingo Zettler. "Links between observed and self-reported driving anger, observed and self-reported aggressive driving, and personality traits." Accident Analysis & Prevention 140 (June 2020): 105516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2020.105516.
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Narita, Takayuki, Hirokazu Takakura, Naoko Ogata, Hidetaka Kawakita, and Yushi Oishi. "Self-pulsation observed in pH-sensitive microcapsules." Chem. Commun. 49, no. 9 (2013): 919–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2cc36026h.
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Rocco, Diego, Francesco De Bei, Attà Negri, and Luca Filipponi. "The relationship between self-observed and other-observed countertransference and session outcome." Psychotherapy 58, no. 2 (June 2021): 301–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/pst0000356.
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Palucka, Tim. "Nano Focus: Self-cooling observed in graphene electronics." MRS Bulletin 36, no. 5 (May 2011): 330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs.2011.118.
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Brådvik, Louise, Per Hulenvik, Arne Frank, Alvaro Medvedeo, and Mats Berglund. "Self‐reported and observed heroin overdoses in Malmoe." Journal of Substance Use 12, no. 2 (January 2007): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14659890601178667.
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Poonian, S. K., and Ross Cunnington. "Intentional binding in self-made and observed actions." Experimental Brain Research 229, no. 3 (April 11, 2013): 419–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00221-013-3505-5.
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Iizuka, Yuichi. "Men's and Women's Self-Reported Ratings of Feeling Observed." Perceptual and Motor Skills 88, no. 2 (April 1999): 621. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1999.88.2.621.
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Yang, Shuhong, Jun Zhang, Ting Li, and Yang Liu. "Self-cancellation of solar ephemeral regions observed by SDO." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 8, S294 (August 2012): 159–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921313002433.
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AbstractWe study the ephemeral regions (ERs) in the quiet Sun observed by the Solar Dynamics Observatory, and find that they can be classified into two types: normal ERs (NERs) and self-cancelled ERs (SERs). We identify 2988 ERs among which there are 190 SERs, about 6.4% of the ERs. The total self-cancelled flux is 9.8% of the total ER flux. We suggest that the self-cancellation of SERs is caused by the submergence of magnetic loops connecting the dipolar patches, without magnetic energy release.
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Madan, A. K., C. T. Frantzides, C. Tebbit, and N. Shervin. "Self-reported versus observed scores in laparoscopic skills training." Surgical Endoscopy 19, no. 5 (March 11, 2005): 670–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00464-004-8120-x.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Observed-self"
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Pear, Suzanne Marie 1948. "Nurses' self-report of universal precautions use and observed compliance." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277173.
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A descriptive correlational study was conducted to develop and test a Universal Precautions (UP) Scale designed to monitor nurses' compliance with the practice of universal precautions in the hospital setting. Subscales of the Universal Precautions Scale included barrier precautions usage, personal carefulness factors and handwashing. Nurses (n = 59) working in special care units completed the demographic survey, the UP scale, and the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale. Concurrent validity was investigated by observing handwashing behavior of a subgroup (n = 34) of those nurses surveyed. Self-report of handwashing frequency did not correlate with observed handwashing frequency, although observed handwashing adequacy did relate with self-reported handwashing adequacy and personal carefulness factors. The UP scale, as constructed, was not related to the handwashing behavior, one behavioral indicator of use of universal precautions, but has demonstrated a potential for further refinement and testing.
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Hersh, Matthew A. Hussong Andrea M. "The impact of observed parental emotion socialization on adolescent self-medication." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,1607.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008.Title from electronic title page (viewed Sep. 16, 2008). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Psychology." Discipline: Psychology; Department/School: Psychology.
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Mayorga, Carla Cecilia. "Self-Reported and Observed Cultural Competence and Therapeutic Alliance in Family Therapy." Scholarly Repository, 2008. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/163.
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Because of its political and philosophical launching ground (Arredondo & Perez, 2006), cultural competence did not begin as an empirical research program, and as a result, there remains disagreement about how to define and measure cultural competence. Although the application of cultural competence remains unclear to some psychologists (Fuertes et al., 2006), it is now common knowledge that the therapeutic alliance is a statistically and clinically significant contributor to effective therapy. This pilot study merges two prominent bodies of literature, cultural competence and therapeutic alliance, with the underlying assumption that a culturally competent counselor will be able to provide effective service through the therapeutic relationship (Pope-Davis et al., 2002). This pilot study was designed to provide information about the relationship between therapists' self-reports and their observed behaviors regarding cultural competence (CC), examine how therapists' CC facilitates the formation of working alliances, and examine the role of CC in predicting parent-child discrepancy in alliance. Participants were family therapists and family members involved in a multi-site clinical trial study (Parent Study) evaluating Brief Strategic Family Therapy (BSFT™; Szapocznik, Hervis, & Schwartz, 2003). A total of 14 therapists from 8 community treatment programs from across the country were included in the rating portion of the study. The Parent Study included African American and Hispanic families with adolescents ages 12-17, mostly referred from the juvenile justice system. Scores from Roysircar's Multicultural Counseling Inventory (MCI; 1994) and Cultural Diversity Observer Rating Scale (CDORS; 2005) were compared. Observed therapeutic alliance was evaluated using the Vanderbilt Therapeutic Alliance Scale-Revised. The associations were evaluated with 3 multilevel univariate linear models using HLM software. Since 6 of 14 therapists (43%) completed the MCI, the pilot study was completed without self-reported competence as a predictor of therapeutic alliance (only CDORS was used). The results of this study failed to provide support for the hypothesized relationships between cultural competence and therapeutic alliance. These results are discussed in light of the methodological limitations of this study and suggestions are made to improve future investigations in this area.
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Zhang, Xiaojun. "Analysis and pre-processing of signals observed in optical feedback self-mixing interferometry." School of Electrical, Computer and Telecommunications Engineering - Faculty of Informatics, 2008. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/102.
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Since the laser technlology has been applied for providing highly precise measurement, laser interferometry based systems have found increasing applications in the distance, displace measurement and related applications. Recently, a simple construction of laser interferometer with the use of so-called optical feedback self-mixing interferometry (OFSMI) effect has become a popular technique in optical measurement field. In comparison with conventional interferometer, OFSMI enables simple, compact size and cheap interferometer devices to be implemented.This thesis studies the spectrum characteristics of OFSMI signals and outlines novel approaches to analysze and process the noisy signal at the time and frequency domain simultaneously. The work is motivated by the observation that, when OFSMI signal is given at weak feedback regime (feedback parameter C _ 1), the signal is strictly bandlimited, consequently an linear band-pass filter can be applied to remove the noise disturbance while preserving the signals waveform unchanged. On the other hand, in case of OFSMI signal is obtained with C > 1, an efficient denoising algorithm based on joint time-frequency representation (TFR) can be applied. It has been found that TFR approach provides an sufficient prospective for study the behavior of OFSMI signals for C > 1.This work contributes to the framework of pre-processing and analyzing of OFMSI signals. This thesis focus on the spectrum characteristics and the noise attenuation at weak and moderate feedback regime. To achieve this, the ability of band-pass FIR filters and TFR methods in OFSMI signal processing have been evaluated and compared. The results of this work lead to an significant improvement to the performance of OFSMI based laser measurement system.
