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Academic literature on the topic 'Observations micro-ondes'
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Journal articles on the topic "Observations micro-ondes"
Dubuisson, Philippe, and Adrien Deschamps. "Troisième atelier Trattoria consacré au transfert radiatif atmosphérique." La Météorologie, no. 113 (2021): 019. http://dx.doi.org/10.37053/lameteorologie-2021-0041.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Observations micro-ondes"
Soriot, Clément. "Caractérisation de la banquise Arctique à partir d'observations micro-ondes multi-satellites." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS451.
Full textSea ice plays a major role in ocean circulation as well as in the climate and weather system. In the context of global warming, the extent of the Arctic sea ice has been decreasing steadily over the last 40 years and monitoring of the Arctic is essential. Microwave instruments on board satellites allow the study of this region of the Earth under all weather conditions, and regardless of the day/night cycle. Particularly suited over polar regions with high cloud cover and a six-month polar night, microwave satellite provide key observations for estimating geophysical parameters of the sea ice. Nevertheless, the understanding of the physics underlying the observed microwave signatures is still partial. This thesis aims at improving our understanding of the microwave signals of the sea ice and is part of the preparation of two upcoming Earth observation missions led by the European Space Agency: the Copernicus Imager Microwave Radiometer (CIMR) and the Copernicus Polar Ice and Snow Topography ALtimeter (CRISTAL). In a first part, the covariabilities of passive microwave signals, highlighted by an unsupervised classification technique, will be analyzed and interpreted jointly with active microwave signals, using a microwave radiative transfer model. The results showed that it is possible to identify specific behaviors of sea ice concentration and thickness, and snow structure. The importance of metamorphism within the snowpack for the interpretation of passive microwave signals was highlighted. In a second part, an algorithm for estimating sea ice thickness from passive microwave observations was developed using an artificial intelligence technique. The results were compared to in situ sea ice thickness measurements and also showed good performance compared to other satellite-based sea ice thickness products. By applying the algorithm to a long collection of intercalibrated satellite data, a time series of Arctic sea ice thickness was constructed between 1992 and 2020, making it the longest to date. A final section deals with microwave altimetry techniques for measuring geophysical parameters of the sea ice. The sensitivity of microwave altimetry waveforms to the thickness of the snow cover of the Arctic sea ice is analyzed
Kohn, Jacqueline. "Inversion des observations spatiales micro-ondes pour la détermination de la température du sol en présence de neige." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/2812.
Full textKilic, Lise. "Estimation des paramètres de surface des océans et de la banquise à partir d’observations micro-ondes basses fréquences." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS167.
Full textThe oceans and sea ice play an important role in the climate and weather system. A future low-frequency passive microwave satellite mission designed to observe the polar regions is currently under study at the European Space Agency for the expansion of the Copernicus programme. Passive microwave satellite observations provide all-weather observation of the Earth surface, both day and night. In this thesis, we are interested in estimating ocean and ice surface parameters from low-frequency passive microwave satellite observations. The objective is to develop new methods for estimating these parameters that are more efficient and adapted to the future passive microwave satellite mission CIMR (Copernicus Imaging Microwave Radiometer). The first part of the thesis deals with the estimation of ocean parameters such as sea surface temperature, salinity and ocean wind speed. The second part deals with the estimation of sea ice parameters such as sea ice concentration, snow depth and snow-ice interface temperature. Finally, with the methods developed in this thesis, the performances of the CIMR mission are evaluated and compared with the current missions
Crevoisier, Cyril. "Etude de la distribution du CO2 atmosphérique à partir des observations infrarouges à haute résolution spectrale de l'instrument AQUA/AIRS." Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA077041.
Full textCordisco, Emmanuel. "Etude de la synergie des observations satellites pour la caractérisation du manteau neigeux." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00089376.
Full textCes travaux visent ainsi à étudier le contenu en information sur le manteau neigeux à l'échelle globale des observations satellites réalisées à partir de différents instruments couvrant différents domaines du spectre électromagnétique (visible, infrarouge et micro-ondes). Des paramètres autres que la neige interférant dans la problématique, il est nécessaire de les déterminer afin d'encadrer leurs influences. Ensuite, on cherchera comment limiter la pollution qu'engendre ces paramètres sur l'information accessible du manteau neigeux, on aura alors recours à ce que l'on appelera des statistiques locales.
Hélas ces statistiques locales ne sont pas disponibles sur l'ensemble du globe. Il est donc inévitable d'utiliser la modélisation pour permettre l'interpolation. Toutefois, une méthode originale d'ajustement de modèle par analyse en composantes principales sera présentée. Au final, la synergie entre les observations satellites, la modélisation et les mesures in situ devra être utilisée pour extraire de façon optimale l'information contenu dans les données et permettre l'inversion de l'épaisseur de neige à grande échelle.