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Cleary, Audrey. "Self-Regulation by Adolescent Substance Users in the Context of Observed Family Interaction." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145403.
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Prevailing views of adolescent self-regulation (ASR) in the developmental and family psychology literatures share a common regard for this construct as a disposition or trait. An alternative contextual perspective would view self-regulation as a transaction between an individual and the relevant social context. The purpose of the current study was to examine such a perspective among substance-using adolescents and their families.Participants were 457 substance-using adolescents who had been referred for treatment at eight geographically disparate U.S. and Puerto Rico community treatment agencies. Families participated in a family interaction assessment task (FIAT) in which they planned a menu, described what pleased and displeased them about each other, and discussed a recent family argument. Later, using video recordings of these FIATs, three independent teams of observers reliably coded (a) the adolescent drug user's self-regulation in the interrelated domains of attention, behavior, emotion, and initiation; (b) specific structural family systems patterns; and (c) the overall quality of family functioning.In multiple regression analyses, structural family systems variables together explained significant variation in ASR, controlling for global family functioning and number of participating family members. ASR demonstrated significant negative associations with disengagement and conflict avoidance, and significant positive associations with parent-adolescent support role reversal, outside triangles, and parent-child triangles. The positive associations were surprising, given that those constructs represent structural anomalies historically associated with youth maladjustment. ASR ratings decreased across the three tasks, and some of the associations of structural family variables with ASR changed across tasks. With some exceptions, ASR-family variable relations were consistent across adolescent gender and ethnicity. When gender moderation was apparent, associations between ASR and structural family variables were stronger for females than for males.These findings provide support for the importance of an interpersonal context to manifestations of adolescent "self" regulation, and suggest that ASR may represent a context-based, dynamic state that is, to an extent, interpersonal in nature. These results further suggest that structural family systems theory can inform such a contextual perspective.
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Mauzy, Mark J. "Family Implicit Rules, Child Self Regulation, and Observed Child Emotional Responsiveness to Parents." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3409.
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The purpose of this study was to examine how implicit family process rules are related to observed child emotional responsiveness with child self regulation as a possible mediating variable. Data from Wave 1 of the Flourishing Families project was used and included 337 two parent families and a target child between the ages of 10 and 13. Mother and father perception of family implicit rules were used to measure family implicit rules; child and mother report of the child's self regulation were used to measure self regulation, and child's emotional responsiveness to mother and father were taken from coding data. The Iowa Family Interaction Rating Scales (Melby, et. al., 1998) were used to code the behavior of the child with mother and with father. Multiple Group Comparison using AMOS 16 was used to compare differences based on child gender. Results showed that family implicit rules were positively related to emotional responsiveness to mother for both sons and daughters and to emotional responsiveness to father for sons but not for daughters. Family implicit rules were positively related to child self regulation for both sons and daughters, and self regulation was related to both emotional responsiveness to mother and to father. Results indicated child self regulation significantly mediated the relationship between family implicit rules and emotional responsiveness to mother as well as the relationship between implicit rules and emotional responsiveness to father. Implications for family therapy are discussed.
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Kusner, Katherine G. "Longitudinal Effects of Self-reported Marital Strengths on Couples' Observed Conflictual Interactions Across the Transition to Parenthood." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1372505867.
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SueSee, Brendan. "Incongruence between self-reported and observed senior physical education teaching styles : an analysis using Mosston and Ashworth’s spectrum." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2012. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/60945/1/Brendan_SueSee_Thesis.pdf.
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Pedagogical styles, methods, models, practices or strategies are valued for what they claim they can achieve. In recent times curriculum documents and governments have called for a range of teaching approaches to meet the variety of learner differences and allow students to make more independent decision making in physical education (Hardy and Mawer, 1999). One well known system of categorizing teaching styles is the Mosston and Ashworth’s Spectrum of Teaching Styles (2002). In Queensland, prior to 2005, no research had been conducted on the teaching styles used by teachers of Physical Education. However, many teachers self-reported that they employed a variety of teaching styles depending on the aims and content of the material to be taught (Cothran, et al., 2005). This research, for the first time, collected teacher’s self-reported use of teaching styles and through observations verify the styles that were being used to teach Senior Physical Education in Queensland.
More specifically the aims of the research were to determine: a) What teaching styles teachers of Senior Physical Education in Queensland believe they use? i) Were they using a range of teaching styles? ii) Were teachers of Senior Physical Education in Queensland using teaching styles that the Queensland Senior Physical Education Syllabus (2004) required? b) If Mosston and Ashworth’s (2002) Spectrum of Teaching Styles were used to categorise styles observed during the teaching of Senior Physical Education did the styles being used provide opportunities for evaluating as described by the Queensland Senior Physical Education Syllabus (2004)? The research was conducted in two phases. Part A involved use of a questionnaire to determine the teaching styles Queensland teachers of Senior Physical Education reported using and how often they reported using them. The questionnaire was administered to 110 teachers throughout Queensland. The sample was determined from 346 schools teaching Senior Physical Education (in 2006) across the state of Queensland, Australia. 286 questionnaires were sent to 77 non-randomised schools.
There were 66 male and 44 female respondents in the sample. A wide range of teaching styles were reportedly used by teachers of Senior Physical Education with Practice Style-Style B, Command Style-Style A and Divergent Discovery Style-Style H, the most reportedly used. The Self-Teaching Style-Style K was reportedly used the least by teachers involved in this study. From the respondents a group of teachers were identified to form the participants for Part B.
Part B of the study involved observation of a group of volunteer participants (from those who had completed the questionnaire) who displayed many of the ‘typical’ characteristics, and a cross-section of backgrounds, of teachers of Senior Physical Education in Queensland. In the case of this study, the criteria used to select the group of teachers to be observed teaching were, teaching experience (number of years: 0-4, 5-10 and 11 years and over), gender, geographical location of schools (focused on Brisbane and near area for travel/access purposes), profile of the students at schools (girls, boys or co-educational), nature of school (Government or Private) and the physical activities being taught in a school (activities to reflect all the areas of physical activity outlined within the syllabus).
A total of 27 questionnaire respondents from Part A indicated that they were willing to be observed teaching practical lessons. The respondents who volunteered to be involved in Part B of the study came from different regions across the state of Queensland and was not confined to the Brisbane metropolitan area or large cities.
From the group of people who volunteered for Part B four came from outside Brisbane and 23 from the Brisbane area. The final observation group of nine participants included eight teachers from the Brisbane area and one from a rural area.
The characteristics of the final group included three females and six males from private and public schools with a range of teaching experience in years and a range of physical activities.
Four year 12 and five year 11 teachers and their classes were videoed on three occasions as they progressed through an eight – nine week unit of work. This resulted in 24 hours 48 minutes and 20 seconds (or 4465 observations) of video teaching data which was subsequently coded by several researchers (99% interobserver reliability) to determine the teaching styles employed by the participants.
This research indicated that, based on Mosston and Ashworth’s (2002) Spectrum of Teaching Styles, teachers of Senior Physical Education in Queensland used predominantly one style to teach 27 observed lessons. This is in sharp contrast to the variety of styles 110 teachers self- reportedly used and in spite of the Queensland Senior Physical Education Syllabus (2004) suggesting a range of specific styles be used.
These results are discussed in the context of the Queensland Senior Physical Education Syllabus (2004), teacher knowledge of teaching styles and high-stakes curriculum and external pressures such as national testing and the publication of data from schools in tabloid newspapers. The data and findings in this research provide a rationale for improving teacher knowledge regarding teaching styles and the need for a clear definition of terminology in syllabus documents. Careful examination of the effects that the publishing of school data may have on teaching styles is advised.
This research not only collected teacher’s perceptions of the teaching styles they believed they used it also verified these claims through direct observations of the teachers while teaching. These findings are relevant to syllabus writers, teacher educators, policy makers within education and teachers.
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Gunnerson, Stephanie. ""Get out of my Face(book)!" Using Facebook to examine Verbal Aggressiveness and Argumentativeness." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1512739895762227.
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Diert-Boté, Irati. "An exploration of English language learners’ emotions and beliefs in a Catalan context: Insights from self-reported experiences and observed classroom practices." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671527.
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Com a conseqüència del ‘gir emocional’ (Pavlenko, 2013) en el camp d’Adquisició de Segones Llengües – i en particular gràcies a l’arribada de la Psicologia Positiva, s'ha dedicat més atenció al paper que exerceixen les emocions i processos relacionats com les (auto-)creences en l'aprenentatge de segones llengües/llengües estrangeres. L'objectiu d'aquest projecte d'investigació és explorar les creences i emocions que els estudiants d’anglès manifesten i construeixen en relació amb (i) la metodologia d’ensenyament i el tipus de tasques (especialment les tasques orals); i (ii) el paper de les relacions entre professor i alumne. S'ha adoptat un enfocament qualitatiu en quatre estudis independents però entrellaçats, en què s’han analitzat tant dades observacionals (enregistraments d'àudio/vídeo a l'aula) com no observacionals (entrevistes, grups de discussió i ítems de resposta oberta). Els resultats indiquen que molts estudiants han construït autoconceptes insegurs amb (auto)creences disfuncionals i experiències emocionals negatives interrelacionades, especialment pel que fa a les tasques de parla, en gran part a causa d'una tradició d'enfocaments gramaticals i d’escassa producció oral. L'anàlisi mostra que és possible canviar cap a una mentalitat més positiva, però el procés d'adaptació implica períodes difícils de transició per aquells estudiants que semblen sentir-se més insegurs amb les seves habilitats lingüístiques. Durant aquest procés, s’ha demostrat que el paper del professor és crucial per a crear positivitat a classe promovent un contacte positiu entre professor i alumne i creant un entorn segur on els estudiants respectin i treballin col•laborativament per tal de vèncer la inhibició a l’hora de parlar en anglès.A raíz del 'giro emocional' (Pavlenko, 2013) en el campo de Adquisición de Segundas Lenguas – y, en particular, gracias a la llegada de la Psicología Positiva, se ha dedicado más atención al papel que desempeñan las emociones y procesos relacionados como las (auto)creencias en el aprendizaje de segundas lenguas/lenguas extranjeras. El objetivo de este proyecto de investigación es explorar las creencias y emociones que los estudiantes de inglés manifiestan y construyen en relación con (i) la metodología de enseñanza y el tipo de tareas (especialmente las tareas orales); y (ii) el papel de las relaciones entre profesor y alumno. Se ha adoptado un enfoque cualitativo en cuatro estudios independientes pero entrelazados en los cuales se han analizado tanto datos observacionales (grabaciones de audio/vídeo en el aula) como no observacionales (entrevistas, grupos de discusión e ítems de respuesta abierta). Los resultados indican que muchos estudiantes han construido autoconceptos inseguros con (auto)creencias disfuncionales y experiencias emocionales negativas interrelacionadas, especialmente con respecto a las tareas de habla, en gran parte debido a una tradición de enfoques gramaticales y escasa producción oral. El análisis muestra que es posible cambiar hacia una mentalidad más positiva, pero el proceso de adaptación implica períodos difíciles de transición para aquellos estudiantes que parecen sentirse más inseguros con sus habilidades lingüísticas. Durante este proceso, se ha demostrado que el papel del profesor es crucial para crear positividad en clase promoviendo un contacto positivo entre profesor y alumno y creando un entorno seguro donde los estudiantes respeten y trabajen colaborativamente para vencer la inhibición a la hora de hablar en inglés.
Due to the ‘emotional turn’ (Pavlenko, 2013) in SLA – and particularly thanks to the advent of Positive Psychology – closer attention has been devoted to the role that emotions and related processes such as (self-)beliefs play in foreign/second language learning. The aim of this doctoral thesis is to explore the English language learning beliefs and emotions students display and have constructed in relation to (i) the teaching methodology and the type of tasks (particularly oral tasks), and (ii) the role of the teacher and student-teacher relationships. A qualitative approach has been adopted in four independent yet intertwined studies in which both observational (classroom audio/video-recordings) and non-observational (interviews, focus groups and open-ended items) data have been analyzed. Findings indicate that many students have constructed insecure self-concepts with interrelated dysfunctional (self-)beliefs and negative emotional experiences – especially regarding speaking tasks – largely due to a tradition of grammar-based approaches and scarce oral production. The analysis shows that change towards more positive mindsets is possible but the adaptation process involves difficult periods of transition for those students who appear to feel more insecure with their language abilities. During this process, the role of the teacher has been proven to be crucial in fostering positivity in class by promoting positive teacher-student contact and by creating a safe environment in which students respect and work collaboratively in order to overcome English speaking inhibition.
Books on the topic "Observed-self"
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Lavigne, Jenny L. Observed speeding, self-reported speeding and risk perceptions. Sudbury, Ont: Laurentian University, Department of Psychology, 1997.
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Brezovnik, Boštjan, Istvan Hoffman, and Jarosław Kostrubiec, eds. Local Self-Government in Europe. Institute for Local Self-Government Maribor, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/978-961-7124-00-2.
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The local governance and municipalities have always been an important system of the national administrative systems. Therefore, their analysis has had a long tradition in the European social sciences. The different regulations on the municipal administration have been compared by the books, but the approach has been changed by the evolvement of the administrative sciences: comparative local governance and the comparison of the different local socio-economic systems became recent topics of the monographs. 13 municipal systems are analysed by this book. Countries from all part of the European Union are observed by the chapters. The central element of our analysis are the standards defined by the Charter of Local Self-Government in Europe: the implementation of the Charter and the transformation and reforms of the last decades are analysed by them. However, just half of the municipal models of the EU Member States are examined by leading experts of the given countries, but the different faces of the similar trends can be observed by this book. The different ‘faces’ of centralisation and concentration can be seen. The book has a strong legal approach, but the analysis of the local governance is in focus of the book, therefore, it has a wider, social science approach, as well.
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McVeigh, Brian J. The Self-Healing Mind. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780197647868.001.0001.