D'autre part, il sera intéressant de caractériser les différents types de neiges existants selon une classification non-supervisée des observations satellites afin d'extraire les similitudes et les spécificités de chacun de ces types.
Lawrence, Heather. "MODÉLISATION DE L'EFFET DE LA RUGOSITÉ DE SURFACE ET DE LA LITIÈRE DES COUVERTS NATURELS SUR LES OBSERVATIONS MICRO-ONDES PASSIVES - APPLICATION AU SUIVI GLOBAL DE L'HUMIDITÉ DU SOL PAR LA MISSION SMOS." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01024075.
Full textAmazirh, Abdelhakim. "Monitoring crops water needs at high spatio-temporal resolution by synergy of optical/thermal and radar observations." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30101.
Full textOptimizing water management in agriculture is essential over semi-arid areas in order to preserve water resources which are already low and erratic due to human actions and climate change. This thesis aims to use the synergy of multispectral remote sensing observations (radar, optical and thermal data) for high spatio-temporal resolution monitoring of crops water needs. In this context, different approaches using various sensors (Landsat-7/8, Sentinel-1 and MODIS) have been developed to provide information on the crop Soil Moisture (SM) and water stress at a spatio-temporal scale relevant to irrigation management. This work fits well the REC "Root zone soil moisture Estimates at the daily and agricultural parcel scales for Crop irrigation management and water use impact: a multi-sensor remote sensing approach" (http://rec.isardsat.com/) project objectives, which aim to estimate the Root Zone Soil Moisture (RZSM) for optimizing the management of irrigation water. Innovative and promising approaches are set up to estimate evapotranspiration (ET), RZSM, land surface temperature (LST) and vegetation water stress through SM indices derived from multispectral observations with high spatio-temporal resolution. The proposed methodologies rely on image-based methods, radiative transfer modelling and water and energy balance modelling and are applied in a semi-arid climate region (central Morocco). In the frame of my PhD thesis, three axes have been investigated. In the first axis, a Landsat LST-derived RZSM index is used to estimate the ET over wheat parcels and bare soil. The ET modelling estimation is explored using a modified Penman-Monteith equation obtained by introducing a simple empirical relationship between surface resistance (rc) and a RZSM index. The later is estimated from Landsat-derived land surface temperature (LST) combined with the LST endmembers (in wet and dry conditions) simulated by a surface energy balance model driven by meteorological forcing and Landsat-derived fractional vegetation cover. The investigated method is calibrated and validated over two wheat parcels located in the same area near Marrakech City in Morocco. In the next axis, a method to retrieve near surface (0-5 cm) SM at high spatial and temporal resolution is developed from a synergy between radar (Sentinel-1) and thermal (Landsat) data and by using a soil energy balance model. The developed approach is validated over bare soil agricultural fields and gives an accurate estimates of near surface SM with a root mean square difference compared to in situ SM equal to 0.03 m3 m-3. In the final axis a new method is developed to disaggregate the 1 km resolution MODIS LST at 100 m resolution by integrating the near surface SM derived from Sentinel-1 radar data and the optical-vegetation index derived from Landsat observations. The new algorithm including the S-1 backscatter as input to the disaggregation, produces more stable and robust results during the selected year. Where, 3.35 °C and 0.75 were the lowest RMSE and the highest correlation coefficient assessed using the new algorithm
Lehujeur, Maximilien. "Étude d'un réservoir géothermique profond par corrélation de bruit sismique ambiant." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAH013/document.
Full textThis work focuses on the application of the ambient seismic noise correlation technique for the imaging and monitoring of deep geothermal reservoirs near Rittershoffen (ECOGI) and Soultz-sous-Forêts (GEIE-EMC). The strong spatial and temporal variability of the noise sources in the period range 0.2-7s limits the reconstruction of the Green’s functions. This results in significant errors in the velocity models. Two approaches are proposed to overcome the spatial non-uniformity of the noise and to improve the quality of the velocity models. Besides that, the temporal variability of the noise sources is a limiting factor for monitoring purposes. We estimate that the speed variations should be larger than 0.1% to 1% to be detected by the available networks. This threshold was not reached at Rittershoffen during the drillings or the stimulations. However, a probable change of the diffracting properties of the medium was observed following a hydraulic stimulation
Guerbette, Jérémy. "Modélisation et assimilation d’observations satellitaires micro-ondes dans les systèmes dépressionnaires tropicaux." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2016. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/16003/1/Guerbette.pdf.
Full textKarbou, Fatima. "Inversion des mesures radiométriques haute-fréquence au-dessus des surfaces continentales." Phd thesis, Université de Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00524882.
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