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Evolutionary psychology/psychiatry teaches us about why some mental illnesses developed. However, Brian J. McVeigh argues that much more recent changes in mentality hold lessons about improving our mental well-being. Indeed, by around 1000 BCE, population expansion and social complexity had forced people to learn conscious interiority, a package of capabilities that culturally upgraded mentality. The functions/features of conscious interiority (FOCI) are instances of adaptive meta-framing: abstracting, metaphorizing, reframing, and transcending one’s circumstances. Adopting a common factors and positive psychology perspective, McVeigh enumerates FOCI—“active ingredients”—of the self-healing mind: mental space (introspectable stage for manipulating mental images); introception (employing semi-hallucinatory quasi-perceptions to “see” different perspectives); self-observing and observed (increasing role/perspective-taking); self-narratization (intensifying retrospection/prospection capabilities); excerption (editing mental contents for higher-order conceptualization); consilience (fitting conceptions together more effectively to bolster abstraction); concentration (peripheralizing unrelated mental material); suppression (deleting distracting and distressing thoughts); self-authorization (a sense of who or what one’s legitimizes one’s decision and behavior); self-autonomy (bolstering self-direction and self-confidence); self-individuation (highlighting personal strengths); self-reflexivity (cultivating insight, self-objectivity, and self-corrective abilities). FOCI underlie the effectiveness of psychotherapeutic techniques. Though the psyche’s recuperative properties correct distorted cognition and provide remarkable adaptive abilities, FOCI sometimes spiral out of control, resulting in runaway consciousness and certain mental disorders. Also addressed, then, is how snowballing FOCI become maladaptive processes in need of restraint. The benefits of temporarily suspending FOCI (hypnosis) and regulating them (meditation) are also explored. This work will appeal to practitioners, researchers, and anyone interested in how therapeutically directed consciousness repairs the mind.
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Hammond, Christopher J., Marc N. Potenza, and Linda C. Mayes. Development of Impulse Control, Inhibition, and Self-Regulatory Behaviors in Normative Populations across the Lifespan. Edited by Jon E. Grant and Marc N. Potenza. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195389715.013.0082.
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Impulsivity represents a complex multidimensional construct that may change across the lifespan and is associated with numerous neuropsychiatric disorders including substance use disorders, conduct disorder/antisocial personality disorder, and traumatic brain injury. Multiple psychological theories have considered impulsivity and the development of impulse control, inhibition, and self-regulatory behaviors during childhood. Some psychoanalytic theorists have viewed impulse control and self-regulatory behaviors as developing ego functions emerging in the context of id-based impulses and inhibitory pressures from the superego. Object relationists added to this framework but placed more emphasis on mother–child dyadic relationships and the process of separation and individuation within the infant. Cognitive and developmental theorists have viewed impulse control and self-regulation as a series of additive cognitive functions emerging at different temporal points during childhood and with an emphasis on attentional systems and the ability to inhibit a prepotent response. Commonalities exist across all of these developmental theories, and they all are consistent with the idea that the development of impulse control appears cumulative and emergent in early life, with the age range of 24–36 months being a formative period. Impulsivity is part of normal development in the healthy child, and emerging empirical data on normative populations (as measured by neuropsychological testing batteries, self-report measures, and behavioral observation) suggest that impulse control, self-regulation, and other impulsivity-related phenomena may follow different temporal trajectories, with impulsivity decreasing linearly over time and sensation seeking and reward responsiveness following an inverted U-shaped trajectory across the lifespan. These different trajectories coincide with developmental brain changes, including early maturation of subcortical regions in relation to the later maturation of the frontal lobes, and may underlie the frequent risk-taking behavior often observed during adolescence.
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Giombetti, Jim. Lessons of History - Observed: Change Your Context - Change Your Life. Jim Giombetti, 2022.
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Giombetti, Jim. Lessons of History - Observed: Change Your Context - Change Your Life. Jim Giombetti, 2022.
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Giombetti, Jim. Lessons of History - Observed: Change Your Context - Change Your Life. Jim Giombetti, 2022.
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Papish, Laura. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190692100.003.0010.
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This conclusion offers a recap of the preceding chapters, and it also notes two potential deficiencies in the present study. First, it is observed that Kant’s theory of evil depends, at crucial junctures, on the ability to secure plausible accounts of transcendental freedom and the nature of temptation. Second, because, on Kant’s view, self-deception is motivated by self-love, it is unclear how Kant can adequately address cases that do not seem to fit this paradigm. Of particular interest are cases where a person claims not to know that she or he is worthy of respect or self-respect, since in certain of these cases we are inclined to regard someone as self-deceived or lacking self-knowledge and yet not motivated by self-love. Finally, it is argued that the broader theory of mind underlying Kant’s theory of self-deception can provide at least some resources for addressing this second issue.
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Sajó, András, and Renáta Uitz. Who Guards the Guardians? Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198732174.003.0010.
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This chapter examines constitutional adjudication as a mechanism designed to ensure that the constitution is properly observed. It begins with an overview of the development of constitutional review power and its prevailing modalities around the globe, focusing primarily on the emergence of specialized constitutional courts. It describes models and variations of constitutional review, along with the politics of apex courts. Turning to the constitutional review of legislation, the chapter considers what interpreting a constitution means in practice and whether fears of judicial self-aggrandizement through constitutional interpretation are justified. Finally, it discusses accusations of judicial activism and deference levelled against apex courts as well as the mounting opposition to judicial review.
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Austen, Jane. Sense and Sensibility. Edited by John Mullan. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780198793359.001.0001.
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‘Pray, pray be composed,’ cried Elinor, ‘and do not betray what you feel to every body present. Perhaps he has not observed you yet.’ For Elinor Dashwood, sensible and sensitive, and her romantic, impetuous younger sister Marianne, the prospect of marrying the men they love appears remote. In a world ruled by money and self-interest, the Dashwood sisters have neither fortune nor connections. Concerned for others and for social proprieties, Elinor is ill-equipped to compete with self-centred fortune-hunters like Lucy Steele, whilst Marianne’s unswerving belief in the truth of her own feelings makes her more dangerously susceptible to the designs of unscrupulous men. Through her heroines’ parallel experiences of love, loss, and hope, Jane Austen offers a powerful analysis of the ways in which women’s lives were shaped by the claustrophobic society in which they had to survive.
Book chapters on the topic "Observed-self"
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Mohiyeddini, Changiz, and Leo Montada. "BJW and Self-Efficacy in Coping with Observed Victimization." In Responses to Victimizations and Belief in a Just World, 41–54. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-6418-5_3.
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Daltroy, Lawren H., Holley M. Eaton, Charlotte B. Phillips, and Matthew H. Liang. "Discrepancies between self-reported and observed function: Contributions of response shift." In Adaptation to changing health: Response shift in quality-of-life research., 189–200. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/10382-013.
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Broom, Donald M. "Abnormal behaviour 2: self-directed and environment-directed." In Broom and Fraser’s domestic animal behaviour and welfare, 281–84. 6th ed. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249835.0026.
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Abstract This chapter focuses on the welfare indicators that must be taken into considerations when signs of abnormalities like self-mutilation, abnormal eating, and polydipsia are observed in animals.
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Ma, Yue, Yoshiko Takenaka, and Kenichi Yoshikawa. "Self-organized Spatio-temporal Oscillation Observed in a Chain of Non-oscillatory Cells." In Natural Computing, 111–21. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-88981-6_10.
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Assefa, Zerihun, and Richard G. Haire. "The Nature of the Self-Luminescence Observed from Borosilicate Glass Doped with Es." In ACS Symposium Series, 329–41. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2001-0778.ch020.
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Chen, Ken, Meng Zhang, and Celal Batur. "KF vs. PF Performance Quality Observed from Stochastic Noises Statistics and Online Covariance Self-adaptation." In Advances in Intelligent and Soft Computing, 291–98. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27329-2_40.
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SueSee, Brendan, and Ken Edwards. "Self-Identified and Observed Teaching Styles: A Case Study of Senior Physical Education Teachers in Queensland Schools." In Myths in Education, Learning and Teaching, 73–93. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137476982_5.
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Goos, Merrilyn, and Aoife Guerin. "Investigating the Self-Efficacy Beliefs and Classroom Practices of Out-of-Field, In-Field, and Upskilled Mathematics Teachers." In Out-of-Field Teaching Across Teaching Disciplines and Contexts, 311–32. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9328-1_15.
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AbstractThe study that we report in this chapter contributes to our broader research agenda for evaluating the impact of a national professional development programme that upskills out-of-field post-primary mathematics teachers in Ireland. The aim of the study was to compare the self-efficacy beliefs, perceived and observed classroom practices of six post-primary mathematics teachers (three groups of 2) who were either out-of-field, upskilled via the professional development programme, or in-field. The teachers completed surveys of their self-efficacy beliefs and approaches to teaching mathematics. Video recordings of three mathematics lessons taught by each teacher were analysed using the Productive Pedagogies classroom observation framework. The findings showed that there were similarities and differences between the three groups of teachers; however, the upskilled teachers were developing self-efficacy beliefs and pedagogical practices that are similar to those of in-field teachers of mathematics.
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McIntyre, Joanne. "Music Therapy." In Longer-Term Psychiatric Inpatient Care for Adolescents, 107–14. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1950-3_12.
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AbstractThe Walker Unit is one of only a few adolescent inpatient units in Australia to include a Registered Music Therapist on the Allied Health team. The Walker Unit has a music room equipped with guitars, ukuleles, a keyboard, a drum kit, African drums, a cello and a violin. Music therapy sessions are conducted with individuals, patient groups and families. Empirical evidence supporting the benefits of Music Therapy in this setting is limited, however we have observed that creating music in a containing environment enhances self-awareness, stimulates verbalization and facilitates relaxation.
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Yang Hansen, Kajsa, Jelena Radišić, Xin Liu, and Leah Natasha Glassow. "Exploring Diversity in the Relationships Between Teacher Quality and Job Satisfaction in the Nordic Countries—Insights from TALIS 2013 and 2018." In Equity, Equality and Diversity in the Nordic Model of Education, 99–137. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61648-9_5.
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AbstractEquity and quality are the common goals to strive for in the Nordic education systems. Yet the mechanisms through which the separate education systems approach these goals have become more diverse. The chapter provides evidence in support of the different facets of teacher quality, such as self-efficacy, as well as teacher-students relations concerning their importance for teachers’ job satisfaction across the Nordic countries. Diversities, however, were also observed. The results from the TALIS 2013 model outlined two subgroups of the Nordic countries with similar mechanisms: the Norway-Sweden and the Denmark-Finland groups. No distinctive group was found in the TALIS 2018 results, producing more country-specific patterns, such as the importance of social utility value for Norway, adverse classroom composition in Sweden or teacher effective professional development positively impacting the personal and social utility values of teachers in Finland. These observed diversities and changing patterns may find their reasons in the gradually dissolved unity of the Nordic model by the different reform actions taken in recent years, such as in the example of Sweden, and in the long-term prerequisites for the teaching profession, where Finland is the country that stands out.
Conference papers on the topic "Observed-self"
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Cheng, Jian, Jared Bernstein, Elizabeth Rosenfeld, Peter W. Foltz, Alex S. Cohen, Terje B. Holmlund, and Brita Elvevåg. "Modeling Self-Reported and Observed Affect from Speech." In Interspeech 2018. ISCA: ISCA, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2018-2222.
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Akova, Ferit, Murat Dundar, Yuan Qi, and Bartek Rajwa. "Self-Adjusting Models for Semi-supervised Learning in Partially Observed Settings." In 2012 IEEE 12th International Conference on Data Mining (ICDM). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icdm.2012.60.
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Dagtekin, Onatkut, and Nina Dethlefs. "Imputation of Partially Observed Water Quality Data Using Self-Attention LSTM." In 2022 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn55064.2022.9892446.
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Nair, Rajesh V., Anjani K. Tiwari, Sushil Mujumdar, and B. N. Jagatap. "Signature of Band-Edge-Induced Lasing Observed in Self-assembled Photonic Crystals." In International Conference on Fibre Optics and Photonics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/photonics.2012.w1a.3.
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Chen, Gui, Yi-Bo Wang, Lu Xie, Ying-bin Xing, Hai-Qing Li, Zuo-Wen Jiang, Jing-Gang Peng, Neng-Li Dai, and Jin-Yan Li. "Self-bleaching Phenomenon Observed in the Ce/Yb Co-doped Silica Fiber." In CLEO: Science and Innovations. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_si.2013.cm4i.5.
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Kaji, R., S. Yamamoto, R. Matsusaki, and S. Adachi. "Studies on anomalous Hanle effect observed in single self-assembled quantum dots." In 2018 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials. The Japan Society of Applied Physics, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/ssdm.2018.m-1-04.
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Wei, Lu, Joe Chicharo, Yanguang Yu, and Jiangtao Xi. "Pre-Processing of Signals Observed from Laser Diode Self-mixing Intereferometries using Neural Networks." In 2007 IEEE International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wisp.2007.4447499.
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Ben Daly, A., M. A. Maaref, F. Bernardot, T. Barisien, C. Testelin, E. Galopin, and A. Lemaitre. "Long spin relaxation in self-assembled inalas quantum dots observed by pump-probe experiment." In 2015 International Conference on Solar Energy and Building (ICSoEB). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsoeb.2015.7244945.
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Wei, Lu, Jiangtao Xi, Yanguang Yu, and Joe Chicharo. "Phase Unwrapping of Self-mixing Signals Observed in Optical Feedback Interferometry for Displacement Measurement." In 2006 International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communications. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ispacs.2006.364765.
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WeiDong Zhu, Prajwal Niraula, and Kurt H. Becker. "New self-organization patterns observed in Cathode Boundary Layer Discharges in high purity xe gas." In 2014 IEEE 41st International Conference on Plasma Sciences (ICOPS) held with 2014 IEEE International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams (BEAMS). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/plasma.2014.7012347.
Full textReports on the topic "Observed-self"
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Tregillis, Ian. Analytically Derived Piezoelectric Ejecta Data Transformations, with Implications for Claims of Experimentally Observed Self-Similarity. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1632665.
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Lever, James, Susan Taylor, Garrett Hoch, and Charles Daghlian. Evidence that abrasion can govern snow kinetic friction. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42646.
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The long-accepted theory to explain why snow is slippery postulates self-lubrication: frictional heat from sliding melts and thereby lubricates the contacting snow grains. We recently published micro-scale interface observations that contradicted this explanation: contacting snow grains abraded and did not melt under a polyethylene slider, despite low friction values. Here we provide additional observational and theoretical evidence that abrasion can govern snow kinetic friction. We obtained coordinated infrared, visible-light and scanning-electron micrographs that confirm that the evolving shapes observed during our tribometer tests are contacting snow grains polished by abrasion, and that the wear particles can sinter together and fill the adjacent pore spaces. Furthermore, dry-contact abrasive wear reasonably predicts the evolution of snow-slider contact area and sliding-heat-source theory confirms that contact temperatures would not reach 0°C during our tribometer tests. Importantly, published measurements of interface temperatures also indicate that melting did not occur during field tests on sleds and skis. Although prevailing theory anticipates a transition from dry to lubricated contact along a slider, we suggest that dry-contact abrasion and heat flow can prevent this transition from occurring for snow-friction scenarios of practical interest.
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Doyle, Jesse D., Nolan R. Hoffman, and M. Kelvin Taylor. Aircraft Arrestor System Panel Joint Improvement. U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41342.
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Aircraft Arresting Systems (AAS) for military applications utilize sacrificial panels made of Ultra-High Molecular Weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) that are embedded into the pavement beneath the AAS cable to protect the pavement from cable damage. Problems have been observed with the materials and practices used to seal the UHMWPE panel joints from water and debris. Data obtained from laboratory and field studies were used make improvements to current practice for sealing UHMWPE panel joints. The study evaluated four joint-sealant materials, eight alternative surface treatment and preparation techniques to promote adhesion to UHMWPE, and seven joint-edge geometries. Bond-strength testing of joint-sealant specimens was conducted in the laboratory, followed by field evaluation of construction techniques. Field performance of the joint systems was monitored for 24 months after installation. Additionally, a thermal response model was developed to refine the joint design dimensions. Results confirmed that the best material to use was self-leveling silicone joint sealant. It was recommended that a dovetail groove be cut into the edge of UHMW panels to provide positive mechanical interlock and to reduce adhesive failures of the sealant. It was also recommended that the panel-to-panel joint-sealant reservoir be widened to prevent sealant compression damage.
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Eyal, Yoram, and Sheila McCormick. Molecular Mechanisms of Pollen-Pistil Interactions in Interspecific Crossing Barriers in the Tomato Family. United States Department of Agriculture, May 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7573076.bard.
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During the evolutionary process of speciation in plants, naturally occurring barriers to reproduction have developed that affect the transfer of genes within and between related species. These barriers can occur at several different levels beginning with pollination-barriers and ending with hybrid-breakdown. The interaction between pollen and pistils presents one of the major barriers to intra- and inter-specific crosses and is the focus of this research project. Our long-term goal in this research proposal was defined to resolve questions on recognition and communication during pollen-pistil interactions in the extended tomato family. In this context, this work was initiated and planned to study the potential involvement of tomato pollen-specific receptor-like kinases (RLK's) in the interaction between pollen and pistils. By special permission from BARD the objectives of this research were extended to include studies on pollen-pistil interactions and pollination barriers in horticultural crops with an emphasis on citrus. Functional characterization of 2 pollen-specific RLK's from tomato was carried out. The data shows that both encode functional kinases that were active as recombinant proteins. One of the kinases was shown to accumulate mainly after pollen germination and to be phosphorylated in-vitro in pollen membranes as well as in-vivo. The presence of style extract resulted in dephosphorylation of the RLK, although no species specificity was observed. This data implies a role for at least one RLK in pollination events following pollen germination. However, a transgenic plant analysis of the RLK's comprising overexpression, dominant-negative and anti-sense constructs failed to provide answers on their role in pollination. While genetic effects on some of the plants were observed in both the Israeli and American labs, no clear functional answers were obtained. An alternative approach to addressing function was pursued by screening for an artificial ligand for the receptor domain using a peptide phage display library. An enriched peptide sequence was obtained and will be used to design a peptide-ligand to be tested for its effect o pollen germination and tube growth. Self-incompatibility (SI) in citrus was studied on 3 varieties of pummelo. SI was observed using fluorescence microscopy in each of the 3 varieties and compatibility relations between varieties was determined. An initial screen for an S-RNase SI mechanism yielded only a cDNA homologous to the group of S-like RNases, suggesting that SI results from an as yet unknown mechanism. 2D gel electrophoresis was applied to compare pollen and style profiles of different compatibility groups. A "polymorphic" protein band from style extracts was observed, isolated and micro-sequenced. Degenerate primers designed based on the peptide sequence date will be used to isolate the relevant genes i order to study their potential involvement in SI. A study on SI in the apple cultivar Top red was initiated. SI was found, as previously shown, to be complete thus requiring a compatible pollinator variety. A new S-RNase allele was discovered fro Top red styles and was found to be highly homologous to pear S-RNases, suggesting that evolution of these genes pre-dated speciation into apples and pears but not to other Rosaceae species. The new allele provides molecular-genetic tools to determine potential pollinators for the variety Top red as well as a tool to break-down SI in this important variety.
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Ghanipoor Machiani, Sahar, Aryan Sohrabi, and Arash Jahangiri. Impact of Regular and Narrow AV-Exclusive Lanes on Manual Driver Behavior. Mineta Transportation Institute, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2020.1922.
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This study attempts to answer the question of how a narrow (9-ft) lane dedicated to Automated Vehicles (AVs) would affect the behavior of drivers in the adjacent lane to the right. To this end, a custom driving simulator environment was designed mimicking the Interstate 15 smart corridor in San Diego. A group of participants was assigned to drive next to the simulated 9-ft narrow lane while a control group was assigned to drive next to a regular 12-ft AV lane. Driver behavior was analyzed by measuring the mean lane position, mean speed, and mental effort (self-reported/subjective measure). In addition to AV lane width, the experimental design took into consideration AV headway, gender, and right lane traffic to investigate possible interaction effects. The results showed no significant differences in the speed and mental effort of drivers while indicating significant differences in lane positioning. Although the overall effect of AV lane width was not significant, there were some significant interaction effects between lane width and other factors (i.e., driver gender and presence of traffic on the next regular lane to the right). Across all the significant interactions, there was no case in which those factors stayed constant while AV lane width changed between the groups, indicating that the significant difference stemmed from the other factors rather than the lane width. However, the trend observed was that drivers driving next to the 12-ft lane had better lane centering compared to the 9ft lane. The analysis also showed that while in general female drivers tended to drive further away from the 9-ft lane and performed worse in terms of lane centering, they performed better than male drivers when right-lane traffic was present. This study contributes to understanding the behavioral impacts of infrastructure adaptation to AVs on non-AV drivers.
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Jury, William A., and David Russo. Characterization of Field-Scale Solute Transport in Spatially Variable Unsaturated Field Soils. United States Department of Agriculture, January 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568772.bard.
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This report describes activity conducted in several lines of research associated with field-scale water and solute processes. A major effort was put forth developing a stochastic continuum analysis for an important class of problems involving flow of reactive and non reactive chemicals under steady unsaturated flow. The field-scale velocity covariance tensor has been derived from local soil properties and their variability, producing a large-scale description of the medium that embodies all of the local variability in a statistical sense. Special cases of anisotropic medium properties not aligned along the flow direction of spatially variable solute sorption were analysed in detail, revealing a dependence of solute spreading on subtle features of the variability of the medium, such as cross-correlations between sorption and conductivity. A novel method was developed and tested for measuring hydraulic conductivity at the scale of observation through the interpretation of a solute transport outflow curve as a stochastic-convective process. This undertaking provided a host of new K(q) relationships for existing solute experiments and also laid the foundation for future work developing a self-consistent description of flow and transport under these conditions. Numerical codes were developed for calculating K(q) functions for a variety of solute pulse outflow shapes, including lognormal, Fickian, Mobile-Immobile water, and bimodal. Testing of this new approach against conventional methodology was mixed, and agreed most closely when the assumptions of the new method were met. We conclude that this procedure offers a valuable alternative to conventional methods of measuring K(q), particularly when the application of the method is at a scale (e.g. and agricultural field) that is large compared to the common scale at which conventional K(q) devices operate. The same problem was approached from a numerical perspective, by studying the feasibility of inverting a solute outflow signal to yield the hydraulic parameters of the medium that housed the experiment. We found that the inverse problem was solvable under certain conditions, depending on the amount of noise in the signal and the degree of heterogeneity in the medium. A realistic three dimensional model of transient water and solute movement in a heterogeneous medium that contains plant roots was developed and tested. The approach taken was to generate a single realization of this complex flow event, and examine the results to see whether features were present that might be overlooked in less sophisticated model efforts. One such feature revealed is transverse dispersion, which is a critically important component in the development of macrodispersion in the longitudinal direction. The lateral mixing that was observed greatly exceeded that predicted from simpler approaches, suggesting that at least part of the important physics of the mixing process is embedded in the complexity of three dimensional flow. Another important finding was the observation that variability can produce a pseudo-kinetic behavior for solute adsorption, even when the local models used are equilibrium.
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Tel-Zur, Neomi, and Jeffrey J. Doyle. Role of Polyploidy in Vine Cacti Speciation and Crop Domestication. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7697110.bard.
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1. Abstract: Over the past 25 years, vine cacti of the genera Hylocereus and Selenicereus have been introduced into Israel and southern California as new exotic fruit crops. The importance of these crops lies in their high water use efficiency and horticultural potential as exotic fruit crops. Our collaboration focused on the cytological, molecular and evolutionary aspects of vine cacti polyploidization to confront the agricultural challenge of genetic improvement, ultimately to improve success of vine cacti as commercial fruit crop plants. More specifically, we worked on the: 1- Identification of the putative ancestor(s) of the tetraploid H. megalanthus; 2- Determination of the number of origins of H. megalanthus (single vs. multiple origins of polyploidy); 3- Cytogenetic analysis of BC1 and F1 hybrids; 4- Determination of important agricultural traits and the selection of superior hybrids for cultivation. The plant material used in this study comprised interspecific Hylocereus F1 and first backcross (BC1) hybrids, nine Hylocereus species (58 genotypes), nine Selenicereus species (14 genotypes), and four Epiphyllum genotypes. Two BC1 hexaploids (BC-023 and BC-031) were obtained, a high ploidy level that can be explained only by a fertilization event between one unreduced female gamete from the triploid hybrid and a balanced gamete from the pollen donor, the diploid H. monacanthus. These findings are scientific evidence that support the possibility that “hybridization followed by chromosome doubling” could also occur in nature. Cytomixis, the migration of chromatin between adjacent cells through connecting cytoplasmatic channels, was observed in vine cacti hybrids and may thus imply selective DNA elimination in response to the allopolyploidization process. Evidence from plastid and nrDNA internal transcribed spacers (ITS) sequences support the placement of H. megalanthus within a monophyletic Hylocereus group. Furthermore, both plastid and ITS datasets are most consistent with a conclusion that this tetraploid species is an autopolyploid, despite observations that the species appears to be morphologically intermediate between Hylocereus and Selenicereus. Although the possibility of very narrow allopolyploidly (i.e., derivation from parents that are barely diverged from each other such as closely related species in the same genus) cannot be ruled out entirely based on our data (in part due to the unavailability of Hylocereus species considered to be morphologically the closest relatives of H. megalanthus), the possibility of H. megalanthus representing an intergeneric cross (i.e., Hylocereus × Selenicereus) seems extremely unlikely. Interestingly, the process of homogenization of ITS sequences (concerted evolution) is either incomplete or lacking in both Hylocereus and Selenicereus, and the inclusion of several artificial hybrids in the molecular study revealed the potential for biparental plastid inheritance in Hylocereus. The most important agricultural implication of this research project was the information collected for F1 and BC1 hybrids. Specifically, this project concluded with the selection of four superior hybrids in terms of fruit quality and potential yields under extreme high temperatures. These selected hybrids are self-compatible, avoiding the need for hand cross pollination to set fruits, thus reducing manpower costs. We recently offered these hybrids to growers in Israel for prioritized rapid evaluation and characterization.
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Ostersetzer-Biran, Oren, and Alice Barkan. Nuclear Encoded RNA Splicing Factors in Plant Mitochondria. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7592111.bard.
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Mitochondria are the site of respiration and numerous other metabolic processes required for plant growth and development. Increased demands for metabolic energy are observed during different stages in the plants life cycle, but are particularly ample during germination and reproductive organ development. These activities are dependent upon the tight regulation of the expression and accumulation of various organellar proteins. Plant mitochondria contain their own genomes (mtDNA), which encode for a small number of genes required in organellar genome expression and respiration. Yet, the vast majority of the organellar proteins are encoded by nuclear genes, thus necessitating complex mechanisms to coordinate the expression and accumulation of proteins encoded by the two remote genomes. Many organellar genes are interrupted by intervening sequences (introns), which are removed from the primary presequences via splicing. According to conserved features of their sequences these introns are all classified as “group-II”. Their splicing is necessary for organellar activity and is dependent upon nuclear-encoded RNA-binding cofactors. However, to-date, only a tiny fraction of the proteins expected to be involved in these activities have been identified. Accordingly, this project aimed to identify nuclear-encoded proteins required for mitochondrial RNA splicing in plants, and to analyze their specific roles in the splicing of group-II intron RNAs. In non-plant systems, group-II intron splicing is mediated by proteins encoded within the introns themselves, known as maturases, which act specifically in the splicing of the introns in which they are encoded. Only one mitochondrial intron in plants has retained its maturaseORF (matR), but its roles in organellar intron splicing are unknown. Clues to other proteins required for organellar intron splicing are scarce, but these are likely encoded in the nucleus as there are no other obvious candidates among the remaining ORFs within the mtDNA. Through genetic screens in maize, the Barkan lab identified numerous nuclear genes that are required for the splicing of many of the introns within the plastid genome. Several of these genes are related to one another (i.e. crs1, caf1, caf2, and cfm2) in that they share a previously uncharacterized domain of archaeal origin, the CRM domain. The Arabidopsis genome contains 16 CRM-related genes, which contain between one and four repeats of the domain. Several of these are predicted to the mitochondria and are thus postulated to act in the splicing of group-II introns in the organelle(s) to which they are localized. In addition, plant genomes also harbor several genes that are closely related to group-II intron-encoded maturases (nMats), which exist in the nucleus as 'self-standing' ORFs, out of the context of their cognate "host" group-II introns and are predicted to reside within the mitochondria. The similarity with known group-II intron splicing factors identified in other systems and their predicted localization to mitochondria in plants suggest that nuclear-encoded CRM and nMat related proteins may function in the splicing of mitochondrial-encoded introns. In this proposal we proposed to (i) establish the intracellular locations of several CRM and nMat proteins; (ii) to test whether mutations in their genes impairs the splicing of mitochondrial introns; and to (iii) determine whether these proteins are bound to the mitochondrial introns in vivo.
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Ostersetzer-Biran, Oren, and Jeffrey Mower. Novel strategies to induce male sterility and restore fertility in Brassicaceae crops. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2016.7604267.bard.
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Abstract Mitochondria are the site of respiration and numerous other metabolic processes required for plant growth and development. Increased demands for metabolic energy are observed during different stages in the plants life cycle, but are particularly ample during germination and reproductive organ development. These activities are dependent upon the tight regulation of the expression and accumulation of various organellar proteins. Plant mitochondria contain their own genomes (mtDNA), which encode for rRNAs, tRNAs and some mitochondrial proteins. Although all mitochondria have probably evolved from a common alpha-proteobacterial ancestor, notable genomic reorganizations have occurred in the mtDNAs of different eukaryotic lineages. Plant mtDNAs are notably larger and more variable in size (ranging from 70~11,000 kbp in size) than the mrDNAs in higher animals (16~19 kbp). Another unique feature of plant mitochondria includes the presence of both circular and linear DNA fragments, which undergo intra- and intermolecular recombination. DNA-seq data indicate that such recombination events result with diverged mitochondrial genome configurations, even within a single plant species. One common plant phenotype that emerges as a consequence of altered mtDNA configuration is cytoplasmic male sterility CMS (i.e. reduced production of functional pollen). The maternally-inherited male sterility phenotype is highly valuable agriculturally. CMS forces the production of F1 hybrids, particularly in predominantly self-pollinating crops, resulting in enhanced crop growth and productivity through heterosis (i.e. hybrid vigor or outbreeding enhancement). CMS lines have been implemented in some cereal and vegetables, but most crops still lack a CMS system. This work focuses on the analysis of the molecular basis of CMS. We also aim to induce nuclear or organellar induced male-sterility in plants, and to develop a novel approach for fertility restoration. Our work focuses on Brassicaceae, a large family of flowering plants that includes Arabidopsis thaliana, a key model organism in plant sciences, as well as many crops of major economic importance (e.g., broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, and various seeds for oil production). In spite of the genomic rearrangements in the mtDNAs of plants, the number of genes and the coding sequences are conserved among different mtDNAs in angiosperms (i.e. ~60 genes encoding different tRNAs, rRNAs, ribosomal proteins and subunits of the respiratory system). Yet, in addition to the known genes, plant mtDNAs also harbor numerous ORFs, most of which are not conserved among species and are currently of unknown function. Remarkably, and relevant to our study, CMS in plants is primarily associated with the expression of novel chimericORFs, which likely derive from recombination events within the mtDNAs. Whereas the CMS loci are localized to the mtDNAs, the factors that restore fertility (Rfs) are identified as nuclear-encoded RNA-binding proteins. Interestingly, nearly all of the Rf’s are identified as pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins, a large family of modular RNA-binding proteins that mediate several aspects of gene expression primarily in plant organelles. In this project we proposed to develop a system to test the ability of mtORFs in plants, which are closely related to known CMS factors. We will induce male fertility in various species of Brassicaceae, and test whether a down-relation in the expression of the recombinantCMS-genes restores fertility, using synthetically designed PPR proteins.
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Gunay, Selim, Fan Hu, Khalid Mosalam, Arpit Nema, Jose Restrepo, Adam Zsarnoczay, and Jack Baker. Blind Prediction of Shaking Table Tests of a New Bridge Bent Design. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/svks9397.
Full textAbstract:
Considering the importance of the transportation network and bridge structures, the associated seismic design philosophy is shifting from the basic collapse prevention objective to maintaining functionality on the community scale in the aftermath of moderate to strong earthquakes (i.e., resiliency). In addition to performance, the associated construction philosophy is also being modernized, with the utilization of accelerated bridge construction (ABC) techniques to reduce impacts of construction work on traffic, society, economy, and on-site safety during construction. Recent years have seen several developments towards the design of low-damage bridges and ABC. According to the results of conducted tests, these systems have significant potential to achieve the intended community resiliency objectives. Taking advantage of such potential in the standard design and analysis processes requires proper modeling that adequately characterizes the behavior and response of these bridge systems. To evaluate the current practices and abilities of the structural engineering community to model this type of resiliency-oriented bridges, the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER) organized a blind prediction contest of a two-column bridge bent consisting of columns with enhanced response characteristics achieved by a well-balanced contribution of self-centering, rocking, and energy dissipation. The parameters of this blind prediction competition are described in this report, and the predictions submitted by different teams are analyzed. In general, forces are predicted better than displacements. The post-tension bar forces and residual displacements are predicted with the best and least accuracy, respectively. Some of the predicted quantities are observed to have coefficient of variation (COV) values larger than 50%; however, in general, the scatter in the predictions amongst different teams is not significantly large. Applied ground motions (GM) in shaking table tests consisted of a series of naturally recorded earthquake acceleration signals, where GM1 is found to be the largest contributor to the displacement error for most of the teams, and GM7 is the largest contributor to the force (hence, the acceleration) error. The large contribution of GM1 to the displacement error is due to the elastic response in GM1 and the errors stemming from the incorrect estimation of the period and damping ratio. The contribution of GM7 to the force error is due to the errors in the estimation of the base-shear capacity. Several teams were able to predict forces and accelerations with only moderate bias. Displacements, however, were systematically underestimated by almost every team. This suggests that there is a general problem either in the assumptions made or the models used to simulate the response of this type of bridge bent with enhanced response characteristics. Predictions of the best-performing teams were consistently and substantially better than average in all response quantities. The engineering community would benefit from learning details of the approach of the best teams and the factors that caused the models of other teams to fail to produce similarly good results. Blind prediction contests provide: (1) very useful information regarding areas where current numerical models might be improved; and (2) quantitative data regarding the uncertainty of analytical models for use in performance-based earthquake engineering evaluations. Such blind prediction contests should be encouraged for other experimental research activities and are planned to be conducted annually by PEER.